AMERICAN INCOME FUND I
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
Annual Report to the Partners, December 31, 1996
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT TO THE PARTNERS
Page
----
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 2
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 3-6
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
Report of Independent Auditors 7
Statement of Financial Position
at December 31, 1996 and 1995 8
Statement of Operations
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 9
Statement of Changes in Partners' Capital
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 10
Statement of Cash Flows
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 11
Notes to the Financial Statements 12-18
ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION:
Schedule of Excess (Deficiency) of Total Cash
Generated to Cost of Equipment Disposed 19
Statement of Cash and Distributable Cash
From Operations, Sales and Refinancings 20
Schedule of Costs Reimbursed to the General
Partner and its Affiliates as Required by
Section 9.4 of the Amended and Restated
Agreement and Certificate of Limited Partnership 21
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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following data should be read in conjunction with Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the
financial statements.
For each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 1996:
Summary of
Operations 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992
- ----------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------------- -----------
Lease revenue $ 585,768 $ 813,318 $1,940,468 $ 2,515,703 $2,765,279
Net income (loss) $ 197,908 $ 385,102 $ 405,161 $(1,021,539) $ 304,783
Per Unit:
Net income (loss) $ 0.66 $ 1.28 $ 1.34 $ (3.39) $ 1.01
Cash distributions $ 1.38 $ 2.25 $ 3.00 $ 3.00 $ 3.00
Financial Position
- -----------------------------
Total assets $2,341,360 $2,583,424 $3,169,981 $ 4,675,380 $8,184,475
Total long-term
obligations $ -- $ 5,186 $ 195,032 $ 1,185,453 $2,687,853
Partners' capital $2,205,765 $2,422,201 $2,715,116 $ 3,213,978 $5,139,540
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Year ended December 31, 1996 compared to the year
ended December 31, 1995 and the year ended December 31, 1995
compared to the year ended December 31, 1994
Overview
- --------
American Income Fund I-A, a Massachusetts Limited Partnership (the
"Partnership") was organized in 1990 as a direct-participation equipment leasing
program to acquire a diversified portfolio of capital equipment subject to lease
agreements with third parties. The Partnership's stated investment objectives
and policies contemplated that the Partnership would wind-up its operations
within approximately seven years of its inception. The value of the
Partnership's equipment portfolio decreases over time due to depreciation
resulting from age and usage of the equipment, as well as technological changes
and other market factors. In addition, the Partnership does not replace
equipment as it is sold; therefore, its aggregate investment value in equipment
declines from asset disposals occurring in the normal course. As a result of
the Partnership's age and a declining equipment portfolio, the General Partner
is evaluating a variety of transactions that will reduce the Partnership's
prospective costs to operate as a publicly registered limited partnership and,
therefore, enhance overall cash distributions to the limited partners. Such a
transaction may involve the sale of the Partnership's remaining equipment or a
transaction that would allow for the consolidation of the Partnership's expenses
with other similarly-organized equipment leasing programs.
Results of Operations
- ---------------------
For the year ended December 31, 1996, the Partnership recognized lease revenue
of $585,768 compared to $813,318 and $1,940,468 for the years ended December
31, 1995 and 1994, respectively. Lease revenue in 1996 includes the receipt of
$64,140 of lease termination rents received in connection with the sale of the
Partnership's interest in two Boeing 727-Advanced aircraft in July 1996 (see
below). The decrease in lease revenue between 1994 and 1996 was expected and
resulted principally from primary lease term expirations and the sale of
equipment. The Partnership also earns interest income from temporary
investments of rental receipts and equipment sales proceeds in short-term
instruments.
The Partnership's equipment portfolio includes certain assets in which the
Partnership holds a proportionate ownership interest. In such cases, the
remaining interests are owned by an affiliated equipment leasing program
sponsored by Equis Financial Group Limited Partnership (formerly American
Finance Group), a Massachusetts limited partnership ("EFG"). Proportionate
equipment ownership enables the Partnership to further diversify its equipment
portfolio by participating in the ownership of selected assets, thereby reducing
the general levels of risk which could result from a concentration in any single
equipment type, industry or lessee. The Partnership and each affiliate
individually report, in proportion to their respective ownership interests,
their respective shares of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses
associated with the equipment.
In 1996, the Partnership sold equipment having a net book value of $143,569 to
existing lessees and third parties. These sales resulted in a net gain, for
financial purposes, of $82,889 compared to a net gain in 1995 of $144,671 on
equipment having a net book value of $169,894, and a net loss in 1994 of $36,392
on equipment having a net book value of $1,204,082. The equipment sales in 1996
included the sale of the Partnership's interest in two Boeing 727-Advanced jet
aircraft with an original cost and net book value of $557,072 and $106,544,
respectively, which the Partnership sold to the existing lessee in July 1996.
In connection with these sales, the Partnership realized sale proceeds of
$148,460, which resulted in a net gain, for financial statement purposes, of
$41,916. In addition, the Partnership received lease termination rents,
discussed above, as this equipment was sold prior to the expiration of the
related lease term.
It cannot be determined whether future sales of equipment will result in a net
gain or a net loss to the Partnership, as such transactions will be dependent
upon the condition and type of equipment being sold and its
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marketability at the time of sale. In addition, the amount of gain or loss
reported for financial statement purposes is partly a function of the amount of
accumulated depreciation associated with the equipment being sold.
The ultimate realization of residual value for any type of equipment is
dependent upon many factors, including EFG's ability to sell and re-lease
equipment. Changing market conditions, industry trends, technological advances,
and many other events can converge to enhance or detract from asset values at
any given time. EFG attempts to monitor these changes in order to identify
opportunities which may be advantageous to the Partnership and which will
maximize total cash returns for each asset.
The total economic value realized upon final disposition of each asset is
comprised of all primary lease term revenue generated from that asset, together
with its residual value. The latter consists of cash proceeds realized upon the
asset's sale in addition to all other cash receipts obtained from renting the
asset on a re-lease, renewal or month-to-month basis. The Partnership classifies
such residual rental payments as lease revenue. Consequently, the amount of
gain or loss reported in the financial statements is not necessarily indicative
of the total residual value the Partnership achieved from leasing the equipment.
Depreciation and amortization expense was $329,827, $520,164 and $1,362,557
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively. For
financial reporting purposes, to the extent that an asset is held on primary
lease term, the Partnership depreciates the difference between (i) the cost of
the asset and (ii) the estimated residual value of the asset on a straight-line
basis over such term. For purposes of this policy, estimated residual values
represent estimates of equipment values at the date of primary lease expiration.
To the extent that an asset is held beyond its primary lease term, the
Partnership continues to depreciate the remaining net book value of the asset on
a straight-line basis over the asset's remaining economic life.
Interest expense was $7,462 or less than 1% of lease revenue in 1995 and
$61,401 or 3.2% of lease revenue during 1994. No interest expense was incurred
in 1996. Management fees were approximately 5.2%, 4.2% and 3.6% of lease
revenue during the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively.
Management fees during the year ended December 31, 1996 include $2,088 resulting
from an underaccrual in 1995. Management fees are based on 5% of gross lease
revenue generated by operating leases and 2% of gross lease revenue generated by
full payout leases.
Operating expenses consist principally of administrative charges, professional
service costs, such as audit and legal fees, as well as printing, distribution
and remarketing expenses. In certain cases, equipment storage or repairs and
maintenance costs may be incurred in connection with equipment being remarketed.
The overall increase in operating expenses from 1994 to 1996 is due primarily to
heavy maintenance and airframe overhaul costs incurred or accrued in connection
with certain of the Partnership's interests in Boeing 727 aircraft. During the
year ended December 31, 1996, the Partnership received $40,816 from the former
lessee of these aircraft, representing a partial reimbursement of such costs.
In 1996, the Partnership entered into a new 36-month lease agreement with
Sunworld International Airlines, Inc. to re-lease one of the aircraft at a base
rent to the Partnership of $7,540 per month (see discussion below relating to
the second aircraft). The amount of future operating expenses cannot be
predicted with certainty; however, such expenses are usually higher during the
acquisition and liquidation phases of a partnership. Other fluctuations
typically occur in relation to the volume and timing of remarketing activities.
Liquidity and Capital Resources and Discussion of Cash Flows
- ------------------------------------------------------------
The Partnership by its nature is a limited life entity which was established
for specific purposes described in the preceding "Overview". As an equipment
leasing program, the Partnership's principal operating activities derive from
asset rental transactions. Accordingly, the Partnership's principal source of
cash from operations is provided by the collection of periodic rents. These
cash inflows are used to satisfy debt service obligations associated with
leveraged leases, and to pay management fees and operating costs. Operating
activities generated net cash inflows of $484,140, $802,351 and $1,834,261 in
1996, 1995 and 1994, respectively. Future renewal, re-lease and equipment sale
activities will continue to cause a decline in the Partnership's lease revenue
and corresponding sources of operating cash. Overall, expenses associated with
rental activities, such as
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management fees, and net cash flow from operating activities will also continue
to decline as the Partnership experiences a higher frequency of remarketing
events.
Ultimately, the Partnership will dispose of all assets under lease. This will
occur principally through sale transactions whereby each asset will be sold to
the existing lessee or to a third party. Generally, this will occur upon
expiration of each asset's primary or renewal/re-lease term. In certain
instances, casualty or early termination events may result in the disposal of an
asset. Such circumstances are infrequent and usually result in the collection
of stipulated cash settlements pursuant to terms and conditions contained in the
underlying lease agreements.
Cash expended for equipment acquisitions and cash realized from asset disposal
transactions are reported under investing activities on the accompanying
Statement of Cash Flows. During the year ended December 31, 1996, the
Partnership expended $127,020 to replace certain aircraft engines to facilitate
the re-lease of an aircraft, in which it has an ownership interest, to
Transmeridian Airlines (see below). There were no equipment acquisitions during
the same periods in 1995 and 1994. During the year ended December 31, 1996, the
Partnership realized $226,458 in equipment sale proceeds compared to $314,565
and $1,167,690 in 1995 and 1994, respectively. Future inflows of cash from
asset disposals will vary in timing and amount and will be influenced by many
factors including, but not limited to, the frequency and timing of lease
expirations, the type of equipment being sold, its condition and age, and future
market conditions.
On November 30, 1995, upon the expiration of its lease term, Northwest
Airlines, Inc. returned a Boeing 727-251 Advanced aircraft (the "Aircraft") in
which the Partnership has an 11.6% ownership interest. The Partnership's
interest in the Aircraft had a cost and net book value of $1,207,637 and
$264,187, respectively, at December 31, 1996. The Aircraft is currently
undergoing heavy maintenance expected to cost the Partnership approximately
$65,000, all of which was accrued or incurred during the year ended December 31,
1996. The Partnership had entered into a 28-month lease agreement with
Transmeridian Airlines effective upon completion of the heavy maintenance.
However, as a result of delays in completing the heavy maintenance, the Aircraft
could not be delivered to the lessee on the stipulated date, resulting in the
cancellation of the agreement. The General Partner is currently negotiating a
new lease agreement for the Aircraft.
The Partnership obtained long-term financing in connection with certain
equipment leases. The repayments of principal related to such indebtedness are
reported as a component of financing activities. The Partnership's notes
payable were fully amortized during the year ended December 31, 1996.
Cash distributions to the General and Limited Partners are declared and
generally paid within fifteen days following the end of each calendar quarter.
The payment of such distributions is presented as a component of financing
activities. For the year ended December 31, 1996, the Partnership declared
total cash distributions of Distributable Cash from Operations and Distributable
Cash From Sales and Refinancings of $414,344. In accordance with the Amended
and Restated Agreement and Certificate of Limited Partnership, the Limited
Partners were allocated 95% of these distributions, or $393,627, and the General
Partner was allocated 5%, or $20,717. The fourth quarter 1996 cash distribution
was paid on January 13, 1997.
Cash distributions paid to the Limited Partners consist of both a return of
and a return on capital. Cash distributions do not represent and are not
indicative of yield on investment. Actual yield on investment cannot be
determined with any certainty until conclusion of the Partnership and will be
dependent upon the collection of all future contracted rents, the generation of
renewal and/or re-lease rents, and the residual value realized for each asset at
its disposal date. Future market conditions, technological changes, the ability
of EFG to manage and remarket the assets, and many other events and
circumstances, could enhance or detract from individual asset yields and the
collective performance of the Partnership's equipment portfolio.
The future liquidity of the Partnership will be influenced by the foregoing
and will be greatly dependent upon the collection of contractual rents and the
outcome of residual activities. The General Partner anticipates that cash
proceeds resulting from these sources will satisfy the Partnership's future
expense obligations. However, the
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amount of cash available for distribution in future periods will fluctuate.
Equipment lease expirations and asset disposals will cause the Partnership's net
cash from operating activities to diminish over time; and equipment sale
proceeds will vary in amount and period of realization. In addition, the
Partnership may be required to incur asset refurbishment or upgrade costs in
connection with future remarketing activities. Accordingly, fluctuations in the
level of quarterly cash distributions will occur during the life of the
Partnership.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
------------------------------
To the Partners of American Income Fund I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership:
We have audited the accompanying statements of financial position of
American Income Fund I-A, a Massachusetts Limited Partnership as of December 31,
1996 and 1995, and the related statements of operations, changes in partners'
capital, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December
31, 1996. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Partnership's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of American Income Fund I-A, a
Massachusetts Limited Partnership at December 31, 1996 and 1995, and the results
of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1996, in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.
Our audits were conducted for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic
financial statements taken as a whole. The Additional Financial Information
identified in the Index to Annual Report to the Partners is presented for
purposes of additional analysis and is not a required part of the basic
financial statements. Such information has been subjected to the auditing
procedures applied in our audits of the basic financial statements and, in our
opinion, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the basic
financial statements taken as a whole.
ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 14, 1997
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AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
December 31, 1996 and 1995
1996 1995
------------ ------------
ASSETS
- ------
Cash and cash equivalents $1,721,388 $1,595,008
Rents receivable 27,902 75,152
Accounts receivable - affiliate 61,144 35,962
Equipment at cost, net of accumulated
depreciation of $3,836,846 and
$4,245,887 at December 31, 1996
and 1995, respectively 530,926 877,302
---------- ----------
Total assets $2,341,360 $2,583,424
========== ==========
LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS' CAPITAL
- ---------------------------------
Notes payable $ -- $ 5,186
Accrued interest -- 135
Accrued liabilities 30,870 25,830
Accrued liabilities - affiliate 22,945 7,685
Deferred rental income 6,445 9,384
Cash distributions payable to partners 75,335 113,003
---------- ----------
Total liabilities 135,595 161,223
---------- ----------
Partners' capital (deficit):
General Partner (206,597) (195,775)
Limited Partnership Interests
(286,274 Units; initial purchase 2,412,362 2,617,976
price of $25 each) ---------- ----------
Total partners' capital 2,205,765 2,422,201
---------- ----------
Total liabilities and partners'
capital $2,341,360 $2,583,424
========== ==========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements.
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AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
1996 1995 1994
--------- ---------- ------------
Income:
Lease revenue $585,768 $ 813,318 $1,940,468
Interest income 80,345 83,850 36,894
Gain (loss) on sale of equipment 82,889 144,671 (36,392)
-------- ---------- ----------
Total income 749,002 1,041,839 1,940,970
-------- ---------- ----------
Expenses:
Depreciation and amortization 329,827 520,164 1,362,557
Interest expense -- 7,462 61,401
Equipment management fees
- affiliate 30,670 33,736 69,641
Operating expenses - affiliate 190,597 95,375 42,210
-------- ---------- ----------
Total expenses 551,094 656,737 1,535,809
-------- ---------- ----------
Net income $197,908 $ 385,102 $ 405,161
======== ========== ==========
Net income
per limited partnership unit $ 0.66 $ 1.28 $ 1.34
======== ========== ==========
Cash distributions declared
per limited partnership unit $ 1.38 $ 2.25 $ 3.00
======== ========== ==========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements.
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AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN PARTNERS' CAPITAL
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
General Limited Partners
Partner ---------------------
Amount Units Amount Total
----------- ------- ------------ ------------
Balance at December 31, 1993 $(156,186) 286,274 $3,370,164 $3,213,978
Net income - 1994 20,258 -- 384,903 405,161
Cash distributions declared (45,201) -- (858,822) (904,023)
--------- ------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1994 (181,129) 286,274 2,896,245 2,715,116
Net income - 1995 19,255 -- 365,847 385,102
Cash distributions declared (33,901) -- (644,116) (678,017)
--------- ------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1995 (195,775) 286,274 2,617,976 2,422,201
Net income - 1996 9,895 -- 188,013 197,908
Cash distributions declared (20,717) -- (393,627) (414,344)
--------- ------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1996 $(206,597) 286,274 $2,412,362 $2,205,765
========= ======= ========== ==========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements.
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AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
1996 1995 1994
-------------- -------------- --------------
Cash flows from (used in)
operating activities:
Net income $ 197,908 $ 385,102 $ 405,161
Adjustments to reconcile net
income
to net cash from operating
activities:
Depreciation and 329,827 520,164 1,362,557
amortization
(Gain) loss on sale of (82,889) (144,671) 36,392
equipment
Changes in assets and
liabilities:
Decrease (increase) in:
Rents receivable 47,250 332 (5,649)
Accounts receivable -
affiliate (25,182) 32,217 51,916
Increase (decrease) in:
Accrued interest (135) (1,796) (14,763)
Accrued liabilities 5,040 5,560 4,560
Accrued liabilities -
affiliate 15,260 7,685 (3,125)
Deferred rental income (2,939) (2,242) (2,788)
---------- ---------- -----------
Net cash from operating
activities 484,140 802,351 1,834,261
---------- ---------- -----------
Cash flows from (used in)
investing activities
Purchase of equipment (127,020) -- --
Proceeds from equipment
sales 226,458 314,565 1,167,690
Net cash from investing ---------- ---------- -----------
activities 99,438 314,565 1,167,690
---------- ---------- -----------
Cash flows used in financing
activities:
Principal payments - notes
payable (5,186) (189,846) (990,421)
Cash distributions paid (452,012) (791,020) (904,023)
---------- ---------- -----------
Net cash used in
financing activities (457,198) (980,866) (1,894,444)
---------- ---------- -----------
Net increase in cash and cash
equivalents 126,380 136,050 1,107,507
Cash and cash equivalents at
beginning of year 1,595,008 1,458,958 351,451
---------- ---------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents at
end of year $1,721,388 $1,595,008 $ 1,458,958
========== ========== ===========
Supplemental disclosure of
cash flow information:
Cash paid during year for
interest $ 135 $ 9,258 $ 76,164
========== ========== ===========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements.
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AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
Notes to the Financial Statements
December 31, 1996
NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND PARTNERSHIP MATTERS
- ---------------------------------------------
The Partnership was organized as a limited partnership under the
Massachusetts Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the "Uniform Act") on March 6,
1990, for the purpose of acquiring and leasing to third parties a diversified
portfolio of capital equipment. Partners' capital initially consisted of
contributions of $1,000 from the General Partner (AFG Leasing VI Incorporated)
and $100 from the Initial Limited Partner (AFG Assignor Corporation). On
December 31, 1990, the Partnership issued 286,274 units of limited partnership
interest (the "Units") to 359 investors. The Partnership's General Partner, AFG
Leasing VI Incorporated, is a Massachusetts corporation formed in 1990 and an
affiliate of Equis Financial Group Limited Partnership (formerly American
Finance Group), a Massachusetts limited partnership ("EFG"). The General
Partner is not required to make any other capital contributions except as may be
required under the Uniform Act and Section 6.1(b) of the Amended and Restated
Agreement and Certificate of Limited Partnership ("Restated Agreement, as
amended").
Significant operations commenced December 31, 1990 when the
Partnership made its initial equipment purchase. Pursuant to the Restated
Agreement, as amended, Distributable Cash From Operations and Distributable Cash
From Sales or Refinancings will be allocated 95% to the Limited Partners and 5%
to the General Partner.
Under the terms of a Management Agreement between the Partnership and
EFG, management services are provided by EFG to the Partnership at fees which
the General Partner believes to be competitive for similar services. (Also see
Note 4.)
EFG is a Massachusetts limited partnership formerly known as American
Finance Group ("AFG"). AFG was established in 1988 as a Massachusetts general
partnership and succeeded American Finance Group, Inc., a Massachusetts
corporation organized in 1980. EFG and its subsidiaries (collectively, the
"Company") are engaged in various aspects of the equipment leasing business,
including EFG's role as Equipment Manager or Advisor to the Partnership and
several other Direct-Participation equipment leasing programs sponsored or co-
sponsored by EFG (the "Other Investment Programs"). The Company arranges to
broker or originate equipment leases, acts as remarketing agent and asset
manager, and provides leasing support services, such as billing, collecting, and
asset tracking.
The general partner of EFG, with a 1% controlling interest, is Equis
Corporation, a Massachusetts corporation owned and controlled entirely by Gary
D. Engle, its President and Chief Executive Officer. Equis Corporation also
owns a controlling 1% general partner interest in EFG's 99% limited partner, GDE
Acquisition Limited Partnership ("GDE LP"). Equis Corporation and GDE LP were
established in December 1994 by Mr. Engle for the sole purpose of acquiring the
business of AFG.
In January 1996, the Company sold certain assets of AFG relating
primarily to the business of originating new leases, and the name "American
Finance Group," and its acronym, to a third party (the "Buyer"). AFG changed its
name to Equis Financial Group Limited Partnership after the sale was concluded.
Pursuant to terms of the sale agreements, EFG agreed not to compete with the
Buyer's lease origination business for a period of five years; however, EFG is
permitted to originate certain equipment leases, principally those involving
non-investment grade lessees and ocean-going vessels, which are not in
competition with the Buyer. In addition, the sale agreements specifically
reserved to EFG the rights to continue using the name American Finance Group and
its acronym in connection with the Partnership and the Other Investment Programs
and to continue managing all assets owned by the Partnership and the Other
Investment Programs, including the right to satisfy all required equipment
acquisitions utilizing either brokers or the Buyer. Geoffrey A. MacDonald,
Chairman of Equis Corporation and Gary D. Engle agreed not to compete with the
sold business on terms and conditions similar to those for the Company.
-12-
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
Notes to the Financial Statements
(Continued)
NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
- ---------------------------------------------------
Statement of Cash Flows
- -----------------------
The Partnership considers liquid investment instruments purchased with a
maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. From time to time, the
Partnership invests excess cash with large institutional banks in reverse
repurchase agreements with overnight maturities. Under the terms of the
agreements, title to the underlying securities passes to the Partnership. The
securities underlying the agreements are book entry securities. At December 31,
1996, the Partnership had $1,620,000 invested in reverse repurchase agreements
secured by U.S. Treasury Bills or interests in U.S. Government securities.
Revenue Recognition
- -------------------
Rents are payable to the Partnership monthly or quarterly and no significant
amounts are calculated on factors other than the passage of time. The leases
are accounted for as operating leases and are noncancellable. Rents received
prior to their due dates are deferred. Future minimum rents of $228,981 are due
as follows:
For the year ending December 31, 1997 $ 128,906
1998 100,075
----------
Total $ 228,981
==========
Revenue from major individual lessees which accounted for 10% or more of
lease revenue during the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 is as
follows:
1996 1995 1994
--------- --------- ---------
American National Can Company $ 134,169 $ 172,558 $ 242,648
Northwest Airlines, Inc. $ 116,306 $ 248,359 $ 436,678
Sunworld International Airlines, Inc. $ 85,805 -- --
Durr Medical $ 75,742 -- --
Ford Motor Company -- $ 93,458 --
Roses Stores, Inc. -- -- $ 222,031
Use of Estimates
- ----------------
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires the use of estimates and assumptions
that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying
notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Equipment on Lease
- ------------------
All equipment was acquired from EFG, one of its Affiliates or from third-
party sellers. Equipment cost represents asset base price plus acquisition fees
and was determined in accordance with the Restated Agreement, as amended, and
certain regulatory guidelines. Asset base price is affected by the relationship
of the seller to the Partnership as summarized herein. Where the seller of the
equipment was EFG or an Affiliate, asset base price was the lower of (i) the
actual price paid for the equipment by EFG or the Affiliate plus all actual
costs
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AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
Notes to the Financial Statements
(Continued)
accrued by EFG or the Affiliate while carrying the equipment less the amount of
all rents earned by EFG or the Affiliate prior to selling the equipment or (ii)
fair market value as determined by the General Partner in its best judgment,
including all liens and encumbrances on the equipment and other actual expenses.
Where the seller of the equipment was a third party who did not manufacture the
equipment, asset base price was the lower of (i) the price invoiced by the third
party or (ii) fair market value as determined by the General Partner. Where the
seller of the equipment was a third party who also manufactured the equipment,
asset base price was the manufacturer's invoice price, which price was
considered to be representative of fair market value.
Depreciation and Amortization
- -----------------------------
The Partnership's depreciation policy is intended to allocate the cost of
equipment over the period during which it produces economic benefit. The
principal period of economic benefit is considered to correspond to each asset's
primary lease term, which term generally represents the period of greatest
revenue potential for each asset. Accordingly, to the extent that an asset is
held on primary lease term, the Partnership depreciates the difference between
(i) the cost of the asset and (ii) the estimated residual value of the asset on
a straight-line basis over such term. For purposes of this policy, estimated
residual values represent estimates of equipment values at the date of primary
lease expiration. To the extent that an asset is held beyond its primary lease
term, the Partnership continues to depreciate the remaining net book value of
the asset on a straight-line basis over the asset's remaining economic life.
Periodically, the General Partner evaluates the net carrying value of equipment
to determine whether it exceeds estimated net realizable value. Adjustments to
reduce the net carrying value of equipment are recorded in those instances where
estimated net realizable value is considered to be less than net carrying value.
The ultimate realization of residual value for any type of equipment is
dependent upon many factors, including EFG's ability to sell and re-lease
equipment. Changing market conditions, industry trends, technological advances,
and many other events can converge to enhance or detract from asset values at
any given time. EFG attempts to monitor these changes in order to identify
opportunities which may be advantageous to the Partnership and which will
maximize total cash returns for each asset.
Organization costs were amortized using the straight-line method over a
period of five years.
Accrued Liabilities - Affiliate
- -------------------------------
Unpaid operating expenses paid by EFG on behalf of the Partnership and
accrued but unpaid administrative charges are reported as Accrued Liabilities -
Affiliate. (See Note 4.)
Allocation of Profits and Losses
- --------------------------------
For financial statement purposes, net income or loss is allocated to each
Partner according to their respective ownership percentages (95% to the Limited
Partners and 5% to the General Partner). See Note 5 for allocation of income or
loss for income tax purposes.
Net Income and Cash Distributions Per Unit
- ------------------------------------------
Net income and cash distributions per Unit are based on 286,274 Units
outstanding during each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1996 and computed after allocation of the General Partner's 5%
share of net income and cash distributions.
-14-
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
Notes to the Financial Statements
(Continued)
Provision for Income Taxes
- --------------------------
No provision or benefit from income taxes is included in the accompanying
financial statements. The Partners are responsible for reporting their
proportionate shares of the Partnership's taxable income or loss and other tax
attributes on their tax returns.
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
- ----------------------------------------------
In March 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement No.
121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived
Assets to Be Disposed Of, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on
long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present
and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are
less than the assets' carrying amount. Statement 121 also addresses the
accounting for long-lived assets that are expected to be disposed of. The
Partnership adopted Statement 121 in the first quarter of 1996. The adoption of
Statement 121 did not have a material effect on the financial statements of the
Partnership.
NOTE 3 - EQUIPMENT
- ------------------
The following is a summary of equipment owned by the Partnership at December
31, 1996. In the opinion of EFG, the acquisition cost of the equipment did not
exceed its fair market value.
Lease Term Equipment
Equipment Type (Months) at Cost Location
- -------------------------------------- ----------- ------------ -------------------------------
Aircraft 10-36 $ 2,288,254 KY/MN
Materials handling 2-60 1,331,734 CA/DE/IL/IN/KY/MI/MN NC/NJ/NV
OH/WI/Foreign
Communications 23-60 383,676 AL
Computers and peripherals 1-51 239,322 AL/CT/GA/KY/MS/NC/SC/TN/TX/VAWI
Retail store fixtures 12-47 63,750 GA/NC/SC/VA
Tractors/heavy duty trucks 78 61,036 CA
-----------
Total equipment cost 4,367,772
Accumulated depreciation (3,836,846)
-----------
Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation $ 530,926
===========
In certain cases, the cost of the Partnership's equipment represents a
proportionate ownership interest. The remaining interests are owned by EFG or
an affiliated equipment leasing program sponsored by EFG. The Partnership and
each affiliate individually report, in proportion to their respective ownership
interests, their respective shares of assets, liabilities, revenues, and
expenses associated with the equipment. Proportionate equipment ownership
enables the Partnership to further diversify its equipment portfolio by
participating in the ownership of selected assets, thereby reducing the general
levels of risk which could result from a concentration in any single
equipment type, industry or lessee. At December 31, 1996, the Partnership's
equipment portfolio included equipment having a proportionate original cost of
$2,478,971, representing approximately 57% of total equipment cost.
-15-
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
Notes to the Financial Statements
(Continued)
Generally, the costs associated with maintaining, insuring and operating the
Partnership's equipment are incurred by the respective lessees pursuant to terms
specified in their individual lease agreements with the Partnership.
As equipment is sold to third parties, or otherwise disposed of, the
Partnership recognizes a gain or loss equal to the difference between the net
book value of the equipment at the time of sale or disposition and the proceeds
realized upon sale or disposition. The ultimate realization of estimated
residual value in the equipment is dependent upon, among other things, EFG's
ability to maximize proceeds from selling or re-leasing the equipment upon the
expiration of the primary lease terms. At December 31, 1996, the cost and net
book value of equipment held for sale or re-lease was approximately $1,311,000
and $264,000, respectively. This equipment includes the Partnership's
proportionate interest in a Boeing 727 Advanced aircraft, formerly leased to
Northwest Airlines, Inc. ("Northwest"), having a cost and net book value of
$1,207,637 and $264,187, respectively. This aircraft was returned upon
expiration of its lease term on November 30, 1995 and is currently undergoing
heavy maintenance expected to cost the Partnership approximately $65,000, all of
which was accrued or incurred during the year ended December 31, 1996. The
Partnership had entered into a 28-month lease agreement with Transmeridian
Airlines effective upon completion of the heavy maintenance. However, as a
result of delays in completing the heavy maintenance, the Aircraft could not be
delivered to the lessee on the stipulated date, resulting in the cancellation of
the agreement. The General Partner is currently negotiating a new lease
agreement for the Aircraft.
NOTE 4 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
- -----------------------------------
All operating expenses incurred by the Partnership are paid by EFG on behalf
of the Partnership and EFG is reimbursed at its actual cost for such
expenditures. Fees and other costs incurred during the years ended December 31,
1996, 1995 and 1994, which were paid or accrued by the Partnership to EFG or its
Affiliates, are as follows:
1996 1995 1994
--------- --------- ---------
Equipment management fees $ 30,670 $ 33,736 $ 69,641
Administrative charges 32,428 12,552 12,000
Reimbursable operating
expenses due to third parties 158,169 82,823 30,210
-------- -------- --------
Total $221,267 $129,111 $111,851
======== ======== ========
As provided under the terms of the Management Agreement, EFG is compensated
for its services to the Partnership. Such services include all aspects of
acquisition, management and sale of equipment. For acquisition services, EFG is
compensated by an amount equal to 2.23% of Equipment Base Price paid by the
Partnership. For management services, EFG is compensated by an amount equal to
the lesser of (i) 5% of gross operating lease rental revenue and 2% of gross
full payout lease rental revenue received by the Partnership or (ii) fees which
the General Partner reasonably believes to be competitive for similar services
for similar equipment. Both of these fees are subject to certain limitations
defined in the Management Agreement. Compensation to EFG for services connected
to the sale of equipment is calculated as the lesser of (i) 3% of gross sale
proceeds or (ii) one-half of reasonable brokerage fees otherwise payable under
arm's length circumstances. Payment of the remarketing fee is subordinated to
Payout and is subject to certain limitations defined in the Management
Agreement.
-16-
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
Notes to the Financial Statements
(Continued)
Administrative charges represent amounts owed to EFG, pursuant to Section
9.4(c) of the Restated Agreement, as amended, for persons employed by EFG who
are engaged in providing administrative services to the Partnership.
Reimbursable operating expenses due to third parties represent costs paid by EFG
on behalf of the Partnership which are reimbursed to EFG.
All equipment was acquired from EFG, one of its Affiliates or from third-
party sellers. The Partnership's Purchase Price was determined by the method
described in Note 2.
All rents and proceeds from the sale of equipment are paid directly to
either EFG or to a lender. EFG temporarily deposits collected funds in a
separate interest-bearing escrow account prior to remittance to the Partnership.
At December 31, 1996, the Partnership was owed $61,144 by EFG for such funds and
the interest thereon. These funds were paid to the Partnership in January 1997.
NOTE 5 - INCOME TAXES
- ---------------------
The Partnership is not a taxable entity for federal income tax purposes.
Accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been recorded in the accounts of
the Partnership.
For financial statement purposes, the Partnership allocates net income or
loss to each class of partner according to their respective ownership
percentages (95% to the Limited Partners and 5% to the General Partner). This
convention differs from the income or loss allocation requirements for income
tax and Dissolution Event purposes as delineated in the Restated Agreement, as
amended. For income tax purposes, the Partnership allocates net income or net
loss in accordance with the provisions of such agreement. The Restated
Agreement, as amended, requires that upon dissolution of the Partnership, the
General Partner will be required to contribute to the Partnership an amount
equal to any negative balance which may exist in the General Partner's tax
capital account. At December 31, 1996, the General Partner had a positive tax
capital account balance.
The following is a reconciliation between net income reported for financial
statement and federal income tax reporting purposes for the years ended December
31, 1996, 1995 and 1994:
1996 1995 1994
---------- ---------- ------------
Net income $197,908 $385,102 $ 405,161
Financial statement depreciation
in excess of (less than) tax 85,805 (29,715) 523,537
depreciation
Prepaid rental income (2,939) (2,242) (2,788)
Other (38,306) 117,824 286,304
-------- -------- ----------
Net income for federal income tax
reporting purposes $242,468 $470,969 $1,212,214
======== ======== ==========
The principal component of "Other" consists of the difference between the
tax gain on equipment disposals and the financial statement gain (loss) on
disposals.
-17-
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
Notes to the Financial Statements
(Continued)
The following is a reconciliation between partners' capital reported for
financial statement and federal income tax reporting purposes for the years
ended December 31, 1996 and 1995:
1996 1995
----------- -----------
Partners' capital $2,205,765 $2,422,201
Add back selling commissions and
organization and offering costs 800,146 800,146
Financial statement distributions in
excess of tax distributions 3,767 5,651
Cumulative difference between
federal income tax and financial
statement income (loss) 337,685 293,125
---------- ----------
Partners' capital for federal income
tax reporting purposes $3,347,363 $3,521,123
========== ==========
NOTE 6 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
- --------------------------
On September 22, 1995, Investors Asset Holding Corp. and First Security
Bank, N.A., trustees of the Partnership and various other affiliated investment
programs, filed an action in the United States District Court for the District
of Massachusetts against Northwest, a lessee of the Partnership. The trustees
are seeking damages from Northwest and a declaratory judgment concerning
Northwest's maintenance and return obligations for certain aircraft interests
owned by the Partnership. In addition to filing its Answer to the Plaintiffs'
Complaint, Northwest also filed a motion to transfer venue of this proceeding to
Minnesota. The Court denied such motion. The parties have completed the
initial phase of discovery, and motions for partial summary judgment are due on
March 28, 1997. At present, it is not possible to determine the ultimate
outcome of this matter.
-18-
ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
SCHEDULE OF EXCESS (DEFICIENCY) OF TOTAL CASH GENERATED TO COST
OF EQUIPMENT DISPOSED
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
The Partnership classifies all rents from leasing equipment as lease revenue.
Upon expiration of the primary lease terms, equipment may be sold, rented on a
month-to-month basis or re-leased for a defined period under a new or extended
lease agreement. The proceeds generated from selling or re-leasing the
equipment, in addition to any month-to-month revenue, represent the total
residual value realized for each item of equipment. Therefore, the financial
statement gain or loss, which reflects the difference between the net book value
of the equipment at the time of sale or disposition and the proceeds realized
upon sale or disposition may not reflect the aggregate residual proceeds
realized by the Partnership for such equipment.
The following is a summary of cash excess associated with equipment
dispositions occurring in the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994.
1996 1995 1994
---------- ---------- -----------
Rents earned prior to disposal of $ 836,280 $ 819,974 $3,159,449
equipment, net of interest charges
Sale proceeds realized upon disposition
of equipment 226,458 314,565 1,167,690
---------- ---------- ----------
Total cash generated from rents
and equipment sale proceeds 1,062,738 1,134,539 4,327,139
Original acquisition cost of equipment
disposed 882,437 896,799 3,933,822
---------- ---------- ----------
Excess of total cash generated to cost
of equipment disposed $ 180,301 $ 237,740 $ 393,317
========== ========== ==========
-19-
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
STATEMENT OF CASH AND DISTRIBUTABLE CASH FROM OPERATIONS,
SALES AND REFINANCINGS
for the year ended December 31, 1996
Sales and
Operations Refinancings Total
-------------- ------------- --------------
Net income $ 115,019 $ 82,889 $ 197,908
Add:
Depreciation 329,827 -- 329,827
Management fees 30,670 -- 30,670
Book value of disposed equipment -- 143,569 143,569
Less:
Principal reduction of notes
payable (5,186) -- (5,186)
---------- ------------ ----------
Cash from operations, sales
and refinancings 470,330 226,458 696,788
Less:
Management fees (30,670) -- (30,670)
---------- ------------ ----------
Distributable cash from
operations, sales and
refinancings 439,660 226,458 666,118
Other sources and uses of cash:
Cash at beginning of year 1,595,008 -- 1,595,008
Purchase of equipment (127,020) -- (127,020)
Net change in receivables and
accruals 39,294 -- 39,294
Less:
Cash distributions paid (225,554) (226,458) (452,012)
---------- ------------ ----------
Cash at end of year $1,721,388 -- $1,721,388
========== ============ ==========
-20-
AMERICAN INCOME FUND I-A,
a Massachusetts Limited Partnership
SCHEDULE OF COSTS REIMBURSED TO THE
GENERAL PARTNER AND ITS AFFILIATES AS REQUIRED
BY SECTION 9.4 OF THE AMENDED AND RESTATED
AGREEMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
December 31, 1996
For the year ended December 31, 1996, the Partnership reimbursed the General
Partner and its Affiliates for the following costs:
Operating expenses $173,837
-21-