________________________________________________________________________________
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
(MARK ONE)
[x] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (NO FEE REQUIRED)
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (NO FEE REQUIRED)
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-10545
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TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
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DELAWARE 13-3355897
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO.)
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION)
80 PINE STREET, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10005
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES) (ZIP CODE)
(212) 770-2000
(REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE)
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SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE ON
TITLE OF EACH CLASS WHICH REGISTERED
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Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 per Share New York Stock Exchange, Inc.
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [x] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained
herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in
definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in
Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of the shares of all classes of voting stock of
the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant on January 31, 2000 was
approximately $963,174,225 computed upon the basis of the closing sales price of
the Common Stock on that date. For purposes of this computation, shares held by
directors (and shares held by any entities in which they serve as officers) and
officers of the registrant have been excluded. Such exclusion is not intended,
nor shall it be deemed, to be an admission that such persons are affiliates of
the registrant.
As of January 31, 2000, there were outstanding 34,728,409 shares of Common
Stock, $1.00 par value, of the registrant.
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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement filed or to be filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A involving
the election of directors at the annual meeting of the shareholders of the
registrant scheduled to be held on May 18, 2000 are incorporated by reference in
Part III of this Form 10-K.
________________________________________________________________________________
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
----
PART I
Item 1. Business.................................................... 1
Item 2. Properties.................................................. 17
Item 3. Legal Proceedings........................................... 17
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders......... 17
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Stock and Related
Stockholder Matters....................................... 19
Item 6. Selected Financial Data..................................... 20
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations................................. 21
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data................. 29
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure.................................. 53
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.......... 53
Item 11. Executive Compensation...................................... 53
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management................................................ 53
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.............. 53
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form
8-K....................................................... 54
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a 'safe
harbor' for forward-looking statements. This Form 10-K, the Company's Annual
Report to Stockholders, any proxy statement, any Form 10-Q or any Form 8-K of
the Company or any other written or oral statements made by or on behalf of the
Company may include forward-looking statements which reflect the Company's
current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These
forward-looking statements are subject to certain uncertainties and other
factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such
statements. These uncertainties and other factors (which are described in more
detail elsewhere in this Form 10-K) include, but are not limited to,
uncertainties relating to general economic conditions and cyclical industry
conditions, uncertainties relating to government and regulatory policies,
volatile and unpredictable developments (including catastrophes), the legal
environment, the uncertainties of the reserving process, the competitive
environment in which the Company operates, the uncertainties inherent in
international operations, and interest rate fluctuations. The words 'believe,'
'expect,' 'anticipate,' 'project' and similar expressions identify
forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on
these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates. The
Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any
forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future
events or otherwise.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
INTRODUCTION
Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. (the 'Company') is a holding company
incorporated in the state of Delaware. Originally formed in 1986 under the name
PREINCO Holdings, Inc. as a holding company for Putnam Reinsurance Company
(Putnam), the Company's name was changed to Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. on
April 18, 1990 following the acquisition on April 17, 1990 of all of the common
stock of Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (TRC) in exchange for shares of
common stock of the Company (the 'Share Exchange'). Prior to the Share Exchange,
American International Group, Inc. (AIG) held a direct and indirect interest of
approximately 25% in the Company and an indirect interest of 49.99% in TRC. As a
result of the Share Exchange, AIG became the beneficial owner of approximately
41% of the Company's outstanding common stock and TRC became a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Company. In June 1990, certain stockholders of the Company
(other than AIG) sold shares of the Company's common stock in a registered
public offering, with the result that approximately 35% of the Company's
outstanding common stock became publicly owned. Since that date, additional
shares of the Company's common stock have become publicly owned as a result of
sales by such stockholders. In August 1998, AIG increased its beneficial
ownership of the Company's outstanding common stock from 49% to over 50%. As of
December 31, 1999, AIG beneficially owned approximately 59% of the Company's
outstanding shares.
The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, TRC, Trans Re Zurich
(TRZ), acquired by TRC in 1996, and Putnam (contributed by the Company to TRC in
1995), offers reinsurance capacity for a full range of property and casualty
products on a treaty and facultative basis, directly and through brokers, to
insurance and reinsurance companies, in both the domestic and international
markets. One or both of TRC and Putnam is licensed, accredited, authorized or
can serve as a reinsurer in 50 states, Puerto Rico, Guam and the District of
Columbia in the United States. TRC is licensed by the federal government of and
seven provinces in Canada. TRC is also licensed in Japan, the United Kingdom and
the Dominican Republic and is registered or authorized as a foreign reinsurer in
Peru, Colombia, Argentina (where it also maintains a representative office in
Buenos Aires, Transatlantic Re (Argentina) S.A.), Brazil (where it maintains a
representative office in Rio de Janeiro, Transatlantic Re (Brasil) Ltda.),
Chile, Mexico, Ecuador, Guatemala, Venezuela and France. In addition, TRC is
licensed in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of
China, and maintains a branch in Hong Kong. Also, TRC is authorized to maintain
a representative office in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. TRZ is licensed
as a reinsurer in Switzerland. In addition, in early 2000, Transatlantic
Polska Sp. z o.o., a subsidiary of TRC, began operations as a registered
representative office in Warsaw, Poland. TRH's (Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. and
its subsidiaries) principal lines of reinsurance include auto liability
(including nonstandard risks), other liability (including directors' and
officers' liability and other professional liability), accident and health,
medical malpractice, marine and aviation and surety and credit in the casualty
lines, and fire and allied lines in the property lines. Reinsurance is provided
for most major lines of insurance on both excess-of-loss and pro rata bases.
Each of TRC and Putnam is currently rated 'A++ (Superior)', the highest
rating classification, by A.M. Best Company (Best's) and 'AA', the second
highest major rating classification, by Standard and Poor's (S&P). TRC is also
rated Aa1 ('Excellent'), the second highest rating classification, by Moody's
Investors Service (Moody's) and TRZ is rated 'AA' by S&P. Best's, S&P and
Moody's are independent industry rating organizations. Best's indicates that the
'A++ (Superior)' rating is assigned to those companies that, in Best's opinion,
have, on balance, superior financial strength, operating performance and market
profile when compared to standards established by Best's and that have a very
strong ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders. S&P advises
that companies that receive an insurer financial strength rating of 'AA' have
very strong financial security characteristics differing only slightly from
those rated higher. Moody's advises that an insurance financial strength rating
of Aa1 is assigned to those ranked at the higher end of insurance companies
offering excellent financial security, but whose long-term risks appear somewhat
larger than companies in the highest rating category. These ratings are
1
based upon factors that may be of concern to policy or contract holders, but may
not reflect the considerations applicable to an equity investment in an
insurance or reinsurance company.
The statutory surplus of TRC of $1,442.6 million, as of December 31, 1999,
ranked TRC as the 4th largest domestic reinsurer according to statistics
distributed by the Reinsurance Association of America. Although TRC and its
wholly-owned subsidiary, Putnam, are separate entities, together they would have
ranked as the 4th largest domestic reinsurer based upon combined statutory net
premiums written of $1,391.8 million and 5th based upon combined statutory net
income of $130.0 million for the year ended December 31, 1999, according to such
statistics.
THE REINSURANCE BUSINESS
Reinsurance is an arrangement whereby one or more insurance companies, the
'reinsurer,' agrees to indemnify another insurance company, the 'ceding
company,' for all or part of the insurance risks underwritten by the ceding
company. Reinsurance can provide certain basic benefits to the ceding company.
It reduces net liability on individual risks, thereby enabling the ceding
company to underwrite more business than its own resources can support; it
provides catastrophe protection to lessen the impact of large or multiple
losses; it stabilizes results by leveling fluctuations in the ceding company's
loss ratio; and it helps the ceding company maintain acceptable surplus and
reserve ratios.
There are two major classes of reinsurance: treaty reinsurance and
facultative reinsurance. Treaty reinsurance is a contractual arrangement that
provides for the automatic reinsuring of a type or category of risk underwritten
by the ceding company. Facultative reinsurance is the reinsurance of individual
risks. Rather than agreeing to reinsure all or a portion of a class of risk, the
reinsurer separately rates and underwrites each risk. Facultative reinsurance is
normally purchased to cover risks not covered by treaty reinsurance or for
individual risks covered by reinsurance treaties that are in need of capacity
beyond that provided by such treaties.
A ceding company's reinsurance program may involve pro rata and
excess-of-loss reinsurance on both a treaty and facultative basis. Under pro
rata reinsurance (also referred to as proportional), the ceding company and the
reinsurer share the premiums as well as the losses and expenses in an agreed
proportion. Under excess-of-loss reinsurance, the reinsurer agrees to reimburse
the ceding company for all losses in excess of a predetermined amount up to a
predetermined limit. Premiums paid by the ceding company to the reinsurer for
excess-of-loss coverage are generally not proportional to the premiums that the
ceding company receives because the reinsurer does not assume a proportionate
risk.
In pro rata reinsurance, the reinsurer generally pays the ceding company a
ceding commission. Generally, the ceding commission is based on the ceding
company's cost of obtaining the business being reinsured (i.e., brokers' and
agents' commissions, local taxes and administrative expenses). There is usually
no ceding commission on excess-of-loss reinsurance and therefore the pricing
mechanism used by reinsurers is a rate applicable to premiums of the individual
policy or policies subject to the reinsurance agreement.
In general, casualty insurance protects the insured against financial loss
arising out of its obligation to others for loss or damage to their person or
property. Property insurance protects the insured against financial loss arising
out of the loss of property or its use caused by an insured peril. Property and
casualty reinsurance protects the ceding company against loss to the extent of
the reinsurance coverage provided. A greater degree of unpredictability is
generally associated with casualty risks and catastrophe-exposed property risks,
and there tends to be a greater lag in the reporting and settlement of casualty
reinsurance claims, due to the nature of casualty risks and their greater
potential for litigation.
GENERAL
TRH reinsures risks from a broad spectrum of industries throughout the
United States and foreign countries. A portion of the reinsurance written by TRH
is assumed from AIG and its subsidiaries (the 'AIG Group') and therefore
reflects their underwriting philosophy and diversified insurance products.
Approximately $184 million (11%), $167 million (11%) and $181 million (12%) of
gross premiums written by TRH in the years 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively,
were attributable to reinsurance
2
purchased by the AIG Group. (For a discussion of TRH's business with the AIG
Group, see 'Relationship with the AIG Group.')
In 1999, TRH's activities in the United States were conducted through its
worldwide headquarters in New York and its regional office in Chicago. All
domestic treaty business is underwritten by, or under the close supervision of,
senior officers of TRH located in New York. TRH's headquarters in New York, the
Miami office (underwriting business from Latin America and the Caribbean) and
international offices in Toronto, London, Paris, Zurich, Hong Kong and Tokyo can
offer treaty as well as facultative reinsurance. In addition, TRH operates
representative offices in Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Warsaw (opened in early
2000) and Shanghai. In addition, in late 1998, TRH entered into an exclusive
arrangement with a representative agency in Johannesburg, South Africa. Non-U.S.
business (representing risks underwritten by the Miami office and the other
international offices) accounted for approximately 50%, 49% and 48% of worldwide
net premiums written in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. (See Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Management's Discussion) for a discussion of premium fluctuations between years
and Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for financial data by
business segment.) In addition, London branch net premiums written (a component
of non-U.S. business) totaled $323.4 million, $304.4 million and $274.1 million
in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively, and represented 22%, 22% and 21%,
respectively, of worldwide net premiums written in those years. (For a
discussion of certain conditions associated with international business see
'Regulation' and Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
Casualty reinsurance constitutes the larger portion of TRH's business,
accounting for 75% of net premiums written in 1999, 71% in 1998 and 67% in 1997.
As a general matter, due to the longer period of time necessary to settle
casualty claims, casualty reinsurance underwriting tends to involve variables
(such as those discussed in the paragraph immediately following) that are not as
predictable as those in property reinsurance underwriting. The greater degree of
uncertainty associated with casualty business as a result of these variables may
produce a more volatile result over a period of time, although property
reinsurance, including property catastrophe business, is also subject to
significant year to year volatility due to major natural disasters. In 1999 and
1998, catastrophe losses totaled $85 million and $20 million, respectively.
There were no significant catastrophe losses included in the 1997 results. (See
Management's Discussion.) TRH also seeks to focus on more complex risks within
the casualty and property lines, and to adjust its mix of business to take
advantage of market opportunities.
In general, the overall operating results (including investment performance)
and other changes to stockholders' equity of property and casualty insurance and
reinsurance companies, and TRH, in particular, are subject to significant
fluctuations due to competition, catastrophic events, economic and social
conditions, foreign currency rate fluctuations, interest rates and other
factors, such as changes in tax laws, tort laws and the regulatory environment.
3
The following table presents certain underwriting information concerning
TRH's casualty and property business for the periods indicated:(5)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------
NET PREMIUMS WRITTEN NET PREMIUMS EARNED
------------------------------ ------------------------------
1999 1998 1997 1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(dollars in millions)
Casualty
Auto liability(2)............. $ 320.5 $ 270.9 $ 223.9 $ 308.2 $ 273.0 $ 201.8
Other liability(1)(2)(3)...... 254.4 274.7 185.9 256.4 248.2 187.9
Ocean marine and
aviation(2)(3)(4)............ 149.1 190.3 179.5 146.6 192.8 180.5
Medical malpractice(3)........ 135.5 90.3 129.8 141.9 91.7 133.0
Accident and health(2)........ 137.7 63.3 34.8 130.9 69.8 27.3
Surety, credit and financial
guaranty(2)(4)............... 71.4 63.0 66.4 70.7 65.4 58.7
Other(4)...................... 52.1 37.3 48.0 45.0 40.9 40.4
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total casualty............. 1,120.7 989.8 868.3 1,099.7 981.8 829.6
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Property
Fire.......................... 182.9 168.9 205.8 177.8 176.8 210.4
Allied lines(2)(3)............ 44.1 69.4 59.6 44.6 68.5 69.8
Homeowners multiple peril..... 58.7 57.9 71.4 62.9 64.2 55.2
Auto physical damage.......... 42.6 64.2 45.2 47.5 44.3 44.0
Other(4)...................... 49.5 43.5 43.8 52.1 45.0 50.3
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total property............. 377.8 403.9 425.8 384.9 398.8 429.7
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total................... $1,498.5 $1,393.7 $1,294.1 $1,484.6 $1,380.6 $1,259.3
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
NET LOSS AND LOSS
LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE
ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES RATIO
---------------------------- ----------------------
1999 1998 1997 1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(dollars in millions)
Casualty
Auto liability(2)............. $ 275.9 $ 212.6 $161.6 89.5 77.9 80.1
Other liability(1)(2)(3)...... 93.1 149.2 141.9 36.3 60.1 75.5
Ocean marine and
aviation(2)(3)(4)............ 97.8 194.5 147.1 66.7 100.9 81.5
Medical malpractice(3)........ 118.9 39.3 113.0 83.8 42.9 84.9
Accident and health(2)........ 117.8 56.3 18.8 90.0 80.6 68.8
Surety, credit and financial
guaranty(2)(4)............... 57.4 57.0 50.1 81.3 87.2 85.3
Other(4)...................... 39.2 18.8 19.8 87.1 46.1 49.0
-------- -------- ------
Total casualty............. 800.1 727.7 652.3 72.8 74.1 78.6
-------- -------- ------
Property
Fire.......................... 188.5 138.6 149.3 106.1 78.4 71.0
Allied lines(2)(3)............ 66.2 38.1 39.3 148.4 55.6 56.3
Homeowners multiple peril..... 36.2 47.0 36.8 57.5 73.2 66.5
Auto physical damage.......... 31.9 39.7 32.1 67.1 89.6 72.9
Other(4)...................... 25.9 29.8 23.2 49.7 66.2 46.3
-------- -------- ------
Total property............. 348.7 293.2 280.7 90.6 73.5 65.3
-------- -------- ------
Total................... $1,148.8 $1,020.9 $933.0 77.4 73.9 74.1
-------- -------- ------
-------- -------- ------
- ---------
(1) A significant portion of this line includes more complex risks such as
professional liability (other than medical malpractice), directors' and
officers' liability, errors and omissions and environmental impairment
liability.
(2) In 1999, development on reserves held at December 31, 1998 significantly
decreased the loss ratios in other liability and in ocean marine and
aviation and significantly increased the loss ratios in auto liability,
accident and health, surety, credit and financial guaranty, and allied
lines.
(3) In 1998, development on reserves held at December 31, 1997 significantly
decreased the loss ratios in other liability, medical malpractice and allied
lines and significantly increased the loss ratios in ocean marine and
aviation.
(4) In 1997, development on reserves held at December 31, 1996 significantly
decreased the loss ratios in other casualty and other property and
significantly increased the loss ratios in ocean marine and aviation and in
surety, credit and financial guaranty.
(5) See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations for a discussion of TRH's underwriting components.
Treaty reinsurance constitutes the great majority of TRH's business,
accounting for 97%, 95% and 94% of net premiums written in 1999, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
4
The following table presents certain information concerning TRH's treaty and
facultative business for the periods indicated:
TREATY
------------------------------
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1999(1) 1998(2) 1997
------- ------- ----
(in millions)
Gross premiums written................................. $1,570.4 $1,438.5 $1,323.5
Net premiums written................................... 1,448.1 1,320.2 1,214.4
Net premiums earned.................................... 1,427.5 1,311.1 1,163.9
FACULTATIVE
------------------------------
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in millions)
Gross premiums written................................. $120.3 $128.4 $139.8
Net premiums written................................... 50.4 73.5 79.7
Net premiums earned.................................... 57.1 69.5 95.4
- ---------
(1) In 1999 compared to 1998, international treaty premiums increased
significantly in auto liability, accident and health and property lines, and
decreased significantly in the ocean marine line. Domestic treaty premiums
increased significantly in certain specialty casualty classes (particularly
accident and health and medical malpractice lines) and decreased
significantly in property (due, in large part, to an increase in reinsurance
ceded) and aviation lines.
(2) In 1998 compared to 1997, international treaty premiums increased in
specialty casualty classes (particularly other professional liability, which
is included in other liability), auto physical damage, auto liability and
aircraft lines, and decreased in the fire line. Domestic treaty premiums
increased in the auto liability line (including nonstandard risks) and
certain specialty casualty classes (particularly other professional
liability and accident and health lines) and decreased in the medical
malpractice line.
TREATY REINSURANCE
Treaty reinsurance accounted for approximately $1,570.4 million of gross
premiums written and $1,448.1 million of net premiums written in 1999,
approximately 75% of which resulted from casualty lines treaties, with the
remainder from property lines treaties. Approximately 65% of treaty gross
premiums written in 1999 represented treaty reinsurance written on a pro rata
basis and the balance represented treaty reinsurance written on an
excess-of-loss basis. Approximately 8% of treaty gross premiums written in 1999
were attributable to the AIG Group. Such premiums were primarily written on a
pro rata basis. The majority of TRH's non-AIG Group treaty premiums were also
written on a pro rata basis. As pro rata business is a proportional sharing of
premiums and losses among ceding company and reinsurer, generally, the
underwriting results of such business more closely reflect the underwriting
results of the business ceded than do the results of excess-of-loss business.
TRH's treaty business consists primarily of lines of business within other
liability (including directors' and officers' liability and other professional
liability), auto liability (including nonstandard risks), ocean marine and
aviation, medical malpractice, accident and health, surety and credit, fire and
allied lines. A significant portion of TRH's business within these lines
(primarily other liability, medical malpractice and accident and health) is
derived from certain more complex risks. TRH also underwrites non-traditional
reinsurance, which blends funding characteristics with more traditional risk
transfer.
TRH's treaty underwriting process emphasizes a team approach between TRH's
underwriters, actuaries and claims staff, as appropriate. Treaties are reviewed
for compliance with TRH's underwriting guidelines and objectives and certain
larger treaties are evaluated in part based upon actuarial analyses conducted by
TRH. The generic actuarial models used in such analyses are tailored in each
case to the exposures and experience underlying the specific treaty and the loss
experience for the risks covered thereunder. TRH also at times conducts
underwriting audits at the offices of a prospective ceding company before
entering into major treaties, because reinsurers, including TRH, do not
separately evaluate each of the individual risks assumed under their treaties
and, consequently, are largely dependent on the original underwriting decisions
made by the ceding company. Such dependence subjects TRH, and reinsurers in
general, to the possibility that the ceding companies have not adequately
evaluated the risks to be reinsured and, therefore, that the premiums ceded in
connection therewith may not adequately compensate the reinsurer for the risk
assumed.
5
TRH offers brokers full service with large capacity for both casualty and
property risks. For non-AIG business, TRH generally seeks to lead treaty
arrangements. The lead reinsurer on a treaty generally accepts one of the
largest percentage shares of the treaty and represents the other participating
reinsurers in negotiating price, terms and conditions. TRH believes that this
strategy has enabled it to influence more effectively the terms and conditions
of the treaties in which it has participated. TRH has generally not set terms
and conditions as lead underwriter with respect to AIG Group treaty reinsurance,
although it may do so in the future. When TRH does not lead the treaty, it may
still suggest changes to any aspect of the treaty. In either case, TRH may
reject any treaty business offered to it by the AIG Group or others based upon
its assessment of all relevant factors. Such factors include type and level of
risk assumed, actuarial and underwriting judgment with respect to rate adequacy,
various treaty terms, prior and anticipated loss experience on the treaty, prior
business experience with the ceding company, overall financial position,
operating results and Best's, S&P and Moody's ratings of the ceding company and
social, legal, regulatory, environmental and general economic conditions
affecting the risks assumed or the ceding company.
TRH currently has approximately 4,830 treaties in effect for the current
underwriting year. In 1999, no single treaty exceeded 3% of treaty gross
premiums written. No ceding company accounted for more than 4% of total treaty
gross premiums written in 1999 other than AIG Group companies (see 'Relationship
with the AIG Group') and members of Lloyd's of London, which accounted for 8% of
treaty gross premiums written.
Non-U.S. treaty business accounted for approximately 48% of TRH's total net
premiums written for the year ended December 31, 1999.
FACULTATIVE REINSURANCE
During 1999, TRH wrote approximately $120.3 million of gross premiums
written and $50.4 million of net premiums written of facultative reinsurance,
approximately 65% of which represented casualty risks with the balance
comprising property risks. The majority of facultative gross premiums written in
1999 represented facultative reinsurance written on an excess-of-loss basis.
Facultative coverages are generally offered for most lines of business. However,
the great majority of premiums are within the other liability (including more
complex risks) and fire lines. Underwriting expenses associated with facultative
business are generally higher in proportion to related premiums than those
associated with treaty business, reflecting, among other things, the more
labor-intensive nature of underwriting and servicing facultative business.
Approximately 54% of facultative gross premiums written in 1999 were
attributable to AIG Group companies. Except for AIG Group companies, no single
ceding company accounted for more than 4% of total facultative gross premiums
written in 1999. Non-U.S. facultative business accounted for approximately 2% of
TRH's total net premiums written for the year ended December 31, 1999.
RETENTION LEVELS AND RETROCESSION ARRANGEMENTS
TRH enters into retrocession arrangements for many of the same reasons
primary insurers seek reinsurance, including reducing the effect of individual
or aggregate losses and increasing gross premium writings and risk capacity
without requiring additional capital.
6
Under TRH's underwriting guidelines and retrocession arrangements in effect
at the end of 1999, the maximum net amounts generally retained per risk, the
maximum amounts retroceded and the maximum gross capacities are set forth in the
table below.
MAXIMUM
MAXIMUM NET MAXIMUM GROSS
RETENTION RETROCESSION CAPACITY
--------- ------------ --------
(in millions)
Property
Treaty
Catastrophe excess-of-loss............. $18 $12 $30
Other.................................. 20 10 30
Facultative................................ 2 38 40
Casualty
Treaty
Marine and aviation.................... 5 30 35
Other.................................. 8 2 10
Facultative................................ 8 2 10
For 2000, TRH is protected by catastrophe reinsurance agreements that would
generally result in a maximum net retention by TRH of $35 million per
occurrence, with a property catastrophe limit of up to $200 million.
Average gross lines and net retentions on risks assumed historically have
been smaller than the maximums permissible under the underwriting guidelines.
Underwriting guidelines, including gross lines and net retention levels, may be
changed and limited exceptions are made by TRH from time to time.
Retrocession arrangements do not relieve TRH from its obligations to the
insurers and reinsurers from whom it assumes business. The failure of
retrocessionnaires to honor their obligations could result in losses to TRH. TRH
holds substantial amounts of funds and letters of credit to collateralize
reinsurance recoverables. Such funds and letters of credit can be drawn on for
amounts remaining unpaid beyond contract terms. In addition, an allowance has
been established for estimated unrecoverable amounts.
As of December 31, 1999, TRH had in place approximately 80 active
retrocessional arrangements for current and prior underwriting years with 353
retrocessionnaires, and reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses
totaled $568.6 million. (See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements for amounts recoverable from AIG Group companies.)
MARKETING
TRH provides property and casualty reinsurance capacity through brokers and
directly to insurance and reinsurance companies in both the domestic and
international markets. TRH believes its worldwide network of offices and its
relationship with the AIG Group help position TRH to take advantage of market
opportunities.
AIG Group business is obtained directly from the ceding company. No ceding
company, other than the AIG Group companies, has accounted for more than 10% of
TRH's revenues in any of the last five years.
Non-AIG Group treaty business is produced primarily through brokers, while
non-AIG Group facultative business is produced both directly and through
brokers. In 1999, approximately 83% of TRH's non-AIG Group business was written
through brokers and the balance was written directly. Companies controlled by
Aon Corporation and Marsh and McLennan Companies, TRH's largest brokerage
sources of non-AIG Group business, each accounted for 14% of TRH's consolidated
revenues and 15% of gross premiums written in 1999. In addition, TRH's largest
10 brokers accounted for non-AIG Group business aggregating approximately 54% of
such gross premiums written. Brokerage fees generally are paid by reinsurers.
TRH believes that its emphasis on seeking the lead position in non-AIG Group
reinsurance treaties in which it participates is beneficial in obtaining
business.
7
Brokers do not have the authority to bind TRH with respect to reinsurance
agreements, nor does TRH commit in advance to accept any portion of the business
that brokers submit to it. Reinsurance business from any ceding company, whether
new or renewal, is subject to acceptance by TRH.
Effective January 1, 1995, TRC and Putnam entered into a quota share
reinsurance agreement whereby TRC ceded 5% of its total reinsurance liabilities,
net of retrocessions, to Putnam. Thereafter, TRC cedes 5% of its assumed
reinsurance, net of other retrocessions, to Putnam pursuant to this quota share
reinsurance agreement. Presently all of Putnam's business is assumed from TRC
pursuant to this quota share reinsurance agreement. This agreement was entered
into for operational reasons and had no impact on TRH's financial position or
results of operations.
CLAIMS
Claims are managed by TRH's professional claims staff whose responsibilities
include the review of initial loss reports, creation of claim files,
determination of whether further investigation is required, establishment and
adjustment of case reserves and payment of claims. In addition to claims
assessment, processing and payment, the claims staff conducts comprehensive
claims audits of both specific claims and overall claims procedures at the
offices of selected ceding companies, which TRH believes benefit all parties to
the reinsurance arrangement. Claims audits are conducted in the ordinary course
of business. In certain instances, a claims audit may be performed prior to
assuming reinsurance business.
RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
Significant periods of time may elapse between the occurrence of an insured
loss, the reporting of the loss to the ceding company and the reinsurer, and the
ceding company's payment of that loss and subsequent payments to the ceding
company by the reinsurer. To recognize liabilities for unpaid losses and loss
adjustment expenses (LAE), insurers and reinsurers establish reserves, which are
balance sheet liabilities representing estimates of future amounts needed to pay
claims and related expenses with respect to insured events which have occurred
on or before the balance sheet date, including events which have not been
reported to the ceding company.
Upon receipt of a notice of claim from the ceding company, TRH establishes
its own case reserve for the estimated amount of the ultimate settlement, if
any. Case reserves usually are based upon the amount of reserves recommended by
the ceding company and may be supplemented by additional amounts as deemed
necessary. In certain instances, TRH establishes case reserves even when the
ceding company does not report any liability to the reinsurer.
TRH also establishes reserves to provide for the estimated expenses of
settling claims, including legal and other fees, and the general expenses of
administering the claims adjustment process (i.e., LAE), and the losses and loss
adjustment expenses incurred but not reported (IBNR). TRH calculates LAE and
IBNR reserves by using generally accepted actuarial reserving techniques to
project the ultimate liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses. Such
reserves are periodically revised by TRH to adjust for changes in the expected
loss development pattern over time. TRH has an in-house actuarial staff which
periodically reviews its loss reserves, and therefore does not retain any
outside actuarial firm to review its loss reserves.
Losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of related reinsurance recoverable,
are charged to income as incurred. Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
represent the accumulation of case reserves and IBNR. Provisions for inflation
and 'social inflation' (e.g., awards by judges and juries which progressively
increase in size at a rate exceeding that of general inflation) are implicitly
considered in the overall reserve setting process as an element of the numerous
judgments which are made as to expected trends in average claim severity.
Legislative changes may also affect TRH's liabilities, and evaluation of the
impact of such changes is made in the reserve setting process.
The methods of determining estimates for reported and unreported losses and
establishing resulting reserves and related reinsurance recoverable are
continually reviewed and updated, and adjustments resulting therefrom are
reflected in income currently. The process relies upon the basic assumption that
past experience, adjusted for the effect of current developments and likely
trends, is an appropriate basis for predicting future events. However,
estimation of loss reserves is a difficult process, especially in view of
changes in the legal and tort environment which impact the development of loss
reserves and
8
therefore quantitative techniques frequently have to be supplemented by
subjective considerations and managerial judgment. In addition, trends that have
affected development of liabilities in the past may not necessarily occur or
affect liability development to the same degree in the future.
While the reserving process is difficult and subjective for the ceding
companies, the inherent uncertainties of estimating such reserves are even
greater for the reinsurer, due primarily to the longer-term nature of most
reinsurance business, the diversity of development patterns among different
types of reinsurance treaties or facultative contracts, the necessary reliance
on the ceding companies for information regarding reported claims and differing
reserving practices among ceding companies. Thus, actual losses and loss
adjustment expenses may deviate, perhaps substantially, from estimates of
reserves reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements.
During the loss settlement period, which can be many years in duration,
additional facts regarding individual claims and trends usually become known. As
these become apparent, it usually becomes necessary to refine and adjust the
reserves upward or downward and even then the ultimate net liability may be less
than or greater than the revised estimates. TRH does not otherwise adjust
downward those claims reported to it by ceding companies or discount any of its
reserves for reported or unreported claims in any line of its business for
anticipated investment income.
Included in TRH's reserves are amounts related to environmental impairment
and asbestos-related illnesses, which, net of related reinsurance recoverable,
totaled $75 million and $69 million as of December 31, 1999 and 1998,
respectively. The majority of TRH's environmental and asbestos-related
liabilities arise from contracts entered into after 1984 and underwritten
specifically as environmental or asbestos-related coverages rather than as
standard general liability coverages where the environmental or asbestos-related
liabilities were neither clearly defined nor specifically excluded. Significant
uncertainty exists as to the ultimate settlement of these liabilities since,
among other things, there are inconsistent court resolutions with respect to
underlying policy intent and coverage and uncertainties as to the allocation of
responsibility for resultant damages. (See Management's Discussion and
Note 2(e) of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.)
The 'Analysis of Consolidated Net Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserve
Development' which follows presents the development of balance sheet loss and
loss adjustment expense reserves for calendar years 1989 through 1999. The upper
half of the table shows the cumulative amounts paid during successive years
related to the opening reserve. For example, with respect to the net loss and
loss adjustment expense reserve of $1,064.2 million as of December 31, 1990, by
the end of 1999 (nine years later) $807.8 million had actually been paid in
settlement of those reserves. In addition, as reflected in the lower section of
the table, the original reserve of $1,064.2 million was reestimated to be
$1,073.0 million at December 31, 1999. This change from the original estimate
would normally result from a combination of a number of factors, including
losses being settled for different amounts than originally estimated. The
original estimates will also be increased or decreased as more information
becomes known about the individual claims and overall claim frequency and
severity patterns. The net deficiency or redundancy depicted in the table, for
any particular calendar year, shows the aggregate change in estimates over the
period of years subsequent to the calendar year reflected at the top of the
respective columns. For example, the net redundancy of $84.4 million at
December 31, 1999 related to December 31, 1993 net loss and loss adjustment
expense reserves of $1,503.4 million, represents the cumulative amount by which
net reserves for 1993 have developed favorably from 1994 through 1999.
Each amount other than the original reserves in the table below includes the
effects of all changes in amounts for prior periods. For example, if a loss
settled in 1992 for $150,000 was first reserved in 1989 at $100,000 and remained
unchanged until settlement, the $50,000 deficiency (actual loss minus original
estimate) would be included in the cumulative net deficiency in each of the
years in the period 1989 through 1991 shown in the following table. Conditions
and trends that have affected development of liability in the past may not
necessarily occur in the future. Accordingly, it may not be appropriate to
extrapolate future development based on this table.
9
ANALYSIS OF CONSOLIDATED NET LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE RESERVE
DEVELOPMENT(1)(2)(3)
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Net unpaid losses and
loss adjustment
expenses,
December 31:(4)....... $889,742 $1,064,214 $1,241,160 $1,386,092 $1,503,389 $1,727,380 $1,985,786 $2,383,528
Paid (cumulative) as
of:
One year later...... 170,680 190,484 198,463 281,641 312,923 338,947 396,647 549,635
Two years later..... 303,175 336,547 396,739 497,557 506,681 594,508 685,485 765,380
Three years later... 383,518 443,578 526,776 633,737 681,388 797,841 855,809 1,055,551
Four years later.... 460,239 534,824 614,555 760,091 824,468 899,232 1,058,296
Five years later.... 519,814 586,303 699,667 851,734 885,415 1,033,595
Six years later..... 550,019 645,657 770,270 922,778 986,263
Seven years later... 599,451 703,101 825,981 1,003,942
Eight years later... 643,240 750,275 891,845
Nine years later.... 678,641 807,819
Ten years later..... 722,542
Net liability
reestimated as of:(4)
End of year......... 889,742 1,064,214 1,241,160 1,386,092 1,503,389 1,727,380 1,985,786 2,383,528
One year later...... 887,830 1,062,280 1,238,929 1,409,008 1,518,361 1,723,926 1,978,062 2,368,965
Two years later..... 887,991 1,072,552 1,250,809 1,425,146 1,516,299 1,729,924 1,961,041 2,289,951
Three years later... 909,820 1,084,635 1,260,763 1,426,424 1,522,635 1,718,844 1,885,897 2,171,127
Four years later.... 928,640 1,095,054 1,268,476 1,437,271 1,511,825 1,657,393 1,784,560
Five years later.... 942,530 1,102,404 1,269,583 1,426,466 1,468,903 1,580,256
Six years later..... 947,862 1,110,499 1,252,455 1,394,401 1,418,959
Seven years later... 963,041 1,096,961 1,226,855 1,362,585
Eight years later... 956,346 1,085,248 1,197,790
Nine years later.... 953,892 1,072,967
Ten years later..... 951,348
Net (deficiency)
redundancy......... $(61,606) $ (8,753) $ 43,370 $ 23,507 $ 84,430 $ 147,124 $ 201,226 $ 212,401
1997 1998 1999
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Net unpaid losses and
loss adjustment
expenses,
December 31:(4)....... $2,522,728 $2,656,103 $2,762,162
Paid (cumulative) as
of:
One year later...... 543,539 702,603
Two years later..... 963,055
Three years later...
Four years later....
Five years later....
Six years later.....
Seven years later...
Eight years later...
Nine years later....
Ten years later.....
Net liability
reestimated as of:(4)
End of year......... 2,522,728 2,656,103 2,762,162
One year later...... 2,463,239 2,588,626
Two years later..... 2,369,885
Three years later...
Four years later....
Five years later....
Six years later.....
Seven years later...
Eight years later...
Nine years later....
Ten years later.....
Net (deficiency)
redundancy......... $ 152,843 $ 67,477
- ---------
(1) This table excludes data related to TRZ, a non-U.S. subsidiary acquired in
the third quarter of 1996, for 1995 and prior years as such data is not
available.
(2) This table is on a calendar year basis and does not present accident or
underwriting year data.
(3) Data have been affected by transactions between TRH and the AIG Group. (See
'Relationship with the AIG Group' and Notes 10 and 12 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.)
(4) Represents gross liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
net of related reinsurance recoverable.
10
ANALYSIS OF NET UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
AND NET REESTIMATED LIABILITY(1)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
End of year:
Gross liability....... $1,769,486 $1,890,178 $2,167,316 $2,388,155 $2,733,055 $2,918,782 $3,116,038 $3,304,931
Related reinsurance
recoverable......... 383,394 386,789 439,936 402,369 349,527 396,054 459,935 542,769
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net liability..... $1,386,092 $1,503,389 $1,727,380 $1,985,786 $2,383,528 $2,522,728 $2,656,103 $2,762,162
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
One year later:
Gross reestimated
liability........... $1,807,550 $1,930,343 $2,138,947 $2,326,770 $2,755,288 $2,864,610 $3,083,643
Reestimated related
reinsurance
recoverable......... 398,542 411,982 415,021 348,708 386,323 401,371 495,017
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net reestimated
liability....... $1,409,008 $1,518,361 $1,723,926 $1,978,062 $2,368,965 $2,463,239 $2,588,626
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Two years later:
Gross reestimated
liability........... $1,857,100 $1,945,407 $2,091,724 $2,340,639 $2,664,858 $2,776,598
Reestimated related
reinsurance
recoverable......... 431,954 429,108 361,800 379,598 374,907 406,713
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net reestimated
liability....... $1,425,146 $1,516,299 $1,729,924 $1,961,041 $2,289,951 $2,369,885
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Three years later:
Gross reestimated
liability........... $1,875,877 $1,894,754 $2,110,823 $2,246,095 $2,568,103
Reestimated related
reinsurance
recoverable......... 449,453 372,119 391,979 360,198 396,976
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net reestimated
liability....... $1,426,424 $1,522,635 $1,718,844 $1,885,897 $2,171,127
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Four years later:
Gross reestimated
liability........... $1,818,521 $1,909,734 $2,034,135 $2,166,178
Reestimated related
reinsurance
recoverable......... 381,250 397,909 376,742 381,618
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net reestimated
liability....... $1,437,271 $1,511,825 $1,657,393 $1,784,560
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Five years later:
Gross reestimated
liability........... $1,849,050 $1,881,933 $1,978,270
Reestimated related
reinsurance
recoverable......... 422,584 413,030 398,014
---------- ---------- ----------
Net reestimated
liability....... $1,426,466 $1,468,903 $1,580,256
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
Six years later:
Gross reestimated
liability........... $1,828,676 $1,854,711
Reestimated related
reinsurance
recoverable......... 434,275 435,752
---------- ----------
Net reestimated
liability....... $1,394,401 $1,418,959
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Seven years later:
Gross reestimated
liability........... $1,820,674
Reestimated related
reinsurance
recoverable......... 458,089
----------
Net reestimated
liability....... $1,362,585
----------
----------
Gross (deficiency)
redundancy as of
December 31, 1999....... $ (51,188) $ 35,467 $ 189,046 $ 221,977 $ 164,952 $ 142,184 $ 32,395
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
- ---------
(1) This table excludes data related to TRZ for 1995 and prior years.
11
The trend depicted in the latest development year in the reestimated net
liability portion of the 'Analysis of Consolidated Net Loss and Loss Adjustment
Expense Reserve Development' table and in the 'Analysis of Net Unpaid Losses and
Loss Adjustment Expenses and Net Reestimated Liability' table reflects net
favorable development. Net favorable development of $67.5 million was recorded
in 1999 on losses occurring in prior years. (See Management's Discussion.)
In general, the majority of the redundancies shown in the table in more
recent years result from favorable development of reserves in the other
liability line for losses occurring since 1986, partially offset by continued
adverse development of reserves in the other liability line for losses occurring
prior to 1984. Adverse development of losses occurring in the early 1980s was
common throughout the industry and was caused by a number of industry and
external factors which combined to drive loss frequency and severity to
unexpectedly high levels.
The length of time needed for reserves to be ultimately paid has generally
been decreasing over the past ten years due, in large part, to a shift in the
business mix towards lines with shorter loss payment patterns and, from 1992
through 1995, the return of loss and loss adjustment expense reserves associated
with the reduced participation in one of TRH's then largest assumed treaties.
The following table presents a reconciliation of beginning and ending net
reserve balances for the years indicated. For domestic subsidiaries, there is no
difference in reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses net of
reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses whether
determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States or statutory accounting principles.
RECONCILIATION OF RESERVE
FOR NET LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Reserve for net unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses at beginning of year(1)....................... $2,656,103 $2,522,728 $2,383,528
---------- ---------- ----------
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred in
respect of losses occurring in:
Current year......................................... 1,216,294 1,080,377 947,578
Prior years.......................................... (67,477) (59,489) (14,563)
---------- ---------- ----------
Total............................................ 1,148,817 1,020,888 933,015
---------- ---------- ----------
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses paid in respect
of losses occurring in:
Current year......................................... 340,155 343,974 244,180
Prior years.......................................... 702,603 543,539 549,635
---------- ---------- ----------
Total............................................ 1,042,758 887,513 793,815
---------- ---------- ----------
Reserve for net unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses at end of year(1)............................. $2,762,162 $2,656,103 $2,522,728
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
- ---------
(1) In TRH's balance sheet and in accordance with Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 113, unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses are presented before deduction of related reinsurance recoverable.
(See Notes 2 and 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
In 1999 and 1998, as compared to 1997, the increase in current year paid
losses is attributable, in large part, to increases in premium volume and a
shift in the business mix to lines with shorter payment patterns in recent
years, and an increase in catastrophe losses paid. (See Management's Discussion
for further analysis of incurred and paid loss activity.)
INVESTMENT OPERATIONS
TRH's investments must comply with the insurance laws of the state of New
York, the state of domicile of TRC and Putnam, and of the other states and
jurisdictions in which the Company and its
12
subsidiaries are regulated. These laws prescribe the kind, quality and
concentration of investments which may be made by insurance companies. In
general, these laws permit investments, within specified limits and subject to
certain qualifications, in federal, state and municipal obligations, corporate
bonds, preferred and common stocks, real estate mortgages and real estate. The
Finance Committee of the Company's Board of Directors and senior management
oversee investments, establish TRH's investment strategy and implement
investment decisions with the assistance of certain AIG Group companies, which
act as financial advisors and managers of TRH's investment portfolio and, in
connection therewith, make the selection of particular investments. Other than
as set forth above, there are no guidelines or policies with respect to the
specific composition of TRH's overall investment portfolio or the composition of
its bond portfolio by rating or maturity. A significant portion of TRH's
domestic investments are in tax-exempt bonds.
TRH's current investment strategy seeks to maximize after-tax income through
a high quality diversified taxable bond and tax-exempt municipal bond portfolio,
while maintaining an adequate level of liquidity. TRH adjusts its mix of taxable
and tax-exempt investments, as appropriate, generally as a result of strategic
investment and tax planning considerations. During recent years, the yields on
bonds purchased have generally been lower than yields on bonds sold or otherwise
disposed of. Tax-exempt bonds carry lower pre-tax yields than taxable bonds that
are comparable in risk and term to maturity due to their tax-advantaged status.
(See Management's Discussion.) The equity portfolio is structured to achieve
capital appreciation primarily through investment in quality growth companies.
The great majority of other invested assets represent investments in
partnerships.
The following table reflects investment results for TRH for each of the five
years in the period ended December 31, 1999.
INVESTMENT RESULTS
PRE-TAX NET PRE-TAX
AVERAGE INVESTMENT EFFECTIVE PRE-TAX REALIZED
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, INVESTMENTS(1) INCOME(2) YIELD(3) NET CAPITAL GAINS
- ------------------------ -------------- --------- -------- -----------------
(dollars in thousands)
1999....................................... $4,322,020 $230,739 5.3% $ 82,793
1998....................................... 4,149,932 222,000 5.3 120,899
1997....................................... 3,781,217 207,646 5.5 32,939
1996....................................... 3,286,514 192,636 5.9 18,668
1995....................................... 2,742,704 172,876 6.3 11,119
- ---------
(1) Average of the beginning and ending carrying values of investments and cash
for the year, excluding non-interest bearing cash. Bonds available for
sale, common stocks, nonredeemable preferred stocks and other invested
assets are carried at fair market value. Other bonds and redeemable
preferred stocks are carried at amortized cost.
(2) After investment expenses, excluding realized net capital gains.
(3) Pre-tax net investment income for the year divided by average investments
for the same year.
13
The following table summarizes the investments of TRH (on the basis of
carrying value) as of December 31, 1999:
BREAKDOWN OF
INVESTMENTS
----------------------
DECEMBER 31, 1999
----------------------
AMOUNT PERCENT
------ -------
(dollars in thousands)
Bonds held to maturity (at amortized cost):
Domestic and foreign municipal bonds.................... $1,062,968 25.1%
---------- -----
Bonds available for sale (at market value):
Corporate bonds......................................... 626,878 14.8
U.S. Government and government agency bonds............. 311,174 7.4
Foreign government bonds................................ 349,635 8.3
Domestic and foreign municipal bonds.................... 1,111,471 26.3
---------- -----
2,399,158 56.8
---------- -----
Preferred stocks............................................ 51,192 1.2
---------- -----
Common stocks............................................... 537,149 12.7
---------- -----
Other invested assets....................................... 173,043 4.1
---------- -----
Short-term investments...................................... 5,935 0.1
---------- -----
Total investments................................... $4,229,445 100.0%
---------- -----
---------- -----
The carrying value of bonds and equities available for sale are subject to
significant volatility from changes in their market values. (See Management's
Discussion.)
As of December 31, 1999, the market value of the total investment portfolio
was $4,250.2 million.
The following table indicates the composition of the bond portfolio of TRH
by rating as of December 31, 1999:
HELD TO AVAILABLE
BREAKDOWN OF BOND PORTFOLIO BY RATING MATURITY FOR SALE TOTAL
------------------------------------- -------- -------- -----
Aaa......................................................... 17.0% 44.8% 61.8%
Aa.......................................................... 12.5 17.2 29.7
A........................................................... 0.8 2.5 3.3
Baa......................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.6
Ba.......................................................... -- 1.0 1.0
B........................................................... -- 2.7 2.7
Ccc......................................................... -- 0.1 0.1
Not rated................................................... -- 0.8 0.8
---- ---- -----
Total................................................... 30.6% 69.4% 100.0%
---- ---- -----
---- ---- -----
At December 31, 1999, TRH had no real estate or derivative instruments. (See
Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
In addition, TRH's operations are exposed to market risk which could result
in the loss of fair market value resulting from adverse fluctuations in
interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. TRH has
performed a Value at Risk (VaR) analysis to determine the maximum loss of fair
value that could occur over a period of one month at a confidence level of 95%.
(See Management's Discussion).
COMPETITION
The reinsurance business is highly competitive in virtually all lines. With
certain limited exceptions, conditions (including pricing and contract terms) in
these lines have continued to weaken in recent years, though signs of firming
rates were evident in certain classes by the end of 1999. With the property and
casualty insurance and reinsurance industry just having completed its twelfth
consecutive year of generally soft market conditions, the Company cannot predict
with any reasonable certainty, if, when or to what extent market conditions as a
whole will improve.
14
TRH faces competition from new market entrants and from market participants
that devote greater amounts of capital to the types of business written by TRH.
In recent years, increased market capacity, significant domestic and
international merger and acquisition activity, and since 1996, the reemergence
of Lloyd's of London, have added to competitive pressures. The ultimate impact
on the market of these events is uncertain.
Competition in the types of reinsurance in which TRH is engaged is based on
many factors, including the perceived overall financial strength of the
reinsurer, Best's, S&P and Moody's ratings, the states or other jurisdictions
where the reinsurer is licensed, accredited, authorized or can serve as a
reinsurer, premiums charged, other terms and conditions of the reinsurance
offered, services offered, speed of claims payment and reputation and experience
in the lines of business underwritten.
TRH competes in the United States and international reinsurance markets with
numerous major international reinsurance companies and numerous domestic
reinsurance companies, some of which have greater financial and other resources
than TRH. While TRC and Putnam, on a combined basis, would rank 4th, on the
basis of statutory net premiums written, they are a less significant reinsurer
in international reinsurance markets. TRH's competitors include independent
reinsurance companies, subsidiaries or affiliates of established worldwide
insurance companies, reinsurance departments of certain primary insurance
companies and domestic and European underwriting syndicates. Many of these
competitors have been operating for substantially longer than TRH and have
established long-term and continuing business relationships throughout the
industry, which can be a significant competitive advantage. Although most
reinsurance companies operate in the broker market, most of TRH's largest
competitors work directly with ceding companies, competing with brokers.
According to the Reinsurance Association of America, there were 32 domestic
reinsurers for which results were reported in their quarterly survey as of
December 31, 1999.
TRH believes that the reinsurance industry, including the brokerage
industry, will continue to undergo further consolidation and, to
compete effectively, significant size and financial strength will remain a very
important factor.
EMPLOYEES
At December 31, 1999, TRH had approximately 380 employees. Approximately 190
employees were located in the New York headquarters; 35 employees were located
in Chicago and Miami (serving Latin America and the Caribbean) and 155 employees
were located in other international offices. None of TRH's employees in the
United States are represented by labor unions.
REGULATION
The rates and contract terms of reinsurance agreements are generally not
subject to regulation by any governmental authority. This contrasts with primary
insurance agreements, the rates and policy terms of which are generally closely
regulated by state insurance departments. As a practical matter, however, the
rates charged by primary insurers and the policy terms of primary insurance
agreements may affect the rates charged and the policy terms associated with
reinsurance agreements.
The Company, TRC, TRZ and Putnam are subject to the insurance statutes,
including insurance holding company statutes, of various states and
jurisdictions. The insurance holding company laws and regulations vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but generally require domestic insurance holding
companies and insurers and reinsurers that are subsidiaries of insurance holding
companies to register with the applicable state regulatory authority and to file
with that authority certain reports which provide information concerning their
capital structure, ownership, financial condition and general business
operations.
Such holding company laws generally also require prior regulatory agency
approval of changes in direct or indirect control of an insurer or reinsurer and
of certain material intercorporate transfers of assets within the holding
company structure. The New York Insurance Law provides that no corporation or
other person, except an authorized insurer, may acquire direct control of TRC or
Putnam, or acquire control of the Company and thus indirect control of TRC and
Putnam, unless such corporation or person has obtained the prior approval of the
New York Insurance Department for such acquisition. For the purposes of the New
York Insurance Law, any investor acquiring ten percent or
15
more of the Common Stock of the Company would be presumed to be acquiring
'control' of the Company and its subsidiaries, unless the New York Insurance
Department determines upon application that such investor would not control the
Company. An investor who would be deemed to be acquiring control of the Company
would be required to obtain the approval of the New York Insurance Department
prior to such acquisition. In addition, such investor would become subject to
various ongoing reporting requirements in New York and in certain other states.
TRC, TRZ and Putnam, in common with other reinsurers, are subject to
regulation and supervision by the states and by other jurisdictions in which
they do business. Within the United States, the method of such regulation varies
but generally has its source in statutes that delegate regulatory and
supervisory powers to an insurance official. The regulation and supervision
relate primarily to the standards of solvency that must be met and maintained,
including risk-based capital measurements, the licensing of reinsurance, the
nature of and limitations on investments, restrictions on the size of risks
which may be insured under a single contract, deposits of securities for the
benefit of ceding companies, methods of accounting, periodic audits of the
affairs and financial reports of insurance companies, the form and content of
reports of financial condition required to be filed, and reserves for unearned
premiums, losses and other purposes. In general, such regulation is for the
protection of the ceding companies and, ultimately, their policyholders rather
than securityholders.
Risk Based Capital (RBC) is designed to measure the adequacy of an insurer's
statutory surplus in relation to the risks inherent in its business. Thus,
inadequately capitalized insurance companies may be identified. The RBC formula
develops a risk adjusted target level of statutory surplus by applying certain
factors to various asset, premium and reserve items. Higher factors are applied
to items deemed to have more risk by the National Association of Insurance
Commissioners and lower factors are applied to items that are deemed to have
less risk. Thus, the target level of statutory surplus varies not only as a
result of the insurer's size, but also on the risk profile of the insurer's
operations. The RBC Model Law provides for four incremental levels of regulatory
attention for insurers whose surplus is below the calculated RBC target. These
levels of attention range in severity from requiring the insurer to submit a
plan for corrective action to placing the insurer under regulatory control. The
statutory surplus of each of the Company's domestic subsidiaries significantly
exceeded the risk-based capital requirements as of December 31, 1999.
Through the 'credit for reinsurance' mechanism, TRC and Putnam are
indirectly subject to the effects of regulatory requirements imposed by
jurisdictions in which TRC's and Putnam's ceding companies are licensed. In
general, an insurer which obtains reinsurance from a reinsurer that is licensed,
accredited or authorized by the state in which the insurer files statutory
financial statements is permitted to take a credit on its statutory financial
statements in an aggregate amount equal to the reinsurance recoverable on paid
losses and the liabilities for unearned premiums and loss and loss adjustment
expense reserves ceded to the reinsurer, subject to certain limitations where
amounts of reinsurance recoverable on paid losses are more than 90 days overdue.
Certain states impose additional requirements that make it difficult to become
so authorized, and certain states do not allow credit for reinsurance ceded to
reinsurers that are not licensed or accredited in that state without additional
provision for security.
In addition to licensing requirements, TRH's international operations are
also regulated in various jurisdictions with respect to currency, amount and
type of security deposits, amount and type of reserves and amount and type of
local investment, and are subject to local economic, political and social
conditions. In addition, TRH's results of operations and net unrealized currency
translation gain or loss (a component of accumulated other comprehensive income)
are subject to volatility as the value of the foreign currencies fluctuate
relative to the U.S. dollar. (See Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.) Regulations governing constitution of technical reserves and
remittance balances in some countries may hinder remittance of profits and
repatriation of assets.
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE AIG GROUP
AIG
AIG is a holding company which, through its subsidiaries, is primarily
engaged in a broad range of insurance and insurance-related activities and
financial services in the United States and abroad. U.S.-based property and
casualty insurance subsidiaries of AIG currently attain the highest rating
16
classification assigned by Best's and S&P. The AIG Group is one of the largest
purchasers of reinsurance in the insurance industry based on premiums ceded.
CONTROL OF THE COMPANY
In August 1998, AIG increased its beneficial ownership of the Company's
outstanding common stock from 49% to over 50%. As of December 31, 1999, AIG
beneficially owned approximately 59% of the Company's outstanding shares. Four
of the Company's 9 current directors, including the Chairman, are officers of
AIG and hold the following positions with AIG: Mr. Greenberg is a Director and
the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Mr. Matthews is a Director and Vice
Chairman; Mr. Smith is a Director and the Executive Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Comptroller and Mr. Tizzio is a Director and Senior Vice
Chairman.
AIG GROUP REINSURANCE
From 1977 through June 1990, TRH and AIG had an agreement granting TRH a
right of first acceptance to participate in substantially all property and
casualty reinsurance purchased by the AIG Group. AIG continues to grant TRH a
right of first acceptance under terms similar to those in effect under the above
mentioned agreement. TRH either accepts or rejects the AIG Group reinsurance
offered based upon TRH's assessment of risk selection, pricing, terms and
conditions. Historically, and with few exceptions, TRH has generally not set
terms and conditions as lead underwriter with respect to the AIG Group treaty
reinsurance; however, TRH may in the future set terms and conditions with
respect to such business as lead underwriter and intends that the terms and
conditions of any such reinsurance will be negotiated on an arms' length basis.
The operating management of TRH is not employed by the AIG Group, and the
Underwriting Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company, which includes
directors of the Company who are not employees of the AIG Group, monitor TRH's
underwriting policies.
Approximately $184 million (11%), $167 million (11%) and $181 million (12%)
of gross premiums written by TRH in the years 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively,
were attributable to reinsurance purchased by the AIG Group, for the production
of which TRH paid ceding commissions to the AIG Group of approximately $34
million, $31 million and $32 million, respectively, in such years. TRH has no
goal with respect to the proportion of AIG Group versus non-AIG Group business
it accepts. TRH's objective in determining its business mix is to evaluate each
underwriting opportunity individually with a view to maximizing overall
underwriting results.
TRH retroceded gross premiums written to the AIG Group in the years 1999,
1998 and 1997 of approximately $100.4 million, $93.4 million and $84.4 million,
respectively, and received ceding commissions of approximately $16.2 million,
$12.4 million and $8.4 million, respectively, for the production of such
business in such years.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 1999, one-half of the office space of TRH's New York
headquarters and its Toronto office are rented from AIG, which either owns the
property or leases it from others. The remaining office space of TRH's
headquarters and the Chicago, Miami, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, London,
Paris, Zurich, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo offices, are rented from third
parties. The leases for the office space occupied by TRH's New York headquarters
expire in 2005.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
TRH, in common with the reinsurance industry in general, is subject to
litigation in the normal course of its business. TRH does not believe that any
pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated
results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the
fourth quarter of 1999.
17
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The table below sets forth the names, positions and ages of the persons who
are the directors and executive officers of the Company as of March 23, 2000.
SERVED AS
DIRECTOR OR
NAME POSITION AGE OFFICER SINCE
---- -------- --- -------------
Robert F. Orlich..................... President, Chief Executive Officer 52 1990(1)
and Director
Paul A. Bonny........................ Executive Vice President, President 43 1994
International Operations
Steven S. Skalicky................... Executive Vice President, Chief 51 1995
Financial Officer
Javier E. Vijil...................... Executive Vice President, President 47 1996(2)
Latin American Division
Robert V. Mucci...................... Senior Vice President and Actuary 42 1990(1)
Gary A. Schwartz..................... Vice President and General Counsel 39 1999(3)
Elizabeth M. Tuck.................... Secretary 44 1991
M. R. Greenberg...................... Chairman of the Board 74 1986
James Balog.......................... Director 71 1988
C. Fred Bergsten..................... Director 58 1998
Ikuo Egashira........................ Director 69 1995
John J. Mackowski.................... Director 74 1990
Edward E. Matthews................... Director 68 1986
Howard I. Smith...................... Director 55 1994
Thomas R. Tizzio..................... Director 62 1990(1)
- ---------
(1) Prior to April 1990, such person was a director or an officer of TRC and
Putnam, but not of the Company.
(2) Mr. Vijil was elected Executive Vice President, President Latin American
Division of the Company in October 1998. From May 1996 to October 1998,
Mr. Vijil was a Senior Vice President of the Company. From November 1994 to
May 1996, Mr. Vijil was a Senior Vice President of TRC and Putnam, but not
of the Company. From August 1993 to November 1994, Mr. Vijil was an officer
of TRC and Putnam, but not of the Company.
(3) Mr. Schwartz was named Vice President and General Counsel of the Company by
action of the Executive Committee in July 1999, and by election of the Board
of Directors in October 1999. From March 1996 to July 1999, Mr. Schwartz was
a Vice President and Director of Taxation of TRC and Putnam, but not of the
Company. From September 1992 to March 1996, Mr. Schwartz was an Assistant
Vice President and Director of Taxation of TRC and Putnam, but not of the
Company.
Except as noted, each of the executive officers has, for more than five
years, occupied an executive position with the Company or companies that are now
its subsidiaries. For more than one year prior to joining the Company in
February 1995, Mr. Skalicky served as an officer of certain AIG Group companies,
with his most recent position as Assistant Vice President and Deputy
Comptroller, AIG. Since January 1991, Ms. Tuck has also served as the Secretary
of a number of AIG Group companies.
18
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
(a) The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices per
share of the Company's Common Stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange
Composite Tape for each of the four quarters of 1999 and 1998:
1999 1998
---------------- ---------------
HIGH LOW HIGH LOW
---- --- ---- ---
First Quarter.................................... 77 1/4 74 1/8 77 9/16 69 9/16
Second Quarter................................... 80 1/8 72 13/16 77 7/8 74 1/16
Third Quarter.................................... 75 7/8 70 1/4 94 3/8 78 1/8
Fourth Quarter................................... 78 5/16 69 3/16 85 3/8 74 1/8
(b) As of January 31, 2000, the approximate number of holders of Common
Stock, including those whose Common Stock is held in nominee name, was 6,000.
(c) In 1999, the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.11 per common
share in March and $0.125 per common share in each of May, October and December.
In 1998, the Company declared a quarterly dividend of $0.10 per common share in
March and $0.11 per common share in each of May, October, and December. The
Company paid each dividend in the quarter following the date of declaration
except for the October 1999 and 1998 dividends, which were paid in the same
quarter as the date of declaration.
The declaration and payment of future dividends, if any, by the Company will
be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon many
factors, including the Company's consolidated earnings, financial condition and
business needs, capital and surplus requirements of the Company's operating
subsidiaries, regulatory considerations and other factors.
The Company is a holding company whose principal source of income is
dividends from its subsidiary, TRC. The payment of dividends by TRC and its
wholly-owned subsidiaries, TRZ and Putnam, is restricted by insurance
regulations. (See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
19
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
The following Selected Consolidated Financial Data is prepared in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. This data
should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and
accompanying notes included elsewhere herein.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------
1999(1) 1998(1) 1997(1) 1996(1) 1995
------- ------- ------- ------- ----
(in thousands, except per share data)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net premiums written........... $1,498,524 $1,393,700 $1,294,136 $1,142,515 $1,009,227
Net premiums earned............ 1,484,634 1,380,570 1,259,251 1,130,633 981,177
Net investment income.......... 230,739 222,000 207,646 192,636 172,876
Realized net capital gains..... 82,793 120,899 32,939 18,668 11,119
Total revenues................. 1,798,166 1,723,469 1,499,836 1,341,937 1,165,172
Operating income............... 236,235 323,580 236,096 197,518 165,320
Income before income taxes..... 236,097 323,351 234,726 196,320 163,799
Net income..................... 187,362 247,523 185,500 154,860 131,858
PER COMMON SHARE:(2)
Net income:(3)
Basic...................... $ 5.40 $ 7.15 $ 5.37 $ 4.49 $ 3.83
Diluted.................... 5.37 7.10 5.34 4.48 3.82
Cash dividends declared........ 0.49 0.43 0.39 0.33 0.28
SHARE DATA:(2)(3)
Weighted average common shares
outstanding:
Basic...................... 34,704 34,636 34,546 34,474 34,409
Diluted.................... 34,882 34,865 34,751 34,594 34,525
BALANCE SHEET DATA (AT YEAR END):
Investments and cash........... $4,333,462 $4,328,833 $3,992,519 $3,589,889 $2,987,915
Total assets................... 5,480,198 5,253,249 4,834,980 4,379,141 3,898,967
Unpaid losses and loss
adjustment expenses.......... 3,304,931 3,116,038 2,918,782 2,733,055 2,388,155
Unearned premiums.............. 397,783 386,652 366,640 343,936 291,568
Stockholders' equity........... 1,642,517 1,610,139 1,356,659 1,137,306 988,502
- ---------
(1) TRH, through its wholly-owned subsidiary TRC, acquired Trans Re Zurich (TRZ)
in the third quarter of 1996. TRZ's results for the second half of 1996 and
thereafter are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and
accompanying notes included elsewhere herein.
(2) Share and per share data have been retroactively adjusted to reflect a
3-for-2 common stock split effected in the form of a 50% stock dividend,
paid July 18, 1997.
(3) All periods reflect the adoption of the accounting standard related to
earnings per share (SFAS No. 128).
20
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following discussion refers to the consolidated financial statements of
Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, TRH) as of
December 31, 1999 and 1998 and for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1999, which are presented elsewhere herein. TRH's principal
operating subsidiaries are Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (TRC), Trans Re
Zurich (TRZ) and Putnam Reinsurance Company (Putnam).
In August 1998, American International Group, Inc. (AIG, and collectively,
with its subsidiaries, the AIG Group) increased its beneficial ownership of
Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. (the 'Company') outstanding common stock from 49%
to over 50%. As of December 31, 1999, AIG beneficially owned approximately 59%
of the Company's outstanding shares. Financial data discussed below have been
affected by certain transactions between TRH and the AIG Group. (See Notes 10
and 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
OPERATIONAL REVIEW
TRH derives its revenue from two principal sources: premiums from
reinsurance assumed net of reinsurance ceded (i.e., net premiums earned) and
income from investments. Gross premiums assumed and reinsurance ceded are
initially deferred and then are credited or charged to income, respectively,
over the terms of the underlying contracts or certificates in force. The
deferred amounts constitute the unearned premium reserve or prepaid reinsurance
premium and are generally ratably credited or charged, respectively, to income
over the contract periods. The relationship between net premiums written and net
premiums earned will, therefore, vary depending generally on the volume and
inception dates of the business assumed and ceded and the mix of such business
between pro rata and excess-of-loss reinsurance.
The following table shows net premiums written, net premiums earned and net
investment income of TRH for the periods indicated:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
CHANGE Change Change
FROM From From
AMOUNT PRIOR YEAR Amount Prior Year Amount Prior Year
------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ----------
(dollars in millions)
Net premiums written............. $1,498.5 7.5% $1,393.7 7.7% $1,294.1 13.3%
Net premiums earned.............. 1,484.6 7.5 1,380.6 9.6 1,259.3 11.4
Net investment income............ 230.7 3.9 222.0 6.9 207.6 7.8
For the period under discussion, the reinsurance market has been
characterized by significant competition worldwide in most classes. The
increases in net premiums written were primarily from treaty business and
resulted from increased coverage provided. On a worldwide basis, casualty lines
business represented 74.8% of net premiums written in 1999 versus 71.0% and
67.1% in 1998 and 1997, respectively. The balance represented property lines.
Treaty business represented 96.6% of net premiums written in 1999 versus 94.7%
in 1998 and 93.8% in 1997. The balance represented facultative accounts.
Net premiums written by international offices increased in 1999 by $65.9
million, or 9.7%, over the prior year, to $747.9 million. Most international
offices recorded increases in net premiums written, led by Paris and London. In
addition, net premiums written by the Asia Pacific offices (Hong Kong and Tokyo)
increased 44% to $83.0 million. TRZ recorded a significant decrease compared to
1998 as a result of the shift of their business to certain other TRH offices,
closer to source, and the selective retention of business in core areas.
International net premiums written increased significantly in auto liability,
accident and health and property lines, and decreased significantly in the ocean
marine line. International business represented 49.9% of 1999 net premiums
written compared to 48.9% in 1998.
Domestic net premiums written increased by $38.9 million, or 5.5%, over
1998, to $750.6 million, with significant increases recorded in certain
specialty casualty classes (particularly accident and health and medical
malpractice lines), and significant decreases recorded in property and aviation
lines. The
21
majority of the reduction in property net premiums written was due to an
increase in premiums for reinsurance ceded.
Net premiums written by international offices increased in 1998 by $57.8
million, or 9.3%, over the prior year, to $682.0 million. Most international
offices recorded increases in net premiums written, led by Paris and London. TRZ
recorded a significant decrease compared to 1997 as a result of the shift of
their business to certain other TRH offices, closer to source, and the selective
retention of business in core areas. International net premiums written
increased significantly in specialty casualty classes (particularly other
professional liability), auto physical damage, auto liability and aircraft
lines, and decreased significantly in the fire line. International business
represented 48.9% of 1998 net premiums written compared to 48.2% in 1997.
Domestic net premiums written increased by $41.7 million, or 6.2%, over
1997, to $711.7 million, with significant increases recorded in the auto
liability line (including nonstandard risks) and certain specialty casualty
classes (particularly other professional liability and accident and health
lines), and a significant decrease recorded in the medical malpractice line.
The increase in net premiums earned in each of 1999 and 1998 compared to the
respective prior year amounts resulted primarily from the growth in net premiums
written in both years. Net investment income grew each year due to significant
cash flow available for investment which was generated by operating activities.
The percentage of growth has decreased in each succeeding year due to generally
lower available yields on bonds purchased as compared to yields on bonds
disposed of in recent years, reduced operating cash flow in each of 1999 and
1998 compared to the immediately preceding year and, in 1999, the impact of the
strengthening U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies in which investment
income is earned. (See Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
The property and casualty insurance and reinsurance industries use the
combined ratio as a measure of underwriting profitability. The combined ratio
reflects only underwriting results, and does not include income from
investments. Generally, a combined ratio under 100 indicates an underwriting
profit and a combined ratio exceeding 100 indicates an underwriting loss.
Underwriting profitability is subject to significant fluctuations due to
competition, catastrophic events, economic and social conditions, foreign
currency rate fluctuations, interest rates and other factors.
The following table sets forth TRH's combined ratios and the components
thereof for the years indicated:
YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
Loss and loss adjustment expense ratio...................... 77.4 73.9 74.1
Underwriting expense ratio.................................. 27.8 27.4 26.0
Combined ratio.............................................. 105.2 101.3 100.1
TRH's 1999 results include catastrophe losses incurred of $85 million, which
add 5.7 to each of the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio and combined
ratio. More than one-half of those losses were from European storms occurring
late in the year. Two of those storms, Lothar and Martin, occurred within a day
of each other in late December and caused extensive property damage in Western
Europe, most severely in France. Estimates suggest that these two storms, which
collectively are considered among the worst natural catastrophes ever to strike
France, will ultimately cost the global insurance industry over $6 billion.
In addition, as a result of net decreases in estimates of losses occurring
in prior years, net losses and loss adjustment expenses were reduced by $67.5
million in 1999. Significant favorable development was recorded in 1999 on
losses occurring in 1987 through 1996 in the other liability line and in 1994
through 1998 in the aircraft line. These reductions to incurred losses were
partially offset by adverse development in 1999 on losses occurring in 1997 and
1998, principally in fire, allied lines, auto liability and ocean marine lines,
and prior to 1984 in the other liability line.
TRH's 1998 results include catastrophe losses incurred of $20 million
related to Hurricane Georges, which add 1.4 to each of the loss and loss
adjustment expense ratio and combined ratio. In addition, as a result of net
decreases in estimates of losses occurring in prior years, net losses and loss
adjustment expenses were reduced by $59.5 million in 1998. Significant favorable
development was recorded in 1998
22
on losses occurring in years subsequent to 1986 in the other liability line, in
1996 and 1997 in the medical malpractice line and in 1993 through 1996 in the
fire and allied lines. These reductions to incurred losses were partially offset
by adverse development in 1998 on losses occurring in 1996 and 1997 in the ocean
marine line, prior to 1984 in the other liability line and in 1997 in the fire
line.
TRH's 1997 results did not include any significant catastrophe loss
activity. In addition, as a result of net decreases in estimates of losses
occurring in prior years, net losses and loss adjustment expenses were reduced
by $14.6 million in 1997. Significant favorable development was recorded in 1997
on losses occurring in years subsequent to 1986 in the other liability line, in
1996 in the medical malpractice line and in 1994 and 1995 in certain property
lines. These reductions to incurred losses were partially offset by adverse
development in 1997 on losses occurring in 1996 in aircraft and surety lines, in
1994 and 1995 in the medical malpractice line and in 1983 and prior in the other
liability line.
At December 31, 1999, reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses totaled $3.30 billion, an increase of $188.9 million, or 6.1%, over the
prior year. Also at December 31, 1999, reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses
and loss adjustment expenses totaled $529.7 million, an increase of $82.8
million, or 18.5%, from the prior year. (See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.) A significant portion of the increase in unpaid losses
and loss adjustment expenses and related reinsurance recoverable relates to
catastrophe losses occurring in the latter portion of 1999. TRH's reserves and
related recoverables represent estimates of all future liability and reinsurance
recoverable thereon for losses occurring on or prior to the balance sheet date.
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses are charged to income as incurred.
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are principally based on reports and
individual case estimates received from ceding companies. A provision is
included for losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred but not reported on
the basis of past experience and other factors. The methods of making such
estimates and for establishing the resulting reserves and related recoverables
are continually reviewed and updated, and any adjustments resulting therefrom
are reflected in income currently. Provisions for inflation and 'social
inflation' (e.g., awards by judges and juries which progressively increase in
size at a rate exceeding that of general inflation) are implicitly considered in
the overall reserve setting process as an element of numerous judgments which
are made as to expected trends in average claim severity. Because the reserving
process is inherently difficult and subjective, actual net losses and loss
adjustment expenses may deviate, perhaps substantially, from estimates of
reserves and reinsurance recoverable on such amounts reflected in TRH's
consolidated financial statements.
Loss and loss adjustment expense reserves, net of related reinsurance
recoverables, for risks related to environmental impairment and asbestos-related
illnesses amounted to $75 million and $69 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998,
respectively. The majority of TRH's environmental and asbestos-related
liabilities arise from contracts entered into after 1984. These obligations
generally arose from contracts underwritten specifically as environmental or
asbestos-related coverages rather than from standard general liability coverages
where the environmental or asbestos-related liabilities were neither clearly
defined nor specifically excluded. The reserves carried for such claims,
including incurred but not reported claims (IBNR), are based upon known facts
and current law. However, significant uncertainty exists as, among other things,
there are inconsistent court resolutions with respect to underlying policy
intent and coverage and uncertainties as to the allocation of responsibility for
resultant damages. Further, while there is always the threat of changes in
statutes, laws, regulations and other factors that could have a material effect
on these liabilities and, accordingly, future earnings, TRH believes that these
claims reserves, as well as all other claims reserves carried at December 31,
1999, are adequate.
The underwriting expense ratio, which represents the sum of net commissions
and other operating expenses expressed as a percentage of net premiums written,
increased modestly in 1999 over 1998. The increase in the underwriting expense
ratio in 1998 compared to 1997 was due to an increase in the ratio of net
commissions to net premiums written caused, in large part, by a slight shift in
the mix of business between years.
Other deductions generally include currency transaction gains and losses and
other miscellaneous income and expense items.
Realized net capital gains on the disposition of investments totaled $82.8
million in 1999, $120.9 million in 1998 and $32.9 million in 1997. The high
levels of realized net capital gains in 1999 and 1998 as compared to 1997 were
caused, in 1999, by the redeployment of a portion of the equity portfolio
23
early in the year generally into fixed income investments, and in 1998, by the
strategic realignment of the equity portfolio.
Income before income taxes was $236.1 million in 1999, $323.4 million in
1998 and $234.7 million in 1997. The decrease in income before income taxes in
1999 resulted principally from a high level of catastrophe losses and a decline
in realized net capital gains in 1999 compared to 1998. The increase in income
before income taxes in 1998 over 1997 resulted from increased realized net
capital gains and net investment income partially offset by a deterioration in
underwriting results caused by losses from Hurricane Georges.
The provisions for federal and foreign income taxes were $48.7 million in
1999, $75.8 million in 1998 and $49.2 million in 1997. The Company and its
domestic subsidiaries, TRC and Putnam, filed consolidated federal income tax
returns for the years under discussion, except those for 1999 which are not yet
due. The tax burden among the companies is allocated in accordance with a tax
sharing agreement. TRC will include as part of its taxable income those items of
income of the non-U.S. subsidiary, TRZ, which are subject to U.S. income tax
currently, pursuant to Subpart F income rules of the Internal Revenue Code, and
included, as appropriate, in the consolidated federal income tax return.
The effective tax rates were 20.6% in 1999, 23.5% in 1998 and 21.0% in 1997.
The decrease in the effective tax rate in 1999 versus 1998 is due principally to
the fact that tax-exempt interest represented a greater percentage of income
before income taxes in 1999 than in the previous year. While tax-exempt interest
remained relatively level compared to 1998, income before income taxes declined
significantly for the reasons discussed earlier. The increased effective tax
rate in 1998 compared to 1997 is due to the fact that while tax-exempt income
remained relatively level compared to the prior year, income subject to tax
increased significantly, principally as a result of the increase in realized net
capital gains.
Net income and net income per common share on a diluted basis, respectively,
were as follows: 1999 -- $187.4 million, $5.37; 1998 -- $247.5 million, $7.10;
1997 -- $185.5 million, $5.34. Reasons for the changes between years are as
discussed earlier. Per share amounts have been retroactively adjusted to reflect
the 3-for-2 common stock split paid in July 1997. (See Note 2(j) of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.)
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY
As a holding company, the Company's assets consist primarily of the stock of
TRC and the Company's future cash flows depend on the availability of dividends
or other statutorily permissible payments from TRC and its wholly-owned
operating subsidiaries, TRZ and Putnam. (See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements for a discussion of restrictions on dividend payment.) In
1999 and 1998, the Company received cash dividends from TRC of $16.9 million and
$14.9 million, respectively. Sources of funds for the operating subsidiaries
consist primarily of premiums, reinsurance recoverables, investment income and
proceeds from sales, redemptions and the maturing of investments. Funds are
applied primarily to payments of claims, ceded reinsurance premiums, insurance
operating expenses, income taxes and investments in fixed income and equity
securities. Premiums are generally received substantially in advance of related
claims payments. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained for the payment of
claims and expenses as they become due. TRH does not anticipate any material
capital expenditures in the foreseeable future.
At December 31, 1999, total investments and cash were $4,333.5 million
compared to $4,328.8 million at December 31, 1998. Increases to investments and
cash, namely, net cash provided by operating activities and realized net capital
gains, were offset by pre-tax unrealized depreciation of investments available
for sale (primarily from bonds) and outward cash flows from financing
activities. (See Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.)
TRH's operating cash flow in 1999 declined compared to 1998. This decrease
was due to significant increases in paid losses and net commissions, offset, in
part, by increased net premiums and a significant reduction in taxes paid. In
addition, TRH's operating cash flow in 1998 declined compared to 1997. This
decrease was due to significant increases in paid losses and taxes paid and
lesser increases in net commissions and operating expenses, offset, in part, by
increased net premiums and net investment income received. In each of 1999 and
1998 as compared to the respective prior year, the increase in paid losses was
principally due to increases in premium volume, a shift in the business mix in
more recent years towards lines with shorter loss payment patterns, and in 1998
compared to 1997, increased
24
catastrophe losses paid. International operations, most significantly London,
accounted for approximately 53% of operating cash flow in 1999 and 43% in each
of 1998 and 1997.
TRH believes that its balance of cash and cash equivalents of $104.0 million
as of December 31, 1999 and its future cash flows will be sufficient to meet
TRH's cash requirements through the end of 2000 and thereafter for a period the
length of which is difficult to predict, but which TRH believes will be at least
one year.
TRH's fixed maturity investments, approximately 81.9% of total investments
as of December 31, 1999, are predominantly investment grade, liquid securities,
approximately 60% of which will mature in less than 10 years. Also as of that
date, approximately 13.9% of total investments were in common and nonredeemable
preferred stocks, approximately 4.1% of total investments were in other invested
assets, including investments in partnerships, and the remaining 0.1% consisted
of short-term investments. Based on the foregoing, TRH considers its liquidity
to be adequate through the end of 2000 and thereafter for a period the length of
which is difficult to predict, but which TRH believes will be at least one year.
Fixed maturity investments are carried at amortized cost when it is TRH's
positive intent to hold these securities to maturity and TRH has the ability to
do so. As of December 31, 1999, a significant portion of the bond portfolio was
classified as available-for-sale and carried at market value. Most activity
within the bonds available for sale portfolio for the years under discussion
represented strategic portfolio realignments to maximize after-tax income. TRH
adjusts its mix of taxable and tax-exempt investments, as appropriate, generally
as a result of strategic investment and tax planning considerations. As of
December 31, 1999, bonds held to maturity had gross unrealized gains of $25.9
million and $5.1 million of gross unrealized losses. Gross unrealized gains and
losses on bonds available for sale as of December 31, 1999 amounted to $17.1
million and $97.9 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 1999, 91.5% of the bond portfolio was rated Aaa or Aa, an
additional 3.9% was also rated investment grade or better, 3.8% was rated below
investment grade and 0.8% was not rated. Also, as of December 31, 1999, TRH had
no derivative instruments. (See Note 3 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.)
TRH's operations are exposed to market risk. Market risk is the risk of loss
of fair market value resulting from adverse fluctuations in interest rates,
equity prices and foreign currency exchange rates.
To manage these risks, TRH invests in high quality bonds in varying
maturities and maintains diversification to avoid significant exposure to
issuer, industry and/or country concentrations. In addition, TRH invests in
limited amounts of equities to further diversify its investment exposures. With
respect to foreign exchange risk, TRH seeks to limit exposure by controlling the
amounts of assets and liabilities in foreign currencies.
Measuring potential losses in fair values is the focus of risk management
efforts by many companies. Such measurements are performed through the
application of various statistical techniques. One such technique is Value at
Risk (VaR). VaR is a summary statistical measure that uses historical interest
and foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices and estimates the
volatility and correlation of each of these rates and prices to calculate the
maximum loss that could occur over a defined period of time given a certain
probability.
TRH believes that statistical models alone do not provide a reliable method
of monitoring and controlling market risk. While VaR models are relatively
sophisticated, the quantitative market risk information generated is limited by
the assumptions and parameters established in creating the related models.
Therefore, such models are tools and do not substitute for the experience or
judgment of senior management.
TRH has performed a VaR analysis to estimate the maximum potential loss of
fair value for financial instruments for each type of market risk. In this
analysis, financial instrument assets include all investments and cash and
accrued investment income. Financial instrument liabilities include unpaid
losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance, and unearned premiums.
TRH calculated the VaR as of December 31, 1999 and 1998. These calculations
used the variance-covariance (delta-normal) methodology. The calculation also
used daily historical interest and foreign currency exchange rates and equity
prices in the two years ending December 31, 1999 and 1998, as applicable. The
VaR model estimated the volatility of each of these rates and equity prices and
the
25
correlation among them. For interest rates, each country's yield curve was
constructed using eleven separate points on this curve to model possible curve
movements. Inter-country correlations were also used. The redemption experience
of municipal and corporate fixed maturities as well as the use of financial
modeling were employed in the analysis process. Thus, the VaR measured the
sensitivity of the asset and the liability portfolios to each of the
aforementioned market risk exposures. Each sensitivity was estimated separately
to capture the market risk. The following table presents the VaR of each
component of market risk as of December 31, 1999 and 1998:
MARKET RISK 1999 1998
- ----------- ---- ----
(in millions)
Interest rate........................................... $38 $24
Equity.................................................. 65 62
Currency................................................ 8 8
Each sensitivity was then applied to a database which contained both
historical ranges of movements in all market factors and the correlations among
them. The results were aggregated to provide a single amount that depicts the
maximum potential loss in fair value at a confidence level of 95% for a time
period of one month. VaR, with respect to the aggregate of the three components
of market risk, cannot be derived by summing the individual risk amounts in the
table above. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, the VaR amounts for TRH's financial
instruments were approximately $76 million and $69 million, respectively.
TRH's stockholders' equity increased to $1.64 billion at December 31, 1999,
an increase of $32.4 million over year-end 1998. The net increase was comprised
principally of net income of $187.4 million offset, in large part, by a decrease
in accumulated other comprehensive income of $140.3 million (principally
unrealized depreciation of investments, net of deferred taxes) and dividends
declared of $16.8 million. Interest rate increases caused significant unrealized
depreciation of bonds at December 31, 1999. Unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of investments, net of deferred income taxes, a component of
accumulated other comprehensive income, is subject to significant volatility
resulting from changes in the market value of bonds and equities available for
sale. Market values may fluctuate due to changes in general economic conditions,
market interest rates and other factors.
Risk-based capital (RBC) standards, promulgated by the National Association
of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), relate an individual company's statutory
policyholders' surplus to the risk inherent in its overall operations and sets
thresholds at which certain company and regulatory corrective actions are
mandated. At December 31, 1999, the statutory surpluses of TRC and Putnam each
significantly exceeded RBC requirements.
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In June 1996, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 125, 'Accounting for
Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.'
This statement provides accounting and reporting standards for transfers and
servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of liabilities. In addition,
it provides consistent standards for distinguishing transfers of financial
assets that are sales from transfers that are secured borrowings.
SFAS No. 125 was effective as of January 1, 1997 and was to be applied
prospectively. However, SFAS No. 127, 'Deferral of the Effective Date of Certain
Provisions of SFAS No. 125,' deferred for one year the effective date of certain
provisions of SFAS No. 125 which affect repurchase agreements, dollar-rolls,
securities lending and similar transactions. The implementation of these
standards, which occurred on their respective effective dates, did not have a
material impact on TRH's results of operations, financial position or cash
flows.
In February 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 128, 'Earnings Per Share.' As
compared to the prior standard, SFAS No. 128 simplified computational
guidelines, revised disclosure requirements and increased earnings per share
(EPS) comparability on an international basis.
Basic EPS, which is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding, replaced primary EPS from the prior
standard. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if
securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or
26
converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that
then shared in the earnings of the entity. Diluted EPS is computed similarly to
fully diluted EPS from the prior standard.
For all entities with complex capital structures, basic and diluted EPS must
be shown on the face of the income statement with equal prominence. In addition,
a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator from the basic EPS computation
to the diluted EPS computation is required. (See Note 2(j) of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.)
Pursuant to the standard, TRH adopted SFAS No. 128 for the 1997 annual
financial statements and restated all prior period EPS data.
Also in February 1997, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued
Financial Reporting Release (FRR) No. 48, 'Disclosure of Accounting Policies for
Derivative Financial Instruments and Derivative Commodity Instruments and
Disclosure of Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Market Risk
Inherent in Derivative Financial Instruments, Other Financial Instruments, and
Derivative Commodity Instruments.'
FRR No. 48 amends rules and forms for registrants and requires clarification
and expansion of existing disclosures for derivative financial instruments,
other financial instruments and derivative commodity instruments, as defined
therein. The amendments require enhanced disclosure with respect to these
derivative instruments in the notes to financial statements. During the three
year period ending December 31, 1999, TRH has had no derivative instruments.
Additionally, the amendments expand existing disclosure requirements to
include quantitative and qualitative discussions in Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Management's
Discussion) with respect to market risk inherent in market risk sensitive
instruments such as equity and fixed maturity securities, as well as derivative
instruments. These amendments are designed to provide additional information
about market risk sensitive instruments which investors can use to better
understand and evaluate market risk exposures of registrants. For TRH, these
disclosures, which were first included in 1998, are presented in Management's
Discussion which accompanies the financial statements and related notes.
In June 1997, the FASB adopted SFAS No. 130, 'Reporting Comprehensive
Income.' This statement established standards for reporting and display of
comprehensive income and its components (revenues, expenses, gains and losses)
in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. Comprehensive income is
defined as the change in stockholders' equity during a period from transactions
and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and includes net
income and all changes in stockholders' equity except those resulting from
investments by owners and distribution to owners.
This standard requires that an enterprise (a) classify items of other
comprehensive income by their nature in a financial statement and (b) display
the accumulated balance of other comprehensive income separately from retained
earnings and additional paid-in capital in the equity section of a statement of
financial position.
In accordance with the standard, TRH adopted SFAS No. 130 in 1998 and has
provided comparable data for 1997.
Also in June 1997, the FASB adopted SFAS No. 131, 'Disclosure about Segments
of an Enterprise and Related Information.' This statement established standards
for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating
segments in annual and interim financial statements and required presentation of
a measure of profit or loss, certain specific revenue and expense items and
segment assets. Generally, financial information is required to be reported on
the basis that is used internally for evaluating segment performance and
deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The standard also establishes
standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas
and major customers, superseding most of SFAS No. 14, 'Financial Reporting for
Segments of a Business Enterprise.'
In accordance with SFAS No. 131, TRH adopted this standard for the 1998
annual financial statements and provided comparable data for 1997.
In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, 'Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities.' This statement established accounting and
reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative
instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging
27
activities. All derivatives must be recognized as either assets or liabilities
in the balance sheet and measured at fair value. The accounting recognition for
the change in the fair value of a derivative depends on a number of factors,
including the intended use of the derivative. SFAS No. 133 was amended in June
1999 by SFAS No. 137, which deferred the effective date for TRH for one year to
January 1, 2001. SFAS No. 133 may not be applied retroactively. As of
December 31, 1999, TRH had no derivative instruments.
In October 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
(AICPA) issued Statement of Position (SOP) 98-7, 'Deposit Accounting: Accounting
for Insurance and Reinsurance Contracts That Do Not Transfer Insurance Risk.'
This statement provides guidance on how to account for insurance and reinsurance
contracts that do not transfer both required elements of insurance risk (i.e.,
underwriting risk and timing risk). SOP 98-7 is effective for TRH on January 1,
2000. Restatement of previously issued annual financial statements is not
permitted. Management believes that the impact of applying this statement will
not be material to TRH's results of operations, financial position or cash
flows.
OTHER MATTERS
The Year 2000 (Y2K) issue arises from the historic usage of two, rather than
four, digit date fields in computer equipment, software packages and other
devices using embedded chip technology, causing a date field '00' to be
recognized as the year 1900, rather than the year 2000. Failure to recognize,
repair or replace affected devices and systems could cause systems failures or
other disruptions resulting in, among other things, an inability to process
transactions, collect premiums, pay invoices or engage in similar normal
business activities.
TRH has effected remedial changes, where necessary, and conducted
appropriate testing of significant information technology (IT) as well as non-IT
systems (e.g., telephone systems, fax machines, copiers) where Y2K failures
could occur. The cost of such activities has not had a material effect on net
income, financial position, cash flows or other non-Y2K projects and initiatives
in any of the years presented herein.
As a result of such efforts, we have not experienced any significant
disruption to our critical IT or non-IT systems and believe that those systems
have responded successfully to the Y2K date change. In addition, we are not
aware of any material problems resulting from Y2K issues related to TRH's ceding
companies, brokers, reinsurers, vendors or other business partners
(collectively, 'third parties'). Although TRH continues to monitor activities
with third parties, it cannot provide assurance that unresolved Y2K issues of
such third parties will not have a material adverse impact on TRH's operations
or financial results. TRH has considered the effects of potential unresolved Y2K
issues of third parties on its business and developed contingency plans, as
necessary. Such plans may include the selection of alternate third parties,
instituting alternative processes on a temporary basis or other actions designed
to mitigate the effects of a third party's lack of preparedness.
On January 1, 1999, certain of the member nations of the European Economic
and Monetary Union (EMU) adopted a common currency, the Euro. Once the national
currencies are phased out, the Euro will be the sole legal tender of each of
these nations. During the transition period, commerce of these nations will be
transacted in the Euro or in the currently existing national currency.
TRH has taken the necessary steps to transact business in the Euro, has
identified the significant issues and will be prepared with respect to the
continued phase in of and ultimate redenomination to the Euro. Any costs
associated with the adoption of the Euro are expensed as incurred and are not
material to TRH's net income, financial position or cash flows.
Any statements contained in this discussion that are not historical facts,
or that might be considered an opinion or projection, whether expressed or
implied, are meant as, and should be considered, forward-looking statements as
that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and opinions concerning a
variety of known and unknown risks. If any assumptions or opinions prove
incorrect, any forward-looking statements made on that basis may also prove
materially incorrect.
28
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES
PAGE
----
Report of Independent Accountants.................................... 30
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1999 and 1998......... 31
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended
December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997................................... 32
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the
years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997....................... 33
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the
years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997....................... 34
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997................................... 35
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements........................... 36
Schedules:
I -- Summary of Investments -- Other than Investments in
Related Parties as of December 31, 1999................... S-1
II -- Condensed Financial Information of Registrant as of
December 31, 1999 and 1998 and for the years ended
December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997.......................... S-2
III -- Supplementary Insurance Information as of December 31,
1999, 1998 and 1997 and for the years then ended.......... S-5
IV -- Reinsurance for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998
and 1997.................................................. S-6
VI -- Supplementary Information Concerning Property/Casualty
Insurance Operations as of December 31, 1999, 1998 and
1997 and for the years then ended......................... S-7
29
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC.:
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the
accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 1999
and 1998, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of
the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. In addition, in
our opinion, the financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index
present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when
read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These
financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of
the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits. We
conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards
generally accepted in the United States, which require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
New York, New York
February 7, 2000
30
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
1999 1998
---- ----
(in thousands, except share
data)
ASSETS
Investments and cash:
Fixed maturities:
Bonds held to maturity, at amortized cost (market
value: 1999 -- $1,083,740; 1998 -- $1,210,534).... $1,062,968 $1,124,455
Bonds available for sale, at market value (amortized
cost: 1999 -- $2,479,930; 1998 -- $2,322,704)..... 2,399,158 2,409,054
Equities:
Common stocks available for sale, at market value
(cost: 1999 -- $408,465; 1998 -- $358,223)........ 537,149 511,431
Nonredeemable preferred stocks available for sale,
at market value (cost: 1999 -- $52,324;
1998 -- $62,214).................................. 51,192 62,967
Other invested assets................................... 173,043 125,285
Short-term investments, at cost which approximates
market value.......................................... 5,935 25,052
Cash and cash equivalents............................... 104,017 70,589
---------- ----------
Total investments and cash...................... 4,333,462 4,328,833
Accrued investment income................................... 73,578 65,503
Premium balances receivable, net............................ 208,525 193,868
Reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses and loss
adjustment expenses:
Affiliates.............................................. 294,147 231,043
Other................................................... 274,414 233,116
Deferred acquisition costs.................................. 71,022 67,578
Prepaid reinsurance premiums................................ 32,188 30,596
Deferred income taxes....................................... 153,548 71,166
Other assets................................................ 39,314 31,546
---------- ----------
Total assets.................................... $5,480,198 $5,253,249
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.................. $3,304,931 $3,116,038
Unearned premiums........................................... 397,783 386,652
Reinsurance balances payable................................ 82,942 89,521
Other liabilities........................................... 52,025 50,899
---------- ----------
Total liabilities............................... 3,837,681 3,643,110
---------- ----------
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Preferred Stock, $1.00 par value; shares authorized:
5,000,000................................................. -- --
Common Stock, $1.00 par value; shares authorized:
100,000,000; shares issued: 1999 -- 35,527,822;
1998 -- 35,466,836........................................ 35,528 35,467
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 200,567 198,425
Accumulated other comprehensive income...................... 18,212 158,552
Retained earnings........................................... 1,398,210 1,227,695
Treasury Stock, at cost; 800,000 shares..................... (10,000) (10,000)
---------- ----------
Total stockholders' equity...................... 1,642,517 1,610,139
---------- ----------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity...... $5,480,198 $5,253,249
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated
financial statements.
31
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands, except per share data)
Income:
Net premiums written................................. $1,498,524 $1,393,700 $1,294,136
Increase in net unearned premiums.................... (13,890) (13,130) (34,885)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net premiums earned.................................. 1,484,634 1,380,570 1,259,251
Net investment income................................ 230,739 222,000 207,646
---------- ---------- ----------
1,715,373 1,602,570 1,466,897
---------- ---------- ----------
Expenses:
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses.............. 1,148,817 1,020,888 933,015
Net commissions...................................... 365,929 333,069 294,481
Other operating expenses............................. 50,629 48,758 42,296
Increase in deferred acquisition costs............... (3,444) (2,826) (6,052)
---------- ---------- ----------
1,561,931 1,399,889 1,263,740
---------- ---------- ----------
153,442 202,681 203,157
Realized net capital gains............................... 82,793 120,899 32,939
---------- ---------- ----------
Operating income......................................... 236,235 323,580 236,096
Other deductions......................................... (138) (229) (1,370)
---------- ---------- ----------
Income before income taxes............................... 236,097 323,351 234,726
---------- ---------- ----------
Income taxes (benefits):
Current.............................................. 56,261 86,010 51,620
Deferred............................................. (7,526) (10,182) (2,394)
---------- ---------- ----------
48,735 75,828 49,226
---------- ---------- ----------
Net income............................................... $ 187,362 $ 247,523 $ 185,500
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
Net income per common share:
Basic................................................ $ 5.40 $ 7.15 $ 5.37
Diluted.............................................. 5.37 7.10 5.34
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic................................................ 34,704 34,636 34,546
Diluted.............................................. 34,882 34,865 34,751
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
32
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Net income.................................................. $ 187,362 $247,523 $185,500
--------- -------- --------
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation of
investments:
Net unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during
period............................................ (107,284) 125,758 119,989
Related income tax effect........................... 37,548 (44,015) (41,996)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in
net income........................................ (82,793) (120,899) (32,939)
Related income tax effect........................... 28,978 42,315 11,529
--------- -------- --------
(123,551) 3,159 56,583
--------- -------- --------
Net unrealized currency translation (loss) gain......... (25,829) 22,566 (22,098)
Related income tax effect............................... 9,040 (7,897) 7,733
--------- -------- --------
(16,789) 14,669 (14,365)
--------- -------- --------
Other comprehensive (loss) income........................... (140,340) 17,828 42,218
--------- -------- --------
Comprehensive income........................................ $ 47,022 $265,351 $227,718
--------- -------- --------
--------- -------- --------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
33
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands, except per share data)
Common Stock:
Balance, beginning of year........................... $ 35,467 $ 35,363 $ 23,813
Stock split effected as a dividend................... -- -- 11,516
Issued under stock option and purchase plans......... 61 104 34
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance, end of year............................. 35,528 35,467 35,363
---------- ---------- ----------
Additional paid-in capital:
Balance, beginning of year........................... 198,425 195,494 201,930
Stock split effected as a dividend................... -- -- (11,516)
Excess of proceeds over par value of common stock
issued under stock option and purchase plans and
other.............................................. 2,142 2,931 5,080
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance, end of year............................. 200,567 198,425 195,494
---------- ---------- ----------
Accumulated other comprehensive income:
Balance, beginning of year........................... 158,552 140,724 98,506
Net change for year.................................. (215,906) 27,425 64,952
Income tax effect on change.......................... 75,566 (9,597) (22,734)
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance, end of year............................. 18,212 158,552 140,724
---------- ---------- ----------
Retained earnings:
Balance, beginning of year........................... 1,227,695 995,078 823,057
Net income........................................... 187,362 247,523 185,500
Cash dividends declared (per common share:
1999 -- $0.49; 1998 -- $0.43; 1997 -- $0.39)....... (16,847) (14,906) (13,479)
---------- ---------- ----------
Balance, end of year............................. 1,398,210 1,227,695 995,078
---------- ---------- ----------
Treasury Stock:
Balance, beginning and end of year................... (10,000) (10,000) (10,000)
---------- ---------- ----------
Total stockholders' equity....................... $1,642,517 $1,610,139 $1,356,659
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
34
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income.............................................. $ 187,362 $247,523 $185,500
--------- -------- --------
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided
by operating activities:
Changes in unpaid losses and loss adjustment
expenses, unearned premiums and prepaid
reinsurance premiums.............................. 198,432 208,728 212,992
Changes in premium and reinsurance balances
receivable and payable, net....................... (98,752) (91,660) (48,765)
Change in deferred acquisition costs................ (3,444) (2,826) (6,052)
Change in accrued investment income................. (8,075) 5,296 (7,586)
Realized net capital gains.......................... (82,793) (120,899) (32,939)
Changes in current and deferred income taxes........ (13,176) (28,092) (1,755)
Change in net unrealized currency translation
adjustment........................................ 2,343 5,031 17,757
Changes in other assets and liabilities, net........ 7,662 150 (3,814)
Other, net.......................................... 4,223 3,726 3,585
--------- -------- --------
Total adjustments............................... 6,420 (20,546) 133,423
--------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by operating activities....... 193,782 226,977 318,923
--------- -------- --------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds of bonds available for sale sold............... 436,127 375,580 334,315
Proceeds of bonds held to maturity redeemed or
matured............................................... 78,936 109,372 72,545
Proceeds of bonds available for sale redeemed or
matured............................................... 238,616 267,373 262,781
Proceeds of equities sold............................... 473,690 357,640 175,014
Purchase of bonds held to maturity...................... (15,051) -- (175,834)
Purchase of bonds available for sale.................... (867,036) (802,010) (893,039)
Purchase of equities.................................... (439,123) (371,400) (147,374)
Net purchase of other invested assets................... (45,217) (126,133) --
Net proceeds (purchase) of short-term investments....... 23,270 (7,591) 42,460
Other, net.............................................. (7,657) (8,132) (32,192)
--------- -------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities........... (123,445) (205,301) (361,324)
--------- -------- --------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends to stockholders............................... (16,312) (14,550) (13,132)
Proceeds from common stock issued and other............. 2,203 3,035 5,114
Net (disbursements) proceeds from reinsurance
deposits.............................................. (26,886) (10,230) 47,718
--------- -------- --------
Net cash from financing activities.............. (40,995) (21,745) 39,700
--------- -------- --------
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents............................................... 4,086 (79) (4,085)
--------- -------- --------
Change in cash and cash equivalents............. 33,428 (148) (6,786)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year................ 70,589 70,737 77,523
--------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year.......... $ 104,017 $ 70,589 $ 70,737
--------- -------- --------
--------- -------- --------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
35
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. (the 'Company') is a holding company,
incorporated in the state of Delaware, which owns all of the common stock of
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company (TRC). TRC owns all of the common stock of
Trans Re Zurich (TRZ) and Putnam Reinsurance Company (Putnam).
Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, TRH),
through its operating subsidiaries TRC, TRZ and Putnam, offers reinsurance
capacity for a full range of property and casualty products to insurers and
reinsurers on a treaty and facultative basis, with an emphasis on specialty
classes. Including domestic as well as international risks, TRH's principal
lines of business are auto liability (including nonstandard risks), other
liability (including directors' and officers' liability and other professional
liability), accident and health, medical malpractice and marine and aviation in
the casualty lines, and fire and allied lines in the property lines (which
include property catastrophe risks). Casualty lines represent 74.8%, 71.0% and
67.1% of net premiums written in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The balance
represents property lines.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION: The accompanying
consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP).
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been
eliminated.
(b) INVESTMENTS: Bonds are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at
amortized cost if TRH has the positive intent and ability to hold each of these
securities to maturity. The balance of TRH's bonds are classified as
available-for-sale and carried at market value. Common and nonredeemable
preferred stocks are carried principally at market value. Market values for
fixed maturity securities and equities are generally based upon quoted market
prices. For certain fixed maturity securities, for which market prices were not
readily available, market values were estimated using values obtained from
independent pricing services. Other invested assets consist primarily of
investments in partnerships and other investments which are carried primarily at
market value. A portion of other invested assets consists of a short-term bond
fund managed by an American International Group, Inc. (AIG, and collectively,
with its subsidiaries, the AIG Group) subsidiary. (See Note 10.) Short-term
investments are carried at cost, which approximates market value.
Realized gains or losses on the sale of investments are determined on the
basis of specific identification. Changes in unrealized appreciation
(depreciation) of bonds available for sale, equity investments and other
invested assets are charged or credited, net of deferred income taxes, directly
to accumulated other comprehensive income (See Note 7), a component of
stockholders' equity. Investment income is recorded as earned. Amortization of
bond premium and the accrual of bond discount are charged or credited to net
investment income.
(c) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS: Cash and cash equivalents generally include
cash deposited in demand deposits at banks and highly liquid investments with
original maturities of 90 days or less. A portion of cash equivalents consists
of a money market fund managed by an AIG subsidiary. (See Note 10.)
(d) DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS: Acquisition costs, consisting primarily of
net commissions incurred on business conducted through reinsurance contracts or
certificates, are deferred, and then amortized over the period in which the
related premiums are earned, generally one year. Anticipated losses and
36
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
loss adjustment expenses and estimated remaining costs of servicing the
contracts are considered in determining acquisition costs to be deferred.
Anticipated investment income is not considered in the deferral of acquisition
costs.
(e) LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES: Losses and loss adjustment
expenses, net of related reinsurance recoverable, are charged to income as
incurred. Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are principally based on
reports and individual case estimates received from ceding companies. An amount
is included for losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred but not reported
(IBNR) on the basis of past experience. The methods of making such estimates and
for establishing the resulting reserves are continually reviewed and updated,
and any adjustments resulting therefrom are reflected in income currently. TRH
does not discount its unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses include certain amounts for the
reinsurance of risks related to environmental impairment and asbestos-related
illnesses. The majority of TRH's environmental and asbestos-related liabilities
arise from contracts entered into after 1984. These obligations generally arose
from contracts underwritten specifically as environmental or asbestos-related
coverages rather than from standard general liability coverages where the
environmental or asbestos-related liabilities were neither clearly defined nor
specifically excluded. The reserves carried at December 31, 1999 for such
claims, including IBNR, are based upon known facts and current law. However,
significant uncertainty exists as, among other things, there are inconsistent
court resolutions with respect to underlying policy intent and coverage and
uncertainties as to the allocation of responsibility for resultant damages.
Further, there is always the threat of changes in statutes, laws, regulations
and other factors that could have a material effect on these liabilities and,
accordingly, future earnings.
(f) UNEARNED PREMIUMS: Unearned premiums represent the portion of gross
premiums written which is applicable to the unexpired terms of reinsurance
contracts or certificates in force. Accordingly, premiums written are taken into
income as earned. Unearned premiums are based on reports received from ceding
companies or are calculated principally by the monthly pro rata method. In the
Consolidated Statements of Operations, the change in unearned premiums is
presented net of the change in prepaid reinsurance premiums.
(g) DEFERRED INCOME TAXES: Deferred income taxes are provided for the
expected tax effect of temporary differences between the amounts of assets and
liabilities used for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used in tax
returns.
(h) REINSURANCE DEPOSITS: Amounts received pursuant to reinsurance contracts
that are not expected to indemnify the ceding company against loss or liability
are recorded as deposits and included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as
'reinsurance balances payable.' These deposits are treated as financing
transactions and are credited with interest according to contract terms.
(i) CURRENCY TRANSLATION: Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign
currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Income
and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates for the year. The
resulting net unrealized currency translation gain (loss) for functional
currencies is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component
of stockholders' equity.
Transaction gains and losses on assets and liabilities denominated in
foreign currencies which are not designated as functional currencies are
reflected in results of operations during the period in which they occur.
(j) NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE: Net income per common share has been
computed in the following table in accordance with Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 128, 'Earnings Per Share' (See Note 2(k)), based upon
weighted average common shares outstanding. Share amounts have
37
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
been retroactively adjusted to reflect a 3-for-2 split of the common stock in
the form of a 50% stock dividend, paid in July 1997.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands, except per share data)
Net income (numerator)...................................... $187,362 $247,523 $185,500
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in the
computation of net income per share:
Average shares issued................................... 35,504 35,436 35,346
Less: Average shares in treasury........................ 800 800 800
-------- -------- --------
Average outstanding shares -- basic (denominator)....... 34,704 34,636 34,546
Average potential shares, principally stock options..... 178 229 205
-------- -------- --------
Average outstanding shares -- diluted (denominator)..... 34,882 34,865 34,751
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
Net income per common share:
Basic................................................... $ 5.40 $ 7.15 $ 5.37
Diluted................................................. 5.37 7.10 5.34
(k) ACCOUNTING STANDARDS:
In June 1996, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 125, 'Accounting for
Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities.'
This statement provides accounting and reporting standards for transfers and
servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of liabilities. In addition,
it provides consistent standards for distinguishing transfers of financial
assets that are sales from transfers that are secured borrowings.
SFAS No. 125 was effective as of January 1, 1997 and was to be applied
prospectively. However, SFAS No. 127, 'Deferral of the Effective Date of Certain
Provisions of SFAS No. 125,' deferred for one year the effective date of certain
provisions of SFAS No. 125 which affect repurchase agreements, dollar-rolls,
securities lending and similar transactions. The implementation of these
standards, which occurred on their respective effective dates, did not have a
material impact on TRH's results of operations, financial position or cash
flows.
In February 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 128, 'Earnings Per Share.' As
compared to the prior standard, SFAS No. 128 simplified computational
guidelines, revised disclosure requirements and increased earnings per share
(EPS) comparability on an international basis.
Basic EPS, which is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding, replaced primary EPS from the prior
standard. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if
securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted
into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared
in the earnings of the entity. Diluted EPS is computed similarly to fully
diluted EPS from the prior standard.
For all entities with complex capital structures, basic and diluted EPS must
be shown on the face of the income statement with equal prominence. In addition,
a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator from the basic EPS computation
to the diluted EPS computation is required. (See Note 2(j).)
Pursuant to the standard, TRH adopted SFAS No. 128 for the 1997 annual
financial statements and restated all prior period EPS data.
Also in February 1997, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued
Financial Reporting Release (FRR) No. 48, 'Disclosure of Accounting Policies for
Derivative Financial Instruments and
38
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Derivative Commodity Instruments and Disclosure of Quantitative and Qualitative
Information about Market Risk Inherent in Derivative Financial Instruments,
Other Financial Instruments, and Derivative Commodity Instruments.'
FRR No. 48 amends rules and forms for registrants and requires clarification
and expansion of existing disclosures for derivative financial instruments,
other financial instruments and derivative commodity instruments, as defined
therein. The amendments require enhanced disclosure with respect to these
derivative instruments in the notes to financial statements. During the three
year period ending December 31, 1999, TRH has had no derivative instruments.
Additionally, the amendments expand existing disclosure requirements to
include quantitative and qualitative discussions in Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Management's
Discussion) with respect to market risk inherent in market risk sensitive
instruments such as equity and fixed maturity securities, as well as derivative
instruments. These amendments are designed to provide additional information
about market risk sensitive instruments which investors can use to better
understand and evaluate market risk exposures of registrants. For TRH, these
disclosures, which were first included in 1998, are presented in Management's
Discussion which accompanies the financial statements and related notes.
In June 1997, the FASB adopted SFAS No. 130, 'Reporting Comprehensive
Income.' This statement established standards for reporting and display of
comprehensive income and its components (revenues, expenses, gains and losses)
in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. Comprehensive income is
defined as the change in stockholders' equity during a period from transactions
and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources and includes net
income and all changes in stockholders' equity except those resulting from
investments by owners and distribution to owners.
This standard requires that an enterprise (a) classify items of other
comprehensive income by their nature in a financial statement and (b) display
the accumulated balance of other comprehensive income separately from retained
earnings and additional paid-in capital in the equity section of a statement of
financial position.
In accordance with the standard, TRH adopted SFAS No. 130 in 1998 and has
provided comparable data for 1997.
Also in June 1997, the FASB adopted SFAS No. 131, 'Disclosure about Segments
of an Enterprise and Related Information.' This statement established standards
for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating
segments in annual and interim financial statements and required presentation of
a measure of profit or loss, certain specific revenue and expense items and
segment assets. Generally, financial information is required to be reported on
the basis that is used internally for evaluating segment performance and
deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The standard also establishes
standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas
and major customers, superseding most of SFAS No. 14, 'Financial Reporting for
Segments of a Business Enterprise.'
In accordance with SFAS No. 131, TRH adopted this standard for the 1998
annual financial statements and provided comparable data for 1997.
In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, 'Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities.' This statement established accounting and
reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative
instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. All
derivatives must be recognized as either assets or liabilities in the balance
sheet and measured at fair value. The accounting recognition for the change in
the fair value of a derivative depends on a number of factors, including the
intended use of the derivative. SFAS No. 133 was amended in June 1999 by SFAS
No. 137, which deferred the effective date for TRH for one year to
39
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
January 1, 2001. SFAS No. 133 may not be applied retroactively. As of December
31, 1999, TRH had no derivative instruments.
In October 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
(AICPA) issued Statement of Position (SOP) 98-7, 'Deposit Accounting: Accounting
for Insurance and Reinsurance Contracts That Do Not Transfer Insurance Risk.'
This statement provides guidance on how to account for insurance and reinsurance
contracts that do not transfer both required elements of insurance risk (i.e.,
underwriting risk and timing risk). SOP 98-7 is effective for TRH on January 1,
2000. Restatement of previously issued annual financial statements is not
permitted. Management believes that the impact of applying this statement will
not be material to TRH's results of operations, financial position or cash
flows.
3. INVESTMENTS
(a) STATUTORY DEPOSITS: Investments, the substantial majority of which are
bonds and common stocks available for sale, were deposited with governmental
authorities as required by law and amounted to approximately $119,000,000 and
$122,000,000 at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
(b) NET INVESTMENT INCOME: An analysis of net investment income of TRH
follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities............................................ $213,086 $216,994 $206,714
Equities.................................................... 11,163 9,645 9,077
Other....................................................... 14,820 2,524 (1,273)
-------- -------- --------
Total investment income................................. 239,069 229,163 214,518
Investment expenses......................................... (8,330) (7,163) (6,872)
-------- -------- --------
Net investment income................................... $230,739 $222,000 $207,646
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
40
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
3. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
(c) INVESTMENT GAINS AND LOSSES: Realized net capital gains and the change
in net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation of investments are summarized as
follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Realized net capital gains on sale of investments:
Fixed maturities........................................ $ (3,679) $ 9,197 $ 3,526
Equities................................................ 87,404 111,811 29,375
Other................................................... (932) (109) 38
--------- -------- --------
Realized net capital gains.......................... $ 82,793 $120,899 $ 32,939
--------- -------- --------
--------- -------- --------
Change in net unrealized (depreciation) appreciation of
investments:*
Fixed maturities carried at amortized cost.............. $ (65,307) $ 2,712 $ 25,787
Fixed maturities carried at market...................... (167,122) 21,157 13,790
Equities................................................ (26,409) (15,450) 73,260
Other................................................... 3,455 (846) --
--------- -------- --------
Change in net unrealized (depreciation)
appreciation of investments............................... $(255,383) $ 7,573 $112,837
--------- -------- --------
--------- -------- --------
- ---------
* Before deferred income tax effect.
(d) FIXED MATURITIES: The amortized cost and market value of bonds at
December 31, 1999 and 1998 are summarized as follows:
GROSS UNREALIZED
AMORTIZED -----------------
COST GAINS LOSSES MARKET VALUE
---- ----- ------ ------------
(in thousands)
1999
BONDS HELD TO MATURITY AND CARRIED AT AMORTIZED
COST:
States, foreign and domestic municipalities and
political subdivisions........................ $1,062,968 $25,866 $ 5,094 $1,083,740
---------- ------- ------- ----------
---------- ------- ------- ----------
BONDS AVAILABLE FOR SALE AND CARRIED AT MARKET
VALUE:
U.S. Government and government agency bonds..... $ 316,189 $ 1,760 $ 6,775 $ 311,174
States, foreign and domestic municipalities and
political subdivisions........................ 1,177,140 1,332 67,001 1,111,471
Foreign governments............................. 345,162 5,228 755 349,635
Corporate....................................... 641,439 8,817 23,378 626,878
---------- ------- ------- ----------
Totals...................................... $2,479,930 $17,137 $97,909 $2,399,158
---------- ------- ------- ----------
---------- ------- ------- ----------
41
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
3. INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
Gross Unrealized
Amortized ----------------
Cost Gains Losses Market Value
---- ----- ------ ------------
(in thousands)
1998
Bonds held to maturity and carried at amortized
cost:
States, foreign and domestic municipalities and
political subdivisions....................... $1,124,455 $86,079 $ -- $1,210,534
---------- ------- ------ ----------
---------- ------- ------ ----------
Bonds available for sale and carried at market
value:
U.S. Government and government agency bonds.... $ 508,580 $18,517 $ 467 $ 526,630
States, foreign and domestic municipalities and
political subdivisions....................... 874,445 31,461 176 905,730
Foreign governments............................ 432,482 21,082 4 453,560
Corporate...................................... 507,197 21,828 5,891 523,134
---------- ------- ------ ----------
Totals..................................... $2,322,704 $92,888 $6,538 $2,409,054
---------- ------- ------ ----------
---------- ------- ------ ----------
The amortized cost and market value of bonds at December 31, 1999 by
contractual maturity, are summarized below. Expected maturities may differ from
contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay
obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Investments in fixed
maturities exclude short-term investments.
AMORTIZED
COST MARKET VALUE
---- ------------
(in thousands)
BONDS HELD TO MATURITY:
Due in one year or less..................................... $ 110,316 $ 112,932
Due after one year through five years....................... 206,142 216,821
Due after five years through ten years...................... 207,184 216,960
Due after ten years......................................... 539,326 537,027
---------- ----------
Totals.................................................. $1,062,968 $1,083,740
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
BONDS AVAILABLE FOR SALE:
Due in one year or less..................................... $ 245,051 $ 245,436
Due after one year through five years....................... 896,590 892,618
Due after five years through ten years...................... 383,923 370,727
Due after ten years......................................... 954,366 890,377
---------- ----------
Totals.................................................. $2,479,930 $2,399,158
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Gross gains of $4,961,000, $7,625,000 and $2,930,000 and gross losses of
$9,273,000, $647,000 and $1,325,000 were realized on sales of investments in
fixed maturities available for sale in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
(e) EQUITIES: Gross gains of $109,404,000, $122,685,000 and $35,507,000 and
gross losses of $22,000,000, $10,874,000 and $6,132,000 were realized on sales
of equities in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. At December 31, 1999 and 1998,
net unrealized appreciation of equities (before applicable income taxes)
included gross gains of $150,576,000 and $160,160,000 and gross losses of
$23,024,000 and $6,199,000, respectively.
4. FEDERAL AND FOREIGN INCOME TAXES
(a) The Company files a U.S. consolidated federal income tax return with its
domestic subsidiaries, TRC and Putnam. TRC will include as part of its taxable
income those items of income of the non-U.S.
42
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
4. FEDERAL AND FOREIGN INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
subsidiary, TRZ, which are subject to U.S. income tax currently, pursuant to
Subpart F income rules of the Internal Revenue Code, and included, as
appropriate, in the consolidated federal income tax return.
The U.S. federal income tax rate is 35% for 1999, 1998 and 1997. Actual tax
expense on income before income taxes differs from the 'expected' amount
computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate because of the following:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------
PERCENT OF Percent of Percent of
INCOME BEFORE Income Before Income Before
AMOUNT INCOME TAXES Amount Income Taxes Amount Income Taxes
------ ------------ ------ ------------ ------ ------------
(dollars in thousands)
'Expected' tax expense......... $ 82,634 35.0 % $113,173 35.0 % $ 82,154 35.0 %
Adjustments:
Tax-exempt interest........ (31,375) (13.3) (31,832) (9.8) (31,505) (13.4)
Dividends received
deduction................ (2,051) (0.9) (1,648) (0.5) (1,404) (0.6)
Other...................... (473) (0.2) (3,865) (1.2) (19) --
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
Actual tax expense..... $ 48,735 20.6 % $ 75,828 23.5 % $ 49,226 21.0 %
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
-------- ----- -------- ----- -------- -----
Foreign and domestic components
of actual tax expense
(benefit):
Foreign.................... $ 3,302 $ 10,421 $ 14,485
Domestic:
Current................ 52,959 75,589 37,135
Deferred............... (7,526) (10,182) (2,394)
-------- -------- --------
$ 48,735 $ 75,828 $ 49,226
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
(b) The components of the net deferred income tax asset at December 31, 1999
and 1998 were as follows:
1999 1998
---- ----
(in thousands)
Deferred income tax assets:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, net of
related reinsurance recoverable....................... $167,226 $158,470
Unearned premiums, net of prepaid reinsurance
premiums.............................................. 25,591 24,409
Allowance for unrecoverable reinsurance................. 4,562 4,562
Other................................................... 1,958 1,982
-------- --------
Total deferred income tax assets.................... 199,337 189,423
-------- --------
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Deferred acquisition costs.............................. 24,858 23,652
Net unrealized appreciation of investments.............. 17,285 83,812
Other................................................... 3,646 10,793
-------- --------
Total deferred income tax liabilities............... 45,789 118,257
-------- --------
Net deferred income tax asset....................... $153,548 $ 71,166
-------- --------
-------- --------
No valuation allowance has been recorded.
(c) Income tax payments by TRH totaled $61,861,000, $110,884,000 and
$48,744,000 in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
43
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
5. LIABILITY FOR UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
Activity in the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses is
summarized as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
At beginning of year:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses........... $3,116,038 $2,918,782 $2,733,055
Less reinsurance recoverable......................... 459,935 396,054 349,527
---------- ---------- ----------
Net unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses... 2,656,103 2,522,728 2,383,528
---------- ---------- ----------
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred in
respect of losses occurring in:
Current year......................................... 1,216,294 1,080,377 947,578
Prior years.......................................... (67,477) (59,489) (14,563)
---------- ---------- ----------
Total............................................ 1,148,817 1,020,888 933,015
---------- ---------- ----------
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses paid in respect
of losses occurring in:
Current year......................................... 340,155 343,974 244,180
Prior years.......................................... 702,603 543,539 549,635
---------- ---------- ----------
Total............................................ 1,042,758 887,513 793,815
---------- ---------- ----------
At end of year:
Net unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses....... 2,762,162 2,656,103 2,522,728
Plus reinsurance recoverable......................... 542,769 459,935 396,054
---------- ---------- ----------
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses....... $3,304,931 $3,116,038 $2,918,782
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
As a result of net decreases in estimates of losses occurring in prior
years, net losses and loss adjustment expenses were reduced by $67.5 million in
1999. Significant favorable development was recorded in 1999 on losses occurring
in 1987 through 1996 in the other liability line and in 1994 through 1998 in the
aircraft line. These reductions to incurred losses were partially offset by
adverse development in 1999 on losses occurring in 1997 and 1998, principally in
fire, allied lines, auto liability and ocean marine lines, and prior to 1984 in
the other liability line.
As a result of net decreases in estimates of losses occurring in prior
years, net losses and loss adjustment expenses were reduced by $59.5 million in
1998. Significant favorable development was recorded in 1998 on losses occurring
in years subsequent to 1986 in the other liability line, in 1996 and 1997 in the
medical malpractice line and in 1993 through 1996 in the fire and allied lines.
These reductions to incurred losses were partially offset by adverse development
in 1998 on losses occurring in 1996 and 1997 in the ocean marine line, prior to
1984 in the other liability line and in 1997 in the fire line.
As a result of net decreases in estimates of losses occurring in prior
years, net losses and loss adjustment expenses were reduced by $14.6 million in
1997. Significant favorable development was recorded in 1997 on losses occurring
in years subsequent to 1986 in the other liability line, in 1996 in the medical
malpractice line and in 1994 and 1995 in certain property lines. These
reductions to incurred losses were partially offset by adverse development in
1997 on losses occurring in 1996 in aircraft and surety lines, in 1994 and 1995
in the medical malpractice line and in 1983 and prior in the other liability
line.
44
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
6. COMMON STOCK
Common stock activity for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1999 was as follows:
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
Shares outstanding, beginning of year.................... 34,666,836 34,562,870 23,012,796
Issued under stock option and purchase plans............. 60,986 103,966 33,908
Stock split effected as a dividend....................... -- -- 11,516,166
---------- ---------- ----------
Shares outstanding, end of year.......................... 34,727,822 34,666,836 34,562,870
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
As a result of a common stock split in the form of a 50% stock dividend,
common stock increased and additional paid-in capital decreased by $11.5 million
in 1997. This stock split was paid on July 18, 1997 to holders of record on
June 27, 1997.
7. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income and changes in such
amounts between years are as follows:
NET
NET UNREALIZED
UNREALIZED CURRENCY
APPRECIATION TRANSLATION ACCUMULATED
OF INVESTMENTS, (LOSS) GAIN, OTHER
NET NET COMPREHENSIVE
OF INCOME TAX OF INCOME TAX INCOME
------------- ------------- ------
(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 1996.......................... $ 95,910 $ 2,596 $ 98,506
Change during year.................................. 56,583 (14,365) 42,218
-------- -------- --------
Balance, December 31, 1997.......................... 152,493 (11,769) 140,724
Change during year.................................. 3,159 14,669 17,828
-------- -------- --------
Balance, December 31, 1998.......................... 155,652 2,900 158,552
Change during year.................................. (123,551) (16,789) (140,340)
-------- -------- --------
Balance, December 31, 1999.......................... $ 32,101 $(13,889) $ 18,212
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
8. PENSION, SAVINGS AND STOCK PURCHASE PLANS
TRH's employees participate in benefit plans administered by AIG (See Note
9) including a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan, an employee stock
purchase plan and a voluntary savings plan (a 401(k) plan) which provides for
certain matching contributions. These plans cover a substantial majority of
TRH's employees. Certain of these plans do not separately identify plan benefits
and plan assets attributable to employees of participating companies. In the
opinion of management, no material additional liability would accrue to TRH were
such plan benefits and plan assets identifiable.
In addition, under TRH's 1990 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended, full
time employees with at least one year of employment with the Company or any of
its subsidiaries are eligible to receive privileges to purchase shares of the
Company's common stock at a price which is 85% of the fair market value of such
stock on the date of subscription or the date of grant of the purchase
privilege, whichever is greater. An aggregate of 750,000 shares of common stock
has been authorized for subscription and 6,409 shares were purchased under the
plan in 1999.
The charges made to operations for these plans for 1999, 1998 and 1997 were
$581,000, $676,000 and $732,000, respectively.
45
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
9. STOCK OPTION PLANS
In 1995, the Company's Board of Directors adopted, and the stockholders
approved, the '1995 Stock Option Plan' (the 1995 Plan). This plan, as amended,
provides that options may be granted to certain key employees and non-employee
directors to purchase a maximum of 1,500,000 shares of the Company's common
stock at prices not less than their fair market value at the date of grant. At
December 31, 1999, 673,063 shares were reserved for future grants under the 1995
Plan. Options granted under the plan may be used to purchase the Company's
common stock at the fair market value of each share at the date of grant. The
Company also maintains the 'Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. 1990 Stock Option Plan'
(the 1990 Plan) which operates under substantially the same terms as the 1995
Plan. The 1995 Plan and the 1990 Plan are together hereinafter referred to as
the Company Plans.
In each of 1994 and 1992, the Stock Option and Purchase Plan Committee
granted 30,000 options to certain non-employee directors of the Company who are
also directors, officers and employees of AIG. These options may be used to
purchase shares of the Company's common stock at $34.00 per share and $35.00 per
share for the 1994 and 1992 options, respectively, representing the fair market
value of a share of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. Such
options were granted outside of, but on substantially the same terms and
conditions as, the 1990 Plan. As of December 31, 1999, all of these options were
exercisable as none have been exercised or forfeited. The impact of the above
options on the financial statements is not material.
Each of the above plans provide that 25% of the options granted become
exercisable on the anniversary date of the grant in each of the four years
following the grant and expire 10 years from the date of grant. No further
options can be granted under the 1990 Plan, although options outstanding
continue in force until exercise, expiration or forfeiture.
A summary of the status of the Company Plans as of December 31, 1999, 1998
and 1997 and changes during the years ended on those dates is presented below:
1999 1998 1997
-------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------
WEIGHTED Weighted Weighted
NUMBER AVERAGE Number Average Number Average
OF SHARES EXERCISE PRICE of Shares Exercise Price of Shares Exercise Price
--------- -------------- --------- -------------- --------- --------------
Outstanding, beginning of
year........................ 864,095 $55.01 847,856 $47.56 711,156 $40.24
Granted....................... 165,000 76.50 178,450 75.44 179,150 71.88
Exercised..................... (57,732) 34.98 (112,811) 30.93 (38,040) 25.51
Forfeited..................... (33,156) 54.80 (49,400) 55.87 (4,410) 45.96
-------- -------- -------
Outstanding, end of year...... 938,207 60.03 864,095 55.01 847,856 47.56
-------- ------ -------- ------ ------- ------
-------- ------ -------- ------ ------- ------
Exercisable, end of year...... 518,753 $49.95 429,586 $43.36 398,907 $36.46
-------- ------ -------- ------ ------- ------
-------- ------ -------- ------ ------- ------
Weighted average fair value of
options granted during the
year........................ $21.74 $18.36 $19.05
The weighted average fair value of each option grant is estimated on the
date of grant using the 'Binomial Option Price Model' with the following
weighted average assumptions used for grants in 1999, 1998 and 1997,
respectively: expected volatility of 18.0%, 18.0% and 15.0%; risk-free interest
rates of 6.4%, 4.6% and 5.8%; and expected lives of six years for each grant. An
increasing dividend schedule is used in the binomial model based on historical
experience.
46
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
9. STOCK OPTION PLANS (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes information about the Company Plans'
outstanding and exercisable options at December 31, 1999:
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
------------------------------------------- --------------------------
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE
REMAINING WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
RANGE OF NUMBER CONTRACTUAL AVERAGE NUMBER AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICES OF SHARES LIFE EXERCISE PRICE OF SHARES EXERCISE PRICE
--------------- --------- ---- -------------- --------- --------------
$14.42 TO $19.75..................... 11,540 1.6years $18.61 11,540 $18.61
$34.00 TO $51.33..................... 435,942 5.8 44.61 388,713 43.79
$71.88 TO $76.50..................... 490,725 9.0 74.70 118,500 73.19
------- -------
$14.42 TO $76.50..................... 938,207 7.4 60.03 518,753 49.95
------- -------
------- -------
The Company accounts for its stock options based on the intrinsic value
method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25 and
related interpretations, as permitted under SFAS No. 123. Had compensation cost
been charged to earnings in accordance with the fair value method discussed in
SFAS No. 123, the Company's net income and net income per share (on a pro forma
basis) would have been as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands, except per share data)
Net income:
As reported............................................. $187,362 $247,523 $185,500
Pro forma............................................... 184,953 245,792 184,384
Net income per common share:
As reported:
Basic............................................... 5.40 7.15 5.37
Diluted............................................. 5.37 7.10 5.34
Pro forma:
Basic............................................... 5.33 7.10 5.34
Diluted............................................. 5.30 7.05 5.31
10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In August 1998, AIG increased its beneficial ownership of the Company's
outstanding common stock from 49% to over 50%. As of December 31, 1999, AIG
beneficially owned approximately 59% of the Company's outstanding shares.
TRH has service and expense agreements and certain other agreements with the
AIG Group which provide for the reimbursement to the AIG Group of certain
administrative and operating expenses which include, but are not limited to,
investment advisory and cash management services, office space and human
resource related activities. In 1999, 1998 and 1997, $10,600,000, $9,800,000 and
$9,300,000, respectively, of operating and investment expenses relate to
services and expenses provided by the AIG Group under these agreements.
Approximately $184 million (11%), $167 million (11%) and $181 million (12%)
of gross premiums written by TRH in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively, were
attributable to reinsurance purchased by the AIG Group, for the production of
which TRH paid ceding commissions to the AIG Group of $34 million, $31 million
and $32 million, respectively, in such years. (See Note 12 for information
relating to reinsurance ceded to related parties.)
47
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
11. DIVIDEND RESTRICTION AND STATUTORY FINANCIAL DATA
The payment of dividends by the Company is dependent on the ability of its
subsidiaries to pay dividends. The payment of dividends by TRC and its
wholly-owned subsidiaries, TRZ and Putnam, is restricted by insurance
regulations. Under New York insurance law, TRC and Putnam may pay dividends only
out of their statutory earned surplus. Generally, the maximum amount of
dividends that a company may pay without regulatory approval in any twelve-month
period is the lesser of adjusted net investment income or 10% of statutory
policyholders' surplus as of the end of the most recently reported quarter
unless the New York Insurance Department, upon prior application, approves a
greater dividend distribution. Adjusted net investment income is defined for
this purpose to include net investment income for the twelve months immediately
preceding the declaration or distribution of the current dividend increased by
the excess, if any, of net investment income over dividends declared or
distributed during the period commencing thirty-six months prior to the
declaration or distribution of the current dividend and ending twelve months
prior thereto. The statutory surplus of TRC includes the statutory surplus of
Putnam since all the capital stock of Putnam is owned by TRC. At December 31,
1999, TRC had statutory earned surplus of $921,465,000 and, in 2000, could pay
dividends of approximately $144,257,000 without such regulatory approval.
Statutory surplus and net income as reported to the New York Insurance
Department were as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
TRC
Statutory surplus.................................... $1,442,571 $1,343,659 $1,163,856
Statutory net income................................. 131,479 209,752 163,353
Putnam
Statutory surplus.................................... 104,317 109,771 108,991
Statutory net income................................. 9,443 9,872 8,981
TRC and Putnam each prepare statutory financial statements in accordance
with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by New York -- their state of
domicile. Prescribed statutory accounting practices are discussed in a variety
of publications of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC),
as well as in state laws, regulations and general administrative rules.
Permitted statutory accounting practices encompass all accounting practices not
so prescribed. All material statutory accounting practices of TRC and Putnam are
prescribed in the authoritative literature described above.
12. REINSURANCE CEDED
In the normal course of business, TRH purchases reinsurance from its
retrocessionnaires to reduce the effect of individual or aggregate losses and to
allow increased gross premium writings and afford greater risk capacity without
necessarily requiring additional capital.
TRH's ceded reinsurance agreements consist of pro rata and excess-of-loss
contracts. Under pro rata reinsurance, TRH and its retrocessionnaires share
premiums, losses and expenses in an agreed upon proportion. For consideration,
generally based on a percentage of premiums of the individual policy or policies
subject to the reinsurance agreement, excess-of-loss contracts provide
reimbursement to TRH for losses in excess of a predetermined amount up to a
predetermined limit.
48
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
12. REINSURANCE CEDED (CONTINUED)
Premiums written and earned and losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred
are comprised as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Gross premiums assumed................................... $1,690,714 $1,566,885 $1,463,318
---------- ---------- ----------
Reinsurance ceded:
AIG Affiliates....................................... 100,415 93,413 84,355
Other................................................ 91,775 79,772 84,827
---------- ---------- ----------
192,190 173,185 169,182
---------- ---------- ----------
Net premiums written..................................... $1,498,524 $1,393,700 $1,294,136
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
Gross premiums earned.................................... $1,675,233 $1,545,215 $1,432,994
---------- ---------- ----------
Reinsurance ceded:
AIG Affiliates....................................... 102,987 83,472 88,241
Other................................................ 87,612 81,173 85,502
---------- ---------- ----------
190,599 164,645 173,743
---------- ---------- ----------
Net premiums earned...................................... $1,484,634 $1,380,570 $1,259,251
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
Gross incurred losses and loss adjustment expenses....... $1,375,589 $1,226,992 $1,040,623
Reinsurance ceded........................................ 226,772 206,104 107,608
---------- ---------- ----------
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses.................. $1,148,817 $1,020,888 $ 933,015
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
Amounts recoverable from retrocessionnaires are recognized in a manner
consistent with the claims liabilities associated with the retrocession and are
presented on the balance sheet as reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid
losses and loss adjustment expenses. Such balances at December 31, 1999 and 1998
are comprised as follows:
1999 1998
--------------------- ---------------------
AIG AIG
AFFILIATES OTHER Affiliates Other
---------- ----- ---------- -----
(in thousands)
Paid................................................ $ 15,380 $ 23,445 $ 8,602 $ 8,655
Unpaid.............................................. 278,767 250,969 222,441 224,461
-------- -------- -------- --------
Total........................................... $294,147 $274,414 $231,043 $233,116
-------- -------- -------- --------
-------- -------- -------- --------
Ceded reinsurance arrangements do not relieve TRH from its obligations to
the insurers and reinsurers from whom it assumes business. The failure of
retrocessionnaires to honor their obligation could result in losses to TRH;
consequently, an allowance has been established for estimated unrecoverable
reinsurance on paid and unpaid losses totaling $13.0 million in both 1999 and
1998. TRH evaluates the financial condition of its retrocessionnaires through a
security committee. With respect to reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid
losses and prepaid reinsurance premiums, TRH holds substantial amounts of funds
and letters of credit to collateralize these amounts. Such funds and letters of
credit can be drawn on for amounts remaining unpaid beyond contract terms. No
uncollateralized amounts recoverable from a single retrocessionnaire, other than
amounts due from AIG affiliates, are considered material to the financial
position of TRH.
13. SEGMENT INFORMATION
TRH conducts its business and assesses performance through segments
organized along geographic lines. Financial data from offices in London, Paris
and Zurich are reported in the aggregate as Europe
49
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
13. SEGMENT OF INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
and considered as one segment due to operational and regional similarities. Data
from offices in the Americas, other than those in the United States which
underwrite primarily domestic business, and from offices in the Asia Pacific
region are grouped as International -- Other and represent the aggregation of
non-material segments. In each segment, property and casualty reinsurance is
provided to insurers and reinsurers on a treaty and facultative basis, through
brokers or directly to ceding companies.
A significant portion of assets and liabilities of TRH's international
operations relate to the countries where ceding companies and reinsurers are
located. Most investments are located in the country of domicile of these
operations. In addition to licensing requirements, TRH's international
operations are regulated in various jurisdictions with respect to currency,
amount and type of security deposits, amount and type of reserves and amount and
type of local investment. Regulations governing constitution of technical
reserves and remittance balances in some countries may hinder remittance of
profits and repatriation of assets.
While the great majority of premium revenues and assets relate to the
regions where particular offices are located, a portion of such amounts are
derived from other regions of the world. In addition, two large international
brokers each accounted for non-AIG business equal to 14% of consolidated
revenues, with a significant portion in each segment.
The following table is a summary of financial data by segment:
INTERNATIONAL
---------------------
DOMESTIC EUROPE(3) OTHER CONSOLIDATED
-------- --------- ----- ------------
(in thousands)
1999
REVENUES(1)(2)................................ $1,020,806 $ 615,683 $161,677 $1,798,166
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES(2)................. 260,075 (2,607) (21,371) 236,097
SEGMENT ASSETS(4)............................. 3,932,305 1,111,175 436,718 5,480,198
International
---------------------
Domestic Europe(3) Other Consolidated
-------- --------- ----- ------------
(in thousands)
1998
Revenues(1)(2)................................ $ 986,552 $ 610,063 $126,854 $1,723,469
Income before income taxes(2)................. 287,486 40,502 (4,637) 323,351
Segment assets(4)............................. 3,851,473 1,018,009 383,767 5,253,249
International
---------------------
Domestic Europe(3) Other Consolidated
-------- --------- ----- ------------
(in thousands)
1997
Revenues(1)(2)................................ $ 839,979 $ 534,839 $125,018 $1,499,836
Income before income taxes(2)................. 174,312 45,137 15,277 234,726
Segment assets(4)............................. 3,598,583 904,624 331,773 4,834,980
- ---------
(1) Revenues represent the sum of net premiums earned, net investment income and
realized net capital gains.
(2) Domestic revenues and income before income taxes include realized net
capital gains of $82,162, $118,601 and $31,727 in 1999, 1998 and 1997,
respectively. Realized net capital gains for other segments in each of the
years presented is not material.
(3) Includes revenues from the London, England office of $350,398, $331,944 and
$298,523 in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively, and revenues from the Zurich,
Switzerland office of $133,964, $155,628 and $186,780 in 1999, 1998 and
1997, respectively.
(4) As of December 31.
50
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
13. SEGMENT INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Net premiums earned by major product grouping are as follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---------- ---------- ----------
(in thousands)
Casualty
Auto liability....................................... $ 308,194 $ 272,950 $ 201,755
Other liability*..................................... 256,349 248,175 187,869
Ocean marine and aviation............................ 146,623 192,827 180,455
Medical malpractice.................................. 141,932 91,749 133,034
Accident and health.................................. 130,927 69,835 27,343
Surety, credit and financial guaranty................ 70,652 65,366 58,710
Other................................................ 45,034 40,856 40,382
---------- ---------- ----------
Total casualty................................... 1,099,711 981,758 829,548
---------- ---------- ----------
Property
Fire................................................. 177,758 176,834 210,387
Homeowners multiple peril............................ 62,913 64,214 55,227
Allied lines......................................... 44,607 68,544 69,814
Auto physical damage................................. 47,551 44,252 43,985
Other................................................ 52,094 44,968 50,290
---------- ---------- ----------
Total property................................... 384,923 398,812 429,703
---------- ---------- ----------
Total............................................ $1,484,634 $1,380,570 $1,259,251
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
- ---------
* A significant portion of this product grouping includes more complex risks
such as professional liability (other than medical malpractice), directors'
and officers' liability, errors and omissions and environmental impairment
liability.
51
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
14. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly financial data for each of
the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998. However, in the opinion of
management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, necessary
to present fairly the results of operations for such periods have been made.
THREE MONTHS ENDED
---------------------------------------------------
MARCH 31, JUNE 30, SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31,
1999 1999 1999 1999
---- ---- ---- ----
(in thousands, except per share data)
NET PREMIUMS WRITTEN........................... $357,218 $360,043 $401,473 $379,790
NET PREMIUMS EARNED............................ 332,041 362,316 383,419 406,858
NET INVESTMENT INCOME.......................... 55,313 58,495 58,465 58,466
REALIZED NET CAPITAL GAINS..................... 41,728 18,015 8,519 14,531
OPERATING INCOME............................... 96,685 76,871 44,762 17,917
NET INCOME..................................... 74,228 59,279 36,188 17,667
NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE:
BASIC...................................... 2.14 1.71 1.04 0.51
DILUTED.................................... 2.13 1.70 1.04 0.51
Three Months Ended
---------------------------------------------------
March 31, June 30, September 30, December 31,
1998 1998 1998 1998
---- ---- ---- ----
(in thousands, except per share data)
Net premiums written........................... $332,528 $330,208 $379,094 $351,870
Net premiums earned............................ 314,397 340,247 362,915 363,011
Net investment income.......................... 53,674 55,600 56,324 56,402
Realized net capital gains..................... 7,277 29,339 69,414 14,869
Operating income............................... 60,144 85,231 105,759 72,446
Net income..................................... 47,830 64,668 78,686 56,339
Net income per common share:
Basic...................................... 1.38 1.87 2.27 1.63
Diluted.................................... 1.37 1.86 2.25 1.62
52
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There have been no changes in nor any disagreements with accountants on
accounting and financial disclosure within the twenty-four months ended
December 31, 1999.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information required by this Item concerning directors of the Company is
included in the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2000 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days
after the end of the Company's fiscal year (the '2000 Proxy Statement'), in the
section captioned 'Election of Directors,' and such information is incorporated
herein by reference. Information required by this Item concerning the executive
officers of the Company is included in Part I of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K under the section captioned 'Directors and Executive Officers of the
Registrant.' Information required by this Item concerning compliance with
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is included in
the 2000 Proxy Statement under the caption 'Election of Directors: `Ownership of
Certain Securities,' ' and such information is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information required by this Item is included in the 2000 Proxy Statement in
the sections captioned 'Election of Directors: `Compensation of Directors and
Executive Officers,' `Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation' and `Pension Benefits,' ' and such information is incorporated
herein by reference. The sections of the 2000 Proxy Statement captioned
'Election of Directors: `Committee Reports on Executive Compensation' and
`Performance Graph' ' are not incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Information required by this Item is included in the 2000 Proxy Statement in
the sections captioned 'Beneficial Ownership' and 'Election of Directors:
`Ownership of Certain Securities,' ' and such information is incorporated herein
by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information required by this Item is included in the 2000 Proxy Statement in
the sections captioned 'Election of Directors: `Compensation Committee
Interlocks and Insider Participation,' `Relationship with AIG,' `AIG Group
Reinsurance,' `Certain Transactions with the AIG Group' and `Relationship with
SICO and Starr,' ' and such information is incorporated herein by reference.
53
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Financial Statements and Exhibits
1. Financial Statements and Schedules
See accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in
Item 8. Schedules not included in the accompanying index have been
omitted because they are not applicable.
2. Exhibits
3.1.1 -- Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of
Incorporation, dated May 25, 1999.
21.1 -- Subsidiaries of Registrant.
23.1 -- Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
27.1 -- Financial Data Schedule.
See accompanying Exhibit Index for additional Exhibits incorporated
by reference.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the last quarter of 1999.
54
SIGNATURES
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THE REGISTRANT HAS DULY CAUSED THIS REPORT TO BE SIGNED ON
ITS BEHALF BY THE UNDERSIGNED, THEREUNTO DULY AUTHORIZED.
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC.
By: /s/ ROBERT F. ORLICH
.................................
Robert F. Orlich
Title: President and Chief
Executive Officer
March 23, 2000
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THIS
REPORT HAS BEEN SIGNED BELOW BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS ON BEHALF OF THE
REGISTRANT AND IN THE CAPACITIES AND ON THE DATES INDICATED.
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
/s/ ROBERT F. ORLICH President and Chief Executive Officer March 23, 2000
......................................... (principal executive officer);
Robert F. Orlich Director
/s/ STEVEN S. SKALICKY Executive Vice President and Chief March 23, 2000
......................................... Financial Officer (principal
Steven S. Skalicky financial and accounting officer)
/s/ JAMES BALOG Director March 23, 2000
.........................................
James Balog
Director
.........................................
C. Fred Bergsten
Director
.........................................
Ikuo Egashira
Director
.........................................
M. R. Greenberg
/s/ JOHN J. MACKOWSKI Director March 23, 2000
.........................................
John J. Mackowski
Director
.........................................
Edward E. Matthews
/s/ HOWARD I. SMITH Director March 23, 2000
.........................................
Howard I. Smith
/s/ THOMAS R. TIZZIO Director March 23, 2000
.........................................
Thomas R. Tizzio
55
SCHEDULE I
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS -- OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999
AMOUNT AT
WHICH SHOWN
COST OR IN THE
AMORTIZED MARKET BALANCE
TYPE OF INVESTMENT COST* VALUE SHEET
------------------ ----- ----- -----
(in thousands)
Fixed maturities:
Bonds:
U.S. Government and government agencies
and authorities................................ $ 316,189 $ 311,174 $ 311,174
States, foreign and domestic municipalities and
political subdivisions......................... 2,240,108 2,195,211 2,174,439
Foreign governments.............................. 345,162 349,635 349,635
Public utilities................................. 99,003 97,989 97,989
All other corporate.............................. 542,436 528,889 528,889
---------- ---------- ----------
Total fixed maturities....................... 3,542,898 3,482,898 3,462,126
---------- ---------- ----------
Equities:
Common stocks:
Public utilities................................. 1,825 2,133 2,133
Banks, trust and insurance companies............. 42,959 50,182 50,182
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other.......... 363,681 484,834 484,834
---------- ---------- ----------
Total common stocks.......................... 408,465 537,149 537,149
Nonredeemable preferred stocks....................... 52,324 51,192 51,192
---------- ---------- ----------
Total equities............................... 460,789 588,341 588,341
---------- ---------- ----------
Other invested assets.................................... 170,438 173,043 173,043
---------- ---------- ----------
Short-term investments................................... 5,935 5,935 5,935
---------- ---------- ----------
Total investments............................ $4,180,060 $4,250,217 $4,229,445
---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ----------
- ---------
* Investments in fixed maturities are shown at amortized cost.
S-1
SCHEDULE II
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
BALANCE SHEETS
(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
1999 1998
---- ----
(in thousands)
Assets:
Bonds available for sale, at market value (amortized
cost: 1999 -- $14,406; 1998 -- $12,014)............... $ 14,128 $ 12,205
Cash and cash equivalents............................... 308 415
Investment in subsidiaries.............................. 1,629,916 1,599,335
Other assets............................................ 870 799
Dividend due from subsidiary............................ 4,350 3,815
---------- ----------
Total assets........................................ $1,649,572 $1,616,569
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Liabilities:
Dividends payable....................................... $ 4,350 $ 3,815
Accrued liabilities..................................... 2,705 2,615
---------- ----------
Total liabilities................................... 7,055 6,430
---------- ----------
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock......................................... -- --
Common Stock............................................ 35,528 35,467
Additional paid-in capital.............................. 200,567 198,425
Accumulated other comprehensive income.................. 18,212 158,552
Retained earnings....................................... 1,398,210 1,227,695
Treasury Stock, at cost; 800,000 shares................. (10,000) (10,000)
---------- ----------
Total stockholders' equity.......................... 1,642,517 1,610,139
---------- ----------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity.......... $1,649,572 $1,616,569
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
See Notes to Condensed Financial Information of Registrant -- (Parent Company
Only)
S-2
SCHEDULE II
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT -- (CONTINUED)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Revenues:
Net investment income (principally dividends from
subsidiary)........................................... $ 17,662 $ 15,618 $ 14,710
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries.......... 170,613 233,138 172,494
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues...................................... 188,275 248,756 187,204
Operating expenses.......................................... 1,123 1,527 2,338
-------- -------- --------
Income before income taxes.................................. 187,152 247,229 184,866
Income tax benefits -- current.............................. (210) (294) (634)
-------- -------- --------
Net income.......................................... $187,362 $247,523 $185,500
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
See Notes to Condensed Financial Information of Registrant -- (Parent Company
Only)
S-3
SCHEDULE II
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT -- (CONTINUED)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income.............................................. $ 187,362 $ 247,523 $ 185,500
--------- --------- ---------
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided
by operating activities:
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries...... (170,613) (233,138) (172,494)
Change in dividend due from subsidiary.............. (535) (355) (349)
Changes in other assets and accrued liabilities..... 223 638 950
--------- --------- ---------
Total adjustments............................... (170,925) (232,855) (171,893)
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash provided by operating activities....... 16,437 14,668 13,607
--------- --------- ---------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of bonds....................................... (2,435) (3,029) (1,474)
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash used in investing activities........... (2,435) (3,029) (1,474)
--------- --------- ---------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends to stockholders............................... (16,312) (14,550) (13,132)
Proceeds from common stock issued....................... 2,203 3,035 1,014
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash from financing activities.............. (14,109) (11,515) (12,118)
--------- --------- ---------
Change in cash and cash equivalents............. (107) 124 15
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year................ 415 291 276
--------- --------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year...................... $ 308 $ 415 $ 291
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
- ---------
Notes to Condensed Financial Information of Registrant -- (Parent Company Only)
(1) The condensed financial information of registrant should be read in
conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere herein.
(2) Investment in subsidiaries is reflected on the equity method.
S-4
SCHEDULE III
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 AND FOR THE YEARS THEN ENDED
NET
UNPAID COMMISSIONS
LOSSES AND NET LOSSES AND CHANGE
DEFERRED LOSS NET NET AND LOSS IN DEFERRED
ACQUISITION ADJUSTMENT UNEARNED PREMIUMS INVESTMENT ADJUSTMENT ACQUISITION
COSTS EXPENSES PREMIUMS EARNED INCOME EXPENSES COSTS
----- -------- -------- ------ ------ -------- -----
(in thousands)
1999
PROPERTY-CASUALTY
DOMESTIC................. $33,932 $2,277,655 $236,598 $ 768,633 $170,011 $ 537,145 $199,843
INTERNATIONAL:
EUROPE................ 16,889 788,187 98,382 565,692 49,975 482,326 119,390
OTHER................. 20,201 239,089 62,803 150,309 10,753 129,346 43,252
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
CONSOLIDATED....... $71,022 $3,304,931 $397,783 $1,484,634 $230,739 $1,148,817 $362,485
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
1998
Property-Casualty
Domestic................. $38,412 $2,266,341 $214,255 $ 708,436 $159,515 $ 507,357 $167,770
International:
Europe................ 15,785 638,036 95,381 556,301 52,532 421,638 132,041
Other................. 13,381 211,661 77,016 115,833 9,953 91,893 30,432
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
Consolidated....... $67,578 $3,116,038 $386,652 $1,380,570 $222,000 $1,020,888 $330,243
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
1997
Property-Casualty
Domestic................. $36,965 $2,193,704 $207,589 $ 656,534 $151,718 $ 504,023 $137,304
International:
Europe................ 17,883 544,626 102,791 488,883 45,906 360,634 117,458
Other................. 9,904 180,452 56,260 113,834 10,022 68,358 33,667
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
Consolidated....... $64,752 $2,918,782 $366,640 $1,259,251 $207,646 $ 933,015 $288,429
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
OTHER NET
OPERATING PREMIUMS
EXPENSES WRITTEN
-------- -------
(in thousands)
1999
PROPERTY-CASUALTY
DOMESTIC................. $23,782 $ 750,623
INTERNATIONAL:
EUROPE................ 16,426 570,647
OTHER................. 10,421 177,254
------- ----------
CONSOLIDATED....... $50,629 $1,498,524
------- ----------
------- ----------
1998
Property-Casualty
Domestic................. $23,308 $ 711,689
International:
Europe................ 16,432 547,770
Other................. 9,018 134,241
------- ----------
Consolidated....... $48,758 $1,393,700
------- ----------
------- ----------
1997
Property-Casualty
Domestic................. $23,161 $ 669,959
International:
Europe................ 11,609 506,275
Other................. 7,526 117,902
------- ----------
Consolidated....... $42,296 $1,294,136
------- ----------
------- ----------
S-5
SCHEDULE IV
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
REINSURANCE
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
PERCENTAGE
OF
CEDED TO ASSUMED AMOUNT
GROSS OTHER FROM OTHER ASSUMED
AMOUNT COMPANIES COMPANIES NET AMOUNT TO NET
------ --------- --------- ---------- ------
(in thousands)
1999
PREMIUMS WRITTEN:
PROPERTY-CASUALTY............... -- $192,190 $1,690,714 $1,498,524 113%
1998
Premiums written:
Property-Casualty............... -- $173,185 $1,566,885 $1,393,700 112%
1997
Premiums written:
Property-Casualty............... -- $169,182 $1,463,318 $1,294,136 113%
S-6
SCHEDULE VI
TRANSATLANTIC HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION CONCERNING
PROPERTY/CASUALTY INSURANCE OPERATIONS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997 AND FOR THE YEARS THEN ENDED
NET LOSSES AND LOSS
UNPAID ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES NET PAID
LOSSES AND RELATED TO LOSSES AND
DEFERRED LOSS DISCOUNT NET NET --------------------- LOSS
ACQUISITION ADJUSTMENT IF ANY UNEARNED PREMIUMS INVESTMENT CURRENT PRIOR ADJUSTMENT
COSTS EXPENSES DEDUCTED PREMIUMS EARNED INCOME YEAR YEARS EXPENSES
----- -------- -------- -------- ------ ------ ---- ----- --------
(in thousands)
1999................. $71,022 $3,304,931 -- $397,783 $1,484,634 $230,739 $1,216,294 $(67,477) $1,042,758
1998................. $67,578 $3,116,038 -- $386,652 $1,380,570 $222,000 $1,080,377 $(59,489) $ 887,513
1997................. $64,752 $2,918,782 -- $366,640 $1,259,251 $207,646 $ 947,578 $(14,563) $ 793,815
NET
COMMISSIONS
AND CHANGE
IN DEFERRED NET
ACQUISITION PREMIUMS
COSTS WRITTEN
----- -------
(in thousands)
1999................. $362,485 $1,498,524
1998................. $330,243 $1,393,700
1997................. $288,429 $1,294,136
S-7
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT
NO. DESCRIPTION LOCATION
--- ----------- --------
3.1 -- Certificate of Incorporation, as
amended through April 19, 1990.......... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
3.1.1 -- Certificate of Amendment of the
Certificate of Incorporation, dated
May 25, 1999............................ Filed herewith.
3.2 -- Amended and Restated By-Laws, as of
March 25, 1999.......................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's 1998
Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
1-10545) and incorporated herein by
reference.
4.1 -- Form of Common Stock Certificate........ Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.1 -- Amended and Restated Shareholders
Agreement among American Express
Company, Gulf Insurance Company, The
Lambert Brussels Financial Corporation,
Stoneridge Limited, Mavron Ltd.,
American International Group, Inc.,
American Home Assurance Company,
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company,
certain trustees under an Indenture of
Trust made by SwissRe Holding Limited,
SwissRe Holding Limited, General Re
Corporation, Compagnie Financiere et de
Reassurance du Groupe AG, Daido Mutual
Life Insurance Company, The Nichido Fire
and Marine Insurance Company, Limited,
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company, and
PREINCO Holdings, Inc., dated
January 5, 1990......................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.2 -- Exclusive Agency Agreement between
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company and
American Home Assurance Company, dated
February 27, 1980....................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.3 -- Service and Expense Agreement among
PREINCO Holdings, Inc., Putnam Rein-
surance Company, and American Interna-
tional Group, Inc. dated July 1, 1986... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.4 -- Service and Expense Agreement between
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company and
American International Group, Inc.,
dated December 15, 1977................. Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
EXHIBIT
NO. DESCRIPTION LOCATION
--- ----------- --------
10.5 -- Investment Management Contract between
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company and
AIG Global Investors, Inc. dated
August 1, 1986.......................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.6 -- Investment Management Contract between
Putnam Reinsurance Company and AIG
Global Investors, Inc. dated August 1,
1986.................................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.7 -- Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. 1990 Stock
Option Plan*............................ Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.7(a) -- Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. 1990
Employee Stock Purchase Plan*........... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-41474)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.7(b) -- Amended Transatlantic Holdings, Inc.
1990 Stock Option Plan*................. Filed as exhibit to the Company's 1992
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 1992 (File
No. 1-10545) and incorporated herein by
reference.
10.7(c) -- Transatlantic Holdings, Inc. 1995 Stock
Option Plan and form of Director Option
Agreement*.............................. Filed as exhibits to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File
No. 33-99764) and incorporated herein by
reference.
10.7(d) -- Amendment to Transatlantic Holdings,
Inc. 1990 Employee Stock Purchase Plan,
effective as of December 7, 1995*....... Filed as exhibit to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10545)
dated January 31, 1996, and incorporated
herein by reference.
10.8 -- Transatlantic Reinsurance Company 1989
Stock Option Plan*...................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.9 -- Transatlantic Reinsurance Company 1984
Stock Option Plan*...................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.10 -- Transatlantic Reinsurance Company 1979
Stock Option Plan*...................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
EXHIBIT
NO. DESCRIPTION LOCATION
--- ----------- --------
10.11 -- Quota Share Reinsurance Treaty between
National Union Fire Insurance Company of
Pittsburgh, Pa. and Transatlantic
Reinsurance Company, dated June 5,
1978.................................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.12 -- Quota Share Reinsurance Treaty between
New Hampshire Insurance Company and
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company, dated
February 9, 1978........................ Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.13 -- Quota Share Reinsurance Treaty between
American International Underwriters
Overseas Ltd. and Transatlantic
Reinsurance Company, dated
September 22, 1978...................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.14 -- Surplus Treaty between American
International Group Companies and
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company, dated
September 29, 1989...................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.15 -- Quota Share Reinsurance Treaty among
Lexington Insurance Company, Landmark
Insurance Company, New Hampshire
Insurance Company and Transatlantic
Reinsurance Company, dated February 28,
1990.................................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.16 -- Representative Facultative Insurance
Certificate for Casualty Reinsurance
Risk (Certificate between National Union
Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh,
Pa. and Transatlantic Reinsurance
Company, dated January 9, 1990)......... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.17 -- Representative Facultative Insurance
Certificate for Property Reinsurance
Risk (Certificate between American Home
Assurance Company and Transatlantic
Reinsurance Company, dated March 7,
1990)................................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
EXHIBIT
NO. DESCRIPTION LOCATION
--- ----------- --------
10.18 -- Agreement between American Interna-
tional Group, Inc. and Transatlantic
Reinsurance Company, dated December 15,
1977, providing Transatlantic
Reinsurance Company with a right of
first acceptance of reinsurance of risks
insured by affiliates of American
International Group, Inc................ Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.19 -- Aggregate Excess Treaty between
Transatlantic Reinsurance Company and
National Union Fire Insurance Company of
Pittsburgh, Pa., dated November 15,
1989.................................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's
Registration Statement (File No. 33-34433)
and incorporated herein by reference.
10.20 -- Management Agreement between Transat-
lantic Reinsurance Company and Putnam
Reinsurance Company, dated February 15,
1991.................................... Filed as exhibit to the Company's 1995
Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
1-10545) and incorporated herein by
reference.
10.21 -- Quota Share Reinsurance Agreement
between Transatlantic Reinsurance Com-
pany and Putnam Reinsurance Company,
dated December 6, 1995.................. Filed as exhibit to the Company's 1995
Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
1-10545) and incorporated herein by
reference.
21.1 -- Subsidiaries of the registrant.......... Filed herewith.
23.1 -- Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP... Filed herewith.
27.1 -- Financial Data Schedule................. Provided herewith.
- ---------
* Management compensation plan.