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                                                                 EXHIBIT (a)(6)

            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE
PAYER -- Social Security Numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens:
i.e., 000-00-0000. Employer Identification Numbers have nine digits separated by
only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the
number to give the Payer.



- ------------------------------------------------------------
                                          GIVE THE NAME AND
                                           SOCIAL SECURITY
       FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:             NUMBER OF:
- ------------------------------------------------------------
                                   
 1.  An individual's account.            The individual.
 2.  Two or more individuals (joint      The actual owner of
     account).                           the account or, if
                                         combined funds, any
                                         one of the
                                         individuals(1).
 3.  Husband and wife (joint account).   The actual owner of
                                         the account or, if
                                         joint funds, either
                                         person(1).
 4.  Custodian account of a minor        The minor(2).
     (Uniform Gift to Minors Act).
 5.  Adult and minor (joint account).    The adult or, if
                                         the minor is the
                                         only contributor,
                                         the minor(1).
 6.  Account in the name of guardian or  The ward, minor, or
     committee for a designated ward,    incompetent
     minor, or incompetent person.       person(3).
 7.  (a) The usual revocable savings     The grantor-
         trust account (grantor is also  trustee(1).
         a trustee).
     (b) So-called trust account that    The actual
         is not a legal or valid trust   owner(1).
         under state law.
- ------------------------------------------------------------




- ------------------------------------------------------------
                                          GIVE THE NAME AND
                                              EMPLOYER
                                           IDENTIFICATION
       FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:             NUMBER OF:
- ------------------------------------------------------------
                                   
 8.  Sole proprietorship.                The owner(4).
 9.  A valid trust, estate, or pension   The legal entity
     trust.                              (do not furnish the
                                         identifying number
                                         of the personal
                                         representative or
                                         trustee unless the
                                         legal entity itself
                                         is not designated
                                         in the account
                                         title)(5).
10.  Corporate.                          The corporation.
11.  Religious, charitable or            The organization.
     educational organization.
12.  Partnership account held in the     The partnership.
     name of the business.
13.  Association, club or other tax-     The organization.
     exempt organization.
14.  A broker or registered nominee.     The broker or
                                         nominee.
15.  Account with the Department of      The public entity.
     Agriculture in the name of a
     public entity (such as a state or
     local governmental, school
     district or prison) that receives
     agricultural program payments.
- ------------------------------------------------------------


(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If
    only one person on a joint account has a Social Security Number, that
    person's number must be furnished.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's Social Security Number.
(3) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
    person's Social Security Number.
(4) Show the name of the owner.
(5) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.

NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be
      considered to be that of the first name listed.
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            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

                                     PAGE 2

OBTAINING A NUMBER
If you don't have a Taxpayer Identification Number or you don't know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or Form
SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office of the
Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply for a
number.

PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include the
following:
  - A corporation.
  - A financial institution.
  - An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) or an individual
    retirement plan.
  - The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
  - A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any
    subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
  - A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
    any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
  - An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
  - A registered dealer in securities or commodities required in the U.S. or a
    possession of the U.S.
  - A real estate investment trust.
  - A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).
  - An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
    section 4947(a)(1).
  - An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
  - A foreign central bank of issue.
  Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:
  - Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
  - Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
    which have at least one nonresident partner.
  - Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
    money.
  - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
  - Payments made to a nominee.
  Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding including the
following:
  - Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals.
NOTE: You may be subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more
and is paid in the course of the payer's trade or business and such payee has
not provided your correct Taxpayer Identification Number to the payer.
  - Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
    section 852).
  - Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
  - Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
  - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
  - Payments made to a nominee.
EXEMPT PAYEE DESCRIBED ABOVE SHOULD FILE FORM W-9 TO AVOID POSSIBLE ERRONEOUS
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, AND RETURN IT TO
THE PAYER. IF THE PAYMENTS ARE INTEREST, DIVIDENDS, OR PATRONAGE DIVIDENDS, ALSO
SIGN AND DATE THE FORM.

  Certain payments other than interest, dividends and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041A(a),
6045 and 6050A.

PRIVACY ACT NOTICE -- Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividends,
interest, or other payments to give Taxpayer Identification Numbers to payers
who must report the payments to the IRS. IRS uses the numbers for identification
purposes. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are
required to file tax returns. Beginning January 1, 1993, payers must generally
withhold 31% of taxable interest, dividend and certain other payments to a payee
who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain
penalties may also apply.

PENALTIES
(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS -- If you
fail to furnish your Taxpayer Identification Number to a payer, you are subject
to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING -- If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION -- Falsifying certifications or
affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.

                  FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, CONTACT YOUR TAX
                  CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.