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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 20-F
(MARK ONE)
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE
- ------- SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
X ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
- ------- EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000
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OR
TRANSITION REPORT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT
- ------- OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
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Commission file number: 0-21944
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MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
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(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
The Netherlands
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(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Transpolis Schiphol Airport, Polaris Avenue 23,
2132 JH Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
None
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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
Common Shares, par value one Dutch Guilder per share
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(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d)
of the Act.
None
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Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of
capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report (December 31, 2000).
Common Shares, par value one Dutch Guilder per share: 53,928,726
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. [X]Yes [ ]No
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected
to follow. [ ] Item 17 [X] Item 18
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MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Forward Looking Statements.................................................................................. 2
Introductory Note........................................................................................... 3
PART I 4
Item 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS................................. 4
Item 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE............................................... 4
Item 3. KEY INFORMATION....................................................................... 4
A. Selected Financial Data............................................................... 4
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness....................................................... 6
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds............................................. 6
D. Risk Factors.......................................................................... 7
Item 4. INFORMATION ON OUR COMPANY............................................................ 18
A. History and Development............................................................... 18
B. Business Overview..................................................................... 21
C. Organizational Structure.............................................................. 36
D. Property, Plants & Equipment.......................................................... 37
Item 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS.......................................... 38
A. Operating Results..................................................................... 39
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources....................................................... 46
C. Research and Developments, Patents and Licenses, etc.................................. 49
D. Trend Information..................................................................... 49
Item 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES............................................ 50
A. Directors and Senior Management....................................................... 50
B. Compensation.......................................................................... 51
C. Board Practices....................................................................... 54
D. Employees............................................................................. 54
E. Share Ownership....................................................................... 55
Item 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS..................................... 56
A. Major Shareholders.................................................................... 56
B. Related Party Transactions............................................................ 57
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel...................................................... 58
Item 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION................................................................. 58
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information............................... 58
B. Significant Changes................................................................... 60
Item 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS......................................................... 60
A. Offering and Listing Details.......................................................... 60
B. Plan of Distribution.................................................................. 60
C. Share Price and Market................................................................ 60
D. Selling Shareholders.................................................................. 61
E. Dilution.............................................................................. 61
F. Expense of Issue...................................................................... 61
Item 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION................................................................ 61
A. Share Capital......................................................................... 61
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association................................................ 61
C. Material Contracts.................................................................... 64
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D. Exchange Controls..................................................................... 67
E. Taxation.............................................................................. 67
F. Dividends and Paying Agents........................................................... 72
G. Statement by Experts.................................................................. 72
H. Documents on Display.................................................................. 72
I. Subsidiary Information................................................................ 72
Item 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK............................. 72
Item 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES................................ 73
PART II. 73
Item 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES....................................... 73
Item 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS.............. 73
PART III. 73
Item 15. RESERVED.............................................................................. 73
Item 16. RESERVED.............................................................................. 73
PART IV 74
Item 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................. 74
Item 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................. 74
Item 19. EXHIBITS INDEX........................................................................ 74
Signatures.................................................................................................. 77
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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Our operating results have in the past and may be in the future
affected by various risk factors, many of which are beyond our control. Certain
of the statements included in this Annual Report on Form 20-F express our
"anticipation," "belief," "commitment," "expectation," "intention," "goals,"
"plans" or similar terms, including those regarding:
- - our ability to complete the planned sale of Madge.web's global Trader
Voice business by mid July 2001 and to sell some other assets of
Madge.web
- - the adequacy of our financial resources and our ability to raise
additional financing
- - events that could reduce the value of our Red-M shareholding or dilute
our holding in Red-M
- - the success of cost reduction plans in Madge.connect and the corporate
functions of the Company
- - the size of markets for our products and services
Such statements as well as other statements that are not historical
fact, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and involve risks and
uncertainties referred to in this Annual Report on Form 20-F under Item 3D "Risk
Factors" and elsewhere herein. Actual results, actions or events could differ
materially. Risks include, among other factors:
- - our inability to complete the planned sale of Madge.web's global Trader
Voice business and the fact that if we cannot do this by mid July, we
will have to liquidate additional Madge.web legal entities and may have
increased difficulty in operating as a going concern
- - our inability either to sell the Madge.web's global Trader Voice
business and pass on the operational guarantees we entered into in
relation to this business or to otherwise mitigate our obligations in
relation to guarantees given regarding the Madge.web business
- - our inability to maintain our existing sources of capital or raise
additional capital we may require and the fact that if we cannot
maintain or obtain this funding on commercially reasonable terms we may
not be able to continue as a going concern
- - our continued dependence upon revenue from Token Ring products for the
forseeable future
- - the likelihood that our common shares will be delisted from the Nasdaq
National Market
- - our ability to reduce our costs in line with our reduced business
- - our dependence upon a limited number of suppliers for our Token Ring
products
- - intense industry competition
- - rapid or unexpected changes in technologies
You are urged to carefully consider these factors as well as other
information contained within this Annual Report on Form 20-F and in our other
periodic reports and documents filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
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INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Madge Networks N.V. ("Madge") is a global provider of advanced
Internet-centric network services and products, and mission-critical enterprise
solutions. Until April 2001, we operated through three subsidiary groups,
Madge.connect, Red-M and Madge.web: Madge.connect is a global supplier of Token
Ring LAN product solutions for mission-critical enterprise networks. Red-M is a
pioneering developer of Bluetooth networking solutions that enable access to a
range of voice, video and data from a range of mobile devices. As of April 2001
we no longer own a majority of the voting or equity interests of Red-M.
Madge.web was a global provider of rich content applications, content
distribution and managed network services. We are seeking purchasers for
Madge.web's business and assets. Madge.connect is, therefore, our only
continuing operating business.
In April 2001, we secured additional funding for Red-M as a result of
which our share holding fell to 49.6% of the voting rights and 41.6% of the
equity, which percentages will decrease further upon the occurrence of various
events. From April 12, 2001 Red-M is classified as an associated company and we
will no longer receive any direct revenues from Red-M. In accordance with United
States generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"), Madge will
recognize our allocable percentage of Red-M's net income or loss on our income
statement but will only receive cash if Red-M pays a cash dividend or makes a
distribution to its shareholders. See Item 4A "History and Development" and Item
4B "Business Overview - Red-M" for additional information on the ownership and
operation of Red-M.
On April 27, 2001, we publicly announced that, after 16 months of
seeking additional financing for Madge.web, the Board of Madge Networks decided
not to further fund the operations of Madge.web and that we were searching for a
purchaser of Madge.web. In order to provide for orderly administration of
Madge.web and to further the ability to sell it as a going concern, Madge.web
Limited in the United Kingdom and Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd in Singapore were put
into Administration and Interim Judicial Management, respectively, in accordance
with their local laws in processes broadly similar to Chapter 11 in the United
States. Madge Networks has provided limited funding of the administration
process for these two entities. On June 12, 2001 we announced that we had signed
a letter of intent to sell Madge.web's global Trader Voice business and that we
are not likely to be able to sell the rest of the Madge.web business (the
Internet Protocol business) as a going concern. Thereafter, we received
permission from the Dutch courts for an Insolvent Liquidation of Madge.web B.V.,
the Dutch registered European sales subsidiary of Madge.web with branches in
France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, Madge.web is presented as a discontinued
business within this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the results for 1998 and
1999 have been reclassified accordingly. See Item 4A "History and Development",
Item 5 "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" and Note 2 to the
financial statements for additional information with respect to the
Administration and possible sale of the parts of the Madge.web business.
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PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
NOT APPLICABLE.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
NOT APPLICABLE.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data is qualified by
reference to and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial
statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form
20-F. The statements of operations data set forth below for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000 and the balance sheet data as of December 31,
1999 and 2000 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial
statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report, which have been audited by
Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors. The statements of operations data set
forth below for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and the balance sheet
data as of December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 have been derived from our audited
consolidated financial statements not included in this Annual Report.
This Statement of Operations data includes Lannet Division results to
August 27, 1998 inclusive. At that date the Lannet Division was sold. The
Madge.web business which commenced business in 1998 is presented as a
discontinued business.
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STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Total sales from continuing operations $482,101 $384,059 $301,372 $166,677 $125,909
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total cost of sales from continuing 243,133 201,729 147,103 80,564 66,628
operations
Gross profit 238,968 182,330 154,269 86,113 59,281
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing 142,227 116,204 80,644 60,896 37,669
Research and development 67,326 67,906 47,663 28,809 15,135
General and administrative 28,386 27,542 17,042 10,932 10,391
Special charges (gain) 27,846 48,733 (34,837) (7,565) (2,618)
-------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
Total operating expenses 265,785 260,385 110,512 93,072 60,577
Operating (loss) income from (26,817) (78,055) 43,757 (6,959) (1,296)
continuing operations
Net interest income (expense) 2,266 31 3,272 2,195 (710)
(Loss) income from continuing (24,551) (78,024) 47,029 (4,764) (2,006)
operations
before income taxes
(Benefit) provision for income taxes (4,054) (2,052) 3,085 938 201
Extraordinary charge -- -- 5,226 -- --
(Loss) income from continuing $(20,497) $(75,972) $38,718 $(5,702) $(2,207)
operations
Discontinued operations:
Loss from operations of discontinued
business -- -- (2,895) (34,611) (107,662)
Loss from discontinued business,
including provision of $2,780 for
operating losses during the sale period. -- -- -- -- (41,680)
-------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
Net (loss) income $(20,497) $(75,972) $35,823 $(40,313) $(151,549)
======== ======== ======== ======== =========
Net (loss) income per share from
continuing operations:
Basic $(0.47) $(1.69) $0.87 $(0.14) $(0.05)
Diluted $(0.47) $(1.69) $0.86 $(0.14) $(0.05)
Net (loss) income per share from
discontinued operations:
Basic -- -- $(0.06) $(0.86) $(3.20)
Diluted -- -- $(0.06) $(0.86) $(3.20)
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic $(0.47) $(1.69) $0.81 $(1.00) $(3.25)
Diluted $(0.47) $(1.69) $0.80 $(1.00) $(3.25)
Shares used in per share calculation
Basic 43,976 45,085 44,404 40,420 46,672
Diluted 43,976 45,085 44,624 40,420 46,672
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BALANCE SHEET DATA (in thousands):
DECEMBER 31, 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Cash and cash equivalents $31,590 $62,106 $130,494 $18,417 $18,405
Working capital (deficiency) 96,594 77,715 87,393 (29,061) (55,632)
Total assets 294,455 251,749 224,992 192,498 104,339
Long-term obligations, net of current
maturities 1,673 35,239 899 3,563 1,700
Shareholders' equity (deficit) $168,177 $99,596 $116,393 $69,176 $(23,360)
Common shares 25,333 25,892 25,182 23,340 29,146
Working capital (deficiency) of
discontinued operations -- -- (275) (6,051) (51,624)
Total assets of discontinued operations -- -- 301 67,532 17,484
EXCHANGE RATES - US$/GBL 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
- ------------------------ ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Average 1.5521 1.6386 1.6569 1.6194 1.5274
December 31, 2000 1.4695
March 31, 2001 1.4357
June 30, 2001 1.4170
SIX MONTH HIGH/LOW HIGH LOW
---- ---
January 2001 1.5108 1.4463
February 2001 1.4841 1.4314
March 2001 1.4771 1.4154
April 2001 1.4507 1.4142
May 2001 1.4455 1.4081
June 2001 1.4276 1.3684
B. CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS
NOT APPLICABLE.
C. REASONS FOR OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS
NOT APPLICABLE.
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D. RISK FACTORS
From time to time, in connection with the United States Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act 1995, reference may be made to risks addressed
in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All the
following factors should be considered carefully before making an investment
decision. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial
condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In
that event, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you may lose
part or all of your investment.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR FINANCIAL CONDITION AND OUR BUSINESS
RISKS RELATED TO MADGE.WEB
The failure to complete the sale of the global Trader Voice business of
Madge.web by the middle of July 2001 and its other assets in a short time period
will adversely affect our entire business and could affect our ability to
operate as a going concern.
We have concluded that we will not be able to sell the entire Madge.web
business as a going concern. In June 2001, we signed a letter of intent to sell
the Madge.web Trader Voice business and hope to complete this sale by mid July.
The Administrators appointed to Madge.web's Administration in the United
Kingdom, partners of PricewaterhouseCoopers, have been unable to find a
purchaser for Madge.web's IP business and other assets as a going concern. While
we believe certain customer contracts and associated assets may be sold,
Madge.web has ceased to support substantially all of its IP operations. Our
ability to mitigate group level operational guarantees given in relation to
Madge.web will depend on the final terms of any sale of the Madge.web global
Trader Voice business and other assets, which could still leave us with
significant liabilities even if we can secure a sale of substantially all of the
businesses and assets of Madge.web. In addition, if we cannot complete a sale of
the Trader Voice business by the middle of July, we will have to decide whether
to provide more funds to the Administrators appointed to Madge.web Limited in
the United Kingdom and the Interim Judicial Managers appointed to Madge SE Asia
Pte Ltd in Singapore, and whether to put other Madge.web companies into
administration (or the local equivalent) or, alternatively, to liquidate some or
all of the remaining Madge.web legal entities (as we did with Madge.web B.V. on
June 12, 2001). Liquidation would effectively mean we would have no likelihood
of transferring our liabilities under those operational guarantees, that Madge
Networks has little chance of collecting the bulk of the monies owed to it by
the Madge.web group, including the funds given to the Administrators and Interim
Judicial Management and that we would be continuing to devote significant
financial and operational resources to Madge.web rather than supporting and
developing our remaining business. If these circumstances do occur, there would
be substantial uncertainty about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Therefore, our independent auditors have modified their unqualified opinion on
our consolidated financial statements to include an explanatory paragraph
related to our ability to continue as a going concern, although the consolidated
financial statements do not include any adjustment that result from the outcome
of that uncertainty. Please see our consolidated financial statements included
elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
As time passes, it is more difficult to sell the global Trader Voice business of
Madge.web and its other various assets at an acceptable purchase price.
As time progresses, our ability to collect the receivables due to
Madge.web and to continue to receive services from our suppliers of goods and
services to Madge.web is deteriorating as Madge.web's
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negotiating power diminishes and it has ceased to support substantially all of
its IP operations. This affects our ability to keep operating the Madge.web
global Trader Voice business so that it can be sold to a purchaser as a going
concern and at an acceptable price.
Claims against Madge.web by suppliers or customers have been made against Madge
Networks.
As Madge.web Limited, Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd and Madge.web B.V. have
been placed, respectively, in Administration, Interim Judicial Management and
Insolvent Liquidation, these legal entities cannot pay any debts due to their
suppliers and customers. Madge.web has also ceased to support substantially all
of its IP operations. As a result, claims have been made, and may be made in the
future, against Madge Networks under the terms of operational guarantees given
by or contracts entered into by Madge Networks and otherwise. If one or more
significant claims are successful, our business and resources will be materially
adversely affected.
Madge.web's data centers, points of presence and the networks it relies on are
sensitive to harm from human actions and natural disasters. Any resulting
disruption could significantly damage Madge.web's business and our ability to
sell Madge.web.
Madge.web's ability to provide reliable service largely depends on the
performance and security of its network infrastructure, including points of
presence ("PoP's"), network operation centers ("NoC's") and data centers and of
the network infrastructure of its bandwidth providers. In addition, Madge.web's
customers may store confidential information on its servers. The data centers,
points of presence and equipment, the networks used by Madge.web, and its
customers' information are subject to damage and unauthorized access from human
error, breaches of security, natural disasters, power loss, capacity
limitations, software defects, telecommunications failures, intentional acts of
vandalism, including computer viruses, and other events and factors that can
cause interruptions in service or reduced capacity for its customers, and could
potentially jeopardize the security of its customers' information. Despite
precautions we have taken and may take in the future, the occurrence of a
security breach, a natural disaster, interruption in service or other
unanticipated problems could seriously damage Madge.web's business and
reputation and may make it difficult to secure a sale of Madge.web's global
Trader Voice business or other assets. Such factors could also affect the price
we could receive for the sale of any other Madge.web business or assets.
Madge.web also typically provides its customers with service level
agreements. If it does not meet the required service levels, Madge.web may have
to provide credits to its customers and could lose repeat business from them,
which could significantly reduce its revenues. In addition, although these
agreements disclaim Madge.web's liability for any lost profits or other
consequential damages, a customer could still bring a lawsuit against it
claiming such damages as the result of a problem that the customer may ascribe
to Madge.web. There can be no assurance a court would enforce any limitations on
Madge.web's liability, and the outcome of any lawsuit would depend on the
specific facts of the case and legal and policy considerations beyond its
control. If Madge.web do not prevail in any such claim, it could be liable for
substantial damage awards. Such damage awards might not be covered by our
insurance policy or exceed our liability insurance by significant amounts, both
of which would seriously harm Madge.web's business and our ability to sell
Madge.web as a going concern.
International regulatory uncertainties could restrict Madge.web's ability to
operate and our ability to sell Madge.web's global Trader Voice business.
Madge.web faces regulatory and market access barriers for its services
in various countries resulting from restrictive laws, policies and licensing
requirements, in particular with respect to its trader voice connectivity
services. Even though all the major markets for Madge.web's services are now
open to
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competition and the regulatory regimes have been streamlined significantly, in
some countries, voice services still remain heavily regulated and licenses are
still required. It is unclear whether other Madge.web services require a license
in the countries in which it currently operates and whether the licenses it does
have will be transferable to any purchaser of Madge.web's global Trader Voice
business. Some restrictive telecommunications laws and practices give rise to,
and may in future give rise to, residual constraints, risks and uncertainties
that could affect our ability to sell Madge.web's global Trader Voice business
as it may restrict a future purchasers ability to fully develop and market these
services.
In countries where some or all telecommunications services are subject
to a monopoly or provided by a few suppliers only, Madge.web may be required to
enter into an arrangement with the incumbent public telecommunications
organization before providing its services. Compliance issues may exist for
certain services in a number of countries. There can be no assurance that
Madge.web will be able either to enter into or maintain the requisite commercial
agreements in the countries in which it does currently offer its services or
will be able to comply with local regulatory requirements at a reasonable cost
or at all. The uncertainties surrounding local regulatory requirements and the
transferability of the licences held by Madge.web may well deter a purchaser of
the Madge.web global Trader Voice business.
RISKS RELATED TO MADGE.CONNECT
We will be wholly dependent upon revenue generated by our Token Ring business
for the foreseeable future.
Our revenue has increasingly been derived from the sale and licensing
of Token Ring products and technology. We derived approximately 72%, 87% and 88%
of our net sales from our Token Ring products for the years ended December 31,
1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Thus, we depend upon the continued market
acceptance of Token Ring and related technologies. Our total sales of Token Ring
adapter cards have declined over the last four years. We saw a dramatic decline
in net sales between the first quarter and the second quarter of 2000, from
$44.6 million to $25.8 million and although the third quarter's sales were
slightly higher at $29.0 million and the fourth quarter's sales were only
slightly down, at $26.5 million, we expect Token Ring sales to continue to
decline. Following the sale or liquidation of Madge.web and because since April
2001 we hold only an equity investment in Red-M, we will be totally dependent on
sales and licensing of Token Ring products and technology for revenues and it is
expected that our net sales will continue to decrease. Our net income or loss
will also be adversely affected by the results of Red-M at least in the short
term because there is no certainty whether Red-M will ever achieve profitability
and we may only recognize our allocable portion of the net income or loss of
Red-M on our statements of operation.
Loss or modification of Madge.connect relationships with third-party
distributors and resellers would harm our operations and sales.
Substantially all of our Madge.connect sales are fulfilled and
distributed world-wide through a network comprised of distributors, value-added
resellers and original equipment manufacturers. Our Madge.connect indirect
distribution channels vary from country to country. In the United States, the
majority of our products are sold through two major national distributors,
Ingram Micro, Inc. and Tech Data Corporation, Inc. In Europe, Asia and other
markets, we sell our Madge.connect products predominantly through marketing
representatives, distributors and resellers. We have undertaken a restructuring
of our channel relationships world-wide and substantially reduced the number of
channel partners and third party sales agents we deal with directly in order to
streamline our business to reflect the declining Token Ring market. Any
contracts we have with our channel partners and third party sales agents are
typically not long-term. The loss of a distributor or reseller or a sales agent
in a particular
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region could impair our operations in that region. Any resulting declines in
sales could decrease revenue. Until alternative distribution channels could be
established, if at all, our business would suffer. The loss of a significant
number of key sales personnel including sales agents would also affect our
ability to manage our distributors and resellers and continue to secure revenue
from them, particularly during this period when we are trying to reduce the
number of channel partners we deal through.
If we fail to establish or maintain relationships with parties that agree to
resell our Madge.connect products on an original equipment manufacturer basis,
our revenue will decrease.
We anticipate that a portion of our future Madge.connect revenue will
be derived from sales to customers that integrate our products into their own or
resell our products under their own brand names. Therefore, our revenue will be
increasingly dependent upon the ability and willingness of these original
equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") to promote products that incorporate our
products and technology. The ability and willingness by OEMs to do so is based
upon a number of factors, including:
- - our timely supply of products with the required reliability,
functionality, speed and performance at acceptable prices;
- - the compatibility of our technology with emerging and changing industry
standards and with the products being developed by the potential OEM
partners;
- - general industry competition; and
- - overall economic conditions.
Many of these factors are beyond our control. Additionally, these
customers may have profitability or other incentives to promote internal
solutions or competing products in lieu of products incorporating our
technology. Sales by these customers also could compete with our products,
possibly impacting our sales, reducing margins and adversely affecting the
marketability of our products. Our inability to promote sales through these
manufacturers and provide ongoing support to existing OEM partners could
decrease our revenues.
We may also enter into agreements to obtain products from another
manufacturer or manufacturers for resale on a Madge labelled or OEM basis. We
are dependent in any such arrangement upon the manufacturer of products to
provide us with timely shipments of quality products on a cost-effective basis,
and may also depend upon our OEM supplier for technology, intellectual property
indemnification, support and other assistance. There is no guarantee that an OEM
supplier can or will continue to provide such things on a cost-effective basis
or that such relationships will last if our product strategy changes.
We are dependent upon a limited number of product suppliers and subcontractors.
The chipsets and components used in certain of our Token Ring products
are currently available only from a single source or limited sources. For
example, the ASIC we have designed that are used in certain of our Token Ring
adapter card products are currently available only from NEC Corporation. The
nature of the high technology components business is such that the vendors
supplying such chips and components are few and it takes time and effort to
identify and qualify alternative sources for such components. While our
operating results have not, to date, been materially adversely affected by any
shortages, we have experienced delays in the receipt of certain of our key
components. The inability to obtain sufficient key components as required, or to
develop alternative sources as we anticipate could be required in the future,
could result in increased costs and delays or reductions in product shipments,
which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations. Texas Instruments withdrew its Token Ring components from the market
in June 2000. We used a number of the Texas Instruments
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components and purchased a volume of these components to meet our sales
projections through 2001 when these customers will be transitioned to products
not using these components from Texas Instruments. Our strategy is also to
migrate our customers to the latest Madge technologies (e.g. Smart PCI MK4
adapter and Smart DeskStream switch) reducing our exposure to other component
manufacturers, thereby lessening our dependence on certain suppliers.
Our continued reliance upon third-party manufacturers and suppliers
involves several potential risks, including the absence of adequate capacity,
manufacturing yields and costs. In the event that a significant subcontract
manufacturer or a significant supplier were to become unable or unwilling to
continue to manufacture our key products in required volumes, we will be
required to identify and qualify acceptable additional sources for our products
or to manufacture the products ourselves. The identification and qualification
process could lead to delays and additional costs and no assurances can be given
that additional sources will become available to us on a timely basis or that we
could manufacture such products ourselves on a timely or cost-effective basis.
In addition, if any other significant suppliers were to establish a strategic
working relationship with one or more of our competitors or were to enter into
direct competition with us, our business could be materially adversely affected.
We are currently trying to secure alternative sources of supply for our
products, moving away from Celestica as our sole subcontract manufacturer. There
is a risk that these attempts may not be successful and our business would
suffer as a result if there was any disruption in supply of our products or
problems with the quality of the products received from our new supplier.
Our products or services may contain defects that may cause us to incur
significant costs, divert our attention from our core Madge.connect business
and/or result in the loss of customers.
Information Technology products frequently contain undetected software
and hardware defects when first introduced or as new versions are released. Our
Madge.connect products are complex and defects may occasionally be found. In
addition, such products are often embedded in or deployed in conjunction with
customers' products, which incorporate a variety of components produced by third
parties. We may on occasion sell products that are manufactured wholly or partly
by others and for which we lack resources and familiarity to trouble-shoot
effectively. As a result, when problems occur, it may be difficult to identify
the source of the problem. If problems are found in our Madge.connect products,
we may divert resources to address the problem and may incur significant damages
or warranty and repair costs. We may divert the attention of our engineering
personnel from product and/or services development and we could face significant
market acceptance or customer relation problems or the loss of customers.
Although the Madge.connect product range is mature, customers report
defects from time to time. Because of a loss of research and development staff
with the necessary Token Ring product expertise caused by customary attrition,
restructuring and personnel movements to Red-M, we may encounter technical
issues that we are unable to remedy in a timely fashion. Although Red-M has
retained some of our Token Ring Research and Development skills that could be
temporarily re-deployed into Madge.connect in order to resolve any technical
problems with Madge.connect products, we cannot be assured that any such
re-deployment will be possible, timely or effective.
We have outsourced our technical support function for Madge.connect and our
customers are now required to pay for support, this could adversely affect our
Token Ring sales.
In April 2000, we began outsourcing our technical support function for
our Token Ring products to Vital Networks LLC ("Vital"). Vital agreed to provide
our Madge.connect customers with certain measurable levels of support until at
least April 2005. This relationship, and Vital's ability to deliver the kind of
service Madge.connect had previously been providing directly to its customers,
is untested. Our Madge.connect customers will ultimately all be required to pay
for the limited range of technical support
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services that we had provided ourselves free of charge. This may reduce customer
satisfaction and could have an adverse impact on our future product revenues.
However, as Vital are able to offer a more comprehensive range of services, we
believe that customers will, on balance, receive an improved service. Although
many customers would prefer to continue with Madge.connect's free service, the
chargeable nature of Vital's support services will help to maintain the
viability of support for Madge's Token Ring products in the long term, thus
helping customers to retain and build upon their investment of Madge Token Ring
products. There is a possibility that some customers may decline to pay for
support services from Vital, which could have an adverse effect on Token Ring
sales, although we do not believe any decline in our Token Ring sales will be
attributable directly to our agreement with Vital. If Vital were to cease
business or to withdraw its support for Token Ring, sales of our Token Ring
products could be adversely affected.
Returns or warranty costs from our Madge.connect business in excess of our
budgeted amounts could harm our results of operations.
The terms of our Madge.connect reseller and distributor relationships
subject us to certain risks. we grant some resellers and distributors limited
rights to exchange unsold products for new purchases. Although we allow for
projected returns, these allowances may not be sufficient in the future to
offset future Madge.connect product returns. In addition, we provide price
protection to certain of our distributors. a significant decrease in the price
of our Madge.connect products, which exceeds the amounts that we have reserved,
could have an adverse effect on our operating results. Moreover, we generally
provide a limited warranty to users for our adapter cards and a one year
warranty on our Token Ring hubs and switches. There can be no assurance that our
warranty reserves will be adequate to cover future warranty costs. if any one of
these allowances is inadequate, our business could be materially adversely
affected.
RISKS RELATED TO RED-M
We do not control Red-M and future events will further reduce our holding.
On April 12, 2001, we secured additional funding for Red-M from outside
investors (the "Red-M Investors"). As a result of the funding transactions, as
of May 1, 2001, we held 49.6% of the voting rights and 41.6% of the equity in
Red-M, the Red-M Investors held 49.6% and 57.8% of the voting and equity rights,
respectively, and the management of Red-M held the balance. The Red-M Investors
also have the right to convert their non-voting shares into voting shares,
thereby possibly acquiring voting control of Red-M, upon the occurrence of
certain events, including Red-M failing to meet certain revenue and profit
targets, Red-M going into liquidation or administration, a change of control of
Madge Networks N.V. or its liquidation or administration and the Madge group of
companies competing with Red-M. The employees of Red-M have all been offered an
opportunity to purchase shares in Red-M. The effect of all these events together
with the fact that all shares issued have certain tag-along, rights of first
refusal and pre-emptive rights attached to them and that we, Red-M and the Red-M
Investors are seeking further funding from strategic trade investors, mean that
our shareholding in Red-M will likely be further diluted over time. There are
also certain events, such as the liquidation of Madge Networks N.V., in which we
would be required to sell our shares in Red-M to the Red-M Investors, under
certain circumstances at a discount to the value at the time.
We do not have control of the Red-M board or its operations. Of the
seven members of the new Red-M board of directors, we have designated two, the
Red-M Investors have also designated two, two directors will be independent
non-executives nominated by all parties and the chief executive officer of Red-M
is the remaining director. It is possible that additional investors in Red-M may
also require board
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representation. In addition, although certain of the officers of Red-M were
employed by Madge, their employment arrangements with Madge have terminated as
their employment was transferred to Red-M.
Since April 12, 2000, Red-M is no longer a subsidiary of the Madge
group but is classified as an associated company and we will no longer
consolidate the results of Red-M in the accounts of Madge Networks. Therefore,
in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we will account for Red-M under the equity method
and we will recognize our allocable percentage of Red-M's net income or
loss on our income statement based upon our holding of the ordinary shares in
Red-M, which is currently 100%. We will receive cash only if Red-M makes a cash
dividend or distribution to its shareholders generally. Because Red-M is a
start-up venture with minimal revenues and projected net losses, we expect the
carrying value of our investment on our balance sheet to fall.
The value of our shareholding in Red-M will fluctuate and we may not be able to
sell our Red-M shares to realize any value.
Red-M operates in the largely unproven mobile-Internet marketplace and
the success of this business is dependant upon numerous factors including:-
- - Bluetooth may not be accepted as the ubiquitous technology for devices
communicating over a local wireless connection or may not develop as
projected;
- - Red-M may not develop revenue generating products from its research and
development efforts;
- - Red-M may not secure development partners, manufacturing
subcontractors, key component suppliers and reseller relationships it
will need if it is to become successful;
- - Red-M may require additional funding if it does not meet its cash flow
projections;
- - Red-M's ability to protect its intellectual property and not infringe
on the rights of others;
- - Red-M's ability to develop products that meet the regulatory and
product certification requirements to sell its products, which will be
especially complex if Red-M moves into the consumer market, as planned;
- - Red-M's ability to agree with original equipment manufacturers to
promote products that incorporate Red-M's products and technology;
- - Red-M's ability to ensure compatibility and operability of Red-M
products with products of other leading vendors, as well as with
various personal computer architectures and network operating systems;
and
- - Competition in this marketplace.
If Red-M fails to generate significant revenues, or to become
profitable, for the reasons listed above, or any other reason, the fair market
value of our shareholding will decline and we may never be able to realize any
value from our Red-M shareholding. Our agreement with the Red-M Investors
restricts our ability to sell our Red-M shares and may well reduce the value we
could realize in any sale of some or all of our interest.
GENERAL BUSINESS RISKS
If we are unable to realise sufficient funds from the sale of Madge.web's global
Trader Voice business and Madge.web's other assets, we will need more funds and
if we are unable to secure them, we may not be able to continue as a going
concern.
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We believe that our current liquidity levels and committed financial
resources are sufficient to meet the needs of our ongoing operations for at
least twelve months from the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form
20-F. However, our belief is based on the following assumptions, some or all of
which may not prove accurate, in which case, we would need to raise money sooner
and there would be substantial uncertainty about our ability to continue as a
going concern:
- - that the sale of Madge.web's Trade Voice business will be completed in
the middle of July 2001;
- - that funds provided to the Administrators and Interim Judicial
Management will be returned to us;
- - that we will be able to mitigate substantial liabilities under the
operational guarantees that we made on behalf of Madge.web, the maximum
value of which we estimate to be approximately $11.8 million for
equipment leases and loans, $6.7 million for leasehold improvements (of
which $5.0 million is held on deposit against leased assets and is
restricted cash) and $2.0 million for property leases;
- - that our currently available sources of funding will remain available
to us;
- - that the further cuts in our overhead and headcount we must make over
the next six months will be sufficient to cause Madge.connect together
with our corporate function to continue to have positive cashflow in
2001;
- - that we will be able to sell the remaining assets of Madge.web and not
have to put further entities into liquidation; and
- - that we will be able to sell some or all of our Red-M shares at a
reasonable price.
Should further liquidity be required, we would attempt to raise
additional funds through working capital financing and other sources of finance
such as bank credit, or a further sale of our shares in Red-M, though our
ability to sell our shares in Red-M are subject to certain contractual
restrictions that could affect our ability to sell and the price that could be
obtained for our Red-M shares. We may also attempt to raise additional funds
through an equity offering of our shares, but if our common shares are delisted
from the Nasdaq National Market, as we expect them to be, this would be
difficult to do.
Our difficulty in managing our changing operations and acquisitions has harmed
and may continue to harm our business.
In recent years, we have reorganized our operational and internal
reporting structures more than once, including establishing Madge.web in 1999
and Red-M in May 2000, each of which will no longer be a part of the future of
Madge, and reducing headcount on several occasions at Madge.connect to better
align it with the declining market for Token Ring products. These ongoing
restructurings have placed great strain on our operational, management,
financial and other resources as well as weakened our ability to retain
employees. The expected sale or liquidation of Madge.web will also result in
further job cuts in our corporate function, putting increased strain on those
individuals who remain.
We are continually working towards restructuring our Madge.connect
group to create a more simplified business model. As a result, a number of sales
offices world-wide have been or will be closed or substantially downsized as we
have moved to a model of using independent sales agents in countries where it is
cost-effective to do so either in addition to, or more often, instead of our own
employees. Although we believe the use of sales agents will have a lower
commercial risk than retaining a direct Madge presence, there can be no
assurance that sales will not suffer. The challenge of managing expenses to
changing sources of revenue may lead us to adjust further our business
priorities and resource allocation.
We depend upon our international operations, which subject us to currency
exchange rate fluctuations and other additional risks.
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We are a global company, with our headquarters and most of our
operations based outside the United States. We derived approximately $199.7
million, $145.0 million and $114.8 million, or 66%, 74% and 73% of our total net
sales from operations outside of the Americas in the years ended December 31,
1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. We expect that international sales will
continue to represent a majority of our net sales. A significant portion of our
transactions are in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the
British pound. As a result, we are subject to currency exchange rate
fluctuations and the associated difficulty of administering business globally.
Fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies cause revenue or other numbers
tied to the U.S. dollar to change in comparison with similar numbers in previous
periods. Due to the number of currencies involved, the constantly changing
currency exposures, and the substantial volatility of currency exchange rates,
we cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations upon future operating
results. These exchange rate fluctuations have in the past and could in the
future, distort the results of our operations. As well as exposure to currency
fluctuations, we as a multinational business, are subject to the risks
associated with the greater difficulty of administering business globally,
regulatory requirements and other risks, such as import and export licenses,
political and economic instability, overlapping of differing tax structures,
trade restrictions and changes in tariff and freight rates.
At certain points throughout the year we hedge our currency exchange
rate exposure by purchasing or selling foreign currencies one month forward.
These transactions do not eliminate our foreign currency risks as they involve
estimates based on incomplete information. The use of forward contracts is
actively reviewed throughout the year and the decision to hedge using these
instruments depends upon our view of the foreign exchange market at the time the
decision whether or not to hedge was taken. At December 31, 2000, there were no
outstanding foreign exchange contracts.
We have experienced fluctuations in operating results and anticipate that these
fluctuations will continue.
We have experienced fluctuations in operating results and anticipate
that these fluctuations will continue. Various factors contribute to this
uncertainty, including:
- - the timing of our operating expenditures;
- - the size and timing of customer orders;
- - the mix of Madge.connect products sold;
- - the mix of distribution channels through which our products and
services are sold;
- - the pattern of end-user purchasing cycles;
- - the introduction of new products and services by us and our
competitors; and
- - general economic conditions.
Madge.connect ships products to order and generally operates with
little backlog, although we experienced some product supply issues that caused a
backlog on December 31, 2000 and may do so in the future. A significant portion
of our operating expenses are fixed expenditures, based primarily on sales
forecasts determined months or years in advance. If net sales do not meet our
expectations in any period, our operating results will be adversely affected.
Moreover, restructuring expenses have strained and will continue to strain our
cash resources.
If we lose the services of our management and other key employees and are unable
to recruit high caliber new employees, our results of operations will be harmed
and our growth inhibited.
We depend upon a limited number of members of senior management and
other key employees. Loss of the services of key personnel in previous
restructurings compromised the efficiency of our
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operations and there is no assurance that our future restructurings would not
have the same effect. Due to the level of technical and management expertise
necessary to our industry, we must recruit and retain highly qualified and
well-trained personnel. Competition for these employees is intense. If we cannot
attract, hire and retain qualified personnel, our business and prospects will
suffer.
As is common in the computer networking industry, we are subject to the risk of
litigation alleging infringement of third party intellectual property rights.
We have received letters alleging or implying that our Madge.connect
products infringe certain patents of third parties, including a letter from each
of Lucent Technologies, Nortel and Hitachi and may receive similar claims in the
future. In 1999 we entered into a three year license with IBM whereby we
licensed a number of its patents and IBM licensed a number of our Madge.connect
patents. There can be no assurance that we will obtain a future license from IBM
when this license expires or from any other third party, if required in the
future, on commercially acceptable terms. We can similarly give no assurances
that third parties will not assert infringement claims against us in the future
with respect to current or future Madge.connect products. Any such assertion
could require expending significant sums on external advisors fees whether or
not the case goes to court, could require the payment of damages, and could
require the use of other, more expensive and/or less suitable technology, the
development of non-infringing technology or the acquisition of licenses to the
technology that is the subject of asserted infringement.
We may not adequately protect our intellectual property, which could increase
our costs of sales.
Our ability to compete successfully depends, in part, on our ability to
protect the proprietary technology contained in our products and services. We
currently rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret
laws and contractual provisions to establish and protect the proprietary rights
in Madge.connect products and Madge.web services. We generally enter into
confidentiality and/or license agreements with our employees, distributors,
customers, suppliers and fellow developers that limit access to and distribution
of our proprietary information. Olicom, which sold us its Token Ring business in
1999, has warranted that the intellectual property we acquired from it does not
infringe third party rights and has provided us with an indemnity to this
effect. We also rely upon a number of third party licenses that Olicom had in
order to continue to produce their products. All material licenses have been
assigned; however, we have only oral agreements regarding a number of licenses
of lesser importance. There can be no assurance that these protections will be
adequate to deter misappropriation of our technology or independent third-party
development of similar technologies.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CAPITAL STRUCTURE
We expect our common shares to be delisted from the Nasdaq National Market.
Our common shares trade on the Nasdaq National Market ("Nasdaq"), which
has certain compliance requirements for continued listing. One criterion is that
a company's net tangible assets are at least $4 million. As at December 31, 2000
and March 31, 2001, Madge did not satisfy this requirement and as of the date of
filing of this Form 20-F, we do not believe that our net tangible assets as of
June 30, 2001, will satisfy this criterion. In addition, since the minimum
closing bid price per share of our common shares has been less than $1.00 for a
period of 30 consecutive trading days, our shares may be delisted from the
Nasdaq National Market following a 90 day notice period which expires on
September 5, 2001 during which the minimum closing bid price must be $1.00 or
above per share for a period of 10
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consecutive trading days. In either case, we will have the right to file an
appeal from the notice of delisting, which will require that we demonstrate how
we can remedy the failure to meet the applicable listing criteria. The results
of delisting from the Nasdaq National Market are likely to be a reduction in the
liquidity of our common shares and a further adverse effect on the trading price
of our common shares. Lack of liquidity would also make it more difficult for us
to raise capital in the future. If our common shares are delisted, we will
attempt to have them available for quotation on the Over-the-counter Bulletin
Board governed by the Nasdaq.
Our common share price has been, and is likely to continue to be, volatile and
could drop unexpectedly.
The trading price of our common shares has been volatile and may
continue to be volatile in response to the following factors:
- - our inability to sell Madge.web and mitigate related guarantees;
- - the perception of the value of our Red-M share holding;
- - a continuing decline in sales of Token Ring products of Madge.connect;
- - quarterly variations in our operating results and our financing
efforts;
- - announcements of technical innovations, new products or services by us
or our competitors;
- - investor perception of us, the markets we operate in or the Internet in
general;
- - changes in financial estimates by securities analysts; and
- - general economic and market conditions.
Declines in the market price of our common shares could also materially
adversely affect employee morale and retention, our access to capital and other
aspects of our business.
If our share price remains volatile, we may become subject to securities
litigation, which is expensive and could divert our resources.
In the past, following periods of market volatility in the price of a
company's securities, security holders have instituted class action litigation.
Many Internet-related companies have been subject to this type of litigation. If
the market value of our common shares experiences adverse fluctuations, and we
become involved in this type of litigation, regardless of the outcome, we could
incur substantial legal costs and our management's attention could be diverted,
causing our business to suffer.
Our founder continues to exercise control over us and could have interests that
differ from shareholders' interests.
Various trusts established by Robert Madge, our founder and chief
executive officer, indirectly owned approximately 53.40% of the outstanding
common shares as of March 31, 2001. Therefore, the various trustees, as a group,
have the power to control matters submitted for shareholder approval, including
the election of directors, proxy contests, acquisitions, tender offers, open
market purchase programs or other purchases of common shares that could give our
shareholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing
market price for their shares. In addition, Mr. Madge personally holds options
to purchase common shares, of which options with respect to 1.4% of our
outstanding common shares have vested or will vest within 60 days from March 31,
2001.
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The pledgee could foreclose upon Madge Networks shares that have been pledged
by certain of the trusts established by Robert Madge.
Of the 28,494,763 shares owned directly or indirectly by trusts
established by Mr. Madge, 17,378,000 shares have been pledged to J P Morgan H&Q
pursuant to a margin loan agreement by Hartland Holdings Ltd., the registered
holder thereof, in respect of an $8 million loan. Under that agreement, as
revised, events of default allowing foreclosure on the shares include the
failure to pay any installment on the loan when due or if the closing price per
common share on the Nasdaq is less than $1.00 per share, as it has been
recently. The Company has been advised by Hartland Holdings that JP Morgan H&Q
has not indicated that it intends to foreclose on the shares. However, under
applicable federal securities laws, JP Morgan H&Q could currently be deemed a
beneficial holder of those 17,378,000 shares either separately or together with
Hartland Holdings. If JP Morgan H&Q were to foreclose on all of the pledged
shares for these or any other event of default, the number and percentage
ownership of shares would be 11,945,013 and 21.8%, respectively, for Mr. Madge,
and 17,378,000 and 32.1%, respectively, for JP Morgan H&Q. The interests of J P
Morgan H&Q could differ from the interests of our general shareholders.
Our charter documents and the laws of The Netherlands could make it more
difficult for a third party to acquire us.
The shareholders have authorised our Management Board to issue
preferential shares and common shares for a fixed period of time without further
shareholder approval. The issuance of such preferred shares and common shares,
while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other
corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a
third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from acquiring, a
majority of the outstanding voting shares of Madge Networks N.V.
It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgement against us and our executive
officers and directors or to serve process on a substantial majority of our
executive officers and directors.
Because substantially all of our assets and the assets of our executive officers
and directors are located outside the United States, a judgment obtained in the
United States against us or any of these individuals may not be collectible
within the United States. Furthermore, service of process upon these
individuals, most of whom reside outside the United States, may be difficult to
obtain. In addition, judgments of U.S. courts, including judgments against us or
our executive officers and directors based upon allegations of violations of
U.S. federal or state securities laws, may not be enforceable in The Netherlands
or elsewhere outside the United States.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON OUR COMPANY
A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY
Madge Networks N.V. is a public Dutch limited liability company
incorporated on April 13, 1993 under the laws of and domiciled in The
Netherlands. We are a global provider of advanced Internet-centric network
services and products, and mission-critical enterprise solutions. In October
2000, we completed the reorganization of our operations into three subsidiary
groups and we operated through these three groups until April 2001:
Madge.connect, Red-M and Madge.web. Madge.connect is a global supplier
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of Token Ring LAN product solutions, for mission-critical enterprise networks.
Red-M is a pioneering developer of Bluetooth networking solutions that enable
access to a range of voice, video and data from a range of mobile devices.
Madge.web was a global provider of rich content applications, content
distribution and managed network services.
In April 2001 we secured additional funding for Red-M and Red-M became
an associate company of Madge Networks instead of a fully consolidated
subsidiary company. On April 27, 2001 we announced our plans to seek a buyer for
Madge.web and on June 12, 2001 we announced that we had signed a letter of
intent with a third party to sell the global Trader Voice business of Madge.web
and that the sale of Madge.web's IP business as a going concern is unlikely.
Madge.web is consequently accounted for as a discontinued business and is not
part of Madge Networks continuing business. Madge.connect is the ongoing
operational business of Madge Networks.
Madge Networks N.V. is the ultimate parent company of each company in
the Madge group of companies. The first company in the Madge group, Madge
Networks Limited, was incorporated in April 1986. In June 1993 all the shares of
Madge Networks Limited were transferred to Madge Networks N.V. and in August
1993 the Company completed an initial public offering on Nasdaq. Throughout this
document references to "us", "we", and the "Company" mean Madge Networks N.V.
and all its subsidiary companies unless otherwise indicated. Our registered
office is at Transpolis Schipol Airport, Polaris Avenue 23, 2132 JH Hoofddorp,
The Netherlands, telephone number +31 (23) 5649-123.
Our Company began as a developer and supplier of Token Ring Adapter
cards and quickly expanded in this market place to supply Token Ring hubs and
switches. Following two acquisitions we expanded our business to include
ethernet switching products (Lannet) and video networking and ISDN products
(Teleos) to complement our initial Token Ring product offering.
In subsequent years, the focus of our business changed as we sold our
interest in Lannet and acquired the Token Ring business of Olicom in August 1999
in order to align our product offering in the Token Ring market. Also in 1999,
we officially launched Madge.web as our managed network service provider and
acquired Gains, an international carrier supplying the financial sector and a
subsidiary of Tullett & Tokyo, to give us a head start in developing our Overnet
(our private overlay network that bypasses the congestions of the public
Internet and incorporates our strategically located network operations centers,
data centers and points of presence (PoPs)) to provide a global service to our
customers.
In September 2000, we sold our Video Networking business to Initia,
Inc. (formerly YorkTel Acquisition Corporation) ("Initia"), a provider of
scalable, multi-service network solutions for video conferencing and distance
learning applications, based in New Jersey. This completed the consolidation of
the Madge.connect business in Token Ring.
In May 2000, we launched Red-M as the newest of our three divisions. On
April 12, 2001, we secured additional funding for Red-M from Apax Partners
Funds, a private equity firm, and Amadeus Capital Partners, a venture capital
firm specializing in new technology (collectively, the "Red-M Investors"). The
Red-M Investors invested $21.3 million directly in exchange for newly-issued
shares of Red-M shares, purchased a portion of our shareholding in Red-M for
$8.65 million and agreed either to find other investors to invest up to an
additional $5.9 million in Red-M or to make such investment themselves within 18
weeks of the April 12 closing. Red-M also issued additional shares to the Red-M
Investors as a fee for their placement services in seeking additional strategic
trade investors. The Red-M Investors also agreed to purchase an aggregate of an
additional $7.5 million worth of shares in Red-M between January 2002 and April
2002, at Red-M's option, subject to certain conditions including the revenue and
profit targets of Red-M being met and there being no material adverse change in
the Red-M business or the Bluetooth market. Red-M also granted the Red-M
Investors a seven-year option to acquire up to an additional $15 million of
shares.
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As a result of these transactions, as of May 1, 2001, we held 49.6% of
the voting rights and 41.6% of the equity in Red-M, the Red-M Investors held
49.6% and 57.8% of the voting and equity, respectively, and the management of
Red-M held the balance. The Red-M Investors acquired both voting and non-voting
shares. The Red-M Investors have the right to convert their non-voting shares
into voting shares, thereby probably acquiring voting control of Red-M, upon the
occurrence of certain events, including Red-M failing to meet certain revenue
and profit targets, Red-M going into liquidation or administration, a change of
control of Madge Networks N.V. or its liquidation or administration and the
Madge group of companies competing with Red-M. The employees of Red-M have also
been offered an opportunity to purchase shares in Red-M. The effect of all these
events, together with the fact that all shares issued have certain tag-along,
rights of first refusal and pre-emptive rights attached to them and that we,
Red-M and the Red-M Investors are seeking further funding from strategic trade
investors, mean that our shareholding in Red-M will likely be further diluted
over time. There are also certain events, such as the liquidation of Madge
Networks N.V. or a change of control of Madge Networks NV., in which we would be
required to sell our shares in Red-M to the Red-M Investors, under certain
circumstances at a discount to the value at that time.
We do not have control of the Red-M Board or its operations. Of the
seven members of the new Red-M board of directors, we have designated two, the
Red-M Investors have also designated two, two directors will be independent
non-executives nominated by all parties and the chief executive officer of Red-M
is the remaining director. It is possible that additional investors in Red-M may
also require board representation. In addition, although certain of the officers
of Red-M were formerly employed by Madge, their employment arrangements with
Madge have terminated as their employment was transferred to Red-M.
Since April 12, 2000 Red-M is no longer a subsidiary of the Madge group
but is classified as an associated company and we will no longer consolidate the
results of Red-M in the financial statements of Madge Networks. In accordance
with U.S. GAAP, we will account for Red-M under the equity method and we will
recognize our allocable percentage of Red-M's net income or loss on our income
statement based upon our holding of the ordinary shares in Red-M which is
currently 100%. We will receive cash only if Red-M pays a cash dividend or makes
a distribution to its shareholders. Because Red-M is a start-up venture with
minimal revenues and projected net losses, we expect the carrying value of our
investment on our balance sheet to decrease as well.
In April 2001, having spent the prior 16 months trying to secure
sufficient funding for Madge.web, the Board of Madge Networks decided to
withdraw operational funding for Madge.web because further funding was not in
the best interests of Madge Networks and its shareholders. As a result, on April
27, 2001 the directors of Madge.web Limited petitioned the court in England to
put Madge.web Limited into Administration in accordance with the rules of the
English courts, in a process broadly similar to that of Chapter 11
reorganization under the laws of the United States. In a similar vein, on May
15, 2001, the Madge.web entity in Singapore, Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd, was put into
Interim Judicial Management by the Singapore High Court. The effect for both
these legal entities is to give them the ability to continue to trade with
protection from their creditors while a buyer is sought for the entire Madge.web
business as a going concern. Partners of PricewaterhouseCoopers ("PwC") in the
United Kingdom and in Singapore are charged with the legal responsibility of
operating Madge.web Limited and Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd, respectively, as going
concerns to maximize the realization of value for its respective creditors. On
June 12, 2001, Madge.web B.V., the Dutch registered European sales subsidiary of
Madge.web with branches in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden received
permission from the Dutch courts for an Insolvent Liquidation. The
court-appointed trustee has begun the process of winding up the branch
operations in each of the countries where this entity had operated.
Also on June 12, 2001 we announced that we signed a letter of intent
for the sale of Madge.web's global Trader Voice business. Although we had been
working with the Administrators, partners of PwC, to
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secure a purchaser for Madge.web as a whole, it has become apparent that market
conditions will not enable a sale of the entire Madge.web business as a going
concern. We hope to conclude the sale of the global Trader Voice business, by
the middle of July 2001. The sale, as planned, has the benefit of providing
continuity of employment for a significant number of employees, continuity of
network supplier relationships and the ongoing provision of services to
customers. The sale, as planned, will also mean it is likely that we will be
refunded the monies we have provided to the Administrators of Madge.web Limited.
The sale agreement is still being negotiated and these terms could change.
Sale of Madge.web's IP business as a going concern is now unlikely and
Madge.web has ceased to support substantially all of its IP operations. We
believe we should be able to sell certain customer contracts and associated
assets to third parties in order to receive some funds for creditors of the
Madge.web group.
Certain support services such as facilities management, financial
accounting and legal services were provided to Madge.connect, Red-M and
Madge.web during 2000 by a group services company incorporated in the United
Kingdom and also by other companies within the Madge group that are not in the
same group as the company to whom the service was being provided.
For further information concerning our principal capital expenditures,
see Item 5B "Liquidity and Capital Resources".
B. BUSINESS OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Madge Networks N.V. ("Madge") is a global provider of advanced
Internet-centric network services and products, and mission-critical enterprise
solutions. Until April 2001, we operated through three subsidiary groups:
Madge.connect, Red-M and Madge.web. Madge.connect is a global supplier of Token
Ring LAN product solutions for mission-critical enterprise networks. Red-M is a
pioneering developer of Bluetooth networking solutions that enable access to a
range of voice, video and data from a range of mobile devices. As of April 2001
we no longer own a majority of the voting or equity interests of Red-M.
Madge.web was a global provider of rich content applications, content
distribution and managed network services. We are seeking purchasers for
Madge.web's businesses and assets. Madge.connect is, therefore, our only
continuing operating business. We will need to make further cuts in our
Madge.connect and corporate cost base to maintain the profitability of this
business as the revenues continue to decline over time and add further revenue
generating activities over which to spread the cost base.
Our main business centers are located in Milpitas, California and New
York City, New York in the United States (for the Americas region), Australia
(for Asia-Pacific region), and Wexham Springs in the United Kingdom (for the
rest of the world).
MADGE.CONNECT
Madge.connect is a global supplier of Token Ring local area network
products that provide product solutions for customers with mission-critical
enterprise networks. For the first three quarters of 2000, Madge.connect also
sold a range of video networking products. At the end of September 2000,
Madge.connect sold its Video Networking Business to Initia (see "Video
Networking Products" below).
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TOKEN RING SOLUTIONS
We provide Token Ring users product solutions for their local area
network ("LAN") infrastructure, from the desktop through to the backbone. Our
portfolio of Token Ring products and customer base was increased significantly
with the acquisition of the Token Ring business of Olicom A/S in August 1999.
During 2000 we carried out a review of our Token Ring product portfolio and
streamlined our product portfolio to maximize volume efficiency and customer
value. This streamlining of our Token Ring product range is continuing into 2001
and will be complete by the end of 2001 when we will have a more focussed
product offering.
Token Ring Adapter Cards
We provide Token Ring adapter cards for workstations, servers and
mobile users. Adapter cards plug into an expansion bus of a personal computer,
workstation or server to provide the physical connection to the network cable
and to control data exchange over the network. We deliver a range of Token Ring
adapter cards for all the major industry standard PC bus architectures.
Our "Smart" product line is a set of high performance, high
functionality Token Ring adapters suitable for demanding applications in all
Token Ring environments. In addition to the Smart product line (for desktop and
mobile computers) we also produce the RapidFire 3140, which is designed as a
more cost-effective solution (for 4Mbps or 16Mbps Token Ring) for PC with the
PCI bus architecture and the GoCard 3221 for mobile computers (supporting 4Mbps
and 16Mbps Token Ring). Our Smart PCI MK4 adapter provides network connection at
4Mbps, 16Mbps or 100Mbps Token Ring (100Mbps Token Ring is sometimes referred to
as "HSTR" or "High Speed Token Ring"). Our most recent adapters all use the
Ringrunner(TM) family of silicon, which we developed. All adapters operate with
our Madge Perspective LAN Tools(TM), a suite of driver and support software that
allows users to run the same software suite across desktops, laptops and
servers. This allows easier installation and support of Token Ring networks.
Our Unidriver software will help us with our program of streamlining
our product portfolio as this software will enable our customers to more easily
migrate between Olicom and Madge branded adapters and between adapters that
support different network speeds.
According to the independent research firm Cahners In-Stat ("In-Stat"),
we were second to IBM in world-wide unit shipments for Token Ring adapter card
products in 2000 with approximately 41.4% of the Token Ring adapter market
share.
Stackable Token Ring Hubs
We offer hub solutions for the backbone, workgroup and branch office.
During 2000, we provided an intelligent Token Ring stackable hub that provides
fully automated fault recovery and management capabilities. The product range
includes our SmartCAU Plus(TM), SmartLAM(TM) and SmartRAM(TM) products.
The Olicom branded products (the OC3000 family) are very similar to the Madge
brand (and other products on the market) but were usually sold by Olicom to
different customers from ours.
The Token Ring Hub market is declining faster than other parts of the
Token Ring market, and Madge.connect discontinued manufacture of the Smart range
of Token Ring hubs in 2000. Our ongoing strategy for hub customers is the
adoption of the Madge Smart DeskStream(TM) product, which replaces the core
functionality of a Token Ring hub and offers greater functionality, performance,
manageability, security and customer value. We are no longer producing any of
the Olicom OC3000 family of hubs;
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however we anticipate that we have inventory to last until mid 2001 when we will
discontinue the OC3000 family of hubs.
Token Ring Switches
We have three families of Token Ring switching products, the Smart
Ringswitch(TM), the Madge 8600 and the Smart Deskstream. According to In-Stats
we had 49.2% of the Token Ring switching market during 2000, ranking us as the
clear market leader.
- - Smart Ringswitch(TM) Products
The Smart Ringswitch family is designed to provide the functionality
that was previously addressed by bridges and routers, but at a higher
performance level and a lower price. The Smart Ringswitch family offers
increased performance of network traffic between workgroup rings and facilitates
the centralization of servers into a single location where they are easier to
manage and maintain. This product family supports virtual LANs on a per port
basis and/or spread across multiple Smart Ringswitches. The switch incorporates
a unique method of reducing broadcast traffic, running alongside other traffic
control processes, and passes only necessary broadcast traffic to each and every
ring. The Smart Ringswitch Plus(TM) product provides comprehensive broadcast
control on most Token Ring LAN protocols commonly in use.
Our Smart Ringswitch product family also offers a choice of connection
types, such as 4/16Mbps Token Ring, 100Mbps Token Ring ("HSTR"), DTR (Dedicated
Token Ring with full duplex operation allowing the switch to simultaneously send
and receive data for increased efficiency), Ethernet and ATM links. The Smart
Ringswitch Plus is a modular product, which means customers can add or change
its physical characteristics to suit their requirements.
Our Smart Ringswitch Plus and Smart Ringswitch Express(TM) Token Ring
switches are designed to ease congestion on Token Ring backbones. During 2000 a
new module was launched for Smart Ringswitch Plus and Smart Ringswitch Express
that enabled their connection to Gigabit backbones. This module, the Smart
Ringswitch Gigabit Uplink Module, allows customers to take advantage of the
benefits of Gigabit based resources while maintaining their existing investments
in Token Ring.
During 2000, Madge introduced the Ethernet module for the Smart
Ringswitch Plus and Smart Ringswitch Express. This enables the connection of the
Smart Ringswitch to Ethernet-connected resources or workgroups.
Our Ringrunner family of silicon devices are designed to enable
"cut-through" switching for Madge.connect's switch products. "Cut-through"
switching allows data to be switched with lower latency delays that can result
from "store-and-forward" switching - the alternative to "cut-through" switching.
However "cut-through" cannot be used for every switch application.
- - Madge 8600 family
The Madge 8600 family of switches are resilient, stackable switches
used for workgroup or small backbone applications where a more costly device
such as Smart Ringswitch is not appropriate. They connect either hubs or
individual devices to the network and feature a flexible stacking arrangement to
allow customers a choice of configuration. In addition to the products' uplinks
(allowing connection to a backbone switch), they provide for the translation
between different media types (e.g., Token Ring to Ethernet).
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- - Smart DeskStream Products
Our Smart DeskStream Token Ring Switches have been designed to provide
the benefits of full Token Ring switching for direct PC connections. These
products offer more bandwidth for each connection, are more secure and more
reliable, and are priced comparable to Token Ring hubs. The Switch also enables
the connection of the workgroup to the backbone via a higher speed connection.
The adoption of switching technology has allowed Token Ring backbones to deliver
increased performance and resilience throughout the network and also gives users
the ability to add capacity to the network as demand increases and to design a
flexible network that meets their needs. By leveraging the power of installed
Token Ring network interface cards, each switched desktop connection can benefit
from a dedicated 16 Mbps (full-duplex) of bandwidth to each PC, and the
capability of a high-speed uplink to the network backbone. This is a significant
increase in the bandwidth available to users on conventional, shared-media Token
Ring. In addition, dedicated connections can improve both manageability and
reliability and therefore reduce support costs.
Our Smart DeskStream employs high speed, low latency cut-through
switching between user ports to deliver wire-speed bandwidth to every desk,
optimizing network-application performance. The highly scaleable stacking
architecture offers simple, gradual expansion, as additional network connections
are required. A variety of connection modules are available to connect Smart
DeskStream to other networks, including Token Ring (fiber and copper), and HSTR.
The ATM connection module was released during 2000, permitting the connection of
the Smart DeskStream to ATM based network resources or backbones. The Ethernet
module introduced late in the fourth quarter of 1999 enables connection to
Ethernet networks.
The Smart DeskStream allows workgroups to be instantly upgraded from
shared to switched connections without needing re-configuration. It is able to
do this because it has auto-speed and media sensing ports and can support both
source route and transparent methods of information routing. The Smart
DeskStream has allowed Madge.connect to meet our customers' need for a higher
performance and a more strategic solution than traditional shared hubs.
ATM BACKBONE PRODUCTS
Our ATM products are designed to protect our customers' existing
investments in Token Ring by allowing them to integrate their Token Ring
networks with an ATM backbone. An ATM module is available to link the Ringswitch
family of Token Ring switches into an ATM backbone. An ATM uplink for the Smart
DeskStream was released during 2000.
Our Collage(TM) 700 series are a range of high performance ATM backbone
switches that are designed to support our LAN emulation software for Token Ring
networks at speeds of up to 622 Mbps.
Our Collage 155 PCI adapter was discontinued during 2000 due to a
rapidly falling demand. Sales of ATM products into Token Ring networks are
declining and are expected to be a decreasing proportion of our net sales.
GIGABIT NETWORKING PRODUCTS
Recent industry advances now permit customers to implement a backbone
running at Gigabit (1000 Mbps) speed. However such a backbone uses Ethernet, an
alternative networking technology to Token Ring, the main disadvantage to a
Token Ring user being that a standard gigabit Ethernet network uses smaller
'packets' of data which can often be less efficient for transmitting data.
Madge.connect intended to release a Gigabit Backbone switch during 2000 as an
OEM from another manufacturer. However this agreement did not materialize. In
September 2000 we completed a partnership agreement with Alteon Websystems, a
leading manufacturer of Gigabit switches that supported larger "packets" under
which we jointly propose our combined product set to our respective customers.
This allows us to
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offer the performance and popularity benefits of Gigabit to our customers, while
allowing them to retain the efficiency benefits of their existing Token Ring
networks.
During 2000, Madge.connect announced and released a Gigabit Uplink
module, which allows customers with Smart Ringswitch Plus or Smart Ringswitch
Express to connect their networks to a standard gigabit Ethernet network.
VIDEO NETWORKING PRODUCTS
Until September 2000 we sold video networking products. Our video
networking products included a family of wide area network, ISDN access switches
primarily used for global video communications (AccessSwitch). These products
supported more than 40 signalling protocols and are able to consolidate a
variety of voice, data and video traffic and dynamically allocate consolidated
traffic to a broad range of private and public carriers in a cost-effective
manner. Other product ranges included the Madge LAN Video Gateway which enabled
organizations of any size to enhance communications through deployment of
desktop video conferencing over a local area network and the "Video-In-A-Box," a
desktop video conferencing package that allowed our resellers to provide
customers with an integrated LAN video conferencing solution.
In September 2000, Madge.connect sold its Video Networking Business to
Initia, Inc. (formerly YorkTel Acquisition Corporation). As part of this
agreement, key staff transferred to Initia and Initia agreed to acquire
inventory we own to support this business over the following twelve months.
At the same time, the manufacturing function of the Video Networking
Business was sold separately to Freedom Vertical Technologies, Inc ("Freedom").
Subsequent to this sale, we have agreed with Freedom that we would continue to
have a direct relationship with Kbyte Hibbing Manufacturing, one of the main
component suppliers of the Video Networking business so that Freedom can
continue to manufacture the Video Networking products for Initia. However we do
not intend to place any more purchase orders for such components once the
existing open purchase orders in place have been fully used up which we estimate
will be by the end of July 2001.
MARKETING, SALES AND DISTRIBUTION
We have sales offices or local commission agents in regions with market
potential for our products throughout the world. As part of the restructuring of
the Madge.connect group that we have undertaken since the start of the fourth
quarter of 1999 we have been reducing the number of our sales and marketing
personnel although some have become sales agents acting on our behalf and some
have been transferred to Red-M. The effect of these changes has been to move
Madge.connect to a variable cost base in order to increase profitability. Our
restructuring of the Madge.connect group to create a more simplified business
model will continue. Further headcount reductions may well be required in
Madge.connect as sales continue to decline further.
Substantially all of our Madge.connect sales are fulfilled and
distributed world wide through a network comprised of distributors, value added
resellers and original equipment manufacturers. Our indirect distribution
channels vary from country to country. In the United States, the majority of our
products are sold through two major national distributors, Ingram Micro, Inc.
and Tech Data Corporation, Inc. In Europe, Asia and other markets, we sell our
products predominately through sales agents, distributors and resellers. As part
of the restructuring mentioned above we have undertaken a restructuring of our
channel relationships world-wide and substantially reduced the number of channel
partners and third party sales agents we deal with directly in order to
streamline our business to reflect the declining Token Ring market. For further
details of the risks involved with this strategy and in using a distribution
channel generally, see Item 3D "Risk Factors". For the year ended December 31,
2000, one
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distributor, Ingram Micro, a distributor of Madge.connect in the United States,
accounted for more than 10% our consolidated net sales from continuing
operations. Madge.connect generally operate with little backlog, although we
have recently experienced some product supply issues that caused a backlog as at
December 31, 2000 and may do so in the future.
During the latter part of 2001, we intend to release a "Web Exchange
Portal" that will enable customers globally to purchase, online over the
Internet, Madge.connect Token Ring products from our resellers. Purchase orders
will be passed to and fulfilled by the resellers. This will allow Madge.connect
to maintain global sales presence despite reductions in the number of channel
partners, Madge sales staff and Madge regional offices. We are also
concentrating our efforts on updating and monitoring our end user and partner
database with a view to marketing more effectively to our end users and putting
them in touch with our channel partners for them to acquire products through.
Our marketing activities include a web site through which we market our
products and services. We also have a web site (Madge-on-line) specifically to
allow our resellers and distributors to order products via the Internet. We run
a variety of marketing campaigns that are designed to attract new Madge
customers, communicate with existing customers and partners and to position the
benefits of Madge Token Ring products. These marketing activities include postal
mailing, electronic communications, channel reward programs, seminars,
telemarketing and the production and distribution of sales and technical
literature. In addition, we produce a technical information service in
newsletter format that provides an update on matters of technical interest to
end users of our products. From time to time we also produce "white papers" that
deal with broader issues of interest to network managers.
We derived approximately $199.7 million, $116.3 million and $84.3
million, or 66%, 71% and 67% of our net Madge.connect sales from operations
outside of the Americas in fiscal years 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. We
expect that international sales will continue to represent a majority of our net
sales.
END USERS
Madge.connect products are sold to a diverse range of organizations
worldwide, such as Lufthansa Systems GmbH, Visa International, HM Treasury, US
Department of Housing and Urban Development, US Social Security Administration,
Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT AND SERVICE
In April 2000 Madge.connect outsourced its technical support function
to Vital Networks LLC ("Vital"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Data Com
Inc. and a leading provider of service and support for converging networks.
Under the agreement Vital agreed to provide all our existing and future
Madge.connect customers with certain measurable levels of support and training
at least until April 2005. Part of the Madge.connect technical support
organization and its systems and processes were integrated into Vital's Global
LAN support organization, enabling it to enhance and expand the support services
offered by Madge.connect. See Item 3D "Risk Factors" for the effects this
outsourcing may have on our future revenues.
MANUFACTURING
Our Madge.connect products are manufactured to our specifications by
subcontractors. In September 2000, we sold our manufacturing facilities in
Eatontown, New Jersey, where we assembled and tested certain of our video
networking products, to Freedom. We expect to meet our future manufacturing
requirements by the continued use of subcontract suppliers.
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In 1998 we sold our Irish manufacturing facility to Celestica, which
agreed to serve as our subcontract manufacturer for our Token Ring products for
five years, the first three years being our sole supplier. This arrangement has
resulted in reduced manufacturing expenses and increased operating efficiencies.
Celestica remains the significant subcontractor of Madge.connect products
although we plan to utilize alternative sources of supply in the future. Some of
the ongoing product requirements for the products we acquired from Olicom are
currently produced in Thailand by the subcontract manufacturers that Olicom used
before we acquired their Token Ring business.
Our subcontract manufacturing suppliers not only provide manufacturing
and assembly services, but also testing and other activities. We develop
detailed test procedures and test specifications for each product and require
the subcontractor to use those procedures and specifications before shipping
finished products. We pay only for fully tested products meeting our determined
standards.
We may from time-to-time manufacture products for resale by customers
under the customers own label but the majority of our revenue is from products
we have manufactured and resell to our channel partners. For further details on
the risks associated with using third party component suppliers and subcontract
manufacturers see Item 3D "Risk Factors".
COMPETITION
Our Madge.connect products compete on the basis of performance,
features and price. Other principal competitive factors include product
reliability, service, and compatibility with users' network architectures and
flexibility of use within a user's networking environment.
In August 1999, we acquired the Token Ring business of Olicom. Our
primary competitor in the market for Token Ring adapter remains IBM. To a much
lesser extent, we also compete against 3Com Corporation (3Com) and other smaller
providers of adapter cards, such as Xircom, Inc. According to In-Stat, our
combined Madge and Olicom world-wide market for Token Ring adapters was 41.3%
for the fourth quarter of 1999, second only to IBM's lead position of 49.6 %.
Our market share for 2000 was 41.4%.
In the market for Token Ring hubs, we principally compete with IBM and
Nortel Networks Corporation (Nortel), and to a lesser extent to Cabletron
Systems, Inc and 3Com. According to estimates by In-Stat, for 2000 we had the
third largest world-wide market share for Token Ring hubs.
In the Token Ring switching market, our primary competitors following
our acquisition of Olicom's Token Ring business are Cisco Systems, Inc (Cisco),
IBM and Nortel. According to Dell'Oro, we had the largest world-wide market
share for Token Ring switches during 2000, 49.2%.
In the ATM backbone products market, our primary competitors are Fore
Systems, a wholly owned subsidiary of Marconi Plc, IBM, Cisco and Nortel. In the
ATM adapter card market, our primary competitor is Fore Systems.
IBM is both a key supplier of Token Ring network products and an
established vendor of computer and networking systems, products and services to
a substantial number of existing and potential end users of our products. IBM
and Cisco dominate the market for networking products and from time to time
these companies establish strategic working relationships with independent
networking vendors. The selection, on a preferential basis, of one or more of
our competitors for such relationships, could materially adversely affect our
business. In addition to IBM and Cisco, there exists substantial competition
from a number of established communications and computer networking companies,
including 3Com, and Nortel, all of which have greater name recognition, more
extensive engineering, manufacturing, marketing and distribution capabilities
and greater financial, technological and personnel resources than we do. We have
also experienced competition from discount providers of Token Ring adapter cards
(including brokerage
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firms) and from other competitive products and technologies, mainly Ethernet. We
may also face competition from potential new entrants into our segments of the
computer networking industry, many of which have substantially greater resources
than we do however, this is unlikely in the Token Ring products sector given the
mature state of this market.
We have experienced intense price competition in our markets,
especially for Token Ring adapter cards, and expect this competition to
continue. Increased competitive factors could force us to reduce prices further
and could adversely affect our market share and results of operations. New
product architectures permitting a significantly lower cost structure or
significantly better price/performance characteristics could also increase
competition in the markets in which we compete. There can be no assurance that
we will be able to compete successfully in the future against existing or
potential competitors or successfully adapt to changes in the market for our
products. An increase in competition would have a material adverse effect on our
business and results of operations.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
We have been reducing our research and development in Token Ring over
the last two years given the mature nature of the Token Ring market place. In
1998, 1999 and 2000 our research and development expenditure in Madge.connect
was $36.0 million, $28.8 million and $8.4 million or approximately 14.8%, 17.3%
and 6.6%, respectively, of total net sales of Madge.connect. Our Madge.connect
Token Ring research and development effort is primarily focused on existing
product lines to remove hardware and software defects, as reported by customers
for example, and to a lesser extent on developing new product lines.
Rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and frequent
new competitive product introductions characterize the LAN market.
Madge.connect's success will depend upon our ability to maintain good working
relationships with our existing customers, new customers, OEMs and channel
partners and upon maintaining product availability. Another key element of our
success will be our ability to ensure continued compatibility and
interoperability of our products with products from other leading vendors, as
well as with various personal computer architectures and network operating
systems. There can be no guarantee we will be able to maintain this
compatibility.
DATA PROTECTION RULES
Data protection rules have been introduced already or are about to be
introduced in all our major non-U.S. markets, it is especially prominent in the
European Union where the Data Protection Directive (95/46/EU) established a
regulatory framework to establish a high level of protection for the privacy of
individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and the free movement
of this personal data within the European Union. European Union states are free
to implement this directive in their own way, which has lead to a diversity of
rules across the member states of the European Union and which we expect will
make it even more difficult for us to ensure we do not breach these rules. We
are continually adapting our operations to ensure we do not fall foul of these
rules and other rules governing, e-commerce, databases, electronic signatories,
encryption and electronic copyright, but can give no assurance that existing
rules or future changes in rules in one or more countries will not impact our
business adversely.
RED-M
Red-M develops and markets Bluetooth networking infrastructure product
solutions and its mission is to be the global market leader in Bluetooth network
solutions that enable access to personal and business information, the Internet,
entertainment, commerce, and data, voice and video communications inside
buildings and public concourse from a wide range of electronic appliances and
communication
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devices. Red-M was announced publicly in May 2000 and has already won
recognition from the industry for its development efforts. Red-M was a
subsidiary of Madge Networks until April 12, 2001 when we obtained venture
capital funding, as a result of which Red-M is now an associate company. For
further details see Item 4A "History and Development".
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology invented by Ericsson in
1994. According to forecasts by Merrill Lynch published in February 2001, by
2006 there will be 2.2 billion Bluetooth-enabled devices shipped and the
installed base will exceed 5.4 billion units. Red-M expects Bluetooth to become
the ubiquitous technology for devices communicating over a local wireless
connection. The Bluetooth standards are currently being defined by the Bluetooth
Special Interest Group, which has over 2,400 of the world's leading companies as
members including Microsoft, IBM, Intel, Motorola, Nokia, Ericsson, Toshiba,
Lucent, 3Com, Sony and Phillips.
In October 2000 Red-M announced the world's first integrated Bluetooth
network product range for use within a building (the 3000AS Access Server and
the 1000AP Access Point). These products provide reliable and secure access to
the Internet and intranet from a wide range of mobile devices including laptops,
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA's) and mobile phones. The Red-M product family
is capable of delivering real business benefits in a range of applications -
from airport lounges, retail industry and hotel rooms, to corporate centres and
home offices. This will enable wide-scale adoption of mobile commerce across
different consumer and business sectors.
THE BLUETOOTH INDUSTRY
In the future, Red-M believes individuals will have access to personal
and business information, the Internet, entertainment, commerce, and data, voice
and video communications at any time, any place and anywhere from a variety of
electronic devices. Red-M believes access will be provided over broadband
wireless networks that liberate individuals from the constraints of cables, and
offer flexibility and mobility to users. Inside buildings and public concourses
Red-M expects the preferred technology will be Bluetooth, since it will become
the ubiquitous wireless technology in electronic appliances and communication
devices, and will be the foundation of the new wireless world inside buildings.
Bluetooth is being built into many electronic devices - 5.4 billion of
them by 2006 according to forecasts by Merrill Lynch. These include computers,
PDA's, DVD and MP3 players, camcorders etc. With a Bluetooth network in place,
all of these devices will have access to the Internet, a local Intranet and any
other communication services offered inside the building. Red-M believes the
potential is enormous since it will allow everything from electronic cash
payment for m-commerce applications through to the distribution of content and
entertainment services (e.g., music to an MP3 player) over a Bluetooth
infrastructure inside the building.
Red-M is developing a range of hardware and software products that
provides the Bluetooth wireless infrastructure inside a building. As it rolls
out product solutions world-wide, Red-M plans to add additional software and
services to the portfolio. This will ultimately allow in-building Bluetooth
networks to be linked on a world-wide basis and in doing so allow personalized
services, information and access wherever an individual enters a Bluetooth
enabled building.
RED-M PRODUCTS AND PRODUCT SOLUTION
On October 16, 2000 Red-M announced its first products: the 3000AS
Access Server and the 1000AP Access Point. We believe these were the first
commercially shipped Bluetooth networking products in the world. Not only do
these products provide a local Bluetooth network inside a building or public
concourse, but they also provide access to a local Intranet or public Internet
over a Wide Area Network connection. At the core of the product range is Red-M's
proprietary Bluetooth Internet Access
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Server or "BIAS"(TM) software technology. This software allows a secure, fully
managed, Bluetooth network infrastructure to be provided inside a building or
public concourse providing a high level of device interconnectivity for a range
of Bluetooth-enabled devices. Red-M owns key intellectual property that is at
the heart of the BIAS software which it is in the process of patenting. First
shipments of these products occurred during November 2000 to third party
application developers to enable them to work with Red-M's research and
development and marketing personnel to create new applications for its products.
No revenue was recognized for 2000 for these first shipments since they were
being utilized to prove concepts and to test the products. During the first
quarter of 2001 Madge recognized minimal initial revenue from Red-M product
sales, however, from April 12, 2001, we will no longer recognize Red-M revenue
as we are now only a shareholder.
SALES & MARKETING
To date, shipments have been primarily to application developers. To
facilitate these sales and development opportunities, Red-M has launched the
m-dev(TM) program, which provides application developers with product, support
and information to develop their applications.
Red-M envisages selling its products through a channel of system
integrators that will provide a complete communications service to their
customers, for which Bluetooth and Red-M's products will be an integral part.
The system integrators will supply Red-M products along with third party PDAs
and the integration services that will be required to link all elements of the
Bluetooth network. Red-M has sales and marketing personnel based in the United
Kingdom, United States, Germany, South Africa, and the Scandinavia region.
MANUFACTURING
Red-M is currently establishing relationships with suppliers and
subcontractors to produce its products. The products currently produced are of
medium complexity in terms of the manufacturing process; however, the test
process required to reach the high level of quality and product performance they
require, is complex. The manufacturing process is further complicated by the
availability of application specific silicon required for these products and the
fact that Red-M is still having to make revisions to basic designs because the
Bluetooth standards are still being revised and agreed by the Bluetooth Special
Interest Group.
CUSTOMERS
Red-M is currently focusing its development and sales and marketing
activities in the vertical markets of airports, hotels and retailers. The
acceptance of Bluetooth as a mobile networking technology is in its early stages
and it has sold products to application developers to assist with the definition
and meeting of the needs of identified customers to service their own customers.
Red-M is currently at the test and proof of concept stage with a number of
potential customers and anticipates carrying out pilot projects during 2001.
COMPETITION
There are a number of competing technologies currently being developed
in the wireless LAN/Internet space. The main one is 802.11b. This technology is
currently being developed by a number of vendors. Bluetooth has a number of
advantages over this technology as 802.11b is for laptop PC's only, is not
easily adaptable for PDAs, cannot transmit voice and is expected to be more
expensive than Bluetooth to implement.
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In the Bluetooth market, Red-M do compete with other suppliers, some of
which are much larger than Red-M. However, different companies have concentrated
upon different areas of the Bluetooth market and Red-M believe that its
differentiator in the marketplace will be its ability to offer solutions across
several key areas, i.e. to provide a secure network, voice compatibility and
roaming services along with other value added services.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
In 2000, Red-M incurred $6.8 million on research and development. It
will face risks to its business if the markets and industry standards for these
new Red-M products and services do not develop as expected. The Bluetooth
standards are still being defined and it is crucial that Red-M be able able to
maintain flexibility in its research and development efforts and to influence
the development of applications using its hardware to ensure that its
interpretation of the Bluetooth standard adopted. If Red-M's research and
development expenditures do not result in revenue-generating products or
services, its results of operations would be adversely affected, as would be the
value of our Red-M shareholding.
MADGE.WEB
Madge.web was a global provider of rich content applications, content
distribution and managed networks services that assist businesses in maximizing
the value of their content assets. Madge.web developed a comprehensive suite of
integrated services that addressed the three phases of the rich content life
cycle -- digital content creation, digital asset management and digital
marketing. We have signed a letter of intent to sell Madge.web's global Trader
Voice business. It is unlikely that we will find a buyer for Madge.web's IP
business as a going concern and we are trying to sell the other assets of the
Madge.web business. We are treating Madge.web as a discontinued business under
Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30. For further details see Item 4A
"History and Development".
SERVICES
The following describes the services that Madge.web offered as at March
2001. The Managed Private Network service listed below under Digital content
creation services forms the global Trader Voice business that we hope to sell by
mid July 2001. All other services listed below except for the U.S. based piece
of the Managed Hosting Services listed under Digital Asset Management Services
have been discontinued.
DIGITAL CONTENT CREATION SERVICES
Digital content creation services source all content elements, such as
video, audio, images, and interactive media, and assemble these elements into
final rich content products such as film, music, animation, games, on-line
publications and live broadcasts. Madge.web's service offerings in this phase of
the rich content life cycle included:
- - Source Encoding. Allows customers to encode their rich media content or
migrate their more traditional rich media content into formats that can be
stored, archived, searched and distributed in conformance with industry
standard electronic formats.
- - Managed Private Networks. Allows businesses to take advantage of
Madge.web's Overnet for mission-critical workflow communications and data
exchange applications using a number of protocols and, when using Internet
Protocol, or IP, avoiding mixing their packets with those of other
customers.
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- - Secure Data Exchange. Includes managed virtual private networks, or VPNs,
for a variety of content creation applications, which operate over
Madge.web's Overnet. This service also includes managed firewalls and other
security measures, used to protect the integrity and security of the
content, and controlled network access to allow customers to securely join
the Intranet via remote dial up.
DIGITAL ASSET MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Digital asset management services manage a customer's library of rich
content assets through data storage and archiving, content cataloging and
searching, user-access applications, and digital rights tracking and protection.
Madge.web's service offerings in this phase of the rich content life cycle
included:
- - Managed Hosting. Fully managed hosting solutions for controlled access in
Intranet and Extranet applications.
- - Application Administration and Security. Required for mission-critical Web
asset management applications.
DIGITAL MARKETING SERVICES
Content marketing services enable the online delivery of rich content
products to online users and associated e-commerce marketing through the
following services:
- - Content Distribution. The explosion in demand for complex content such as
audio, video, e-commerce and other distributed applications is now raising
issues of speed and reliability that expose the inherent limitations of the
existing Internet architecture. Madge.web completed the first phase of the
deployment of Inktomi technology within its global Overnet architecture to
build a broadband enabled Content Distribution Network (CDN) that bypasses
the congested public Internet and brings content closer to the end user.
- - Streaming Media Broadcast. Services were offered which provided live or
playback on-demand streaming of video and audio broadcasting and of special
events to multiple users simultaneously.
- - Advertising. Internet advertising bureau service offered in alliance with
Engage Technologies under the name Engage AdBureau Europe. This service
hosts and delivers banner advertisements and other profile-driven content,
utilizing the Engage Knowledge profile database.
- - Transaction Support. This service, licensed from ClearCommerce Corporation,
provided real-time processing of online payment transactions.
- - Delivery Formatting. The final formatting of rich content for delivery in
appropriate formats for the specific type of online consumption, including
streaming media.
- - Content Site Hosting. Housed on one or more dedicated servers to provide
customers with managed server platforms and associated management of
operating systems and hosting software.
MADGE.WEB'S NETWORK
To deliver high quality, reliable and secure application services,
Madge.web operated a private network ("Overnet") that bypasses the public
Internet and incorporates strategically located network operation centers, data
centers and points of presence (PoPs). The result is a network that had 53 PoPs,
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network operations centers in Wokingham (United Kingdom) and New York City, data
centers in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, London, Paris, Madrid, Milan and New York City
and operated in 25 countries.
Madge.web initially acquired the networking facilities of its Overnet
when it acquired Gains in February 1999 and since then had been extending its
capabilities by adding data centers and enhancing its architecture by adding
sophisticated content distribution of both static and dynamic content. The
network has now been substantially downsized as we have been unable to secure a
buyer for this part of the Madge.web business.
Content Distribution Network
Pursuant to a strategic alliance with Inktomi Corporation, Madge.web
installed Inktomi caching and content distribution technology in 21 locations in
15 countries world-wide. This network has been discontinued.
STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
Madge.web had established alliances with Inktomi Corporation,
RealNetworks Inc., Magnifi Inc. and Engage Technologies Inc. It is also a
co-founder of the Content Bridge Alliance. Where possible we intend to sell or
assign these agreements in order to realize some residual value from them.
Inktomi Corporation
In August 2000, Madge.web announced a strategic technology and
marketing alliance with Inktomi Corporation to enhance Madge.web's global
private Overnet with content distribution services for the business-to-business
market. Inktomi's network cache platform and content distribution technology
enabled Madge.web to offer global content distribution services designed
specifically for content-intensive industries such as financial services and
media.
Content Bridge Alliance
An important extension to Madge.web's alliance with Inktomi has been
the Content Bridge Alliance. Madge.web was a founding member of the Content
Bridge alliance in August 2000. Content Bridge and Madge.web announced on
January 5, 2001 that they had successfully completed network testing and were
preparing to offer the new Content Bridge services to their customers.
Other initial Content Bridge members include Adero Inc., America Online
Inc., Digital Island Inc., Exodus Communications, Inc., Genuity Inc., Inktomi
Corporation and Mirror Image Internet, Inc.
RealNetworks Inc.
In December 1999, Madge.web entered into a five year agreement with
RealNetworks to extend Real Broadcast Network, or RBN, services to Europe. The
RBN is an Internet broadcast service providing streaming media distribution
services on behalf of broadcasters and online content providers.
Through its agreement with RealNetworks, Madge.web set up the Madge
Broadcast Network, an affiliate network and broadcast operations center in
Europe that utilizes RealNetworks technology. The MBN went into operations in
the second quarter of 2000 and earned initial revenues in the third quarter of
2000.
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Magnifi
In October 2000 Madge.web entered a strategic alliance with Magnifi, a
Los Gatos, California-based developer and operator of business-to-business
extranet services targeted at the marketing services industry to support the
creation and management of their marketing content assets.
In January 2001, Magnifi and Proctor & Gamble (P&G) announced that they
are forming a joint venture, to be called "Emmperative" that will provide other
companies with best practice marketing know-how and practical marketing
applications and tools via a global technology infrastructure.
During the fourth quarter of 2000, Madge.web also acquired $2.0 million
worth of Series E preferred stock of Magnifi, giving us 623,053 or 8.1% of the
fully diluted Series E stock or approximately 1.3% holding of Magnifi's total
fully diluted equity as at October 31, 2000. Madge.web's stock will be converted
into a right to receive the same number of shares in Emmperative.
Engage Technologies, Inc.
In May 1999, Madge.web entered into a three year agreement with Engage
Technologies, a subsidiary of CMGI. Under this agreement, Madge.web obtained
exclusive rights to operate the Engage AdBureau, a turnkey service for the
scheduling, targeting, delivery, and reporting of Internet advertising in
Europe. In June 1999, Madge.web established the hosting service for Engage
AdBureau.
SALES AND MARKETING
Madge.web's sales strategy combined direct and indirect sales channels
for its target markets with an emphasis on direct sales. Primary marketing
communications activities for both Madge.web's existing customer base and
potential customers included public relations, media advertising, direct
response programs, trade shows and its own Web site.
Madge.web aggressively grew its sales force world-wide in 2000, with a
particular focus on Europe and had fully operational and staffed sales offices
in Europe in the United Kingdom, Holland, Germany, France, Italy and Spain.
Madge.web's direct sales force was also based in the United States, Singapore,
Hong Kong and Japan and also covered other markets such as Malaysia and
Australia.
Following the realization that we will be unable to sell the whole of
the Madge.web business as a going concern, all the sales offices and datacenters
in Europe are being closed and the U.S. and Asian operations have been
downsized.
Madge.web also has an established network of resellers who sell its
trader voice service, including Colt, British Telecom and Singapore Telecom and
the aim is to transfer these relationships to the purchaser of this part of the
business.
CUSTOMERS
At December 31, 2000, Madge.web had approximately 400 customers under
contract, averaging approximately $69,000 in contracted annual revenues per
customer (excluding its largest customer, Tullett & Tokyo, a trader voice
customer, which is contracted for approximately $10.0 million of annualized
revenue). Madge.web customers included financial institutions such as Credit
Suisse First Boston, Dresdner Bank, Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch and Fiduciary
Trust, media companies such as Empty Space, Guardian Media, IPC and Ogilvy &
Mather, and other companies such as Autobar, Cicero.com and Invacare. Madge.web
entered into customer contracts, typically for one year or more, that provide
for
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either monthly or quarterly payments to be made and as such Madge.web revenue is
also subject to fluctuations as customer contracts end, tariff rates change and
new contracts are signed.
MADGE.WEB SERVICES REGULATION
Madge.web holds direct licenses to operate international voice services
in the United States under a Federal Communications Commission licence under
section 214 of the Communications Act 1934 (a FCC214 licence), and in the United
Kingdom we have a licence to provide International Simple Voice Resale services
under section 7 of the Telecommunications Act of 1984 (an ISVR licence). In
Germany and the Netherlands Madge.web has completed the notification process
with the relevant authorities (the RegTP and OPTA respectively) to allow the
provision of our full portfolio of services. In Singapore Madge.web holds a
Service-Based Operator (SBO) licence needed for its virtual private network and
voice services. We will be trying to transfer these licenses to the new
purchaser of the global Trader Voice business.
MANAGEMENT OF MADGE.WEB
During our attempts to secure a purchaser for Madge.web's businesses
and assets, the business is being run by Martin Malina, Senior Vice President -
Lines of Business; Bob Lindsey, Vice President - Operations; Christopher
Semprini, Financial Director and Andrew Gillham - Director of Human Resources.
Robert Madge and Christopher Bradley resigned as Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer of Madge.web, respectively, with effect from April 27,
2001 and will be concentrating their efforts on maximizing the interests of
Madge Networks as the major creditor of Madge.web.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Our ability to compete successfully depends, in part, on our ability to
protect the proprietary technology contained in our products and services. We
currently rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret
laws and contractual provisions to establish and protect the proprietary rights
in Madge.connect products and Madge.web services. We generally enter into
confidentiality and/or license agreements with our employees, distributors,
customers, suppliers and fellow developers that limits access to and
distribution of our proprietary information. Olicom, which sold us its Token
Ring business in 1999, has warranted that the intellectual property we acquired
from it does not infringe third party rights and has provided us with an
indemnity to this effect. We also rely upon a number of third party licenses
that Olicom had in order to continue to produce their products. All material
licenses have been assigned; however we have only oral agreements regarding a
number of licences of lesser importance. In addition, the products Red-M is
developing may well be jointly developed with their competitors in this new
wireless internet market. Red-M's ability to protect its intellectual property
and get rights from others to use its intellectual property will be key to its
success in this market.
There can be no assurance that these protections will be adequate to
deter misappropriation of our or Red-M's technology or independent third-party
development of similar technologies. As at December 31, 2000 we held 36 patents,
18 of which are in the United States, and have numerous other patent
applications pending. These patent registrations and applications relate both to
Madge.connect and Red-M products, with the Red-M products being the bulk of the
outstanding patent applications. The Red-M applications are owned by that
company. There can be no assurance that patents will issue with respect to the
pending applications or that any issued patents will be upheld as valid or will
prevent the development of competitive products. The laws of some countries do
not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United
States and The Netherlands. Moreover, our and Red-M's efforts to enable our
respective products to adhere to industry standards can limit the opportunities
to provide proprietary features that may be protected. In addition, adherence to
industry standards may require licensing the
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proprietary technology of others. This is particularly relevant to Red-M where
it participates in a number of Special Interest Groups that require each party
to share its patentable information for the benefit of the whole group.
As is common in the computer networking industry, we are subject to the
risk of litigation alleging infringement of third party intellectual property
rights. The risks of such an infringement action is particularly high in
emerging markets such as Bluetooth. Red-M, along with the majority of companies
operating in this market have made patent applications in an attempt to patent
its position and it will take several years for the information about who has
patented what to be in the public domain, meaning Red-M could be required to
license patents from third parties or re-engineer its product to continue to
produce the product portfolio it hopes to have developed by that stage. We have
received letters alleging or implying that our Madge.connect products infringe
certain patents of third parties, including a letter from each of Lucent
Technologies, Nortel and Hitachi and may receive similar claims in the future.
In 1999 we entered into a three year license with IBM whereby we licensed a
number of its patents and IBM licensed a number of our Madge.connect patents.
For further details on the risks involved, see Item 3D "Risk Factors".
MADGE, THE MADGE LOGO, MADGE.CONNECT, MADGE.WEB, RED-M, COLLAGE, MADGE BROADCAST
NETWORK, MADGE PERSPECTIVE LAN TOOLS, M-DEV, RED-M BIAS, RINGRUNNER, SMART
DESKSTREAM, SMARTCAU PLUS, SMARTLAM, SMARTRAM, SMART RINGSWITCH, SMART
RINGSWITCH EXPRESS AND SMART RINGSWITCH PLUS ARE TRADEMARKS, AND IN SOME
JURISDICTIONS MAY BE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS, OF MADGE NETWORKS NV OR ASSOCIATED
COMPANIES. OTHER TRADEMARKS APPEARING IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE PROPERTY OF THEIR
RESPECTIVE OWNERS.
C. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Until April 2001, we operated through three subsidiary groups,
Madge.connect, Red-M and Madge.web each of which have legal entities in
different jurisdictions throughout the world. As at December 31, 2000 all of
these legal entities were 100% owned, directly or indirectly, by Madge Networks
N.V. except for Madge.web N.V. which was 93% owned by Madge Networks N.V. and 7%
owned by Volendam Investeringen N.V. See Item 5 "Operating & Financial Review
and Prospects" for further details.
During April 2001, we sold some of our shares in Red-M (Communications)
Limited to the Red-M Investors as well as issued new shares in Red-M to them and
to the management of Red-M. As a result of these transactions, as of May 1,
2001, we held 49.6% of the voting rights and 41.6% of the equity in Red-M, the
Red-M Investors held 49.6% and 57.8% of the voting and equity, respectively, and
the management of Red-M held the balance.
On April 27, 2001 Madge.web Limited was put into Administration under
the rules of the English courts and on May 15, 2001 Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd was
put into Interim Judicial Management in Singapore. On June 12, 2001 Madge.web
B.V. received permission from the Dutch courts for an Insolvent Liquidation.
The following is a list of the major subsidiaries and associated companies in
the Madge group:
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BUSINESS NAME DOMICILE
Madge.connect Madge.connect Holdings B.V. The Netherlands
Madge Networks Limited United Kingdom
Madge Networks Inc. United States
Madge Networks Asia Pacific B.V. The Netherlands
Madge Networks GmbH Germany
Corporate Madge Group Services Limited United Kingdom
Madge Networks AB Sweden
Red-M Red-M (Communications) Limited* United Kingdom
Red-M Inc. United States
Madge.web Madge.web N.V. The Netherlands
Madge.web Limited** United Kingdom
Madge.web Inc. United States
Madge.web B.V.*** The Netherlands
Madge SE Asia Pte Limited**** Singapore
* after April 12, 2001, became an associate company, not a wholly owned
subsidiary. Red-M Inc. is 100% owned by Red-M (Communications) Limited.
** in Administration
*** in Insolvent Liquidation
**** in Interim Judicial Management
D. PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT
Our registered office in The Netherlands is located in Hoofddorp, and
we have more than 30 other offices, datacenters or points of presence (PoPs)
around the world.
Our European headquarters are located in Wexham, England where our we
hold the lease on four buildings. These buildings were all leased in December
1996 and the leases will expire in 2021 with an option to terminate in 2011. The
four buildings comprise approximately 100,000 square feet, approximately 44,000
square feet of which is subleased for periods that expire in 2003 through 2011.
We are in the process of subletting a further approximately 13,000 square feet
of this site to Red-M until 2011 with mutual break clause options in 2004 and
2006. These buildings currently house administrative, sales and marketing, the
principal research and development facility and operational facilities and
incorporate personnel from each of the three groups within the Company and the
majority of the corporate personnel. We expect to consolidate our operations
into less space than we currently occupy and will be looking to sublet further
space in our Wexham Springs site over the coming months.
Madge.web's European network service and support facilities were
located in London, England and Wokingham, Berkshire, England and are comprised
of an aggregate of approximately 24,000 square feet. The London premises, which
also houses part of Madge.web's administrative facilities, were leased in August
1999, which lease will expire in September 2007. The Wokingham premises were
leased in December 1998, and which lease will expire in December 2013 with an
option to terminate in June 2009. Both these leases are guaranteed by Madge
Networks. Madge.web have entered into a number of leases for buildings to house
sales, marketing and support staff as well as its datacenters and PoPs to run
the
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Madge.web Overnet in mainland Europe. The main European facilities are Madge.web
datacenters in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Madrid, Milan and Paris that are each
comprised of approximately 2,000 square feet. None of Madge.web's PoPs exceed
500 square feet.
Madge.web's U.S. network service and support facilities are located in
New York, New York and are comprised of approximately 24,000 square feet. The
lease for this facility expires in February 2015 and is guaranteed by Madge
Networks.
We have significantly downsized our Madge.connect operations in the
United States by either assigning or subletting a number of leased facilities.
Madge.connect's U.S. headquarters are currently located in Milpitas, California
and are comprised of approximately 2,600 square feet. The building houses
administrative, sales and marketing, service and support and operational
activities. The lease for this building expires in 2003.
The vast majority of Red-M staff are located at our Wexham office in
England. Red-M also has a few personnel in offices in Germany, the United States
and South Africa that are leased either by Red-M (in the United States and South
Africa) or by other parts of the Madge group (in Germany).
As discussed, we have signed a letter of intent to sell Madge.web's
global Trader Voice business and under the agreement, currently envisaged, the
purchaser will take on approximately half the Madge.web space leased in London
along with the buildings leased by Madge.web in Singapore, Hong Kong. To the
extent that we are not able to transfer Madge.web's lease obligations to a
purchaser, Madge may retain continuing obligations under the guarantees it has
entered into on behalf of Madge.web. Given that we are unlikely to be able to
sell Madge.web's IP business as a going concern, other space leased by Madge.web
will be surplus to our requirements and we intend to sublet or assign the leases
as early as possible to third parties. Also as we scale back our corporate
functions we will be trying to minimise our liabilities by subletting or
assigning our lease obligations.
See Notes 4 and 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for
additional information regarding our properties and related commitments.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
Madge Networks N.V. ("Madge") is a global provider of advanced
Internet-centric network services and products, and mission-critical enterprise
solutions. Until April 2001, we operated through three subsidiary groups,
Madge.connect, Red-M and Madge.web: Madge.connect is a global supplier of Token
Ring LAN product solutions for mission-critical enterprise networks. Red-M is a
pioneering developer of Bluetooth networking solutions that enable access to a
range of voice, video and data from a range of mobile devices. As of April 2001
we no longer own a majority of the voting or equity interests of Red-M.
Madge.web was a global provider of rich content applications, content
distribution and managed network services. We are seeking purchasers for
Madge.web businesses and assets. Madge.connect is, therefore, our only
continuing operating business and we will need to make further cuts in our
Madge.connect and corporate cost base to maintain the profitability of our
business as the revenues reduce over time and add further revenue generating
activities over which to spread the cost base.
In April 2001, we secured additional funding for Red-M as a result of
which our share holding fell to 49.6% of the voting rights and 41.6% of the
equity, which percentages will decrease further upon the occurrence of various
events. From April 12, 2001 Red-M is classified as an associated company and we
will no longer receive any direct revenues from Red-M. In accordance with United
States generally accepted accounting principles, Madge will recognize our
allocable percentage of Red-M's net income or loss on our income statement but
will only receive cash if Red-M pays a cash dividend or makes a distribution to
its shareholders. See Item 4A "History and Development" and Item 4B "Business
Overview - Red-M" for additional information on the ownership and operation of
Red-M.
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On April 27, 2001, we publicly announced that, after 16 months of
seeking additional financing for Madge.web, the Board of Madge Networks decided
not to further fund the operations of Madge.web and that we were searching for a
purchaser of Madge.web. In order to provide for orderly administration of
Madge.web and to further the ability to sell it as a going concern, Madge.web
Limited in the United Kingdom and Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd in Singapore were put
into Administration and Interim Judicial Management, respectively, in accordance
with their local laws in processes broadly similar to Chapter 11 in the United
States. Madge Networks provided limited funding of the administration process
for these two entities. On June 12, 2001 we announced that we had signed a
letter of intent to sell Madge.web's global Trader Voice business and that we
are not likely to be able to sell the rest of the Madge.web business (the
Internet Protocol business) as a going concern. Thereafter, we received
permission from the Dutch courts for an Insolvent Liquidation of Madge.web B.V.,
the Dutch registered European sales subsidiary of Madge.web with branches in
France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, Madge.web is presented as a discontinued
business within this Annual Report on Form 20-F and the results for 1998 and
1999 have been reclassified accordingly. See Item 4A "History and Development",
Item 5 "Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" and Note 2 to the
financial statements for additional information with respect to the
Administration and possible sale of the parts of the Madge.web business.
As announced in June 2001, our Management Board is developing a
strategy and a number of actions to refocus Madge moving forward. These actions
include maintain profitability in our remaining operating subsidiary,
Madge.connect, through close management of pricing, product costs and overheads;
further streamlining our corporate organization; benefiting from any increase in
the value of Red-M; planning a senior management re-organization (which may
include the appointment of a new Chief Executive Officer) to optimize existing
business and resources and to provide new skills and leadership in further value
generation; exploring new business opportunities that can leverage our assets
and core competencies without significant use of resources; and seeking
additional equity funding at an appropriate time when the Company has made
progress in developing its value- generation strategy. There can be no assurance
that this strategy will be successful.
The results of Lannet, the Ethernet business we used to own, are
consolidated in the financial statements up to the time we sold it August 1998.
Results presented in the discussion below for our "continuing" operations
include Lannet, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Madge.web is presented as a
discontinued business in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No.
30 and the results for 1998 and 1999 have been reclassified accordingly.
Therefore, sales from continuing operations (excluding Lannet, which was sold in
1998), represents revenue earned by Madge.connect. Red-M did not generate any
revenues in 2000. Following the securing of funding for Red-M, as from April 12,
2001, Red-M is no longer part of the Madge group but is classed as an associated
company and as such its financial results will not be consolidated with those of
Madge Networks from that date.
A. OPERATING RESULTS
The following table shows the percentage of net sales from continuing
operations represented by certain items in our statements of operations related
to our continuing operations.
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Year ended December 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- ----------
Continuing Continuing Continuing
Operations Operations Operations
Total net sales 100% 100% 100%
Total cost of sales 49 48 53
---- ---- ----
Gross profit 51 52 47
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing expenses 26 37 30
Research and development expenses 15 17 12
General and administrative expenses 6 6 8
Special (gain) (11) (4) (2)
---- ---- ----
Total operating expenses 36 56 48
Operating income (loss) 15 (4) (1)
Net interest income (expense) 1 1 (1)
---- ---- ----
Income (loss) before income taxes 16 (3) (2)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes (1) -- --
Extraordinary charge (2) -- --
---- ---- ----
Income (loss) 13% (3)% (2)%
==== ==== ====
Net Sales
Total net sales from continuing operations, decreased from $301.4
million in 1998 to $166.7 million in 1999 to $125.9 million in 2000. Net sales
from Lannet were $59.0 million (20% of net sales) in 1998. The decrease in net
sales in 2000 reflected reduced demand for our products. As expected, we did not
recognize any revenue from shipment of Red-M products in the year ended December
31, 2000.
Net sales from continuing operations in 2000 included video networking
products up to the end of September 2000, when the business was sold. Because
the market for our Token Ring products (principally adapter cards) is declining,
we have been and are continuing to take steps to reduce overheads and streamline
the Madge.connect business. Net sales for Madge.connect excluding the video
networking business were $115.8 million for 2000 compared to $147.4 million for
1999.
In 2000, our Novations business was transferred from Madge.web to
Madge.connect. The Novation business consists of voice circuits, leased by our
customers from British Telecommunications Plc, where the customer and British
Telecommunications have agreed to novate to Madge.web. Net sales for 1999 for
Madge.connect were reclassified to include the Novations and Public Switched
Telephone Networks ("PSTN") contracts totalling $168.8 million.
Gross Profit
Gross profit from continuing operations increased from 51% of net sales
in 1998 to 52% of net sales in 1999 and then decreased to 47% of net sales in
2000. The reduced gross profit margin in 2000 compared with 1999 reflected the
continued competitive pricing pressures in Madge.connect.
Gross profit for Madge.connect for 1999 including the Novations and
PSTN business was 51%. Gross profit for Madge.connect excluding the video
networking business but including Novations and PSTN was 48% for 2000 compared
to 52% for 1999.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses from continuing operations decreased from
$80.6 million in 1998 to $60.9 million in 1999 to $37.7 million in 2000. These
expenses represented 26% of net sales in 1998, increasing to 37% of net sales in
1999 and then decreasing to 30% of net sales in 2000. The increase in sales and
marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue in 1999 compared to 1998 reflected
increased sales and marketing operations associated with the acquisition of the
Token Ring business of Olicom. During 2000, we reduced the size of our sales and
marketing activities in Madge.connect. Further
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headcount reduction in Madge.connect may be required in the future as sales for
Madge.connect decline further.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses from continuing operations decreased
from $47.7 million in 1998 to $28.8 million in 1999 to $15.1 million in 2000.
These expenses represented 15%, 17% and 12% of sales in 1998, 1999 and 2000,
respectively. The decline in expenditure reflected our strategy to reduce
research and development headcount focussed on the mature Token Ring market and
video networking. All of our research and development costs have been expensed
as incurred. Of the $15.1 million expense in 2000, $6.8 million related to
Red-M.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses from continuing operations
decreased from $17.0 million in 1998 to $10.9 million in 1999 to $10.4 million
in 2000. These expenses represented 6%, 7% and 8% of net sales in 1998, 1999 and
2000, respectively. General and administrative expenses included amortization of
the intangible asset relating to the acquisition of Olicom's Token Ring business
in September 1999. In 2000, the inclusion of amortization relating to Olicom
($6.6 million compared with $1.8 million in 1999) together with the expenses
incurred in starting Red-M, increased general and administrative expenses in
2000 by $5.6 million. This was offset by a reduction in bad debt expense and by
favourable foreign exchange movements, resulting in a net reduction of $0.5
million.
As a result of the sale or liquidation of Madge.web, we expect to make
headcount reductions in our corporate function to enhance the profitability and
cash generation of Madge.connect as the remaining operation of Madge.
Special Charges, Gains and Merger-Related Expenses
In the fourth quarter of 2000 we released a $3.5 million provision,
made at the time of the Lannet disposal, for potential associated costs that we
now no longer expect to arise.
During September 2000 we set up a new significant provision to cover
the restructuring program that has been put in place. The provision was for $2.0
million to cover the sale of the video networking business to Initia, Inc. The
provision covered inventory of $0.7 million, fixed assets of $1.1 million and
headcount costs of $0.2 million. This provision was offset by income and various
asset/liabilities relating to the video networking business of $1.1 million to
give a net charge of $0.9 million.
In the fourth quarter of 1999, Madge.connect created two separate
groups, one focusing on enterprise products (Token Ring and video networking)
and the other on new Internet related access products (now called Red-M). The
sales and marketing and research and development functions within Madge.connect
were also re-organized along these lines and the related costs were reduced,
including reductions in the headcount in Madge.connect. A special charge of $6.2
million was taken in the fourth quarter of 1999 relating to this restructuring.
Headcount in Madge.connect, including the headcount reduction related to this
restructuring, has fallen by 83% since the beginning of the fourth quarter 1999.
Some of the headcount removed from Madge.connect was transferred to Red-M. The
net reduction was 71%.
Offset against the charge of $6.2 million described above was a release
of reserves taken in relation to the sale of Lannet in the third quarter of
1998. The release of $15 million was a special credit to operating expenses in
the fourth quarter of 1999 and was in relation to original estimates for
representations and warranties that did not occur. In addition in June 1999, as
part of our regular reviews
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of the provisions originally created as a special charge on the sale of Lannet
in the third quarter of 1998, we reversed $4.1 million of the special charge.
The reversal related to forecast product returns and professional fees estimated
at the time of sale we did not incur.
During the third quarter of 1999 we incurred special charges of $1.2
million in connection with the acquisition of the Token Ring business of Olicom
A/S. The charges consisted of integration costs and legal fees.
Special charges incurred in the second quarter of 1999 related to the
reorganization of operating activities connected with the establishment of the
Enterprise Network Products Division (now Madge.connect). The charges consisted
of costs relating to facilities of $3.0 million, leasehold costs relating to
buildings of $0.6 million and provisions for writing off fixed assets of $0.5
million. Facilities and leasehold costs have and continue to be realized through
cash payments whereas fixed assets costs were for non-cash transactions. Planned
headcount reductions were provided for previously under provisions made at the
time of the sale of Lannet in August 1998.
We recorded a special gain of $34.8 million on the sale of Lannet in
the third quarter of 1998. The gain consisted of cash received for the
acquisition, less the write-off of the book value of Lannet, disposal related
provisions and other costs of disposal.
We also recorded an extraordinary charge in the third quarter of 1998
of $5.2 million relating to the redemption of our $30.0 million Convertible
Subordinated Notes issued in October 1997.
Sale of Madge.web
On April 27, 2001, one of our Madge.web subsidiary companies, Madge.web
Limited, entered into Administration in accordance with the rules of the English
courts. On May 15, 2001 another Madge.web subsidiary, Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd
entered into Interim Judicial Management by order of the High Court of
Singapore. Both processes are broadly similar to that of Chapter 11
reorganization under United States law. Madge Networks has been the principal
source of funds for Madge.web's operations to date and although Madge.web has
been seeking additional funding, sufficient additional funds have not been
secured. We announced our intention to sell the Madge.web business as a going
concern in April and have provided initial funding to the Administrators in the
United Kingdom and to the Interim Judicial Management in Singapore and the other
Madge.web companies to allow them to continue full services to their customers,
while a buyer for Madge.web is being sought.
In June 2001, we announced that we had signed a letter of intent with a
third party to sell the global Trader Voice business of Madge.web and that it is
unlikely we will be able to sell Madge.web's other business (Internet Protocol)
as a going concern. Thereafter, we received permission from the Dutch courts for
an Insolvent Liquidation of Madge.web B.V., the Dutch registered European sales
subsidiary of Madge.web with branches in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and
Sweden.
In accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30, the
Madge.web business is presented as a discontinued business in the financial
statements for 2000. Accordingly, the income statements for 1998 and 1999 have
been reclassified to reflect the Madge.web operating results as discontinued. In
addition, the assets and liabilities of Madge.web at December 31, 2000 have been
re-valued in light of this information and presented at the value expected to be
realized on the sale of the global Trader Voice business as a going concern and
on the sale of other assets of Madge.web. We have also made a provision of $41.7
million against the future expected losses of the business from the balance
sheet date to the expected date of sale of the global Trader Voice business and
against liabilities which may crystallize on our exit of the Madge.web business
which includes operational guarantees given by Madge Networks on behalf of
Madge.web that we may be unable to mitigate.
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Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization
Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA")
is not a measurement in accordance with United States GAAP. EBITDA is presented
as a management tool and is not necessarily comparable to similar measures used
by other companies. EBITDA for continuing operations (which includes
Madge.connect, Red-M and corporate) for 1998 was $58.0 million or $1.30 per
share. This compared to $10.9 million or $0.27 per diluted share for 1999 and
$14.6 million or $0.31 per share for 2000.
EBITDA for Madge.connect for 2000 was $21.8 million compared to $0.6
million for 1999. EBITDA for Madge.connect for 1999 including the Novations and
PSTN business was $0.8 million. EBITDA for Madge.connect excluding the video
networking business was $21.5 million for 2000 compared with $6.0 million for
1999.
Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes as a percentage of pre-tax income from
continuing operations (excluding Lannet) has ranged from a net expense of
approximately 7% in 1998 to 2% in 1999 to less than 1% in 2000.
In 1998, the low tax expense was principally the result of no income
tax expense from gains in the sales of Lannet and of our Irish manufacturing
facility. We also experienced operating losses in certain entities for 1998 that
we could not realize for tax purposes.
The tax expense in 2000 and 1999 was $201,000 and $938,000,
respectively, and was principally the result of profits in certain entities
against which we were unable to offset losses. We recognized approximately
$51,000, $44,000 and $39,000 current deferred tax assets at December 31, 1998,
1999 and 2000, respectively.
Investment in Red-M
On April 12, 2001 we secured additional funding for Red-M from the
Red-M Investors. Madge received $8.65 million in exchange for some of our shares
in Red-M and the Red-M Investors also invested a further $21.3 million directly
into the Red-M business in exchange for further shares being issued. For further
details see Item 4A "History and Development".
As at May 1, 2001 we held 49.6% of the voting rights and 41.6% of the
equity in Red-M. The Red-M Investors held 49.6% and 57.8% of the voting and
equity rights respectively, and the management of Red-M held the balance.
Sale of Video Networking
In September 2000 Madge.connect sold its video networking business to
Initia Inc. a provider of scalable, multi-service network solutions for
videoconferencing and distance learning applications based in New Jersey. As
part of this agreement, key staff transferred to Initia and Initia agreed to
acquire inventory we own to support this business over the following twelve
months. The sale of this business gave rise to a special charge of $0.9 million,
comprised of a $2.0 million provision to cover the restructuring program, offset
by income and various assets/liabilities relating to the Video Networking
business.
At the same time, the manufacturing function of the video networking business
was sold separately to Freedom and our support staff within this business were
transferred to them. In order that Freedom can
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continue to manufacture the video networking products for Initia, we agreed with
Freedom that for a period we would continue our direct relationship with Kbyte
Hibbing Manufacturing (Hibbings), one of the main component suppliers of the
Video Networking business. The components purchased by Madge from Hibbings under
this direct relationship are delivered to Freedom and are placed with all the
other Madge inventory which has been consigned to Freedom. Initia is obliged to
pay Madge for all inventory it uses from this consigned inventory during its
operation of the video networking business. We have indicated to Freedom, that
we have met all of our existing purchase obligations for long lead time items
and that we will not be entering into any new purchase orders once the existing
ones in place have been used up and Freedom should enter into a direct
relationship with Hibbings which we estimate will be by the end of July 2001.
Alliance with Magnifi
In October 2000 Madge.web entered a strategic alliance with Magnifi, a
Los Gatos, California-based developer and operator of business-to-business
extranet services targeted at the marketing services industry. The aim of the
alliance was to provide businesses with premium service rich content management
solutions to support the creation and management of their marketing content
assets.. For further details of this alliance and the new business that Magnifi
has formed with Proctor and Gamble see Item 4B "Madge.web - Strategic
Alliances".
During the fourth quarter of 2000, Madge.web also acquired $2.0 million
worth of Series E preferred stock of Magnifi, giving us 623,053 or 8.1% of the
fully diluted Series E stock or approximately 1.3% holding of Magnifi's total
fully diluted equity as at October 31, 2000. As a result of the joint venture
between Proctor and Gamble and Magnifi mentioned above in Item 4B "Madge.web -
Strategic Alliances", the investment stock will be converted into a right to
receive the same number of shares in the joint venture company, Emmperative. The
shares are transferable subject to compliance with the Investor Rights Agreement
which is intended to ensure compliance with the Securities Acts.
Alliance with Inktomi Corporation
In August 2000, Madge.web entered into a strategic technology and
marketing alliance with Inktomi Corporation, a developer of scalable Internet
infrastructure software to allow us to offer certain global content distribution
services. For further details of this alliance see Item 4B "Madge.web -
Strategic Alliances".
Inktomi had agreed in August 2000 to purchase $5.0 million worth of
shares in Madge.web, subject to certain conditions, following the second round
of financing for Madge.web that we were attempting to secure. We were unable to
secure this financing by the required end of March deadline and so this
agreement lapsed. In March 2001, Inktomi agreed to purchase $5.0 million worth
of shares in Madge Networks N.V. instead. These shares are to be purchased by
Inktomi following the filing of this Annual Report on Form 20-F at the closing
price one day after this Annual Report is filed (with a provision for us to
require a resetting of the price if it is less than $1.00, to the price on the
fifth day after the filing). The purchase obligation is conditional upon there
being no "material adverse change" in our business. Inktomi may argue that the
sale or liquidation of Madge.web is a "material adverse change" in our business
and refuse to make the investment.
Acquisition of Olicom A/S Token Ring business
On August 31, 1999, we completed an agreement with Olicom A/S, under
which we purchased the intellectual property and the rights to manufacture, sell
and develop Olicom's Token Ring product
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portfolio. The transaction also included Olicom's Token Ring customer base and
we hired 55 Olicom employees. The purchase price for the acquisition was $24.5
million, which included an initial payment of $12.3 million, $8.5 million placed
in escrow relating to future minimum guaranteed payments to be made over three
years based on a percentage of our Token Ring revenues, $2.0 million also placed
in escrow, payable on Olicom achieving certain technical support milestones, and
$0.7 million related to the assumption of a warranty liability. During 2000, we
paid $5.6 million from the escrow of which $3.6 million related to the royalty
payments due on our sales and $2.0 million to Olicom for achieving the technical
support milestones. We were also committed to purchase certain Olicom Token Ring
inventory in the six months following the sale. The agreement, inclusive of $1.2
million of acquisition related expenses, resulted in $24.5 million of specific
intangible assets, which are being amortized utilizing a reducing percentage
method, which approximates the forecast reduction in Token Ring sales over a
three year period. Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2000 was $13.1
million.
Acquisition of Gains
On February 5, 1999, we acquired all the outstanding shares of Gains
International (C.I.) Limited, Gains Hong Kong Limited and Gains Japan Co.
Limited, private companies incorporated in Guernsey, Channel Islands, Hong Kong
and Japan, respectively (collectively, "Gains"). Gains is an international
carrier supplying the financial sector. The purchase consideration was $46.0
million in cash. After taking into account the cash balances of Gains and
capitalized acquisition costs, the net cash outflow was $37.7 million. The
acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method, resulting in goodwill
of $33.9 million, which was being amortized on a straight line basis over twenty
years, and then following a re-evaluation of the value of the Gains business,
over ten years. In accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30,
the remaining balance of the goodwill has been re-evaluated, and provided
against.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
The functional currency of Madge Networks N.V. is the U.S. dollar and a
significant portion of net sales are collected in U.S. dollars. A substantial
portion of our net sales are also collected in currencies other than the U.S.
dollar, principally the British pound, the German mark, the French franc and the
euro. Because we have a substantial portion of our operations located outside
the United States, principally in the United Kingdom, a significant portion of
our manufacturing, logistics, research and development expenses, and general
administrative expenses are incurred in British pounds rather than U.S. dollars.
Although it is impossible to predict future exchange rate fluctuations between
the U.S. dollar and other currencies, it can be anticipated that to the extent
the U.S. dollar strengthens or weakens against the British pound, or to a lesser
extent other currencies, a substantial portion of our reported net sales, cost
of goods sold and operating expenses will be commensurately lower or higher than
they would have been with a stable foreign currency relationship. A portion of
our operations are effectively hedged by the distributed nature of our
world-wide sales and expenses. To the extent that we do not have balanced assets
and liabilities in one or more currencies, we can attempt to estimate the
exposure. At certain points throughout 2000 we hedged this exposure by
purchasing or selling foreign currencies one month forward. These transactions
do not eliminate our foreign currency risks as they involve estimates based on
incomplete information. The use of forward contracts was actively reviewed
throughout the year and the decision to hedge using these instruments depended
upon our view of the foreign exchange market at the time the decision whether or
not to hedge was taken. At December 31, 2000, there were no outstanding foreign
exchange contracts.
Foreign currency gains or losses are charged to, or offset against,
general and administrative expenses. Madge and our subsidiaries periodically
record gains and losses from transactions in, and re-measurements of foreign
currency balances and accounts denominated in, currencies other than their
respective functional currencies. This permits Madge and our subsidiaries to
present our financial
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statements in their respective functional currencies. As a result of these
foreign currency transactions and re-measurements, we booked net gains of
approximately $1,254,000 in 1998, net losses of $220,000 in 1999, and net gains
of $3,136,000 in 2000.
Madge accounts for foreign currency in accordance with SFAS No. 52,
"Foreign Currency Translation". Under this Statement, assets and liabilities of
our non-U.S. dollar subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange
rates in effect at the close of the period. The resulting translation
adjustments are excluded from net earnings, and accumulated as a separate
component of shareholders' equity. The income and expenses of these operations
are translated at monthly market exchange rates. As of December 31, 2000,
cumulative transaction adjustments decreased shareholders' equity by
approximately $13,310,000.
Capital expenditure
Total capital expenditure for the year ended December 31, 2000 was
$52.0 million of which $47.0 million was invested in further developing the
Madge.web network infrastructure. Assets acquired by Madge.web during the year
included software purchased from Inktomi to enhance the Madge.web Content
Distribution Network ($14.5 million), software purchased from RealNetworks for
the Madge.web streaming media service ($4.0 million), computer hardware to
expand the Overnet ($12.0 million) and customer specific equipment and related
monitoring software ($5.0 million). In accordance with Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 30 we have reviewed the carrying value of our capital
expenditure in Madge.web and provided against it, to the extent of the expected
return on these assets in the event of the sale of the Madge.web global trader
voice business as a going concern and the sale of its other assets.
B. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As at December 31, 2000, we had cash and cash equivalents from
continuing operations of $18.4 million and an additional $9.9 million of cash
that was restricted. As at March 31, 2001 our estimated, unaudited first quarter
results show we had cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations of $8.0
million and an additional $9 million of cash that was restricted. In addition,
under our Madge.connect working capital financing arrangement, secured by
Madge.connect accounts receivable (for further details see below), we had
approximately $8.4 million available as at March 31, 2001.
During April 2001, we transferred to Red-M cash of $2.7 million to
settle inter-company accounts and received $8.65 million from the sale of our
Red-M shares. We no longer have any funding commitments to Red-M following the
securing of funding for Red-M from the Red-M Investors on April 12, 2001. For
further details see Item 3A "History and Development".
From March 31, 2001 until Madge.web Limited entered administration on
April 27, 2001, we had utilized approximately $3.5 million of cash in Madge.web.
We have provided an aggregate of $6.3 million to the Administrators of
Madge.web Limited in the United Kingdom and the Interim Judicial Management in
Singapore to operate their respective Madge.web operations while a buyer is
sought for the Madge.web business and assets. The Administrators and Interim
Judicial Management are also seeking the assistance of the customers and
suppliers of Madge.web in continuing to operate the respective businesses. We
may be requested to provide further funding to the Administrators and Interim
Judicial Management in order to secure the continued operation of Madge.web
until a buyer is secured for the various parts of the business or its assets.
The decision to advance any additional funding will be based upon the interests
of Madge Networks and its shareholders. We also have funding requirements
(estimated at $2.8 million as of the date of filing of this Form 20-F) for the
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Madge.web entities that are not under any form of insolvency procedure until a
buyer is secured or until alternative actions are taken, such as to seek
protection from creditors of these entities in a process similar to
Chapter 11 proceedings or liquidation.
We believe that our current liquidity levels and committed financial
resources are sufficient to meet the needs of our ongoing operations for at
least twelve months from the date of the filing of this Form 20-F. However, our
belief is based on the following assumptions, some or all of which may not prove
accurate, in which case, we would need to raise money sooner and there would be
substantial uncertainty about our ability to continue as a going concern:
- - that the sale of Madge.web's Trade Voice business will be completed in the
middle of July 2001;
- - that funds provided to the Administrators and Interim Judicial Management
will be returned to us;
- - that we will be able to mitigate substantial liabilities under the
operational guarantees that we made on behalf of Madge, the maximum value
of which we estimate to be approximately $11.8 million for equipment leases
and loans, $6.7 million for leasehold improvements (of which $5.0 million
is held on deposit against leased assets and is restricted cash) and $2.0
million for property leases;
- - that our currently available sources of funding will remain available to
us;
- - that the further cuts in our overhead and headcount we must make over the
next six months, will be sufficient to cause Madge.connect together with
our corporate function to continue to have positive cashflow in 2001;
- - that we will be able to sell the remaining assets of Madge.web and not have
to put further entities into liquidation; and
- - that we will be able to sell some or all of the our Red-M shares at a
reasonable price.
Should further liquidity be required, we would attempt to raise
additional funds through working capital financing and other sources of finance
such as bank credit, or a further sale of our shares in Red-M, though our
ability to sell our shares in Red-M are subject to certain contractual
restrictions that could affect our ability to sell and the price that could be
obtained for our Red-M shares. We may also attempt to raise additional funds
through an equity offering of our shares, but if our common shares are delisted
from the Nasdaq National Market, as we expect them to be, this would be
difficult to do.
If we are unable to sell the Madge.web global Trader Voice business and
some of its other assets, to transfer the liabilities arising from guarantees
entered into by Madge Networks on behalf of Madge.web or to mitigate these
liabilities and are unable to raise additional funds as outlined above, there
would be substantial uncertainty about our ability to continue as a going
concern. Therefore, our independent auditors have modified their unqualified
opinion on our consolidated financial statements to include an explanatory
paragraph related to our ability to continue as a going concern, although the
consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment that result from
the outcome of that uncertainty.
As outlined above, we had cash and cash equivalents from continuing
operations of $18.4 million as at December 31, 2000 and an additional $9.9
million of cash was restricted. Of this restricted cash $4.9 million was held in
the Olicom escrow discussed above, and $5.0 million is held on deposit against
leased assets for the Madge.web data center in New York City. We paid $5.6
million from the Olicom escrow during 2000, $3.6 million related to royalty
payments due on our sales and $2.0 million on Olicom achieving specific
technical support milestones. The remaining $4.9 million held in escrow is a
minimum payment due on current and future Token Ring sales.
Our Madge.connect working capital financing arrangement is for a
maximum of $30 million, secured by accounts receivable generated by U.K. and
U.S. Madge.connect entities. Availability of financing under this facility
depends upon the level of receivables for these entities. The arrangement runs
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for an initial two year period to September 30, 2001 and continues thereafter
until terminated by either party giving three months notice. We currently have
no intention of giving notice to terminate this agreement. The finance company
is able to terminate this agreement immediately if it believes there to have
been a material adverse change in our business. We have no indication from it
that it intends to terminate this arrangement. There was no balance outstanding
under the arrangement as at December 31, 2000. Based on our year end net
receivables position, availability under this facility at December 31, 2000 was
$10.3 million. Based upon estimated, unaudited results, as at March 31, 2001,
availability under this facility was $8.4 million. The amount available to us
under this agreement in the future is dependant upon our receivables and
indirectly upon Madge.connect future revenue.
Net cash provided by operating activities for continuing operations for
the year ended December 31, 2000 was $5.0 million. The net cash inflow was
attributable to the net profit for the period excluding non-cash transactions
(such as depreciation and amortization) of $16.4 million, offset by a $11.4
million net decrease in cash from the change in levels of working capital. Net
cash used in operating activities for discontinued operations for the year ended
December 31, 2000 was $51.3 million. This was due to the net loss for the period
excluding non-cash transactions (such as depreciation, amortization and
impairment) of $58.8 million offset by a net increase in cash from working
capital of $7.5 million.
Net cash used in investing activities for continuing operations for the
year ended December 31, 2000 was $6.0 million, $4.2 million of which related to
purchases of property and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities for
discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2000 was $39.0 million,
of which $37.0 million related to expenditure on the build-out of Madge.web's
infrastructure, including the Content Distribution Network.
Net cash provided by financing activities for continuing operations for
the year ended December 31, 2000 was $56.6 million. Cash inflow was attributable
to the issue of common shares of $35.7 million and $29.7 million received from
Volendam Investeringen N.V. for the issue of shares in Madge Networks N.V. These
cash inflows were offset by outflows on short-term loans of $7.1 million and a
$1.7 million repayment of capital leases. During January and February 2000, we
raised approximately $29.9 million from the sale of common shares through a
public offering of 2,663,900 common shares. We sold these shares for prices
ranging from $10.50 to $13.63, our expenses were approximately $0.7 million and
our net proceeds approximately $29.2 million. A further $30.0 million was raised
by selling 9,411,763 shares in Madge Networks N.V. to Volendam Investeringen
N.V. ("Volendam") a private investment company sponsored by our Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer, Robert Madge, at a price of $3.1875 per share in three
tranches during July, August and September 2000 for net proceeds of $29.7
million.
Net cash provided by financing activities for discontinued operations
for the year ended December 31, 2000 was $34.7 million. This was due mainly to
the issue of Class B Preferred shares of Madge.web N.V. to Volendam of $29.8
million (see below for further details). Proceeds from leases was $6.9 million,
from short term loans was $1.4 million and from long term debt was $2.5 million.
Repayment of leases was $4.4 million and repayment of long term debt was $1.5
million. The net proceeds of $29.8 million raised from the issue of 933,870
Class B Preferred shares in Madge.web NV to Volendam resulted from an option
granted to Madge.web in July 2000 and called in December 2000. In September 2000
Madge.web entered into a loan agreement with Volendam whereby they agreed to
loan Madge.web up to $30.0 million. When the Madge.web N.V. Class B Preferred
Shares were issued to Volendam on January 26, 2001, Volendam effectively waived
the repayment of the principal amount of the loan we had drawn down at the time
($28.0 million) and paid the final $2.0 million due. Volendam were entitled to
offset these terms under the Loan Agreement. Madge.web agreed to pay Volendam
interest on the monies whilst they were outstanding at a margin over LIBOR.
We did not generate cash from operations in either the year ended
December 31, 1999 or December 31, 2000. We have funded our investments in
Madge.web and Red-M through various sources
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of financing including $29.2 million in net proceeds from our public offering,
$29.7 million in net proceeds from the private sale to Volendam of common shares
and $29.8 million from the issue of shares in Madge.web N.V. to Volendam all as
mentioned above. In February 2001, we received $7.0 million (plus $1.2 million
interest) from Celestica, as performance-related consideration from the sale of
our Irish manufacturing plant to Celestica in February 1998. During April 2001,
we successfully secured additional funding for Red-M. We received a total of
$8.6 million from the Red-M Investors in exchange for 2,763,578 shares we held
in Red-M. The Red-M Investors also invested a further $21.3 million directly in
Red-M for the use of Red-M, in exchange for newly issued voting and conditional
voting shares. They also agreed to underwrite a further $5.9 million within 18
weeks of close and to give Red-M an option to call requiring the Red-M Investors
to invest a further $7.5 million between January 2002 and April 2002, subject to
certain conditions being met. With the exception of $8.6 million of funds
received by Madge from the sale of some of the shares it held in Red-M, all
funds secured or available from the Red-M Investors are for the use of Red-M.
On August 10, 2000 we signed an agreement with Inktomi Corporation
whereby they are committed to invest in Madge.web shares, subject to certain
conditions, at the next round of financing, which was expected to be completed
by end of March, 2001. As we failed to secure this financing by the required
deadline this agreement lapsed. However, in March 2001 Inktomi agreed to
purchase $5.0 million worth of shares in Madge Networks N.V. instead. These
shares are to be purchased by Inktomi following the filing of this Annual Report
on Form 20F at the closing price one day after this Annual Report is filed (with
a provision for us to require a resetting of the price if it is less than $1.00,
to the price on the fifth day after the filing of the 20F). This agreement is
subject to there being no "material adverse change" in our business. Inktomi may
argue that the current position regarding Madge.web is a "material adverse
change" in our business and refuse to make the investment.
C. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENCES
For information on our Research and Development spend see the section
headed Research and Development in each of the sections on Madge.connect and
Red-M in Item 4B--Business Overview. For information on our Patents and
Licenses see Intellectual Property section at the end of Item 4B "Business
Overview".
D. TREND INFORMATION
For Madge.connect in the year 2000, revenues and average selling prices
stabilized after the substantial fall in our Token Ring revenues between the
first and second quarters of 2000. In response to this downturn Madge.connect
embarked on a series of cost reduction actions including headcount reduction,
outsourcing of functions and inventory reduction programs. We are continuing to
rationalize the number of products Madge.connect offers and are simplifying our
business model and channel structure.
Madge.web is now treated as a discontinued business and accordingly we
have reflected this in our 2000 financial statements. Going forward we will be
making cuts in our corporate cost base in order to maintain the profitability of
our business now that our corporate function no longer needs to support
Madge.web and the level of support to Red-M is reduced.
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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth the names and positions of our executive
officers and supervisory directors, and such persons' ages as of March 31, 2001:
NAME AGE POSITION
Robert H. Madge 48 Chairman of the Board, Managing Director, Chief Executive
Officer and President of Madge; Chief Executive Officer
of Madge.web.*
Christopher Bradley 40 Chief Financial Officer; Chief Financial Officer of
Madge.web.*
Michael D. Wilson 43 Senior Vice President of Madge Networks*; Chief Executive
Officer of Red-M
Michael D. Fischer 50 Supervisory Director
Alex S. Vieux 43 Supervisory Director
*See below for details of when these individuals ceased to hold these positions.
Robert H. Madge has served as Chairman of the Board, Managing Director,
Chief Executive Officer and President since June 1993. He served as Chief
Executive Officer of Madge.web since its incorporation in November 1999 until
April 27, 2001. Mr. Madge founded Madge Networks Limited in 1986 and was its
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer from inception through June 1993. Prior to
this, he was Technical Director of Intelligent Software, a developer of computer
programs and products and General Manager of Enterprise Computers, a British
manufacturer of personal computers. Mr. Madge has been appointed as Managing
Director by our shareholders (as he has been in previous years) for one year
until the 2002 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
Christopher Bradley joined Madge in September 1996 as Finance Director,
becoming Vice President, Finance in November 1998, Chief Financial Officer in
March 1999 and was also Chief Financial Officer of Madge.web between April 2000
and April 27, 2001. Prior to joining Madge, Mr. Bradley served seven years at
Nortel as Finance Director in the United Kingdom, North America and Asia. Prior
to that time, Mr. Bradley held financial management positions with COMAG, a
subsidiary of Hearst Corporation, Digital Equipment and 3M.
Michael D. Wilson was appointed Chief Executive Officer of
Madge.connect in August 1999 and then became Chief Executive Officer of Red-M
instead in May 2000. Prior to that time Mr. Wilson served as Senior Vice
President, Enterprise Networks Division (comprised primarily of the former Token
Ring Solutions and Video Networking Divisions) from March 1999, Senior Vice
President Token Ring Solutions Division from November 1998 and as Vice President
and General Manager of such division from July 1997. Mr. Wilson previously
served as Vice President, Manufacturing and Logistics from
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January 1994. With effect from April 12, 2001 Mr. Wilson is no longer Senior
Vice President of Madge Networks. Prior to joining Madge in 1994, Mr. Wilson
served as Engineering Software and Service Business Manager for Manufacturing
Systems Portfolio Ltd., a subsidiary of International Computers Limited from May
1993 to January 1994.
Michael D. Fisher served as a director of Madge Networks Limited from
1988 until June 1993, and has served as a supervisory director since June 1993.
Mr. Fischer is a director of RM plc, a U.K. personal computer company that he
co-founded in 1973, and is also the chairman of Alamy.com Limited, a U.K.
company that has a Global Image Exchange for people trading web images. Mr.
Fischer's current three year term as a supervisory director will end with the
2002 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
Alex S. Vieux has served as a supervisory director since the 2000
Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. Mr. Vieux is the founder and chairman of
DASAR Brothers, Inc., a leading source for IT industry information and
interaction in the global market. Mr. Vieux is experienced in all aspects of the
IT sector, having built two successful software companies. He has also taught
Economics at the Universite de Paris-La Sorbonne, worked as a consultant for
Accenture (formerly Andersen Consulting) and was the U.S. business correspondent
for the French daily newspaper Le Monde. He is a director of Check Point
Software and a number of private and public companies. In addition, Mr. Vieux
serves as senior advisor to the French Minister of Industry, Finance and
Economics, and is the chairman of Infotech, the French IT commission. Mr.
Vieux's current three year term as a supervisory director will end with the 2003
Annual General Meeting of Shareholders.
B. COMPENSATION
The following tables set forth certain information concerning
compensation paid or accrued for services rendered to Madge in all capacities
during 2000 by Madge's Chief Executive Officer and the two most highly
compensated current executive officers of Madge or our subsidiaries:
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE FOR 2000
ANNUAL COMPENSATION
-----------------------------------
OTHER
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION(S) SALARY BONUS(1) COMPENSATION(2)
Robert H. Madge
Chairman of the Board, Managing Director,
Chief Executive Officer, President and
Chief Executive Officer, Madge.web(3) $439,000 $ -- $115,591
Michael D. Wilson
Senior Vice President(4) and Chief Executive
Officer of Red-M $242,468 $477,588 $44,051
Christopher Bradley
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Financial Officer $213,078 $239,555 $76,597
of Madge.web(5)
- -------------------------------
(1) Includes all bonuses relating to 2000.
(2) Represents amounts paid or accrued by us for pension plan
contributions, company cars, ESPP benefits and others. See "Pension
Arrangements" below.
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(3) Robert Madge ceased to be Chief Executive Officer of Madge.web with
effect from April 27, 2001.
(4) Michael Wilson ceased to be Senior Vice President of Madge Networks
with effect from April 12, 2001.
(5) Christopher Bradley ceased to be Chief Financial Officer of Madge.web
with effect from April 27, 2001.
The aggregate cash compensation paid or accrued by us for services
rendered during 2000 by all directors and executive officers as a group at
December 31, 2000 consisted of $934,246 in base salary and $717,143 in bonuses.
Included in the $934,246 is $39,700 for compensation for supervisory directors.
Amounts reflected as bonuses were based on personal performance or in the case
of newly-hired executives included amounts paid in connection with initiation of
their employment with us. The table above excludes individuals who may have been
executive officers during 2000 and who were no longer executive officers or who
had left our employment as of December 31, 2000.
OPTION EXERCISES
The following table provides the number of shares covered by both
exercisable and un-exercisable options as of March 31, 2001 of the persons named
in the Summary Compensation Table For 2000 above and the supervisory board
directors. Of those persons named in the table above only Alex Vieux was granted
options in Madge Networks N.V. during 2000. As well as the option information
listed below, Mr. Bradley and Mr. Wilson were both members during 2000 of our
Employee Share Purchase Plan but neither are members as at May 25, 2001.
OPTIONS EXERCISABLE AS AT MARCH 31, 2001
Number of
Unexercised Options
Name Price Exercisable Unexercisable Expiry Date
--------------------------------------------------------
Robert H. Madge $ 4.9375 97,916 2,084 04/28/07
$ 6.2156 612,500 227,500 04/03/08
Total 710,416 229,584
Michael D. Wilson $ 6.3750 13,333 -- 07/10/02
$ 4.0000 33,333 16,667 11/26/04
$ 4.0000 34,375 15,625 06/12/05
$ 4.0000 24,479 521 04/28/04
$ 4.0000 45,833 4,167 07/31/04
$ 4.0000 21,667 -- 08/14/03
$ 4.0000 15,000 -- 02/26/04
Total 188,020 36,980
Chris Bradley $ 4.9375 2,447 53 04/28/04
$ 6.3750 10,000 -- 09/30/03
$ 6.3750 9,166 834 07/31/04
$ 3.9375 7,197 5,142 11/05/05
$ 3.9375 7,386 5,275 11/05/08
$ 3.3750 25,000 50,000 03/16/06
Total 61,196 61,304
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Michael Fisher $27.8750 10,000 -- 06/12/01
$ 3.3750 3,334 6,666 06/23/04
Total 13,334 6,666
Alex Vieux $ 4.7500 -- 25,000 06/29/05
PENSION ARRANGEMENTS
Madge Networks N.V. does not operate a pension plan. Some of our
subsidiaries provide pension contributions to employee plans at defined
contribution rates. Contributions are expensed as they become payable. The
amount of contributions expensed was $124,569 in 2000 ($128,587 in 1999).
Amounts paid in 2000 to personal pension plans for the benefit of each of the
persons named in the Summary Compensation Table For 2000 are included in "Other
Compensation" in such table.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
During 2000, the compensation of our executive officers (excluding
Robert Madge) was determined by Mr. Madge. Mr. Madge's 2000 compensation was
determined by our Supervisory Board, including these supervisory directors
serving on our Compensation Committee. No member of the Compensation Committee
has a relationship that would constitute an interlocking relationship with
executive officers or directors of another entity.
RED-M AND MADGE.WEB N.V. SHARE OPTIONS
The following table details out the share options that each of the
above executive officers were granted during 2000 and hold in Red-M
(Communications) Limited and Madge.web N.V. as of March 31, 2001.
RED-M
Number of
Unexercised Options
Name Price Exercisable Unexercisable Expiry Date
- --------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
Michael D. Wilson $1.00 -- 600,000 05/31/10
MADGE.WEB N.V.
Number of
Unexercised Options
Name Price Exercisable Unexercisable Expiry Date
- --------------------- -----------------------------------------------------
Robert H. Madge $10.00 -- 300,000 04/22/10
Chris Bradley $10.00 -- 80,000 04/22/10
In relation to the options granted in Madge.web N.V. it is unclear what
effect a sale of the Madge.web business will have on this, if a purchaser buys
the legal entities intact, this share scheme may well stay in place.
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C. BOARD PRACTICES
Mr. Bradley has an employment contract with Madge Networks Limited, a
Madge subsidiary company. Mr. Madge has no employment contract. Mr. Bradley's
contract requires that he be given 12 months notice of termination of his
employment by the Company if the termination is without cause. If the Company
decides to exercise this right and terminates his contract, he will be paid in
lieu of notice and will still be paid a pro-rata percentage of any bonuses due
to him as at the date of termination. No other employees (including Mr. Wilson,
who is now employed by Red-M) have a contract containing such a provision.
The Supervisory Board directors have no service agreements with the
Company and no agreement giving them benefits if they cease to be Supervisory
Board members. Our current Supervisory Board members have been appointed by our
shareholders. Mr. Fischer and Mr. Vieux were elected at our 1999 and 2000 Annual
General Meeting of Shareholders, respectively, each to serve for a term of three
years or until the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders in 2002 and 2003,
respectively.
The Company has an Audit Committee and a Compensation Committee, both
of which are made up of the Supervisory Board members, Mr. Fischer and Mr.
Vieux, and both of which have operated throughout 2000. The Audit Committee
meets at least twice a year and has a detailed charter setting out its purposes,
duties, responsibilities and requirements that each member of the Committee must
fulfill. The Compensation Committee decides upon the compensation practices for
the whole group in general and upon Mr. Madge's compensation in particular.
D. EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2000, we had approximately 538 full-time employees
and approximately 62 individuals working on a temporary or contract basis. Since
that date, we have reduced the Madge.web headcount by approximately 200, the
majority of whom were employed in the United Kingdom. The tables below details
the number of employees as at the end of the last three financial years split by
business and by geographic location.
Number of full-time employees by business segment
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
---- ---- ----
Madge.connect 534 418 91
Corporate 116 115 64
Red-M -- -- 74
Madge.web 44 216 309
---- ---- ----
Total 694 749 538
==== ==== ====
The reduction in the number of employees in Madge.connect in 2000 was a
result of the restructuring program and the outsourcing of the technical support
function to Vital in April 2000, the sale of the video networking business to
Initia and the sale of the manufacturing function of the Video Networking
Business to Freedom in September 2000. The reduction of employees in Corporate
is due to central shared services such as human resources and information
support being aligned within the businesses. Red-M was established during 2000.
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The planned sale of Madge.web's global Trader Voice business will
eliminate the remaining Madge.web headcount, with the exception of some
employees based in New York. Any Madge.web employees that do not transfer with
the sale of Madge.web's trader voice are likely to be terminated. As mentioned
above, there are plans to reduce the number of corporate employees to reflect
the revised scale of the on-going operations.
Number of full-time employees by geographic location
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
---- ---- ----
UK 384 456 374
Europe 51 53 46
USA 122 149 92
Asia 137 91 26
---- ---- ----
Total 694 749 538
==== ==== ====
None of our employees are represented by a labor union and we have not
experienced a work stoppage.
E. SHARE OWNERSHIP
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the
beneficial ownership of common shares as of March 31, 2001 of each of our
executive officers and supervisory directors.
Amounts and Nature of Percent
Beneficial Ownership (1) of Class
------------------------ --------
Robert H. Madge (2) 29,323,013 53.40%
Madge Networks N.V.
Schiphol Airport
Polaris Avenue 23
2132 JH Hoofddorp
The Netherlands
Michael D. Wilson (3) 246,220 *
Michael D. Fischer (4) 107,212 *
Christopher Bradley (5) 68,310 *
Alex S. Vieux (6) -- --
Executive Officers and Supervisory
Directors as a group (5 Persons) 29,744,755 53.87%
- ----------------------------
* Less than one percent.
(1) The stock ownership information has been furnished to us by the named
persons. Except as described below, each person has sole voting power and
investment power with respect to the common shares listed in the table.
Percentages in the table are based on 54,167,811 common shares
outstanding as of March 31, 2001, plus such
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number of common shares as the indicated person or group has the right
to purchase pursuant to outstanding options exercisable within 60 days
after such date.
(2) Includes (i) 80,750 shares owned by a registered U.K. charitable trust,
the income and assets of which may only be used for charitable purposes,
established by Mr. Madge who serves as a trustee, and (ii) 28,494,763
shares owned directly or indirectly by trusts established by Mr. Madge
for the direct or indirect benefit of, among others, members of Mr.
Madge's immediate family and for which trusts Mr. Madge does not act as a
trustee (Mr. Madge disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares) and
(iii) 747,500 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of
fully vested options that are currently exercisable or are exercisable
within 60 days after March 31, 2001. Of the 28,494,763 shares listed in
(ii) above, 9,916,763 shares have been issued to Volendam Investeringen
N.V. ("Volendam") and 17,378,000 shares that have been pledged to JP
Morgan H&Q pursuant to a margin loan agreement by Hartland Holdings Ltd.,
the registered holder thereof, in respect of an $8 million loan. Under
that agreement, as revised, events of default allowing foreclosure on the
shares include the failure to pay any installment on the loan due or if
the closing price per common share on the Nasdaq is less than $1.00 per
share, as it has been recently. The Company has been advised by Hartland
Holdings that JP Morgan H&Q has not indicated that it intends to
foreclose on the shares. However, under applicable federal securities
laws, JP Morgan H&Q could currently be deemed a beneficial holder of
those 17,378,000 shares either separately or together with Hartland
Holdings. If JP Morgan H&Q were to foreclose on all of the pledged shares
for that or any other event of default, the number and percentage
ownership of shares would be 11,945,013 and 21.8%, respectively, for Mr.
Madge, and 17,378,000 and 32.1%, respectively, for JP Morgan H&Q.
Volendam also owns 933,870 Class B Preferred shares in Madge.web N.V.Mr.
Madge is Chairman of the Board, Managing Director, President and Chief
Executive Officer of Madge. He was also Chief Executive Officer of
Madge.web until April 27, 2001. Volendam also owns 933,870 Class B
Preferred shares in Madge.web N.V.
(3) Includes 218,750 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of
fully vested options that are currently exercisable or are exercisable
within 60 days after March 31, 2001. Mr. Wilson is Chief Executive
Officer of Red-M and was also Senior Vice President of Madge Networks
until April 12, 2001
(4) Includes 13,334 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of
fully vested options that are currently exercisable or are exercisable
within 60 days after March 31, 2001. Mr. Fischer is a supervisory
director of Madge.
(5) Includes 64,791 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of
fully vested options that are currently exercisable or are exercisable
within 60 days after March 31, 2001. Mr. Bradley is Chief Financial
Officer of Madge and was Chief Financial Officer of Madge.web between
April 2000 and April 27, 2001.
(6) Alex Vieux does not have any stock options that have vested. He was
granted 25,000 stock options upon his appointment in June 2000 which will
start to vest in June 2001. Mr. Vieux is a supervisory director of Madge.
At March 31, 2001 the persons named in this Item 6E as a group (5
persons) held options to acquire 972,966 common shares.
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the
beneficial ownership of common shares as of March 31, 2001 by each person who is
known to beneficially own more than 5% of our outstanding common shares.
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Amounts and Nature of Percent
Beneficial Ownership (1) of Class
Robert H. Madge (2) 29,323,013 53.40%
Madge Networks N.V.
Schiphol Airport
Polaris Avenue 23
2132 JH
Hoofddorp
The Netherlands
Total 29,323,013 53.40%
(1) Percentages in the table are based on 54,167,811 common shares
outstanding as of March 31, 2001.
(2) Includes (i) 80,750 shares owned by a registered U.K. charitable trust,
the income and assets of which may only be used for charitable purposes,
established by Mr. Madge who serves as a trustee, and (ii) 28,494,763
shares owned directly or indirectly by trusts established by Mr. Madge
for the direct or indirect benefit of, among others, members of Mr.
Madge's immediate family and for which trusts Mr. Madge does not act as a
trustee (Mr. Madge disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares) and
(iii) 747,500 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of
fully vested options that are currently exercisable or are exercisable
within 60 days after March 31, 2001. Of the 28,494,763 shares listed in
(ii) above, 9,916,763 shares have been issued to Volendam Investeringen
N.V. ("Volendam") and 17,378,000 shares that have been pledged to JP
Morgan H&Q pursuant to a margin loan agreement by Hartland Holdings Ltd.,
the registered holder thereof, in respect of an $8 million loan. Under
that agreement, as revised, events of default allowing foreclosure on the
shares include the failure to pay any installment on the loan when due or
if the closing price per common share on the Nasdaq is less than $1.00
per share, as it has been recently. The Company has been advised by
Hartland Holdings that JP Morgan H&Q has not indicated that it intends to
foreclose on the shares. However, under applicable federal securities
laws, JP Morgan H&Q could currently be deemed a beneficial holder of
those 17,378,000 shares either separately or together with Hartland
Holdings. If JP Morgan H&Q were to foreclose on all of the pledged shares
for that or any other event of default, the number and percentage
ownership of shares would be 11,945,013 and 21.8%, respectively, for Mr.
Madge, and 17,378,000 and 32.1%, respectively, for JP Morgan H&Q.
Volendam also owns 933,870 Class B Preferred shares in Madge.web N.V.
On March 31, 2001 there were approximately 423 holders of record of our
common shares. Of these holders of record, approximately 250 (holding
approximately 48.03% of our common shares) were listed on our share register
with addresses in the United States.To our knowledge, other than as shown above,
no company, foreign government or individual owns or controls, Madge Networks,
either directly or indirectly.
B. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On July 26, 2000 we entered into two agreements with Volendam
Investeringen N.V., a private investment company sponsored by our Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer, Robert Madge ("Volendam"). Under one agreement,
Volendam invested $30 million in the common shares of Madge Networks N.V. at a
price of $3.1875 per share (the open market closing price on July 26, 2000) in
three tranches between July 28, 2000 and September 27, 2000. The net proceeds we
received from this transaction were $29.7 million. Under the second agreement,
Volendam agreed to invest a further $30 million in the equity of Madge.web N.V.
The latter was exercisable through November and December 2000 at our option and
the option was exercised by us on December 21, 2000. Volendam was deemed to
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have acquired 933,870 Class B Preferred Shares in Madge.web N.V. on December 31,
2000 although, due to a delay in amending the articles of Madge.web N.V. to
reflect the new share structure, the shares were not actually issued until
January 26, 2001. On September 26, 2000 Volendam agreed to loan Madge.web up to
$30 million (the "Loan Agreement"). When the Madge.web N.V. Class B Preferred
Shares were issued to Volendam on January 26, 2001, Volendam effectively waived
the repayment of the principal amount of the loan we had drawn down as at
December 31, 2000 ($28.0 million) and paid us the final $2.0 million due.
Volendam were entitled to offset these sums under the Loan Agreement.
In any liquidation of Madge.web N.V., Volendam, as a holder of
Preferred Class B shares, would receive the liquidation preference of the shares
prior to any payment to Madge Networks in its capacity as the common
shareholder. However, it is unlikely that any equity holder will receive payment
on account of its equity interest in Madge.web. Madge Networks may receive
payments on any intercompany debts owed to it by Madge.web N.V. before any
payments are made in respect of the liquidation preference of any of the
Preferred Class B shares.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our
executive officers and directors. In general, these agreements require us to
indemnify such persons against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements and other
amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding,
whether actual or threatened, to which any such person may be made a party by
reason of the fact that such person is, or was, a director or an executive
officer of Madge or any of our affiliated enterprises. In the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission, indemnification against violations of the
Securities Act is against public policy.
We believe that all related party transactions described above were on
terms no less favorable than would be obtained from unrelated third parties. Any
future transactions between Madge and our officers, directors and affiliates
will be on terms no less favorable to us than can be obtained from unaffiliated
third parties, and any material transactions with such persons will be approved
by a majority of our disinterested directors.
C. INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL
NOT APPLICABLE.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
See Item 18.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In August 1996, a class action lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District
Court for the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, naming Madge,
Madge Networks, Inc. and certain of our former and current executive officers as
defendants. The complaint alleged that the defendants misrepresented or failed
to disclose material facts about our operations, anticipated financial results
and the anticipated
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success of our products, in violation of the U.S. federal securities laws. The
suit was brought by two individuals, purportedly as representatives of a class
of purchasers of our stock during the period from October 12, 1995 to June 13,
1996. In November 1996 and August 1997, the plaintiffs filed amended complaints,
each of which the Court dismissed without prejudice. On February 6, 1998, the
plaintiffs filed another amended complaint. On April 3, 1998, we and the
individual defendants moved to dismiss that complaint. A hearing on that motion
was held on July 17, 1998. Before the Court ruled on that motion to dismiss,
plaintiffs sought permission from the Court to file another amended complaint.
The Court granted plaintiffs' request and on February 4, 2000 the plaintiffs
filed a fifth amended complaint. On March 3, 2000, we moved to dismiss the most
recent complaint. By Order dated May 25, 2000, the Court granted our motion. On
May 31, 2000, the Court entered judgment for us and the other defendants. The
plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal from this ruling. The plaintiffs filed their
opening appellate brief on November 14, 2000. We filed our opposition appellate
brief on January 26, 2001. The plaintiffs filed their reply brief on March 27,
2001. The Court of Appeals has not yet announced a date for its hearing of the
appeal. We believe the allegations in the complaints to be without merit and
intend to continue to defend the trial court's dismissal of the claims
vigorously.
In September 2000, Terastor, Inc. filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court
of California for the County of Santa Clara against our California subsidiary,
Madge Networks, Inc., Terastor was formerly a subtenant of Madge Networks, Inc.,
in premises located in San Jose, California. In May 2000, Terastor's subleased
premises were recaptured by the head landlord, and Terastor was required
tovacate the premises, as a result of Madge Networks' proposed sublease of
another portion of the premises covered by the lease. Terastor claims that Madge
Networks' actions constituted a breach of the sublease. Terastor claims damages
in the amount of $3.5 million, which it calculates as the amount it would have
been able to realize from a hypothetical sub-sublease of its premises to some
third party for the remainder of the term. Madge Networks, Inc., has answered
the complaint and is vigorously defending the matter. Discovery is in its early
stages, and no trial date has been set. The matter has been routinely ordered to
non-binding arbitration, which is likely to occur within four months. If the
matter does not resolve through the non-binding arbitration procedure, it will
be set for trial. Based upon investigation to date, we are confident that the
claim is unfounded and that, in the event of an adverse ruling on liability, the
damages alleged are excessive.
In addition, from time to time, we and our subsidiaries are involved in
disputes relating to claims arising out of our operations in the normal course
of business, which disputes may increase as a result of the financial
difficulties and possible liquidation of Madge.web. Among other things, such
claims may relate to allegations of patent infringement, employment-related
claims, product warranty claims and service claims. If the judgment in the class
action litigation described above were to be successfully appealed by the
plaintiffs or the Terastor claim mentioned above was decided against us and
awarded significant damage relief, our results of operations and financial
position would be materially adversely affected.
DIVIDEND POLICY
Under our Articles of Association, the Management Board may set aside
as reserves a part or all of our annual profits. The amount reserved is not
available for the payment of dividends. Our General Meeting of Shareholders is
entitled to pay dividends to all shareholders in accordance with their
preference (as described under Item 10B), out of the profits that have not been
set aside as a reserve by the Management Board. However, we may not pay
dividends out of such profits if the payment would reduce shareholders' equity
below the aggregate nominal value of our issued share capital plus reserves
required to be maintained by law. Our General Meeting of Shareholders may, upon
proposal of the Board, declare interim dividends out of earnings. In addition,
the General Meeting of Shareholders may, upon proposal
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of the Board, make distributions out of reserves that we are not required to
maintain by law and make distributions in kind.
We have not to date paid any dividends on our shares of capital stock.
We intend to retain future earnings for funding growth and therefore we do not
anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
MADGE.WEB GROUP
In April 2001, having spent over 16 months trying to secure additional
funding for Madge.web, the Board of Madge Networks decided to withdraw
operational funding for Madge.web if a purchaser for the group could not be
secured as to continue to fund Madge.web was not in the best interests of Madge
Networks and its shareholders. For further details of administrations and
liquidation proceedings we have undertaken on a number of the Madge.web legal
entities and the progress of the sale of Madge.web, see Item 4A "History and
Development".
RED-M INVESTMENT
On April 12, 2001 we successfully secured additional funding for Red-M
from Apax Partners and Amadeus Capital Partners (the "Red-M Investors"). For
further details see Item 4A "History and Development".
ITEM 9A 1-3 & 5-7. THE OFFER AND LISTING
NOT APPLICABLE.
B. PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
NOT APPLICABLE.
A4 AND C SHARE PRICE AND MARKET
Our common shares are listed under the symbol "MADGF" on the Nasdaq
National Market. Our common shares are not listed on any other exchange. The
price range of our common shares for the periods indicated, as reported on the
Nasdaq National Market, is as follows:
High Low
-------- -------
1996 $ 46.625 $ 8.125
- ----
1997 16.125 3.750
- ----
1998 7.750 1.750
- ----
1999
- ----
First Quarter $ 4.500 $ 2.500
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Second Quarter 4.000 2.250
Third Quarter 3.563 2.000
Fourth Quarter 10.250 1.438
2000
- ----
First Quarter $17.375 $6.438
Second Quarter 8.625 2.813
July 5.250 2.875
August 3.938 2.750
September 5.000 3.438
October 4.500 2.500
November 3.000 1.375
December 1.906 1.125
2001
- ----
First Quarter $3.750 $1.031
Second Quarter $1.350 $0.500
D. SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
NOT APPLICABLE.
E. DILUTION
NOT APPLICABLE.
F. EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE
NOT APPLICABLE.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. SHARE CAPITAL
NOT APPLICABLE.
B. MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
Madge Networks N.V. is incorporated in The Netherlands and registered
at the commercial register of the Chamber of Commerce and Industries for
Amsterdam under file number 34087207. The most current version of the Articles
of Association of the Company was approved by the 2000 Annual General Meeting of
shareholders held in June 2000 and are filed in The Netherlands and with the
NASDAQ as amended as of September 11, 2000.
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Article 3 sets out the objects and purposes of the Company, which are
very broad. As well as some specific objects and purposes there is a catch all
clause allowing the Company to "perform any and all activities of industrial,
financial or commercial nature".
We have two boards, the Supervisory Board made up of one or more
(currently two) independent directors and the Management Board, of which Robert
Madge is the sole member. In our Articles and in this Annual Report there are
references to the "Board", which is a combination of the Supervisory Board and
the Management Board and of which Robert Madge has been elected Chairman. Our
management is entrusted to the Management Board under supervision of the
Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board advises the Management Board and is
responsible for supervising the policies issued by the Management Board and the
general course of our affairs and business. The Supervisory Board must consist
of non-affiliated members, meaning persons who are not party to any financial,
business or other relationship that would interfere with the exercise of
independent judgment. The Supervisory Board has established audit and
compensation committees.
The Articles contain a provision restricting a Management Board
member's power to represent the company on a matter in which he is interested,
which would include a Management Board member voting compensation to himself. In
the event of such a conflict the Company shall be represented by such member of
the Board as the Board shall designate for this purpose. The General Meeting of
Shareholders is at all times competent to designate one or more other persons
for this purpose. If the General Meeting has so designated a person, this will
prevail.
Under the Articles, a Supervisory Board member must retire when he
reaches the age of 72 or a later date, if Dutch Law is amended in this regard.
Each Supervisory Board member is appointed by the Annual General Meeting of
Shareholders or the Supervisory Board itself for a term of approximately three
years on a rotation basis (unless he resigns earlier). Under Dutch law a body,
other than the shareholders, can only appoint up to one third of the Supervisory
Board members. Our shareholders also appoint members to the Management Board.
The General Meeting of Shareholders may vote to remove Supervisory Board members
appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders; only the Supervisory Board may
vote to remove Supervisory Board members elected by the Supervisory Board. There
is no requirement that the members of the Management Board or Supervisory Board
hold shares in the Company in order to sit on the respective Boards but all
current members hold shares in Madge Networks N.V. and/or options to acquire
shares in Madge Networks N.V. or its subsidiary companies.
The Company has common shares, Preferred A shares and Preferred B
shares. None of the preferred shares are currently issued and it is unlikely
that either of those classes will ever be issued. All three classes of stock
have the same rights and restrictions attached to them, however in the event of
a liquidation or the payment of a dividend, holders of Preferred A shares and
Preferred B shares would take precedence over holders of common shares. The
Articles do not provide for "blank check" preferred shares.
Under the Articles, only the General Meeting of Shareholders can issue
shares, except where this authority has been delegated to another body of the
company. Our Shareholders have delegated this authority to the Management Board.
Each holder of common shares has a right of pre-emption in the proportion to the
aggregate nominal value of his common shares over any new common shares issued,
however this right can be precluded or limited by the Shareholders, except where
this right has been delegated to another body of the Company. Our Shareholders
have delegated this authority to the Management Board. Pre-emption rights also
exist on any preferred shares we issue, in that pre-emptive rights are given
over any future preferred shares issued.
Under our Articles of Association, the Board may set aside as reserves
a part or all of our annual profits. The amount reserved is not available for
the payment of dividends. Our General Meeting of Shareholders is entitled to pay
dividends to all shareholders in accordance with their preference as
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described above, out of the profits that have not been set aside as a reserve by
the Board. However, we may not pay dividends out of such profits if the payment
would reduce shareholders' equity below the aggregate nominal value of our
issued share capital plus reserves required to be maintained by law. Our Board
may declare interim dividends out of earnings. In addition, the General Meeting
of Shareholders may, upon proposal of the Board, make distributions out of
reserves that we are not required to maintain by law and make distributions in
kind.
We have not to date paid any dividends on our shares of capital stock.
We intend to retain future earnings for funding growth and therefore we do not
anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
In order to change the rights of the shareholders, the Articles would
require amendment, which would need the consent of the Board and of the majority
of the holders of the stock. The provisions of our Articles do impose a
requirement that is stricter than Dutch law as the Articles require that all
resolutions of shareholders may only be adopted if a quorum of at least thirty
three and one third (33 1/3%) of the outstanding shares entitled to vote are
represented in person or by proxy at the meeting.
The Annual General Meeting of the Shareholders must be held not later
than June 30 of each year. Other General Meetings of Shareholders can be held as
often as the Board deems necessary, on 15 days notice to all shareholders sent
to the address of the shareholder as shown in the register of shareholders.
Shareholders who hold at least 10% of the voting rights attached to the issued
capital may request the Board to convene a general meeting of shareholders and
request that certain things be discussed. The Board has four weeks to convene
the meeting, to be held within six weeks of the original request, to discuss the
items raised by these shareholders and if they do not, the shareholders can
themselves convene a meeting. Resolutions may only be adopted if, as mentioned
above, 33 1/3% of the outstanding shares entitled to vote are represented in
person or by proxy at the meeting. There are no laws currently in effect in the
Netherlands or the United States or provisions in the Articles of Association
limiting the rights of non-resident or foreign investors to hold or vote our
shares.
There are no provisions of the Articles that would have the effect of
delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company nor that
would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate
restructuring involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
There is no provision in our Articles that require disclosure of
ownership of shares above a certain threshold.
Our Articles prescribe conditions whereby we can change our capital
structure. We may acquire shares in our own share capital for consideration, if:
- the General Meeting of Shareholders has given the Management Board
authorization to do so, in which case, the authorization is valid for
no more than 18 months and must specify the number of shares that may
be acquired and the permitted price range;
- the repurchase will not result in our shareholders' equity according
to our Netherlands GAAP financial statements being less than the
aggregate nominal value of all of our issued shares plus any reserves
we are required to maintain by law and our Articles of Association;
and
- the nominal value of the shares that we and our subsidiaries will hold
as a result of the repurchase does not exceed 10% of the nominal value
of all issued shares.
There is no restriction on our ability to acquire shares for no
consideration and this is not restricted by Dutch Law.
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The Dutch government has elected to adopt the euro as its currency and
as a result the Dutch guilder will cease to exist from January 2002.
Accordingly, our nominal share capital, which is currently one Dutch guilder per
share will be automatically converted to 45 Eurocents (or 0.45 Euro).
C. MATERIAL CONTRACTS
The following is a description of contracts that have been entered into
by us and/or our subsidiaries since June 30, 1999, that were not entered into in
the ordinary course of business and that are or may be material to our business:
MADGE.CONNECT BUSINESS
(a) A three year Patent License Agreement on July 1, 1999, whereby we agreed to
license from IBM a number of their patents and they, in turn, licensed from us a
number of Madge.connect patents.
(b) Several agreements dated August 31, 1999 with Olicom A/S whereby we
purchased their intellectual property and the rights to manufacture, sell and
develop Olicom's Token Ring product portfolio. See Item 5 for further details.
(c) On October 1, 1999, we entered into a Receivables Financing Agreement with
GE Capital Commercial Finance Limited whereby they agreed to lend us up to $30
million over a two year period, secured by the accounts receivables generated by
U.K. and U.S. Madge.connect entities.
(d) On December 21, 1999 we entered into an Addendum to the Madge/Celestica
contracts whereby we agreed with Celestica, our main Token Ring subcontract
manufacturer, that we would bring forward payment of the recovery payments we
had to make to them under the Manufacturing and Supply Agreement we have with
them, in return for deleting all references in our Manufacturing and Supply
Agreement to minimum revenues being achieved before we would receive the $7.0
million performance-related consideration held in escrow. We have now received
this performance-related consideration plus interest. For further details see
Item 18, Note 8 to the financial statements "Other Receivable".
(e) A Master Agreement with Vital Network Services LLC ("Vital") on April 12,
2000, whereby we outsourced our Madge.connect technical support and training
function to Vital. In consideration of Vital providing technical support and
consultancy services to Madge and assuming the liabilities for the majority of
our employees in these groups, we agreed to pay Vital $5.0 million over a three
year period, a proportion of which is returnable if Vital do not perform. We
receive a proportion of service revenue Vital receives from our customers until
2003.
(f) Several agreements with Initia, Inc. (formerly YorkTel Acquisition
Corporation) on September 29, 2000, whereby we sold our video networking
business (apart from the manufacturing function) to them for a cash payment of
approximately $300,000 on close and future consideration of $1.0 million based
on quarterly pre-tax profit generated by the business, together with payment for
inventory consumed. Initia also assumed the liabilities of our employees in this
group.
(g) An agreement with Freedom Vertical Technologies, Inc. ("Freedom") on
September 29, 2000, whereby we transferred the manufacturing function of our
Video Networking Business to them in return for $11,000 and assumption by
Freedom of our liabilities for our employees in this group.
CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS
(a) On January 19, 2000, we filed a Registration Statement on Form F-3 with the
Securities and Exchange Commission that allowed us to offer and sell various
types of securities including, but not
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limited to, common shares and debt securities, up to a total of $30 million. On
February 8, 2000, we entered into a Placement Agency agreement with Chase H&Q
under which Chase H&Q was paid aggregate commissions of 2.5% of the gross
proceeds we received from the F-3 placement. We completed the issuance of shares
by March 1, 2000 and issued a total of 2,633,900 common shares with an aggregate
value of $29.9 million being issued and sold pursuant to such registration
statement.
(b) A Share Purchase Agreement on July 26, 2000, with Volendam, under which they
agreed to invest $30 million Madge Networks N.V. shares at a price of $3.1875
per share. The shares were acquired in July, August and September 2000.
(c) On April 27, 2001 a Funding Agreement with the Administrator appointed in
respect of Madge.web Limited. Under this agreement, Madge Networks N.V. agreed
to provide a maximum of $6.0 million of funding for Madge.web Limited to be
continued to be operated as a going concern by the Administrators to increase
the chances of a purchaser for the Madge.web group being secured.
(d) On May 14, 2001 Madge Networks sent a letter to PricewaterhouseCoopers
providing a commitment to fund SG$500,000 in respect of the Interim Judicial
Management order granted in respect of Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd in Singapore.
(e) On June 8, 2001 Madge Networks together with a number Madge.web entities
entered into a letter of intent to sell Madge.web's global Trader Voice business
to a third party. A definitive agreement is being negotiated and it is hoped
this can be finalised by the middle of July 2001.
RED-M BUSINESS
(a) An agreement with Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc. (Toshiba) on
November 9, 2000 whereby Toshiba agreed to purchase Red-M's 1000AP (Access
Point) products for resale world-wide in conjunction with Red-M's 300TS
(Bluetooth Networking) software and Toshiba's "All-In-One Server Appliance".
(b) A Letter of Intent dated March 12, 2001 between Computer Associates
International Inc. and Red-M whereby the parties shall work together to
integrate Computer Associates technology with Red-M's products and to jointly
market the resulting solutions.
(c) On April 12, 2001, an Investment Agreement with Apax Partners and Amadeus
Capital Partners whereby they acquired $8.6 million worth of shares in Red-M
(Communications) Limited from Madge and to invest a further $21.3 million
immediately in Red-M shares with a further $5.9 million guaranteed 18 weeks from
close and a $7.5 million option that Red-M can exercise between January 2002 and
April 2002, subject to certain conditions being met.
(d) A Purchase, Resale and Strategic Relationship Agreement dated June 18, 2001
between Motorola, Inc. (acting through its Internet Software and Content Group)
and Red-M, whereby Motorola shall purchase the Red-M 3000AS and 1000AP for
onward sale with Motorola products to its customers. The parties shall also
co-operate in relation to various joint market and product development and
marketing activities.
MADGE.WEB BUSINESS
(a) Agreements with Engage Technologies dated April 30, 1999 and May 4, 1999
whereby we obtained exclusive rights to operate the Engage Adbureau advertising
service in Europe and established a hosting service for Engage. The payment flow
between the parties under these agreements is based upon a share of the revenue
each of us take from our customers.
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(b) On December 9, 1999, we entered into a five year Turnkey and Consultancy
Services Agreement with RealNetworks for a Broadcast Operations Center and a
Pan-European network. This allowed us to extend Real Broadcast Network (RBN)
services to Europe by creating the Madge Broadcast Network (MBN). Under this
agreement, we purchased software licenses, upgrades, support and consultancy
services and the parties agreed to a revenue sharing formula.
(c) On July 26, 2000, we entered into a Subscription Agreement under which
Volendam agreed to invest $30 million in Class B Preferred shares in Madge.web
N.V.at a pre-money valuation of $400 million, exercisable at Madge.web N.V.'s
option. In December 2000, we called the option and in January 2001, Volendam
were issued 933,870 Class B Preferred shares in Madge.web N.V. at a price of
$32.12 per share. Further details of this appear in Item 7B "Related Party
Transactions".
(d) On September 26, 2000, a Loan Agreement was entered into with Volendam,
whereby they agreed to loan up to $30 million to Madge.web. Under this Loan
Agreement the debt was waived if Madge.web called in the option it had to
require Volendam to purchase the shares (under the Subscription Agreement- see
(c) above). Madge.web paid Volendam interest on the loan monies while they were
outstanding at LIBOR plus 1.5%. Further details of this appear in Item 7B
"Related Party Transactions".
(e) A strategic technology and marketing alliance with Inktomi Corporation was
entered into on August 9, 2000. We licensed Inktomi's software, enabling us to
enhance our Overnet with content distribution services for the
business-to-business market. Further details of this appear in Item 4B
"Madge.web - Strategic Alliances" section.
(f) A further agreement on August 9, 2000 was made with Inktomi whereby they
agreed to invest up to $5 million in shares of Madge.web N.V., subject to
certain conditions. This agreement expired at the end of March 2001 and was
effectively replaced by the agreement in (k) below.
(g) An Alliance Agreement with Magnifi, Inc entered into on September 21, 2000
whereby we licensed software from them to allow us to provide businesses with
premium service rich content management solutions to support the creation and
management of their marketing content assets, such as branding, advertising and
marketing campaigns. Under this agreement with Magnifi there is a revenue
sharing arrangement. For further details see also Item 4B "Business Overview,
Madge.web - Strategic Alliances" section.
(h) A Share Purchase Agreement and related agreements dated September 21, 2000
whereby we acquired $2.0 million worth of Series E Preferred Stock in Magnifi,
Inc. on October 20, 2000.
(i) Various lease finance facilities with Hewlett Packard International Bank
Limited, whereby Hewlett Packard agreed to lease us Hewlett Packard equipment
needed to expand Madge.web's Overnet. These leases are guaranteed by Madge
Networks N.V. in a guarantee dated October 14, 1999.
(j) Loan facility from Hewlett Packard International Bank Limited date November
17, 2000 whereby Hewlett Packard agreed to loan Madge.web monies to partly cover
the purchase by Madge.web of the Inktomi software. As part of this loan facility
we agreed to give Hewlett Packard warrants to acquire 0.75% of the current
issued share capital (as at January 31, 2000) in Madge.web N.V. at $32.12 per
share.
(k) A Share Purchase and Registration Rights Agreement both dated March 28, 2001
with Inktomi under which they agreed to purchase $5.0 million worth of shares in
Madge Networks N.V. at the closing price of the shares on the first business day
after the day we file this Annual Report on Form 20F. Further details of this
appear in Item 4B "Business Overview, Madge.web - Strategic Alliances" section.
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D. EXCHANGE CONTROLS
Currently there are no exchange control limitations in The Netherlands
affecting payments by us to non-residents of the Netherlands with regard to the
remittance of dividends, or any other payments to or from non-resident holders
of our common shares. There are withholding tax requirements; see below
"Taxation". Currently there are no limitations on the right of non-resident or
foreign owners to hold or vote our common shares imposed by Dutch law or by our
Articles of Association.
E. TAXATION
The following discussion is a summary of certain Dutch tax and U.S.
federal income tax consequences to a holder of common shares. The discussion
does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in
the common shares. In particular, the discussion does not address the tax
consequences under state, local and other (e.g. non-U.S., non-Dutch) tax laws.
Accordingly, each holder of common shares is advised to consult his or her own
tax advisor to determine the U.S. federal income tax and Dutch tax consequences
arising out of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the shares. The
descriptions of the Dutch tax laws and U.S. federal income tax laws and
practices set forth below are based on the statutes, treaties, regulations,
rulings, judicial decisions and other authorities in force and applied in
practice on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change (possibly with
retroactive effect) and differing interpretations.
DUTCH TAXATION
All shareholders are advised to seek personal advice considering their
individual tax situation. The following is a summary of material Dutch tax
consequences to an owner of common shares who is not, or is not deemed to be, a
resident of The Netherlands for purposes of the relevant tax codes (a
"non-resident Shareholder"). The summary does not address taxes imposed by The
Netherlands and its political subdivisions, other than the dividend withholding
tax, individual income tax, corporate income tax, net wealth tax, and gift and
inheritance tax.
As of January 1, 2001, the previous Income Tax Act 1964 has been
abolished and replaced by an entirely new Act, the Income Tax Act 2001 ("Wet
inkomstenbelasting 2001"). Under this new Act, taxable income is divided into a
number of boxes, each with its own rules and its own rate. There will be three
boxes:
- - Box I for taxable income from employment and home ownership;
- - Box II for taxable income from a substantial business interest;
- - Box III for taxable income from savings and investments.
DUTCH WITHHOLDING TAX ON DIVIDENDS
We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. To the
extent that dividends are distributed by us, such dividends would be subject
under Dutch tax law to withholding tax at a rate of generally 25%. Dividends
comprise, for example, cash and non-cash distributions, undisclosed profit
distributions and revenue from liquidation proceeds in excess of, for Dutch tax
purposes, recognized paid-in capital. Stock dividends are also subject to
withholding tax unless distributed out of our paid-in share premium as
recognized for Dutch tax purposes. The repayment of nominal share capital may
also count as dividends under certain circumstances.
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No withholding tax applies on the sale or disposition of common shares
to persons other than us and our affiliates.
A non-resident shareholder can be eligible for a reduction or a refund
of Dutch dividend withholding tax under a tax convention, which is in effect
between the country of residence of the shareholder and The Netherlands,
provided that certain conditions are met. The Netherlands has concluded such
conventions with, among others, the United States, most European Community
countries, Canada, Switzerland and Japan. Under most of these conventions, Dutch
dividend withholding tax is reduced to a rate of 15% or less.
Under the Tax Convention between the United States and The Netherlands,
dividends paid by us to an individual shareholder resident in the United States
or a corporate shareholder organized under the laws of the United States or any
State or territory thereof (each a "U.S. Shareholder") are generally eligible
for a reduced 15% rate of withholding tax unless such U.S. Shareholder has a
permanent establishment in The Netherlands with which the common shares are
effectively connected. The dividend withholding tax rate is reduced to 5% in the
case of certain U.S. corporate shareholders owning at least 10% of the voting
power of the company paying the dividend. The Tax Convention provides for a
complete exemption for dividends received by exempt pension trusts and exempt
organizations, as defined therein.
DUTCH INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX AND CORPORATE INCOME TAX
In general, a shareholder not resident nor deemed to be resident in The
Netherlands will not be subject to Dutch individual income tax or corporate
income tax with respect to dividends distributed by us on the common shares or
with respect to capital gains derived from the sale or disposal of common
shares, provided that:
1. the non-resident shareholder does not carry on a business in The
Netherlands through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative
or a fixed place to which or to whom the common shares are attributable;
and
2. the non-resident shareholder does not have, directly or indirectly, a
substantial interest (aanmerkelijk belang) or a deemed substantial interest
(fictief aanmerkelijk belang) in Madge or, in the event that the
non-resident Shareholder has such an interest, it is attributable to an
enterprise carried on by him or for his account according to Dutch tax
principles.
A non-resident shareholder generally has a substantial interest in our
share capital if he, solely or with his spouse or with certain persons sharing
his residence (for example, a non-married partner), directly or indirectly:
1. owns shares, or holds other rights, amounting to 5% or more of the total
issued share capital (or 5% or more of the issued shares in a class of
ordinary shares); or
2. holds rights to acquire shares that have or have not yet been issued
amounting to 5% or more of the total issued share capital (or of the issued
share capital of a class of shares); or
3. holds rights to share in our profit or share in our liquidation revenue
amounting to 5% or more of annual profits or of our liquidation revenue.
A deemed substantial interest exists, for example, when the
non-resident shareholder does not hold any substantial interest as described
above but a participation of this type is held by a direct relative (for
example, children) or by a direct relative of his spouse, or when the
non-resident shareholder has had a (deemed) substantial interest at a time
during the last 10 years.
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The above description does not include all cases in which a deemed
substantial interest can occur. In case of doubt, shareholders should seek the
advice of their tax advisers.
If the non-resident shareholder has a (deemed) substantial interest in
Madge in accordance with the above-mentioned regulations, up to December 31,
2000 the taxes on a substantial interest is, in principle, taxed at a tax rate
of 25%. As of January 1, 2001 this type of income falls under Box II and will be
taxed against at a flat rate of 25% for natural persons and 35% for enterprises.
As a general rule, under a tax convention which is in effect between
the country of residence of the non-resident shareholder and The Netherlands,
such non-resident shareholder may benefit from treaty protection against Dutch
income tax under the "substantial interest" regulations on any gains from the
alienation of shares, depending on the contents of the specific tax convention
and provided that certain conditions are met.
BOX III INCOME
The net wealth tax ("vermogensbelasting") has been abolished as of
January 1, 2001. Savings and Investments income will be taxed using a deemed
return ("forfaitaire vermogensrendementsheffing") at 1.2%. However, a
shareholder not resident in The Netherlands who is an individual is not subject
to Box III taxation with respect to the common shares, provided the non-resident
shareholder does not carry on a business in The Netherlands through a permanent
establishment or a permanent representative to which or to whom the common
shares are attributable.
DUTCH GIFT AND INHERITANCE TAX
A gift or inheritance of common shares from a non-resident shareholder
will not be subject to Dutch gift and inheritance tax, provided that the
shareholder does not own a business which is in whole or in part, carried on
through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative in The
Netherlands to which or to whom the shares are attributable.
For the purposes of Dutch gift or inheritance tax, an individual of
Dutch nationality is deemed to be a resident of The Netherlands if he has been a
resident of The Netherlands at any time during the ten years preceding the time
of the gift or death. For the purposes of Dutch gift tax any person, regardless
of nationality, is deemed to be a resident of The Netherlands if he/it has
resided therein at any time in the 12 months preceding the time of the gift. Any
gift made by an individual within 180 days of the death of this individual while
being resident or deemed resident in The Netherlands will be covered by the
provisions of inheritance tax.
UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX
This summary of principal United States federal income tax consequences
of an investment in common shares does not discuss all of the tax consequences
that may be relevant to a particular investor, a "U.S. Person" (defined below)
who is not a "U.S. Holder" (defined below) or to certain investors subject to
special treatment under U.S. tax laws, such as banks, insurance companies,
dealers and tax-exempt entities, and persons for whom the U.S. dollar is not
their functional currency.
This discussion is limited to those investors who are "U.S. Persons"
that hold common shares worth less than 10 percent of the value of Madge (a
"U.S. Holder"). For these purposes, a "U.S. Person" means: (i) an individual
citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation, partnership or
other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or
any political subdivision thereof, (iii) an estate the income of which is
subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source or (iv)
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a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary
supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons
have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
TAXATION OF DIVIDENDS
Distributions (whether in cash or stock), to the extent paid out of the
current or accumulated earnings and profits of Madge, as determined under U.S.
tax accounting principles, will be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income
tax purposes. Such dividends (including Netherlands withholding taxes (see
"Dutch Withholding Tax on Dividends"above) deducted therefrom) will be taxed to
U.S. Holders as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends
received deduction generally available to corporate U.S. shareholders. In
addition, such dividends generally will be considered (i) dividends from sources
outside of the United States for foreign tax credit purposes and (ii) in the
"passive income" or "financial services income" foreign tax credit basket. Such
dividends will not be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax and generally will
not be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the hands of persons who are not
U.S. Holders unless such dividends are effectively connected with the conduct of
a trade or business in the United States. Distributions in excess of current and
accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the
extent of a U.S. Holder's basis in the common shares and thereafter as capital
gain. A U.S. Holder may elect annually either to deduct The Netherlands
withholding tax (see "Dutch Taxes") from its income or take the withholding
taxes as a credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to U.S.
foreign tax credit limitation rules.
TAXATION OF CAPITAL GAINS
Any gain or loss on a sale or exchange of common shares by a U.S.
Holder will generally be capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax
purposes if such common shares are held as a capital asset. If held for more
than one year, such gain or loss will generally be long-term capital gain or
loss. The amount of the gain or loss will be the difference between the amount
realized and the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the common shares. Holders
of common shares who are not U.S. Persons will generally not be subject to U.S.
income tax on the gain or loss realized on disposition unless such gain or loss
is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United
States or, in the case of an individual, such holder is present in the United
States for 183 or more days in the taxable year of such disposition and certain
other conditions are met.
PASSIVE FOREIGN INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Based on the manner in which we currently operate our business, we
believe that Madge is not a passive foreign investment company ("PFIC") for U.S.
federal income tax purposes. If, however, we were determined to be a PFIC, then
certain U.S. Holders may, with respect to their common shares, have to (i) pay
an interest charge on distributions and gains that are deemed as having been
deferred and/or (ii) recognize ordinary income on dispositions that, but for the
PFIC provisions, would have been treated as long- term or short-term capital
gain.
A U.S. Holder who owns Madge shares in any year in which Madge is a
PFIC must file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 with the Holder's tax return
for the year.
FOREIGN PERSONAL HOLDING COMPANIES
We or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries may be classified as a "foreign
personal holding company" ("FPHC") if in any taxable year five or fewer persons
who are U.S. citizens or residents own more than 50% of our common shares (a
"U.S. group") and more than 60% of the gross income (50% after the first year)
of Madge or of any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries consists of passive income for
purposes of the
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FPHC rules. Because substantially all of our income is likely to consist of
dividends from subsidiaries, which generally is passive income for purposes of
the FPHC rules, we are likely to meet the income test. Similarly, if more than
60% of the gross income of a non-U.S. subsidiary of Madge were to consist of
dividends, interest, royalties (other than active business computer software
royalties) or other types of passive income, the subsidiary would meet the FPHC
income test.
If we or any of our subsidiaries are or become an FPHC, each U.S.
Holder (including a U.S. corporation) who held Madge shares on the last day of
the taxable year, or, if earlier, the last day of its taxable year on which a
U.S. group existed with respect to Madge would be required to include in gross
income as a dividend such shareholder's pro rata portion of the undistributed
income of Madge or the subsidiary, even if no cash dividend were actually paid.
In such case, if we were the FPHC, a U.S. Holder would be entitled to increase
its tax basis in the shares of Madge by the amount of a deemed dividend from us.
If a subsidiary of Madge were the FPHC, a U.S. Holder in us should be afforded
similar relief, although the law is unclear as to the form of the relief.
Various trusts established by Robert Madge own approximately 53.58% of
our common shares. If under FPHC rules these shares were deemed to be held by
Mr. Madge and he were to become a U.S. citizen or resident, or were to marry a
U.S. citizen or resident, a U.S. group might then exist based in part upon the
shares considered owned by him. Moreover, if under FPHC rules the trusts' shares
were deemed to be held by a member of Mr. Madge's family and the family member
were to become a U.S. citizen or resident, or were to marry a U.S. citizen or
resident, such shares might be considered as part of a U.S. group. Although we
believe that at the present time no U.S. group exists, and that no U.S. group
will exist, we can give no assurances regarding future ownership of our shares
by members of the Madge family, or future changes in citizenship or residence of
Madge family members which could contribute to the creation of a U.S. group and
thus cause Madge to be treated as an FPHC. Moreover, we can give no assurance
that we will have timely knowledge of the formation of a U.S. group. In this
regard, we do not assume any obligation to make timely disclosure with respect
to such status. Moreover, since we do not intend to maintain our books and
records in accordance with U.S. tax accounting principles, U.S. Holders may not
have information available with which to determine accurately any deemed
dividend in the event we become an FPHC and would have to estimate such deemed
dividend. If we become a FPHC, a U.S. Person who acquires shares from a decedent
would be denied the step-up of tax basis of such shares to fair market value on
the decedent's date of death which otherwise would have been available and
instead would have a tax basis equal to the lower of fair market value or the
decedent's basis. As noted above, certain U.S. tax consequences turn on the
composition of the income of Madge and our subsidiaries. The tax law is not
entirely clear as to the proper classification of all relevant types of income,
which Madge and our subsidiaries may realize. Accordingly, there can be no
assurance that management's expectations described above will be fulfilled.
UNITED STATES BACKUP WITHHOLDING
A holder of common shares may be subject to "backup withholding" at the
rate of 31% with respect to dividends paid on such common shares if such
dividends are paid by a paying agent, broker or other intermediary in the United
States or by a U.S. broker or certain United States-related brokers to such
holder outside the United States. In addition, the proceeds of sale, exchange or
redemption of common shares may be subject to backup withholding if such
proceeds are paid by a paying agent, broker or other intermediary in the United
States.
Backup withholding may be avoided by the holder of common shares if
such holder (i) is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories
or (ii) provides a correct taxpayer identification number, certifies that such
holder is not subject to backup withholding and otherwise complies with the
backup withholding rules. In addition, holders of common shares who are not U.S.
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Persons are generally exempt from backup withholding, although such holders may
be required to comply with certification and identification procedures in order
to prove their exemption.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a
holder will be refunded (or credited against the holder's U.S. federal income
tax liability, if any) provided the amount withheld is claimed as federal taxes
withheld on the holder's U.S. federal income tax return relating to the year in
which the backup withholding occurred. A holder who is not otherwise required to
file a U.S. income tax return must generally file a claim for refund (or, in the
case of holders who are not U.S. persons, an income tax return) in order to
claim refunds of withheld amounts.
F. DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS
NOT APPLICABLE.
G. STATEMENT BY EXPERTS
NOT APPLICABLE.
H. DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY
Our Articles and all our other corporate documentation can be inspected
at our registered office in The Netherlands, Transpolis Schipol Airport, Polaris
Avenue 23, 2132 JH Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Interested parties should contact
our Legal Counsel, Kirstie Hallgate based in the U.K. on +44 1753 661256.
I. SUBSIDIARY INFORMATION
NOT APPLICABLE.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
For purposes of specific risk analysis, we use sensitivity analysis to
determine the effects that market risk exposures may have on the fair values of
our financial instruments. The financial instruments included in the sensitivity
analysis consist of all of our cash and cash equivalent balances and all
derivative financial instruments.
The sensitivity analyses provided below do not take into account the
possibility that foreign exchange rates relating to the currencies of different
countries can move independently and that gains from one category may or may not
be offset by losses from another country.
Foreign exchange.
To perform sensitivity analysis, we assess the risk of loss in fair
values from the impact of hypothetical changes in foreign currency exchange
rates on market sensitive instruments. From time to time we have used currency
forward contracts to manager our foreign currency exposures however at December
31, 2000 there were no contracts outstanding.
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The market values for foreign exchange risk are computed based on spot
rates in effect at December 31, 2000. The difference in this comparison are the
hypothetical gains or losses associated with each type of risk. A 10% movement
in levels of foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar with all
other variables held constant would result in approximately a $592,000 change in
the fair value of our financial instruments at December 31, 2000.
Interest rates
We manage debt and overall financing strategies using a combination of
short and medium term facilities, all at variable rates. Surplus cash deposits
are placed for fixed-terms not exceeding three months with credit-worthy
financial instruments. We do not currently hedge exposure to interest rate
fluctuations through the use of derivative instruments.
Based on variable rate debt levels at December 31, 2000 a one percent
change in interest rates would result in a $25,000 impact on net interest
exposure.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.
NOT APPLICABLE.
PART II.
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF
PROCEEDS
None.
PART III.
ITEM 15. RESERVED
ITEM 16. RESERVED
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PART IV.
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have responded to Item 18.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following consolidated financial statements and related
schedule, together with the report thereon of Ernst & Young LLP are filed as
part of this Annual Report.
Page
Report and Consent of Independent Auditors........................... F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1999 and 2000......... F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000..................................... F-5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Deficit) for
the years ended December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000..................... F-7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000..................................... F-8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements........................... F-10
Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts........................ S-1
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. Exhibit
1. Articles of Incorporation of Registrant dated September 11, 2000.
2. Not applicable.
3.(i) Agreement between Cansolt Trustees Limited, as Trustees of a
Settlement under a Deed dated March 8, 1990, and Hartland
Holdings Limited pursuant to Rule 13d-1(k)(1)(iii) under
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, incorporated by
reference Exhibit 2 to Robert Madge's Schedule 13D Report filed
on August 4, 2000.
3.(ii) Agreement between Cansolt Trustees Limited, as Trustees of a
Settlement under a Declaration of Trust dated June 7, 1993 and
Volendam Investeringen N.V. pursuant to Rule 13d-1(k)(1)(iii)
under Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
incorporated by reference Exhibit 3 to Robert Madge's Schedule
13D Report filed on August 4, 2000.
3.(iii) Agreement between Cansolt Trustees Limited, as Trustees of a
Settlement under a Deed dated March 8, 1990, Hartland Holdings
Limited and Landhart Investments N.V. pursuant to Rule
13d-1(k)(1)(iii) under Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as
Iamended, incorporated by reference Exhibit 4 to Robert Madge's
Schedule 13D Report filed on August 4, 2000.
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4.(a)(i) *Patent License Agreement dated as of July 1, 1999, between
Registrant and International Business Machines Corporation.
4.(a)(ii) Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of assets dated as of August
31, 1999 between Registrant and Olicom A/S
4.(a)(iii) Receivables Financing Agreement dated as of October 1, 1999,
between Madge Networks Limited and GE Capital Commercial Finance
Limited
4.(a)(iv) Addendum to Manufacturing and Supply Agreement as of December 21,
1999, between Registrant and Celestica Ireland Limited
4.(a)(v) Guarantee given by Registrant on various finance leases entered
into by Madge.web Limited and Hewlett Packard International Bank
Limited dated October 14, 1999.
4.(a)(vi) *Master Agreement dated as of April 12, 2000, between
Madge.connect Holdings B.V. and Vital Network Services LLC
4.(a)(vii) Loan Agreement dated as of July 26, 2000, between Madge.web N.V.
and Volendam Investeringen N.V. incorporated by reference Exhibit
5 to Robert Madge's Schedule 13D Report filed on August 4, 2000.
4.(a)(viii) Share Purchase Agreement dated as of July 26, 2000, between
Registrant and Volendam Investeringen N.V. incorporated by
reference Exhibit 6 to Robert Madge's Schedule 13D Report filed
on August 4, 2000.
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4.(a)(ix) Registration Rights Agreement dated as of July 26, 2000, between
Registrant and Volendam Investeringen N.V. incorporated by
reference Exhibit 7 to Robert Madge's Schedule 13D Report filed
on August 4, 2000.
4.(a)(x) Subscription Agreement dated as of July 26, 2000, between
Madge.web N.V. and Volendam Investeringen N.V. incorporated by
reference Exhibit 8 to Robert Madge's Schedule 13D Report filed
on August 4, 2000.
4.(a)(xi) Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of September 29, 2000, between
Madge Networks (New Jersey), Inc. and YorkTel Acquisition
Corporation.
4.(a)(xii) Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of September 29, 2000, between
Madge Networks (New Jersey), Inc. and Freedom Vertical
Technologies Inc.
4.(a)(xiii) Share Purchase and Registration Rights Agreement dated as of
March 28, 2001, between Registrant and Inktomi Corporation.
4.(a)(xiv) *Investment Agreement dated as of April 12, 2001, between
Registrant, Red-M (Communications) Limited, Michael Wilson &
Others, Apax Funds and Amadeus Funds.
4.(a)(xv) Articles of Incorporation of Red-M (Communications) Limited as at
April 12, 2001
4.(a)(xvi) Funding Agreement dated as of April 27, 2001 between Registrant
and PricewaterhouseCoopers
4.(c)(i) Employment Contract for Christopher Bradley
4.(c)(ii) Indemnification Agreements between Registrant and the following:-
- Christopher Bradley
- Michael Fischer
- Alex Vieux
*Confidential treatment is being requested for portions of this Exhibit.
We have not included as exhibits agreements listed in Item 10 - Material
Contracts, that relate solely to Madge.web as this business is in the process of
being discontinued. Nor have we included any agreements that relate solely to
Red-M as this is now an associated company of the Madge group.
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SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing
on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused the undersigned to sign this annual
report on its behalf.
MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
/s/ Robert H. Madge
--------------------------------------
Robert H. Madge
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Date: July 12, 2001
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REPORT INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Madge Networks N.V.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Madge
Networks N.V. as of December 31, 2000 and 1999 and the related consolidated
statements of operations, shareholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2000. Our audit also
included the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 18. These
financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of
Madge Networks N.V. at December 31, 2000 and 1999, and the consolidated results
of its operations and its consolidated cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2000, in conformity with United States generally
accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial
statement schedule when considered in relation to the basic financial statements
taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set
forth therein.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that
Madge Networks N.V. will continue as a going concern. The Company has a net
working capital deficit (excluding restricted cash) of $59.3 million and a
shareholders' deficit of $23.4 million as of December 31, 2000, and has incurred
recurring losses from operations. As more fully described in Note 1, it is not
certain that the Company's working capital financing facility will continue. In
addition, uncertainty exists as to the amount of additional liabilities, which
may ultimately accrue to the Company as a result of its decision to discontinue
its Madge.web business segment, including the completion of the sale of the
Company's global Trader Voice business, and the impact of this on the Company's
available funds. For these reasons, the Company's available cash, cash
equivalents and short-term investments may be insufficient to fund operations
for the next twelve months. These factors raise substantial doubt about the
Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans as to these
matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include
any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability or
classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that
might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Ernst & Young LLP
Reading, England
July 12, 2001
F-1
81
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements
(Form S-8 Nos. 333-9772, 333-6252, 33-99830, 33-84768 and 33-70684), and related
prospectuses of Madge Networks, N.V. of our report dated July 12, 2001, on the
consolidated financial statements and schedule included in the Annual Report on
Form 20-F of Madge Networks N.V. for the year ended December 31, 2000.
Ernst & Young LLP
Reading, England
July 12, 2001
F-2
82
MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 1999 and 2000
December 31, (in thousands) 1999 2000
--------- ---------
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 18,417 $ 18,405
Restricted cash 5,610 3,686
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for
doubtful accounts of $3,539 - 1999 and $1,330 - 2000 29,690 12,220
Inventories
Raw materials 833 2,329
Finished goods 15,327 5,242
--------- ---------
16,160 7,571
Current deferred tax assets 44 39
Other receivables 2,667 6,290
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 6,382 8,880
Current assets of discontinued operations 11,728 13,276
--------- ---------
Total current assets 90,698 70,367
Property and equipment, at cost
Leasehold improvements 16,215 14,339
Motor vehicles 55 --
Furniture and fixtures 5,976 4,230
Electronic office equipment 1,088 817
Computer and network equipment 30,657 18,014
Manufacturing equipment 640 251
Construction in progress 1,018 --
--------- ---------
55,649 37,651
Accumulated depreciation (34,091) (25,484)
--------- ---------
Net property and equipment 21,558 12,167
Property and equipment related to discontinued operations net of
accumulated depreciation and allowance for losses on disposition
23,276 2,208
Goodwill, net of accumulated amortization and impairment related
to discontinued operations 32,528 --
Intangible asset, net of accumulated amortization 19,548 11,343
Restricted cash 4,890 6,254
Investments of discontinued operations -- 2,000
--------- ---------
Total assets $ 192,498 $ 104,339
========= =========
See accompanying notes
F-3
83
MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)
December 31, 1999 and 2000
December 31, (in thousands excluding share numbers) 1999 2000
--------- ---------
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity (Deficit)
Current liabilities:
Short-term borrowings $ 7,107 $ --
Accounts payable 14,105 10,588
Deferred revenue 1,063 --
Deferred consideration 8,500 4,890
Accrued wages and related liabilities 4,825 2,851
Other accrued liabilities 48,070 30,548
Income taxes payable 16,724 11,593
Current portion of lease obligations 1,586 629
Current liabilities of discontinued operations 17,779 64,900
--------- ---------
Total current liabilities 119,759 125,999
Long-term portion of lease obligations 737 752
Deposit payable -- 948
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations 2,826 --
--------- ---------
Total liabilities 123,322 127,699
Commitments
Shareholders' equity (deficit):
Common Shares, 1 NLG par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 40,511,345 shares
issued and outstanding at December 31, 1999; 53,928,726 shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 2000
23,340 29,146
Additional paid-in capital 110,009 169,694
Treasury stock, 130,000 shares held at December 31, 1999
(404) (404)
and 2000, respectively
Accumulated deficit (56,937) (208,486)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (6,832) (13,310)
--------- ---------
Total shareholders' equity (deficit) 69,176 (23,360)
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 192,498 $ 104,339
========= =========
See accompanying notes
F-4
84
MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(in thousands, except per share amounts) 1998 1999 2000
--------- --------- ---------
Net sales $ 301,372 $ 166,677 $ 125,909
Cost of sales 147,103 80,564 66,628
--------- --------- ---------
Gross profit 154,269 86,113 59,281
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing 80,644 60,896 37,669
Research and development 47,663 28,809 15,135
General and administrative 17,042 10,932 10,391
Special (gain) (34,837) (7,565) (2,618)
--------- --------- ---------
Total operating expenses 110,512 93,072 60,577
--------- --------- ---------
Operating income (loss) from continuing operations 43,757 (6,959) (1,296)
Interest income 4,196 3,175 1,666
Interest expense 924 980 2,376
--------- --------- ---------
Income (loss) from continuing operations
before income taxes 47,029 (4,764) (2,006)
Provision for income taxes 3,085 938 201
--------- --------- ---------
Income from continuing operations before
extraordinary charge and discontinued operations 43,944 (5,702) 2,207
Extraordinary charge 5,226 -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Income (loss) from continuing operations 38,718 (5,702) (2,207)
Discontinued operations:
Loss from operations of discontinued
business (2,895) (34,611) (107,662)
Loss from discontinued business, including provision
for operating losses during the sale period of $2,780 -- -- (41,680)
--------- --------- ---------
(2,895) (34,611) (149,342)
--------- --------- ---------
Net income (loss) $ 35,823 $ (40,313) $(151,549)
========= ========= =========
Net income (loss) per share from continuing operations:
Basic $ 0.87 $ (0.14) $ (0.05)
Diluted $ 0.86 $ (0.14) $ (0.05)
Net (loss) per share from discontinued operations:
Basic $ (0.06) $ (0.86) $ (3.20)
Diluted $ (0.06) $ (0.86) $ (3.20)
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic $ 0.81 $ (1.00) $ (3.25)
Diluted $ 0.80 $ (1.00) $ (3.25)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 44,404 40,420 46,672
Diluted 44,624 40,420 46,672
See accompanying notes
F-5
85
MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Deficit) Years Ended December
31, 1998, 1999 and 2000 (in thousands)
Accumulated Total
Additional Other Shareholders'
Common Paid-in Treasury Retained Comprehensive Equity
Shares Capital Stock Deficit Loss (Deficit)
------- -------- ------- --------- ------- -------
Balance at January 1, 1998 $25,892 $130,095 $(1,274) $ (52,447) $(2,670) $99,596
Net income 35,823 35,823
Foreign currency translation
adjustments (2,450) (2,450)
-------
Comprehensive income 33,373
-------
Shares issued 149 2,814 2,963
Shares repurchased (859) (9,251) (9,429) (19,539)
------- -------- ------- --------- ------- -------
Balance at December 31, 1998 25,182 123,658 (10,703) (16,624) (5,120) 116,393
Net loss (40,313) (40,313)
Foreign currency translation
adjustments (1,712) (1,712)
-------
Comprehensive loss (42,025)
-------
Shares issued 98 349 1,365 1,812
Shares repurchased (7,004) (7,004)
Shares cancelled (1,940) (13,998) 15,938 --
------- -------- ------- --------- ------- -------
Balance at December 31, 1999 23,340 110,009 (404) (56,937) (6,832) 69,176
Net loss (151,549) (151,549)
Foreign currency translation
adjustments (6,478) (6,478)
--------
Comprehensive loss (158,027)
--------
Shares issued 5,806 59,685 65,491
------- -------- ------ --------- -------- --------
Balance at December 31, 2000 $29,146 $169,694 $ (404) $(208,486) $(13,310) $(23,360)
======= ======== ====== ========= ======== ========
See accompanying notes
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MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss) from continuing operations $ 38,718 $ (5,702) $ (2,207)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to
net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities:
Loss (profit) on sale of subsidiary (34,837) 2,239 2,785
Depreciation 22,230 6,975 5,580
Amortization of other intangible assets -- 2,936 10,205
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Restricted cash -- (10,500) 560
Accounts receivable 18,891 9,276 17,470
Other receivable (515) (2,152) (3,623)
Prepaid and other current assets 6,096 6,653 (2,498)
Inventories 9,941 (4,472) 8,589
Net deferred tax asset (51) 342 5
Accounts payable (20,272) 488 (3,517)
Deposit payable -- -- 948
Deferred revenue -- 1,063 (1,063)
Deferred consideration -- 8,500 (3,610)
Other accrued liabilities 20,497 (32,791) (19,496)
Income taxes payable 6,275 3,496 (5,131)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities of continuing operations 66,973 (13,649) 4,997
Net cash (used in) operating activities of
discontinued operations (2,620) (26,636) (51,343)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 64,353 (40,285) (46,346)
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property and equipment (13,144) (6,767) (4,248)
Investments, net 60,397 -- --
Purchase of Olicom -- (13,498) (2,000)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment 14,091 21 229
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing
activities of continuing operations 61,344 (20,244) (6,019)
Net cash provided by investing activities of
discontinued operations
Purchase of Gains -- (37,743) --
Other investing activities (18) (21,684) (38,977)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash generated by (used in) investing activities 61,326 (79,671) (44,996)
See accompanying notes
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Cash flows from financing activities
(Redemption of) long-term debt (36,592) -- --
Proceeds from capital leases -- 2,004 --
Repayment of capital leases (3,900) (2,651) (1,759)
Short-term loan (229) 5,474 (7,107)
Repurchase of common shares (19,399) (3,380) --
Net proceeds from shares issued to Volendam -- -- 29,730
Net proceeds from public share issue -- -- 29,324
Net proceeds from issue of other common shares 2,823 1,812 6,437
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing
activities of continuing operations (57,297) 3,259 56,625
Net cash provided by financing activities of
discontinued operations -- 4,538 34,711
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing (57,297) 7,797 91,336
activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ 68,382 $(112,159) $ (6)
========= ========= =========
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year $ 62,106 $ 130,494 $ 18,417
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 6 82 (6)
--------- --------- ---------
62,112 130,576 18,411
--------- --------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 130,494 18,417 18,405
--------- --------- ---------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ 68,382 $(112,159) $ (6)
========= ========= =========
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid in the year $ 924 $ 537 $ 1,621
Income taxes (refunded) paid in the year $ (133) $ (1,911) $ 607
See accompanying notes
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MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - GOING CONCERN
Madge Networks N.V. ("Madge" or the "Company") is a global provider of
advanced Internet-centric network services and products, and mission-critical
enterprise solutions. Until April 2001 the Company operated through three
subsidiary groups: Madge.connect, Red-M and Madge.web. Madge.connect is a global
supplier of Token Ring LAN product solutions for mission-critical enterprise
networks. Red-M is a pioneering developer of Bluetooth networking solutions that
enable access to a range of voice, video and data from a range of mobile
devices. Madge.web was a global provider of rich content applications, content
distribution and managed network services.
The Company has a net working capital deficit (excluding restricted
cash) of $59.3 million and a shareholders' deficit of $23.4 million as of
December 31, 2000 and has incurred recurring losses from operations.
Unrestricted cash as of December 31, 2000 was $18.4 million. In addition, in
February 2001, the Company received $7.0 million (plus $2.1 million interest)
from Celestica, as performance-related consideration from the sale of its Irish
manufacturing plant to Celestica in February 1998.
Until October 2000, Red-M was within the Madge.connect legal structure.
As at December 31, 2000 it was owned directly by Madge Networks N.V. as a
separate subsidiary and operating division. As described in Note 3, during April
2001, the Company sold a portion of its shareholding in Red-M for a total of
$8.6 million. As a result of this sale and the issue of new shares in Red-M to
the purchasers and Red-M employees, the Company's shareholding in Red-M has
fallen to less than 50% and it no longer has any funding commitment to Red-M.
The Company will also only benefit from future cash generated by Red-M to the
extent that it is paid to it by way of a cash dividend.
On April 27, 2001 the Company publicly announced that the Board of
Madge Networks decided not to provide further operational funding for Madge.web
and that it was searching for a purchaser of the Madge.web business. Madge.web
Limited in the United Kingdom and Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd in Singapore have been
put into Administration and Interim Judicial Management, respectively, in
accordance with their local laws in processes broadly similar to Chapter 11 in
the United States. The Company has provided $6.3 million funding to the
respective Administration and Interim Judicial Management processes for these
two entities. On June 12, 2001 the Company announced that a letter of intent had
been signed with a third party to sell the global Trader Voice business of
Madge.web. It also announced on June 12, 2001, that it was unlikely that it
would be able to find a buyer for the IP business as a going concern and that it
would be attempting to sell the remaining Madge.web assets. Thereafter,
Madge.web B.V., the Dutch registered European sales subsidiary of Madge.web
received permission from the Dutch courts for an Insolvent Liquidation in June
2001 once it became clear that a purchaser for the whole Madge.web group as a
going concern will not be possible. The Administrators are currently in
negotiations with more than one party. However, the likely proceeds and timing
of any sale are uncertain.
As described in more detail in Note 2, in accordance with Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 30 ("APB") No. 30 and Emerging Issues Task Force
("EITF") Issue No. 95-18, Madge.web is presented as a discontinued operation
within the accompanying financial statements and the results of operations for
1998 and 1999 have been reclassified accordingly. The Company has provided
guarantees on behalf of Madge.web in relation to certain property leases,
equipment leases and loans. In determining the loss on disposal, the Company has
made an estimate of the amount of the obligations that will not be
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assumed by any purchaser of Madge.web's global Trader Voice business or its
other assets and, therefore, will have to be discharged by the Company. The
Company has also estimated that proceeds received by the Administrator and
Interim Judicial Management from the sale of Madge.web's global Trader Voice
business or Madge.web's other assets will be adequate to ensure that the funding
of $6.3 million it has provided for the Administration and Interim Judicial
Management processes, respectively, will be repaid in full. However, this is
contingent on the sale of the global Trader Voice business being completed as
proposed. As the Company had expected to complete the sale before the date of
filing this Annual Report on Form 20-F, the repayment of the funding provided
for the Administration and Interim Judicial Management process is uncertain, as
is the ultimate outcome from the disposal process and the impact that might have
on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If a sale of the global
Trader Voice business is not completed as proposed, the worst possible outcome
could result in the Company having insufficient funds to continue to meet its
liabilities as they fall due.
The Company will be undertaking further cuts in the Madge.connect
business and corporate overheads in order to maintain the profitability of the
business going forward and intends to seek further revenue generating activities
over which to spread this cost base. The Company believes that Madge.connect and
the corporate function, following these restructuring activities, will have
positive cashflow in 2001. The Company is in the process of changing the key
supplier of product to Madge.connect and it is important for the future success
of the business that this transition takes place smoothly. The Company also
believes that Madge.connect's funding facilities will remain available on
acceptable terms. These terms currently provide for either party to terminate on
giving three months notice in writing. If there is a material adverse change in
the Company's business, as determined by the lender, the funding facility can be
terminated immediately.
Based on the expected outcome of the sale of Madge.web's global Trader
Voice business, future operating results of the Madge.connect business and
continuation of Madge.connect's funding facilities, the Company believes that
its current liquidity levels and committed financial resources are sufficient to
meet the needs of its ongoing operations for at least twelve months following
the filing of this Annual Report on Form 20-F. Consequently, the Company is of
the opinion that it is appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a
going concern basis. The financial statements do not include any adjustment that
would result if the Company were to cease being a going concern.
There does, however, exist substantial doubt about the Company's
ability to continue as a going concern as there can be no assurance that its
assumptions and estimates will prove correct or that its currently available
sources of funding will remain available. To the extent that the Company's
guarantees on behalf of Madge.web do not transfer to purchasers of Madge.web's
global Trader Voice business or other assets, and these liabilities cannot be
mitigated, the Company's future cash flow and liquidity will be materially
adversely affected. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that a sale of
Madge.web's global Trader Voice business and possible sale of its other assets
will be closed by the middle of July and it may be necessary to place further
Madge.web entities into liquidation including those currently in Administration
and Interim Judicial Management. In such circumstances, funds provided to the
Administrators and Interim Judicial Management may not be returned to the
Company, and it may incur substantial liabilities under the guarantees it has
made on behalf of Madge.web. To the extent that these liabilities cannot be
mitigated, the Company's future cash flow and liquidity will be materially
adversely affected.
Should further liquidity be required to provide additional funding for
Madge.web, or to finance the liabilities arising from the guarantees and
contracts entered into by Madge Networks on behalf of Madge.web, the Company
would attempt to raise additional funds through working capital financing and
other sources of finance such as bank credit, a further sale of its shares in
Red-M, or, if achievable, a private placement of shares in Madge Networks. If
Madge Networks N.V. shares are delisted, the Company will find it
difficult to raise funds through an equity offering of its shares. Madge's
ability to
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sell its shares in Red-M is also subject to certain restrictions based on the
investment agreement between Madge and the recent purchasers of Red-M shares
that could affect the Company's ability to sell and the price that could be
obtained for Red-M shares. For further details see Note 21 to the Financial
Statements.
2. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In April 2001, having spent the prior sixteen months trying to
secure sufficient funding for Madge.web, the Board of Madge Networks decided to
withdraw operational funding for Madge.web because further funding was not in
the best interests of Madge Networks and its shareholders. As a result, on April
27, 2001 the directors of Madge.web Limited petitioned the court in England to
put Madge.web Limited into Administration in accordance with the rules of the
English courts, in a process broadly similar to that of Chapter 11
reorganization under the laws of the United States. In a similar vein, on May
15, 2001, the Madge.web entity in Singapore, Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd, was put into
Interim Judicial Management by the Singapore High Court. The effect for both
these legal entities is to give them the ability to continue to trade with
protection from their creditors while a buyer is sought for the entire Madge.web
business as a going concern. Partners of PricewaterhouseCoopers ("PwC") in the
United Kingdom and in Singapore are charged with the legal responsibility of
operating Madge.web Limited and Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd, respectively, as going
concerns to maximize the realization of value for its respective creditors. On
June 12, 2001, Madge.web B.V., the Dutch registered European sales subsidiary of
Madge.web with branches in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden received
permission from the Dutch courts for an Insolvent Liquidation. The
court-appointed trustee has begun the process of winding up the branch
operations in each of the countries where this entity had operated.
In accordance with APB 30 and EITF Issue No. 95-18 Madge.web is
presented as a discontinued business in the financial statements for 2000.
Accordingly the statements of operations for 1998 and 1999 have been
reclassified to reflect the Madge.web operating results as discontinued.
The operating loss from discontinued operations for the year ended
December 31, 2000 includes the operating loss for the period January 1, 2001 to
April 27, 2001, the date the decision was made to discontinue the Madge.web
business. The loss from the decision to discontinue the business has been
determined based on our estimates of (i) the amount receivable from the
companies in Administration and Interim Judicial Management related to amounts
due to Madge Networks N.V., (ii) operating losses of the companies not in
Administration or Interim Judicial Management from April 27, 2001to the
estimated date of sale,(iii) the net realizable value from the sale or
liquidation of the companies not in Administration or Interim Judicial
Management and (iv) additional liabilities resulting from guarantees provided by
Madge Networks N.V. The disposition of the Madge.web business is estimated to be
completed by the end of the third quarter of 2001.
Assets, liabilities and losses of discontinued operations (in
thousands) are as follows:
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Current assets of discontinued operations:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,054 $ 9,431
Accounts receivable 8,965 3,355
Amounts due from Madge.web discontinued business -- 490
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,709 --
-------- --------
Total $ 11,728 $ 13,276
======== ========
Property and equipment of discontinued operations:
Leasehold improvements $ 2,698 $ 2,208
Furniture and fixtures 432 --
Electronic office equipment 362 --
Computer and network equipment 26,536 --
Construction in progress 1,340 --
-------- --------
31,368 2,208
Accumulated depreciation (8,092) --
-------- --------
Property and equipment, net $ 23,276 $ 2,208
1999 2000
-------- --------
Current liabilities of discontinued operations:
Accounts payable $ 6,567 $ 10,647
Other accrued liabilities including amounts payable
under guarantees 9,500 26,685
Current portion of lease obligations 1,712 --
Provision for future losses -- 27,568
-------- --------
Total $ 17,779 $ 64,900
======== ========
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations:
Long-term portion of lease obligations $ 2,826 $ --
-------- --------
Total $ 2,826 $ --
======== ========
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1998 1999 2000
--------- --------- ---------
Loss from discontinued operations:
Net sales $ -- $ 29,475 $ 30,632
Cost of sales -- 34,983 59,983
--------- --------- ---------
Gross loss -- (5,508) (29,351)
--------- --------- ---------
Operating expenses 2,895 29,103 46,178
Provision for future operating losses -- -- 32,133
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss from operations (2,895) (34,611) (107,662)
--------- --------- ---------
Loss from discontinued business -- -- (41,680)
--------- --------- ---------
Total loss from discontinued operations $ (2,895) $ (34,611) $(149,342)
The loss from operations of discontinued operations includes a
provision of $32.1 million which is the loss for the period January 1, 2001 to
April 27, 2001.
During 2000 Madge.web invested $2.0 million in Magnifi, a California
based, privately owned developer and operator of business-to-business extranet
services, targeted at the marketing and brand management requirements of large
international organisations. Madge.web acquired 623,053 Series E Preferred Stock
of Magnifi, equal to 8.1% of the fully diluted Series E stock or approximately a
1.3% holding of Magnifi's total fully diluted equity as at October 31, 2000. We
expect to sell Madge.web's interest in Magnifi along with Madge.web's other
assets.
3. SPECIAL CHARGES AND GAINS, EXTRAORDINARY CHARGE AND ACQUISITIONS
Special charges and gains
In the fourth quarter of 2000, we released a $3.5 million provision
made at the time of the Lannet disposal, for potential associated costs that we
now no longer expect to arise. This is reported as a special gain in the
consolidated financial statements.
During September 2000 we set up a new significant provision to cover
the restructuring program that has been put in place. The provision was for $2.0
million to cover the sale of the video networking business to Initia, Inc.
(formerly Yorktel Acquisition Corporation) ("Initia") and the sale of the
manufacturing function of the video networking business to Freedom. The
provision covered inventory of $0.7 million, fixed assets of $1.1 million and
headcount costs of $0.2 million. This provision was offset by income and various
assets/liabilities relating to the video networking business of $1.1 million to
give a net charge of $0.9 million.
We reorganized our operational and internal reporting structure in 1999
into products and services segments. Madge.connect, formerly known as Enterprise
Network Products Division, provides products, and Madge.web, formerly known as
the Managed Network Services Division, provides services. In the fourth quarter
of 1999 Madge.connect created two separate groups, one focusing on enterprise
products (Token Ring and Video Networking) and the other on new internet access
products (now called Red-M). The sales and marketing and research and
development functions within Madge.connect were reorganized along these lines
and the related costs were reduced including reductions in headcount in
Madge.connect. We incurred a special charge in the fourth quarter of 1999 of
$6.2 million relating to headcount costs of $4.6 million, fixed assets of $0.5
million, legal fees of $0.5 million and facilities costs of $0.6 million in
relation to this restructuring. Payments prior to December 31, 1999 in relation
to the restructuring for employee costs were $0.8 million and $0.3 million in
relation to non-employee termination related restructuring charges.
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Offset against the charge of $6.2 million described above was a release
of reserves taken in relation to the sale of Lannet in the third quarter of
1998. The release of $15.0 million was a special credit to operating expenses in
the fourth quarter of 1999 and was in relation to original estimates for
representations and warranties that did not occur. In June 1999, as part of our
regular review of the provisions originally created as a special charge on the
sale of Lannet in the third quarter of 1998, we reversed $4.1 million of the
special charge. The reversal related to forecast product returns and
professional fees estimated at the time of sale that we did not incur.
During the third quarter of 1999 we incurred special charges of $1.2
million in connection with the acquisition of the Token Ring business of Olicom
A/S. The charges consisted of legal fees, financing charges and integration
costs relating to the acquisition.
Special charges incurred in the second quarter of 1999 related to the
reorganization of operating activities connected with the establishment of the
Enterprise Network Products Division (now Madge.connect). The charges consisted
of costs relating to facilities of $3.0 million, leasehold costs relating to
buildings of $0.6 million and provisions for writing off fixed assets of $0.5
million. Facilities and leasehold costs have and continue to be realized through
cash payments whereas fixed assets costs were for non-cash transactions. Planned
headcount reductions were provided for previously under provisions made at the
time of the sale of Lannet in August 1998.
In the third quarter of 1998, we sold the entire issued share capital
of Madge Networks (Israel) Ltd. ("Lannet"), our ethernet division. A gain of
$34.8 million was recorded upon disposal of Lannet and this was a significant
portion of our operating results. Substantially all the volume of ethernet
revenue and business was lost as a result of the disposal. The gain consisted of
cash received for the acquisition, less the write off of the book value of
Lannet, disposal of related provisions and other costs of disposals.
An extraordinary charge was recorded in the third quarter of 1998
relating to the redemption of our $30.0 million Convertible Subordinated Notes
(the "Notes"). The extraordinary charge of $5.2 million represented the
redemption premium, accrued interest and other items relating to the redemption
of the Notes. The redemption was financed using part of the proceeds generated
from the sale of Lannet. The impact of this extraordinary charge was $(0.12) per
share. Excluding this extraordinary charge, Madge's diluted net income per share
would have been $0.92.
On February 5, 1999 we acquired all the outstanding shares of Gains
International (C.I.) Limited, Gains Hong Kong Limited and Gains Japan Co.
Limited, private companies incorporated in Guernsey, Channel Islands, Hong Kong
and Japan, respectively (collectively "Gains"). Gains is an international
carrier of telecom services supplying the financial sector. The purchase
consideration was $46.0 million in cash. After taking into account the cash
balance of Gains and capitalized acquisition costs, the net cash outflow was
$37.7 million. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method,
resulting in goodwill of $33.9 million. Gains is part of Madge.web, which has
been discontinued and the carrying value of the goodwill has been written down
to zero as of December 31, 2000.
On August 31, 1999 we completed an agreement with Olicom A/S, under
which we purchased the intellectual property and the rights to manufacture, sell
and develop Olicom's Token Ring product portfolio. The transaction also included
Olicom's Token Ring customer base and we hired 55 Olicom employees. The purchase
price for the acquisition was $21.5 million, which included an initial payment
of $12.3 million, $8.5 million placed in escrow relating to future minimum
guaranteed payments to be made over three years based on a percentage of our
Token Ring revenues and $0.7 million related to the assumption of a warranty
liability. In addition, we were committed to a further payment of $2.0 million,
which was placed in escrow and was released in June 2000 when Olicom fulfilled
certain technical support milestones. We were also committed to purchase certain
Olicom Token Ring inventory in the six months following the sale. The agreement,
inclusive of $1.2 million of acquisition related expenses, resulted in $24.5
million of specific intangible assets, which are being amortized utilizing a
reducing
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percentage method, which approximates the forecast reduction in Token Ring sales
over a three year period. Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 1999 and
2000 was $2.9 million and $13.1 million, respectively. Our unaudited pro forma
net sales, including Olicom for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999 were
$460.5 million and $215.4 million, respectively. Information with respect to
income before extraordinary items and net income for Olicom's business acquired
in September 1999 is not available.
4. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of preparation
The consolidated financial statements are prepared under U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles and are presented in U.S. dollars.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial
statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
Discontinued Operations
The operating results, financial position and cash flows of the
Madge.web business have been disclosed within the consolidated financial
statement as a discontinued business, in accordance with APB No. 30 and EITF
Issue No. 95-18. As such, the operations, assets and liabilities of Madge.web
have been shown separately from the continuing operations of Madge Networks. A
provision has been included within the financial statements at December 31,
2000, against the impairment of the net assets of Madge.web, for future losses
of that business from the measurement date (April 27, 2001) to the expected date
of sale and for future liabilities that may crystallize on the sale of the
business.
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Madge and
its subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated in consolidation.
Revenue recognition
We recognize revenue from product sales upon shipment of product. Net
sales from non-recurring technology licensing or engineering is recognized on
customer acceptance. Software license royalty revenue is recognized upon
notification by the licensee that products incorporating our software have been
shipped by the licensee. Subject to certain limitations, we permit some
distributors to exchange products or to return products in exchange for credits
against future purchases. In addition, in the event we reduce our selling
prices, we credit our distributors for the difference between the purchase price
of products remaining in the distributors' inventories and our reduced price for
such products, subject to certain limitations. An allowance for sales returns
and price reduction adjustments, based on historical experience, is accrued
concurrently with the recognition of revenue.
Red-M - We made our first shipments of our products during November
2000. These were to third party application developers to enable them to work
with our research and development and marketing personnel to create new
applications for our products. No revenue was recognized for these
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first shipments since they are being utilized to prove concepts and test the
products. No revenue will be recognized for this group after April 12, 2001, as
it is now an associated company of Madge Networks.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value, determined
on a weighted average cost method.
Property and equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and
amortization of property and equipment are calculated using the straight-line
method over the lesser of the estimated useful lives or period of lease of the
assets as follows:
Furniture and fixtures 4 years Manufacturing equipment 1-3 years
Computer and network equipment 3-5 years Electronic office equipment 3 years
Motor vehicles 3 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of the estimated
useful life of the asset or
the period of the lease.
The depreciation charge for the year ended December 31, 2000 was
$15,984,000. Assets in the course of construction are not depreciated.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
We amortize goodwill and other intangible assets on a systematic basis
over their estimated useful lives, which range from three to ten years. Goodwill
has been calculated as the excess of the purchase consideration paid over fair
value of the net assets acquired. The basis for other intangible assets has been
calculated through cash flow analysis to determine the fair value of the
specific intangible assets. The carrying amount of goodwill is reviewed on a
regular basis for indicators of impairment. Indicators of impairment include an
adverse change in the opportunities or business climate in which we operate.
Should indicators of impairment exist, such impairment will be reviewed through
the examination of discounted cash flows.
Following a re-evaluation of the value of the Gains business and the
related period over which the value is to be recognized to the Madge.web
business, we determined the estimated useful life of the goodwill arising from
the acquisition of Gains to be 10 years as opposed to the original estimate of
20 years. This took effect from the second quarter of 2000. Following the
announcement of our intention to sell the Madge.web business, the remaining
carrying value of the goodwill to the Gains business was written off.
Investments
Investments in companies in which we hold less than a 20% interest are
carried at cost or estimated realizable value, if less.
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96
Capital leases
Assets held under capital leases are capitalized in the balance sheet
and are depreciated over their useful lives. Amortization of these assets is
included in the statement of operations with depreciation and amortization of
purchased assets.
Research and development
All research and development expenses are charged to operations as
incurred. Statement of Financial Accounting Standard ("SFAS") No. 86, Accounting
for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed,
requires capitalization of certain software development costs subsequent to the
establishment of technological feasibility.
Based on our product development process, technological feasibility is
established on completion of a working model. Costs incurred by Madge between
completion of the working model and the point at which the product is ready for
release have been insignificant. All research and development costs have been
expensed as incurred.
Accrued warranty costs
We provide limited warranties on our software and hardware products.
Warranty periods range from 90 days for some software products to lifetime
warranties for some hardware products. We have the option to either repair or
replace defective products or return the price paid. We accrue for expected
future warranty costs.
Cash equivalents and short-term investments
We include in cash equivalents all highly liquid investments with
maturity dates of three months or less at the purchase date. Short-term
investments consist of highly liquid investments that generally mature within
two years from acquisition. The fair value of investments is based on quoted
market prices. We determine the appropriate classification of debt securities at
the time of purchase and re-evaluate such designation as of each balance sheet
date. Securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair market
value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in retained
earnings. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be
other-than-temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in general
and administrative expenses. The cost of securities sold is based on the
specific identification method.
Foreign currency translation
Madge accounts for foreign currency in accordance with SFAS No. 52,
Foreign Currency Translation. Under this Statement, assets and liabilities of
our non-U.S. dollar subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange
rates in effect at the close of the period. The resulting translation
adjustments are excluded from net earnings, and accumulated as a separate
component of shareholders' equity. The income and expenses of these operations
are translated at monthly market exchange rates.
Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in results
of operations in the periods in which they occur. The total amount of currency
transaction gain recorded in the 2000 statement of operations was $3.1 million
(1999 - loss $0.2 million, 1998 - gain $1.3 million).
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97
Advertising costs
We account for advertising costs as an expense in the period in which
they are incurred. Advertising expenses for 2000 were approximately $0.6 million
(1999 - $1.4 million, 1998 - $3.8 million.)
Per share data
Basic earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average
number of common shares outstanding. The diluted EPS is calculated based on the
weighted average number of common shares plus the dilutive common shares from
the exercise of employee share options. In periods when we report a net loss,
basic and diluted EPS are the same because the effect of potential common shares
is anti-dilutive.
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
--------------------------------------
Numerator for the basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income (loss) from continuing operations $ 38,718 $ (5,702) $ (2,207)
========= ========= =========
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations $ (2,895) $ (34,611) $(149,342)
========= ========= =========
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Weighted average shares 44,404 40,420 46,672
Effect of dilutive securities-employee stock options 220 -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Denominator for diluted earnings per share 44,624 40,420 46,672
========= ========= =========
Net income (loss) from continuing operations per share:
Basic $ 0.87 $ (0.14) $ (0.05)
========= ========= =========
Diluted $ 0.86 $ (0.14) $ (0.05)
========= ========= =========
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations per share:
Basic $ (0.06) $ (0.86) $ (3.20)
========= ========= =========
Diluted $ (0.06) $ (0.86) $ (3.20)
========= ========= =========
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Under SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income, foreign currency
translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive income (loss).
The following are the components of comprehensive income (loss):
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- ----------
Net loss $ 35,823 $ (40,313) $ (151,549)
Foreign currency translation adjustments (2,450) (1,712) (6,478)
---------- ---------- ----------
Total comprehensive loss $ 33,373 $ (42,025) $ (158,027)
========== ========== ==========
No income tax effect has been recorded related to the comprehensive
loss.
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98
5. RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the
current year's presentation.
6. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued
Staff Accounting Bulletin 101 ("SAB 101"), Revenue Recognition in Financial
Statements, which provides guidance related to revenue recognition based on
interpretations and practices followed by the SEC. SAB 101, as amended, was
effective no later than the fourth fiscal quarter of fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 1999 and requires companies to report any changes in revenue
recognition as a cumulative change in accounting principle at the time of
implementation in accordance with APB No. 20 Accounting Changes. SAB 101 had no
effect on our revenue recognition policies.
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. The
effective date of this statement was deferred to fiscal years beginning after
June 15, 2000 by SFAS No. 137, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities -- Deferral of Effective Date of SFAS No. 133. We typically purchase
or sell foreign currencies forward one month to hedge expected currency exposure
and as at December 31, 2000 no forward foreign exchange contracts were
outstanding. While we have yet to complete our review, we do not expect the
adoption of this new accounting standard to have a significant effect on our
financial statements.
7. RESTRICTED CASH
In 2000, we placed a further $5.2 million on deposit as collateral
against our lease obligations for investment on our data centers. This continues
to be released on a monthly basis as lease commitments are settled. The balance
on this deposit account was $5.0 million as at December 31, 2000.
In 1999 we placed $10.5 million in escrow relating to the
performance-related consideration for the purchase of intellectual property and
rights to manufacture, sell and develop Olicom Token Ring products. Since 1999,
we have paid from this account $3.6 million deferred consideration in the form
of royalty payments and $2.0 million in milestone payments to Olicom for
reaching certain technical support milestones. The balance on this escrow
account was $4.9 million as at December 31, 2000.
8. OTHER RECEIVABLE
The other receivable balance as at December 31, 2000 of $6.3 million
relates to a performance-related consideration receivable for the sale of our
manufacturing business in Ireland to Celestica in 1998. In February 2001 we
received $8.2 million, being the full $7.0 million performance-related
consideration and interest of $1.2 million.
9. BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS
We finance working capital in part through a $30 million two-year
financing arrangement secured on accounts receivable generated by U.K. and U.S.
Madge.connect entities. Availability of financing under this facility depends
upon the level of receivables for these entities. The arrangement is for an
initial two year period to September 2001 and continues thereafter until
terminated by either party giving three months notice. There is a provision
allowing the finance company to terminate the facility immediately
F-19
99
if it believes there to have been a material adverse change to our business. We
have no indication from it that it intends to terminate this agreement. There
was no balance outstanding under the arrangement as at December 31, 2000. Based
on our year end net receivables position, availability under this facility at
December 31, 2000 was $10.3 million. Interest on this facility is LIBOR + 1.5%.
In addition, an unsecured $3.8 million two-year loan agreement was
entered into by Madge.web in November 2000 for the purposes of partially
financing the purchase of certain software and software licenses. Tranche 1 was
drawn as at December 31, 2000 in the amount of $2.5 million. Interest on this
facility is LIBOR + 1.5%. This unsecured loan was guaranteed by Madge Networks
and an estimate of the amount Madge Networks may have to pay under this
guarantee is included in the loss on disposal calculation.
In September 2000 a Loan Agreement was entered into with Volendam,
whereby they agreed to loan Madge.web up to $30.0 million. Under this Loan
Agreement the debt was waived if Madge.web called the option it had to require
Volendam to purchase the shares of Madge.web N.V. The company called this
option, and the Class B Preferred shares were deemed issued on December 31,
2000, which resulted in Volendam owning 7% of Madge.web N.V. The Class B
Preferred shares were actually issued to Volendam on January 26, 2001 because of
a delay in amending the articles of Madge.web N.V. to reflect the new share
structure. Volendam effectively waived the repayment of the principal amount the
the loan we had drawn down as at December 31, 2000 ($28.0 million) and paid the
final $2.0 million due on January 29, 2001. Volendam were entitled to offset
these sums under the Loan Agreement. Madge.web agreed to pay Volendam interest
on the loan monies while they were outstanding at a margin over LIBOR. Interest
totalling $624,000 is due to Volendam from Madge.web N.V.
10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On July 26, 2000 we entered into two agreements with Volendam
Investeringen N.V., a private investment company sponsored by our Chairman and
Chief Executive Officer, Robert Madge ("Volendam"). Under one agreement Volendam
agreed to invest $30 million in the common shares of Madge Networks N.V., which
they did at a price of $3.1875 per share (the open market closing price on July
26, 2000) in 3 tranches between July 28, 2000 and September 27, 2000. The net
proceeds we received from this transaction were $29.7 million. Under the second
agreement Volendam agreed to invest a further $30 million in the equity of
Madge.web N.V. The latter was exercisable during November and December 2000 at
our option and the option was exercised by us on December 21, 2000. Volendam
acquired 933,870 Class B Preferred Shares in Madge.web N.V. on January 26, 2001.
Prior to the Madge.web shares being acquired, on September 26, 2000
Volendam agreed to loan Madge.web up to $30.0 million (the "Loan Agreement") at
an interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.5%. When the Madge.web N.V. Class B Preferred
shares were issued to Volendam on January 26, 2001, Volendam effectively waived
the repayment of the principal amount of the loan we had drawn down at the time
($28.0 million) and paid us the final $2.0 million due. They were entitled to
offset these sums under the Loan Agreement.
11. COMMITMENTS
Capital Lease Obligations and Operating Leases
In connection with our business combinations, and restructurings,
future payments of certain duplicate office leases have been charged to expense
as part of the special charges. Such lease payments are also included within the
table below. Gross rental expense for continuing operations was $5,805,000
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100
in 2000 (1999 - $6,274,000, 1998 - $9,505,000). Gross rental expense for
discontinued operations was $3,581,000 in 2000 (1999 - $2,928,000). Sublease
rental income for continuing operations was $2,396,000 in 2000 (1999 -
$2,310,000, 1998 - $2,823,000).
Madge's principal operating leases are for office buildings. In most
cases, it is expected that the operating leases will be renewed or replaced by
other leases in the normal course of business.
At December 31, 2000, future minimum gross rental payments and sublease
rental income under lease that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease
terms in excess of one year are as follows:
Capital leases Operating leases
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) Gross Sub-lease
Rentals Rentals
2001 $ 738 $ 4,928 $ 3,261
2002 616 5,717 3,558
2003 146 5,629 3,259
2004 90 4,498 1,994
2005 -- 4,395 1,994
2006 and thereafter -- 27,034 2,755
------- ------- -------
Total $ 1,590 $52,201 $16,821
======= =======
Less amount representing interest 209
-------
Less current portion of lease obligations 629
-------
Long-term portion $ 752
=======
Amounts estimated to be paid under commitments for capital leases and
gross rental payments for the discontinued operations have been accounted for as
at December 31, 2000.
As of December 31, 2000 the gross amount of assets held under capital
leases included in property and equipment, principally computer equipment, was
$1,899,000 with accumulated amortization of approximately $477,000.
12. OBLIGATIONS
As at December 31, 2000 we had obligations to Freedom to continue our
direct relationship with Kbyte Hibbing Manufacturing, one of the main component
suppliers of the video networking business. However we do not intend to place
any more purchase orders for these components and will not be entering into any
new purchase orders once the existing ones in place have been used up which we
estimate will be by the end of July 2001. For further details see Item 5
"Operating and Financial Review and Prospects".
We also had obligations to Inktomi Corporation for our maintenance
contracts for the Madge.web business until 2005. These contracts are renewable
annually. We will be attempting to transfer these contracts with our Madge.web
business when a purchaser has been secured. Assigning these contracts to a third
party requires Inktomi's written consent; however, if we sell the shares in the
Madge.web company that holds these contracts, they will be transferred
automatically.
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101
13. INCOME TAXES
Significant components of the deferred tax assets at December 31, 1999
and December 31, 2000 (in thousands) were as follows:
1999 2000
-------- --------
Current deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses $ 69,351 $ 75,621
U.S. research and development credits 1,629 1,629
Warranty accruals 1,717 1,134
State tax and employee benefit accruals 320 (64)
Allowances for bad debts 1,998 433
Other general provisions, net 4,833 1,818
-------- --------
Total current deferred tax assets 79,848 80,571
Less valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (79,804) (80,532)
-------- --------
Current deferred tax assets after valuation allowance 44 39
-------- --------
Net deferred tax assets $ 44 $ 39
======== ========
At December 31, 2000, we had net operating loss carry-forwards of
approximately $232 million world-wide with various expiration dates in different
countries. In addition, we have research and development credits in the United
States of approximately $1.6 million that expire in the years 2002 to 2012. For
financial reporting purposes, a valuation allowance has been recognized to
offset all deferred tax assets related to the carry-forwards as it is not
certain that the carry-forwards will be utilized before their expiration dates.
For financial reporting purposes, income (loss) before income taxes
from continuing operations includes the following components:
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- -------
United Kingdom $ 11,663 $ (4,631) $(4,142)
United States (4,486) (15,825) (4,540)
Israel (19,321) -- --
Rest of World 59,173 15,692 6,676
-------- -------- -------
Total $ 47,029 $ (4,764) $(2,006)
======== ======== =======
Significant components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes
attributable to continuing operations are as follows:
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- --------
Current:
United Kingdom $ (237) $ (508) $ 119
United States 27 -- --
Israel (208) -- --
Rest of World 3,370 1,111 82
-------- -------- --------
Total current 2,952 603 201
-------- -------- --------
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102
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- --------
Deferred:
United Kingdom -- 335 --
United States -- -- --
Israel 184 -- --
Rest of World (51) --
-------- -------- --------
Total deferred 133 335 --
-------- -------- --------
$ 3,085 $ 938 $ 201
======== ======== ========
The following table presents the differences between The Netherlands
tax rate and the effective tax rate:
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
------ ------ ------
The Netherlands statutory tax rate (benefit) 35.0% (35.0)% (35.0)%
Utilization of net operating losses (10.0) (318.1) (508.3)
Higher effective rates in other countries 0.3 7.1 5.6
Lower effective rates in other countries (4.4) -- (47.7)
Losses, not utilized 40.5 141.7 351.1
Non-deductible expenses (54.8) 224.0 244.3
------ ------ ------
Effective tax rate (benefit) 6.6% 19.7% 10.0%
====== ====== ======
14. OTHER ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Other accrued liabilities in the balance sheet consist of:
As at December 31, (in thousands) 1999 2000
-------- --------
Corporate accruals $ 20,808 $ 11,237
Warranty accruals 5,990 3,881
Connect accruals 9,448 9,821
Restructuring and integration accruals 9,321 4,563
Other accruals 2,503 1,046
-------- --------
$ 48,070 $ 30,548
======== ========
15. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
In addition to common shares we have the following authorized shares: 2
million Preferred A shares at 1 NLG par value and 2 million Preferred B shares
at 1 NLG par value. There were no preferred shares issued or outstanding at
December 31, 2000 or 1999.
We have no retained earnings under either Netherlands law or U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles as of December 31, 2000. In the future,
our earnings available for distribution by way of dividends will be determined
in accordance with the laws of The Netherlands in the financial statements of
the parent company, Madge Networks N.V.
The number of common shares issued and outstanding was 53,928,726 and
40,511,345 as of December 31, 2000 and 1999, respectively. During 2000 we issued
729,316 common shares under our
F-23
103
share option plans, 612,402 under our Employee Share Purchase Plan, 2,663,900
through a public offering in the first quarter and 9,411,763 to Volendam in the
third quarter of 2000. As of March 31, 2001, the number of common shares issued
and outstanding was 54,167,811. During the three months ended March 31, 2001 we
issued 224,635 common shares under our Employee Share Purchase Plan and we
issued 14,450 common shares under our share option plans.
16. SEGMENTAL INFORMATION AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS
Our businesses are organized, managed and internally reported as
separate services and products segments which are reportable under SFAS No. 131,
Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. In 2000 we
made certain changes to the composition of our reportable segments and operated
through three subsidiary groups, Madge.connect, Madge.web and Red-M.
Madge.connect is a global supplier of Token Ring LAN product solutions for
mission-critical enterprise networks. Madge.web is a global supplier of rich
content applications, content distribution and managed network services. Red-M
is a pioneering developer of Bluetooth networking solutions that enable access
to a range of voice, video and data from a range of mobile devices. Segmental
information for 1998 and 1999 has been restated to reflect the new segment
composition. Our centralised services are reported under Corporate and other.
Lannet, Madge's ethernet division, was disposed of in the third quarter
of 1998 and is included as a reconciling item between the results reviewed by
the chief operating decision maker and the reported results in the tables below.
We are an integrated enterprise characterized by substantial
inter-segmental co-operation, cost allocation and inventory transfers.
Therefore, management does not represent that these segments, if operated
independently, would report the operating income and other financial information
shown.
BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
Year ended December 31, Connect Red-M Corporate Total Web Total
(in thousands) Products Products and Other Continuing Services Company
Operations
per
Financial
Statements
--------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
NET SALES
2000 $ 125,909 -- -- $ 125,909 $ 41,216 $ 167,125
1999 $ 166,677 -- -- $ 166,677 $ 29,475 $ 196,152
1998 $ 301,372 -- -- $ 301,372 -- $ 301,372
SPECIAL CHARGES
2000 $ 882 -- $ (3,500) $ (2,618) -- $ (2,618)
1999 $ (7,565) -- -- $ (7,565) -- $ (7,565)
1998 -- -- $ (34,837) $ (34,837) -- $ (34,837)
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)
2000 $ 9,006 $ (12,079) $ 1,777 $ (1,296) $(107,662) $(108,958)
1999 $ (6,297) -- $ (662) $ (6,959) $ (34,611) $ (41,570)
1998 $ 11,960 -- $ 31,797 $ 43,757 $ (2,895) $ 40,862
LONG-LIFE ASSETS
2000 $ 17,135 $ 463 $ 5,912 $ 23,510 $ 4,208 $ 27,718
1999 $ 32,724 -- $ 8,382 $ 41,106 $ 55,804 $ 96,910
1998 $ 20,626 -- $ 5,589 $ 26,215 -- $ 26,215
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Year ended December 31, Connect Red-M Corporate Total Web Total
(in thousands) Products Products and Other Continuing Services Company
Operations
per
Financial
Statements
--------- --------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION
2000 $ 13,880 $ 30 $ 1,876 $ 15,786 $ 13,526 $ 29,312
1999 $ 8,815 -- $ 1,096 $ 9,911 $ 7,828 $ 17,739
1998 $ 21,603 -- $ 627 $ 22,230 -- $ 22,230
ADDITIONS TO LONG-LIFE ASSETS
2000 $ 205 $ 903 $ 494 $ 1,602 $ 47,048 $ 48,650
1999 $ 24,722 -- $ 4,352 $ 29,074 $ 55,805 $ 84,879
1998 $ 11,861 -- $ 1,301 $ 13,162 -- $ 13,162
The above table is based on management estimates and includes
differences to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, including
estimates of costs and allocation of overheads between divisions. Net sales and
operating loss from discontinued operations for 2000 includes approximately
$10,584 and $32,133, respectively, for the period January 1, 2001 to April 27,
2001.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Information in the table below is presented on the basis required by
SFAS No. 131. We are internally managed by service and product business units,
not by geographical area as represented in the table below:
NET SALES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS:
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- ----------
United Kingdom sales $ 33,796 $ 24,616 $ 22,805
United Kingdom intra-group sales 128,835 81,102 68,950
Germany sales 52,349 44,148 $ 34,833
Germany intra-group sales -- 2,107 2,951
Rest of Europe Sales 47,564 35,338 $ 17,848
Rest of Europe Intra-group sales 16,635 3,939 1,192
Americas sales 101,631 48,324 $ 41,566
Americas intra-group sales 13,790 17,746 7,327
Israeli sales - domestic 3,152 -- --
Israeli sales - export 55,379 -- --
Israeli intra-group sales 384 -- --
Rest of World sales 7,501 14,251 8,857
Rest of World intra-group sales 3,483 2,557 1,134
Eliminations (163,127) (107,451) (81,554)
---------- ---------- ----------
Total $ 301,372 $ 166,677 $ 125,909
========== ========== ==========
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105
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS:
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- --------
United Kingdom operations $ 10,225 $ (6,310) $ (3,344)
Germany operations 1,219 560 300
Rest of Europe operations 1,121 (1,316) 4,267
Americas operations (6,317) (16,341) (4,628)
Israeli operations (15,027) -- --
Rest of World 52,536 16,448 2,109
-------- -------- --------
Total $ 43,757 $ (6,959) $ (1,296)
======== ======== ========
TOTAL ASSETS:
As of December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- ----------
Continuing operations:
United Kingdom operations $ 60,245 $ 104,532 $ 63,974
Germany operations 7,287 1,125 403
Rest of Europe operations 9,451 8,647 18,951
Americas operations 66,860 26,837 6,005
Israeli operations -- -- --
Rest of World 80,848 (16,175) (2,478)
Discontinued operations 301 67,532 17,484
---------- ---------- ----------
Total $ 224,992 $ 192,498 $ 104,339
========== ========== ==========
17. STOCK-BASED BENEFIT PLANS
We have reserved a total of 14,500,000 common shares, 500,000 common
shares and 3,600,000 common shares for issuance under our 1993 Stock Plan and
1993 Directors' Stock Option Plan (collectively the "Plans"), and 1993 Employee
Share Purchase Plan, respectively.
As of December 31, 2000, options to purchase 4,851,367 common shares
were outstanding under the Plans of which options for 2,646,296 common shares
were exercisable, with expiration dates ranging from January 21, 2001 to October
16, 2010. An additional 3,807,911 common shares were available for grant under
the Plans. Through December 31, 2000 6,340,722 common shares had been issued
upon exercise of options under the Option Plans. Each outstanding option at
December 31, 2000 entitled the holder to purchase one common share at an
exercise price of between $1.625 and $27.875. Share options are generally
granted with an expiration date of seven to ten years from the date of grant and
vesting normally occurs over a four-year service period.
As of December 31, 2000, we had issued 3,147,577 common shares and had
452,423 common shares available for future grant under our 1993 Stock Employee
Share Purchase Plan.
We grant stock options for a fixed number of shares to employees with
an exercise price equal to the fair value of the shares at the date of grant. We
account for stock option grants in accordance with Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and accordingly,
recognize no compensation expense for stock option grants. We have an Employee
Stock Purchase Plan under which eligible employees may designate up to 10% of
their cash compensation to be deducted each pay period for the purchase of
common shares. Twice each year, common shares are purchased with the employees'
payroll deductions for the previous six months at a price per share of 85% of
the lesser of the market price of the common shares on the purchase date or the
market price on the first day of the offering period. We recognize compensation
expense for the 15% discount from market price and recorded expense of $203,000
in 2000 (1999-$188,000, 1998 - $1,442,000).
Share option activity under the Plans and the predecessor plans for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2000, was as follows:
F-26
106
OPTION EXERCISE PRICE
Weighted
avg.
$0.000 - $3.625 - $6.250 - exercise
$3.625 $6.250 $35.8125 Total price
------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding January 1, 1998 267,364 1,250,790 6,170,693 7,688,847 $ 6.98
Granted -- -- -- 3,690,667 4.94
Exercised -- -- -- (226,851) 3.24
Canceled -- -- -- (5,078,105) 7.25
--------- --------- --------- ---------- --------
Outstanding December 31, 1998 942,748 2,380,671 2,751,139 6,074,558 $ 5.66
Granted -- -- -- 2,659,302 3.12
Exercised -- -- -- (164,199) 3.20
Canceled -- -- -- (2,164,595) 5.63
--------- --------- --------- ---------- --------
Outstanding December 31, 1999 2,813,707 2,134,874 1,456,485 6,405,066 $ 4.69
Granted -- -- -- 1,158,050 4.87
Exercised -- -- -- (729,316) 5.59
Canceled -- -- -- (1,982,433) 4.43
--------- --------- --------- ---------- --------
Outstanding December 31, 2000 1,625,273 2,407,563 818,531 4,851,367 $ 4.71
========= ========= ========= ========== ========
Weighted average remaining life 7.58 years 7.18 years 4.43 years 6.85 years
Exercisable at December 31, 2000 813,686 1,217,786 614,824 2,646,296
Weighted average exercise price of
options exercisable $3.17 $5.19 $7.23 $5.04
Companies that apply APB No. 25 are required to disclose pro forma net
income and pro forma earnings per share calculated as if the measurement
provisions of SFAS No. 123 had been adopted in their entirety. The pro forma
disclosures include the effects of all awards granted in fiscal years 1998, 1999
and 2000. In management's opinion, existing stock option valuation models do not
provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of employee stock options
because such models were developed for traded options that have no vesting
provisions and are fully transferable. In addition, stock option pricing models
require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected
future stock price volatility.
The fair value of options at the date of grant estimated using the
Black-Scholes multiple option model contained the following weighted average
ten-year assumptions:
F-27
107
----------------------------------
Year ended December 31, 1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- --------
Expected option term from vest date 3 months 3 months 8 months
Risk free interest rate 4.83% 6.62% 5.02%
Volatility 60% 70% 89%
Dividend yield 0 0 0
Using the assumptions listed above, share based compensation costs
reduced our income or increased the loss on a pro forma basis to those shown
below:
Continuing operations:
------------------------------------------
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- ----------
Reported income (loss) before income taxes $ 47,029 $ (4,764) $ (2,006)
Pro forma compensation expense from stock options 8,044 3,966 2,225
Pro forma provision (benefit) for income tax 2,522 846 196
---------- ---------- ----------
Pro forma net income (loss) $ 36,463 $ (9,576) $ (4,427)
========== ========== ==========
Pro forma net income (loss) per share $ 0.82 $ (0.24) $ (0.09)
Discontinued operations:
------------------------------------------
Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- ----------
Reported loss before income taxes $ (2,895) $ (34,611) $ (107,662)
Loss on disposal of discontinued business -- -- $ (41,680)
Pro forma compensation expense from stock options -- -- 946
---------- ---------- ----------
Pro forma net loss $ (2,895) $ (34,611) $ (150,288)
========== ========== ==========
Pro forma net loss per share $ (0.06) $ (0.86) $ (3.22)
========== ========== ==========
Based on the above methodology, the per-share weighted-average fair
value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
was $2.71, $1.84 and $2.88, respectively.
18. PENSION PLANS
We contribute to defined contribution pension plans for the benefit of
employees in the United Kingdom. Contributions to the plans are based on
employees' salaries. The rate of contribution has been consistent throughout the
periods presented. The assets of these plans are held separately from those of
Madge in independently administered funds. Contributions are expensed as they
become payable. We also maintain a 401(k) retirement savings plan for our
full-time U.S. employees. Each participant of the United Kingdom plan may elect
to contribute from 1% to 6% of his or her annual compensation to the plan, and
we match the employees' compensation up to 6% of the employees' annual
compensation. A participant of the U.S. plan may elect to contribute from 1% to
10% of their annual compensation and we match 50% of the employees' contribution
to a maximum of 3% of the employee's annual compensation.
F-28
108
The amount of contributions expensed by us under these pension plans
was $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2000 (1999 - $1.5 million, 1998
- - $1.3 million).
19. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISKS
Potential concentrations of credit risk to Madge consist principally of
trade receivables.
We sell our products and services to customers in diversified
industries worldwide and perform on-going credit evaluations of our customers'
financial condition and generally require no collateral. Allowances for
potential credit losses are maintained and actual credit losses have been within
management's expectation.
We deposit cash surpluses only with high credit quality banks and
institutions. At December 31, 2000 approximately $27.8 million of cash and cash
equivalents was held in bank deposits.
We typically purchase or sell foreign currencies forward one month to
hedge expected currency exposure. As at December 31, 2000 no forward foreign
exchange contracts were outstanding.
20. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time Madge and our subsidiaries are involved in disputes
relating to claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of
business, which disputes may well increase as a result of the financial
difficulties and possible liquidation of Madge.web. Among other things, such
claims may relate to allegations of patent infringement, employment-related
claims, product warranty claims and service claims. If the judgment in the class
action litigation filed in the United States District for the Northern District
of California in August 1996 were to be successfully appealed by the plaintiffs
or the claim made by Terastor against us in September 2000 in the Superior Court
of California in the County of Santa Clara were to be decided against us and
they were awarded significant damage relief, our results of operations and
financial position would be materially adversely affected.
21. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Investment in Red-M
On April 12, 2001, we secured additional funding for Red-M from outside
investors (the "Red-M Investors"). Madge received $8.65 million in exchange for
some of our shares in Red-M and the investors also invested a further $21.3
million directly into the Red-M business in exchange for additional shares being
issued. As a result of the funding transactions, as of May 1, 2001, we held
49.6% of the voting rights and 41.6% of the equity in Red-M, the Red-M Investors
held 49.6% and 57.8% of the voting and equity, respectively, and the management
of Red-M held the balance. The Red-M Investors acquired both voting and
non-voting shares. The Red-M Investors have the right to convert their
non-voting shares into voting shares, thereby probably acquiring voting control
of Red-M, upon the occurrence of certain events, including Red-M failing to meet
certain revenue and profit targets, Red-M going into liquidation or
administration, a change of control of Madge Networks N.V. or its liquidation or
administration and the Madge group of companies competing with Red-M. The
employees of Red-M have also been offered an opportunity to purchase shares in
Red-M. The effect of all these events, together with the fact that all shares
issued have certain tag-along, rights of first refusal and pre-emptive rights
attached to them and that we, Red-M and the Red-M Investors are seeking further
funding from strategic trade investors, mean that
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our shareholding in Red-M will likely be further diluted over time. There are
also certain events, such as the liquidation of Madge Networks N.V. or a change
of control of Madge Networks NV., in which we would be required to sell our
shares in Red-M to the Red-M Investors, under certain circumstances at a
discount to the value at that time.
We do not have control of the Red-M Board or its operations. Of the
seven members of the new Red-M board of directors, we have designated two, the
Red-M Investors have also designated two, two directors will be independent
non-executives nominated by all parties and the chief executive officer of Red-M
is the remaining director. It is possible that additional investors in Red-M may
also require board representation. In addition, although certain of the officers
of Red-M were formerly employed by Madge, their employment arrangements with
Madge have terminated as their employment was transferred to Red-M.
Since April 12, 2000 Red-M is no longer a subsidiary of the Madge group
but is classified as an associated company and we will no longer consolidate the
results of Red-M in the accounts of Madge Networks. In accordance with U.S.
GAAP, we will account for Red-M under the equity method and we will recognize
only our allocable percentage of Red-M's net income or loss on our income
statement based upon our holding of the ordinary shares in Red-M, which is
currently 100%. We will receive cash only if Red-M pays a cash dividend or makes
a distribution to its shareholders. Because Red-M is a start-up venture with
minimal revenues and projected net losses, we expect the carrying value of our
investment on our balance sheet to decrease.
Madge.web Limited in Administration, Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd in Interim Judicial
Management and Madge.web B.V. placed in Insolvent Liquidation.
On April 27, 2001, May 15, 2001 and June 12, 2001 respectively,
Madge.web Limited, Madge SE Asia Pte Ltd and Madge.web B.V. were placed into
Administration, Interim Judicial Management and insolvent liquidation,
respectively. See Note 2 above for more details.
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Schedule II
MADGE NETWORKS N.V.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(IN THOUSANDS)
Additions
Description Balance at Charged to Charged to Deductions Balance at
beginning costs and other end of
of period expenses accounts(a) period
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
Allowance for doubtful accounts 6,264 6,597 (865) (9,392) 2,604
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
Allowance for doubtful accounts 2,604 3,081 695 (2,841) 3,539
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000 3,539 2,253 (226) (4,236) 1,330
Allowance for doubtful accounts
(a) Currency translation adjustments
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ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. Exhibit
1. Articles of Incorporation of Registrant dated September 11,
2000.
2. Not applicable.
3.(i) Agreement between Cansolt Trustees Limited, as Trustees of a
Settlement under a Deed dated March 8, 1990, and Hartland
Holdings Limited pursuant to Rule 13d-1(k)(1)(iii) under
Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, incorporated
by reference Exhibit 2 to Robert Madge's Schedule 13D Report
filed on August 4, 2000.
3.(ii) Agreement between Cansolt Trustees Limited, as Trustees of a
Settlement under a Declaration of Trust dated June 7, 1993 and
Volendam Investeringen N.V. pursuant to Rule 13d-1(k)(1)(iii)
under Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
incorporated by reference Exhibit 3 to Robert Madge's Schedule
13D Report filed on August 4, 2000.
3.(iii) Agreement between Cansolt Trustees Limited, as Trustees of a
Settlement under a Deed dated March 8, 1990, Hartland Holdings
Limited and Landhart Investments N.V. pursuant to Rule
13d-1(k)(1)(iii) under Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, incorporated by reference Exhibit 4 to Robert Madge's
Schedule 13D Report filed on August 4, 2000.
4.(a)(i) *Patent License Agreement dated as of July 1, 1999, between
Registrant and International Business Machines Corporation.
4.(a)(ii) Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of assets dated as of
August 31, 1999 between Registrant and Olicom A/S
4.(a)(iii) Receivables Financing Agreement dated as of October 1, 1999,
between Madge Networks Limited and GE Capital Commercial
Finance Limited
4.(a)(iv) Addendum to Manufacturing and Supply Agreement as of December
21, 1999, between Registrant and Celestica Ireland Limited
4.(a)(v) Guarantee given by Registrant on various finance leases
entered into by Madge.web Limited and Hewlett Packard
International Bank Limited dated October 14, 1999.
4.(a)(vi) *Master Agreement dated as of April 12, 2000, between
Madge.connect Holdings B.V. and Vital Network Services LLC
4.(a)(vii) Loan Agreement dated as of July 26, 2000, between Madge.web
N.V. and Volendam Investeringen N.V. incorporated by reference
Exhibit 5 to Robert Madge's Schedule 13D Report filed on
August 4, 2000.
4.(a)(viii) Share Purchase Agreement dated as of July 26, 2000, between
Registrant and Volendam Investeringen N.V. incorporated by
reference Exhibit 6 to Robert Madge's Schedule 13D Report
filed on August 4, 2000.
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4.(a)(ix) Registration Rights Agreement dated as of July 26, 2000,
between Registrant and Volendam Investeringen N.V.
incorporated by reference Exhibit 7 to Robert Madge's Schedule
13D Report filed on August 4, 2000.
4.(a)(x) Subscription Agreement dated as of July 26, 2000, between
Madge.web N.V. and Volendam Investeringen N.V. incorporated by
reference Exhibit 8 to Robert Madge's Schedule 13D Report
filed on August 4, 2000.
4.(a)(xi) Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of September 29, 2000,
between Madge Networks (New Jersey), Inc. and YorkTel
Acquisition Corporation.
4.(a)(xii) Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of September 29, 2000,
between Madge Networks (New Jersey), Inc. and Freedom Vertical
Technologies Inc.
4.(a)(xiii) Share Purchase and Registration Rights Agreement dated as of
March 28, 2001, between Registrant and Inktomi Corporation.
4.(a)(xiv) *Investment Agreement dated as of April 12, 2001, between
Registrant, Red-M (Communications) Limited, Michael Wilson &
Others, Apax Funds and Amadeus Funds.
4.(a)(xv) Articles of Incorporation of Red-M (Communications) Limited as
at April 12, 2001
4.(a)(xvi) Funding Agreement dated as of April 27, 2001 between
Registrant and PricewaterhouseCoopers
4.(c)(i) Employment Contract for Christopher Bradley
4.(c)(ii) Indemnification Agreements between Registrant and the
following:
- Christopher Bradley
- Michael Fischer
- Alex Vieux
* Confidential treatment is being requested for portions of this Exhibit.
We have not included as exhibits agreements listed in Item 10 - Material
Contracts, that relate solely to Madge.web as this business is in the process of
being discontinued. Nor have we included any agreements that relate solely to
Red-M as this is now an associated company of the Madge group.
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