Exhibit 99.1

                              LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

                             To Tender for Exchange

                          9 5/8% Senior Notes due 2011

                                       of

                         TOWN SPORTS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

                 Pursuant to the Prospectus Dated        , 2003

       THE EXCHANGE OFFER AND WITHDRAWAL RIGHTS WILL EXPIRE AT 5:00 P.M.,
               NEW YORK CITY TIME, ON      , 2003 UNLESS EXTENDED
                            (THE "EXPIRATION DATE").

                 PLEASE READ CAREFULLY THE ATTACHED INSTRUCTIONS

      If you desire to accept the Exchange Offer, this Letter of Transmittal
should be completed, signed, and submitted to the Exchange Agent:


                                                   
      By Registered or Certified Mail or
              Overnight Courier                            By Hand Delivery


             The Bank of New York                        The Bank of New York
          Corporate Trust Operations                  Corporate Trust Operations
          101 Barclay Street, 7 East                  101 Barclay Street, 7 East
           New York, New York 10286                    New York, New York 10286


                                  By Facsimile:
                                 (212) 298-1915
                             Attn: Customer Service

                              Confirm by telephone:
                                  212-815-6331

Delivery of this Letter of Transmittal to an address other than as set forth
above will not constitute a valid delivery.

For any questions regarding this Letter of Transmittal or for any additional
information, you may contact the exchange agent by telephone at 212-815-8445 or
by facsimile at 212-815-3272.

      The undersigned hereby acknowledges receipt of the Prospectus dated , 2003
(the "Prospectus") of Town Sports International, Inc., a New York corporation
(the "Issuer"), and this Letter of Transmittal (the "Letter of Transmittal"),
that together constitute the Issuer's offer (the "Exchange Offer") to exchange
$1,000 in principal amount of its 9 5/8% Senior Exchange Notes due 2011 (the
"Exchange Notes"), which have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the "Securities Act"), pursuant to a Registration Statement, for
each $1,000 in


principal amount of its outstanding 95/8% Senior Notes due 2011 (the "Notes"),
of which $255,000,000 aggregate principal amount is outstanding. Capitalized
terms used but not defined herein have the meanings ascribed to them in the
Prospectus.

      The undersigned hereby tenders the Notes described in Box 1 below (the
"Tendered Notes") pursuant to the terms and conditions described in the
Prospectus and this Letter of Transmittal. The undersigned is the registered
owner of all the Tendered Notes and the undersigned represents that it has
received from each beneficial owner of the Tendered Notes ("Beneficial Owners")
a duly completed and executed form of "Instruction to Registered Holder and/or
Book-Entry Transfer Facility Participant from Beneficial Owner" accompanying
this Letter of Transmittal, instructing the undersigned to take the action
described in this Letter of Transmittal.

      Subject to, and effective upon, the acceptance for exchange of the
Tendered Notes, the undersigned hereby exchanges, assigns, and transfers to, or
upon the order of, the Issuer, all right, title, and interest in, to, and under
the Tendered Notes.

      Please issue the Exchange Notes exchanged for Tendered Notes in the
name(s) of the undersigned. Similarly, unless otherwise indicated under "Special
Delivery Instructions" below (Box 3), please send or cause to be sent the
certificates for the Exchange Notes (and accompanying documents, as appropriate)
to the undersigned at the address shown below in Box 1.

      The undersigned hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Exchange
Agent as the true and lawful agent and attorney in fact of the undersigned with
respect to the Tendered Notes, with full power of substitution (such power of
attorney being deemed to be an irrevocable power coupled with an interest), to
(i) deliver the Tendered Notes to the Issuer or cause ownership of the Tendered
Notes to be transferred to, or upon the order of, the Issuer, on the books of
the registrar for the Notes and deliver all accompanying evidences of transfer
and authenticity to, or upon the order of, the Issuer upon receipt by the
Exchange Agent, as the undersigned's agent, of the Exchange Notes to which the
undersigned is entitled upon acceptance by the Issuer of the Tendered Notes
pursuant to the Exchange Offer, and (ii) receive all benefits and otherwise
exercise all rights of beneficial ownership of the Tendered Notes, all in
accordance with the terms of the Exchange Offer.

      The undersigned acknowledges that tenders of Notes pursuant to the
procedures described under the caption "The Exchange Offer" in the Prospectus
and in the instructions hereto will constitute a binding agreement between the
undersigned and the Issuer upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the
Exchange Offer, subject only to withdrawal of such tenders on the terms set
forth in the Prospectus under the caption "The Exchange Offer-Withdrawal of
Tender." All authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred shall survive
the death or incapacity of the undersigned and any Beneficial Owner(s), and
every obligation of the undersigned or any Beneficial Owners hereunder shall be
binding upon the heirs, representatives, successors, and assigns of the
undersigned and such Beneficial Owner(s).

      The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has
full power and authority to tender, exchange, assign, and transfer the Tendered
Notes and that the Issuer will

                                       2

acquire good and unencumbered title thereto, free and clear of all liens,
restrictions, charges, encumbrances, and adverse claims when the Tendered Notes
are acquired by the Issuer as contemplated herein. The undersigned and each
Beneficial Owner will, upon request, execute and deliver any additional
documents reasonably requested by the Issuer or the Exchange Agent as necessary
or desirable to complete and give effect to the transactions contemplated
hereby.

      The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the information set
forth in Box 2 is true and correct.

      By accepting the Exchange Offer, the undersigned hereby represents and
warrants that (i) the Exchange Notes to be acquired by the undersigned and any
Beneficial Owner(s) in connection with the Exchange Offer are being acquired by
the undersigned and any Beneficial Owner(s) in the ordinary course of business
of the undersigned and any Beneficial Owner(s), (ii) the undersigned and each
Beneficial Owner are not participating, do not intend to participate, and have
no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate, in the
distribution of the Exchange Notes, (iii) except as otherwise disclosed in
writing herewith, neither the undersigned nor any Beneficial Owner is an
"affiliate," as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, of the Issuer, and
(iv) the undersigned and each Beneficial Owner acknowledge and agree that any
person participating in the Exchange Offer with the intention or for the purpose
of distributing the Exchange Notes must comply with the registration and
prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the "Securities
Act"), in connection with a secondary resale of the Exchange Notes acquired by
such person and cannot rely on the position of the Staff of the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "Commission") set forth in the no-action letters that
are discussed in the section of the Prospectus entitled "The Exchange Offer."

      In addition, by accepting the Exchange Offer, the undersigned hereby (i)
represents and warrants that, if the undersigned or any Beneficial Owner of the
Notes is a broker-dealer, such broker-dealer acquired the Notes for its own
account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities and
has not entered into any arrangement or understanding with the Issuer or any
"affiliate" of the Issuer (within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities
Act) to distribute the Exchange Notes to be received in the Exchange Offer, and
(ii) acknowledges that, by receiving Exchange Notes for its own account in
exchange for Notes, where such Notes were acquired as a result of market-making
activities or other trading activities, such broker-dealer will deliver a
prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any
resale of such Exchange Notes; however, by so acknowledging and by delivering a
prospectus, the undersigned will not be deemed to admit that it is an
"underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act.

[ ]   CHECK HERE IF TENDERED NOTES ARE BEING DELIVERED HEREWITH.

[ ]   CHECK HERE IF TENDERED NOTES ARE BEING DELIVERED PURSUANT TO A NOTICE
      OF GUARANTEED DELIVERY PREVIOUSLY DELIVERED TO THE EXCHANGE AGENT AND
      COMPLETE "Use of Guaranteed Delivery" BELOW (Box 4).


                                       3

[ ]   CHECK HERE IF TENDERED NOTES ARE BEING DELIVERED BY BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER
      MADE TO THE ACCOUNT MAINTAINED BY THE EXCHANGE AGENT WITH THE BOOK-ENTRY
      TRANSFER FACILITY AND COMPLETE "Use of Book-Entry Transfer" BELOW (Box 5).

                  PLEASE READ THIS ENTIRE LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
                      CAREFULLY BEFORE COMPLETING THE BOXES

                                      BOX 1
                          DESCRIPTION OF NOTES TENDERED
                 (attach additional signed pages, if necessary)



    NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) OF
    REGISTERED NOTE HOLDER(S),                               AGGREGATE
 EXACTLY AS NAME(S) APPEAR(S) ON                          PRINCIPAL AMOUNT        AGGREGATE            AGGREGATE
       NOTE CERTIFICATE(S)              CERTIFICATE        REPRESENTED BY     PRINCIPAL AMOUNT      CERTIFICATE(S)
    (PLEASE FILL IN, IF BLANK)      NUMBER(S) OF NOTES*     CERTIFICATES          TENDERED            TENDERED**
                                                                                        

- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     TOTAL
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


*     Need not be completed by persons tendering by book-entry transfer.

**    The minimum permitted tender is $1,000 in principal amount of Notes. All
      other tenders must be in integral multiples of $1,000 of principal amount.
      Unless otherwise indicated in this column, the principal amount of all
      Note Certificates identified in this Box 1 or delivered to the Exchange
      Agent herewith shall be deemed tendered. See Instruction 4.

                                      BOX 2
                               BENEFICIAL OWNER(S)



 STATE OF PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE OF EACH BENEFICIAL      PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF TENDERED NOTES HELD FOR
            OWNER OF TENDERED NOTES                             ACCOUNT OF BENEFICIAL OWNER
                                                   

- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       4

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                      BOX 3

                          SPECIAL DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS
                          (See Instructions 5, 6 and 7)

TO BE COMPLETED ONLY IF EXCHANGE NOTES EXCHANGED FOR NOTES AND UNTENDERED NOTES
ARE TO BE SENT TO SOMEONE OTHER THAN THE UNDERSIGNED, OR TO THE UNDERSIGNED AT
AN ADDRESS OTHER THAN THAT SHOWN ABOVE.

Mail Exchange Note(s) and any untendered Notes to:
Name(s):

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(please print)

Address:

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(include zip code)

Tax Identification or Social Security No.:

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                      BOX 4

                           USE OF GUARANTEED DELIVERY
                               (See Instruction 2)

TO BE COMPLETED ONLY IF NOTES ARE BEING TENDERED BY MEANS OF A NOTICE OF
GUARANTEED DELIVERY.

Name(s) of Registered Holder(s):

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Date of Execution of Notice of Guaranteed Delivery:

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name of Institution which Guaranteed Delivery:

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                                       5

                                      BOX 5

                           USE OF BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER
                               (See Instruction 1)

TO BE COMPLETED ONLY IF DELIVERY OF TENDERED NOTES IS TO BE MADE BY BOOK-ENTRY
TRANSFER.

Name of Tendering Institution:

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Account Number:

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Transaction Code Number:

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------



                                      BOX 6

                           TENDERING HOLDER SIGNATURE
                           (See Instructions 1 and 5)
                    IN ADDITION, COMPLETE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

X

- - ------------------------------------------------------
X

- - ------------------------------------------------------
(SIGNATURE OF REGISTERED HOLDER(S) OR AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY)

Note: The above lines must be signed by the registered holder(s) of Notes as
their name(s) appear(s) on the Notes or by persons(s) authorized to become
registered holder(s) (evidence of which authorization must be transmitted with
this Letter of Transmittal). If signature is by a trustee, executor,
administrator, guardian, attorney-in-fact, officer, or other person acting in a
fiduciary or representative capacity, such person must set forth his or her full
title below. See Instruction 5.

Name(s):

- - ------------------------------------------------------

- - ------------------------------------------------------

Capacity:

- - ------------------------------------------------------

- - ------------------------------------------------------

Street Address:

- - ------------------------------------------------------

- - ------------------------------------------------------

                                       6

- - ------------------------------------------------------
(Include Zip Code)

Area Code and Telephone Number

- - ------------------------------------------------------
Tax Identification or Social Security Number:

- - ------------------------------------------------------

Signature Guarantee
(If required by Instruction 5)

Authorized Signature

X
- - ------------------------------------------------------

Name:

- - ------------------------------------------------------
(PLEASE PRINT)

Title:

- - ------------------------------------------------------

Name of Firm:

- - ------------------------------------------------------
(must be an Eligible Institution as defined in Instruction 2)

Address:

- - ------------------------------------------------------

- - ------------------------------------------------------

- - ------------------------------------------------------
(Include Zip Code)

Area Code and Telephone Number

- - ------------------------------------------------------

Dated:

- - ------------------------------------------------------




                                       7

                                      BOX 7
                              BROKER-DEALER STATUS

[ ]   Check this box if the Beneficial Owner of the Notes is a Participating
      Broker-Dealer and such Participating Broker-Dealer acquired the Notes for
      its own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading
      activities.

PAYOR'S NAME:  TOWN SPORTS INTERNATIONAL, INC.


SUBSTITUTE

FORM W-9

DEPARTMENT OF THE
TREASURY

INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE


Name (if joint names, list first and circle the name of the person or entity
whose number you enter in Part 1 below. See instructions if your name has
changed.)

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Address

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
City, State and ZIP Code

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List account number(s) here (optional)

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART 1 -- PLEASE PROVIDE YOUR TAXPAYER                   Social Security
IDENTIFICATION TREASURY NUMBER ("TIN") IN THE BOX         Number or TIN
AT RIGHT AND CERTIFY BY SIGNING AND DATING BELOW

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART 2 -- Check the box if you are NOT subject to backup withholding under the
provisions of section 3406(a)(1)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code because (1) you
have not been notified that you are subject to backup withholding as a result of
failure to report all interest or dividends or (2) the Internal Revenue Service
has notified you that you are no longer subject to backup withholding. [ ]

- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CERTIFICATION -- UNDER THE PENALTIES OF PERJURY, I       PART 3 --
CERTIFY THAT THE INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS FORM
IS TRUE, CORRECT AND COMPLETE.                        Awaiting TIN [ ]

SIGNATURE                                             DATE

- - --------------------------------------------------  - --------------------


NOTE: FAILURE TO COMPLETE AND RETURN THIS FORM MAY RESULT IN BACKUP WITHHOLDING
      OF 30% OF ANY PAYMENTS MADE TO YOU PURSUANT TO THE EXCHANGE OFFER. PLEASE
      REVIEW THE ENCLOSED GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER
      IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS.


                                       8

                      INSTRUCTIONS TO LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

                    FORMING PART OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS
                              OF THE EXCHANGE OFFER

      1. DELIVERY OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND NOTES. A properly completed
and duly executed copy of this Letter of Transmittal, including Substitute Form
W-9, and any other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal must be
received by the Exchange Agent at its address set forth herein, and either
certificates for Tendered Notes must be received by the Exchange Agent at its
address set forth herein or such Tendered Notes must be transferred pursuant to
the procedures for book-entry transfer described in the Prospectus under the
caption "Exchange Offer -- Book-Entry Transfer" (and a confirmation of such
transfer received by the Exchange Agent), in each case prior to 5:00 p.m., New
York City time, on the Expiration Date. The method of delivery of certificates
for Tendered Notes, this Letter of Transmittal and all other required documents
to the Exchange Agent is at the election and risk of the tendering holder and
the delivery will be deemed made only when actually received by the Exchange
Agent. If delivery is by mail, registered mail with return receipt requested,
properly insured, is recommended. Instead of delivery by mail, it is recommended
that the Holder use an overnight or hand delivery service. In all cases,
sufficient time should be allowed to assure timely delivery. No Letter of
Transmittal or Notes should be sent to the Issuer. Neither the Issuer nor the
registrar is under any obligation to notify any tendering holder of the Issuer's
acceptance of Tendered Notes prior to the closing of the Exchange Offer.

      2. GUARANTEED DELIVERY PROCEDURES. Holders who wish to tender their Notes
but whose Notes are not immediately available, and who cannot deliver their
Notes, this Letter of Transmittal or any other documents required hereby to the
Exchange Agent prior to the Expiration Date must tender their Notes according to
the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth below, including completion of Box
4. Pursuant to such procedures: (i) such tender must be made by or through a
firm which is a member of a recognized Medallion Program approved by the
Securities Transfer Association Inc. (an "Eligible Institution") and the Notice
of Guaranteed Delivery must be signed by the holder; (ii) prior to the
Expiration Date, the Exchange Agent must have received from the holder and the
Eligible Institution a properly completed and duly executed Notice of Guaranteed
Delivery (by mail or hand delivery) setting forth the name and address of the
holder, the certificate number(s) of the Tendered Notes and the principal amount
of Tendered Notes, stating that the tender is being made thereby and
guaranteeing that, within five New York Stock Exchange trading days after the
Expiration Date, this Letter of Transmittal together with the certificate(s)
representing the Notes and any other required documents will be deposited by the
Eligible Institution with the Exchange Agent; and (iii) such properly completed
and executed Letter of Transmittal, as well as all other documents required by
this Letter of Transmittal and the certificate(s) representing all Tendered
Notes in proper form for transfer, must be received by the Exchange Agent within
five New York Stock Exchange trading days after the Expiration Date. Any holder
who wishes to tender Notes pursuant to the guaranteed delivery procedures
described above must ensure that the Exchange Agent receives the Notice of
Guaranteed Delivery relating to such Notes prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City
time, on the Expiration Date. Failure to complete the guaranteed delivery
procedures outlined above will not, of itself, affect the validity or effect a
revocation of any Letter of Transmittal form properly


                                       9

completed and executed by an Eligible Holder who attempted to use the guaranteed
delivery process.

      3. BENEFICIAL OWNER INSTRUCTIONS TO REGISTERED HOLDERS. Only a holder in
whose name Tendered Notes are registered on the books of the registrar (or the
legal representative or attorney-in-fact of such registered holder) may execute
and deliver this Letter of Transmittal. Any Beneficial Owner of Tendered Notes
who is not the registered holder must arrange promptly with the registered
holder to execute and deliver this Letter of Transmittal on his or her behalf
through the execution and delivery to the registered holder of the Instructions
to Registered Holder and/or Book-Entry Transfer Facility Participant from
Beneficial Owner form accompanying this Letter of Transmittal.

      4. PARTIAL TENDERS. Tenders of Notes will be accepted only in integral
multiples of $1,000 in principal amount. If less than the entire principal
amount of Notes held by the holder is tendered, the tendering holder should fill
in the principal amount tendered in the column labeled "Aggregate Principal
Amount Tendered" of the box entitled "Description of Notes Tendered" (Box 1)
above. The entire principal amount of Notes delivered to the Exchange Agent will
be deemed to have been tendered unless otherwise indicated. If the entire
principal amount of all Notes held by the holder is not tendered, then Notes for
the principal amount of Notes not tendered and Exchange Notes issued in exchange
for any Notes tendered and accepted will be sent to the Holder at his or her
registered address, unless a different address is provided in the appropriate
box on this Letter of Transmittal, as soon as practicable following the
Expiration Date.

      5. SIGNATURES ON THE LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL; BOND POWERS AND ENDORSEMENTS;
GUARANTEE OF SIGNATURES. If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the
registered holder(s) of the Tendered Notes, the signature must correspond with
the name(s) as written on the face of the Tendered Notes without alteration,
enlargement or any change whatsoever. If any of the Tendered Notes are owned of
record by two or more joint owners, all such owners must sign this Letter of
Transmittal.

      If any Tendered Notes are held in different names, it will be necessary to
complete, sign and submit as many separate copies of the Letter of Transmittal
as there are different names in which Tendered Notes are held.

      If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered holder(s) of
Tendered Notes, and Exchange Notes issued in exchange therefor are to be issued
(and any untendered principal amount of Notes is to be reissued) in the name of
the registered holder(s), then such registered holder(s) need not and should not
endorse any Tendered Notes, nor provide a separate bond power. In any other
case, such registered holder(s) must either properly endorse the Tendered Notes
or transmit a properly completed separate bond power with this Letter of
Transmittal, with the signature(s) on the endorsement or bond power guaranteed
by an Eligible Institution.

      If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by a person other than the
registered holder(s) of any Tendered Notes, such Tendered Notes must be endorsed
or accompanied by appropriate bond powers, in each case, signed as the name(s)
of the registered holder(s) appear(s) on the


                                       10

Tendered Notes, with the signature(s) on the endorsement or bond power
guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

      If this Letter of Transmittal or any Tendered Notes or bond powers are
signed by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact,
officers of corporations, or others acting in a fiduciary or representative
capacity, such persons should so indicate when signing and, unless waived by the
Issuer, evidence satisfactory to the Issuer of their authority to so act must be
submitted with this Letter of Transmittal.

      Endorsements on Tendered Notes or signatures on bond powers required by
this Instruction 5 must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

      Signatures on this Letter of Transmittal must be guaranteed by an Eligible
Institution unless the Tendered Notes are tendered (i) by a registered holder
who has not completed the box set forth herein entitled "Special Delivery
Instructions" (Box 3) or (ii) by an Eligible Institution.

      6. SPECIAL DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS. Tendering holders should indicate, in
the applicable box (Box 3), the name and address to which the Exchange Notes
and/or substitute Notes for principal amounts not tendered or not accepted for
exchange are to be sent, if different from the name and address of the person
signing this Letter of Transmittal. In the case of issuance in a different name,
the taxpayer identification or social security number of the person named must
also be indicated.

      7. TRANSFER TAXES. The Issuer will pay all transfer taxes, if any,
applicable to the exchange of Tendered Notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer. If,
however, a transfer tax is imposed for any reason other than the transfer and
exchange of Tendered Notes pursuant to the Exchange Offer, then the amount of
any such transfer taxes (whether imposed on the registered holder or on any
other person) will be payable by the tendering holder. If satisfactory evidence
of payment of such taxes or exemption therefrom is not submitted with this
Letter of Transmittal, the amount of such transfer taxes will be billed directly
to such tendering holder.

      Except as provided in this Instruction 7, it will not be necessary for
transfer tax stamps to be affixed to the Tendered Notes listed in this Letter of
Transmittal.

      8. TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBER. Federal income tax law requires that the
holder(s) of any Tendered Notes which are accepted for exchange must provide the
Issuer (as payor) with its correct taxpayer identification number ("TIN"),
which, in the case of a holder who is an individual, is his or her social
security number. If the Issuer is not provided with the correct TIN, the Holder
may be subject to backup withholding and a $50 penalty imposed by the Internal
Revenue Service. (If withholding results in an over-payment of taxes, a refund
may be obtained.) Certain holders (including, among others, all corporations and
certain foreign individuals) are not subject to these backup withholding and
reporting requirements. See the enclosed "Guidelines for Certification of
Taxpayer Identification Number on Substitute Form W-9" for additional
instructions.

      To prevent backup withholding, each holder of Tendered Notes must provide
such holder's correct TIN by completing the Substitute Form W-9 set forth
herein, certifying that the TIN provided is correct (or that such holder is
awaiting a TIN), and that (i) the holder has not


                                       11

been notified by the Internal Revenue Service that such holder is subject to
backup withholding as a result of failure to report all interest or dividends or
(ii) the Internal Revenue Service has notified the holder that such holder is no
longer subject to backup withholding. If the Tendered Notes are registered in
more than one name or are not in the name of the actual owner, consult the
"Guidelines for Certification of Taxpayer Identification Number on Substitute
Form W-9" for information on which TIN to report.

      The Issuer reserves the right in its sole discretion to take whatever
steps are necessary to comply with the Issuer's obligation regarding backup
withholding.

      9. VALIDITY OF TENDERS. All questions as to the validity, form,
eligibility (including time of receipt), acceptance and withdrawal of Tendered
Notes will be determined by the Issuer in its sole discretion, which
determination will be final and binding. The Issuer reserves the right to reject
any and all Notes not validly tendered or any Notes the Issuer's acceptance of
which would, in the opinion of the Issuer or their counsel, be unlawful. The
Issuer also reserves the right to waive any conditions of the Exchange Offer or
defects or irregularities in tenders of Notes as to any ineligibility of any
holder who seeks to tender Notes in the Exchange Offer. The interpretation of
the terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer (including this Letter of
Transmittal and the instructions hereto) by the Issuer shall be final and
binding on all parties. Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in
connection with tenders of Notes must be cured within such time as the Issuer
shall determine. Neither the Issuer, the Exchange Agent nor any other person
shall be under any duty to give notification of defects or irregularities with
respect to tenders of Notes, nor shall any of them incur any liability for
failure to give such notification. Tenders of Notes will not be deemed to have
been made until such defects or irregularities have been cured or waived. Any
Notes received by the Exchange Agent that are not properly tendered and as to
which the defects or irregularities have not been cured or waived will be
returned by the Exchange Agent to the tendering holders, unless otherwise
provided in this Letter of Transmittal, as soon as practicable following the
Expiration Date.

      10. WAIVER OF CONDITIONS. The Issuer reserves the absolute right to amend,
waive or modify any of the conditions in the Exchange Offer in the case of any
Tendered Notes.

      11. NO CONDITIONAL TENDER. No alternative, conditional, irregular, or
contingent tender of Notes or transmittal of this Letter of Transmittal will be
accepted.

      12. MUTILATED, LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED NOTES. Any tendering Holder whose
Notes have been mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed should contact the Exchange
Agent at the address indicated herein for further instructions.

      13. REQUESTS FOR ASSISTANCE OR ADDITIONAL COPIES. Questions and requests
for assistance and requests for additional copies of the Prospectus or this
Letter of Transmittal may be directed to the Exchange Agent at the address
indicated herein. Holders may also contact their broker, dealer, commercial
bank, trust company or other nominee for assistance concerning the Exchange
Offer.

      14. ACCEPTANCE OF TENDERED NOTES AND ISSUANCE OF NOTES; RETURN OF NOTES.
Subject to the terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer, the Issuer will
accept


                                       12

for exchange all validly tendered Notes as soon as practicable after the
Expiration Date and will issue Exchange Notes therefor as soon as practicable
thereafter. For purposes of the Exchange Offer, the Issuer shall be deemed to
have accepted tendered Notes when, as and if the Issuer has given written or
oral notice (immediately followed in writing) thereof to the Exchange Agent. If
any Tendered Notes are not exchanged pursuant to the Exchange Offer for any
reason, such unexchanged Notes will be returned, without expense, to the
undersigned at the address shown in Box 1 or at a different address as may be
indicated herein under "Special Delivery Instructions" (Box 3).

      15. WITHDRAWAL. Tenders may be withdrawn only pursuant to the procedures
set forth in the Prospectus under the caption "The Exchange Offer--Withdrawal of
Tender."




                                       13