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            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
 
    GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE
PAYER. -- Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens:
i.e. 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by
only one hyphen: i.e. 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number
to give the payer.
 
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     FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:             GIVE THE
                                           SOCIAL SECURITY
                                           NUMBER OF --

  1. An individual's account               The individual
  2. Two or more individuals (joint        The actual owner of the
     account)                              account or, if combined
                                           funds, any one of the
                                           individuals (1)
  3. Custodian and wife (joint account)    The actual owner of the
                                           account or, if joint funds,
                                           either person (1)
  4. Custodian account of a minor          The minor (2)
     (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)
  5. Adult and minor (joint account)       The adult or, if the minor
                                           is the only contributor,
                                           the minor (1)
  6. Account in the name of guardian or    The ward, minor, or
     committee for a designated ward,      incompetent person (3)
     minor, or incompetent person
  7. a The usual revocable savings trust   The grantor-trustee (1)
       account (grantor is also trustee)
     b So-called trust account that is     The actual owner (1)
     not a legal or valid trust under
       State law

     FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:             GIVE THE EMPLOYER
                                           IDENTIFICATION
                                           NUMBER OF --

  8. Sole proprietorship account           The Owner (4)
  9. A valid trust, estate, or pension     Legal entity (Do not
     trust                                 furnish the identifying
                                           number of the personal
                                           representative or trustee
                                           unless the legal entity
                                           itself is not designated in
                                           the account title.) (5)
 10. Corporate account                     The Corporation
 11. Religious, charitable, or             The organization
     educational organization account
 12. Partnership account held in the       The partnership
     name of the business
 13. Association, club, or other tax-      The organization
     exempt organization
 14. A broker or registered nominee        The broker or nominee
 15. Account with the Department of        The public entity
     Agriculture in the name of a public
     entity (such as a State or local
     government, school district, or
     prison) that receives agricultural
     program payments

 
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(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
person's social security number.
(4) Show the name of the owner.
(5) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.
 
NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be
      considered to be that of the first name listed.
 
OBTAINING A NUMBER
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number or you don't know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or Form
SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office of the
Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply for a
number.
 
PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include the
following:
- - A corporation.
- - A financial institution.
- - An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual
  retirement plan.
- - The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
- - A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any
  subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
- - A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
  agency or instrumentality thereof.
- - An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
- - A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S. or a
  possession of the U.S.
- - A real estate investment trust.
- - A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).
- - An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
  section 4947(a)(1).
- - An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
- - A foreign central bank of issue.
 
    Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to
backup withholding include the following:
- - Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
- - Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
  which have at least one nonresident partner.
- - Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
  money.
- - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- - Payments made to a nominee.
 
    Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
- - Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals.
 
NOTE: You may be subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more
and is paid in the course of the payer's trade or business and you have not
provided your correct taxpayer identification number to the payer.
- - Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt interest dividends under
  section 852).
- - Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
- - Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
- - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
- - Payments made to a nominee.
 
Exempt payees described above should file Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous
backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, AND RETURN IT TO
THE PAYER, IF THE PAYMENTS ARE INTEREST, DIVIDENDS, OR PATRONAGE DIVIDENDS, ALSO
SIGN AND DATE THE FORM.
 
    Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends
that are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041A (a),
6045, and 6050A.
 
PRIVACY ACT NOTICE.--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers
who must report the payments to IRS. IRS uses the numbers for identification
purposes. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are
required to file tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 31% of taxable
interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does not furnish a
taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply.
 
PENALTIES
(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER. -- If you
fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject
to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING. -- If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION. -- Falsifying certifications or
affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.
(4) FAILURE TO REPORT CERTAIN DIVIDEND AND INTEREST PAYMENTS. -- If you fail to
include any portion of an includible payment for interest, dividends or
patronage dividends in gross income and such failure is due to negligence, a
penalty of 20% is imposed on any portion of any underpayment attributable to the
failure.
 
                  FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX
                   CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE