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Exhibit 3.3
LONG DISTANCE DIRECT HOLDINGS, INC.
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BY-LAWS
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ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. The corporation shall maintain a principal office in
the State of Nevada as set forth in the articles of incorporation or determined
from time to time by the board of directors.
Section 2. The corporation may also have offices at such other
places both within and without the State of Nevada as the board of directors may
from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require
either inside or outside the State of Nevada.
ARTICLE II
ANNUAL MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
Section 1. All meetings of shareholders for the election of
directors shall be held at such place as may be fixed from time to time by the
board of directors.
Section 2. Annual meetings of shareholders, commencing with the
year 1989, shall be held on the third Monday of May if not a legal holiday, and
if a legal holiday, then on the next secular day following, at 1:00 p.m., at
which they shall elect by a plurality vote a board of directors, and transact
such other business as may
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properly be brought before the meeting.
Section 3. Written or printed notice of the annual meeting stating the
place, day and hour of the meeting shall be delivered not less than ten nor more
than sixty days before the date of the meeting, either personally or by mail, by
or at the direction of the president, the secretary, or the officer or persons
calling the meeting, to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at such
meeting.
ARTICLE III
SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
Section 1. Special meetings of shareholders for any purpose other than
the election of directors may be held at such time and place within or without
the State of Nevada as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly
executed waiver of notice thereof.
Section 2. Special meetings of the shareholders, for any purpose or
purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the articles of
incorporation, may be called by the president, the board of directors, or the
holders of not less than one-tenth of all the shares entitled to vote at the
meeting.
Section 3. Written or printed notice of a special meeting stating the
place, day and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the
meeting is called, shall be delivered not less than ten nor more than sixty days
before the date of the meeting, either personally or
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by mail, by or at the direction of the president, the secretary, or the officer
or persons calling the meeting, to each shareholder of record entitled to vote
at such meeting.
Section 4. The business transacted at any special meeting of
shareholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.
ARTICLE IV
QUORUM AND VOTING STOCK
Section 1. The holders of one-third of the shares of stock
issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy,
shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the shareholders for the
transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the
articles of incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or
represented at any meeting of the shareholders, the shareholders present in
person or represented by proxy shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time
to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum
shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum
shall be present or represented any business may be transacted which might have
been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.
Section 2. If a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a
majority of the shares of stock represented at the meeting shall be the act of
the shareholders unless
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the vote of a greater number of shares of stock is required by law or the
articles of incorporation.
Section 3. Each outstanding share of stock, having voting power,
shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of
shareholders. A shareholder may vote either in person or by proxy executed in
writing by the shareholder or by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact.
In all elections for directors every shareholder, entitled to
vote, shall have the right to vote, in person or by proxy, the number of shares
of stock owned by him, for as many persons as there are directors to be elected.
Section 4. Any action required to be taken at a meeting of the
shareholders may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting
forth the action so taken, shall be signed by all of the shareholders entitled
to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof.
ARTICLE V
DIRECTORS
Section 1. The number of directors shall be three. Directors
need not be residents of the State of Nevada nor shareholders of the
corporation. The directors, other than the first board of directors, shall be
elected at the annual meeting of the shareholders, and each director elected
shall serve until the next succeeding annual meeting and until his successor
shall have been elected and qualified. The first board of directors shall hold
office
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until the first annual meeting of shareholders.
Section 2. Any vacancy occurring in the board of directors may
be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors
though less than a quorum of the board of directors. A director elected to fill
a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired portion of the term of his
predecessor in office.
Any directorship to be filled by reason of an increase in the
number of directors shall be filled by election at an annual meeting or at a
special meeting of shareholders called for that purpose. A director elected to
fill a newly created directorship shall serve until the next succeeding annual
meeting of shareholders and until his successor shall have been elected and
qualified.
Section 3. The business affairs of the corporation shall be
managed by its board of directors which may exercise all such powers of the
corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by
the articles of incorporation or by these by-laws directed or required to be
exercised or done by the shareholders.
Section 4. The directors may keep the books of the corporation,
except such as are required by law to be kept within the state, outside of the
State of Nevada, at such place or places as they may from time to time
determine.
Section 5. The board of directors, by the affirmative vote of
a majority of the directors then in office,
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and irrespective of any personal interest of any of its members, shall have
authority to establish reasonable compensation of all directors for services to
the corporation as directors, officers or otherwise.
ARTICLE VI
MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. Meetings of the board of directors, regular or
special, may be held inside or outside the State of Nevada.
Section 2. The first meeting of each newly elected board of
directors shall be held at such time and place as shall be fixed by the vote of
the shareholders at the annual meeting and no notice of such meeting shall be
necessary to the newly elected directors in order legally to constitute the
meeting, provided a quorum shall be present, or it may convene at such place and
time as shall be fixed by the consent in writing of all the directors.
Section 3. Regular meetings of the board of directors may be
held upon such notice, or without notice, and at such time and at such place as
shall from time to time be determined by the board.
Section 4. Special meetings of the board of directors may be
called by the president on three days' notice to each director, either
personally or by mail or by telegram; special meetings shall be called by the
president or secretary in like manner and on like notice on the written request
of two directors.
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Section 5. Attendance of a director at any meeting shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a director attends
for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because
the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be
transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the board
of directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such
meeting.
Section 6. A majority of the directors shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business unless a greater number is required by
law or by the articles of incorporation. The act of a majority of the directors
present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the
board of directors, unless the act of a greater number is required by statute or
by the articles of incorporation. If a quorum shall not be present at any
meeting of directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from
time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a
quorum shall be present.
Section 7. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the
board of directors may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board
consent in writing to the action and the consents are filed with the minutes.
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ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Section 1. The board of directors, by resolution adopted by a
majority of the number of directors fixed by the by-laws or otherwise, may
designate two or more directors to constitute an executive committee, which
committee, to the extent provided in such resolution, shall have and exercise
all of the authority of the board of directors in the management of the
corporation, except as otherwise required by law. Vacancies in the membership of
the committee shall be filled by the board of directors at a regular or special
meeting of the board of directors. The executive committee shall keep regular
minutes of its proceedings and report the same to the board when required.
ARTICLE VIII
NOTICES
Section 1. Whenever, under the provisions of the statutes or of
the articles of incorporation or of these by-laws, notice is required to be
given to any director or shareholder, it shall not be construed to mean personal
notice, but such notice may be given in writing, by mail, addressed to such
director or shareholder, at this address as it appears on the records of the
corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be
given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail.
Notice to directors may also be
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given by telegram.
Section 2. Whenever any notice whatever is required to be given
under the provisions of the statutes or under the provisions of the articles of
incorporation or these by-laws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person
or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated
therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice.
ARTICLE IX
OFFICERS
Section 1. The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by
the board of directors and shall be a president, a vice-president, a secretary
and a treasurer. The board of directors may also choose additional
vice-presidents, and one or more assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers.
Section 2. The board of directors at its first meeting after
each annual meeting of shareholders shall choose a president, one or more
vice-presidents, a secretary and a treasurer, none of whom need be a member of
the board.
Section 3. The board of directors may appoint such other
officers and agents as it shall deem necessary who shall hold their offices for
such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be
determined from time to time by the board of directors.
Section 4. The salaries of all officers and
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agents of the corporation shall be fixed by the board of directors.
Section 5. The officers of the corporation shall hold office
until their successors are chosen and qualify. Any officer elected or appointed
by the board of directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of
a majority of the board of directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the
corporation shall be filled by the board of directors.
THE PRESIDENT
Section 6. The president shall be the chief executive officer of
the corporation, shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and the board
of directors, shall have general and active management of the business of the
corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board of
directors are carried into effect.
Section 7. He shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts
requiring a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where required or
permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the
signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of
directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.
THE VICE-PRESIDENTS
Section 8. The vice-president, or if there shall
be more than one, the vice-presidents in the order de-
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termined by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the
president, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the president and shall
perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors
may from time to time prescribe.
THE SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES
Section 9. The secretary shall attend all meetings of the board
of directors and all meetings of the shareholders and record all the proceedings
of the meetings of the corporation and of the board of directors in a book to be
kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees
when required. He shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of
the shareholders and special meetings of the board of directors, and shall
perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or
president, under whose supervision he shall be. He shall have custody of the
corporate seal of the corporation and he, or an assistant secretary, shall have
authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed,
it may be attested by his signature or by the signature of such assistant
secretary. The board of directors may give general authority to any other office
to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the affixing by his
signature.
Section 10. The assistant secretary, or if there be more than
one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board of
directors, shall, in the absence
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or disability of the secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of
the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as
the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.
THE TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS
Section 11. The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds
and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and
disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys
and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation in
such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors.
Section 12. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be
ordered by the board of directors, taking proper vouchers for such
disbursements, and shall render to the president and the board of directors, at
its regular meetings, or when the board of directors so requires, an account of
all his transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the
corporation.
Section 13. If required by the board of directors, he shall give the
corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be
satisfactory to the board of directors for the faithful performance of the
duties of his office and for the restoration to the corporation, in case of his
death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers,
vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or
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under his control belonging to the corporation.
Section 14. The assistant treasurer, or, if there shall be more
than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board of
directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform the
duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer and shall perform such other
duties and have such other powers as the board of directors may from time to
time prescribe.
ARTICLE X
CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES
Section 1. The shares of the corporation shall be represented by
certificates signed by the president or a vice-president and the secretary or an
assistant secretary of the corporation, and may be sealed with the seal of the
corporation or a facsimile thereof.
When the corporation is authorized to issue shares of more than one
class there shall be set forth upon the face or back of the certificate, or the
certificate shall have a statement that the corporation will furnish to any
shareholder upon request and without charge, a full or summary statement of the
designations, preferences, limitations, and relative rights of the shares of
each class authorized to be issued and, if the corporation is authorized to
issue any preferred or special class in series, the variations in the relative
rights and preferences between the shares of each such series so far as the same
have been fixed and determined and the authority of the
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board of directors to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of
subsequent series.
Section 2. The signatures of the officers of the corporation upon a
certificate may be facsimiles if the certificate is countersigned by a transfer
agent, or registered by a registrar, other than the corporation itself or an
employee of the corporation. In case any officer who has signed or whose
facsimile signature has been placed upon such certificate shall have ceased to
be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the
corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer at the date of its
issue.
LOST CERTIFICATES
Section 3. The board of directors may direct a new certificate to be
issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the corporation alleged
to have been lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new
certificate, the board of directors, in its discretion and as a condition
precedent to the issuance thereof, may prescribe such terms and conditions as it
deems expedient, and may require such indemnities as it deems adequate, to
protect the corporation from any claim that may be made against it with respect
to any such certificate alleged to have been lost or destroyed.
TRANSFERS OF SHARES
Section 4. Upon surrender to the corporation or
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the transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate representing shares duly
endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or
authority to transfer, a new certificate shall be issued to the person entitled
thereto, and the old certificate cancelled and the transaction recorded upon the
books of the corporation.
CLOSING OF TRANSFER BOOKS
Section 5. For the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders, or any adjournment thereof
or entitled to receive payment of any dividend, or in order to make a
determination of shareholders for any other proper purpose, the board of
directors may provide that the stock transfer books shall be closed for a stated
period but not to exceed, in any case, sixty days. If the stock transfer books
shall be closed for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice
of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, such books shall be closed for at
least ten days immediately preceding such meeting. In lieu of closing the stock
transfer books, the board of directors may fix in advance a date as the record
date for any such determination of shareholders, such date in any case to be not
more than sixty days and, in case of a meeting of shareholders, not less than
ten days prior to the date on which the particular action, requiring such
determination of shareholders, is to be taken. If the stock transfer books are
not closed and no record date is fixed for the
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determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
shareholders, or shareholders entitled to receive payment of a dividend, the
date on which notice of the meeting is mailed or the date on which the
resolution of the board of directors declaring such dividend is adopted, as the
case may be, shall be the record date for such determination of shareholders.
When a determination of shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of
shareholders has been made as provided in this section, such determination shall
apply to any adjournment thereof.
REGISTERED SHAREHOLDERS
Section 6. The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive
right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive
dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and
assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall
not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such
share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have
express or other notices thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of
Nevada.
LIST OF SHAREHOLDERS
Section 7. The officer or agent having charge of the transfer books for
shares shall make, at least ten days before each meeting of shareholders, a
complete list of the
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shareholders entitled to vote at such meeting, arranged in alphabetical order,
with the address of each and the number of shares held by each, which list, for
a period of ten days prior to such meeting, shall be kept on file at the
registered office of the corporation and shall be subject to inspection by any
shareholder at any time during usual business hours. Such list shall also be
produced and kept open at the time and place of the meeting and shall be subject
to the inspection of any shareholder during the whole time of the meeting. The
original share ledger or transfer book, or a duplicate thereof, shall be prima
facie evidence as to who are the shareholders entitled to examine such list or
share ledger or transfer book or to vote at any meeting of the shareholders.
ARTICLE XI
GENERAL PROVISIONS
DIVIDENDS
Section 1. Subject to the provisions of the articles of
incorporation relating thereto, if any, dividends may be declared by the board
of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may
be paid in cash, in property or in shares of the capital stock, subject to any
provisions of the articles of incorporation.
Section 2. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set
aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or
sums as the directors
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from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve fund
to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or
maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purpose as the
directors shall think conducive to the interest of the corporation, and the
directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was
created.
CHECKS
Section 3. All checks or demands for money and notes of the
corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or
persons as the board of directors may from time to time designate.
FISCAL YEAR
Section 4. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by
resolution of the board of directors.
SEAL
Section 5. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the
name of the corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate
Seal, Nevada". The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be
impressed or affixed or in any manner reproduced.
ARTICLE XII
AMENDMENTS
Section 1. These by-laws may be altered, amended, or repealed
or new by-laws may be adopted by the affirma-
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tive vote of a majority of the board of directors at any regular or special
meeting of the board.
CERTIFICATION
I hereby certify that the foregoing is the original or a true copy of
the by-laws adopted by Long Distance Direct Holdings, Inc. pursuant to the
organizational action of its directors.
Dated: May 31, 1988
/s/ John W. Crane, President
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John W. Crane, President
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