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EXHIBIT 3.16
P P C, INC.
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REGULATIONS
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ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. The principal office shall be in the City of Cleveland, County
of Cuyahoga, State of Ohio.
Section 2. The corporation may also have offices at such other places as
the board of directors may from time to time determine or the business of the
corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
SHAREHOLDERS' MEETINGS
Section 1. Meetings of the shareholders shall be held in the City of
Cleveland, State of Ohio.
Section 2. An annual meeting of the shareholders, commencing with the year
1973, shall be held on the second Tuesday of May in each year if not a legal
holiday, and, if a legal holiday, then on the next secular day following, at
10:00 A.M., when they shall elect by a plurality vote a board
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of directors, and transact such other business as may properly be brought before
the meeting.
Section 3. Written notice stating the time, place and purpose of a meeting
of the shareholders shall be given either by personal delivery or by mail not
less than seven nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting to each
shareholder of record entitled to notice of the meeting by or at the direction
of the president or a vice president or the secretary or an assistant secretary.
If mailed, such notice shall be addressed to the shareholder at his address as
it appears on the records of the corporation. Notice of adjournment of a meeting
need not be given if the time and place to which it is adjourned are fixed and
announced at such meeting.
Section 4. Meetings of the shareholders may be called by the president or
a vice president, or the directors by action at a meeting, or a majority of the
directors acting without a meeting or by the secretary of the corporation upon
the order of the board of directors, or by the persons who hold twenty-five per
cent of all the shares outstanding and entitled to vote thereat. Upon the
request in writing delivered either in person or by registered mail to the
president or secretary by any persons entitled to call a meeting of the
shareholders, such officer shall forthwith cause notice to be given to the
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shareholders entitled thereto. If such request be refused, then the persons
making such request may call a meeting by giving notice in the manner provided
in these regulations.
Section 5. Business transacted at any special meeting of shareholders
shall be confined to the purposes stated in the notice.
Section 6. Upon request of any shareholders at any meeting of
shareholders, there shall be produced at such meeting an alphabetically arranged
list, or classified lists, of the shareholders of record as of the record date
of such meeting, who are entitled to vote, showing their respective addresses
and the number and class of shares held by each. Such list or lists when
certified by the officer or agent in charge of the transfers of shares shall be
prima-facie evidence of the facts shown therein.
Section 7. The holders of a majority of the shares issued and outstanding
having voting power, present in person or represented by proxy, shall be
requisite and shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of shareholders for the
transaction of business, except that at any meeting of shareholders called to
take any action which is authorized or regulated by statute, in order to
constitute a quorum, there shall be present in person or represented by proxy
the holders of record of shares entitling them to exercise the voting power
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required by statute, the articles of incorporation, or these regulations, to
authorize or take the action proposed or stated in the notice of the meeting.
If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of
the shareholders, the shareholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person
or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to
time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum
shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum
shall be present or represented any business may be transacted which might have
been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.
Section 8. When a quorum is present or represented at any meeting, the
vote of the holders of a majority of the stock having voting power, present in
person or represented by proxy, shall decide any question brought before such
meeting, unless the question is one upon which, by express provision of the
statutes or of the articles of incorporation or of these regulations, a
different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern
and control the decision of such question.
Section 9. At every meeting of shareholders, each outstanding share having
voting power shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote on each matter
properly submitted to the
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shareholders, subject to the provisions with respect to cumulative voting set
forth in this section. If notice in writing is given by any shareholder to the
president, a vice president or the secretary, not less than forty-eight hours
before the time fixed for holding a meeting of the shareholders for the purpose
of electing directors if notice of such meeting shall have been given at least
ten days prior thereto, and otherwise not less than twenty-four hours before
such time, that he desires that the voting at such election shall be cumulative,
and if an announcement of the giving of such notice is made upon the convening
of the meeting by the chairman or secretary or by or on behalf of the
shareholder giving such notice, each shareholder shall have the right to
cumulate such voting power as he possesses and to give one candidate as many
votes as the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of his
votes equals, or to distribute his votes on the same principle among two or more
candidates, as he sees fit. A shareholder shall be entitled to vote even though
his shares have not been fully paid, but shares upon which an installment of the
purchase price is overdue and unpaid shall not be voted.
Section 10. A person who is entitled to attend a shareholders' meeting, to
vote thereat, or to execute consents, waivers, or releases, may be represented
at such meeting or
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vote thereat, and execute consents, waivers, and releases, and exercise any of
his other rights, by proxy or proxies appointed by a writing signed by such
person. A telegram or cablegram appearing to have been transmitted by such
person, or a photographic, photostatic, or equivalent reproduction of a writing,
appointing a proxy is sufficient writing. No appointment of a proxy shall be
valid after the expiration of eleven months after it is made unless the writing
specifies the date on which it is to expire or the length of time it is to
continue in force.
Section 11. Unless the articles or these regulations prohibit the
authorization or taking of any action of the shareholders without a meeting, any
action which may be authorized or taken at a meeting of the shareholders may be
authorized or taken without a meeting with the affirmative vote or approval of,
and in a writing or writings signed by all the shareholders who would be
entitled to notice of a meeting of the shareholders held for such purpose, which
writing or writings shall be filed with or entered upon the records of the
corporation.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. The number of directors, which shall not be less than three,
may be fixed or changed at a meeting of
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shareholders called for the purpose of electing directors. The first board shall
consist of six directors. Except where the law, the articles of incorporation,
or these regulations require any action to be authorized or taken by
shareholders, all of the authority of the corporation shall be exercised by the
directors. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of shareholders,
except as provided in Section 2 of this article, and each director shall hold
office until the next annual meeting of the shareholders and until his successor
is elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation, removal from office,
or death. when the annual meeting is not held or directors are not elected
thereat, they may be elected at a special meeting called for that purpose.
Directors need not be shareholders.
Section 2. If the office of any director or directors becomes vacant by
reason of death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office,
or otherwise, the remaining directors, though less than a quorum, shall by a
vote of a majority of their number, choose a successor or successors, who shall
hold office for the unexpired term in respect to which such vacancy occurred.
Section 3. For their own government the directors may adopt by-laws not
inconsistent with the articles of incorporation or these regulations.
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Section 4. The directors may hold their meeting, and keep the books of the
corporation, outside the State of Ohio, at such places as they may from time to
time determine but, if no transfer agent is appointed to act for the corporation
in Ohio, it shall keep an office in Ohio at which shares shall be transferable
and at which it shall keep books in which shall be recorded the names and
addresses of all shareholders and all transfers of shares.
COMMITTEES
Section 5. The directors may at any time elect three or more of their
number as an executive committee or other committee, which shall, in the
interval between meetings of the board of directors, exercise such powers and
perform such duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the board of
directors. Any such committee shall be subject at all times to the control and
direction of the board of directors. Unless otherwise ordered by the board of
directors, any such committee may act by a majority of its members at a meeting
or by a writing or writings signed by all its members. An act or authorization
of an act by any such committee within the authority delegated to it shall be as
effective for all purposes as the act or authorization of the board of
directors.
Section 6. The committee shall keep regular minutes
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of their proceedings and report the same to the board when required.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
Section 7. Directors, as such, shall not receive any stated salary for
their services but, by resolution of the board, a fixed sum, and expenses of
attendance if any, may be allowed for attendance at each regular or special
meeting of the board; provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed
to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and
receiving compensation therefor.
Section 8. Members of the executive committee or other committees may be
allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.
MEETINGS OF THE BOARD
Section 9. The first meeting of each newly elected board other than the
board first elected shall be held at such time and place, either within or
without the State of Ohio, as shall be fixed by the vote of the shareholders at
the annual meeting, and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the
newly elected directors in order legally to constitute the meeting, provided a
quorum shall be present, or they may meet at such place and time as shall be
fixed by the consent in writing of all the directors given either before or
after the meeting.
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Section 10. Regular meetings of the board may be held at such time and
place, either within or without the State of Ohio, as shall be determined by the
board.
Section 11. Special meetings of the board may be called by the president,
any vice president, or by two directors on two days' notice to each director,
either delivered personally or sent by mail, telegram or cablegram. The notice
need not specify the purposes of the meeting.
Section 12. At all meetings of the board a majority of the directors shall
be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business, and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at
which there is a quorum shall be the act of the board of directors, except as
may be otherwise specifically provided by statute or by the articles of
incorporation or by these regulations. If a quorum shall not be present at any
meeting of directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from
time to time, until a quorum shall be present. Notice of adjournment of a
meeting need not be given to absent directors if the time and place are fixed at
the meeting adjourned.
Section 13. Unless the articles or these regulations prohibit the
authorization or taking of any action of the directors without a meeting, any
action which may be authorized or taken at a meeting of the directors may be
authorized or
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taken without a meeting with the affirmative vote or approval of, and in a
writing or writings signed by all the directors, which writing or writings shall
be filed with or entered upon the records of the corporation.
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
Section 14. All the directors, or all the directors of a particular class,
if any, or any individual director may be removed from office, without assigning
any cause, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power
entitling them to elect directors in place of those to be removed, provided
that unless all the directors, or all the directors of a particular class, if
any, are removed, no individual director shall be removed in case the votes of a
sufficient number of shares are cast against his removal which, if cumulatively
voted at an election of all the directors, or all the directors of a particular
class, if any, as the case may be, would be sufficient to elect at least one
director. In case of any such removal, a new director may be elected at the same
meeting for the unexpired term of each director removed. Failure to elect a
director to fill the unexpired term of any director removed shall be deemed to
create a vacancy in the board.
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ARTICLE IV
NOTICES
Section 1. Notices to directors and shareholders shall be in writing and
delivered personally or mailed to the directors or shareholders at their
addresses appearing on the books of the corporation. Notice by mail shall be
deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be mailed. Notice to
directors and shareholders may also be given by telegram or telephone.
Section 2. Notice of the time, place and purposes of any meeting of
shareholders or directors as the case may be, whether required by law, the
articles of incorporation or these regulations, may be waived in writing, either
before or after the holding of such meeting, by any shareholder, or by any
director, which writing shall be filed with or entered upon the records of the
meeting.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
Section 1. The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by the
directors and shall be a president, a vice president, a secretary and a
treasurer. The board of directors may also choose additional vice presidents,
and one or more assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers. Any two or more
of such offices except the offices of president
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and vice president, may be held by the same person, but no officer shall
execute, acknowledge or verify any instrument in more than one capacity if such
instrument is required by law or by these regulations to be executed,
acknowledged or verified by any two or more officers
Section 2. The board of directors at its first meeting after each annual
meeting of shareholders shall choose a president, a vice president, a secretary
and a treasurer, none or whom need be a member of the board.
Section 3. The board may appoint such other officers and agents as it
shall deem necessary, who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall
exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to
time by the board.
Section 4. The salaries of all officers and agents of the corporation
shall be fixed by the board of directors.
Section 5. The officers of the corporation shall hold office until their
successors are chosen and qualify in their stead. Any officer elected or
appointed by the board of directors may be removed at any time by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the whole board of directors. If the office of
any officer or officers becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy shall be
filled by the board of directors.
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THE PRESIDENT
Section 6. The president shall be the chief executive officer of the
corporation; he shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and directors,
shall be ex officio a member of the executive committee or any other committee,
shall have general and active management of the business of the corporation, and
shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board are carried into effect.
Section 7. He shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring
a seal, under the seal of the corporation, except where required or permitted by
law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and
execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of directors to some
other officer or agent of the corporation.
THE VICE PRESIDENTS
Section 8. The vice presidents in the order of their seniority, unless
otherwise determined by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or
disability of the president, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the
president. They shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as
the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.
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THE SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES
Section 9. The secretary shall attend all meetings of the board of
directors and all meetings of the shareholders and record all the proceedings of
the meetings of the corporation and of the board of directors in a book to be
kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees
when required. He shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of
the shareholders and special meetings of the board of directors, and shall
perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or
president, under whose supervision he shall be. He shall keep in safe custody
the seal of the corporation and, when authorized by the board of directors,
affix the same to any instrument requiring it and, when so affixed, it shall be
attested by his signature or by the signature of the treasurer or an assistant
secretary.
Section 10. The assistant secretaries in the order of their seniority
unless otherwise determined by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or
disability of the secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the
secretary. They shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as
the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.
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THE TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS
Section 11. The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds
and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and
disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys
and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation in
such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors.
Section 12. He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be
ordered by the board of directors, taking proper vouchers for such
disbursements, and shall render to the president and the board of directors, at
its regular meetings, or when the board of directors so requires, an account of
all his transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the
corporation.
Section 13. If required by the board of directors, he shall give the
corporation a bond (which shall be renewed every six years) in such sum and with
such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the board of directors for
the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to
the corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from
office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever
kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the corporation.
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Section 14. The assistant treasurers in the order of their seniority,
unless otherwise determined by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or
disability of the treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the
treasurer. They shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as
the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.
ARTICLE VI
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK
Section 1. Each holder of shares is entitled to one or more certificates,
signed by the president or a vice president and by the secretary, an assistant
secretary, the treasurer, or an assistant treasurer of the corporation, which
shall certify the number and class of shares held by him in the corporation.
Every certificate shall state that the corporation is organized under the laws
of Ohio, the name of the person to whom the shares represented by the
certificate are issued, the number of shares represented by the certificate, and
the par value of each share represented by it or that the shares are without par
value, and if the shares are classified, the designation of the class, and the
series, if any, of the shares represented by the certificate. There shall also
be stated on the face or back of the certificate the express
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terms, if any, of the shares represented by the certificate and of the other
class or classes and series of shares, if any, which the corporation is
authorized to issue, or a summary of such express terms, or that the corporation
will mail to the shareholder a copy of such express terms without charge within
five days after receipt of written request therefor, or that a copy of such
express terms is attached to and by reference made a part of such certificate
and that the corporation will mail to the shareholder a copy of such express
terms without charge within five days after receipt of written request therefor
if the copy has become detached from the certificate.
Section 2. In case of any restriction on transferability of shares or
reservation of lien thereon, the certificate representing such shares shall set
forth on the face or back thereof the statements required by the General
Corporation Law of Ohio to make such restrictions or reservations effective.
Section 3. Where a certificate is countersigned by an incorporated
transfer agent or registrar, the signature of any of the officers specified in
Section 1 of this article may be facsimile, engraved, stamped, or printed.
Although any officer of the corporation, whose manual or facsimile signature has
been placed upon such certificate,
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ceases to be such officer before the certificate is delivered, such certificate
nevertheless shall be effective in all respects when delivered.
LOST CERTIFICATES
Section 4. The board of directors may direct a new certificate or
certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates
theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost or destroyed,
upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the
certificate of stock to be lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a
new certificate or certificates, the board of directors may, in its discretion
and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such
lost or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to
advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the
corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim
that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged
to have been lost or destroyed.
TRANSFERS OF STOCK
Section 5. Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the
corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper
evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall
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be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled
thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.
Section 6. For any lawful purpose, including without limitation, (1) the
determination of the shareholders who are entitled to receive notice of or to
vote at a meeting of shareholders; (2) receive payment of any dividend or
distribution; (3) receive or exercise rights of purchase of or subscription for,
or exchange or conversion of, shares or other securities, subject to contract
rights with respect thereto; or (4) participate in the execution of written
consents, waivers, or releases, the directors may fix a record date which shall
not be a date earlier than the date on which the record date is fixed and, in
the cases provided for in clauses (1), (2) and (3) above, shall not be more than
sixty days, preceding the date of the meeting of the shareholders, or the date
fixed for the payment of any dividend or distribution, or the date fixed for the
receipt or the exercise of rights, as the case may be.
Section 7. If a meeting of the shareholders is called by persons entitled
to call the same, or action is taken by shareholders without a meeting, and if
the directors fail or refuse, within such time as the persons calling such
meeting or initiating such other action may request, to
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fix a record date for the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to
receive notice of or vote at such meeting, or to participate in the execution of
written consents, waivers, or releases, then the persons calling such meeting or
initiating such other action may fix a record date for such purposes, subject to
the limitations set forth in Section 6 of this article.
Section 8. The record date for the purpose of clause (1) of Section 6 of
this article shall continue to be the record date for all adjournments of such
meeting, unless the directors or the persons who shall have fixed the original
record date shall, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 6 of this
article, fix another date, and in case a new record date is so fixed, notice
thereof and of the date to which the meeting shall have been adjourned shall be
given to shareholders of record as of said date in accordance with the same
requirements as those applying to a meeting newly called.
Section 9. The directors may close the share transfer books against
transfers of shares during the whole or any part of the period provided for in
Section 6 of this article, including the date of the meeting of the shareholders
and the period ending with the date, if any, to which adjourned. If no record
date is fixed therefor, the record date for deter-
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mining the shareholders who are entitled to receive notice of, or who are
entitled to vote at, a meeting of shareholders, shall be the date next preceding
the day on which notice is given, or the date next preceding the day on which
the meeting is held, as the case may be.
Section 10. The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive
rights of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive
dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any
equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of
any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof,
except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Ohio.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
DIVIDENDS
Section 1. The board of directors may declare and the corporation may pay
dividends on its outstanding shares in cash, property, or its own shares
pursuant to law and subject to the provisions of its articles of incorporation.
Section 2. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of
any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the
directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a
reserve
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fund to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or
maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purposes as the
directors shall think conducive to the interests of the corporation, and the
directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was
created.
ANNUAL STATEMENT
Section 3. At the annual meeting of shareholders, or the meeting held in
lieu thereof, the corporation shall prepare and lay before the shareholders a
financial statement consisting of: A balance sheet containing a summary of the
assets, liabilities, stated capital, and surplus (showing separately any capital
surplus arising from unrealized appreciation of assets, other capital surplus,
and earned surplus) of the corporation as of a date not more than four months
before such meeting; if such meeting is an adjourned meeting, said balance sheet
may be as of a date not more than four months before the date of the meeting as
originally convened; and a statement of profit and loss and surplus, including a
summary of profits, dividends paid, and other changes in the surplus accounts of
the corporation for the period commencing with the date marking the end of the
period for which the last preceding statement of profit and loss required under
this section was made and ending with the date of said balance
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sheet, or in the case of the first statement of profit and loss, from the
incorporation of the corporation to the date of said balance sheet.
The financial statement shall have appended thereto a certificate signed
by the president or a vice president or the treasurer or an assistant treasurer
or by a public accountant or firm of public accountants to the effect that the
financial statement presents fairly the position of the corporation and the
results of its operations in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles applied on a basis consistent for the period covered thereby, or such
other certificate as is in accordance with sound accounting practice.
Section 4. Upon the written request of any shareholder made within sixty
days after notice of any such meeting has been given, the corporation, not later
than the fifth day after receiving such request or the fifth day before such
meeting, whichever is the later date, shall mail to such shareholder a copy of
such financial statement.
CHECKS
Section 5. All checks or demands for money and notes of the corporation
shall be signed by such officer or officers as the board of directors may from
time to time designate.
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FISCAL YEAR
Section 6. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution
of the board of directors.
SEAL
Section 7. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the
corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal, Ohio".
The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or
affixed or in any other manner reproduced.
ARTICLE VIII
AMENDMENTS
Section 1. These regulations may be amended or new regulations adopted by
the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitling them to exercise a
majority of the voting power on such proposal, at any regular meeting of the
shareholders, or at any special meeting of the shareholders if notice of the
proposal to amend or add to the regulations be contained in the notice of the
meeting, or, without a meeting, by the written consent of the holders of record
of shares entitling them to exercise a majority of the voting power on such
proposal.