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EXHIBIT 3.2(e)
BY-LAWS
OF
AMERICAN BANK NOTE HOLOGRAPHICS, INC.
Incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware - August 19, 1985
As amended through July 17, 1990
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BY-LAWS
OF
AMERICAN BANK NOTE HOL0GRAPHICS, INC.
(hereinafter called the "Corporation")
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the
Corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of
Delaware.
Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at
such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of
Directors may from time to time determine.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders for the
election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such time and
place, either within or without the State of Delaware as shall be designated
from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the
meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.
Section 2. Annual Meetings. The Annual Meetings of Stockholders
shall be held on such date and at such time
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as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in
the notice of the meeting, at which meetings the stockholders shall elect by a
plurality vote a Board of Directors, and transact such other business as may
properly be brought before the meeting. Written notice of the Annual Meeting
stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each
stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten nor more than
sixty days before the date of the meeting.
Section 3. Special Meeting. Unless otherwise prescribed by law or by
the Certificate of Incorporation, Special Meetings of Stockholders, for any
purpose or purposes, may be called by either the Chairman of the Board or the
President, and shall be called by any such officer at the request in writing of
a majority of the Board of Directors or at the request in writing of
stockholders owning a majority of the capital stock of the Corporation issued
and outstanding and entitled to vote. Such request shall state the purpose or
purposes of the proposed meeting.
Section 4. Notice of Meetings. Written notice of an Annual Meeting
or Special Meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting and in the
case of a Special Meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is
called shall be given not less than ten nor more than sixty days before
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the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting.
Section 5. Waiver of Notice. Notice of the time, place, and purpose
or purposes of any meeting of stockholders may be waived by a written waiver
thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, such waiver whether before or
after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance
of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting,
except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting,
at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the
meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be
transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular of special meeting of the
stockholders, directors, or members of a committee of directors need be
specified in any written notice unless so required by the certificate of
incorporation or the by-laws.
Section 6. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the
Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority of the capital stock
issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or
represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the
stockholders for the transaction of business. If, however, such quorum shall not
be present or represented at any
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meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present
in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from
time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a
quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a
quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which
might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. If the
adjournment is for more than sixty days, or if after the adjournment a new
record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned
meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting.
Section 7. Voting. Any questions brought before any meeting of
stockholders shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the
stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat. Each stockholder
represented at a meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to cast one vote for
each share of the capital stock entitled to vote thereat held by such
stockholder. Such votes may be cast in person or by proxy but no proxy shall be
voted on or after three years from its date, unless such proxy provides for a
longer period. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the
Corporation presiding at a meeting of
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stockholders, in his discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting
shall be cast by written ballot.
Section 8. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The officer of the
Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare
and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete
list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in
alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number
of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to
the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the
meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held,
which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so
specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be
produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder of the Corporation who is
present.
Section 9. Stock Ledger. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall
be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the
stock ledger, the list required by Section 8 of this Article II or the books of
the
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Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.
ARTICLE III
Section 1. Number and Election of Directors. The Board of Directors
shall consist of not less than three (3) and not more than twenty (20) members
the number of which shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the
Board of Directors. Except as provided in Section 2 of this article, directors
shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at Annual Meetings of
Stockholders, and each director so elected shall hold office until the next
Annual Meeting and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or until
his earlier resignation or removal. Any director may resign at any time upon
notice to the Corporation. Directors need not be stockholders.
Section 2. Vacancies. Vacancies and newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled
(i) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding
stock of the corporation, and if not so filled, then by (ii) a majority of the
directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining
director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual
election and until
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their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier
resignation or removal.
Section 3. Duties and Powers. The business of the Corporation shall
be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors which may
exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and
things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these
By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
Section 4. Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may
hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of
Delaware. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice
at such time and at such place as may from time to time be determined by the
Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by
the Chairman, if there be one, the President, or any two directors. Notice
thereof stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each
director either by mail not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the date of
the meeting, by telephone or telegram on twenty-four (24) hours' notice, or on
such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem
necessary or appropriate in the circumstances.
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Section 5. Quorum; Board Action. Except as may be otherwise
specifically provided by the law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these
By-Laws, at all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the entire
Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and
the act of a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall be the act of the
Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board
of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to
time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum
shall be present.
Section 6. Actions of Board. Unless otherwise provided by the
Certificate of Incorporation or these ByLaws, any action required or permitted
to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting, if all the members of the Board of Directors or
committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or
writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or
committee.
Section 7. Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone. Unless
otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members
of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, or any committee designated by
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the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors
or such committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 7 shall
constitute presence in person at such meeting.
Section 8. Compensation. The directors may be paid their expenses,
if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid
a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated
salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the
Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members
of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending
committee meetings.
Section 9. Interested Directors. No contract or transaction between
the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the
Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other
organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or
officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for
this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or
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participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which
authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are
counted for such purposes if (i) the material facts as to his or their
relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or
are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors
or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the
affirmative votes of a majority of the transaction by the affirmative votes of a
majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors
be less than a quorum; or (ii) the material facts as to this or their
relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or
are known to the shareholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or
transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the shareholders;
or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the
time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a
committee thereof or the shareholders. Common or interested directors may be
counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of
Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transactions.
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Section 10. Executive Committee. The Directors shall appoint not
less than three of their body as Executive Committee. During the intervals
between the meetings of the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee shall
possess and may exercise (subject to any regulations which the Directors may
from time to time make) all the powers of the Board of Directors in the
management and direction of the operations of the Corporation (except only such
acts as must by law be performed by the Directors themselves) in such manner as
the Executive Committee may deem best for the interests of the Corporation in
all cases in which specific directions shall not have been given by the Board of
Directors. A majority of the members of the Executive Committee shall constitute
a quorum. The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to fill
vacancies in, change the membership of, or to dissolve the Executive Committee.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. General. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen
by the Board of Directors and shall be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer.
The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may also choose a Chairman and a Vice
Chairman of the Board of Directors (both of whom
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must be directors) and one or more Vice-Presidents (including Executive
Vice-Presidents), Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and other
officers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless otherwise
prohibited by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws. The
officers of the Corporation need not be stockholders of the Corporation nor,
except in the case of the Chairman and the Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors, need such officers be directors of the Corporation.
Section 2. Election. The Board of Directors at its first meeting
held after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall elect the officers of the
Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such
powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the
Board of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office until
their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or
removal. Any officer elected by the Board of Directors may be removed at any
time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Any
vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board
of Directors. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by
the Board of Directors.
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Section 3. Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, powers of attorney,
proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments relating
to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on
behalf of and such securities, and if voting securities, may be voted on behalf
of, the Corporation (i) by such officer or officers as are specifically
delegated to do so in any particular instance by the Board of Directors of the
Corporation in the case of stock of any subsidiary of the Corporation and (ii)
the President or any Vice-President, in any other case, and any such office may,
in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as such
officer may deem advisable to vote such securities in person or by proxy at any
meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own
securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all
rights and power incident to the owner-ship of such securities and which, as the
owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present.
The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers
upon any other person or persons.
Section 4. Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the
Board of Directors, if there be one,
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shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors.
He shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, and except where by
law the signature of the President is required, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors shall possess the same power as the President to sign all contracts,
certificates and other instruments of the Corporation which may be authorized by
the Board of Directors. During the absence or disability of the President, the
Chairman of the Board of Directors shall exercise all the powers and discharge
all the duties of the President. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall
also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time
to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors.
Section 5. Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Vice
Chairman of the Board shall have authority to sign, on behalf of the Company,
contracts, deeds, mortgages, bonds, notes, and other instruments, in the manner
and forms customary for other officers of the Company and subject to the
limitations and restrictions customarily applicable to the authority of such
other officers. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of
Directors, or if there be none, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors
shall preside at all meetings of the
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stockholders and the Board of Directors. If there be no Chairman of the Board of
Directors, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors shall be the Chief
Executive Officer of the Corporation.
Section 6. President. The President shall, subject to the control of
the Board of Directors and, if there be one, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors, have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall
see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into
effect. He shall execute all bonds, mortgages, contracts and other instruments
of the Corporation requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except
where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and
except that the other officers of the Corporation may sign and execute documents
when so authorized by these By-Laws, the Board of Directors or the President. In
the absence or disability of the Chairman and the Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors, or if there be none, the President shall preside at all meetings of
the stockholders and the Board of Directors. If there be no Chairman or Vice
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President shall be the Chief Executive
Officer of the Corporation. The President shall also perform such other duties
and may exercise such other powers as from time to
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time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors.
Section 7. Vice-Presidents. At the request of the President or in
his absence or in the event of his inability or refusal to act (and if there be
no Chairman of the Board of Directors), the Vice-President or the
Vice-Presidents if there is more than one (in the order designated by the Board
of Directors) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting,
shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the
President. Each Vice-President shall perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there
be no Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors and no Vice-President,
the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in
the absence of the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of the
president to act, shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting,
shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the
President.
Section 8. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders and record all the
proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the
Secretary shall
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also perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The
Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the
stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform
such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or President,
under whose supervision he shall be. If the Secretary shall be unable or shall
refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and
special meetings of the Board of Directors, if there be no Assistant Secretary,
then either the Board of Directors or the President may choose another officer
to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal
of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there be
one, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and
when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or by the
signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give
general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and
to attest the affixing by his signature. The Secretary shall see that all books,
reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by
law to be kept or filed are properly kept or filed, as the case may be.
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Section 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the
corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of
receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall
deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of
the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of
Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be
ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such
disbursements, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors, at
its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of
all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the
Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the
Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be
satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the
duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his
death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers,
vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under
his control belonging to the Corporation.
Section 10. Assistant Secretaries. Except as may be otherwise
provided in these By-Laws, Assistant
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Secretaries, if there by any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as
from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the
President, any Vice-President, if there be one, or the Secretary, and in the
absence of the Secretary or in the event of his disability or refusal to act,
shall perform the duties of the Secretary, and when so acting, shall have all
the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.
Section 11. Assistant Treasurers. Assistant Treasurers, if there be
any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be
assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice-President,
if there be one, or the Treasurer, and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the
event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the
Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to
all the restrictions upon the Treasurer. If required by the Board of Directors,
an Assistant Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with
such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for
the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to
the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from
office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever
kind
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in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.
Section 12. Other Officers. Such other officers as the Board of
Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time
to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors may delegate to any other officer of the Corporation the power to
choose such other officers and to prescribe their respective duties and powers.
ARTICLE V
STOCK
Section 1. Form of Certificates. Every holder of stock in the
Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed, in the name of the
Corporation (i) by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or a
Vice-President and (ii) by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of
shares owned by him in the Corporation.
Section 2. Signatures. Where a certificate is countersigned by (i) a
transfer agent other than the Corporation or its employee, or (ii) a register
other than the Corporation or its employee, any other signature on the
certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer,
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transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been
placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent
or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the
Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or
registrar at the date of issue.
Section 3. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a
new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by
the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making
of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to
be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate,
the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to
the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed
certificate, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner
as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in
such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made
against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been
lost, stolen or destroyed.
Section 4. Transfers. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable
in the manner prescribed by law and in
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these By-Laws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation
only by the person named in the certificate or by his attorney lawfully
constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, which
shall be cancelled before a new certificate shall be issued.
Section 5. Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine
the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders
or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or
other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any
rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the
purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance,
a record date, which shall not be more than sixty days nor less than ten days
before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other
action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to
vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting;
provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the
adjourned meeting.
Section 6. Beneficial Owners. The Corporation shall be entitled to
recognize the exclusive right of a
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person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and
to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person
registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to
recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on
the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other
notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law.
ARTICLE VI
NOTICES
Section 1. Notices. Whenever written notice is required by law, the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director,
member of a committee or stockholder, such notice may be given by mail,
addressed to such director, member of a committee or stockholder, at his address
as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid,
and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be
deposited in the United States mail. Written notice may also be given personally
or by telegram, telex or cable.
Section 2. Waivers of Notice. Whenever any notice is required by
law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any
director, member of a committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing,
signed, by the
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person or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the
Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if
any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special
meeting, and may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital
stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds
of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of
Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, deems proper as a
reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for
repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for any proper
purpose, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.
Section 2. Disbursements. All checks or demands for money and notes
of the Corporation shall be signed by the Treasurer or such officer or officers
or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time
designate.
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Section 3. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be
fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 4. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words
"Corporate Seal, Delaware". The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile
thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
ARTICLE VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 1. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other
Than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this
Article VIII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party
or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed
action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by
reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of
the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys'
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fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted
in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to
the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action
or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The
termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement,
conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of
itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a
manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest
of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had
reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
Section 2. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or
in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VIII, the
Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened,
pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to
procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at
the request of the Corporation, as a director, officer, employee or agent
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of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise
against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by
him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he
acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not
opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification
shall be made in respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person
shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the
performance of his duty to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that
the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought
shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but
in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and
reasonably entitled to indemnify for such expenses which the Court of Chancery
or such other court shall deem proper.
Section 3. Authorization of Indemnification. Any indemnification
under this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the
Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that
indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the
circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in
Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article
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VIII, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made (i) by the Board of
Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not
parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (ii) if such a quorum is not
obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested directors so
directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iii) by the
stockholders. To the extent, however, that a director, officer, employee or
agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in
defense of any action, suit or proceeding described above, or in defense of any
claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses
(including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in
connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific
case.
Section 4. Good Faith Defined. For purposes of any determination
under Section 3 of this Article VIII, a person shall be deemed to have acted in
good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the
best interest of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or
proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful,
if his action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or
another enterprise, or on information supplied to him by
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the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their
duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another
enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation
or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an
appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or
another enterprise. The term "another enterprise" as used in this Section 4
shall mean any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise which such person is or was serving at the request of the
Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this
Section 4 shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the
circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable
standard of conduct set forth in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article VIII, as the
case may be.
Section 5. Indemnification by a Court. Notwithstanding any contrary
determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VIII, and
notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director,
officer, employee or agent may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction in
the State of Delaware for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissible
under Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VIII. The basis of such
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indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court that
indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the
circumstances because he has met the applicable standards of conduct set forth
in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be. Notice of any
application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 5 shall be given to the
Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application.
Section 6. Expenses Payable in Advance. Expenses incurred in
defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding
may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such
action, suit or proceeding as authorized by the Board of Directors in the
specific case upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director,
officer, employee or agent to repay such amount unless it shall ultimately be
determined that he is entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as
authorized in this Article VIII.
Section 7. Non-exclusivity and Survival of Indemnification. The
indemnification provided by this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of
any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under
any By-Laws, agreement, contract, vote of stockholders or disinterested
directors or pursuant to the direction
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(howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both
as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while
holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification
of the persons specified in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VIII shall be made
to the fullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article VIII
shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not
specified in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article VIII but whom the Corporation has
the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or otherwise. The indemnification
provided by this Article VIII shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be
a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the
heirs, executors and administrators of such person.
Section 8. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain
insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against
him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of
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his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the
obligation to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this
Article VIII.
Section 9. Meaning of "Corporation" for Purposes of Article VIII.
For purposes of this Article VIII, references to "the Corporation" shall
include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation
(including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or
merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and
authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that
any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such
constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent
corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same
position under the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to the resulting
or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent
corporation if its separate existence had continued.
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ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS
Section 1. The Board of Directors shall have the power to make,
amend and repeal the By-Laws of the Corporation as provided by law.
Section 2. The stockholders may make, alter, amend and repeal the
By-Laws of the Corporation, at the annual meeting or at a special meeting called
for such purpose, and all By-Laws made by the directors may be altered or
repealed by the stockholders.
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