1
                                                                    Exhibit 25.1

                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549

                                   ----------
                                    FORM T-1
                                   ----------

                   STATEMENT OF ELIGIBILITY AND QUALIFICATION
             UNDER THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939, AS AMENDED, OF A
                    CORPORATION DESIGNATED TO ACT AS TRUSTEE
                                   ----------

                            FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK
               (Exact name of trustee as specified in its charter)

United States National Bank                           22-1147033
(State of incorporation if                            (I.R.S. employer
not a national bank)                                  identification no.)

First Union National Bank
230 South Tryon Street, 9th Floor
Charlotte, North Carolina                             28288-1179
(Address of principal                                 (Zip Code)
executive offices)

                                  Same as above

                 (Name, address and telephone number, including
                   area code, of trustee's agent for service)

                         The J.H. Heafner Company, Inc.
               (Exact name of obliger as specified in its charter)

                                 North Carolina

         (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

                                   56-0754594
                      (I.R.S. employer identification no.)

                               William H. Gaither
                 Director, Chief Executive Officer and President
                       2105 Water Ridge Parkway, Suite 500
                               Charlotte, NC 28217
                                 (704) 423-8989

          (Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)
                              --------------------

                                  Senior Notes

                       (Title of the indenture securities)
                ------------------------------------------------

   2
1.       General information.  Furnish the following information as to
         the trustee:

         (a)      Name and address of each examining or supervising authority to
                  which it is subject

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         Name                                                  Address

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, VA                      Richmond, VA

Comptroller of the Currency                               Washington, D.C.

Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Market Regulation                             Washington, D.C.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation                     Washington, D.C.

         (b)      Whether it is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

                  The trustee is authorized to exercise corporate trust powers.

2.       Affiliations with obligor and underwriters. If the obligor or any
         underwriter for the obligor is an affiliate of the trustee, describe
         each such affiliation.

         None.

         (See Note 1 on Page 4.)


Because the obligor is not in default on any securities issued under indentures
under which the applicant is trustee, Items 3 through 15 are not required
herein.

16.      List of Exhibits.

         All exhibits identified below are filed as a part of this statement of
         eligibility.

         1.       A copy of the Articles of Association of First Union National
                  Bank as now in effect, which contain the authority to commence
                  business and a grant of powers to exercise corporate trust
                  powers.



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         2.       A copy of the certificate of authority of the trustee to
                  commence business, if not contained in the Articles of
                  Association.

         3.       A copy of the authorization of the trustee to exercise
                  corporate trust powers, if such authorization is not contained
                  in the documents specified in exhibits (1) or (2) above.

         4.       A copy of the existing By-laws of First Union National Bank,
                  or instruments corresponding thereto.

         5.       Inapplicable.

         6.       The consent of the trustee required by Section 321(b) of the
                  Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is included at Page 4 of this Form
                  T-1 Statement.

         7.       A copy of the latest report of condition of the trustee
                  published pursuant to law or to the requirements of its
                  supervising or examining authority is attached hereto.

         8.       Inapplicable.

         9.       Inapplicable.



                                        3
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                                      NOTE

Note 1: Inasmuch as this Form T-1 is filed prior to the ascertainment by the
Trustee of all facts on which to base a responsive answer to Item 2, the answer
to said Item is based on incomplete information. Item 2 may, however, be
considered correct unless amended by an amendment to this Form T-1.


                                    SIGNATURE

         Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as
amended, the trustee, First Union National Bank, a national association
organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, has duly
caused this statement of eligibility and qualification to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of
Charlotte, and State of North Carolina, on the 17th day of August, 1998.

                                          FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK
                                          (trustee)


                                          By: /s/ Shannon Schwartz
                                             Its: Asst. Vice President


                               CONSENT OF TRUSTEE

         Under section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended,
and in connection with the proposed issuance by The J.H. Heafner Company of its
Senior Notes, First Union National Bank as the trustee herein named, hereby
consents that reports of examinations of said Trustee by Federal, State,
Territorial or District authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the
Securities and Exchange Commission upon requests therefor.

                                          FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK


                                          By: /s/ Shannon Schwartz
                                             Name: Shannon Schwartz
                                             Title: Asst. Vice President


Dated: August 17, 1998



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Legal Title of Bank:       First Union National Bank    Call Date: 3/31/98  ST-BK:  37-0351   FFIEC 031
Address:                   Two First Union Center                                             Page RC-1
City, State, Zip:          Charlotte, NC  28288-0201
FDIC Certificate #:        04885




CONSOLIDATED REPORT OF CONDITION FOR INSURED COMMERCIAL
AND STATE-CHARTERED SAVINGS BANKS FOR MARCH 31, 1998

All schedules are to be reported in thousands of dollars. Unless otherwise
indicated, report the amount outstanding as of the last business day of the
quarter.

SCHEDULE RC--BALANCE SHEET



                                                                                                                     C400
                   Dollar Amount in Thousands                                                   RCFD    Bil   Mil    Thou
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                     
ASSETS                                                                                          /////////////////////////
 1.  Cash and balances due from depository institutions (from Schedule RC-A):                   /////////////////////////
      a. Noninterest-bearing balances and currency and coin (1)...........................      0081            7,346,667    1.a.
      b. Interest-bearing balances (2)....................................................      0071               12,481    1.b.
                                                                                                
 2.  Securities:                                                                                /////////////////////////
      a. Held-to-maturity securities (from Schedule RC-B, column A).......................      1754            1,937,159    2.a.
      b. Available-for-sale securities (from Schedule RC-B, column D).....................      1773           31,508,601    2.b.
                                                                                                
 3.  Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell...............      1350            4,501,133    3.
                                                                                                
 4.  Loans and lease financing receivables                                                      /////////////////////////
      a. Loans and leases, net of unearned income (from Schedule RC-C)RCFD 2122 83,315,758      /////////////////////////    4.a.
      b. LESS: Allowance for loan and lease losses.................   RCFD 3123  1,005,217      /////////////////////////    4.b.
      c. LESS: Allocated transfer risk reserve.....................   RCFD 3128          0      /////////////////////////    4.c.
      d. Loans and leases, net of unearned income,                                              /////////////////////////
         allowance, and reserve (item 4.a minus 4.b and 4.c)..............................      2126           96,830,110    4.d.
                                                                                                
 5.  Trading assets (from Schedule RC-D)..................................................      3545            3,818,431    5.
                                                                                                
 6.  Premises and fixed assets (including capitalized leases).............................      2145            2,660,908    6.
                                                                                                
 7.  Other real estate owned (from Schedule RC-M).........................................      2150              112,869    7.
                                                                                                
 8.  Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies                        
         (from Schedule RC-M) ............................................................      2180              269,234    8.
                                                                                                
 9.  Customers' liability to this bank on acceptances outstanding.........................      2155              575,447    9.
                                                                                                
10.  Intangible assets (from Schedule RC-M)...............................................      2143            2,896,263   10.
                                                                                                
11.  Other assets (from Schedule RC-F)....................................................      2160            7,274,331   11.
                                                                                                
12.  Total assets (sum of items 1 through 11).............................................      2170          159,743,634   12.  


- ----------
(1)      Includes cash items in process of collection and unposted debits.

(2)      Includes time certificates of deposit not held for trading.





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Legal Title of Bank:       First Union National Bank                Call Date: 3/31/98  ST-BK:  37-0351   FFIEC 031
Address:                   Two First Union Center                                                         Page RC-1
City, State, Zip:          Charlotte, NC  28288-0201
FDIC Certificate #:        04885



Schedule RC--Continued



                                                          Dollar Amount in Thousands    Bil          Mil          Thou
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                  
LIABILITIES                                                                             ////////////////////////////////
13.  Deposits:                                                                          ////////////////////////////////
      a. In domestic offices (sum of totals of columns A and C from Schedule RC-E,      ////////////////////////////////
         part I) ....................................................................   RCON 2200            101,438,219    13.a.

         (1)  Noninterest-bearing (1) .................        RCON 6631   19,061,893   ////////////////////////////////    13.a.(1)
                                                          
         (2)  Interest-bearing ........................        RCON 6636   82,376,326   ////////////////////////////////    13.a.(2)
                                                          
      b. In foreign offices, Edge and Agreement subsidiaries, and IBFs 
         (from Schedule RC-E, part II)                                                  ///////////////////////////////
                                                                                       RCFN 2200              5,487,257     13.b.

         (1)  Noninterest-bearing .....................        RCFN 6631       29,619  ////////////////////////////////     13.b.(1)
                                                          
         (2)  Interest-bearing ........................        RCFN 6636    5,457,638  ////////////////////////////////     13.b.(2)
                                                          
14.  Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase......  RCFD 2800             24,525,123     14.

15.   a. Demand notes issued to the U.S. Treasury....................................  RCON 2840                426,758     15.a.

      b. Trading liabilities (from Schedule RC-D)....................................  RCFD 3548              4,547,787     15.b.

16.  Other borrowed money (includes mortgage indebtedness and obligations under        ////////////////////////////////
     capitalized leases):............................................................  ////////////////////////////////

      a. With a remaining maturity of one year or less...............................  RCFD 2332              3,391,194     16.a.

      b. With a remaining maturity of more than one year through three years.........  RCFD A547                635,109     16.b.

      c. With a remaining maturity of more than three years..........................  RCFD A548                416,618     16.c.

17.  Not applicable..................................................................  ////////////////////////////////

18.  Bank's liability on acceptances executed and outstanding........................  RCFD 2920                575,222  18.

19.  Subordinated notes and debentures (2)...........................................  RCFD 3200              2,797,773  19.

20.  Other liabilities (from Schedule RC-G)..........................................  RCFD 2930              3,662,892  20.

21.  Total liabilities (sum of items 13 through 20)..................................  RCFD 2948            147,903,952  21.

22.  Not applicable..................................................................  ///////////////////////////////

EQUITY CAPITAL                                                                         ///////////////////////////////

23.  Perpetual preferred stock and related surplus...................................  RCFD 3838               160,540   23.

24.  Common stock....................................................................  RCFD 3230                82,795   24.

25.  Surplus (exclude all surplus related to preferred stock)........................  RCFD 3839             8,532,323   25.

26.  a.  Undivided profits and capital reserves......................................  RCFD 3632             2,823,904   26.a.

     b.  Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities......  RCFD 8434               204,120   26.b.

27.  Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.............................  RCFD 3284                     0   27.

28.  Total equity capital (sum of items 23 through 27)...............................  RCFD 3210            11,839,682   28.

29.  Total liabilities and equity capital (sum of items 21 and 28)...................  RCFD 3300           159,743,634   29.


Memorandum
To be reported only with the March Report of Condition.


                                                                                               
 1.  Indicate in the box at the right the number of the statement below that best describes the
      most comprehensive level of auditing work performed for the bank by independent external                    Number
      auditors as of any date during 1996............................................             RCFD 6724  N/A   M.1.



1   =    Independent audit of the bank conducted in accordance with generally
         accepted auditing standards by a certified public accounting firm which
         submits a report on the bank

2   =    Independent audit of the bank's parent holding company conducted in
         accordance with generally accepted auditing standards by a certified
         public accounting firm which submits a report on the consolidated
         holding company (but not on the bank separately)

3   =    Directors' examination of the bank conducted in accordance with
         generally accepted auditing standards by a certified public accounting
         firm (may be required by state chartering authority)

4   =    Directors' examination of the bank performed by other external auditors
         (may be required by state chartering authority)

5   =    Review of the bank's financial statements by external auditors

6   =    Compilation of the bank's financial statements by external auditors

7   =    Other audit procedures (excluding tax preparation work)

8   =    No external audit work



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(1)      Includes total demand deposits and noninterest-bearing time and savings
         deposit.

(2)      Includes limited-life preferred stock and related surplus.




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                                                               Charter No. 22693

                            FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK

                             ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
                    (as restated effective February 26, 1998)

For the purpose of organizing an Association to carry on the business of banking
under the laws of the United States, the undersigned do enter into the following
Articles of Association:

         FIRST. The title of this Association shall be FIRST UNION NATIONAL
BANK.

         SECOND. The main office of the Association shall be in Charlotte,
County of Mecklenburg, State of North Carolina. The general business of the
Association shall be conducted at its main office and its branches.

         THIRD. The Board of Directors of this Association shall consist of not
less than five nor more than twenty-five directors, the exact number of
directors within such minimum and maximum limits to be fixed and determined from
time to time by resolution of a majority of the full Board of Directors or by
resolution of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Unless
otherwise provided by the laws of the United States, any vacancy in the Board of
Directors for any reason, including an increase in the number thereof, may be
filled by action of the Board of Directors.

         FOURTH. The annual meeting of the shareholders for the election of
directors and the transaction of whatever other business may be brought before
said meeting shall be held at the main office or such other place as the Board
of Directors may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the
ByLaws, but if no election is held on that day, it may be held on any subsequent
day according to the provisions of law; and all elections shall be held
according to such lawful regulations as may be prescribed by the Board of
Directors.

         Nominations for election to the Board of Directors may be made by the
Board of Directors or by any stockholder of any outstanding class of capital
stock of the bank entitled to vote for election of directors. Nominations, other
than those made by or on behalf of the existing management of the bank, shall be
made in writing and shall be delivered or mailed to the President of the bank
and to the Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D.C., not less than 14
   8
days nor more than 50 days prior to any meeting of stockholders called for the
election of directors, provided, however, that if less than 21 days' notice of
the meeting is given to shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or
delivered to the President of the Bank and to the Comptroller of the Currency
not later than the close of business on the seventh day following the day on
which the notice of meeting was mailed. Such notification shall contain the
following information to the extent known to the notifying shareholder: (a) the
name and address of each proposed nominee; (b) the principal occupation of each
proposed nominee; (c) the total number of shares of capital stock of the bank
that will be voted for each proposed nominee; (d) the name and residence address
of the notifying shareholder; and (e) the number of shares of capital stock of
the bank owned by the notifying shareholder. Nominations not made in accordance
herewith may, in his discretion, be disregarded by the Chairman of the meeting,
and upon his instructions, the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for
each such nominee.

         FIFTH.

         (a) General. The amount of capital stock of this Association shall be
(I) 25,000,000 shares of common stock of the par value of twenty dollars
($20.00) each (the "Common Stock") and (ii) 160,540 shares of preferred stock of
the par value of one dollar ($ 1. 00) each (the "Non-Cumulative Preferred
Stock"), having the rights, privileges and preferences set forth below, but said
capital stock may be increased or decreased from time to time in accordance with
the provisions of the laws of the United States.

         (b) Terms of the Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock.

         1. General. Each share of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock shall be
         identical in all respects with the other shares of Non-Cumulative
         Preferred Stock. The authorized number of shares of Non-Cumulative
         Preferred Stock may from time to time be increased or decreased (but
         not below the number then outstanding) by the Board of Directors.
         Shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock redeemed by the Association
         shall be canceled and shall revert to authorized but unissued shares of
         Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock.

         2. Dividends.

                  (a) General. The holders of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock
                  shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the
                  Board of Directors, but only out of funds legally available
                  therefor, non-cumulative cash dividends at the annual rate of
                  $83.75 per share, and no more, payable quarterly on the first
                  days of December, March, June and September, respectively, in


                                       2
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                  each year with respect to the quarterly dividend period (or
                  portion thereof) ending on the day preceding such respective
                  dividend payment date, to shareholders of record on the
                  respective date, not exceeding fifty days preceding such
                  dividend payment date, fixed for that purpose by the Board of
                  Directors in advance of payment of each particular dividend.
                  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the cash dividend to be paid on
                  the first dividend payment date after the initial issuance of
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock and on any dividend payment
                  date with respect to a partial dividend period shall be $83.75
                  per share multiplied by the fraction produced by dividing the
                  number of days since such initial issuance or in such partial
                  dividend period, as the case may be, by 360.

                  (b) Non-cumulative Dividends. Dividends on the shares of
                  Non-cumulative Stock shall not be cumulative and no rights
                  shall accrue to the holders of shares of NonCumulative
                  Preferred Stock by reason of the fact that the Association may
                  fail to declare or pay dividends on the shares of
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock in any amount in any quarterly
                  dividend period, whether or not the earnings of the
                  Association in any quarterly dividend period were sufficient
                  to pay such dividends in whole or in part, and the Association
                  shall have no obligation at any time to pay any such dividend.

                  (c) Payment of Dividends. So long as any share of
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock remains outstanding, no
                  dividend whatsoever shall be paid or declared and no
                  distribution made on any junior stock other than a dividend
                  payable in junior stock, and no shares of junior stock shall
                  be purchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired for consideration
                  by the Association, directly or indirectly (other than as a
                  result of a reclassification of junior stock, or the exchange
                  or conversion of one junior stock for or into another junior
                  stock, or other than through the use of the proceeds of a
                  substantially contemporaneous sale of other junior stock),
                  unless all dividends on all shares of non-cumulative Preferred
                  Stock and non-cumulative Preferred Stock ranking on a parity
                  as to dividends with the shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred
                  Stock for the most recent dividend period ended prior to the
                  date of such payment or declaration shall have been paid in
                  full and all dividends on all shares of cumulative Preferred
                  Stock ranking on a parity as to dividends with the shares of
                  Non-Cumulative Stock (notwithstanding that dividends on such
                  stock are cumulative) for all past dividend periods shall have
                  been paid in full. Subject to the foregoing, and not
                  otherwise, such dividends (payable in cash, stock or
                  otherwise) as may be determined by the Board of Directors may
                  be declared and paid on any junior stock from time to time out
                  of any funds legally available therefor, and the
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred


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                  Stock shall not be entitled to participate in any such
                  dividends, whether payable in cash, stock or otherwise. No
                  dividends shall be paid or declared upon any shares of any
                  class or series of stock of the Association ranking on a
                  parity (whether dividends on such stock are cumulative or
                  non-cumulative) with the Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock in the
                  payment of dividends for any period unless at or prior to the
                  time of such payment or declaration all dividends payable on
                  the Non-cumulative Preferred Stock for the most recent
                  dividend period ended prior to the date of such payment or
                  declaration shall have been paid in full. When dividends are
                  not paid in full, as aforesaid, upon the Non-Cumulative
                  Preferred Stock and any other series of Preferred Stock
                  ranking on a parity as to dividends (whether dividends on such
                  stock are cumulative or non-cumulative) with the
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, all dividends declared upon
                  the NonCumulative Preferred Stock and any other series of
                  Preferred Stock ranking on a parity as to dividends with the
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock shall be declared pro rata so
                  that the amount of dividends declared per share on the
                  Non-cumulative Preferred Stock and such other Preferred Stock
                  shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that
                  accrued dividends per share on the Non-Cumulative Preferred
                  Stock (but without any accumulation in respect of any unpaid
                  dividends for prior dividend periods on the shares of
                  Non-Cumulative Stock) and such other Preferred Stock bear to
                  each other. No interest, or sum of money in lieu of interest,
                  shall be payable in respect of any dividend payment or
                  payments on the Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock which may be in
                  arrears.

         3.       Voting. The holders of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock shall
                  not have any right to vote for the election of directors or
                  for any other purpose.

         4.       Redemption.

                  (a) Optional Redemption. The Association, at the option of the
                  Board of Directors, may redeem the whole or any part of the
                  shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock at the time
                  outstanding, at any time or from time to time after the fifth
                  anniversary of the date of original issuance of the
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, upon notice given as
                  hereinafter specified, at the redemption price per share equal
                  to $1,000 plus an amount equal to the amount of accrued and
                  unpaid dividends from the immediately preceding dividend
                  payment date (but without any accumulation for unpaid
                  dividends for prior dividend periods on the shares of
                  NonCumulative Preferred Stock) to the redemption date.

                  (b) Procedures. Notice of every redemption of shares of
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock shall be mailed by first class
                  mail, postage prepaid,


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                  addressed to the holders of record of the shares to be
                  redeemed at their respective last addresses as they shall
                  appear on the books of the Association. Such mailing shall be
                  at least 10 days and not more than 60 days prior to the date
                  fixed for redemption. Any notice which is mailed in the manner
                  herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been
                  duly given, whether or not the shareholder receives such
                  notice, and failure duly to give such notice by mail, or any
                  defect in such notice, to any holder of shares of
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock designated for redemption shall
                  not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption
                  of any other shares of NonCumulative Preferred Stock.

                  In case of redemption of a part only of the shares of
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock at the time outstanding the
                  redemption may be either pro rata or by lot or by such other
                  means as the Board of Directors of the Association in its
                  discretion shall determine. The Board of Directors shall have
                  full power and authority, subject to the provisions herein
                  contained, to prescribe the terms and conditions upon which
                  shares of the Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock shall be redeemed
                  from time to time.

                  If notice of redemption shall have been duly given, and, if on
                  or before the redemption date specified therein, all funds
                  necessary for such redemption shall have been set aside by the
                  Association, separate and apart from its other funds, in trust
                  for the pro rata benefit of the holders of the shares called
                  for redemption, so as to be and continue to be available
                  therefor, then, notwithstanding that any certificate for
                  shares so called for redemption shall not have been
                  surrendered for cancellation, all shares so called for
                  redemption shall no longer be deemed outstanding on and after
                  such redemption date, and all rights with respect to such
                  shares shall forthwith on such redemption date cease and
                  terminate, except only the right of the holders thereof to,
                  receive the amount payable on redemption thereof, without
                  interest.

                  If such notice of redemption shall have been duly given or if
                  the Association shall have given to the bank or trust company
                  hereinafter referred to irrevocable authorization promptly to
                  give such notice, and, if on or before the redemption date
                  specified therein, the funds necessary for such redemption
                  shall have been deposited by the Association with such bank or
                  trust company in trust for the pro rata benefit of the holders
                  of the shares called for redemption, then, notwithstanding
                  that any certificate for shares so called for redemption shall
                  not have been surrendered for cancellation, from and after the
                  time of such deposit, all shares so called for redemption
                  shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights
                  with respect to such shares shall forthwith cease and
                  terminate, except


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                  only the right of the holders thereof to receive from such
                  bank or trust company at any time after the time of such
                  deposit the funds so deposited, without interest. The
                  aforesaid bank or trust company shall be organized and in good
                  standing under the laws of the United States of America or any
                  state thereof, shall have capital, surplus and undivided
                  profits aggregating at least $50,000,000 according to its last
                  published statement of condition, and shall be identified in
                  the notice of redemption. Any interest accrued on such funds
                  shall be paid to the Association from time to time. In case
                  fewer than all the shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock
                  represented by a stock certificate are redeemed, a new
                  certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares
                  without cost to the holder thereof.

                  Any funds so set aside or deposited, as the case may be, and
                  unclaimed at the end of the relevant escheat period under
                  applicable state law from such redemption date shall, to the
                  extent permitted by law, be released or repaid to the
                  Association, after which repayment the holders of the shares
                  so called for redemption shall look only to the Association
                  for payment thereof.

         5.       Liquidation.

                  (a) Liquidation Preference. In the event of any voluntary
                  liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the
                  Association, the holders of Non-cumulative Preferred Stock
                  shall be entitled, before any distribution or payment is made
                  to the holders of any junior stock, to be paid in full an
                  amount per share equal to an amount equal to $1,000 plus an
                  amount equal to the amount of accrued and unpaid dividends per
                  share from the immediately preceding dividend payment date
                  (but without any accumulation for unpaid dividends for prior
                  dividend periods on the shares of Non-cumulative Preferred
                  Stock) per share to such distribution or payment date (the
                  "liquidation amount").

                  In the event of any involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
                  winding up of the affairs of the Association, then, before any
                  distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of any
                  junior stock, the holders of Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock
                  shall be entitled to be paid in full an amount per share equal
                  to the liquidation amount.

                  If such payment shall have been made in full to all holders of
                  shares of NonCumulative Preferred Stock, the remaining assets
                  of the Association shall be distributed among the holders of
                  junior stock, according to their


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                  respective rights and preferences and in each case according
                  to their respective numbers of shares.

                  (b) Insufficient Assets. In the event that, upon any such
                  voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding
                  up, the available assets of the Association are insufficient
                  to pay such liquidation amount on all outstanding shares of
                  Noncumulative Preferred Stock, then the holders of
                  Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock shall share ratably in any
                  distribution of assets in proportion to the full amounts to
                  which they would otherwise be respectively entitled.

                  (c) Interpretation. For the purposes of this paragraph 5, the
                  consolidation or merger of the Association with any other
                  corporation or association shall not be deemed to constitute a
                  liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Association.

         6.       Preemptive Rights. The Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock is not
                  entitled to any preemptive, subscription, conversion or
                  exchange rights in respect of any securities of the
                  Association.

         7.       Definitions. As used herein with respect to the Non-Cumulative
                  Preferred Stock, the following terms shall have the following
                  meanings:

                  (a) The term "junior stock" shall mean the Common Stock and
                  any other class or series of shares of the Association
                  hereafter authorized over which the NonCumulative Preferred
                  Stock has preference or priority in the payment of dividends
                  or in the distribution of assets on any liquidation,
                  dissolution or winding up of the Association.

                  (b) The term "accrued dividends", with respect to any share of
                  any class or series, shall mean an amount computed at the
                  annual dividend rate for the class or series of which the
                  particular share is a part, from, if such share is cumulative,
                  the date on which dividends on such share became cumulative to
                  and including the date to which such dividends are to be
                  accrued, less the aggregate amount of all dividends
                  theretofore paid thereon and, if such share is noncumulative,
                  the relevant date designated to and including the date to
                  which such dividends are accrued, less the aggregate amount of
                  all dividends theretofore paid with respect to such period.

                  (c) The term "Preferred Stock" shall mean all outstanding
                  shares of all series of preferred stock of the Association as
                  defined in this Article Fifth of the Articles of Association,
                  as amended, of the Association.


                                       7
   14
         8.       Restriction on Transfer. No shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred
                  Stock, or any interest therein, may be sold, pledged,
                  transferred or otherwise disposed of without the prior written
                  consent of the Association. The foregoing restriction shall be
                  stated on any certificate for any shares of Non-Cumulative
                  Preferred Stock.

         9.       Additional Rights. The shares of Non-Cumulative Preferred
                  Stock shall not have any relative, participating, optional or
                  other special rights and powers other than as set forth
                  herein.

         SIXTH. The Board of Directors shall appoint one of its members
President of this Association, who shall be Chairman of the Board, unless the
Board appoints another director to be the Chairman. The Board of Directors shall
have the power to appoint one or more Vice Presidents; and to appoint a cashier
or such other officers and employees as may be required to transact the business
of this Association.

         The Board of Directors shall have the power to define the duties of the
officers and employees of the Association, to fix the salaries to be paid to
them; to dismiss them, to require bonds from them and to fix the penalty
thereof; to regulate the manner in which any increase of the capital of the
Association shall be made; to manage and administer the business and affairs of
the Association; to make all By-Laws that it may be lawful for them to make; and
generally to do and perform all acts that it may be legal for a Board of
Directors to do and perform.

         SEVENTH. The Board of Directors shall have the power to change the
location of the main office to any other place within the limits of Charlotte,
North Carolina, without the approval of the shareholders but subject to the
approval of the Comptroller of the Currency; and shall have the power to
establish or change the location of any branch or branches of the Association to
any other location, without the approval of the shareholders but subject to the
approval of the Comptroller of the Currency.

         EIGHTH. The corporate existence of this Association shall continue
until terminated in accordance with the laws of the United States.

         NINTH. The Board of Directors of this Association, or any three or more
shareholders owning, in the aggregate, not less than 10 percent of the stock of
this Association, may call a special meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless
otherwise provided by the laws of the United States, a notice of the time,
place, and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall
be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed at least ten days prior to
the


                                       8
   15
date of such meeting to each shareholder of record at his address as shown upon
the books of this Association.

         TENTH. Each director and executive officer of this Association shall be
indemnified by the association against liability in any proceeding (including
without limitation a proceeding brought by or on behalf of the Association
itself) arising out of his status as such or his activities in either of the
foregoing capacities, except for any liability incurred on account of activities
which were at the time taken known or believed by such person to be clearly in
conflict with the best interests of the Association. Liabilities incurred by a
director or executive officer of the Association in defending a proceeding shall
be paid by the Association in advance of the final disposition of such
proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by the director or executive officer
to repay such amount if it shall be determined, as provided in the last
paragraph of this Article Tenth, that he is not entitled to be indemnified by
the Association against such liabilities.

         The indemnity against liability in the preceding paragraph of this
Article Tenth, including liabilities incurred in defending a proceeding, shall
be automatic and self-operative.

         Any director, officer or employee of this Association who serves at the
request of the Association as a director, officer, employee or agent of a
charitable, not-for-profit, religious, educational or hospital corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or a trade association,
or as a trustee or administrator under an employee benefit plan, or who serves
at the request of the Association as a director, officer or employee of a
business corporation in connection with the administration of an estate or trust
by the Association, shall have the right to be indemnified by the Association,
subject to the provisions set forth in the following paragraph of this Article
Tenth, against liabilities in any manner arising out of or attributable to such
status or activities in any such capacity, except for any liability incurred on
account of activities which were at the time taken known or believed by such
person to be clearly in conflict with the best interests of the Association, or
of the corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise, Association
or plan being served by such person.

         In the case of all persons except the directors and executive officers
of the Association, the determination of whether a person is entitled to
indemnification under the preceding paragraph of this Article Tenth shall be
made by and in the sole discretion of the Chief Executive Officer of the
Association. In the case of the directors and executive officers of the
Association, the indemnity against


                                       9
   16
liability in the preceding paragraph of this Article Tenth shall be automatic
and self-operative.

         For purposes of this Article Tenth of these Articles of Association
only, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:

         (a) "Association" means First Union National Bank and its direct and
indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries.

         (b) "Director" means an individual who is or was a director of the
Association.

         (c) "Executive officer" means an officer of the Association who by
resolution of the Board of Directors of the Association has been determined to
be an executive officer of the Association for purposes of Regulation O of the
Federal Reserve Board.

         (d) "Liability" means the obligation to pay a judgment, settlement,
penalty, fine (including an excise tax assessed with respect to an employee
benefit plan), or reasonable expenses, including counsel fees and expenses,
incurred with respect to a proceeding.

         (e) "Party" includes an individual who was, is, or is threatened to be
made a named defendant or respondent in a proceeding.

         (f) "Proceeding" means any threatened, pending, or completed claim,
action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or
investigative and whether formal or informal.

         The Association shall have no obligation to indemnify any person for an
amount paid in settlement of a proceeding unless the Association consents in
writing to such settlement.

         The right to indemnification herein provided for shall apply to persons
who are directors, officers, or employees of banks or other entities that are
hereafter merged or otherwise combined with the Association only after the
effective date of such merger or other combination and only as to their status
and activities after such date.

         The right to indemnification herein provided for shall inure to the
benefit of the heirs and legal representatives of any person entitled to such
right.


                                       10
   17
         No revocation of, change in, or adoption of any resolution or provision
in the Articles of Association or By-laws of the Association inconsistent with,
this Article Tenth shall adversely affect the rights of any director, officer,
or employee of the Association with respect to (i) any proceeding commenced or
threatened prior to such revocation, change, or adoption, or (ii) any proceeding
arising out of any act or omission occurring prior to such revocation, change,
or adoption, in either case, without the written consent of such director,
officer, or employee.

         The rights hereunder shall be in addition to and not exclusive of any
other rights to which a director, officer, or employee of the Association may be
entitled under any statute, agreement, insurance policy, or otherwise.

         The Association shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance
on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, or employee of the
Association, or is or was serving at the request of the Association as a
director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust, trade association, employee benefit plan, or other enterprise,
against any liability asserted against such director, officer, or employee in
any such capacity, or arising out of their status as such, whether or not the
Association would have the power to indemnify such director, officer, or
employee against such liability, excluding insurance coverage for a formal order
assessing civil money penalties against an Association director or employee.

         Notwithstanding anything to the contrary provided herein, no person
shall have a right to indemnification with respect to any liability (i) incurred
in an administrative proceeding or action instituted by an appropriate bank
regulatory agency which proceeding or action results in a final order assessing
civil money penalties or requiring affirmative action by an individual or
individuals in the form of payments to the Association, (ii) to the extent such
person is entitled to receive payment therefor under any insurance policy or
from any corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, trade association,
employee benefit plan, or other enterprise other than the Association, or (iii)
to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction determines that such
indemnification is void or prohibited under state or federal law.

         ELEVENTH. These Articles of Association may be amended at any regular
or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of
a majority of the stock of this Association, unless the vote of holders of a
greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case, by the vote of the
holders of such greater amount.


                                       11
   18
                                   BY-LAWS OF

                            FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK

                                Charter No. 22693

                     As Restated Effective February 26, 1998
   19
                                   BY-LAWS OF

                            FIRST UNION NATIONAL BANK

                                    ARTICLE I

                            Meetings of Shareholders

         Section 1.1 Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders for
the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may
properly come before the meeting shall be held on the third Tuesday of April in
each year, commencing with the year 1998, except that the Board of Directors
may, from time to time and upon passage of a resolution specifically setting
forth its reasons, set such other date for such meeting during the month of
April as the Board of Directors may deem necessary or appropriate; provided,
however, that if an annual meeting would otherwise fall on a legal holiday, then
such annual meeting shall be held on the second business day following such
legal holiday. The holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to
vote which are represented at any meeting of the shareholders may choose persons
to act as Chairman and as Secretary of the meeting.

         Section 1.2 Special Meetings. Except as otherwise specifically provided
by statute, special meetings of the shareholders may be called for any purpose
at any time by the Board of Directors or by any three or more shareholders
owning, in the aggregate, not less than ten percent of the stock of the
Association. Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall
be called by mailing, postage prepaid, not less than ten days prior to the date
fixed for such meeting, to each shareholder at his address appearing on the
books of the Association, a notice stating the purpose of the meeting.

         Section 1.3 Nominations for Directors. Nominations for election to the
Board of Directors may be made by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder
of any outstanding class of capital stock of the bank entitled to vote for the
election of directors. Nominations, other than those made by or on behalf of the
existing management of the bank, shall be made in writing and shall be delivered
or mailed to the President of the Bank and to the Comptroller of the Currency,
Washington, D. C., not less than 14 days nor more than 50 days prior to any
meeting of stockholders called for the election of directors, provided however,
that if less than 21 days' notice of such meeting is given to


                                       2
   20
shareholders, such nomination shall be mailed or delivered to the President of
the Bank and to the Comptroller of the Currency not later than the close of
business on the seventh day following the day on which the notice of meeting was
mailed. Such notification shall contain the following information to the extent
known to the notifying shareholder: (a) the name and address of each proposed
nominee; (b) the principal occupation of each proposed nominee; (c) the total
number of shares of capital stock of the bank that will be voted for each
proposed nominee; (d) the name and residence address of the notifying
shareholder; and (e) the number of shares of capital stock of the bank owned by
the notifying shareholder. Nominations not made in accordance herewith may, in
his discretion, be disregarded by the chairman of the meeting, and upon his
instructions, the vote tellers may disregard all votes cast for each such
nominee.

         Section 1.4 Judges of Election. The Board may at any time appoint from
among the shareholders three or more persons to serve as Judges of Election at
any meeting of shareholders; to act as judges and tellers with respect to all
votes by ballot at such meeting and to file with the Secretary of the meeting a
Certificate under their hands, certifying the result thereof.

         Section 1.5 Proxies. Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the
shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing, but no officer or employee
of this Association shall act as proxy. Proxies shall be valid only for one
meeting, to be specified therein, and any adjournments of such meeting. Proxies
shall be dated and shall be filed with the records of the meeting.

         Section 1.6 Quorum. A majority of the outstanding capital stock,
represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of
shareholders, unless otherwise provided by law; but less than a quorum may
adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held, as
adjourned, without further notice. A majority of the votes cast shall decide
every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting, unless
otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Association.

                                   ARTICLE II

                                    Directors

         Section 2.1 Board of Directors. The Board of Directors (hereinafter
referred to as the "Board"), shall have power to manage and administer the
business and affairs of the Association. Except as expressly limited by law, all
corporate powers of the Association shall be vested in and may be exercised by
said Board.


                                       3
   21
         Section 2.2 Number. The Board shall consist of not less than five nor
more than twenty-five directors, the exact number within such minimum and
maximum limits to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a
majority of the full Board or by resolution of the shareholders at any meeting
thereof; provided, however, that a majority of the full Board of Directors may
not increase the number of directors to a number which, (1) exceeds by more than
two the number of directors last elected by shareholders where such number was
fifteen or less, and (2) to a number which exceeds by more than four the number
of directors last elected by shareholders where such number was sixteen or more,
but in no event shall the number of directors exceed twenty-five.

         Section 2.3 Organization Meeting. The Secretary of the meeting upon
receiving the certificate of the judges, of the result of any election, shall
notify the directors-elect of their election and of the time at which they are
required to meet at the Main Office of the Association for the purpose of
organizing the new Board and electing and appointing officers of the Association
for the succeeding year. Such meeting shall be held as soon thereafter as
practicable. If, at the time fixed for such meeting, there shall not be a quorum
present, the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time, until
a quorum is obtained.

         Section 2.4 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of
Directors shall be held at such place and time as may be designated by
resolution of the Board of Directors. Upon adoption of such resolution, no
further notice of such meeting dates or the places or times thereof shall be
required. Upon the failure of the Board of Directors to adopt such a resolution,
regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held, without notice, on the
third Tuesday in February, April, June, August, October and December, commencing
with the year 1997, at the main office or at such other place and time as may be
designated by the Board of Directors. When any regular meeting of the Board
would otherwise fall on a holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next
business day unless the Board shall designate some other day.

         Section 2.5 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of
Directors may be called by the President of the Association, or at the request
of three (3) or more directors. Each member of the Board of Directors shall be
given notice stating the time and place, by telegram, letter, or in person, of
each such special meeting.

         Section 2.6 Quorum. A majority of the directors shall constitute a
quorum at any meeting, except when otherwise provided by law; but a less


                                       4
   22
number may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held,
as adjourned, without further notice.

         Section 2.7 Vacancies. When any vacancy occurs among the directors, the
remaining members of the Board, in accordance with the laws of the United
States, may appoint a director to fill such vacancy at any regular meeting of
the Board, or at a special meeting called for that purpose.

         Section 2.8 Advisory Boards. The Board of Directors may appoint
Advisory Boards for each of the states in which the Association conducts
operations. Each such Advisory Board shall consist of as many persons as the
Board of Directors may determine. The duties of each Advisory Board shall be to
consult and advise with the Board of Directors and senior officers of the
Association in such state with regard to the best interests of the Association
and to perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may lawfully
delegate. The senior officer in such state, or such officers as directed by such
senior officer, may appoint advisory boards for geographic regions within such
state and may consult with the State Advisory Boards prior to such appointments.

                                   ARTICLE III

                             Committees of the Board

         Section 3.1 The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority
of the number of directors fixed by these By-Laws, may designate two or more
directors to constitute an Executive Committee and other committees, each of
which, to the extent authorized by law and provided in such resolution, shall
have and may exercise all of the authority of the Board of Directors and the
management of the Association. The designation of any committee and the
delegation thereto of authority shall not operate to relieve the Board of
Directors, or any member thereof, of any responsibility or liability imposed
upon it or any member of the Board of Directors by law. The Board of Directors
reserves to itself alone the power to act on (1) dissolution, merger or
consolidation, or disposition of substantially all corporate property, (2)
designation of committees or filling vacancies on the Board of Directors or on a
committee of the Board (except as hereinafter provided), (3) adoption, amendment
or repeal of By-laws, (4) amendment or repeal of any resolution of the Board
which by its terms is not so amendable or repealable, and (5) declaration of
dividends, issuance of stock, or recommendations to stockholders of any action
requiring stockholder approval.

         The Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the
Association may change the membership of any committee at any time, fill


                                       5
   23
vacancies therein, discharge any committee or member thereof either with or
without cause at any time, and change at any time the authority and
responsibility of any such committee.

         A majority of the members of any committee of the Board of Directors
may fix such committee's rules of procedure. All action by any committee shall
be reported to the Board of Directors at a meeting succeeding such action,
except such actions as the Board may not require to be reported to it in the
resolution creating any such committee. Any action by any committee shall be
subject to revision, alteration, and approval by the Board of Directors, except
to the extent otherwise provided in the resolution creating such committee;
provided, however, that no rights or acts of third parties shall be affected by
any such revision or alteration.

                                   ARTICLE IV

                             Officers and Employees

         Section 4.1 Officers. The officers of the Association may be a Chairman
of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, one or more Chairmen or Vice
Chairmen (who shall not be required to be directors of the Association), a
President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary, a Cashier or Treasurer, and
such other officers, including officers holding similar or equivalent titles to
the above in regions, divisions or functional units of the Association, as may
be appointed by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board and the
President shall be members of the Board of Directors. Any two or more offices
may be held by one person, but no officer shall sign or execute any document in
more than one capacity.

         Section 4.2 Election, Term of Office, and Qualification. Each officer
shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall hold office until the annual
meeting of the Board of Directors held next after his election or until his
successor shall have been duly chosen and qualified, or until his death, or
until he shall resign, or shall have been disqualified, or shall have been
removed from office.

         Section 4.2(a) Officers Acting as Assistant Secretary. Notwithstanding
Section 1 of these By-laws, any Senior Vice President, Vice President, or
Assistant Vice President shall have, by virtue of his office, and by authority
of the By-laws, the authority from time to time to act as an Assistant Secretary
of the Bank, and to such extent, said officers are appointed to the office of
Assistant Secretary.


                                       6
   24
         Section 4.3 Chief Executive Officer. The Board of Directors shall
designate one of its members to be the President of this Association, and the
officer so designated shall be an ex officio member of all committees of the
Association except the Examining Committee, and its Chief Executive Officer
unless some other officer is so designated by the Board of Directors.

         Section 4.4 Duties of Officers. The duties of all officers shall be
prescribed by the Board of Directors. Nevertheless, the Board of Directors may
delegate to the Chief Executive Officer the authority to prescribe the duties of
other officers of the corporation not inconsistent with law, the charter, and
these By-laws, and to appoint other employees, prescribe their duties, and to
dismiss them. Notwithstanding such delegation of authority, any officer or
employee also may be dismissed at any time by the Board of Directors.

         Section 4.5 Other Employees. The Board of Directors may appoint from
time to time such tellers, vault custodians, bookkeepers, and other clerks,
agents, and employees as it may deem advisable for the prompt and orderly
transaction of the business of the Association, define their duties, fix the
salary to be paid them, and dismiss them. Subject to the authority of the Board
of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or any other officer of the
Association authorized by him, may appoint and dismiss all such tellers, vault
custodians, bookkeepers and other clerks, agents, and employees, prescribe their
duties and the conditions of their employment, and from time to time fix their
compensation.

         Section 4.6 Removal and Resignation. Any officer or employee of the
Association may be removed either with or without cause by the Board of
Directors. Any employee other than an officer elected by the Board of Directors
may be dismissed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Section 4.5.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board of
Directors or to the Chief Executive Officer of the Association. Any such
resignation shall become effective upon its being accepted by the Board of
Directors, or the Chief Executive Officer.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                Fiduciary Powers

         Section 5.1 Capital Management Group. There shall be an area of this
Association known as the Capital Management Group which shall be responsible for
the exercise of the fiduciary powers of this Association. The Capital Management
Group shall consist of four service areas: Fiduciary Services, Retail Services,
Investments and Marketing. The Fiduciary Services unit shall consist of


                                       7
   25
personal trust, employee benefits, corporate trust and operations. The General
Office for the Fiduciary Services unit shall be located in Charlotte, N.C., with
City Trust Offices located in such cities within the State of North Carolina as
designated by the Board of Directors.

         Section 5.2 Trust Officers. There shall be a General Trust Officer of
this Association whose duties shall be to manage, supervise and direct all the
activities of the Capital Management Group. Further, there shall be one or more
Senior Trust Officers designated to assist the General Trust Officer in the
performance of his duties. They shall do or cause to be done all things
necessary or proper in carrying out the business of the Capital Management Group
in accordance with provisions of applicable law and regulation.

         Section 5.3 Capital Management/General Trust Committee. There shall be
a Capital Management/General Trust Committee composed of not less than four (4)
members of the Board of Directors or officers of this Association who shall be
appointed annually or from time to time by the Board of Directors of the
Association. The General Trust Officer shall serve as an ex-officio member of
the Committee. Each member shall serve until his successor is appointed. The
Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board may change the membership of the
Capital Management/General Trust Committee at any time, fill vacancies therein,
or discharge any member thereof with or without cause at any time. The Committee
shall counsel and advise on all matters relating to the business or affairs of
the Capital Management Group and shall adopt overall policies for the conduct of
the business of the Capital Management Group including but not limited to:
general administration, investment policies, new business development, and
review for approval of major assignments of functional responsibilities. The
Committee shall meet at least quarterly or as called for by its Chairman or any
three (3) members of the Committee. A quorum shall consist of three (3) members.
In carrying out its responsibilities, the Capital Management/General Trust
Committee shall review the actions of all officers, employees and committees
utilized by this Association in connection with the activities of the Capital
Management Group and may assign the administration and performance of any
fiduciary powers or duties to any of such officers or employees or to the
Investment Policy Committee, Personal Trust Administration Committee, Account
Review Committee, Corporate and Institutional Accounts Committee, or any other
committees it shall designate. One of the methods to be used in the review
process will be the thorough scrutiny of the Report of Examination by the Office
of the Comptroller of the Currency and the reports of the Audit Division of
First Union Corporation, as they relate to the activities of the Capital
Management Group. These reviews shall be in addition to reviews of such reports
by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Capital
Management/ General Trust


                                       8
   26
Committee shall be appointed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors. He shall
cause to be recorded in appropriate minutes all actions taken by the Committee.
The minutes shall be signed by its Secretary and approved by its Chairman.
Further, the Committee shall summarize all actions taken by it and shall submit
a report of its proceedings to the Board of Directors at its next regularly
scheduled meeting following a meeting of the Capital Management/General Trust
Committee. As required by Section 9.7 of Regulation 9 of the Comptroller of the
Currency, the Board of Directors retains responsibility for the proper exercise
of the fiduciary powers of this Association.

         The Fiduciary Services unit of the Capital Management Group will
maintain a list of securities approved for investment in fiduciary accounts and
will from time to time provide the Capital Management/General Trust Committee
with current information relative to such list and also with respect to
transactions in other securities not on such list. It is the policy of this
Association that members of the Capital Management/General Trust Committee
should not buy, sell or trade in securities which are on such approved list or
in any other securities in which the Fiduciary Services unit has taken, or
intends to take, a position in fiduciary accounts in any circumstances in which
any such transaction could be viewed as a possible conflict of interest or could
constitute a violation of applicable law or regulation. Accordingly, if any such
securities are owned by any member of the Capital Management/General Trust
Committee at the time of appointment to such Committee, the Capital Management
Group shall be promptly so informed in writing. If any member of the Capital
Management/General Trust Committee intends to buy, sell, or trade in any such
securities while serving as a member of the Committee, he should first notify
the Capital Management Group in order to make certain that any proposed
transaction will not constitute a violation of this policy or of applicable law
or regulation.

         Section 5.4 Investment Policy Committee. There shall be an Investment
Policy Committee composed of not less than seven (7) officers and/or employees
of this Association who shall be appointed annually or from time to time by the
Board of Directors. Each member shall serve until his successor is appointed.
Meetings shall be called by the Chairman or any two (2) members of the
Committee. A quorum shall consist of five (5) members. The Investment Policy
Committee shall exercise such fiduciary powers and perform such duties as may be
assigned to it by the Capital Management/General Trust Committee. All actions
taken by the Investment Policy Committee shall be recorded in appropriate
minutes, signed by the Secretary thereof, approved by its Chairman and submitted
to the Capital Management/General Trust Committee at its next ensuing regular
meeting for its review and approval.


                                       9
   27
         Section 5.5 Personal Trust Administration Committee. There shall be a
Personal Trust Administration Committee composed of not less than five (5)
officers, who shall be appointed annually or from time to time by the Board of
Directors. Each member shall serve until his successor is appointed. Meetings
shall be called by the Chairman or any three (3) members of the Committee. A
quorum shall consist of three (3) members. The Personal Trust Administration
Committee shall exercise such fiduciary powers and perform such duties as may be
assigned to it by the Capital Management/General Trust Committee. All action
taken by the Personal Trust Administration Committee shall be recorded in
appropriate minutes signed by the Secretary thereof, approved by its Chairman,
and submitted to the Capital Management/General Trust Committee at its next
ensuing regular meeting for its review and approval.

         Section 5.6 Account Review Committee. There shall be an Account Review
Committee composed of not less than four (4) officers and/or employees of this
Association, who shall be appointed annually or from time to time by the Board
of Directors. Each member shall serve until his successor is appointed. Meetings
shall be called by the Chairman or any two (2) members of the Committee. A
quorum shall consist of three (3) members. The Account Review Committee shall
exercise such fiduciary powers and perform such duties as may be assigned to it
by the Capital Management/General Trust Committee. All actions taken by the
Account Review Committee shall be recorded in appropriate minutes, signed by the
Secretary thereof, approved by its Chairman and submitted to the Capital
Management/ General Trust Committee at its next ensuing regular meeting for its
review and approval.

         Section 5.7 Corporate and Institutional Accounts Committee. There shall
be a Corporate and Institutional Accounts Committee composed of not less than
five (5) officers and/or employees of this Association, who shall be appointed
annually, or from time to time, by the Capital Management/General Trust
Committee and approved by the Board of Directors. Meetings may be called by the
Chairman or any two (2) members of the Committee. A quorum shall consist of
three (3) members. The Corporate and Institutional Accounts Committee shall
exercise such fiduciary powers and duties as may be assigned to it by the
General Trust Committee. All actions taken by the Corporate and Institutional
Accounts Committee shall be recorded in appropriate minutes, signed by the
Secretary thereof, approved by its Chairman and made available to the General
Trust Committee at its next ensuing regular meeting for its review and approval.


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                                   ARTICLE VI

                          Stock and Stock Certificates

         Section 6.1 Transfers. Shares of stock shall be transferable on the
books of the Association, and a transfer book shall be kept in which all
transfers of stock shall be recorded. Every person becoming a shareholder by
such transfer shall, in proportion to his shares, succeed to all rights and
liabilities of the prior holder of such shares.

         Section 6.2 Stock Certificates. Certificates of stock shall bear the
signature of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, the President, or a Vice President
(which may be engraved, printed, or impressed), and shall be signed manually or
by facsimile process by the Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Cashier, Assistant
Cashier, or any other officer appointed by the Board of Directors for that
purpose, to be known as an Authorized Officer, and the seal of the Association
shall be engraved thereon. Each certificate shall recite on its face that the
stock represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the Association
properly endorsed.

                                   ARTICLE VII

                                 Corporate Seal

         Section 7.1 The President, the Cashier, the Secretary, or any Assistant
Cashier, or Assistant Secretary, or other officer thereunto designated by the
Board of Directors shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any
document requiring such seal, and to attest the same. Such seal shall be
substantially in the following form.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                            Miscellaneous Provisions

         Section 8.1 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Association shall be
the calendar year.

         Section 8.2 Execution of Instruments. All agreements, indentures,
mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, certificates, declarations, receipts,
discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, notices,
applications, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, proxies, and
other


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instruments or documents may be signed, executed, acknowledged, verified,
delivered or accepted in behalf of the Association by the Chairman of the Board,
the Vice Chairman of the Board, any Chairman or Vice Chairman, the President,
any Vice President or Assistant Vice President, the Secretary or any Assistant
Secretary, the Cashier or Treasurer or any Assistant Cashier or Assistant
Treasurer, or any officer holding similar or equivalent titles to the above in
any regions, divisions or functional units of the Association, or, if in
connection with the exercise of fiduciary powers of the Association, by any of
said officers or by any Trust Officer or Assistant Trust Officer (or equivalent
titles); provided, however, that where required, any such instrument shall be
attested by one of said officers other than the officer executing such
instrument. Any such instruments may also be executed, acknowledged, verified,
delivered or accepted in behalf of the Association in such other manner and by
such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time direct. The
provisions of this Section 8.2 are supplementary to any other provision of these
By-laws.

         Section 8.3 Records. The Articles of Association, the By-laws, and the
proceedings of all meetings of the shareholders, the Board of Directors,
standing committees of the Board, shall be recorded in appropriate minute books
provided for the purpose. The minutes of each meeting shall be signed by the
Secretary, Cashier, or other officer appointed to act as Secretary of the
meeting.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                                     By-laws

         Section 9.1 Inspection. A copy of the By-laws, with all amendments
thereto, shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the Head Office of
the Association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders, during
banking hours.

         Section 9.2 Amendments. The By-laws may be amended, altered or
repealed, at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors, by a vote
of a majority of the whole number of Directors.


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                                    Exhibit A

                            First Union National Bank
                                    Article X
                                Emergency By-laws

         In the event of an emergency declared by the President of the United
States or the person performing his functions, the officers and employees of
this Association will continue to conduct the affairs of the Association under
such guidance from the directors or the Executive Committee as may be available
except as to matters which by statute require specific approval of the Board of
Directors and subject to conformance with any applicable governmental directives
during the emergency.

                        OFFICERS PRO TEMPORE AND DISASTER

         Section 1. The surviving members of the Board of Directors or the
Executive Committee shall have the power, in the absence or disability of any
officer, or upon the refusal of any officer to act, to delegate and prescribe
such officer's powers and duties to any other officer, or to any director, for
the time being.

         Section 2. In the event of a state of disaster of sufficient severity
to prevent the conduct and management of the affairs and business of this
Association by its directors and officers as contemplated by these By-laws, any
two or more available members of the then incumbent Executive Committee shall
constitute a quorum of that Committee for the full conduct and management of the
affairs and business of the Association in accordance with the provisions of
Article II of these By-laws; and in addition, such Committee shall be empowered
to exercise all of the powers reserved to the General Trust Committee under
Section 5.3 of Article V hereof. In the event of the unavailability, at such
time, of a minimum of two members of the then incumbent Executive Committee, any
three available directors shall constitute the Executive Committee for the full
conduct and management of the affairs and business of the Association in
accordance with the foregoing provisions of this section. This By-law shall be
subject to implementation by resolutions of the Board of Directors passed from
time to time for that purpose, and any provisions of these By-laws (other than
this section) and any resolutions which are contrary to the provisions of this
section or to the provisions of any such implementary


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resolutions shall be suspended until it shall be determined by an interim
Executive Committee acting under this section that it shall be to the advantage
of this Association to resume the conduct and management of its affairs and
business under all of the other provisions of these By-laws.

                               Officer Succession

         BE IT RESOLVED, that if consequent upon war or warlike damage or
disaster, the Chief Executive Officer of this Association cannot be located by
the then acting Head Officer or is unable to assume or to continue normal
executive duties, then the authority and duties of the Chief Executive Officer
shall, without further action of the Board of Directors, be automatically
assumed by one of the following persons in the order designated:

         Chairman
         President
         Division Head/Area Administrator - Within this officer class, officers
         shall take seniority on the basis of length of service in such office
         or, in the event of equality, length of service as an officer of the
         Association.

         Any one of the above persons who in accordance with this resolution
assumes the authority and duties of the Chief Executive Officer shall continue
to serve until he resigns or until five-sixths of the other officers who are
attached to the then acting Head Office decide in writing he is unable to
perform said duties or until the elected Chief Executive Officer of this
Association, or a person higher on the above list, shall become available to
perform the duties of Chief Executive Officer of the Association.

         BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that anyone dealing with this Association may
accept a certification by any three officers that a specified individual is
acting as Chief Executive Officer in accordance with this resolution; and that
anyone accepting such certification may continue to consider it in force until
notified in writing of a change, said notice of change to carry the signatures
of three officers of the Association.

                               Alternate Locations

         The offices of the Association at which its business shall be conducted
shall be the main office thereof in each city which is designated as a City
Office (and branches, if any), and any other legally authorized location which
may be leased or acquired by this Association to carry on its business. During
an emergency resulting in any authorized place of business of this Association
being unable to function, the business ordinarily conducted at such location
shall be relocated


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elsewhere in suitable quarters, in addition to or in lieu of the locations
heretofore mentioned, as may be designated by the Board of Directors or by the
Executive Committee or by such persons as are then, in accordance with
resolutions adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors dealing with the
exercise of authority in the time of such emergency, conducting the affairs of
this Association. Any temporarily relocated place of business of this
Association shall be returned to its legally authorized location as soon as
practicable and such temporary place of business shall then be discontinued.

                               Acting Head Offices

         BE IT RESOLVED, that in case of and provided because of war or warlike
damage or disaster, the General Office of this Association, located in
Charlotte, North Carolina, is unable temporarily to continue its functions, the
Raleigh office, located in Raleigh, North Carolina, shall automatically and
without further action of this Board of Directors, become the "Acting Head
Office of this Association";

         BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that if by reason of said war or warlike damage
or disaster, both the General Office of this Association and the said Raleigh
Office of this Association are unable to carry on their functions, then and in
such case, the Asheville Office of this Association, located in Asheville, North
Carolina, shall, without further action of this Board of Directors, become the
"Acting Head Office of this Association"; and if neither the Raleigh Office nor
the Asheville Office can carry on their functions, then the Greensboro Office of
this Association, located in Greensboro, North Carolina, shall, without further
action of this Board of Directors, become the "Acting Head Office of this
Association"; and if neither the Raleigh Office, the Asheville Office, nor the
Greensboro Office can carry on their functions, then the Lumberton Office of
this Association, located in Lumberton, North Carolina, shall, without further
action of this Board of Directors, become the "Acting Head Office of this
Association". The Head Office shall resume its functions at its legally
authorized location as soon as practicable.


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