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                                                                    EXHIBIT 99.5

            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE
PAYER -- Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens:
i.e., 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by
only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the
number to give the payer.


                                   
- ------------------------------------------------------------
                                         GIVE THE
              FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:  SOCIAL SECURITY
                                         NUMBER OF --
- ------------------------------------------------------------

 1.  An individual's account             The individual
 2.  TWO or more individuals (Joint      The actual owner of
     account)                            the account or, if
                                         combined funds, any
                                         one of the
                                         individuals(1)
 3.  Husband and wife (joint account)    The actual owner of
                                         the account or, if
                                         joint funds, either
                                         person(1)
 4.  Custodian account of a minor        The minor(2)
     (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)
 5.  a. The usual revocable savings      The grantor-
        trust account (grantor is also   trustee(1)
        trustee)
     b. So-called trust account that is  The actual owner(1)
        not a legal or valid trust
        under state law
 6.  Sole proprietorship account         The Owner(4)
- ------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------------
                                         GIVE THE EMPLOYER
              FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:  IDENTIFICATION
                                         NUMBER OF--
- ------------------------------------------------------------

 7.  A valid trust, estate, or pension   Legal entity (Do
     trust                               not furnish the
                                         identifying number
                                         of the personal
                                         representative or
                                         trustee unless the
                                         legal entity itself
                                         is not designated
                                         in the account
                                         title.)(5)
 8.  Corporate                           The corporation
 9.  Partnership                         The partnership
10.  Association, club, religious,       The organization
     charitable, or educational, or
     other tax-exempt organization
11.  A broker or registered nominee      The broker or
                                         nominee
12.  Account with the Department of      The public entity
     Agriculture in the name of a
     public entity (such as a state or
     local government, school district,
     or prison) that receives
     agricultural program payments
- ------------------------------------------------------------


(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) Show the name of the owner.
(4) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.

NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be
      considered to be that of the first name listed.
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            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

                                     PAGE 2

OBTAINING A NUMBER
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number or you don't know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, Form
W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number or Form SS-4,
Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office of the
Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply for a
number.

PAYEE EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Payees that may be exempt from backup withholding include the following:
  - A corporation.
  - A financial institution.

PAYEES THAT ARE EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
  - An organization exempt from tax under Section 501(a) or an individual
    retirement plan.
  -  --The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
  - A state, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States or any
    subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
  -  --A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government or
    any agency or instrumentality thereof.
  - An international organization or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
  - A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S., the
    District of Columbia, or a possession of the U.S.
  - A real estate investment trust.
  - A common trust fund operated by a bank under Section 584(a).
  - A trust exempt from tax under Section 664 or described in Section 4947.
  - An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
  -  --A foreign central bank of issue.

  Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:
  - Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
  - Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
    which have at least one nonresident alien partner.
  - Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
    money.
  - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.

  Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
  - Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. NOTE: You may be
    subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more and is paid
    in the course of the payer's trade or business and you have not provided
    your correct taxpayer identification number to the payer.
  - Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt interest dividends under
    section 852).
  - Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to non-resident aliens.
  - Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
  - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.

JOINT FOREIGN PAYEES
Backup withholding applies unless:
    1. Every joint payee provides the statement regarding foreign status; or
    2. Anyone of the joint payees who has not established foreign status
supplies a TIN.

  If anyone of the joint payees who has not established foreign status supplies
a TIN, that number is the TIN that must be used for purposes of backup
withholding and information reporting.

  Exempt payees described above should file Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous
backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, ENTER YOUR CORRECT TAXPAYER
IDENTIFICATION NUMBER IN PART I, WRITE "EXEMPT" IN PART II AND SIGN AND DATE THE
FORM.

  Certain payments other than interest, dividends and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041(a), 6045
and 6050A.

PRIVACY ACT NOTICE.--Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code requires most
recipients of dividend, interest or other payments to give taxpayer
identification numbers to payers who must report the payments to the IRS. The
IRS uses the numbers for identification purposes. Payers must be given the
numbers whether or not recipients are required to file tax returns. Payers must
generally withhold 31% of taxable interest, dividend and certain other payments
to a payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer.
Certain penalties may also apply.

PENALTIES
(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.--If you fail
to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a
penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable
cause and not to willful neglect.
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING.--If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION.--Falsifying certifications or
affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.

                  FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX
                  CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.