Exhibit 10.1

       AMENDMENT NO. 9 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT

      THIS AMENDMENT NO. 9 TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT
(this "AMENDMENT") is made and entered into as of September 7, 2005 (the "NINTH
AMENDMENT DATE") by and between NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., and its
affiliates, if any (collectively, the "COMPANY"), a Delaware corporation with
offices at 22322 20th Ave SE, Suite 150, Bothell, Washington, 98021, and TOUCAN
CAPITAL FUND II, L.P., and its designees (collectively, "INVESTOR"), a Delaware
limited partnership with offices at 7600 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814.
All capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the
meaning given such terms in the Agreement (as defined below).

                                    RECITALS

      WHEREAS, the Company and Investor have entered into that certain Amended
and Restated Recapitalization Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2004 (the
"AGREEMENT");

      WHEREAS, on October 22, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, on November 10, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, on December 27, 2004, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, on January 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, on April 12, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into
Amendment No. 5 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, on May 13, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 6 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, on June 16, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 7 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, on July 26, 2005, the Company and Investor entered into Amendment
No. 8 to the Agreement;

      WHEREAS, the Company and Investor desire to further amend the Agreement to
make such changes to the Agreement as are set forth herein; and

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      WHEREAS, Section 4.13(f) of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may
be amended or modified only by a written instrument signed by the Company and
Investor.

                                    AMENDMENT

      NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual promises and
covenants set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and
Investor hereby agree as follows:

      1. Section 1.2 of the Agreement is hereby amended by inserting "and the
      Loan Agreement, Security Agreement and 10% Convertible, Secured Promissory
      Note dated September 7, 2005 attached hereto as Exhibit A-13, and the
      September 7 Bridge Warrant (as defined herein) in the form attached hereto
      as Exhibit K-8" immediately following the phrase "in the form attached
      hereto as Exhibit K-7" in subsection (g) thereof.

      2. Section 2.2(a) of the Agreement is hereby amended by replacing "A-12"
      with "A-13."

      3. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by adding the
      following text immediately following the twenty-first sentence thereof:

      "On September 7, 2005 (the "NINTH AMENDMENT DATE"), Investor is providing
      an additional $500,000 of Bridge Funding (the "SEPTEMBER 7 BRIDGE
      FUNDING") to cover general operating expenses and certain other expenses
      of the Company agreed in advance by Investor during the period from
      September 7, 2005 through September 30, 2005. The September 7 Bridge
      Funding shall be evidenced by a Note in the form attached hereto as
      Exhibit A-13 and shall be provided on the terms and conditions set forth
      herein. The September 7 Bridge Funding shall be used only for the purposes
      and in the amounts agreed to in writing by Investor and the Company."

      4. Section 2.3(b) of the Agreement is hereby further amended by replacing
      the phrase "July 26 Bridge Funding" with "July 26 Bridge Funding or
      September 7 Bridge Funding") in the twenty-fifth sentence thereof (i.e.,
      the twenty-eighth sentence thereof after giving effect to the inclusion of
      the three new sentences therein per Section 3 of this Amendment).

      5. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding a new Section 2.18,
      immediately following Section 2.17 thereof, as follows:

      "2.18 September 7 Bridge Warrant:

            (a) Issuance of September 7 Bridge Warrant. On the Ninth Amendment
      Date, Investor shall receive a warrant with coverage equal to one hundred
      percent (100%) of the principal amount due under the Note evidencing the
      September 7 Bridge Funding (the "SEPTEMBER 7 BRIDGE Warrant"). The Company
      shall, therefore, issue $500,000 in warrant coverage on the $500,000 of
      September 7 Bridge Funding provided on the Ninth Amendment Date. The
      number of shares subject to the September 7 Bridge Warrant to be so issued
      shall be determined on the basis of $0.10

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      per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the
      like). The total number of shares for which Investor shall initially be
      able to exercise the September 7 Bridge Warrant shall therefore be
      5,000,000 shares as of the Ninth Amendment Date.

            (b) Exercise of September 7 Bridge Warrant. The September 7 Bridge
      Warrant shall be immediately exercisable upon issuance and continue to be
      exercisable for a period of seven (7) years after its issuance date. The
      exercise price of the September 7 Bridge Warrant shall be $0.04 (subject
      to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends and the like, as provided
      more fully in the September 7 Bridge Warrant). In the event the
      Convertible Preferred Stock is approved and authorized, and the terms and
      conditions are the same as set forth herein and in the Convertible
      Preferred Stock Term Sheet, and Other Investors have purchased in cash
      (and not by conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or
      conversion or exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum of
      $15 million of such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and
      conditions set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
      Sheet, then the September 7 Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable solely for
      such Convertible Preferred Stock (subject to Section 5 thereof). However,
      if, for any reason, such Convertible Preferred Stock is not approved or
      authorized, and/or is approved or authorized on any terms different than
      any terms set forth herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term
      Sheet, and/or if Other Investors have not purchased in cash (and not by
      conversion of debt, exercise of warrants or options, or conversion or
      exercise of other securities or instruments) a minimum of $15 million of
      such Convertible Preferred Stock, on the terms and conditions set forth
      herein and in the Convertible Preferred Stock Term Sheet, the September 7
      Bridge Warrant shall be exercisable for any Equity Security and/or Debt
      Security (each as defined in Section 2.7 hereof) and/or any combination
      thereof, in each case that Investor shall designate in Investor's sole
      discretion (the securities so elected being the "INVESTOR DESIGNATED
      SECURITIES").

            (c) No Impairment. The Company shall not, by amendment of its
      Charter or through a reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation,
      merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary
      action, omission, or agreement, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or
      performance of any of the terms to be observed or performed by the Company
      under and/or in connection with the September 7 Bridge Warrant, but shall
      at all times in good faith use best efforts to assist in carrying out of
      all the provisions of and/or relating to such September 7 Bridge Warrant
      and in taking all such action as may be necessary or appropriate to
      protect Investor's rights, preferences and privileges under and/or in
      connection with the September 7 Bridge Warrant against impairment.
      Investor's rights, preferences and privileges granted under and/or in
      connection with the September 7 Bridge Warrant may not be amended,
      modified or waived without Investor's prior written consent, and the
      documentation providing for such rights, preferences and privileges will
      specifically provide as such.

            (d) Tax Treatment of September 7 Bridge Warrant and Note. The
      Company and Investor, as a result of arm's length bargaining, agree that
      the fair market value of the Note to be issued in connection with the
      September 7 Bridge Funding, if issued

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      apart from the September 7 Bridge Warrant, is $495,000, and the fair
      market value of the September 7 Bridge Warrant, if issued apart from such
      Note, is $5,000. The Company and Investor further agree that all tax
      filings and records relating to or including this Agreement, the Note to
      be issued in connection with the September 7 Bridge Funding and/or the
      September 7 Bridge Warrant shall be prepared on the basis of, and
      consistently reflect, the agreed fair market values set forth in this
      Section 2.18(d), and the Company shall instruct its accountants and other
      tax-preparation professionals to prepare all tax filings and returns on
      the basis of the foregoing."

      6. Section 3.4(b) of the Agreement is hereby amended by:

      (a)   replacing "$4.85 million" with "$4.35 million" in the first sentence
            thereof; and

      (b)   replacing "48,500,000" with "43,500,000" in the third sentence
            thereof.

      7. Section 4.7.15 of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated in its
      entirety as follows:

            "4.7.15 Liabilities. The Company has the following accrued
      liabilities: (i) tax liabilities to the State of Washington in the maximum
      amount of $322,017, (ii) amounts payable to Cognate Therapeutics and
      Investor, (iii) future sublease payments to MediQuest Corporation and a
      contingent lease liability to Benaroya Capital Co. LLC for the Company's
      premises should Mediquest Corporation default on its lease with Benaroya
      Capital Co. LLC and which is not yet due, and (iv) the Company's aggregate
      accrued, contingent and/or other liabilities of any nature, either mature
      or immature, as of the Ninth Amendment Date, not in excess of $278,524
      (excluding amounts payable to Cognate and Investor), of which (x) $168,282
      are currently due payables (including $100,042 for attorney and auditor
      fees), (y) $25,134 are the aggregate balances of capital leases payable in
      monthly installments in the amounts set forth in the budget included in
      the Schedule of Exceptions through the first calendar quarter of 2006,
      decreasing thereafter, the last of which is fully amortized in May 2007,
      and (z) $85,522 are accrued vacation and sick pay."

      8. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit A-13, immediately
      following Exhibit A-12 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit A-13
      hereto.

      9. Exhibit B to the Agreement, as amended on December 27, 2004, January
      26, 2005, April 12, 2005, May 13, 2005, June 16, 2005 and July 26, 2006 is
      hereby further amended by Exhibit B-7 hereto (the "SEVENTH AMENDMENT TO
      THE AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK TERM SHEET"). Exhibit
      B, as so amended, shall be deemed to constitute the "CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
      STOCK TERM SHEET" for all purposes under the Agreement and all other
      Related Recapitalization Documents.

      10. The Agreement is hereby amended by adding new Exhibit K-8, immediately
      following Exhibit K-7 thereto, in the form attached as Exhibit K-8 hereto.

      11. The September 7 Bridge Warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit
      K-8 shall be deemed to be a "BRIDGE WARRANT" and a "Warrant" for all
      purposes under the Agreement and

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      any Related Recapitalization Document. The Note evidencing the September 7
      Bridge Funding in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-13 issued on the
      Ninth Amendment Date shall be deemed to be a "NOTE" for all purposes under
      the Agreement and any Related Recapitalization Document. Each of the
      September 7 Bridge Warrant and the Note evidencing the September 7 Bridge
      Funding shall be deemed to be "RELATED RECAPITALIZATION DOCUMENTS" for all
      purposes under the Agreement and all other Related Recapitalization
      Documents.

      12. Except as amended and/or restated hereby, all other terms and
      conditions of the Agreement shall be unaffected hereby and remain in full
      force and effect.

      13. This Amendment (including the Exhibits hereto, which are an integral
      part of the Amendment), together with the Agreement (including the
      Schedules and Exhibits thereto, which are an integral part of the
      Agreement) and the Related Recapitalization Documents, constitute the
      entire agreement among the parties hereto and thereto with regard to the
      subjects hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and
      understandings relating to the subject matter hereof and thereof.

      14. This Amendment shall be governed by and construed under the laws of
      the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflicts of law provisions.

      15. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of
      which will be deemed an original but all of which together shall
      constitute one and the same agreement.

      16. This Amendment shall take effect immediately upon execution by the
      Company and Investor.

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      IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this AMENDMENT NO. 9
TO AMENDED AND RESTATED RECAPITALIZATION AGREEMENT as of the Ninth Amendment
Date above written.

                                                 NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.

                                                 By:____________________________
                                                 Name: Alton L. Boynton
                                                 Title: President

                                                 TOUCAN CAPITAL FUND II, LP
                                                 By:____________________________
                                                 Name: Linda F. Powers
                                                 Title: Managing Director

                                  EXHIBIT A-13

    FORM OF $500,000 LOAN AGREEMENT, SECURITY AGREEMENT AND 10% CONVERTIBLE,
                 SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE DATED SEPTEMBER 7, 2005

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                                   EXHIBIT B-7

     FORM OF SEVENTH AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
                                STOCK TERM SHEET

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