As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 22, 2000 ================================================================================ SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549 _______________ FORM 10-K (MARK ONE) /X/ Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 1999 or / / Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from ____________ to ____________ Commission File No. 1-3305 _______________ MERCK & CO., INC. One Merck Drive Whitehouse Station, N. J. 08889-0100 (908) 423-1000 Incorporated in New Jersey I.R.S. Employer Identification No. 22-1109110 Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of Each Exchange Title of Each Class on which Registered ------------------- ---------------------- Common Stock New York and Philadelphia Stock Exchanges ($0.01 par value) Number of shares of Common Stock ($0.01 par value) outstanding as of February 29, 2000: 2,316,574,409. Aggregate market value of Common Stock ($0.01 par value) held by non- affiliates on December 31, 1999 based on closing price on February 29, 2000: $143,318,000,000. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] . No____________ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ] Documents Incorporated by Reference: Document Part of Form 10-K -------- ----------------- Annual Report to stockholders for the fiscal year Parts I and II ended December 31, 1999 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Part III Stockholders to be held April 25, 2000 ================================================================================ PART I Item 1. Business. Merck & Co., Inc. (the "Company") is a global research-driven pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of human and animal health products, directly and through its joint ventures, and provides pharmaceutical benefit services through Merck-Medco Managed Care, L.L.C. ("Merck-Medco"). The Company's operations are principally managed on a products and services basis and are comprised of two reportable segments: Merck Pharmaceutical and Merck-Medco. Merck Pharmaceutical products consist of therapeutic agents, sold by prescription, for the treatment of human disorders. Merck-Medco revenues are derived from the filling and management of prescriptions and health management programs. The following table shows the sales of various categories of the Company's products and services: ($ in millions) 1999 1998 1997 --------------- ------------ ------------- ------------- Elevated cholesterol.................... $ 5,093.2 $ 4,694.1 $ 4,672.3 Hypertension/heart failure.............. 4,563.8 4,213.5 3,855.0 Osteoporosis............................ 1,043.1 775.2 532.1 Anti-ulcerants.......................... 913.9 1,113.5 1,184.4 Vaccines/biologicals.................... 860.0 846.7 733.6 Antibiotics............................. 772.3 743.3 774.9 Ophthalmologicals....................... 670.0 630.7 639.1 Human immunodeficiency virus ("HIV").... 664.4 676.3 581.7 Anti-inflammatory/analgesics............ 578.5 98.0 116.0 Respiratory............................. 501.8 194.0 .4 Animal health/crop protection........... -- -- 550.0 Other Merck products.................... 1,820.6 1,311.2 557.1 Merck-Medco............................. 15,232.4 11,601.7 9,440.3 --------- --------- --------- Total.............................. $32,714.0 $26,898.2 $23,636.9 ========= ========= ========= Human health products include therapeutic agents within the Merck Pharmaceutical segment, sold by prescription for the treatment of human disorders, as well as preventive agents (vaccines/biologicals). Among these are elevated cholesterol products, which include Zocor (simvastatin) and Mevacor (lovastatin); hypertension/heart failure products which include Vasotec (enalapril maleate), the largest-selling product among this group, Cozaar (losartan potassium), Hyzaar (losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide), Prinivil (lisinopril) and Vaseretic (enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide); osteoporosis, which is comprised of Fosamax (alendronate sodium), for treatment and prevention in postmenopausal women; anti-ulcerants, of which Pepcid (famotidine) is the largest-selling; vaccines/biologicals, of which M-M-R II (measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccine live), Varivax (varicella virus vaccine live), a live virus vaccine for the prevention of chickenpox, and Recombivax HB (hepatitis B vaccine [recombinant]) are the largest-selling; antibiotics, of which Primaxin (imipenem and cilastatin sodium) and Noroxin (norfloxacin) are the largest-selling; ophthalmologicals, of which Timoptic (timolol maleate), Timoptic-XE (timolol maleate ophthalmic gel forming solution), Trusopt (dorzolamide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution) and Cosopt (dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate ophthalmic solution) are the largest selling; HIV, which includes Crixivan (indinavir sulfate), a protease inhibitor for the treatment of human immunodeficiency viral infection in adults; anti-inflammatory/analgesics, of which Vioxx (rofecoxib), a specific inhibitor of COX-2, is the largest-selling; and respiratory, which is comprised of Singulair (montelukast sodium), a leukotriene receptor antagonist. Animal health products include medicinals used to control and alleviate disease in livestock, small animals and poultry. Crop protection includes products for the control of crop pests and fungal disease. In July 1997, the Company sold its crop protection business to Novartis. In August 1997, the Company and Rhone-Poulenc combined their animal health and poultry genetics businesses to form Merial Limited ("Merial"). Amounts for 1997 reflect sales for these businesses prior to the completion of these transactions. Other Merck products include sales of Proscar (finasteride), which provides long-term disease management of symptomatic benign prostate enlargement, Maxalt (rizatriptan benzoate), an anti-migraine treatment, Propecia (finasteride), which treats male pattern hair loss and Aggrastat (tirofiban hydrochloride), a platelet blocker, for treatment of acute coronary syndrome and other human pharmaceuticals within the Merck 2 Pharmaceutical segment, continuing sales to divested businesses, pharmaceutical and animal health supply sales to the Company's joint ventures and supply sales to AstraZeneca LP. Also included in this category are rebates and discounts on Company pharmaceutical products. Merck-Medco primarily includes Merck-Medco sales of non-Merck products and Merck-Medco pharmaceutical benefit services, principally sales of prescription drugs through managed prescription drug programs as well as services provided through programs to help manage patient health. In 1997, the Company acquired Istituto Gentili S.p.A., a privately-held Italian pharmaceutical company that owned the intellectual property rights for alendronate, which is marketed in the United States by the Company as Fosamax. In November 1999, the Company acquired SIBIA Neurosciences, Inc., a publicly-held California based biotechnology firm, which engages in the discovery and development of novel small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. In May 1999, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") cleared Vioxx, a once-daily, anti-inflammatory COX-2 specific inhibitor, for marketing in the United States for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, management of acute pain in adults and treatment of menstrual pain. Vioxx has now been launched in 47 other countries in addition to the United States. In March 1999, the FDA approved a new use indication for Mevacor to reduce the risk of first heart attack, unstable angina and coronary revascularization procedures in people without symptoms of cardiovascular disease, with average to moderately elevated levels of total and LDL cholesterol and below average HDL cholesterol. In August 1999, the FDA approved an expanded indication for Zocor for the increase of HDL cholesterol in persons with high LDL levels of cholesterol. In March 2000, the FDA approved the use of Singulair 4 mg tablets to help control asthma in children aged two to five. Divestitures -- In July 1997, the Company sold its crop protection business to Novartis for $910.0 million. In July 1998, the Company sold its one-half interest in The Dupont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, its joint venture with E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company ("DuPont"), to DuPont for $2.6 billion in cash. In December 1999, the Company transferred all of its interest in Chugai MSD Co., Ltd. to Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. These businesses were not significant to the Company's financial position, liquidity or results of operations. Joint Ventures -- In 1982, the Company entered into an agreement with Astra AB ("Astra") to develop and market Astra products in the United States. In 1993, the Company's total sales of Astra products reached a level that triggered the first step in the establishment of a joint venture business carried on by Astra Merck Inc. ("AMI"), in which the Company and Astra each owned a 50% share. The joint venture, formed in November 1994, developed and marketed most of Astra's new prescription medicines in the United States. Joint venture sales consisted primarily of Prilosec (omeprazole), the first of a class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors which slows the production of acid from the cells of the stomach lining. In December 1996, the FDA cleared Prilosec for use as initial therapy in the treatment of heartburn and other symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. On July 1, 1998, the Company and Astra completed the restructuring of the ownership and operations of the joint venture whereby the Company acquired Astra's interest in AMI, renamed KBI Inc. ("KBI"), for consideration totaling $3.1 billion. KBI's operating assets, excluding certain product rights, were then combined with the assets of Astra's wholly owned subsidiary, Astra USA, Inc., to form a new U.S. limited partnership named Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P. ("the Partnership") in which the Company maintains a limited partner interest. For a franchise fee payment of $230.0 million, the Partnership became the exclusive distributor of the products for which KBI retained rights. The Company earns certain Partnership returns as well as ongoing revenue based on sales of current and future KBI products. The Partnership returns reflect the Company's share of the Partnership's earnings in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States 3 (GAAP earnings) and include a preferential return, a priority return and certain variable returns which are based, in part, upon sales of certain former Astra USA, Inc. products. The preferential return represents the Company's share of the undistributed Partnership GAAP earnings. For a payment of $443.0 million, Astra purchased an option to buy the Company's interest in the KBI products in 2008, 2012 or 2016, excluding the Company's interest in the gastrointestinal medicines Prilosec and esomeprazole. In April 1999, Astra merged with Zeneca Group Plc, forming AstraZeneca AB (AstraZeneca). As a result of the merger, Astra was required to make two one- time payments to the Company totaling approximately $1.8 billion for the relinquishment of certain rights, including option rights to future Astra products with no existing or pending U.S. patents at the time of the merger. This merger also triggers a partial redemption of the Company's limited partner interest in 2008. Furthermore, as a result of the merger, AstraZeneca's option to buy the Company's interest in the KBI products is now exercisable only in 2010 and the Company has obtained the right to require AstraZeneca to purchase such interest in 2008. In 1989, the Company formed a joint venture with Johnson & Johnson to develop, market and manufacture consumer healthcare products in the United States. In April 1995, the joint venture obtained FDA clearance in the United States for marketing Pepcid AC (famotidine), an over-the-counter form of the Company's ulcer medication Pepcid. This 50% owned joint venture was expanded into Europe in 1993, and Canada in 1996. The European extension currently markets and sells over-the-counter pharmaceutical products in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. In 1991, the Company and DuPont entered into a joint venture to form a worldwide pharmaceutical company for the research, marketing, manufacturing and sale of pharmaceutical and imaging agent products. In January 1995, the joint venture began co-promotion of the Company's prescription medicines, Prinivil and Prinzide (lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide), in the United States. As discussed above under "Divestitures," in July 1998, the Company sold its one- half interest in the joint venture to DuPont for $2.6 billion in cash. Effective April 1992, the Company, through the Merck Vaccine Division, and Connaught Laboratories, Inc. (now Aventis Pasteur), an affiliate of Aventis A.G., agreed to collaborate on the development and marketing of combination pediatric vaccines and to promote selected vaccines in the United States. The research and marketing collaboration enables the companies to pool their resources to expedite the development of vaccines combining several different antigens to protect children against a variety of diseases, including Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and - ----------- ---------- poliomyelitis. In 1994, the Company, through the Merck Vaccine Division, and Pasteur Merieux Connaught (now Aventis Pasteur) formed a joint venture to market human vaccines and to collaborate in the development of new combination vaccines for distribution in the European Union ("EU") and the European Free Trade Association. The Company and Aventis Pasteur contributed, among other things, their European vaccine businesses for equal shares in the joint venture, known as Pasteur Merieux MSD, S.N.C. (now Aventis Pasteur MSD, S.N.C.). The joint venture is subject to monitoring by the EU, to which the partners made certain undertakings in return for an exemption from European Competition Law, effective until December 2006. The joint venture is active through affiliates in Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, and through distributors throughout the rest of Europe. In 1995, Merck-Medco entered into a joint venture with Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, a division of American Home Products Corporation, to develop, market and implement health management programs for certain conditions, including several involving women's health. This joint venture was dissolved by the parties effective February 1999. In August 1997, the Company and Rhone-Poulenc S.A. combined their respective animal health and poultry genetics businesses to form Merial, a fully-integrated, stand-alone joint venture, equally owned by the Company and Rhone-Poulenc S.A. Merial is the world's largest company dedicated to the discovery, manufacture and marketing of veterinary pharmaceuticals and vaccines. The Company contributed developmental research personnel, sales and marketing activities, and animal health products, as well as its poultry genetics business. Rhone-Poulenc S.A. contributed research and development, manufacturing, sales and marketing activities, and animal health products, as well as its poultry genetics business. In December 1999, Rhone-Poulenc 4 S.A.'s interest in Merial was acquired by Aventis S.A., a corporation formed by the merger of Rhone-Poulenc S.A. and Hoechst A.G. In October 1999, Merck-Medco formed a long-term strategic alliance with CVS Corporation to collaborate on enhanced Internet, retail and specialty pharmacy services for Merck-Medco's health plan members. Competition -- The markets in which the Company's pharmaceutical business is conducted are highly competitive and, in many cases, highly regulated. Such competition involves an intensive search for technological innovations and the ability to market these innovations effectively. With its long-standing emphasis on research and development, the Company is well prepared to compete in the search for technological innovations. Additional resources to meet competition include quality control, flexibility to meet exact customer specifications, an efficient distribution system and a strong technical information service. The Company is active in acquiring and marketing products through joint ventures and licenses and has been expanding its sales and marketing efforts to further address changing industry conditions. However, the introduction of new products and processes by competitors may result in price reductions and product replacements, even for products protected by patents. For example, the number of compounds available to treat diseases typically increases over time and has resulted in slowing the growth in sales of certain of the Company's products. In addition, particularly in the area of human pharmaceutical products, legislation enacted in all states allows, encourages or, in a few instances, in the absence of specific instructions from the prescribing physician, mandates the use of "generic" products (those containing the same active chemical as an innovator's product) rather than "brand-name" products. Governmental and other pressures toward the dispensing of generic products have significantly reduced the sales of certain of the Company's products no longer protected by patents, such as Moduretic (amiloride HCl and hydrochlorothiazide), Clinoril (sulindac) and Aldomet (methyldopa), and slowed the growth of certain other products. Merck-Medco's pharmacy benefit management business is highly competitive. Merck-Medco competes with other pharmacy benefit managers, insurance companies and other providers of health care and/or administrators of healthcare programs. Merck-Medco competes primarily on the basis of its ability to design and administer innovative programs that help plan sponsors provide high-quality, affordable prescription drug care and health management services to health plan members. Merck-Medco dispenses prescription drugs from its national network of mail service pharmacies, manages prescriptions dispensed through a national network of participating retail pharmacies and implements health management programs to help its clients provide better care for patients with high-cost, high-risk conditions. Distribution -- The Company sells its human health products to drug wholesalers and retailers, hospitals, clinics, government agencies and managed healthcare providers such as health maintenance organizations and other institutions. The Company's professional representatives communicate the effectiveness, safety and value of the Company's products to healthcare professionals in private practice, group practices and managed-care organizations. Merck-Medco sells its pharmaceutical benefit management services to corporations, labor unions, insurance companies, Blue Cross/Blue Shield organizations, government agencies, federal and state employee plans, health maintenance and other similar organizations. Raw Materials -- Raw materials and supplies are normally available in quantities adequate to meet the needs of the Company's business. Government Regulation and Investigation -- The pharmaceutical industry is subject to global regulation by regional, country, state and local agencies. Of particular importance is the FDA in the United States, which administers requirements covering the testing, approval, safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, labeling and marketing of prescription pharmaceuticals. In many cases, the FDA requirements have increased the amount of time and money necessary to develop new products and bring them to market in the United States. In 1997, the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act was passed and was the culmination of a comprehensive legislative reform effort designed to streamline regulatory procedures within the FDA and to improve the regulation of drugs, medical devices, and food. The legislation was principally designed to ensure the timely availability of safe and effective drugs and biologics by expediting the premarket review process for new products. 5 A key provision of the legislation is the re-authorization of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act of 1992, which permits the continued collection of user fees from prescription drug manufacturers to augment FDA resources earmarked for the review of human drug applications. This helps provide the resources necessary to ensure the prompt approval of safe and effective new drugs. In recent years, an increasing number of legislative proposals have been introduced or proposed in Congress and in some state legislatures that would effect major changes in the healthcare system, either nationally or at the state level. Such legislative initiatives include prescription drug benefit proposals for Medicare participants introduced in Congress. Although a reform bill has not been enacted at the federal level, some states have passed reform legislation and further federal and state developments are expected. Although the Company is well positioned to respond to evolving market forces, it cannot predict the outcome or effect of legislation resulting from these reform efforts. For many years, the pharmaceutical industry and the pharmacy benefits management business have been under federal and state oversight with the new drug approval system, drug safety, advertising and promotion, drug purchasing and reimbursement programs and formularies variously under review. The Company believes that it will continue to be able to conduct its operations, including the introduction of new drugs to the market, in this regulatory environment. One type of federal initiative to contain federal healthcare spending is the prospective or "capitated" payment system, first implemented to reduce the rate of growth in Medicare reimbursement to hospitals. Such a system establishes in advance a flat rate for reimbursement for health care for those patients for whom the payer is fiscally responsible. This type of payment system and other cost containment systems are now widely used by public and private payers and have caused hospitals, health maintenance organizations and other customers of the Company to be more cost-conscious in their treatment decisions, including decisions regarding the medicines to be made available to their patients. The Company continues to work with private and federal employers to slow increases in healthcare costs. Further, the Company's efforts to demonstrate that its medicines can help save costs in other areas, and pricing flexibility across its product portfolio, have encouraged the use of the Company's medicines and have helped offset the effects of increasing cost pressures. Also, federal and state governments have pursued methods to directly reduce the cost of drugs for which they pay. For example, federal legislation enacted in 1990 requires the Company to pay a specified rebate for medicines reimbursed by Medicaid. Federal legislation enacted in 1992 mandates the payment of rebates similar to the Medicaid rebate for outpatient medicines purchased by certain Public Health Service entities and "disproportionate share" hospitals (hospitals meeting certain criteria). That same law mandates minimum discounts of 24% off of a defined "non-federal average manufacturer price" for the Veterans' Administration, Federal Supply Schedule and certain other federal sector purchasers of medicines. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 established a new Federal Vaccines for Children entitlement program, under which the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ("CDC") funds and purchases recommended pediatric vaccines at a capped public sector price for the immunization of Medicaid- eligible, uninsured, native American and certain underinsured children. The Company was awarded CDC contracts in 1999 for the supply of six pediatric vaccines for this program. The Company encounters similar regulatory and legislative issues in most of the foreign countries where it does business. There, too, the primary thrust of governmental inquiry and action is toward determining drug safety and effectiveness, often with mechanisms for controlling the prices of prescription drugs and the profits of prescription drug companies. The EU has adopted directives concerning the classification, labeling, advertising, wholesale distribution and approval for marketing of medicinal products for human use. The Company's policies and procedures are already consistent with the substance of these directives; consequently, it is believed that they will not have any material effect on the Company's business. In addition, countries within the EU, recognizing the economic importance of the research-based pharmaceutical industry and the value of innovative medicines, are working with industry and the European Commission on proposals for market deregulation. The Company is subject to the jurisdiction of various regulatory agencies and is, therefore, subject to potential administrative actions. Such actions may include seizures of products and other civil and criminal 6 sanctions. Under certain circumstances, the Company on its own may deem it advisable to initiate product recalls. Although it is difficult to predict the ultimate effect of these activities and legislative, administrative and regulatory requirements and proposals, the Company believes that its development of new and improved products should enable it to compete effectively within this environment. There are extensive federal and state regulations applicable to the practice of pharmacy and the administration of managed healthcare programs. Each state in which Merck-Medco operates a pharmacy has laws and regulations governing its operation and the licensing of and standards of professional practice by its pharmacists. These regulations are issued by an administrative body in each state (typically, a pharmacy board), which is empowered to impose sanctions for noncompliance. The policies and procedures of the Company comply with these regulations. Patents, Trademarks and Licenses -- Patent protection is considered, in the aggregate, to be of material importance in the Company's marketing of human health products in the United States and in most major foreign markets. Patents may cover products per se, pharmaceutical formulations, processes for or intermediates useful in the manufacture of products or the uses of products. Protection for individual products extends for varying periods in accordance with the date of grant and the legal life of patents in the various countries. The protection afforded, which may also vary from country to country, depends upon the type of patent and its scope of coverage. Patent portfolios developed for products introduced by the Company normally provide marketing exclusivity. Patents are in effect for the following major products in the United States: Aggrastat, Cosopt, Chibroxin (norfloxacin), Cozaar, Crixivan, Fosamax, Hyzaar, Maxalt, Mevacor, PedvaxHIB (Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine), Pepcid, Primaxin, Prinivil, Prinzide, - ------------ Propecia, Proscar, Recombivax HB, Sinemet CR (carbidopa and levodopa), Singulair, Timoptic-XE, Trusopt, Vaseretic, Vioxx, Zocor and Prilosec (which was developed jointly by the Company and Astra and is supplied exclusively to AstraZeneca LP). The lisinopril products (which include Prinivil) and Sinemet CR are subject to agreements with third parties and are not marketed exclusively by the Company. Several products face expiration of product patents in the United States and other countries in the near term, including Pepcid (U.S. - 2000), Vasotec (U.S. - 2000), Mevacor (U.S. - 2001), Prinivil/Prinzide (U.S. - 2001) and Vaseretic (U.S. - 2001). In addition, Prilosec will face expiration of a product patent in 2001. In the aggregate, domestic sales of these products represent 22% of the Company's aggregate human health sales for 1999. The Company expects a significant decline in these sales in the years 2000 through 2002 upon the loss of market exclusivity. With the exception of Prilosec, for which the Company has U.S. rights only, a decline is also expected in the Company's European sales for these products in the years 2000 through 2005 upon the loss of market exclusivity in European countries throughout this period. European sales of these products represent 5% of the Company's human health sales for 1999. In January 1999, the Company filed a supplemental new drug application with the FDA for Vasotec, in accordance with the provisions of the FDA Modernization Act of 1997 (the "Modernization Act") (See also page 8). In February 2000, pursuant to the Modernization Act, the FDA granted an additional six months of market exclusivity in the United States to Vasotec for all its uses, based upon pediatric studies performed by the Company. In the period 1994 through 1999, product patent protection in the United States expired for the following human and animal pharmaceutical products: Ivomec (ivermectin), certain ivermectin-containing animal health products, Mefoxin (cefoxitin sodium), Timoptic and Timolide (timolol maleate and hydrochlorothiazide). While the expiration of a product patent normally results in the loss of market exclusivity for the covered product, commercial benefits may continue to be derived from: (i) later-granted patents on processes and intermediates related to the most economical method of manufacture of the active ingredient of such product; (ii) patents relating to the use of such product; (iii) patents relating to novel compositions and formulations; and (iv) in the United States, market exclusivity that may be available under federal law. The effect of product patent expiration also depends upon many other factors such as the nature of the market and the position of the product in it, the growth of the market, the complexities and economics of the process for manufacture of the active 7 ingredient of the product and the requirements of new drug provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act or similar laws and regulations in other countries. The Modernization Act which was passed in 1997, includes a Pediatric Exclusivity Provision that may provide an additional six months of market exclusivity in the United States for indications of new or currently marketed drugs, if certain agreed upon pediatric studies are completed by the applicant. The Company is considering seeking exclusivity based on pediatric studies for certain of the Company's products. Additions to market exclusivity are sought in the United States and other countries through all relevant laws, including laws increasing patent life. Some of the benefits of increases in patent life have been partially offset by a general increase in the number of, incentives for and use of generic products. Additionally, improvements in intellectual property laws are sought in the United States and other countries through reform of patent and other relevant laws and implementation of international treaties. Worldwide, all of the Company's important products are sold under trademarks that are considered in the aggregate to be of material importance. Trademark protection continues in some countries as long as used; in other countries, as long as registered. Registration is for fixed terms and can be renewed indefinitely. Royalties received during 1999 on patent and know-how licenses and other rights amounted to $133.5 million. The Company also paid royalties amounting to $282.8 million in 1999 under patent and know-how licenses it holds. Research and Development The Company's business is characterized by the introduction of new products or new uses for existing products through a strong research and development program. Approximately 8,900 people are employed in the Company's research activities. Expenditures for the Company's research and development programs were $2,068.3 million in 1999, $1,821.1 million in 1998 and $1,683.7 million in 1997 and will be approximately $2.4 billion in 2000. The Company maintains its ongoing commitment to research over a broad range of therapeutic areas and clinical development in support of new products. Total expenditures for the period 1990 through 1999 exceeded $13.0 billion with a compound annual growth rate of 11%. The Company maintains a number of long-term exploratory and fundamental research programs in biology and chemistry as well as research programs directed toward product development. Projects related to human and animal health are being carried on in various fields such as bacterial and viral infections, cardiovascular functions, cancer, diabetes, pain and inflammation, ulcer therapy, kidney function, mental health, the nervous system, ophthalmic research, prostate therapy, the respiratory system, bone diseases, endoparasitic and ectoparasitic diseases, companion animal diseases and production improvement. In the development of human and animal health products, industry practice and government regulations in the United States and most foreign countries provide for the determination of effectiveness and safety of new chemical compounds through pre-clinical tests and controlled clinical evaluation. Before a new drug may be marketed in the United States, recorded data on the experience so gained are included in the New Drug Application, New Animal Drug Application or the biological Product License Application to the FDA for the required approval. The development of certain other products is also subject to government regulations covering safety and efficacy in the United States and many foreign countries. There can be no assurance that a compound that is the result of any particular program will obtain the regulatory approvals necessary for it to be marketed. New product candidates resulting from this research and development program include an injectable antibiotic; an antifungal agent; an oral compound potentially useful for treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis; an oral compound potentially useful for the treatment of depression and other neuropsychiatric diseases; a second COX-2 specific inhibitor potentially useful for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and pain; and certain new vaccines. All product or service marks appearing in type form different from that of the surrounding text are trademarks or service marks owned by or licensed to Merck & Co., Inc., its subsidiaries or affiliates. Cozaar and Hyzaar are registered trademarks of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE. 8 Employees At the end of 1999, the Company and Merck-Medco had 62,300 employees worldwide, with 38,500 employed in the United States, including Puerto Rico. Approximately 30% of the Company's and Merck-Medco's worldwide employees are represented by various collective bargaining groups. Environmental Matters The Company believes that it is in compliance in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and regulations. In 1999, the Company incurred capital expenditures of approximately $101.7 million for environmental protection facilities. Capital expenditures for this purpose are forecasted to exceed $600.0 million for the years 2000 through 2004. In addition, the Company's operating and maintenance expenditures for environmental protection facilities were approximately $74.2 million in 1999. Expenditures for this purpose for the years 2000 through 2004 are forecasted to exceed $428.0 million. The Company is also remediating environmental contamination resulting from past industrial activity at certain of its sites. Expenditures for remediation and environmental liabilities were $28.2 million in 1999, and are estimated at $232.0 million for the years 2000 through 2004. These amounts do not consider potential recoveries from insurers or other parties. The Company has taken an active role in identifying and providing for these costs, and in management's opinion, the liabilities for all environmental matters which are probable and reasonably estimable have been accrued. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these environmental matters, or the ultimate costs of remediation, management does not believe that any reasonably possible expenditures that may be incurred in excess of those provided should result in a materially adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. Cautionary Factors that May Affect Future Results (Cautionary Statements Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) This report and other written reports and oral statements made from time to time by the Company may contain so-called "forward-looking statements," all of which are subject to risks and uncertainties. One can identify these forward-looking statements by their use of words such as "expects," "plans," "will," "estimates," "forecasts," "projects" and other words of similar meaning. One can also identify them by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These statements are likely to address the Company's growth strategy, financial results, product approvals and development programs. One must carefully consider any such statement and should understand that many factors could cause actual results to differ from the Company's forward-looking statements. These factors include inaccurate assumptions and a broad variety of other risks and uncertainties, including some that are known and some that are not. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed and actual future results may vary materially. Although it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors, they may include the following: . Generic competition as several products face expiration of product patents in the United States and other countries in the near term, including Pepcid (U.S. -2000), Vasotec (U.S. - 2000), Mevacor (U.S. - 2001), Prinivil/Prinzide (U.S. -2001) and Vaseretic (U.S. - 2001). In addition, Prilosec, which is supplied exclusively to AstraZeneca LP, will face expiration of a product patent in 2001. . Increased "brand" competition in therapeutic areas important to the Company's long-term business performance. . The difficulties and uncertainties inherent in new product development. The outcome of the lengthy and complex process of new product development is inherently uncertain. A candidate can fail at any stage of the process and one or more late-stage product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval. New product candidates may appear promising in development but fail to reach the market because of efficacy or safety concerns, the inability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals, the difficulty or excessive cost to manufacture and/or the infringement of patents or intellectual property rights of others. Furthermore, the sales of new products may prove to be disappointing and fail to reach anticipated levels. 9 . Pricing pressures, both in the United States and abroad, including rules and practices of managed care groups, judicial decisions and governmental laws and regulations related to Medicare, Medicaid and healthcare reform, pharmaceutical reimbursement and pricing in general. . Changes in government laws and regulations and the enforcement thereof affecting the Company's pharmaceutical, vaccine and/or pharmaceutical benefits management businesses. . Efficacy or safety concerns with respect to marketed products, whether or not scientifically justified, leading to product recalls, withdrawals or declining sales. . Legal factors, including product liability claims, antitrust litigation and governmental investigations, environmental concerns and patent disputes with competitors, any of which could preclude commercialization of products or negatively affect the profitability of existing products. . Lost market opportunity resulting from delays and uncertainties in the approval process of the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities. . Changes in tax laws including changes related to the taxation of foreign earnings, as well as the impact of legislation capping and ultimately repealing Section 936 of the Internal Revenue Code (relating to earnings from the Company's Puerto Rican operations). . Changes in accounting standards promulgated by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Financial Accounting Standards Board or the Securities and Exchange Commission that are adverse to the Company. . Economic factors over which the Company has no control, including changes in inflation, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. This list should not be considered an exhaustive statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. Geographic Area and Segment Information The Company's operations outside the United States are conducted primarily through subsidiaries. Sales of the Company's human health products by subsidiaries outside the United States were 40% of the Company's human health sales in 1999, and 43% and 46% in 1998 and 1997, respectively. The 1999 and 1998 percentages were affected by increased domestic supply sales to AstraZeneca LP, as a result of the restructuring of AMI. The Company's worldwide business is subject to risks of currency fluctuations, governmental actions and other governmental proceedings abroad. The Company does not regard these risks as a deterrent to further expansion of its operations abroad. However, the Company closely reviews its methods of operations and adopts strategies responsive to changing economic and political conditions. Within the EU, there has been an evolution toward a single market in pharmaceuticals, for which Economic and Monetary Union ("EMU"), including the adoption of the euro as a single currency, marks an important step. The Company has recognized the strategic significance of this development and has adopted the euro for use in EMU markets. In this way, the Company is demonstrating its support for the European Community's industrial policy. The Company is continually seeking to take advantage of these opportunities to improve the efficiency and productivity of its EU operations. In recent years, the Company has been expanding its operations in countries located in Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia Pacific where changes in government policies and economic conditions are making it possible for the Company to earn fair returns. Business in these developing areas, while sometimes less stable, offers important opportunities for growth over time. Financial information about geographic areas and operating segments of the Company's business is incorporated by reference to page 54 (beginning with the caption "Segment Reporting") and 55 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to stockholders. 10 Other Matters The Company initiated a program in 1996 to assess the risks of Year 2000 noncompliance, remediate all non-compliant systems, assess the readiness of key third parties and develop contingency plans. The critical aspects of the Year 2000 readiness program were completed in the third quarter of 1999. The Company has not experienced any significant business disruptions related to the transition to the Year 2000; however, the Company will continue to actively monitor its systems and third party suppliers throughout most of the first quarter. Contingency plans are in place to prevent the failure of critical systems from having a material effect on the Company and address the risk of third party noncompliance. Total costs to address the Year 2000 issue were not material to the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Item 2. Properties. The Company's corporate headquarters is located in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey. The Company's pharmaceutical business is conducted through divisional headquarters located in Rahway, New Jersey and West Point, Pennsylvania. Principal research facilities for human and animal health products are located in Rahway and West Point. The Company also has production facilities for human and animal health products at nine locations in the United States and Puerto Rico. Branch warehouses provide services throughout the country. Outside the United States, through subsidiaries, the Company owns or has an interest in manufacturing plants or other properties in Australia, Canada, countries in Western Europe, Central and South America, Africa and Asia. Merck-Medco operates its primary businesses through its headquarters located in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, and through owned or leased facilities in various locations throughout the United States. Capital expenditures for 1999 were $2,560.5 million compared with $1,973.4 million for 1998. In the United States, these amounted to $1,954.7 million for 1999 and $1,413.6 million for 1998. Abroad, such expenditures amounted to $605.8 million for 1999 and $559.8 million for 1998. The Company and its subsidiaries own their principal facilities and manufacturing plants under titles which they consider to be satisfactory. The Company considers that its properties are in good operating condition and that its machinery and equipment have been well maintained. Plants for the manufacture of products are suitable for their intended purposes and have capacities and projected capacities adequate for current and projected needs for existing Company products. Some capacity of the plants is being converted, with any needed modification, to the requirements of newly introduced and future products. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. The Company, including Merck-Medco, is party to a number of antitrust suits, certain of which have been certified as class actions, instituted by most of the nation's retail pharmacies and consumers in several states, alleging conspiracies in restraint of trade and challenging the pricing and/or purchasing practices of the Company and Merck-Medco, respectively. A significant number of other pharmaceutical companies and wholesalers have also been sued in the same or similar litigation. These actions, except for several actions pending in state courts, have been consolidated for pre-trial purposes in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. In 1996, the Company and several other defendants finalized an agreement to settle the federal class action alleging conspiracy, which represents the single largest group of retail pharmacy claims, pursuant to which the Company paid $51.8 million. Since that time, the Company has entered into other settlements on satisfactory terms. The Company has not engaged in any conspiracy and no admission of wrongdoing was made nor was included in the final agreements. While it is not feasible to predict the final outcome of these proceedings, in the opinion of the Company, such proceedings should not ultimately result in any liability which would have a materially adverse effect on the financial position, liquidity or results of operations of the Company. The Company is a party to a number of proceedings brought under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, commonly known as Superfund. These proceedings seek to require the operators of hazardous waste disposal facilities, transporters of waste to the sites and generators of hazardous waste disposed of at the sites to clean up the sites or to reimburse the government for cleanup costs. The 11 Company has been made a party to these proceedings as an alleged generator of waste disposed of at the sites. In each case, the government alleges that the defendants are jointly and severally liable for the cleanup costs. Although joint and several liability is alleged, these proceedings are frequently resolved so that the allocation of cleanup costs among the parties more nearly reflects the relative contributions of the parties to the site situation. The Company's potential liability varies greatly from site to site. For some sites the potential liability is de minimis and for others the costs of cleanup have not yet been determined. While it is not feasible to predict the outcome of many of these proceedings brought by federal or state agencies or private litigants, in the opinion of the Company, such proceedings should not ultimately result in any liability which would have a materially adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources of the Company. The Company has taken an active role in identifying and providing for these costs and such amounts do not include any reduction for anticipated recoveries of cleanup costs from insurers, former site owners or operators or other recalcitrant potentially responsible parties. In November 1994, the Company, along with other pharmaceutical manufacturers and pharmaceutical benefits managers ("PBMs"), received a notice from the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") that the FTC intended to investigate agreements, alliances, activities and acquisitions involving pharmaceutical manufacturers and PBMs. In August 1998, the Company and Merck-Medco reached an agreement with the FTC that resolves the investigation as to the Company and Merck-Medco. The agreement formalizes the policies and practices the Company and Merck-Medco voluntarily adopted over four years ago governing the operation of their businesses. The agreement will not affect how the Company and Merck- Medco currently compete in the marketplace, serve their customers or conduct business with third parties. Accordingly, the Company does not believe that the agreement will have a materially adverse effect on the Company's financial position, liquidity or results of operations. In March 1996, the Company, along with other pharmaceutical manufacturers, received a notice from the FTC that it was conducting an investigation into pricing practices. The Company has cooperated fully with the FTC in this investigation, and believes that it is currently operating in all material respects in accordance with applicable standards. Accordingly, although the Company cannot predict the outcome of this investigation, it does not believe it will have a materially adverse effect on the financial position, liquidity or results of operations of the Company. There are various other legal proceedings, principally product liability and intellectual property suits involving the Company, which are pending. While it is not feasible to predict the outcome of these proceedings, in the opinion of the Company, all such proceedings are either adequately covered by insurance or, if not so covered, should not ultimately result in any liability which would have a materially adverse effect on the financial position, liquidity or results of operations of the Company. Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. Not applicable. _________________ 12 Executive Officers of the Registrant (as of March 15, 2000) RAYMOND V. GILMARTIN -- Age 59 June, 1994 -- Chairman of the Board (since November, 1994), President and Chief Executive Officer DAVID W. ANSTICE -- Age 51 January, 1997 -- President, Human Health-The Americas -- responsible for the Company's prescription drug business in the United States, Canada and Latin America and medical and scientific affairs September, 1994 -- President, Human Health-U.S./Canada -- responsible for the Company's prescription drug business in the United States and Canada, worldwide coordination of marketing policies and medical and scientific affairs PAUL R. BELL -- Age 54 April, 1997 -- President, Human Health-Asia Pacific -- responsible for the Company's prescription drug business in the Far East, Australia, New Zealand and Japan March, 1994 -- Vice President, Merck Sharp & Dohme Australia and New Zealand RICHARD T. CLARK -- Age 54 January, 2000 -- President, Merck-Medco Managed Care, L.L.C., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company June, 1997 -- Executive Vice President/Chief Operating Officer, Merck-Medco Managed Care, L.L.C. April, 1997 -- Senior Vice President, Quality Commercial Affairs, Merck Manufacturing Division (MMD) May, 1996 -- Senior Vice President, North American Operations, MMD October, 1994 -- Vice President, North American Operations, MMD CELIA A. COLBERT -- Age 43 January, 1997 -- Vice President, Secretary and Assistant General Counsel November, 1993 -- Secretary (since September, 1993) and Assistant General Counsel LINDA M. DISTLERATH -- Age 46 January, 1999 -- Vice President, Public Affairs -- responsible for public affairs and The Merck Company Foundation (a not-for-profit charitable organization affiliated with the Company) October, 1997 -- Executive Director, Public Policy and Merck Research Laboratories (MRL) Public Affairs April, 1995 -- Executive Director, MRL Public Affairs October, 1990 -- Senior Director, Science & Technology Policy -- responsible for public policy strategies in support of the Company's research and development programs 13 CAROLINE DORSA -- Age 40 September, 1999 -- Vice President and Treasurer -- responsible for the Company's treasury and tax functions and for providing financial support for the Asia Pacific Division February, 1999 -- Vice President and Treasurer -- responsible for the Company's treasury and tax functions January, 1997 -- Vice President and Treasurer January, 1994 -- Treasurer KENNETH C. FRAZIER -- Age 45 December, 1999 -- Senior Vice President and General Counsel -- responsible for legal and public affairs functions and The Merck Company Foundation (a not-for-profit charitable organization affiliated with the Company) January, 1999 -- Vice President and Deputy General Counsel January, 1997 -- Vice President, Public Affairs and Assistant General Counsel -- responsible for public affairs, corporate legal activities and The Merck Company Foundation April, 1994 -- Vice President, Public Affairs RICHARD C. HENRIQUES JR. -- Age 44 February, 1999 -- Vice President, Controller -- responsible for the Corporate Controller's Group and providing financial support for U.S. Human Health, Canada and Latin America (The Americas) January, 1998 -- Vice President & Controller, The Americas January, 1997 -- Controller, The Americas January, 1994 -- Controller, North America Pharmaceutical Care BERNARD J. KELLEY -- Age 58 December, 1993 -- President, Merck Manufacturing Division JUDY C. LEWENT -- Age 51 January, 1997 -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer -- responsible for financial and corporate development functions, internal auditing and the Company's joint venture relationships September, 1994 -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since January, 1993) -- responsible for financial and public affairs functions, The Merck Company Foundation (a not-for-profit charitable organization affiliated with the Company) (since December, 1993), internal auditing and the Company's joint venture relationships 14 PER G. H. LOFBERG -- Age 52 January, 2000 -- Chairman, Merck-Medco Managed Care, L.L.C., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company December, 1995 -- President, Merck-Medco Managed Care, L.L.C. January, 1994 -- President, Merck-Medco Managed Care Division ADEL MAHMOUD -- Age 58 May, 1999 -- President, Merck Vaccines November, 1998 -- Executive Vice President, Merck Vaccines Prior to November, 1998, Dr. Mahmoud was the John H. Hord Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine and Physician-in-Chief, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland (1987-1998) ROGER M. PERLMUTTER -- Age 47 July, 1999 -- Executive Vice President, Worldwide Basic Research and Preclinical Development, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL) February, 1999 -- Executive Vice President, MRL February, 1997 -- Senior Vice President, MRL Prior to February, 1997, Dr. Perlmutter was Professor and Chairman, Department of Immunology, University of Washington (1989-1997) and Investigator, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (1991-1997) EDWARD M. SCOLNICK -- Age 59 December, 1999 -- Executive Vice President, Science and Technology and President, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL) -- responsible for worldwide research function, computer resources and corporate licensing September, 1994 -- Executive Vice President (since January, 1993), Science and Technology and President, MRL (since May, 1985) -- responsible for worldwide research function and activities of Merck Manufacturing Division (since December, 1993), computer resources (since January, 1993) and corporate licensing PER WOLD-OLSEN -- Age 52 January, 1997 -- President, Human Health-Europe, Middle East & Africa -- responsible for the Company's prescription drug business in Europe, the Middle East and Africa and worldwide coordination of marketing policies September, 1994 -- President, Human Health-Europe -- responsible for the Company's European prescription drug business 15 WENDY L. YARNO -- Age 45 December, 1999 -- Senior Vice President, Human Resources June, 1999 -- Vice President, Human Resources January, 1999 -- Vice President, Worldwide Human Health Marketing November, 1997 to January, 1999, Ms. Yarno was Vice President, Women's Health Care, Johnson & Johnson, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical (manufacturer of pharmaceuticals) January, 1995 to November, 1997 -- Vice President, Hypertension and Heart Failure Therapeutic Business Group, U.S. Human Health All officers listed above serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. None of these officers was elected pursuant to any arrangement or understanding between the officer and the Board, other than Mr. Gilmartin, whose employment agreement with the Company expired on October 31, 1999 (and is included as an exhibit to this Form 10-K). Mr. Gilmartin continues to serve in his capacity as Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. There are no family relationships among the officers listed above. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters. The information required for this item is incorporated by reference to pages 41 and 58 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to stockholders. Item 6. Selected Financial Data. The information required for this item is incorporated by reference to the data for the last five fiscal years of the Company included under Results for Year and Year-End Position in the Selected Financial Data table on page 58 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to stockholders. Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The information required for this item is incorporated by reference to pages 31 through 41 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to stockholders. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. The information required for this item is incorporated by reference to pages 39 (under the caption "Analysis of Liquidity and Capital Resources") to 41 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to stockholders. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. (a) Financial Statements The consolidated balance sheet of Merck & Co., Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the related consolidated statements of income, retained earnings, comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 and the report dated January 26, 2000 of Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public accountants, are incorporated by reference to pages 42 through 55 and page 56 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to stockholders. (b) Supplementary Data Selected quarterly financial data for 1999 and 1998 are incorporated by reference to the data contained in the Condensed Interim Financial Data table on page 41 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to stockholders. 16 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. Not applicable. PART III Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant. The required information on directors and nominees is incorporated by reference to pages 2 (beginning with the caption "Election of Directors") to 6 of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 25, 2000. Information on executive officers is set forth in Part I of this document on pages 13 to 16. The required information on compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is incorporated by reference to page 29 (under the caption "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance") of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 25, 2000. Item 11. Executive Compensation. The information required for this item is incorporated by reference to page 8 (under the caption "Compensation of Directors"), and 10 (beginning with the caption "Compensation and Benefits Committee Report on Executive Compensation") through 19 of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 25, 2000. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management. The information required for this item is incorporated by reference to pages 9 (under the caption "Security Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers") to 10 of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 25, 2000. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions. Not applicable. PART IV Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K. (a) Documents filed as part of this Form 10-K 1. Financial Statements The following consolidated financial statements and report of independent public accountants are incorporated herein by reference to the Company's 1999 Annual Report to stockholders, as noted on page 16 of this document: Consolidated statement of income for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Consolidated statement of retained earnings for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 1999 and 1998 Consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Notes to consolidated financial statements 17 Report of independent public accountants 2. Financial Statement Schedules Schedules are omitted because they are either not required or not applicable. The registrant is primarily an operating company and all of the subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements filed are wholly owned except for minority interests in four consolidated subsidiaries. 3. Exhibits Exhibit Number Description Method of Filing ------ ----------- ---------------- 2.1 -- Master Restructuring Agreement dated as of *** June 19, 1998 between Astra AB, Merck & Co., Inc., Astra Merck Inc., Astra USA, Inc., KB USA, L.P., Astra Merck Enterprises, Inc., KBI Sub Inc., Merck Holdings, Inc. and Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P. (Portions of this Exhibit are subject to a request for confidential treatment filed with the Commission) 3(a) -- Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Incorporated by reference to Merck & Co., Inc. (May 6, 1992) Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1992 3(b) -- Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporated by reference to Incorporation of Merck & Co., Inc. Form 10-K Annual Report for (as amended January 14, 1999, effective the fiscal year ended February 16, 1999) December 31, 1998 3(c) -- By-Laws of Merck & Co., Inc. (as amended Incorporated by reference to effective February 25, 1997) Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended March 31, 1997 10(a) -- Executive Incentive Plan (as amended ** effective February 27, 1996) 10(b) -- Base Salary Deferral Plan (as adopted on Incorporated by reference to October 22, 1996, effective January 1, Form 10-K Annual Report 1997) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 10(c) -- 1987 Incentive Stock Plan (as amended Incorporated by reference to effective May 6, 1992) Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1992 10(d) -- 1991 Incentive Stock Plan (as amended * effective February 23, 1994) 10(e) -- 1996 Incentive Stock Plan (as amended Incorporated by reference to November 24, 1998) Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 1999 18 Exhibit Number Description Method of Filing ------ ----------- ---------------- 10(f) -- Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan Incorporated by reference to (as amended and restated February 24, 1998) Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 10(g) -- 1996 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan Incorporated by reference to (as amended April 27, 1999) Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 1999 10(h) -- Supplemental Retirement Plan (as amended * effective January 1, 1995) 10(i) -- Retirement Plan for the Directors of Incorporated by reference to Merck & Co., Inc. (amended and Form 10-Q Quarterly Report restated June 21, 1996) for the period ended June 30, 1996 10(j) -- Plan for Deferred Payment of Directors' Incorporated by reference to Compensation (restated as of Form 10-Q Quarterly Report June 1, 1999) for the period ended June 30, 1999 10(k) -- Form of Stock Option Agreement **** dated October 14, 1992 between Merck-Medco and Per G.H. Lofberg (together with a list showing the number of options held) 10(l) -- Employment Agreement between Per G.H. Incorporated by reference to Lofberg and Merck-Medco dated April 1, Form 10-K Annual Report of 1993 Medco Containment Services, Inc. for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1993 10(m) -- Amendment dated July 27, 1993 to ** Employment Agreement between Per G.H. Lofberg and Merck-Medco dated April 1, 1993 10(n) -- Letter Agreement dated May 24, 1996 with Incorporated by reference to respect to the Employment Agreement Form 10-Q Quarterly Report between Per G.H. Lofberg and Merck-Medco for the period ended June 30, 1996 dated April 1, 1993 and amended July 27, 1993 10(o) -- Employment Agreement between Incorporated by reference to Raymond V. Gilmartin and the Company Form 10-Q Quarterly Report dated June 9, 1994 for the period ended June 30, 1994 10(p) -- Amended and Restated License and Option *** Agreement dated as of July 1, 1998 between Astra AB and Astra Merck Inc. 10(q) -- KBI Shares Option Agreement dated as of *** July 1, 1998 by and among Astra AB, Merck & Co., Inc. and Merck Holdings, Inc. 10(r) -- KBI-E Asset Option Agreement dated as of *** July 1, 1998 by and among Astra AB, Merck & Co., Inc., Astra Merck Inc. and Astra Merck Enterprises Inc. 19 Exhibit Number Description Method of Filing ------ ----------- ---------------- 10(s) -- KBI Supply Agreement dated as of *** July 1, 1998 between Astra Merck Inc. and Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P. (Portions of this Exhibit are subject to a request for confidential treatment filed with the Commission) 10(t) -- Second Amended and Restated Manufacturing *** Agreement dated as of July 1, 1998 among Merck & Co., Inc., Astra AB, Astra Merck Inc. and Astra USA, Inc. 10(u) -- Limited Partnership Agreement dated as of *** July 1, 1998 between KB USA, L.P. and KBI Sub Inc. 10(v) -- Distribution Agreement dated as of July 1, 1998 *** between Astra Merck Enterprises Inc. and Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P. 10(w) -- Agreement to Incorporate Defined Terms dated *** as of June 19, 1998 between Astra AB, Merck & Co., Inc., Astra Merck Inc., Astra USA, Inc., KB USA, L.P., Astra Merck Enterprises Inc., KBI Sub Inc., Merck Holdings, Inc. and Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P. 10(x) -- Stock Purchase Agreement between Incorporated by reference to Raymond V. Gilmartin and the Company Form 10-Q Quarterly Report dated June 16, 1999 for the period ended June 30, 1999 12 -- Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Filed with this document Charges 13 -- 1999 Annual Report to stockholders (only Filed with this document those portions incorporated by reference in this document are deemed "filed") 21 -- List of subsidiaries Filed with this document 23 -- Consent of Independent Public Accountants Contained on page 23 of this Report 24 -- Power of Attorney and Certified Resolution Filed with this document of Board of Directors 27 -- Financial Data Schedule Filed with this document ______________ * Incorporated by reference to Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994 ** Incorporated by reference to Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 *** Incorporated by reference to Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 1998 **** Incorporated by reference to Post Effective Amendment No.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 to Form S-4 Registration Statement (No. 33-50667) None of the instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries (Exhibit Number 4) are being filed since the total amount of securities authorized under any of such instruments taken individually does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Company agrees to furnish a copy of such instruments to the Commission upon request. 20 Copies of the exhibits may be obtained by stockholders upon written request directed to the Stockholder Services Department, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 100--WS 3AB-40, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey 08889-0100 accompanied by check in the amount of $5.00 payable to Merck & Co., Inc. to cover processing and mailing costs. (b) Reports on Form 8-K During the three-month period ended December 31, 1999, one Current Report was filed on Form 8-K under Item 5 -- Other Events regarding the Company's business briefing to analysts. This report was dated December 9, 1999 and filed December 16, 1999. 21 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. MERCK & CO., INC. Dated: March 22, 2000 By RAYMOND V. GILMARTIN (Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer) By CELIA A. COLBERT Celia A. Colbert (Attorney-in-Fact) Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signatures Title Date ---------- ----- ---- RAYMOND V. GILMARTIN Chairman of the Board, March 22, 2000 President and Chief Executive Officer; Principal Executive Officer; Director JUDY C. LEWENT Senior Vice President and Chief March 22, 2000 Financial Officer; Principal Financial Officer RICHARD C. HENRIQUES JR. Vice President, Controller; March 22, 2000 Principal Accounting Officer H. BREWSTER ATWATER JR. Director March 22, 2000 DEREK BIRKIN Director March 22, 2000 LAWRENCE A. BOSSIDY Director March 22, 2000 WILLIAM G. BOWEN Director March 22, 2000 CAROLYNE K. DAVIS Director March 22, 2000 LLOYD C. ELAM Director March 22, 2000 CHARLES E. EXLEY JR. Director March 22, 2000 WILLIAM B. HARRISON JR. Director March 22, 2000 WILLIAM N. KELLEY Director March 22, 2000 EDWARD M. SCOLNICK Director March 22, 2000 ANNE M. TATLOCK Director March 22, 2000 SAMUEL O. THIER Director March 22, 2000 DENNIS WEATHERSTONE Director March 22, 2000 Celia A. Colbert, by signing her name hereto, does hereby sign this document pursuant to powers of attorney duly executed by the persons named, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to this document, on behalf of such persons, all in the capacities and on the date stated, such persons including a majority of the directors of the Company. By CELIA A. COLBERT Celia A. Colbert (Attorney-in-Fact) 22 Exhibit 23 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS As independent public accountants, we hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Form 10-K of our report dated January 26, 2000 included in the Company's Annual Report to stockholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999, into the Company's previously filed Registration Statements on Form S- 8 (Nos. 33-21087, 33-21088, 33-36101, 33-40177, 33-51235, 33-53463, 33-64273, 33-64665, 333-23293, 333-23295, 333-91769, 333-30526 and 333-31762), on Form S-4 (No. 33-50667) and on Form S-3 (Nos. 33-39349, 33-60322, 33-51785, 33-57421, 333-17045, 333-36383 and 333-77569). It should be noted that we have not audited any financial statements of the Company subsequent to December 31, 1999 or performed any audit procedures subsequent to the date of our report. ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP New York, New York March 22, 2000 23 EXHIBIT INDEX ------------- Exhibit Number Description Method of Filing ------ ----------- ---------------- 2.1 -- Master Restructuring Agreement dated as of *** June 19, 1998 between Astra AB, Merck & Co., Inc., Astra Merck Inc., Astra USA, Inc., KB USA, L.P., Astra Merck Enterprises, Inc., KBI Sub Inc., Merck Holdings, Inc. and Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P. (Portions of this Exhibit are subject to a request for confidential treatment filed with the Commission) 3(a) -- Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Incorporated by reference to Merck & Co., Inc. (May 6, 1992) Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1992 3(b) -- Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporated by reference to Incorporation of Merck & Co., Inc. Form 10-K Annual Report for (as amended January 14, 1999, effective the fiscal year ended February 16, 1999) December 31, 1998 3(c) -- By-Laws of Merck & Co., Inc. (as amended Incorporated by reference to effective February 25, 1997) Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended March 31, 1997 10(a) -- Executive Incentive Plan (as amended ** effective February 27, 1996) 10(b) -- Base Salary Deferral Plan (as adopted on Incorporated by reference to October 22, 1996, effective January 1, Form 10-K Annual Report 1997) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 10(c) -- 1987 Incentive Stock Plan (as amended Incorporated by reference to effective May 6, 1992) Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1992 10(d) -- 1991 Incentive Stock Plan (as amended * effective February 23, 1994) 10(e) -- 1996 Incentive Stock Plan (as amended Incorporated by reference to November 24, 1998) Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 1999 Exhibit Number Description Method of Filing ------ ----------- ---------------- 10(f) -- Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan Incorporated by reference to (as amended and restated February 24, 1998) Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 10(g) -- 1996 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan Incorporated by reference to (as amended April 27, 1999) Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 1999 10(h) -- Supplemental Retirement Plan (as amended * effective January 1, 1995) 10(i) -- Retirement Plan for the Directors of Incorporated by reference to Merck & Co., Inc. (amended and Form 10-Q Quarterly Report restated June 21, 1996) for the period ended June 30, 1996 10(j) -- Plan for Deferred Payment of Directors' Incorporated by reference to Compensation (restated as of Form 10-Q Quarterly Report June 1, 1999) for the period ended June 30, 1999 10(k) -- Form of Stock Option Agreement **** dated October 14, 1992 between Merck-Medco and Per G.H. Lofberg (together with a list showing the number of options held) 10(l) -- Employment Agreement between Per G.H. Incorporated by reference to Lofberg and Merck-Medco dated April 1, Form 10-K Annual Report of 1993 Medco Containment Services, Inc. for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1993 10(m) -- Amendment dated July 27, 1993 to ** Employment Agreement between Per G.H. Lofberg and Merck-Medco dated April 1, 1993 10(n) -- Letter Agreement dated May 24, 1996 with Incorporated by reference to respect to the Employment Agreement Form 10-Q Quarterly Report between Per G.H. Lofberg and Merck-Medco for the period ended June 30, 1996 dated April 1, 1993 and amended July 27, 1993 10(o) -- Employment Agreement between Incorporated by reference to Raymond V. Gilmartin and the Company Form 10-Q Quarterly Report dated June 9, 1994 for the period ended June 30, 1994 10(p) -- Amended and Restated License and Option *** Agreement dated as of July 1, 1998 between Astra AB and Astra Merck Inc. 10(q) -- KBI Shares Option Agreement dated as of *** July 1, 1998 by and among Astra AB, Merck & Co., Inc. and Merck Holdings, Inc. 10(r) -- KBI-E Asset Option Agreement dated as of *** July 1, 1998 by and among Astra AB, Merck & Co., Inc., Astra Merck Inc. and Astra Merck Enterprises Inc. Exhibit Number Description Method of Filing ------ ----------- ---------------- 10(s) -- KBI Supply Agreement dated as of *** July 1, 1998 between Astra Merck Inc. and Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P. (Portions of this Exhibit are subject to a request for confidential treatment filed with the Commission) 10(t) -- Second Amended and Restated Manufacturing *** Agreement dated as of July 1, 1998 among Merck & Co., Inc., Astra AB, Astra Merck Inc. and Astra USA, Inc. 10(u) -- Limited Partnership Agreement dated as of *** July 1, 1998 between KB USA, L.P. and KBI Sub Inc. 10(v) -- Distribution Agreement dated as of July 1, 1998 *** between Astra Merck Enterprises Inc. and Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P. 10(w) -- Agreement to Incorporate Defined Terms dated *** as of June 19, 1998 between Astra AB, Merck & Co., Inc., Astra Merck Inc., Astra USA, Inc., KB USA, L.P., Astra Merck Enterprises Inc., KBI Sub Inc., Merck Holdings, Inc. and Astra Pharmaceuticals, L.P. 10(x) -- Stock Purchase Agreement between Incorporated by reference to Raymond V. Gilmartin and the Company Form 10-Q Quarterly Report dated June 16, 1999 for the period ended June 30, 1999 12 -- Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Filed with this document Charges 13 -- 1999 Annual Report to stockholders (only Filed with this document those portions incorporated by reference in this document are deemed "filed") 21 -- List of subsidiaries Filed with this document 23 -- Consent of Independent Public Accountants Contained on page 23 of this Report 24 -- Power of Attorney and Certified Resolution Filed with this document of Board of Directors 27 -- Financial Data Schedule Filed with this document _________________ * Incorporated by reference to Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994 ** Incorporated by reference to Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 *** Incorporated by reference to Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 1998 **** Incorporated by reference to Post Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-8 to Form S-4 Registration Statement (No. 33-50667) None of the instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries (Exhibit Number 4) are being filed since the total amount of securities authorized under any of such instruments taken individually does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Company agrees to furnish a copy of such instruments to the Commission upon request.