EXHIBIT 12 COMPUTATION OF RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES (in thousands) Historical Year Ended December 31, ---------------------------------------------------------- Pro forma 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1996 -------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Earnings (loss) before income taxes and extraordinary loss.................... $ (8,947) $ (8,182) $ (3,414) $ (2,500) $ (5,475) $ (6,269) Add: fixed charges as defined One-third of rents(a).................... 1,471 1,476 1,585 2,030 2,658 4,577 Interest expense......................... 11,623 12,250 11,831 11,807 12,886 12,969 Amortization of financing fees........... 598 628 615 801 514 566 -------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Total fixed charges........................ $ 13,692 $ 14,354 $ 14,031 $ 14,638 $ 16,058 $ 18,112 -------- -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Total earnings before fixed charges................................ $ 4,745 $ 6,172 $ 10,617 $ 12,138 $ 10,583 $ 11,843 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== Ratios of earnings to fixed charges........ - (b) - (b) - (b) - (b) - (b) - (c) ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== - ---------- (a) Estimated by management as being representative of the interest factor relating to rental expense. (b) Earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges for the years ended December 31, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 by $8,947, $8,182, $3,414, $2,500, and $5,475, respectively. (c) On a pro forma basis, earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges by $6,269 for the year ended December 31, 1996.