Exhibit (a)(1)(F)
            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

   Guidelines for Determining the Proper Identification Number to Give the
Payer--Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: i.e.,
000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by only
one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to
give the Payer.


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                                                 Give the name and
                                                 SOCIAL SECURITY
 For this type of account:                       number of--
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              
  1.Individual                                   The individual

  2.Two or more individuals (joint account)      The actual owner of the
                                                 account or, if combined
                                                 funds, the first individual on
                                                 the account(1)

  3.Custodian account of a minor (Uniform        The minor(2)
    Gift to Minors Act)

  4.  a. The usual revocable savings trust       The grantor-trustee(1)
         (grantor is also trustee)

     b. So-called trust account that is not a    The actual owner(1)
        legal or valid trust under State law

 5.Sole proprietorship                           The owner(3)



- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                      Give the name and
                                                      EMPLOYER
                                                      IDENTIFICATION
For this type of account:                             number of--
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   
 6.Sole proprietorship account                        The owner(3)

 7.A valid trust, estate or pension trust             The legal entity (Do not
                                                      furnish the identifying
                                                      number of the personal
                                                      representative or trustee
                                                      unless the legal entity itself is
                                                      not designated in the account
                                                      title)(4)

 8.Corporate                                          The corporation

 9.Association, club, religious, charitable,          The organization
   educational, or other tax-exempt
   organization

10.Partnership                                        The partnership

11.A broker or registered nominee                     The broker or nominee

12.Account with the Department of Agriculture in      The public entity
   the name of a public entity (such as a State or
   local government, school district, or prison)
   that receives agricultural program payments

(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If
    only one person on a joint account has a SSN, that person's number must be
    furnished.
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3) You must show your individual name, but you may also enter your business or
    "doing business as" name. You may use either your social security number or
    employment identification number (if you have one).
(4) List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate or pension trust.

NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will
      be considered to be that of the first name listed.



GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
                                    Page 2

Obtaining a Number
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number or you don't know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card, or Form SS-4,
Application for Employer Identification Number (for businesses and all other
entities), or Form W-7 for Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (for alien
individuals required to file U.S. tax returns), at an office of the Social
Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service.

Payees Exempt from Backup Withholding
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on all payments include
the following:
  . An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual
    retirement plan, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7) if the
    account satisfies the requirements of section 401(f)(2).
  . The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
  . A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or
    any political subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
  . A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
    any agency or instrumentality thereof.
  . An international organization or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

Payees that may be exempt from backup withholding, including, among others:
  . A corporation.
  . A dealer in securities or commodities required to be registered in the
    U.S., the District of Columbia, or a possession of the U.S.
  . A real estate investment trust.
  . A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).
  . A financial institution.
  . An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment
    Company Act of 1940.
  . A foreign central bank of issue.
  . A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading
    Commission.
  . A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or custodian.
  . A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947.

Exempt payees described above should file a Substitute Form W-9 to avoid
possible erroneous backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH
YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE ''EXEMPT'' ON THE FACE OF THE FORM,
SIGN AND DATE THE FORM, AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYER.

Payments Exempt From Backup Withholding
Payments that are not subject to information reporting also are not subject to
backup withholding. For details, see sections 6041, 6041A, 6042, 6044, 6045,
6049, 6050A, and 6050N, and their regulations. The following payments are
generally exempt from backup withholding.

Dividends and patronage dividends
  . Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
  . Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
    that have at least one nonresident alien partner.
  . Payments of patronage dividends not paid in money.
  . Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
  . Section 404(k) distributions made by an ESOP.

Interest Payments
  . Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. However, if you
    pay $600 or more of interest in the course of your trade or business to a
    payee, you must report the payment. Backup withholding applies to the
    reportable payment if the payee has not provided a TIN or has provided an
    incorrect TIN.
  . Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
    section 852).
  . Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
  . Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
  . Payments made by certain foreign organizations.`
  . Mortgage or student loan interest paid to you.

Privacy Act Notice.--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend,
interest or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers
who must report the payments to the IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for
identification purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your tax return.
Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are required to file
tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 30% of taxable interest, dividend
and certain other payments to a payee who does not furnish a taxpayer
identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply.

Penalties
(1) Penalty for Failure to Furnish Taxpayer Identification Number.--If you fail
to furnish your correct taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are
subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

(2) Civil Penalty for False Information With Respect to Withholding.--If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.

(3) Criminal Penalty for Falsifying Information.--Falsifying certifications or
affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.