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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _______________ to ______________
Commission File No. 1-2267
THE MEAD CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Ohio 31-0535759
(State of Incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
MEAD WORLD HEADQUARTERS
COURTHOUSE PLAZA NORTHEAST
DAYTON, OHIO 45463
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 937-495-6323
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Name of Each Exchange
Title of Each Class on which Registered
------------------- ---------------------
Common Shares Without Par Value New York Stock Exchange
and Common Share Purchase Rights Chicago Stock Exchange
Pacific Exchange
-------------------------
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No __.
-------------------------
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
-------------------------
As of January 23, 1998, the aggregate market value of the voting shares
held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $3,309,766,961
determined by multiplying the highest selling price of a Common Share on the New
York Stock Exchange--Composite Transactions Tape on such date, times the amount
by which the total shares outstanding exceeded the shares beneficially owned by
directors and executive officers of the Registrant. Such determination shall
not, however, be deemed to be an admission that any person is an "affiliate" as
defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933.
The number of Common Shares outstanding at February 24, 1998 was
103,912,400.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of Registrant's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of
Shareholders scheduled to be held on April 23, 1998, are incorporated by
reference in Part III; definitive copies of said Proxy Statement were filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 1998.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
Mead manufactures and sells paper, pulp, paperboard, lumber and other wood
products. Mead also manufactures and distributes school and office supplies, and
distributes paper and other industrial supplies.
Mead was incorporated in 1930 under the laws of the state of Ohio as the
outgrowth of a paper manufacturing business founded in 1846, and has its
principal executive offices at Mead World Headquarters, Courthouse Plaza
Northeast, Dayton, Ohio 45463, telephone (937) 495-6323. Except as otherwise
indicated by the context, the terms "Company" or "Mead" as used herein refer to
The Mead Corporation and its subsidiaries.
Segment Information
Segment information is also included in Note R on pages 49-50.
Paper
Mead's Fine Paper division manufactures coated and uncoated papers for
commercial printing; form bond and carbonless paper and papers for conversion by
others into business forms; cut-size copier paper; and other uncoated papers for
conversion by others into such products as greeting cards. Mead's Publishing
Paper division manufactures web coated offset paper for use by book, magazine,
catalog and advertising brochure publishers; and, specialty papers through its
Oxford Specialty Papers business unit. The Fine Paper division sells papers
manufactured by both divisions nationwide, both on a direct basis to printers
and converters and through paper merchants, including merchants owned by Mead.
Additionally, Escanaba Paper Company and Mead Oxford Corporation, wholly-owned
subsidiaries, sell output to the Publishing Paper division of Mead, which
resells the paper directly to publishers and printers. The pulp mills adjacent
to the paper mills of these divisions and the pulp mill owned by an affiliate
(see "Forest Products Affiliates") produce virtually all of the pulp required
for use in these paper mills.
The Company's Gilbert Paper division manufactures cotton content and
premium sulfite paper and premium recycled papers, including bond, banknote,
text and cover, and papers for ink jet and laser printers, and sells these
products principally through paper merchants, including merchants owned by Mead,
as well as retail stores.
Mead's Specialty Paper division manufactures and sells, primarily through
its own sales force, decorative and overlay laminating papers. This division
also manufactures and sells specialty papers used in industrial applications.
The division's principal customers include manufacturers that serve the building
materials, automotive and furniture industries.
The Mead Pulp Sales division sells worldwide market pulp manufactured by
Northwood Pulp and Timber Ltd. of Canada, Great Lakes Pulp and Fibre, Inc. in
Menominee, Michigan, and Mead Publishing Paper of Escanaba, Michigan and
Rumford, Maine. Mead Pulp Sales also represents MODO Paper AB, of Sweden, and
Votorantim Celulose e Papel, of Brazil, for the sale of pulp in North America.
Mead Pulp Sales also sells through its affiliates International Fibre Sales in
Europe and Pulp Asia Ltd. in Japan, and through independent agents in all major
pulp consuming areas of the world.
1
Packaging and Paperboard
The Mead Packaging division designs and produces multiple packaging and
packaging systems primarily for the beverage take-home market. The division
operates through a network of subsidiaries, affiliates and licensees in the
United States, Canada, Europe, the Far East, Mexico and Latin America. Demand
for most beverage packaging is seasonal with inventories being built from
November to March for the peak soft drink and beer sales of April through
October.
Mead Coated Board, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mead, operates a
coated paperboard mill near Phenix City, Alabama, sawmills in Cottonton, Alabama
and Greenville, Georgia, and owns various timberlands in Alabama and Georgia.
The subsidiary is engaged primarily in the manufacture of coated natural kraft
products used by the beverage packaging industry and by manufacturers of folding
cartons for soaps, food products, hardware and apparel. The entire output of the
Phenix City mill is sold by Mead Coated Board, Inc. to the Mead Coated Board
division. The division sells approximately 50% of the mill output to the Mead
Packaging division. The remainder is sold to a wide range of domestic and
foreign carton converters. The division's customers are most concerned about
physical strength properties of the paperboard and its quality for
reprographics.
The Mead Containerboard division sells standard and special purpose
corrugated shipping containers manufactured at eight converting plants located
in the Midwestern and Southeastern regions of the United States from raw
materials received from outside sources and from the division's Stevenson,
Alabama corrugating medium mill. The division also sells corrugating medium from
the Stevenson mill to unaffiliated manufacturers of containers.
Forest Products Affiliates
Northwood Forest Industries Ltd. ("Northwood"), which is owned 50% by Mead
and 50% by Noranda Forest Inc. ("Noranda"), manufactures bleached softwood kraft
pulp at its 1,700 short ton-per-day mill in Prince George, British Columbia. The
principal markets for its pulp are in North America, western Europe and the Far
East. Lumber and plywood products are also produced at Northwood's five sawmills
and its plywood plant in British Columbia. Northwood has the annual capacity to
produce over one billion board feet of lumber and 170 million square feet of
plywood (3/8-inch basis). Northwood's solid wood products operations provide
about 750,000 tons (Metric ODT) of wood chips or 65% of the fiber requirements
for the pulp mill. A wood preserving operation also treats lumber and custom
treats plywood from other sources.
Northwood Panelboard Company ("Panelboard"), a partnership owned 50% by
Mead and 50% by Noranda Forest, located in Bemidji, Minnesota, has the annual
capacity to produce approximately 390 million square feet of oriented structural
board ("OSB") (3/8-inch basis).
All of the wood products produced by Northwood and Panelboard are sold
through a subsidiary of Noranda primarily in North America with approximately
15% sold to export markets. All of the market pulp produced by Northwood is sold
by Mead Pulp Sales. Mead has a long-term contract with Northwood pursuant to
which Mead is entitled to purchase such of Northwood's pulp production as it may
require.
2
Timberlands
Mead obtains most of its wood requirements from private contractors or
suppliers and from Company-owned timberlands. The annual wood requirement for
Mead's wholly-owned operations in 1997 was approximately 8,700,000 tons, of
which approximately 24.1% was obtained from timberlands owned or leased by Mead.
The annual wood requirement for Mead's wholly-owned operations expected in 1998
will be approximately the same.
The approximate annual requirement of wood for both Northwood and
Panelboard is 6,100,000 tons. At Northwood, the majority of wood is obtained
from Crown Lands through various types of cutting rights which are terminable or
renegotiable at the government's initiative and from third parties having
similar cutting rights. At Panelboard, wood is obtained from both private
landowners and various governmental sources (federal, state and county).
As of December 31, 1997, Mead owned or controlled approximately 2,050,000
acres of timberlands in the United States. Approximately 107,000 acres of land
are controlled by Mead under long-term agreements which expire at different
times through 2027.
Distribution and School and Office Products
Zellerbach, Mead's distribution division, is a national distributor of a
full line of printing papers, packaging materials and equipment, and industrial
supplies. These products are distributed through a network of wholesale
locations and printer-supply centers. The business units carry inventory or
order products against sales orders, depending upon the product and service
requirements. Zellerbach distributes not only products of Mead, but also those
of several hundred other manufacturers. In the distribution of paper and other
products, competing merchants frequently distribute products of the same
supplier.
The Mead School and Office Products division manufactures and distributes a
line of school supplies (including filler paper, wirebound notebooks, portfolios
and looseleaf binders), a line of office supply products (including envelopes,
filing supplies and vinyl folders and binders), and computer accessories
(including paper based products for computer use, laptop computer cases and
multi-media storage devices). The division's products are distributed primarily
through mass market retailers, office supply superstores and warehouse clubs.
The school supply segment is highly seasonal with inventories beginning to be
built in the winter and spring for shipment in late spring and summer, while the
home and office products and computer accessories portion of the business is
generally less seasonal in nature. Manufacturing is done in six facilities and
distributed from seven distribution centers in the United States.
Internationally, one manufacturing facility and distribution center is located
in Canada and one manufacturing facility is located in Mexico.
International Sales and Operations
Outside of the United States and Canada, Mead and its affiliates operate a
paperboard sheeting facility and are engaged in the manufacture of multiple
systems and folding carton packaging in Europe, Asia and Latin America. Mead
also has sales subsidiaries, affiliates, agents or distributors in a number of
countries in Europe, Asia, Australia and Latin America.
3
Competition
Mead competes on a worldwide basis in its product lines, and the markets in
which Mead sells its products are highly competitive. Several factors affect
Mead's competitive position, including quality, technology, product design,
customer service, price and cost. The Fine Paper and Publishing Paper divisions
compete with numerous other major paper manufacturers. The Specialty division
competes primarily with North American and European based decorative laminating
papermakers. The Gilbert division competes with a number of other manufacturers
of premium cotton, sulfite and recycled papers. The Coated Board division
competes with other boxboard producers, including manufacturers of all types of
coated recycled boxboard, coated solid bleached sulfate and folding boxboard.
The Packaging division competes with a number of carton suppliers and machine
manufacturers and other global systems-based multiple packaging suppliers, as
well as suppliers of other non-boxboard packaging systems. The Containerboard
division competes primarily with container producers, and corrugating and medium
producers in several market areas in the United States. The Zellerbach division
competes with national and regional merchant chains, as well as independent
local merchants. The School and Office Products division competes with national
and regional converters, some with broad product offerings and others focused on
narrow product segments.
Employee and Labor Relations
Mead employs approximately 14,400 persons within the United States and
2,100 persons outside the United States. Approximately 7,600 are production,
maintenance and clerical employees represented by labor unions. Mead's 50% owned
company, Northwood, employs approximately 2,300 persons. Mead and Northwood
together have approximately 50 labor agreements currently in force of which
approximately one-fifth are subject to renegotiation each year.
Mead's employee relation policies are based on mutual confidence and trust.
All Mead labor contract negotiations during 1997 were concluded without any
strikes.
Trademarks, Trade Names, Patents, and Franchises
Mead has a large number of trademarks and trade names under which it
conducts its business, including "Mead," "Mead Papers," "Mead Packaging,"
"Zellerbach," "Z," "Montag," "M and Design," "Trans/Rite," "Trans/Tab,"
"Duodozen," "Cluster-Pak," "Aria," "Cambridge," "Apex," "Info," "Trapper,"
"Trapper Keeper," "Neatbook," "Gilbert," "Oxford," "Gilcrest," "OPAS,"
"Signature," "CNK," "Five Star," "First Gear," "Neu-Tech," "Esse," "Organizer,"
"Spiral," "sig-NATURE," "Management Series," "Duraline," "Appli," "Duoply,"
"Techmates," "Hilroy," "CD Escort," "Mead Mind Meld," "Fill the Void," "Blue
Horse," "Mailbox Collection," "Super Shades," "Matrix," "Jet-Tech," "Voice,"
"PressStock," "Reliable," "Prism," "Chief," "Excel," "Mead Expression,"
"Moistrite," "PTO," "Publishers Matte," "Vision," and many others. Mead also has
a great number and variety of patents, patent rights and licenses relating to
its business. While, in the aggregate, the foregoing are of material importance
to Mead's business, the loss of any one or any related group of such
intellectual property rights would not have a material adverse effect on the
business of Mead.
Environmental Laws and Regulations
Mead's operations are subject to extensive regulation by various federal,
state, provincial and local environmental control statutes and regulations.
These regulations impose effluent and emission limitations, waste disposal and
other requirements upon the operations of Mead, and require Mead to obtain and
4
operate in compliance with the conditions of permits and similar authorizations
from the appropriate governmental authorities. Mead has obtained, has
applications pending, or is making application for such permits and
authorizations. Mead does not anticipate that compliance with such statutes and
regulations will have a material adverse effect on its competitive position
since its competitors are subject to the same statutes and regulations to a
relatively similar degree.
During the past five years (January 1, 1993 - December 31, 1997), Mead
(including its share of Northwood expenditures) constructed air and water
pollution control and other environmental facilities at a cost of approximately
$127.5 million. Environmental expenditures in the future are anticipated to
include long-term projects for maintenance and upgrade of wastewater treatment
plants, process modifications and air emission controls. Due to changes in
environmental laws and regulations, the application of such laws and regulations
and changes in environmental control technology, it is not possible for Mead to
predict with certainty the amount of capital expenditures to be incurred for
environmental purposes. Taking these uncertainties into account, Mead estimates
that in the next five years it may be required to incur expenditures of
approximately $110 million.
New regulations under the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act were announced
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("USEPA") in November 1997
and are scheduled for publication in the Federal Register in early 1998. These
regulations are designed to reduce air and water discharges of specific
substances from pulp and paper mills in the United States, and to require
installation of additional pollution control equipment based on best available
technology. Mead has included in its capital spending plans amounts necessary to
comply with the new regulations.
The USEPA issued proposed regulations implementing the Federal Great Lakes
Critical Programs Act of 1990 in 1993, which was enacted as a result of an
agreement between the United States and Canada in the 1970s to seek greater
consistency for water quality standards among the Great Lakes states (the Great
Lakes Initiative or "GLI"). The USEPA issued final regulations in 1995 which
establish minimum water quality criteria, anti-degradation policies and
implementation procedures. Various Great Lakes states, including Michigan and
Ohio, have adopted regulations consistent with the federal GLI regulations. Mead
does not believe that any significant additional capital expenditures beyond
expenditures stated above will be necessary in the next five years at Mead's
Escanaba facility to comply with the requirements of the Michigan GLI
regulations as finally adopted. The State of Ohio has determined at this time
that it will not apply GLI regulations to facilities discharging into the Ohio
River Basin. Mead's Chillicothe, Ohio facility discharges into the Ohio River
Basin.
In 1997, USEPA adopted new National Ambient Air Quality Standards ("NAAQS")
for ozone and particulate matter. The new standards do not create limits or
restrictions directly on air pollution sources. Rather, each state will be
required to review, and if necessary revise, its current plan for achieving and
maintaining compliance with NAAQS throughout the state. Mead does not anticipate
that the promulgation of these new standards will have a material adverse effect
on its competitive position since its competitors are subject to the standards
to a relatively similar degree.
Mead believes that most of the earlier expenditures for environmental
control have been beneficial. However, Mead and the trade associations of which
Mead is a member have challenged and will continue to challenge in
administrative and judicial proceedings, federal and state environmental control
regulations which they do not believe are beneficial to the environment or the
public. In some instances, Mead and those trade associations may also seek
legislative remedies to correct unnecessary or impractical requirements of
existing laws.
5
Dioxin currently cannot be detected under normal operating conditions in
treated effluents from Mead's three U. S. bleached paper mills. Taking into
account current regulatory efforts and the process and control equipment
installed at Mead's bleached paper mills, management does not believe that any
required actions in response to dioxin concerns will have a material adverse
effect on the Company.
Mead has been notified by the USEPA or by various state or local
governments that it may be liable under federal environmental laws or under
applicable state or local laws with respect to the cleanup of hazardous
substances at 6 sites currently operated or used by Mead. Mead is also currently
named as a potentially responsible party ("PRP"), or has received third party
requests for contribution under federal, state or local laws with respect to at
least 19 sites sold by Mead over many years or owned by contractors used by Mead
for disposal purposes. Some of these proceedings are described in more detail in
Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings." There are other former Mead facilities and
those of contractors which may contain contamination or which may have
contributed to potential superfund sites but for which Mead has not received any
notice or claim. Mead's potential liability for all these sites will depend upon
several factors, including the extent of contamination, the method of
remediation, insurance coverage and contribution by other PRPs. Although the
costs that Mead may be required to pay for remediation of all these owned and
unowned sites are not certain at this time, Mead has established reserves of
approximately $38 million relating to current environmental litigation and
proceedings which it believes are probable and reasonably estimable. These
reserves were established after considering the number of other PRPs, their
ability to pay their portion of the costs, the volumetric amount, if any, of
Mead's contribution, and other factors. Expenses to be charged to this reserve
are not included in the anticipated capital expenditures for the next five years
discussed above. Mead believes that it is reasonably possible that costs
associated with these owned and unowned sites may exceed current reserves by
amounts that may prove insignificant or by as much as approximately $45 million.
This estimate of the range of reasonably possible additional costs is less
certain than the estimate upon which reserves are based.
Item 2. Properties
Mead considers that its facilities are suitable and adequate for the
operations involved. With the exception of certain warehouses, general offices
and timberlands which are leased and certain warehouses which are owned or
leased and managed by third parties for Zellerbach, Mead owns all of the
properties described herein. For additional information regarding leases see
Note O on page 47. For additional information concerning Mead's timberlands and
properties of affiliates, see Part 1, Item 1. "Business".
Mead's corporate headquarters are in Dayton, Ohio and its principal
facilities are at the locations listed below:
6
Business Unit Facility Locations Principal Use
- ------------- ------------------ -------------
Fine Paper Chillicothe, Ohio Pulp mill, coated, uncoated
and carbonless paper mill
Indianapolis, Indiana Carbonless coating facility
Publishing Paper Escanaba, Michigan Pulp mill, coated paper mill
Rumford, Maine Pulp mill, coated, uncoated and
specialty paper mill
Gilbert Paper Menasha, Wisconsin Cotton and recycled content
and specialty paper mill
Specialty Paper South Lee, Massachusetts Decorative laminating and
specialty paper mill
Packaging Anniston, Alabama Paperboard packaging, multiple
Lanett, Alabama packaging systems for beverage
Atlanta, Georgia and food, packaging machinery
Buena Park, California manufacturing or repair
Chicago, Illinois facilities and ink manufacture
Ajax, Ontario, Canada
Chateauroux, France
Trento, Italy
Roosendaal, The Netherlands
Trier-Ehrang, Germany
Bristol, England
Shimada, Japan
Bilbao, Spain
Containerboard 8 plants within the United Corrugated container
States in midwest and manufacturing facilities
southern regions
Stevenson, Alabama Corrugating medium mill
Coated Board Phenix City, Alabama Coated paperboard mill, sheeting
Venlo, The Netherlands facilities and sawmills
Cottonton, Alabama
Greenville, Georgia
School and Office 6 manufacturing and 7 Home, office and school products
Products distribution locations manufacturing and distribution facilities
throughout the United
States, one manufacturing
and distribution location
in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
and one manufacturing
location in Nuevo Laredo,
Mexico
7
Zellerbach 39 wholesale locations Paper, packaging equipment and
throughout the United supplies distribution facilities
States; one converting
operation; 42 printer-
supply centers; and 5
third party warehouses
8
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
In September 1993 Mead signed a Consent Order with USEPA under Section
3008(h) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act with respect to a
landfill (the Storage Depot Site) owned and operated by Mead Fine Paper
division's Chillicothe, Ohio, mill. Under the terms of that Order, Mead
has performed investigative and remedial work designed to control releases
of hazardous substances from the Site. USEPA has approved the work
performed by Mead, including a long-term operation and monitoring program
for the Site.
In March 1991, Mead was served with a complaint entitled Beazer East
-----------
Inc. v. The Mead Corporation, C.A. No. 91-0408, filed in the United States
----------------------------
District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. The complaint
alleges that Mead is liable to Beazer for contribution for past and future
environmental remediation costs to be incurred by Beazer as a result of any
corrective measures required at the Woodward Facility located in Dolomite,
Alabama. Mead acquired the Woodward Facility by merger in 1968, and in
1974 sold it to Koppers, Inc., which was later acquired by Beazer. In May,
1997, the magistrate judge in the proceeding held a hearing to determine
the appropriate equitable factors to be applied in an allocation of
liability among the parties. No rulings on issues raised in the hearing
have been made, and proceedings continue in court regarding Beazer's
contribution claim. Although the extent of contamination and the method of
remediation to be required are not known at this time, based on information
currently available to Mead, after considering established reserves, rights
to contribution and potential insurance coverage, Mead does not expect this
proceeding will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition
or results of operations of the Company.
The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation ("TDEC")
advised Mead in September 1991 that a closed coke manufacturing facility
located in Chattanooga, Tennessee (the "Coke Plant Site") is a hazardous
substance site within the meaning of the Tennessee Hazardous Waste
Management Act, and that Mead may be a potentially responsible or liable
party. In June 1994 Mead agreed with TDEC to commence a removal action at
the closed coke plant site to permit demolition of structures, removal of
asbestos, control of surface water ponding and repairs to fencing. The
removal action was completed by December 1994. Mead is engaged in
discussions with TDEC concerning the scope of any additional remedial
actions that may be required for the site. The site is currently being
used by USEPA as a staging area as part of its removal action at
Chattanooga Creek (see discussion below). The coke plant was owned by the
Defense Plant Corporation during World War II and sold by the War Assets
Administration in 1946. Woodward Iron Company, formerly a division of
Mead, acquired the coke plant in 1964, and Mead sold the coke plant site to
third parties in 1974. Although the extent of contamination and the
possible methods of remediation are not known at this time, based on
information currently available to Mead, after considering established
reserves, rights to contribution and potential insurance coverage, Mead
does not believe that this proceeding will have a material adverse effect
on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.
In June 1996, USEPA announced plans to undertake an interim removal
action involving the excavation and treatment/disposal of bulk tar deposits
located in or near the Chattanooga Creek and certain waste piles located
near the Coke Plant Site. Costs of the proposed removal action were
estimated by USEPA at the time to be approximately $5.1 million. In July
1996, several PRPs, including Mead and the U.S. Department of Defense,
received special notice letters from USEPA advising them of their potential
liability for the removal action. In December 1996, USEPA issued Unilateral
Administrative Orders under Section 106 of CERCLA to Mead and two other
private parties. In January 1997, Mead indicated its intent to not comply
with the 106 Order. Preliminary analyses by USEPA have indicated that
dumping in Chattanooga Creek occurred when the coke plant was doubled in
size to meet World War II government requirements. A party who, without
sufficient cause, refuses to comply with an order issued under Section 106
of CERCLA may be
9
subject to fines of up to $27,500 per day and punitive damages in an amount
up to three times the costs incurred by the USEPA as a result of the
failure to comply with such order. Mead believes, based on its review of
the facts and the law applicable to the matter, including the absence of
findings by the USEPA, that it had sufficient cause for its decision not to
comply with the 106 Order. However, if the USEPA decides to bring an
enforcement action against Mead as a result of its failure to comply with
the 106 Order, there can be no assurance as to the outcome of such action.
In the summer of 1997, USEPA hired contractors and commenced implementation
of the interim removal action. More contamination than expected was
discovered and excavated. Costs of the removal action have been revised by
USEPA to be approximately $10 million. USEPA expects the removal action to
continue through at least the 2nd quarter of 1998.
Mead filed a Complaint in the Circuit Court for Jefferson County,
Alabama (Case No. CV9705117) against a number of insurance companies who
had provided insurance to the Woodward Iron Company and/or Mead facilities
operated under the former Industrial Products division. The Complaint
seeks a declaratory judgment and damages for the insurers' failure to
provide a defense and coverage for claims in Beazer East Inc., the Coke
Plant Site and Chattanooga Creek proceedings.
Additional information is included in Part I, Item 1, "Business--
Environmental Laws and Regulations," and Note P on page 48.
Mead is involved in various other litigation and administrative
proceedings arising in the normal course of business, which, in the opinion
of management, after considering established reserves, will not have a
material adverse effect on the financial condition, liquidity or results of
operations of Mead.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Not applicable.
10
Executive Officers of the Company
The Executive Officers of Mead as of February 1, 1998, their ages, their
positions and offices with Mead, and the principal occupation (unless otherwise
stated, position is with Mead) of such Executive Officers during the past five
years are as follows:
Name Age Position and Offices
---- --- --------------------
William R. Graber 54 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
since December 1993; prior to that Vice
President and Treasurer since April 1993; prior
to that Treasurer since September 1992.
Elias M. Karter 57 Executive Vice President since April, 1996;
prior to that Vice President, Operating Officer
since July 1994; prior to that Vice President,
Manufacturing & Technology.
Raymond W. Lane 49 Executive Vice President since April, 1996;
prior to that Vice President, Operating Officer
since July 1994; prior to that President of
Mead School and Office Products Division.
Cynthia A. Niekamp 38 Vice President, Strategy and Planning since
1995; prior to that Managing Director, TRW
Transportation System since 1993.
Wallace O. Nugent 59 Vice President, Purchasing and Logistics.
Thomas E. Palmer 58 Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
since November 1996; prior to that Vice
President and General Counsel since September
1991.
A. Robert Rosenberger 53 Vice President, Human Resources since June
1997; prior to that Vice President of Human
Resources of Mead Packaging Division from
August 1994; prior to that Vice President of
Human Resources of Mead Containerboard Division
from February 1991.
Jerome F. Tatar 51 Director; Chairman of the Board, Chief
Executive Officer and President since November
1997; prior to that President and Chief
Operating Officer since April 1996; prior to
that Vice President, Operating Officer since
July 1994; prior to that President of Mead Fine
Paper Division.
All Executive Officers of Mead are elected annually by the Board of Directors.
11
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder
Matters
Mead's Common Shares are listed on the New York, Chicago and Pacific Stock
Exchanges, trading under the symbol "MEA." Information on market prices and
dividends is set forth below:
MARKET PRICES PER COMMON SHARE/(1)/
- ------------------------------
1997 1996
---- ----
High Low High Low
---- --- ---- ---
First quarter $30.875 $27.187 $28.812 $24.500
Second quarter 33.812 24.875 28.812 25.437
Third quarter 37.687 30.875 30.687 24.250
Fourth quarter 37.468 27.187 29.687 27.250
DIVIDENDS PAID PER COMMON SHARE/(1)/
- -------------------------------
1997 1996
---- ----
First quarter $.15 $.14
Second quarter .15 .15
Third quarter .15 .15
Fourth quarter .16 .15
---- ----
Year $.61 $.59
==== ==== ====
The number of Common shareowners of record as of February 24, 1998, was
37,122. See Note H on page 39 for information regarding the amount of retained
earnings available for dividends.
(1) Market prices and dividends reported have been adjusted to give
retroactive effect resulting from a two-for-one stock split
distributed December 1, 1997.
12
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Five-Year Data on Operations, Liquidity, Financial Condition and Capital
Resources
(All dollar amounts in millions, except per share amounts)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operations:
Net sales $5,077.4 $4,706.5 $5,179.4 $4,557.5 $4,239.0
Earnings from continuing operations 150.1 189.9 342.5 89.6 95.7
Earnings per common share from
continuing operations-assuming dilution 1.41 1.79 3.10 0.76 0.80
Liquidity:
Working capital 502.8 431.6 545.5 806.5 380.3
Current ratio 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6
Assets:
Property, plant and equipment-net 3,309.8 3,120.4 2,364.1 2,313.9 2,239.6
Total assets 5,229.7 4,985.9 4,372.8 4,862.6 4,073.3
Capital:
Borrowed capital-long-term debt 1,428.0 1,239.7 694.8 957.7 1,360.0
Equity capital 2,288.5 2,246.4 2,160.2 2,182.6 1,578.0
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total capital $3,716.5 $3,486.1 $2,855.0 $3,140.3 $2,938.0
Borrowed capital as a
percent of total capital 38.4% 35.6% 24.3% 30.5% 46.3%
Cash dividends per common share $0.61 $0.59 $0.55 $0.50 $0.50
13
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS
--------------------
OVERVIEW OF 1997
Sales volume increased in 1997 for many of Mead's major products. Earnings
were lower on weaker pricing, especially for corrugating medium, and on
poor operating results in the distribution business. Improvements in
productivity at many of Mead's operations partially offset the negative
impact on earnings of lower prices.
Sales revenue of $5.077 billion increased from $4.707 billion in 1996
as a result of the inclusion of a full year of sales at the Rumford coated
and specialty paper mill acquired in late 1996 and the growth in sales
volume in corrugating medium from the expanded Stevenson mill. Net
earnings of $150.1 million were 23% below 1996.
Within Mead's paper operations, sales volume of coated papers
increased with higher production and shipments at the Publishing Paper
division mills in Escanaba, Michigan, and Rumford, Maine. The Rumford mill
ran at full production levels under the first full year of Mead's
ownership, a significant increase over the mill's operating rates in 1996.
Demand for coated papers was strong for much of the year, though pricing
did not improve until late in the year. Sales for some specialty papers
increased, while sales of carbonless copy papers were slightly lower.
In packaging and paperboard operations, weaker prices for corrugating
medium in the Containerboard division led to a decline in operating
results, despite much higher volumes. At the Coated Board division,
earnings were slightly lower than the prior year as higher shipments of
coated paperboard and strong operations were offset by weaker pricing.
Sales and earnings at Mead Packaging continued to grow worldwide as a
result of stronger markets and improved operating performance.
Operating results for Mead's distribution business, Zellerbach,
declined as sales volume dropped early in the year before recovering
somewhat in the second half, and selling costs increased as the division
moved to strengthen its sales organization. For the School and Office
Products division, earnings were even with the prior year as sales volume
increases were offset by somewhat lower selling prices.
Earnings Per Share Analysis
---------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995
---------------------------------------------------------------
Continuing operation $1.41 $1.79 $3.10
Discontinued operations .05 .07
---------------------------------------------------------------
Net earnings - assuming dilution $1.41 $1.84 $3.17
---------------------------------------------------------------
In 1997, the company approved a 2-for-1 stock split distributed December 1.
In 1996, the company realized a gain of $5.4 million ($.05 per share)
resulting from the sale of the previously discontinued imaging business.
The company also completed the sale of its previously discontinued
reinsurance business with no impact on earnings.
14
In 1995, the company realized a gain of $7.5 million ($.07 per share)
resulting from adjustments related to the sale of its Electronic Publishing
segment in 1994.
PAPER
-------------------------------------------------------------
Segment Summary (in millions) 1997 1996 1995
-------------------------------------------------------------
Sales $1,576.1 $1,251.3 $1,243.3
Earnings before
income taxes 194.5 193.8 330.8
-------------------------------------------------------------
Sales in Mead's paper segment increased 26% over 1996, primarily as a
result of a full year of sales volume from the Rumford, Maine, coated and
specialty paper mill acquired in November 1996. Excluding the sales of the
Rumford mill, 1997 sales for the Paper segment were slightly below last
year. Sales volume increased in 1997 in coated and uncoated papers, but
prices continued to decline from 1995 and 1996 levels in most grades.
Excluding the earnings of the Rumford Mill, 1997 earnings for the segment
were below 1996.
Demand for coated and uncoated paper had weakened in mid-1995 as
customers worked down inventories built during the previous year. By late
1996, customer order rates improved and continued to strengthen throughout
1997. However, prices for coated and uncoated papers did not strengthen
until after mid-year 1997. Average prices for coated, uncoated and
carbonless papers were lower in 1997 than the previous two years. For
example, average selling prices for coated publishing grades were down
about 5% from 1996 and more than 20% from 1995. By the third quarter of
1997, prices for coated groundwood publishing grades showed some
improvement, and additional price increases were announced for the first
quarter of 1998.
Mead's mills operated well in 1997 and continued to improve
productivity by managing costs, increasing output and enhancing product
mix. Production increased in coated, uncoated and specialty papers over
1996 and 1995. Mill inventories decreased significantly from prior year
levels as a result of generally strong shipments.
In 1996, sales revenue increased slightly over 1995 on higher sales
volume. However, earnings declined sharply from 1995 as a result of much
lower selling prices for coated and uncoated papers.
Mead Publishing Paper
- ---------------------
The Publishing Paper division produces coated papers for book and magazine
publishers and for catalog and commercial printers at its mills in
Escanaba, Michigan, and Rumford, Maine. It also produces specialty papers
and some uncoated papers at its Rumford mill.
Division sales revenue increased significantly in 1997 with the
addition of the Rumford mill. Sales volume was strong throughout the year
at both mills; 8% ahead of prior year at Escanaba; and, significantly
stronger at Rumford during the first year of Mead's ownership compared to
the prior year. Despite much higher volumes, division earnings were about
even with 1996 as a result of lower selling prices for coated papers.
Excluding the operations of the acquired mill, earnings were lower than in
1996 and 1995.
15
Both mills operated well and made improvements in productivity during
the year. Production at both mills was at record levels. With increased
sales volume during 1997, inventories declined at both mills. With the
addition of the Rumford mill, the division broadened its product line to
include a full range of coated papers and increased its sales of specialty
papers. The division improved purchasing effectiveness at Rumford and
enhanced manufacturing efficiencies at both mills.
In 1996, the division's sales revenue decreased from 1995, despite
higher sales volume. Earnings declined sharply from 1995 as a result of
general market weakness and much lower selling prices for coated papers.
In the second half of 1996, customer order rates improved, though selling
prices continued to decline. Mill inventories, which had risen to a high
level in 1995, declined by year end.
Mead Fine Paper
- ---------------
Mead Fine Paper produces coated papers for commercial printing, uncoated
papers for business and specialty uses, and is a leading producer of
carbonless copy papers.
Division sales revenue in 1997 declined slightly from 1996 but remained
ahead of 1995. Earnings were below 1996 and 1995. Sales volume of
carbonless papers in 1997 declined slightly, consistent with the decline in
market demand for multi-part business forms. Operating efficiencies and
reduced costs at the division's Chillicothe, Ohio, mill partially offset
the effect on earnings of lower selling prices and lower sales volume.
Mill inventories of coated and uncoated papers declined during the year as
a result of generally strong market demand, while inventories of carbonless
papers increased.
In 1996, division sales increased over 1995 as a result of increased
sales volume of coated, uncoated and carbonless papers. Earnings were
below 1995 as weaker overall market demand continued through most of 1996,
leading to lower selling prices for coated and uncoated papers. Coated
paper shipments in 1996 were significantly ahead of 1995 following the
introduction of an enhanced grade line and completion of an upgrade of the
mill's coated papermaking capacity.
Gilbert Paper
- -------------
The Gilbert Paper division produces high-quality communications papers,
including cotton-content bond papers, specialty text and cover papers and
papers for ink-jet and laser printers.
In 1997, the division's sales and earnings decreased from 1996 and 1995
levels as a result of lower sales volume and slightly lower selling prices.
Sales volume increased through merchant distribution channels and in the
export market, but were offset by decreases in retail sales volume.
Selling prices, which declined in 1996 as a result of competitive market
forces, declined further in 1997. During the year, the division started up
a new converting and distribution center and related finishing equipment.
In 1996, sales increased over 1995 on higher sales volume, despite
lower average selling prices. Earnings were up slightly over 1995 as a
result of higher sales volume and lower costs for purchased wood pulp.
Mead Specialty Paper
- --------------------
Mead Specialty Paper manufactures a variety of decorative papers for
laminates used in furniture, flooring, countertops and cabinets, and
specialty grades used in various industrial and automotive applications.
16
The division's sales and earnings increased in 1997 over 1996 and 1995. The
increase was driven by higher sales volume and a stronger sales mix. Improved
manufacturing yields and stronger markets led to higher overall production
volume. Demand strengthened in 1996 and remained strong in 1997 as automotive,
housing construction and remodeling activity remained robust. Product growth
continued in overlay papers used in flooring applications in Europe and the
United States.
In 1996, sales and earnings improved over 1995 as a result of new product
introductions, stronger sales mix and productivity improvements. Overall
production and sales volumes increased slightly over 1995.
PACKAGING AND PAPERBOARD
-------------------------------------------------------------
Segment Summary (in millions) 1997 1996 1995
-------------------------------------------------------------
Sales $1,431.8 $1,371.4 $1,428.8
Earnings before
income taxes 129.6 138.6 184.9
-------------------------------------------------------------
Sales for the Packaging and Paperboard segment increased 4% in 1997 on higher
sales volume of coated paperboard, corrugating medium and beverage packaging.
Despite the higher volume, earnings were 6% lower in 1997 primarily as a result
of much lower prices for medium and slightly lower prices for coated paperboard.
Average selling prices for medium declined nearly 50% from 1995 to mid-1997
as a result of new supply in the market. Prices strengthened in the second half
of 1997 as mill inventories declined and market demand strengthened. By year-end
1997, prices regained about 40% of what they had lost since 1995. In the market
for folding cartons, where coated paperboard is used for some packaging
applications, demand strengthened in 1997 from the weak levels in 1996. However,
average selling prices for coated paperboard were slightly lower as a result of
the competitive price pressures from other paperboard grades and additional
supply in coated paperboard markets.
In 1996, sales for the segment decreased despite higher sales volume.
Earnings were lower primarily as a result of a decline in selling prices for
corrugating medium.
Mead Coated Board
- -----------------
Mead Coated Board manufactures coated unbleached kraft paperboard for use in
multiple beverage packaging and folding cartons. Customers include folding
carton manufacturers in North America and Europe, and Mead Packaging's worldwide
beverage packaging business.
Sales for the division increased over 1996 and 1995 on higher sales volume.
Earnings were slightly lower than in 1996 as increased paperboard shipments,
improved mill productivity and higher prices at the division's sawmill
operations were offset by lower selling prices for coated paperboard and the
negative impact of the strong U.S. dollar on sales in Europe. Coated paperboard
shipments increased to Mead Packaging for multiple beverage packaging
applications. Growth also continued in sales to folding carton converters in
Europe and Latin America.
During the year, the division successfully completed the rebuild of the #1
paperboard machine at the Mahrt mill in Alabama. The rebuild included extensive
quality improvements and increased machine capacity by 35,000 tons
17
annually. Overall mill production for the year was lower as a result of the
four-week machine shutdown and rebuild in June. Inventories, which had been
increased in 1996 in anticipation of the rebuild, were reduced in 1997 as a
result of very strong shipments.
In 1996, division sales increased over 1995. Earnings improved slightly
from the prior year as lower paperboard sales volume in a weak market was offset
by cost reductions, production efficiencies and improved results at the
division's sawmill operations.
Mead Packaging
- --------------
Mead Packaging is a leading worldwide supplier of multiple beverage packaging
and packaging systems. It also provides multiple packaging for food and other
products. Customers include large and small brewers, soft drink bottlers, and
food and other consumer products companies.
Division earnings were much improved over 1996 and 1995. The increase in
earnings was driven by an increase in sales volume of cartons and improved
operating performance from converting operations. Earnings improved in North
America as well as in the division's international operations in Europe and
Latin America, despite a stronger U.S. dollar throughout 1997. During the year,
the division continued to streamline converting operations, closing a facility
in Godfrey, Illinois. New printing equipment was installed at its converting
facilities in Lanett, Alabama, and Trento, Italy. In 1997, Mead Packaging
continued its worldwide placement of modular packaging systems.
In 1996, division earnings improved over 1995 on increased sales volume,
higher selling prices in some markets and cost reductions and productivity
improvements from increased efficiencies in its converting operations.
Mead Containerboard
- -------------------
Mead Containerboard produces corrugating medium used in shipping containers and
operates eight corrugated container plants.
Sales volume of corrugating medium increased by 40% in 1997 over 1996 with
a full year of production from the new paperboard machine at the Stevenson,
Alabama, mill. Despite much higher volume, sales revenue increased only slightly
over 1996, and operating results were significantly lower, as a result of much
lower selling prices for medium. Sales volume of containers improved about 4%
over 1996. Prices of containers improved somewhat in the second half of the
year, but remained below the average of the prior year.
During the year, construction continued at the Stevenson mill to expand the
capacity of the new #2 paperboard machine and to upgrade the environmental
systems at the mill. The $224 million project is proceeding ahead of schedule
and is expected to be completed by mid-1998. It is expected to increase the
annual capacity of the new machine from 225,000 tons to 400,000 tons and further
improve the mill's cost position. The #2 paper machine is designed to produce
lightweight and ultra-lightweight medium for an emerging and growing segment.
Mead's sales in that segment continued to grow in 1997. Division operating
results are expected to improve in 1998, as a result of higher production and
sales volume and improved pricing over 1997.
In 1996, operating results declined significantly from 1995 as market
weakness led to much lower selling prices for corrugating medium and a decline
in prices and sales volume of shipping containers. Despite a slow recovery in
demand for containerboard in the second half of 1996, selling prices for medium
remained at depressed levels throughout 1996.
18
DISTRIBUTION AND SCHOOL AND OFFICE PRODUCTS
-------------------------------------------------------------
Segment Summary (in millions) 1997 1996 1995
-------------------------------------------------------------
Sales $2,069.5 $2,083.8 $2,507.3
Earnings before
income taxes 38.7 69.3 77.3
-------------------------------------------------------------
Sales revenue in the Distribution and School and Office Products segment
decreased slightly from 1996 on lower volume and prices in Mead's distribution
business, Zellerbach. Earnings decreased 44% for the segment on lower results at
Zellerbach. In 1996, sales and earnings decreased from 1995 as a result of lower
sales in distribution.
Zellerbach
- ----------
Zellerbach is a sales and marketing organization distributing products and
services for business through its three units: printing, packaging and
industrial/commercial supplies.
Sales revenue decreased slightly from 1996 and 20% from 1995. Operating
results were significantly lower as a result of lower selling prices for many of
its paper grades and higher selling costs. Margin rates were also lower than in
1996 as a result of the very competitive marketplace. Sales volume declined in
the first half of 1997. In response, the division began a concerted effort to
strengthen its sales force in order to replace lost volume. By the third
quarter, sales volume showed some improvement and sales for the third and fourth
quarters were ahead of the same periods in 1996. Selling costs increased during
the year due to hiring, training and equipping new members of the sales force.
Inventories were increased in 1997 to improve customer service levels. Sales are
expected to continue to improve in 1998 as a result of the investment in
strengthening the sales organization.
Specific initiatives in working capital productivity, cost management and
logistics management are also expected to lead to improved results in 1998.
In 1996, sales revenue declined from 1995 as a result of declines in prices
in all three business units, particularly printing paper. Operating results
declined from 1995 as a result of lower prices and volume. During 1996, the
division continued to improve its processes in an effort to increase efficiency
and the organization's effectiveness in serving customers.
Mead School and Office Products
- -------------------------------
Mead's School and Office Products division is a leading converter and
distributor of school supplies. It also provides stationery products for home
and office use and is the industry leader in fashion and product design.
Sales revenue increased over 1996 on an increase in unit volume. Earnings
were about even with the level of 1996 and slightly lower than the record level
of 1995 as a result of lower selling prices for paper-based products and
slightly lower margin rates. Sales volume growth continued in Mead's
fashion-oriented, value-added product lines such as its licensed sports,
cartoon and specialty brands. Sales growth also continued in the Canadian
market into which Mead expanded in 1995. During the year, the division
introduced a new line of computer accessories including paper-based
products for computer users, laptop computer cases and multimedia storage
19
devices. Other new products included a new line of backpacks in the Mead
Five-Star (R) line.
In 1996, sales volume increased over 1995 but sales revenue and earnings
declined slightly from the record levels of 1995 on lower selling prices for
paper-based products.
INVESTEES
- ---------
Mead's primary investees are Northwood Forest Industries Limited, a large
producer of northern bleached softwood kraft (NBSK) pulp and solid wood products
in British Columbia, Canada, and Northwood Panelboard Company, an oriented
structural board (OSB) mill in Bemidji, Minnesota. Both are 50%-owned by Mead
and Noranda Forest Inc. of Canada. Pulp from Northwood is sold throughout the
world by Mead Pulp Sales. Sales of wood products, including lumber, plywood and
OSB, are managed by Noranda Forest Sales Inc. Additionally, as part of the
purchase of the Rumford, Maine, paper mill, Mead acquired a 30% ownership
interest in a limited partnership which operates the power cogeneration facility
located at the mill.
Northwood sales in 1997 were down from 1996 as increased shipments of pulp
and OSB were mostly offset by weaker prices for OSB and lower sales volume of
lumber. Pulp shipments were up in 1997 due to improved demand in the first half
of the year. Production also increased based upon record productivity and more
operating days than in 1996 when the mill took three weeks of downtime to reduce
inventories. OSB shipments were up and production increased as a result of
improved productivity in the dryer operation. Prices for OSB, however, fell
sharply in the last two years as a result of significant new supply from the
start up of numerous new mills in the U.S. and Canada. OSB prices declined in
1996 and declined further in 1997. Lumber sales volume declined in 1997.
Mead's share of earnings from all investees in 1997 was $8.9 million, an
increase from earnings of $4.3 million in 1996. Half of this increase was due to
the ownership of the Rumford cogeneration plant for the entire year of 1997 as
compared to two months in 1996. The remaining increase resulted from improved
pulp demand and record production, mostly offset by higher lumber costs and
lower OSB prices.
During 1997, worldwide demand for chemical paper grade market pulp increased
from the prior year with most of the growth occurring during the first half of
the year. As a result of growing demand, producer inventories dropped from high
levels, and by mid-year prices strengthened slightly. However, in the fourth
quarter of the year, market demand in Asia slowed and prices declined. The
domestic list price for NBSK pulp which had peaked near $1,000 per ton in late
1995 fell to $520 in the first quarter of 1996 and improved to $610 in 1997.
Full year average prices were basically unchanged from the prior year.
In the lumber market, strong housing starts and demand for remodeling and
repair led to higher lumber prices during the first half of 1997. However, in
the second half of the year, weaker overseas markets led to sharply lower lumber
prices by year end. For the year, average lumber prices were unchanged from
1996. Panelboard markets experienced three years of record demand, but pricing
weakened as a result of capacity expansions. OSB prices were extremely weak for
the first half of 1997 before recovering slightly before year end. Plywood
prices gradually weakened throughout the year.
20
SELLING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
- -----------------------------------
From 1996 to 1997, selling and administrative expenses rose by 4.5% compared
with a 2.2% increase from 1995 to 1996. As a percentage of sales, these expenses
were 11.6% in 1997, compared with 12.0% in 1996 and 10.7% in 1995. The majority
of the dollar increase in 1997 was attributable to costs incurred at Zellerbach
to strengthen its sales organization and to a full year of operations at the
Rumford, Maine, paper mill which was acquired late in 1996. The 1996 increase
over 1995 was the result of general inflationary pressures throughout the
company.
INTEREST AND DEBT EXPENSE
- -------------------------
Due to significantly higher average debt levels in 1997 than in each of 1996 and
1995, Mead's interest and debt expense increased to $98 million from $58 million
and $69 million in 1996 and 1995, respectively. The primary reasons for the
lower expense level in 1996 versus 1995 were lower average interest rates and
higher amounts of interest capitalized.
FINANCIAL REVIEW
----------------
Mead's cash flows from operating activities in 1997 were $404.9 million,
$425.5 million in 1996 and $186.9 million in 1995. Cash flows for 1995 include
the effect of tax payments of approximately $300 million in 1995 related to the
1994 sale of the company's Electronic Publishing segment.
During 1997, Mead continued its stock repurchase program, acquiring
2.1 million shares on a post-split basis for $70 million. Share repurchases in
1996 were 2.2 million shares for $60 million, and 13.4 million shares for $355
million in 1995.
Capital spending of $441 million in 1997 exceeded the $433 million and
$263 million of 1996 and 1995, respectively. During all three years the largest
projects were related to the Stevenson, Alabama, paperboard mill.
Mead's total long-term debt (including current maturities) at year-end 1997
stands at $1.430 billion, up from $1.255 billion in 1996 and $768 million in
1995. Mead's 1997 levels of capital spending and stock repurchases were the
primary drivers of the $175 million increase in borrowings. The 1996 increase
resulted from the purchase of the Rumford, Maine, paper mill late in the year.
In 1995 Mead retired $130 million of 9% debentures and $84 million of other
debt. Mead's total debt as a percentage of total capital was 38.5% at the end of
1997 compared with 35.8% at the end of 1996 and 26.2% at the end of 1995. The
percentage may change as Mead continues its announced stock repurchase program
and, as warranted, by borrowings to fund strategic opportunities.
Additional financing capability is afforded by a $460 million bank credit
agreement which extends until October 2002 and by a shelf registration statement
on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission under which the company
could offer up to $300 million of additional debt securities. Up to $154 million
of medium-term notes are authorized to be issued under that shelf registration
statement.
At the end of 1997, Mead paid a fixed or capped rate of interest on 76% of
its debt and paid a floating rate of interest on the remainder. A change of 1%
in the floating rate, on an annual basis, would result in a $.03 change in
earnings per share. The estimated market value of long-term debt, excluding
capitalized leases, was $69 million higher than the book value at the end of
1997.
21
Working capital at the end of 1997 was $503 million versus $432 million and
$546 million at the end of 1996 and 1995, respectively. The 1997 increase over
1996 was primarily attributable to increases in accounts receivables and
inventories and reductions in accounts payable. The 1996 reduction from 1995 was
attributable to a $214 million reduction in cash and current maturities used in
the stock repurchase program and the Rumford acquisition offset by working
capital resulting from the Rumford acquisition. Mead's current ratios at the end
of 1997, 1996 and 1995 were 1.7, 1.6 and 1.7, respectively.
Mead's inventory levels rose slightly to $525 million in 1997 up from $509
million in 1996 and $411 million in 1995. The growth in 1996 was primarily the
result of the Rumford acquisition. The replacement values of inventories
exceeded their LIFO value by $213 million at the end of 1997. Adjusted for LIFO,
Mead's current ratio would be 1.8 at year end.
CAPITAL SPENDING
Mead's capital spending in 1997 amounted to $441 million, up from $433 million
in 1996 and $263 million in 1995. The major project in 1997 was the beginning of
a $224 million second phase of construction at the Stevenson, Alabama,
corrugating medium mill to expand the capacity of the newly completed paperboard
machine and to upgrade environmental systems. This second phase will add virgin
pulp-making capabilities, a wood fuel boiler and additional dryers to the
machine. This expansion will increase the annual capacity of the mill to 815,000
tons, up from 640,000 tons, and will also replace the mill's chemical recovery
system. Completion of this phase is expected in mid-1998. Also in 1997, a
rebuild was completed of the #1 paperboard machine at the Mahrt coated
paperboard mill in Alabama. The #2 paperboard machine was rebuilt in 1996.
Mead expects capital spending in 1998 to be in the range of $400-450
million, including approximately $60 million for timber and timberland. Mead
expects to fund this spending from 1998 operations, although some external
borrowing may be needed.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEEDINGS
Mead has been notified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
("USEPA") or by various state or local governments that it may be liable under
federal environmental laws or under applicable state or local laws with respect
to the cleanup of hazardous substances at six sites currently operated or used
by Mead. Mead is also currently named a potentially responsible party ("PRP"),
or has received third party requests for contributions under federal, state or
local laws with respect to at least 19 sites sold by Mead over many years or
owned by contractors used by Mead for disposal purposes. There are other former
Mead facilities and those of contractors which may contain contamination or
which may have contributed to potential Superfund sites but for which Mead has
not received any notice or claim. Mead's potential liability for all these sites
will depend upon several factors, including the extent of contamination, the
method of remediation, insurance coverage and contribution by other PRPs.
Although the costs that Mead may be required to pay for remediation of all these
owned and unowned sites are not certain at this time, Mead has reserves of $38
million relating to current environmental litigation and proceedings which it
believes are probable and reasonably estimable.
Mead believes that it is reasonably possible that costs associated with
these sites may exceed current reserves by an amount that could range from an
insignificant amount to as much as $45 million. The estimate of this range is
less certain than the estimates upon which reserves are based.
22
In November 1997, USEPA announced new regulations under the Clean Air Act
and Clean Water Act (the "Cluster Rules") designed to reduce air and water
discharges of specific substances from U.S. paper and pulp mills. Mead has
included in its capital spending plans amounts necessary to comply with the new
regulations. In 1995, USEPA issued final regulations implementing the Federal
Great Lakes Critical Programs Act (the "GLI") and requiring the Great Lakes
states to develop regulatory programs for the protection and enhancement of the
water quality of the Great Lakes. Various Great Lakes states in 1997, including
Michigan and Ohio, adopted state regulations consistent with the federal GLI
regulations. Mead does not believe that any significant additional capital
expenditures beyond expenditures previously stated will be necessary in the next
five years at Mead's Escanaba facility to comply with the requirements of the
Michigan GLI regulations as finally adopted. The state of Ohio has determined at
this time that it will not apply GLI regulations to facilities discharging into
the Ohio River Basin. Mead's Chillicothe, Ohio facility discharges into the Ohio
River Basin.
EFFECTS OF INFLATION
Inflation remains at a low rate and is not expected to have a significant
effect in the near term.
YEAR 2000
The Year 2000 problem concerns the inability of computerized information systems
to properly recognize and process date-sensitive information as the year 2000
approaches. The company has completed an assessment of its hardware, software
and process control equipment requirements relative to this issue. Mead has also
implemented a continuing program to identify areas affected by this issue not
included in the initial assessment such as relationships with customers and
suppliers. In early 1997, Mead commenced a specific workplan to modify or
replace affected systems and equipment and expects to continue the workplan
through 1998 and into mid-1999. Testing the success of workplan efforts is
expected to occur throughout 1998 and 1999. Much of the issue will be addressed
as part of Mead's ongoing process of upgrading its systems. Mead expects that
Year 2000 costs will not have a material adverse impact on results of
operations, liquidity or capital resources.
DERIVATIVE DISCLOSURE
Mead is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, foreign currency
exchange rates, and commodity prices. To manage these market risk exposures, the
company enters into various hedging transactions governed by corporate policies
and procedures that are approved and regularly reviewed by the finance committee
of the board of directors. Mead does not use financial instruments for trading
purposes.
INTEREST RATES
Mead's objective is to reduce its interest expense through a blend of fixed and
floating interest rate instruments. The company primarily funds itself with
long-term debt having final maturities ranging from five to 50 years, a portion
of which has variable interest rates, and variable interest rate commercial
paper. The company uses interest rate swaps and caps in managing its mix of
fixed and floating rate debt.
Mead assesses its interest rate market risk by estimating the potential
increase in its debt portfolio's fair market value resulting from a hypothetical
parallel downward shift of the yield curve. Using the portfolio valuation models
available from Bloomberg/TM/, which use theoretical values as well as market
prices for instruments with similar characteristics, including
23
the theoretical value of any embedded options (e.g. puts or calls), a
hypothetical 100 basis point parallel downward shift of the yield curve would
increase the fair market value of Mead's debt portfolio by approximately
$99 million.
In 1997, Mead issued $550 million of long-term, fixed-rate debt. In order to
fix interest rates until the time of debt issuance, this debt was hedged with
forward-starting, pay-fixed swaps which were terminated at the time of debt
issuance. During 1998, several financial instruments will mature and the company
will consider alternatives that are consistent with business conditions, the
interest rate environment and its interest rate exposure management policy.
FOREIGN CURRENCY
Mead has foreign-based operations, primarily in Western Europe, which accounted
for approximately 10% of its 1997 net sales, and has a 50% interest in a
Canadian-based investee. In addition, certain of Mead's domestic operations make
sales to foreign customers. In the conduct of its foreign operations, Mead also
makes intercompany sales, and receives royalties and dividends denominated in
many different currencies. All of this exposes Mead to the effect of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates. Flows of foreign currencies into and out of
Mead's domestic operations are generally stable and regularly occurring, and are
recorded at fair market value in Mead's financial statements. Mead also issues
intercompany loans to its foreign subsidiaries in their local currencies,
exposing it to the effect of changes in spot exchange rates at loan issue and
loan repayment dates. Generally, Mead uses forward exchange contracts with terms
of less than one year to hedge these exposures. Based upon Mead's overall
foreign currency exchange rate exposure at December 31, 1997, including
derivative and other foreign currency sensitive instruments, a 10% adverse
change in currency rates would not materially affect Mead's financial position,
or annual results of operations or cash flows.
COMMODITIES
Mead is exposed to price changes in raw materials, components, and items
purchased for resale. The prices of some of these items can vary significantly
over time due to changes in the national and international markets in which the
company's many suppliers operate. Mead's selling prices often change in a
similar fashion, although often to a greater or lesser degree. The company does
not use a significant amount of financial instruments to manage its exposure to
commodity price changes.
OUTLOOK
Selling prices for many grades of paper and paperboard are affected by changes
in supply as well as by changes in market demand. Demand growth for paper and
paperboard generally tracks the rate of economic growth, while new supply often
comes onto the market in large increments with the startup of new production
capacity at paper and paperboard mills. The result can be temporary periods of
oversupply that can lead to price weakness as in 1997.
In the U.S., new capacity in paperboard grew at a faster rate in 1996 and
1997 than in previous years, 5.8% and 2.9% respectively, according to the
American Forest and Paper Association (AF&PA). The growth rate for new U.S.
paperboard capacity is expected to slow to 1.2% during the next three years,
compared to an average growth rate of 3% during the past 10 years. U.S. paper
capacity is expected to grow at a slow rate for the next three years, 1.3%,
compared to the average of 2.0% for the past 10 years, according to the AF&PA.
However, coated paper capacity in Europe has been growing faster than in the
U.S. Imports of coated paper increased in 1997 in the U.S. This increase in
24
imports was driven by increased European supply, strong U.S. markets and the
strong U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies. The impact on the U.S. market
of any additional European coated paper capacity scheduled for 1998 is
uncertain.
In the past several years, the growth rate in demand for carbonless paper
appears to have slowed, though Mead's shipment volume continued to increase
during that time. In 1997, overall market demand for carbonless paper declined
in the U.S., and Mead's shipments decreased slightly from the 1996 level. The
future rate of decline in market demand for this grade is uncertain.
Approximately 10% of Mead's overall sales are international, with most of
those sales in Mead's Packaging and Coated Board divisions, primarily in Europe
and Canada. Fluctuations in the currencies in Europe and Canada can affect the
operating results of these divisions, as they did in 1997, though the impact was
not material to Mead's overall results. There was minimal impact on Mead from
the weakening in Asian currencies that occurred in the second half of 1997. Any
direct or indirect impact on the paper and forest products industry or Mead
caused by a slowing in the growth rate of Asian economies is unknown.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Forward-looking statements throughout this report are based on current
expectations and subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, which could cause
actual results to differ materially from those expressed. These risks and
uncertainties include, but are not limited to: growth of supply in different
sectors of the paper and forest products industry, particularly in the U.S.,
Europe and Asia; demand for pulp in world markets; demand for paper and
paperboard in U.S. and European markets; market prices for these products;
fluctuations in foreign currency, primarily in Europe; capital spending levels
in the industry; general business and economic conditions in the U.S., Europe
and Asia; interest rates and their volatility; government actions; the
introduction of a new European currency (Euro); the ability to timely and cost-
effectively address Year 2000 issues; the stability of financial markets;
competitive factors; and opportunities that may be presented to and pursued by
the company not known at this time.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
See information in Item 7.
25
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Financial Statements
Page
----
Financial Statements:
Independent Auditors' Report.............................. 27
Statements of earnings.................................... 28
Balance sheets............................................ 29
Statements of shareowners' equity......................... 30
Statements of cash flows.................................. 31
Notes to financial statements............................. 32-50
Supplementary Data
Selected quarterly financial data........................... 51
26
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
Board of Directors
The Mead Corporation
Dayton, Ohio
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of The Mead Corporation and
consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the related
statements of earnings, shareowners' equity and cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 1997. Our audits also included the
financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 14(a)2. These financial
statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such financial statements present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of The Mead Corporation and consolidated
subsidiaries at December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the results of their operations
and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December
31, 1997, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in
our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to
the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material
respects the information set forth therein.
DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Dayton, Ohio
January 22, 1998
27
THE MEAD CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
- --------------------------------------------------
STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
- ----------------------
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
(All amounts in millions except per share amounts)
Net sales $5,077.4 $4,706.5 $5,179.4
Cost of products sold 4,177.3 3,803.9 4,104.0
-------- -------- --------
Gross profit 900.1 902.6 1,075.4
Selling and administrative expenses 589.3 564.0 552.0
-------- -------- --------
Earnings from operations 310.8 338.6 523.4
Other revenues - net (Note J) 9.9 13.7 33.7
Interest and debt expense (98.2) (57.7) (69.4)
-------- -------- --------
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes 222.5 294.6 487.7
Income taxes (Note K) 81.3 109.0 184.2
-------- -------- --------
Earnings from continuing operations before
equity in net earnings of investees 141.2 185.6 303.5
Equity in net earnings of investees (Note C) 8.9 4.3 39.0
-------- -------- --------
Earnings from continuing operations 150.1 189.9 342.5
Discontinued operations (Note L) 5.4 7.5
-------- --------
Net earnings $ 150.1 $ 195.3 $ 350.0
======== ======== ========
Earnings per common share (Note A):
Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.44 $ 1.81 $ 3.15
Discontinued operations .05 .07
-------- -------- --------
Net earnings $ 1.44 $ 1.86 $ 3.22
======== ======== ========
Weighted-average number of common shares
outstanding 104.5 104.8 108.8
======== ======== ========
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution (Note A):
Earnings from continuing operations $ 1.41 $ 1.79 $ 3.10
Discontinued operations .05 .07
-------- -------- --------
Net earnings $ 1.41 $ 1.84 $ 3.17
======== ======== ========
Weighted-average number of common shares
outstanding - assuming dilution 106.4 106.3 110.6
======== ======== ========
See notes to financial statements.
28
THE MEAD CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
- --------------------------------------------------
BALANCE SHEETS
- --------------
ASSETS
- ------
December 31 1997 1996
(All amounts in millions)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 29.5 $ 20.6
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful
accounts of $24.9 in 1997 and $28.0 in 1996 586.1 578.2
Inventories (Note B) 524.5 509.3
Deferred tax asset (Note K) 34.2 36.6
Other current assets 43.3 44.6
-----------------------
Total current assets 1,217.6 1,189.3
Investments and other assets (Notes C and M) 702.3 676.2
Property, plant and equipment, net (Notes D and O) 3,309.8 3,120.4
-----------------------
Total assets $5,229.7 $4,985.9
=======================
LIABILITIES AND SHAREOWNERS' EQUITY
- -----------------------------------
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable (Note E) $ 330.4 $ 358.9
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (Notes E and P) 382.6 383.7
Current maturities of long-term debt 1.8 15.1
-----------------------
Total current liabilities 714.8 757.7
Long-term debt (Note F) 1,428.0 1,239.7
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes O and P)
Deferred items (Notes K and N) 798.4 742.1
Shareowners' equity (Notes H and I):
Common shares 154.9 155.5
Additional paid-in capital 53.5 13.2
Foreign currency translation adjustment (20.5) (2.4)
Retained earnings 2,100.6 2,080.1
-----------------------
2,288.5 2,246.4
-----------------------
Total liabilities and shareowners' equity $5,229.7 $4,985.9
=======================
See notes to financial statements.
29
THE MEAD CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
- --------------------------------------------------
STATEMENTS OF SHAREOWNERS' EQUITY
- ---------------------------------
(All dollar amounts in
millions, except per share
amounts; all share Foreign Net
amounts in thousands) Common Shares Currency Unrealized
------------- Additional Translation Gain on Retained
Shares Amount Paid-In Capital Adjustment Securities Earnings
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 1994 117,298 $174.9 $ $ (4.8) $ 3.7 $2,008.8
Net earnings 350.0
Shares issued 1,890 2.9 38.7
Shares purchased (13,394) (20.0) (38.7) (296.0)
Cash dividends -
$.55 a common
share (59.6)
Change in net
unrealized gain
on securities (3.7)
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment 4.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 1995 105,794 157.8 (.8) 2,003.2
Net earnings 195.3
Shares issued 672 .9 13.4
Shares purchased (2,194) (3.2) (.2) (56.5)
Cash dividends -
$.59 a common
share (61.9)
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment (1.6)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 1996 104,272 155.5 13.2 (2.4) 2,080.1
Net earnings 150.1
Shares issued 1,743 2.6 41.2
Shares purchased (2,130) (3.2) (.9) (65.8)
Cash dividends -
$.61 a common
share (63.8)
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment (18.1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 1997 103,885 $154.9 $53.5 $(20.5) $2,100.6
=============================================================================================
See notes to financial statements.
30
THE MEAD CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
- ---------------------------------------------------
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
- ------------------------
(All dollar amounts in millions)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
- ------------------------------------------------
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings $ 150.1 $ 195.3 $ 350.0
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net
cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and depletion of
property, plant and equipment 242.3 203.0 190.7
Depreciation and amortization of other asset 46.2 47.4 46.0
Deferred income taxes 37.2 54.2 89.1
Investees - earnings and dividends 1.3 7.1 (29.5)
Discontinued operations (5.4) (7.5)
Other (20.8) (16.2) (65.1)
Change in assets and liabilities, excluding
effects of acquisitions and dispositions:
Accounts receivable (7.9) 49.0 20.9
Inventories (15.2) (25.8) (52.7)
Other current assets 1.3 6.6 (23.4)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (29.6) (49.2) (325.8)
Cash (used in) discontinued operations (40.5) (5.8)
-------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by operating activities 404.9 425.5 186.9
-------------------------------------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures (440.7) (433.4) (263.0)
Additions to equipment rented to others (33.7) (40.6) (56.0)
Payment for acquired business (640.4)
Proceeds from sales of businesses 19.6 39.8
Restricted funds 461.0
Other (4.0) 19.2 20.1
-------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by (used in) (478.4) (1,075.6) 201.9
investing activities -------------------------------------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Additional borrowings 719.5 561.1 6.0
Payments on borrowings (547.2) (75.5) (213.5)
Cash dividends paid (63.8) (61.9) (59.6)
Common shares issued 43.8 14.3 41.6
Common shares purchased (69.9) (59.9) (354.7)
-------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by (used in) 82.4 378.1 (580.2)
financing activities -------------------------------------------
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 8.9 (272.0) (191.4)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 20.6 292.6 484.0
-------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 29.5 $ 20.6 $ 292.6
===========================================
See notes to financial statements.
31
THE MEAD CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
- ---------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- -----------------------------
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997, 1996 AND 1995
- --------------------------------------------
A - Significant Accounting Policies
CONSOLIDATION. The accompanying financial statements include the accounts of
the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Investments in investees are
stated at cost plus the Company's equity in their undistributed net earnings
since acquisition. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS. The Company considers all highly liquid investments
with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash
equivalents.
INVENTORIES. The inventories of finished and semi-finished products and raw
materials are stated primarily at the lower of cost or market, determined on the
last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis. Stores and supplies are stated at cost
determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis.
OTHER ASSETS. Included in other assets are goodwill and other intangibles which
are being amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful
lives of 10 to 40 years. The Company periodically reviews goodwill balances for
impairment based on the expected future cash flows of the related businesses
acquired.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE COSTS. The Company capitalizes costs of computer software
purchased from third-parties and used for internal purposes. These costs are
amortized over their estimated useful lives of three years.
DEPRECIATION AND DEPLETION. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and
amortization of capital leases and land improvements are calculated using the
straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the properties. The
rates used to determine timber depletion are based on projected quantities of
timber available for cutting and are calculated annually.
INTEREST RATE AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS. Amounts currently due
to or from interest rate swap counterparties are recorded in interest expense in
the period in which they accrue. The premiums paid to purchase interest rate
caps, as well as gains or losses on terminated interest rate swap and cap
agreements, are included in long-term liabilities or assets and amortized to
interest expense over the shorter of the original term of the agreements or the
life of the financial instruments to which they are matched. Gains or losses on
foreign currency forward contracts are recognized currently through income and
generally offset the transaction losses or gains on the foreign currency cash
flows which they are intended to hedge.
ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES. The Company records accruals for environmental costs
based on estimates developed in consultation with environmental consultants and
legal counsel in accordance with the requirements of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 5. The estimated costs to be incurred in closing
existing landfills, based on current environmental requirements and
technologies, are accrued over the expected useful lives of the landfills.
32
ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS. The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and the reported revenues and expenses during a period. Estimates
and assumptions are also used in the disclosures of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
NET EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE. Net earnings per common share are computed by
dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during each year. The difference between earnings per common share
and earnings per common share - assuming dilution is the result of outstanding
stock options. The Company effected a two-for-one stock split on December 1,
1997. Share and per share amounts for all periods presented have been restated
to reflect the stock split and the adoption of SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share.
STOCK OPTIONS. The Company measures compensation cost for stock options issued
to employees using the intrinsic value based method of accounting in accordance
with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25.
B - Inventories
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Finished and semi-finished products $342.5 $337.8
Raw materials 99.3 91.2
Stores and supplies 82.7 80.3
----------------
$524.5 $509.3
================
For purposes of comparison to non-LIFO companies, inventories valued at current
replacement cost would have been $213.0 million and $220.0 million higher than
reported at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
C - Investments and Other Assets
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Investment in investees $151.1 $154.9
Pension asset 237.2 222.5
Equipment rented to others, at cost (net
of accumulated depreciation of $257.0
in 1997 and $242.1 in 1996) 90.7 103.9
Goodwill and other intangibles (net of
accumulated amortization of $43.9 in 1997
and $40.6 in 1996) 71.2 73.8
Cash surrender value of life insurance, less
policy loans of $40.1 in 1997 and $35.0 in 1996 94.3 75.7
Other 57.8 45.4
----------------
$702.3 $676.2
================
The Company's principal investee is the 50%-owned Northwood Forest Industries
Ltd., which manufactures bleached softwood kraft pulp, lumber and plywood. Under
an agreement with Northwood, Mead is entitled to purchase the pulp it requires.
The Company also has a 30% ownership interest in a limited partnership which
operates the cogeneration facility located at the Rumford, Maine, paper mill.
33
Total investments in investees are as follows:
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Investments, at cost $ 48.9 $ 46.9
Foreign currency translation adjustment (15.3) (10.5)
Equity in undistributed net earnings 117.5 118.5
-------------------
Total investments in investees (equal
to Mead's share of investees' equity) $151.1 $154.9
===================
Summarized operating data for all investees is presented in the following table:
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Revenues:
Sales to Mead $ 18.0 $ 21.6 $ 45.8
Sales to other customers 704.1 647.2 730.2
--------------------------
$722.1 $668.8 $776.0
==========================
Gross profit $ 77.0 $ 49.5 $160.0
==========================
Net earnings $ 28.2 $ 14.0 $ 86.8
==========================
Mead's share of net earnings, after
elimination of intercompany
transactions and reduction for Mead's
income taxes on partnership earnings $ 8.9 $ 4.3 $ 39.0
==========================
Dividends and partnership
distributions received $ 11.9 $ 13.4 $ 13.8
==========================
Summarized balance sheet data for all investees is as follows:
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Current assets $ 271.1 $ 248.3
Noncurrent assets 767.5 801.6
Current liabilities (148.6) (127.2)
Long-term debt and deferred items (562.0) (589.6)
-----------------------
Equity $ 328.0 $ 333.1
=======================
34
D - Property, Plant and Equipment
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Property, plant and equipment, at cost
Land and land improvements $ 168.6 $ 154.0
Buildings 615.7 585.7
Machinery and equipment 4,156.6 3,929.7
Construction in progress 237.5 162.9
-------- --------
5,178.4 4,832.3
Less accumulated amortization and depreciation (2,231.1) (2,078.1)
-------- --------
2,947.3 2,754.2
Timber and timberlands, net of timber depletion 362.5 366.2
-------- --------
Property, plant and equipment, net $3,309.8 $3,120.4
======== ========
E - Current Liabilities
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Accounts payable:
Trade $ 227.0 $ 271.1
Affiliated companies 37.1 34.9
Outstanding checks 66.3 52.9
------------ --------
$ 330.4 $ 358.9
============ ========
Accrued expenses and other current
liabilities:
Accrued wages $ 100.8 $ 99.7
Taxes, other than income 39.9 46.0
Other current liabilities 241.9 238.0
------------ --------
$ 382.6 $ 383.7
============ ========
35
F - Long-Term Debt
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Capital lease obligations $ 187.2 $ 162.7
Variable-rate Industrial Development Revenue Bonds,
due from 2001 through 2023, average effective rate 3.6% 163.4 163.4
8-1/8% debentures, face amount of $150.0, due 2023
(effective rate 8.4%) 147.8 147.7
7-1/8% debentures, face amount of $150.0, due 2025
(effective rate 7.4%) 147.0 146.9
7.35% debentures, face amount of $150.0, due 2017
(effective rate 7.4%) 148.4
6.84% debentures, face amount of $150.0, due 2037
(effective rate 7.0%) 148.0
7.55% debentures, face amount of $150.0, due 2047
(effective rate 7.7%) 143.5
6.60% notes, face amount of $100.0, due 2002
(effective rate 6.9%) 98.7
Medium-term notes, 7.3% to 9.8%, face amount of
$78.5, due from 2000 through 2020 (effective rate 10.0%) 75.0 73.8
Short-term borrowings to be refinanced on a long-term basis
(effective rate 6.4% and 6.2% at 1997 and 1996) 155.3 530.3
Other 13.7 14.9
--------------------
$1,428.0 $1,239.7
====================
Capital lease obligations consist primarily of Industrial Revenue Bonds and
Notes with an average effective rate of 4.0%. The variable-rate Industrial
Development Revenue Bonds are supported by letters of credit. The interest rates
on the variable-rate tax-exempt bonds closely follow the tax-exempt commercial
paper rates.
The 8-1/8% and 7-1/8% debentures are callable by the Company at approximately
103% beginning in 2003. The 6.84% debentures can be put to the Company at par
value in 2007.
The Company has an unused $460 million bank credit agreement that extends until
October 2002. This agreement contains restrictive covenants and requires
commitment fees in accordance with standard banking practice. At December 31,
1997, the Company has classified $155.3 million of short-term borrowings as
long-term debt based on management's intent and the Company's ability to
refinance the borrowings on a long-term basis. After reduction for these
financings, the Company has unused long-term lines of credit of $304.7 million.
36
In February 1997, the Company issued $550 million of debentures and notes with
varying maturities. At December 31, 1996, the Company had classified $530.3
million of short-term borrowings as long-term based on management's intent to
refinance the short-term debt on a long-term basis. The weighted-average
interest rate paid on short-term borrowings for 1997 and 1996 was approximately
5.7% and 5.5%, respectively.
Maturities of long-term debt for the next five years are $1.8 million in 1998,
$8.0 million in 1999, $35.5 million in 2000, $13.0 million in 2001 and $291.9
million in 2002.
The Company has guaranteed obligations of certain affiliated operations and
others totaling $39.5 million at December 31, 1997. In addition, the Company has
a 50% interest in a partnership with Kimberly-Clark Corporation, which has
borrowed $300 million under a loan agreement with The Sumitomo Bank, Limited,
New York Branch, which matures in 1998. The loan, one-half of which has been
guaranteed by the Company, may be prepaid at any time either in cash or by
delivery of notes receivable from Georgia-Pacific Corporation held by the
partnership as part of the consideration from the 1988 sale of Brunswick Pulp
and Paper Company, a former affiliate. It is not practicable to estimate the
fair value of the above guarantees, however, the Company does not expect to
incur losses as a result of these guarantees.
G - Financial Instruments
The Company uses various derivative financial instruments as part of an overall
strategy to manage the Company's exposure to market risks associated with
interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The Company uses
foreign currency forward contracts to manage the foreign currency exchange rate
risks associated with its international operations. The Company utilizes
interest rate swap and cap agreements to manage its interest rate risks on its
debt instruments, including the reset of interest rates on variable rate debt.
The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading
purposes.
The risk of loss to the Company in the event of nonperformance by any
counterparty under derivative financial instrument agreements is not
significant. All counterparties are rated A or higher by Moody's and Standard
and Poor's. Although the derivative financial instruments expose the Company to
market risk, fluctuations in the value of the derivatives are mitigated by
expected offsetting fluctuations in the matched instruments.
As part of an overall strategy to maintain an acceptable level of exposure to
the risk of interest rate fluctuation, the Company has developed a targeted mix
of fixed-rate and cap-protected debt versus variable-rate debt. To efficiently
manage this mix, the Company may utilize interest rate swap, cap and option
agreements to effectively convert the debt portfolio into an acceptable fixed-
rate, capped rate and variable-rate mix.
Under interest rate swap agreements, the Company agrees with other parties to
exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed-rate and
variable-rate interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon
notional principal amount. The Company utilizes interest rate cap agreements to
limit the impact of increases in interest rates on its floating rate debt. The
interest rate cap agreements require premium payments to counterparties based
upon a notional principal amount. Interest rate cap agreements entitle the
Company to receive from the counterparties the amounts, if any, by which the
selected market interest rates exceed the strike rates stated in the agreements.
37
The fair values of the interest rate swap and cap agreements are estimated using
quotes from brokers and represent the cash requirement if the existing
agreements had been settled at year end. Selected information related to the
Company's interest rate swap and cap agreements is as follows:
Swap agreements Cap agreements
December 31 1997 1996 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Notional amount $ 180.0 $ 180.0 $ 150.0 $ 150.0
=============================================
Fair value $ (5.6) $ (5.4) $ $ .1
Carrying amount (4.9) (5.7) .3 .6
---------------------------------------------
Net unrecognized gain (loss) $ (.7) $ .3 $ (.3) $ (.5)
=============================================
At December 31, 1996, the Company was a party to forward-starting interest rate
swaps utilized in order to fix the interest rate on a portion of the long-term
debt issued in early 1997. The swaps had a total notional amount of $374 million
and maturities from 10 years to 30 years and effectively fixed the interest rate
on $384 million of long-term debt with maturities from 10 years to 50 years.
Upon the issuance of the debt, the swaps were terminated and the resulting loss
realized on the swaps was recorded as an adjustment to the carrying amount of
the related debt and will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the
related debt. As of December 31, 1996, the fair value of these swaps was $(2.6)
million with a carrying amount of $1.8 million.
The Company utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to reduce exposure to
exchange rate risks primarily associated with transactions in the regular course
of the Company's international operations. The forward contracts establish the
exchange rates at which the Company will purchase or sell the contracted amount
of local currencies for specified foreign currencies at a future date. The
Company utilizes forward contracts which are short-term in duration (generally
one month) and receives or pays the difference between the contracted forward
rate and the exchange rate at the settlement date. The major currency exposures
hedged by the Company are the Dutch guilder, British pound, Japanese yen and
German mark. The contract amount of foreign currency forwards at December 31,
1997 and 1996, is $129.0 million and $119.9 million, respectively. The carrying
amount and fair value of these contracts are not significant.
The fair value of the Company's long-term debt is estimated based on quoted
market prices for the same or similar issues or on current rates offered to the
Company for debt of the same remaining maturities. The fair value of long-term
debt, excluding capital leases, was $1,310.1 million and $1,087.8 million at
December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively, and the related carrying amounts were
$1,240.8 million and $1,077.0 million, respectively.
At December 31, 1997 and 1996, the Company held short-term investments which are
included in cash and cash equivalents. The carrying amount of these short-term
investments is a reasonable estimate of fair value.
38
H - Shareowners' Equity
The Company has authorized 300 million no par common shares. The Company has
outstanding authorization from the Board of Directors to repurchase up to ten
million common shares of which 6.1 million have been repurchased as of December
31, 1997. A total of 30.4 million and 28.3 million common shares were held in
treasury at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Under a Rights Agreement, each outstanding common share presently has one right
attached which trades with the common share. Generally, the rights become
exercisable and trade separately ten days after a third party acquires 20% or
more of the common shares or commences a tender offer for a specified percentage
of the common shares. In addition, the rights become exercisable if any party
becomes the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the outstanding common shares and
is determined by the Board of Directors to be an adverse party. Upon the
occurrence of certain additional triggering events specified in the Rights
Agreement, each right would entitle its holder (other than, in certain
instances, the holder of 20% or more of the common shares) to purchase common
shares of the Company (or, in certain circumstances, cash, property or other
securities of the Company) having a value of $200 for $100, the initial exercise
price. The rights expire in 2006 and are presently redeemable at $.005 per
right. At December 31, 1997, there were 149.2 million common shares reserved for
issuance under this plan.
The Board of Directors has approved termination benefits for certain key
executives and a severance plan for all other salaried employees and established
a Benefit Trust in connection with the Company's unfunded supplemental
retirement plan, deferred compensation plan, directors retirement plan and
excess benefits plan to preserve the benefits earned thereunder in the event of
a change in control of the Company. These plans would be required to be
immediately funded upon such an event.
The Company has preferred shares authorized but unissued as follows: 61,500
undesignated cumulative preferred, par value $100; 20 million undesignated
voting cumulative preferred, without par value; 20 million cumulative preferred,
without par value; and 295,540 cumulative second preferred, par value $50.
At December 31, 1997, there is $1.3 billion available for common dividends which
represents the maximum amount of additional indebtedness that can be incurred
solely to pay common dividends while remaining in compliance with certain debt
covenants.
I - Stock-Based Compensation Plans
Officers and key employees have been granted stock options under various plans.
Options as to 3.1 million shares are accompanied by limited rights which may be
exercised in lieu of the option under certain circumstances. The exercise price
of all options equals the market price of the Company's stock on the date of the
grant. The options and rights have a maximum term of ten years and vest after
one year or three years. Under the 1996 Stock Option Plan, additional options
(reload options) can be granted upon the exercise of the original incentive
stock option at the then current market price. The option holder must hold the
shares acquired for three years in order to vest in the reload options. There
are 13.7 million shares reserved for issuance under these plans.
39
A Restricted Stock Plan provides for the issuance of restricted common shares to
certain employees and to directors who are not officers or employees of the
Company. These shares are restricted for periods of six months to five years. As
of December 31, 1997, 35,000 common shares are issued and outstanding under the
plan. There are 776,000 shares reserved for issuance under this plan. There were
27,000, 4,000 and 18,000 shares granted in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively, at
a weighted-average price of $29.58, $27.23 and $26.97, respectively.
The following table summarizes activity in the Company's stock-based
compensation plans:
(All share amounts in thousands) 1997 1996 1995
Weighted- Weighted- Weighted-
Average Average Average
Exercise Exercise Exercise
Shares Price Shares Price Shares Price
Outstanding at beginning of year 7,470 $22.44 6,528 $20.97 7,032 $19.14
Granted 1,902 29.73 1,744 26.61 1,442 27.20
Exercised (1,825) 21.02 (722) 18.85 (1,920) 18.82
Canceled (67) 25.52 (80) 25.87 (26) 26.86
------- ------ ------
Outstanding at end of year 7,480 $24.62 7,470 $22.44 6,528 $20.97
======= ====== ======
Exercisable at year end 5,445 $22.80 5,778 $21.22 5,132 $19.28
======= ====== ======
Weighted-average fair value of
options granted during the year
using the extended binomial
option-pricing model $ 8.30 $ 6.71 $ 8.03
Weighted-average assumptions
used for grants:
Expected dividend yield 2% 2% 2%
Expected volatility 21% 22% 22%
Risk-free interest rate 6.3% 5.6% 7.2%
Expected life of option
(in years) 5.8 5.5 5.5
40
The following table shows various information about stock options outstanding at
December 31, 1997:
(All share amounts in thousands)
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
------------------------------------- --------------------------
Weighted-
Average
Number Remaining Weighted- Number Weighted-
Outstanding Contractual Average Exercisable at Average
Range of at December 31, Life (in Exercise December 31, Exercise
Exercise Prices 1997 years) Price 1997 Price
$13.31 - $18.31 1,218 3.3 $16.46 1,218 $16.46
20.75 - 26.53 3,214 6.4 23.75 3,111 23.68
27.19 - 31.94 3,048 8.5 28.80 1,116 27.26
----- -----
$13.31 - $31.94 7,480 6.8 $24.62 5,445 $22.80
===== =====
Total compensation costs charged to earnings from continuing operations before
income taxes for all stock-based compensation awards were less than $1 million
in each of 1997, 1996 and 1995. Had compensation costs been determined based on
the fair value method of SFAS No. 123 for all plans, the Company's net earnings
and earnings per common share would have been reduced to the following pro forma
amounts:
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
Net earnings (in millions):
As reported $ 150.1 $ 195.3 $ 350.0
=====================================
Pro forma $ 141.4 $ 188.8 $ 344.3
=====================================
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution
As reported $ 1.41 $ 1.84 $ 3.17
=====================================
Pro forma $ 1.33 $ 1.78 $ 3.11
=====================================
J - Other Revenues - Net
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Investment income $ 3.1 $ 6.2 $ 18.1
Other 6.8 7.5 15.6
--------------------------------
$ 9.9 $ 13.7 $ 33.7
================================
41
K - Income Taxes
The principal current and non-current deferred tax assets and (liabilities) are
as follows:
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated depreciation for tax
purposes $(493.0) $(439.9)
Nontaxable pension asset (90.1) (84.6)
Deferred installment gain (47.5) (47.5)
Other (55.0) (60.7)
-----------------
(685.6) (632.7)
Deferred tax assets:
Alternative minimum tax carryforward 16.0
Compensation and fringe benefits accruals 55.8 53.0
Postretirement benefit accrual 48.3 48.2
Loss provisions and other expenses not
currently deductible 29.3 27.0
Other 21.4 26.9
-----------------
170.8 155.1
-----------------
Net deferred liability $(514.8) $(477.6)
=================
Included in the balance sheets:
Current assets - deferred tax asset $ 34.2 $ 36.6
Deferred items (549.0) (514.2)
-----------------
Net deferred liability $(514.8) $(477.6)
=================
The significant components of income tax expense are as follows:
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Currently payable:
Federal $15.5 $ 36.9 $ 86.3
Federal alternative minimum
tax 16.0
State and local .2 6.8 6.9
Foreign 14.3 13.1 8.5
-------------------------
46.0 56.8 101.7
Change in deferred income taxes 37.2 57.4 91.3
-------------------------
83.2 114.2 193.0
Allocation to partnership earnings (1.9) (2.0) (4.3)
Allocation to discontinued operations (3.2) (4.5)
-------------------------
$81.3 $ 109.0 $ 184.2
=========================
42
The following table summarizes the major differences between the actual income
tax provision attributable to continuing operations and taxes computed at the
federal statutory rates:
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Federal taxes computed at statutory rate $77.9 $103.1 $170.7
State and local income taxes, net of
federal benefit 4.0 6.5 12.9
Impact related to difference in tax
rates for foreign operations (1.2) (1.3) 3.2
Other .6 .7 (2.6)
-----------------------
Income taxes $81.3 $109.0 $184.2
=======================
Effective tax rate 36.5% 37.0% 37.8%
=======================
At December 31, 1997, no domestic income taxes have been provided on Mead's
share of the undistributed net earnings of corporate investees and overseas
operations. Those earnings totaled $246.2 million, including foreign currency
translation adjustments. The aggregate amount of unrecognized deferred tax
liability is approximately $12 million at December 31, 1997.
L - Discontinued Operations
In December 1994, the Company sold its Electronic Publishing segment. The
additional gain on sale recognized in 1995 resulted primarily from the
adjustment of certain items related to this sale. During 1996, the Company sold
its previously discontinued Imaging business, resulting in a gain of $5.4
million, net of income tax of $3.2 million.
43
M - Pension Plans
The Company has pension plans that cover substantially all employees.
Pension benefits for bargaining employees are primarily based upon years of
credited service. Benefits for salaried and other non-bargaining employees
are based upon years of service and the employee's average final earnings.
Mead's funding policy is to contribute amounts to the plans sufficient to
meet or exceed the minimum requirements of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act.
Summary information on the Company's funded plans is as follows:
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Financial status of plans:
Plan assets at fair value (primarily common
stocks and fixed income securities) $ 978.5 $ 888.7
Actuarial present value of accumulated
benefit obligation:
Vested (593.2) (546.8)
Non-vested (60.2) (53.3)
Estimated effect of future salary increases
at 1% over expected inflation (65.1) (62.2)
------- -------
Projected benefit obligation (718.5) (662.3)
------- -------
Plan assets in excess of projected
benefit obligation 260.0 226.4
Reconciliation of financial status of plans to
amounts recorded in Mead's balance sheets:
Unamortized plan assets in excess of plan
liabilities (overfunding) at January 1,
1986 - to be recognized as a reduction of
future years' pension expense (25.3) (33.5)
Unrecorded effect of net (gain) arising from
differences between actuarial assumptions
used to determine periodic pension expense
and actual experience (29.5) (2.2)
Unamortized prior service cost 32.0 31.8
------- -------
Pension asset $ 237.2 $ 222.5
======= =======
Benefit obligation discount rate 7.00% 7.75%
======= =======
44
The projected benefit obligation for the Company's unfunded plans was $31.4
million and $30.1 million at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively, of
which $26.3 million and $22.6 million represent the accumulated benefit
obligation. Of the projected benefit obligation, $18.8 million and $19.2
million at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively, is subject to later
amortization. Unfunded accrued pension cost is $12.6 million and $10.9
million at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
The components of net pension (income) expense for all pension plans are as
follows:
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Service cost, benefits earned
during the year $ 20.9 $ 20.4 $ 15.5
Interest cost on projected benefit
obligation 51.0 49.6 46.4
Actual return on plan assets (164.0) (99.2) (181.2)
Net amortization and deferral 84.6 21.7 114.4
------- ------ -------
Net pension (income) expense $ (7.5) $ (7.5) $ (4.9)
======= ====== =======
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used in determining
net pension income was 9% in all years.
The Company's pension plans require the allocation of excess plan assets to
plan members if the plans are terminated, merged or consolidated following
a change in control (as defined) of the Company opposed by the Board of
Directors of the Company. Amendment of these provisions after such a change
in control would require approval of plan participants.
N - Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions
The Company funds certain health care benefit costs principally on a
pay-as-you-go basis, with retirees paying a portion of the costs. Certain
retired employees of businesses acquired by the Company are covered under
other health care plans that differ from current plans in coverage,
deductibles and retiree contributions.
45
Summary information on the Company's plans is as follows:
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Financial status of plans:
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation:
Retirees $ (58.7) $ (64.5)
Fully eligible, active plan participant (19.1) (19.9)
Other active plan participants (42.8) (29.9)
------- -------
(120.6) (114.3)
Less plan assets at fair value 9.1 8.2
------- -------
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
in excess of plan assets (111.5) (106.1)
Reconciliation of financial status of plans to
amounts recorded in Mead's balance sheets -
Unrecorded effect of net (gain) arising from
differences between actuarial assumptions used
to determine periodic postretirement benefit
expense and actual experience (16.0) (20.8)
------- -------
Accrued postretirement benefit cost - included
in Deferred items $(127.5) $(126.9)
======= =======
Benefit obligation discount rate 7.00% 7.75%
======= =======
The components of net periodic postretirement benefit cost are as follows:
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Service cost, benefits attributed to
employee service during the year $ 2.5 $ 2.4 $ 2.3
Interest cost on accumulated
postretirement benefit obligation 8.0 8.6 9.6
Actual return on plan assets (.9) (1.0) (1.1)
Net amortization and deferral (1.1) .3 .5
----- ------- -------
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost $ 8.5 $ 10.3 $ 11.3
===== ======= =======
46
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used in determining
the net periodic postretirement benefit cost was 8% in each year. The
assumed health care cost trend rate used in measuring the accumulated
postretirement benefit obligation in 1997 was 8% declining by .8% per year
to an ultimate rate of 5%. The assumed health care trend rates used in 1996
was 9%, declining by .8% per year and 1995 was 12%, declining by 1% per
year.
If the health care cost trend rate assumptions were increased by 1%, the
accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 1997,
would be increased by 7%. The effect of this change on the sum of the
service cost and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement
benefit cost for 1997 would be an increase of 9%.
O - Leases
At December 31, 1997, future minimum annual rental commitments under
noncancelable lease obligations are as follows:
Capital Operating
(All dollar amounts in millions) Leases Leases
Year Ending December 31:
1998 $ 8.0 $ 39.1
1999 8.7 29.7
2000 9.0 20.6
2001 7.4 14.2
2002 7.5 12.6
Later years through 2028 342.9 61.0
------- ------
Total minimum lease payments 383.5 $177.2
======
Less amount representing interest (195.8)
-------
Present value of net minimum lease payments 187.7
Less current maturities of capital lease obligations (.5)
-------
Capital lease obligations $ 187.2
=======
Capital leases are for manufacturing facilities, equipment and warehouse
and office space. Capital lease property included in property, plant and
equipment is as follows:
December 31 1997 1996
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Land and buildings $ 4.4 $ 4.5
Machinery and equipment 195.6 170.6
------ ------
200.0 175.1
Less accumulated amortization (80.5) (73.4)
------ ------
$119.5 $101.7
====== ======
47
The majority of rent expense is for operating leases which are for office,
warehouse and manufacturing facilities and delivery, manufacturing and
computer equipment. A number of these leases have renewal options. Rent
expense was $59.2 million, $54.9 million and $49.3 million in 1997, 1996
and 1995, respectively.
P - Litigation and Other Proceedings
The Company is involved in various litigation generally incidental to
normal operations, as well as proceedings regarding equal employment
opportunity matters, among others. The Company has also been identified as
a potentially responsible party in at least 19 environmental proceedings.
It is not possible to determine the ultimate liability, if any, in all
these matters. The Company has established reserves of $38 million relating
to environmental liabilities, including those related to discontinued
operations, which it believes are probable and reasonably estimable. The
Company believes that it is reasonably possible that costs associated with
these sites may exceed current reserves by an amount that could range from
an insignificant amount to as much as $45 million. The estimate of this
range is less certain than the estimates upon which reserves are based. In
order to establish this range, assumptions less favorable to the Company
among those outcomes that are considered reasonably possible were used. In
the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel and after
considering established reserves, the resolution of pending litigation and
proceedings is not expected to have a material effect on the financial
condition, results of operations or liquidity of the Company.
Q - Additional Information on Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest $ 90.0 $ 69.0 $ 69.4
Less amount capitalized (9.2) (6.9) (2.0)
------------------------
Interest, net of amount capitalized $ 80.8 $ 62.1 $ 67.4
========================
Income taxes $ 41.3 $ 58.8 $417.4
========================
48
R - Segment Information
Industry Segments
-----------------
The Company classifies its businesses into three industry segments. A
comparison of the operations of the Company's businesses based on sales,
earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and identifiable
assets is shown below. The Paper operations manufacture and sell printing,
writing, carbonless copy, publishing and specialty paper primarily to
domestic publishers, printers and converters. The Packaging and Paperboard
operations manufacture and sell beverage and food packaging materials,
corrugated shipping containers and paperboard to those markets primarily
located in the United States with other operations conducted in Europe,
Latin America and the Pacific Rim. The Distribution and School and Office
Products operations are predominantly domestic and market a full line of
paper products to users of printing papers, industrial supplies and
packaging materials. These operations also manufacture and distribute
school and office paper related products to retailers.
Geographic Areas
----------------
The Company has sales from foreign subsidiaries primarily in Canada,
Europe, Latin America and the Pacific Rim. No individual foreign geographic
area is significant to the Company relative to total net sales, earnings
from continuing operations before taxes or identifiable assets. Net sales
to unaffiliated customers from the Company's foreign subsidiaries were
$534.6 million, $528.5 million and $495.3 million in 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively. Earnings from operations for foreign subsidiaries were $43.9
million, $45.1 million and $33.8 million in 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively. Foreign identifiable assets were $365.8 million, $383.2
million and $427.9 million in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(All dollar amounts in millions) Sales (1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unaffiliated Intersegment Unaffiliated Intersegment Unaffiliated Intersegment
Industry segments:
Paper $1,576.1 $ 242.6 $1,251.3 $ 197.5 $1,243.3 $ 217.7
Packaging and Paperboard 1,431.8 5.3 1,371.4 4.6 1,428.8 7.0
Distribution and School
and Office Products 2,069.5 9.4 2,083.8 8.9 2,507.3 9.3
Intersegment elimination (257.3) (211.0) (234.0)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $5,077.4 $4,706.5 $5,179.4
==================================================================================
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(All dollar amounts in millions) Earnings from Continuing Operations Depreciation,
Before Income Taxes (2) Depletion and Amortization
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995 1997 1996 1995
Industry segments:
Paper $ 194.5 $ 193.8 $ 330.8 $ 112.2 $ 84.3 $ 72.3
Packaging and Paperboard 129.6 138.6 184.9 149.1 141.4 139.4
Distribution and School
and Office Products 38.7 69.3 77.3 13.3 13.4 13.0
Corporate and other (140.3) (107.1) (105.3) 13.9 11.3 12.0
------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 222.5 $ 294.6 $ 487.7 $ 288.5 $ 250.4 $ 236.7
==================================================================
49
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Identifiable Assets (3) Capital Expenditures
---------------------------------------------------------------
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995 1997 1996 1995
Industry segments:
Paper $2,138.5 $2,149.4 $1,425.6 $110.5 $101.5 $ 73.7
Packaging and Paperboard 1,941.3 1,782.7 1,631.6 293.8 294.9 165.0
Distribution and School
and Office Products 554.6 473.4 471.0 15.0 15.4 8.3
Intersegment elimination (23.1) (19.2) (21.7)
Corporate and other 618.4 599.6 866.3 21.4 21.6 16.0
---------------------------------------------------------------
Total $5,229.7 $4,985.9 $4,372.8 $440.7 $433.4 $263.0
===============================================================
(1) Intersegment sales are made at substantially the same prices and on the same
terms as to unaffiliated customers.
(2) Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes for "Corporate and
other" includes the following:
Year Ended December 31 1997 1996 1995
Other revenues $ 13.0 $ 10.7 $ 25.9
Interest expense (98.2) (57.7) (69.4)
Other expenses (55.1) (60.1) (61.8)
------- ------- -------
$(140.3) $(107.1) $(105.3)
======= ======= =======
(3) The identifiable assets of "Corporate and other" consist primarily of cash
and cash equivalents, property, plant and equipment, and investments and other
assets.
50
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
(All dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)
1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr. Year
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net sales:
1997 $1,135.7 $1,322.3 $1,375.6 $1,243.8 $5,077.4
1996 $1,067.2 $1,258.5 $1,231.1 $1,149.7 $4,706.5
1995 1,240.8 1,442.2 1,352.4 1,144.0 5,179.4
Gross profit:
1997 195.2 234.0 240.7 230.2 900.1
1996 204.0 258.1 236.0 204.5 902.6
1995 221.9 312.2 299.1 242.2 1,075.4
Earnings from
continuing operations:
1997 20.2 47.8 50.3 31.8 150.1
1996 30.9 67.1 62.7 29.2 189.9
1995 61.7 102.2 104.5 74.1 342.5
Per common share -
basic:(1)
Earnings from
continuing operations:
1997 0.19 0.46 0.48 0.31 1.44
1996 0.29 0.64 0.60 0.28 1.81
1995 0.54 0.95 0.97 0.69 3.15
Net earnings:
1997 0.19 0.46 0.48 0.31 1.44
1996 0.34 0.64 0.60 0.28 1.86
1995 0.54 0.95 0.97 0.76 3.22
Per common share -
assuming dilution:(1)
Earnings from
continuing operations:
1997 0.19 0.45 0.47 0.30 1.41
1996 0.29 0.63 0.59 0.28 1.79
1995 0.54 0.94 0.95 0.68 3.10
Net earnings:
1997 0.19 0.45 0.47 0.30 1.41
1996 0.34 0.63 0.59 0.28 1.84
1995 0.54 0.94 0.95 0.75 3.17
Cash dividends per common share:
1997 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.61
1996 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.59
1995 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.55
(1) The number of shares used in the calculation of per share data is
computed based on quarterly averages; therefore, the sum of individual
earnings per share may not equal the annual computation.
51
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure.
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Information pursuant to this item is incorporated herein by reference to
pages 3 through 6 and 26 of the Company's Proxy Statement, definitive
copies of which were filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
("Commission") on March 10, 1998. Information concerning executive
officers is also included in Part I of this report following Item 4.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information pursuant to this item is incorporated herein by reference
to pages 10 through 22 of the Company's Proxy Statement (excluding the
"Report of Compensation Committee on Executive Compensation" on pages 11
through 13 and the "Performance Graph" on page 20), definitive copies of
which were filed with the Commission on March 10, 1998.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
Information pursuant to this item is incorporated herein by reference
to pages 8 through 11 of the Company's Proxy Statement, definitive copies
of which were filed with the Commission on March 10, 1998.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Information pursuant to this item is incorporated herein by reference
to page 26 of the Company's Proxy Statement, definitive copies of which
were filed with the Commission on March 10, 1998.
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) 1. Financial Statements
The financial statements of The Mead Corporation and
consolidated subsidiaries are included in Part II, Item 8.
52
2. Financial Statement Schedule
Page
----
Schedule II --Valuation and Qualifying Accounts........... 60
The information required to be submitted in Schedules I and III
through V for The Mead Corporation and consolidated subsidiaries has either
been shown in the financial statements or notes thereto, or is not
applicable or required under rules of Regulation S-X, and, therefore, those
schedules have been omitted.
3. Exhibits
(3) Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws:
(i) Amended Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant adopted
May 28, 1987 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (3)(i) of
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1996).
(ii) Regulations of the Registrant, as amended April 25, 1996
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit (3)(ii) of Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended March
31, 1996).
(4) Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including
indentures:
(i) Credit Agreement dated as of November 15, 1989 with Bankers
Trust Company, The First National Bank of Chicago, Morgan Guaranty
Trust Company of New York and fifteen other banks; Amendment No. 1
thereto dated as of November 30, 1991; Amendment No. 2 thereto
dated as of May 1, 1994 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
(10)(1) to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
Quarterly Period ended July 3, 1994); Amendment No. 3 thereto dated
as of August 31, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (4)(1)
to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly
Period ended October 1, 1995); Amendment No. 4 thereto dated as of
August 31, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (4)(i) to
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period
ended September 29, 1996); and Amendment No. 5 thereto dated as of
October 31, 1997.
(ii) Indenture dated as of July 15, 1982 between the Registrant
and Bankers Trust Company, as Trustee, First Supplemental Indenture
dated as of March 1, 1987, Second Supplemental Indenture dated as
of October 15, 1989 and Third Supplemental Indenture dated as of
November 15, 1991.
(iii) Indenture dated as of February 1, 1993 between Registrant
and The First National Bank of Chicago, as Trustee.
(iv) Indenture dated as of October 20, 1997 between Registrant
and Citibank, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4(g) of Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated
October 20, 1997).
The total amount of securities authorized under other long-term
debt instruments does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the
Registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. A copy of
each such instrument will be furnished to the Commission upon
request.
53
(10) Material Contracts:
(i) Agreement dated as of April 24, 1964 between Northwood
Mills Limited, Canamead, Inc., the Registrant and Noranda Mines,
Limited and Supplemental Agreements relating thereto dated as of
July 2, 1964, April 5, 1965, March 15, 1966, February 1, 1967,
December 15, 1970 and April 1, 1974.
(ii) Pulp Purchase Agreement dated as of April 1, 1965 among
Northwood Pulp Limited, the Registrant, Northwood Mills Ltd. and
Noranda Mines Limited.
(iii) Restated Rights Agreement dated as of November 9, 1996
between Registrant and First National Bank of Boston, as Rights
Agent, (incorporated herein by reference to Registrant's Form 8-A,
dated November 13, 1996), as amended November 1, 1997 (incorporated
by reference to Registrant's Form 8-A/A dated November 3, 1997).
(iv) Amended Board Purchase Agreement dated as of January 4,
1988 among the Registrant, Georgia Kraft Company and Inland
Container Corporation.
(v) Indemnification Agreement dated as of January 4, 1988
among the Registrant, Mead Coated Board, Inc., Temple-Inland Inc.,
Inland Container Corporation I, Inland Container Corporation, GK
Texas Holding Company and Georgia Kraft Company.
(vi) Lease Agreement between The Industrial Development Board
of the City of Phenix City, Alabama and Mead Coated Board, Inc.,
dated as of December 1, 1988, as amended.
(vii) Lease Agreement between The Industrial Development Board
of the City of Phenix City, Alabama and Mead Coated Board, Inc.,
dated as of June 1, 1993, as amended.
The following are compensatory plans and arrangements in which
directors or executive officers participate:
(viii) 1984 Stock Option Plan of the Registrant, as amended and
restated through November 9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit (10)(ix) to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended December 31, 1996).
(ix) 1991 Stock Option Plan of the Registrant, as amended
through November 9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
(10)(x) to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1996).
(x) 1996 Stock Option Plan of the Registrant as amended
through November 9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
(10)(xi) to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1996).
(xi) Incentive Compensation Election Plan of the Registrant as
amended November 17, 1987, as amended October 29, 1988.
(xii) 1985 Supplement to Registrant's Incentive Compensation
Election Plan, as amended November 17, 1987, and as further amended
October 29, 1988.
(xiii) Excess Benefit Plan of the Registrant dated January 1,
1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10)(3) to Registrant's
54
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended March
31, 1996).
(xiv) Excess Earnings Benefit Plan of the Registrant dated
January 1, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10)(4) to
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period
ended March 31, 1996).
(xv) Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective
January 1, 1997 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10)(3) to
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period
ended March 30, 1997).
(xvi) Form of Indemnification Agreement between Registrant and
each of John C. Bogle, John G. Breen, William E. Hoglund, James G.
Kaiser, Robert J. Kohlhepp, John A. Krol, Susan J. Kropf, Charles
S. Mechem, Jr., Paul F. Miller, Jr., Lee J. Styslinger, Jr., Jerome
F. Tatar and J. Lawrence Wilson.
(xvii) Form of Severance Agreement between Registrant and each
of William R. Graber, Elias M. Karter, Raymond W. Lane, Thomas E.
Palmer, Jerome F. Tatar and other key employees.
(xviii) Restated Benefit Trust Agreement dated August 27, 1996
between Registrant and Society Bank, National Association
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10)(1) of Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended
September 29, 1996).
(xix) Restricted Stock Plan effective December 10, 1987, as
amended through November 9, 1996 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit (10)(xxi) to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996).
(xx) Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors of the
Registrant, as amended through October 29, 1988.
(xxi) 1985 Supplement to Registrant's Deferred Compensation
Plan for Directors, as amended through October 29, 1988.
(xxii) Directors Capital Accumulation Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit (10)(1) of Registrant's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended June 30, 1996).
(xxiii) Form of Executive Life Insurance Policy for Key
Executives.
(xxiv) Long Term Incentive Plan effective 1997 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit (10)(2) of Registrant's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended March 30, 1997).
(xxv) Annual Incentive Plan for 1997 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit (10)(1) of Registrant's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended March 30, 1997).
(xxvi) Form of Mead Executive Capital Accumulation Plan
effective January 1, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
(10)(1) of Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
Quarterly Period ended July 2, 1995.), amended as of March 1, 1997
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(4) to Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended March
30, 1997), and amended as of July 1, 1997.
55
(12) Statements re Computation of Ratios.
(21) Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
(23) Consent of Independent Auditors.
(27) Financial Data Schedule
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
(1) A Form 8-K was filed on October 17, 1997 reporting under Item 5
certain financial results of Registrant for the Quarterly Period ended September
28, 1997. Also filed as an exhibit was a copy of a Press Release dated October
15, 1997.
(2) A Form 8-K was filed on October 27, 1997 reporting under Item 5
Registrant's execution of a Distribution Agreement dated October 20, 1997 with
Goldman, Sachs & Co. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated
relating to the sale by the Registrant through the Agents from time to time of
up to $154,000,000 aggregate offering price of the Registrant's Medium Term
Notes, Series A Due Nine Months to Thirty Years from date of issue. Also filed
as exhibits were copies of the Distribution Agreement, Indenture, Form of Fixed
Rate and Floating Rate Notes and legal opinions.
56
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
THE MEAD CORPORATION
Date: February 26, 1998 By JEROME F. TATAR
-------------------------------------
Jerome F. Tatar
Chairman of the Board,
Chief Executive Officer and
President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Date: February 26, 1998 By JEROME F. TATAR
-------------------------------------
Jerome F. Tatar
Director, Chairman of the Board,
Chief Executive Officer and
President
Date: February 26, 1998 By WILLIAM R. GRABER
-------------------------------------
William R. Graber
Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer (principal
financial officer)
Date: February 26, 1998 By GREGORY T. GESWEIN
-------------------------------------
Gregory T. Geswein
Vice President and Controller
(principal accounting officer)
Date: February 26, 1998 By JOHN C. BOGLE
-------------------------------------
John C. Bogle
Director
Date: February 26, 1998 By JOHN G. BREEN
-------------------------------------
John G. Breen
Director
Date: February 26, 1998 By WILLIAM E. HOGLUND
-------------------------------------
William E. Hoglund
Director
57
Date: February 26, 1998 By JAMES G. KAISER
----------------------------------
James G. Kaiser
Director
Date: February 26, 1998 By JOHN A. KROL
----------------------------------
John A. Krol
Director
Date: February 26, 1998 By SUSAN J. KROPF
----------------------------------
Susan J. Kropf
Director
Date: February 26, 1998 By CHARLES S. MECHEM, JR.
----------------------------------
Charles S. Mechem, Jr.
Director
Date: February 26, 1998 By PAUL F. MILLER, JR.
----------------------------------
Paul F. Miller, Jr.
Director
Date: February 26, 1998 By LEE J. STYSLINGER, JR.
----------------------------------
Lee J. Styslinger, Jr.
Director
Date: February 26, 1998 By J. LAWRENCE WILSON
-----------------------------------
J. Lawrence Wilson
Director
58
THE MEAD CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE FURNISHED PURSUANT TO
REQUIREMENTS OF FORM 10-K
Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
59
THE MEAD CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(All dollar amounts in millions)
Column A Column B Column C Column D Column E
- ---------------------------------- ---------- ------------------- ----------- --------
Additions
-------------------
Charged Charged Balance
Balance at to to Other at
Beginning Costs & Accounts- Deductions- End of
Description of Period Expenses Describe Describe Period
- ---------------------------------- ---------- -------- --------- ----------- --------
Year Ended December 31, 1996:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 28.0 $ 3.7 $-0- $ 6.8 (A) $ 24.9
========== ======== ========= =========== ========
Accumulated amortization of good-
will and other intangibles $ 40.6 $ 3.3 $ -0- $ -0- $ 43.9
========== ======== ========= =========== ========
Year Ended December 31, 1995:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 26.8 $ 7.1 $ -0- $ 5.9 (A) $ 28.0
========== ======== ========= =========== ========
Accumulated amortization of good-
will and other intangibles $ 37.3 $ 3.3 $ -0- $ -0- $ 40.6
========== ======== ========= =========== ========
Year Ended December 31, 1994:
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 23.9 $ 10.2 $ -0- $ 7.3 (A) $ 26.8
========== ======== ========= =========== ========
Accumulated amortization of good-
will and other intangibles $ 34.0 $ 3.3 $ -0- $ -0- $ 37.3
========== ======== ========= =========== ========
Reserve for asset impairment $ 60.0 $ -0- $ -0- $ 60.0 (B) $ -0-
========== ======== ========= =========== ========
(A) Accounts charged off, net of recoveries.
(B) Reserve of sold business.
60
THE MEAD CORPORATION
EXHIBITS TO FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997