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                                                                     EXHIBIT 3.1


                  SECOND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

                                       OF

                    AMERICAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED

                         PURSUANT TO SECTION 245 OF THE
                        DELAWARE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW



        AMERICAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED, a corporation organized and
existing under the laws of the State of Delaware hereby certifies as follows:


        1.   The original Certificate of Incorporation of American Management
Systems, Incorporated was filed with the Secretary of State on February 2, 1970.


        2.   A Restated Certificate of Incorporation of American Management
Systems, Incorporated was filed with the Secretary of State on July 27, 1979.


        3.   This Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation only restates and
integrates and does not further amend the provisions of the Restated Certificate
of Incorporation of this Corporation as heretofore amended or supplemented and
there is no discrepancy between those provisions and the provisions of this
Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation.


        4.   This Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation was duly adopted
by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 245 of the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
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        5.   This Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation shall become
effective upon its filing with the Secretary of the State of Delaware.


        6.   The text of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation as amended or
supplemented heretofore is hereby restated without further amendments or changes
to read as herein set forth in full:


        FIRST:  The name of the Corporation is AMERICAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS,
INCORPORATED.


        SECOND: Its registered office in the State of Delaware is to be located
at Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, in the City of Wilmington,
County of New Castle. The name of its registered agent at such address is The
Corporation Trust Company.


        THIRD: The nature of the business of the Corporation and the objects or
purposes proposed to be transacted, promoted or carried on by it in any part of
the world, are to carry on any business and to engage in any lawful act or
activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation
Law of the State of Delaware, including, but without limitation:


        To engage in and provide all types of business and professional
consulting services in developing computer-based information and analysis for
planning and management.


        To devise, formulate, contract for or conduct market, financial or
business research, studies, surveys and tests; to create and utilize business
systems, methods, controls, layouts and plans; to assemble and supply personnel
and staff, all as required or deemed advisable for a solution of marketing,
financial, business or management problems of any corporation, association,
partnership, syndicate, entity, person or governmental, municipal or public
authority, domestic or foreign, located in or organized under the laws of any
authority in any part of the world, or to an improvement in function or to an
increase in efficiency or profit of any of the foregoing, whether in relation to
management, administration, maintenance, manufacture, production, display,
inventory, marketing, sales, distribution or otherwise; and, generally, to
furnish, render, perform 


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and provide all kinds and types of professional assistance to business,
financial and industrial organizations and governmental authorities not
specifically prohibited by statute or law.

        To establish, maintain and furnish services related to the collection,
processing, maintenance and retrieval of information, data, records and
communications of all kinds, including the development, installation and
operation of programs, procedures and equipment necessary to effect or carry out
any of the foregoing.


        To prepare, develop and establish computer programming libraries and
manuals of operation and maintenance; to establish training programs in computer
and other technical fields; and to instruct and train operating and maintenance
crews for computers, electronic and electro-mechanical systems and equipment.


        To research, develop, invent, design, engineer, manufacture, produce,
process, extract, construct, erect, assemble, experiment with, alter, improve,
remodel, equip, install, repair, maintain, manage, operate, purchase, lease, or
otherwise acquire, hold, use, import, export, trade and deal in, distribute,
mortgage, pledge, convey, sell or otherwise dispose of any computers, electronic
systems, equipment, components, electrical and electro-mechanical apparatus,
data processing equipment, cables, motors, meters, supplies, parts, appliances,
tools, goods, wares, merchandise, commodities, articles of commerce, and any and
all other contrivances or things whatsoever, producing, utilizing, related to or
connected with any of the foregoing.


        To enter into any contracts, and to erect, buy, lease or otherwise
acquire, own, maintain, operate, sell, exchange and otherwise dispose of any
property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, relating to the foregoing.


        To do everything necessary, proper, advisable or convenient for the
accomplishment of any of the purposes or the attainment of any of the objects or
the furtherance of any of the powers herein set forth and to do every other act
and thing incidental thereto or connected therewith, provided the same be not
forbidden by the laws of the State of Delaware.


        FOURTH:


        Section 1.  Authorized Shares. The total authorized capital stock of the
Corporation shall be 104,000,000 shares, consisting of 4,000,000 shares of
Preferred Stock, par value $.10 per share (herein called the "Preferred Stock"),
and 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (herein called
the "Common Stock").

        The designations, preferences, relative, participating, optional or 
other special rights,


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qualifications, limitations, restrictions, voting powers and privileges of each
class of the Corporation's capital stock shall be as follows:


        Section 2.  Preferred Stock.


        (a)  Issuance in Series. The Preferred Stock may be issued in such one
or more series as shall from time to time be created and authorized to be issued
by the Board of Directors as hereinafter provided.


        (b)  Authority of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is
hereby expressly authorized, by resolution or resolutions from time to time
adopted providing for the issuance of Preferred Stock, to the extent not fixed
by the provisions hereinafter set forth or otherwise provided by law, to
determine that any series of the Preferred Stock shall be without voting powers
and to fix and state the voting powers, full or limited, if any, the
designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and
other special rights, if any, of the shares of each series of Preferred Stock,
and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, including (but
without limiting the generality of the foregoing) any of the following with
respect to which the Board of Directors shall determine to make affirmative
provisions:


               (i)  the number of shares to constitute such series and the
distinctive name and serial designation thereof;


              (ii)  the annual dividend rate or rates and the date on which the
first dividend on shares of such series shall be payable and all subsequent
dividend payment dates;


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             (iii)  whether dividends are to be cumulative or non-cumulative,
the participating or other special rights, if any, with respect to the payment
of dividends and the date from which dividends on all shares of such series
issued prior to the record date for the first dividend shall be cumulative;


              (iv)  whether any series shall be subject to redemption and, if
so, the manner of redemption and redemption price or prices for such series,
which may consist of a redemption price or scale of redemption prices applicable
only to redemption for a sinking fund (which terms as used in this clause shall
include any fund or provisions for the periodic purchase or retirement of
shares), and a different redemption price or scale of redemption prices
applicable to any other redemption;


               (v)  the amount or amounts of preferential or other payment to
which any series is entitled over any other series or class or over the Common
Stock on voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up;


              (vi)  whether or not the shares of such series shall be subject to
the operation of a purchase, retirement or sinking fund, and, if so, whether
such purchase, retirement or sinking fund shall be cumulative or non-cumulative,
the extent to and the manner in which such fund shall be applied to the purchase
or redemption of the shares of such series for retirement or for other 
corporate purposes and the terms and provisions relative to the operation
thereof and the extent to which the charges therefor are to have priority over
the payment of dividends on any other series or class of the Common Stock;


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             (vii)  the terms, if any, upon which shares of such series shall be
convertible into, or exchangeable for, or shall have rights to purchase or other
privileges to acquire shares of stock of any other class or classes or of any
other series of the same or any other class or classes, including the price or
prices or the rate or rates of conversion, exchange, purchase or acquisition and
the terms of adjustment, if any;


            (viii)  the limitations and restrictions, if any, to be effective
while any shares of such series are outstanding upon the payment of dividends or
making of other distributions on, and upon the purchase, redemption, or other
acquisition of the Common Stock or any other series or class or classes of stock
of the Corporation ranking on a parity with or junior to the shares of such
series either as to dividends or upon liquidation; and

              (ix)  the conditions or restrictions, if any, upon the creation of
indebtedness of the Corporation or upon the issue of any additional stock
(including additional shares of such series or of any other series or of any
other class) ranking on a parity with or prior to the shares of such series
either as to dividends or upon liquidation.


        (c)  Before the Corporation shall issue any shares of Preferred Stock of
any series authorized as hereinbefore provided, a certificate setting forth a
copy of the resolution or resolutions with respect to such series adopted by the
Board of Directors of the Corporation pursuant to the foregoing authority vested
in said Board shall be made, filed and recorded in accordance with the then
applicable requirements, if any, of the laws of the State of Delaware, or, if no
certificate is then so required such certificate shall be signed and
acknowledged on behalf of the Corporation by the chairman or vice-chairman of
the Board of Directors or the Corporation's president or a 


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vice-president and its corporate seal shall be affixed thereto and attested by
its secretary or an assistant secretary and such certificate shall be filed and
kept on file at the registered office of the Corporation in the State of
Delaware and in such other place or places as the Board of Directors shall
designate.


        (d)  Shares of any series of Preferred Stock which shall be issued and
thereafter acquired by the Corporation through purchase, redemption, conversion
or otherwise, shall return to the status of authorized but unissued Preferred
Stock of the same series unless otherwise provided in the resolution or
resolutions of the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise provided in the
resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for the issue
thereof, the number of authorized shares of stock of any such series may be
increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares thereof then
outstanding) by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors and the
filing of a certificate complying with the requirements referred to in
subparagraph (d) above. In case the number of shares of any such series of
Preferred Stock shall be decreased, the shares representing such decrease shall,
unless otherwise provided in the resolution or resolutions of the Board of
Directors providing for the issuance thereof, resume the status of authorized
but unissued Preferred Stock, undesignated as to series.


        Section 3.  Voting Rights.


        (a)  Preferred Stock. In addition to the voting rights required by law
and this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as the same may be amended from
time to time, the holder of shares of any series of Preferred Stock shall be
entitled to such voting rights, if any, as are provided by 


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the resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors creating the series of
Preferred Stock of which such shares are a part.


        (b)  Common Stock. Except as required by law and this Restated
Certificate of Incorporation, as the same may be amended from time to time, and
except as provided by the resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors
creating or amending any series of Preferred Stock, the holders of Common Stock
of the Corporation shall have the right to vote for the election of directors
(other than for any director then permitted to be elected by the separate vote
of classes or series of capital stock of the Corporation to the exclusion of the
holders of the Common Stock) and on all other matters submitted to a vote of
shareholders generally and each holder thereof shall be entitled to one vote for
each share of such Common Stock held by such holder.


        Section 4.  Common Stock.


        (a)  Dividends. The holder of each share of Common Stock shall be
entitled to receive dividends, when and as declared by the Board of Directors of
the Corporation, out of the assets of the Corporation which are by law available
therefor, dividends payable either in cash, in property, or in shares of Common
Stock. No dividends other than dividends payable only in shares of Common Stock
shall be paid on the Common Stock if cash dividends in full to which all
outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock shall then be entitled for the then
current dividend period and where such dividends are cumulative for all past
dividend periods shall not have been paid or been declared and set apart for
payment, as provided in Section 2 of this Article FOURTH.


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        (b)  Rights of Common Stock on Dissolution, Liquidation, etc. In the
event of any dissolution, liquidation or winding-up of the affairs of the
Corporation, the holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled, after payment or
provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities of the Corporation, and
the amounts to which the holders of the Preferred Stock shall be entitled, to
share equally in the remaining net assets of the Corporation.


        (c)  Reservation of Common Stock. The Corporation shall at all times
reserve and hold available out of its authorized but unissued Common Stock
solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion or exchange of the shares of
the Preferred Stock the full number of shares of Common Stock then deliverable
upon conversion or exchange of all shares of Preferred Stock at the time
outstanding.


        Section 5.  Issue of and Consideration for Capital Stock. The authorized
but unissued shares of Common Stock may be issued for such consideration, not
less than the par value thereof, as may be fixed from time to time by the Board
of Directors; the authorized but unissued shares of Preferred Stock may be
issued for such consideration, not less than the par value thereof, as may be
fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors.


        Section 6.  Negation of Equitable Interests in Shares or Rights. The
Corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of any shares of the
Corporation as the owner thereof for all purposes, including all rights deriving
from such shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other
claim to, or interest in, such shares or rights deriving from such shares, on
the part of any other person, including, but without limiting the generality
thereof, a purchaser, assignee or transferee of such shares or rights deriving
from such shares, unless and until such


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purchaser, assignee, transferee or other person becomes the record holder of
such shares, whether or not the Corporation shall have either actual or
constructive notice of the interest of such purchaser, assignee, transferee or
other person. Any such purchaser, assignee, transferee or other person shall not
be entitled to receive notice of the meeting of stockholders; to vote at such
meetings; to examine a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at
meetings; or to own, enjoy, and exercise any other property or rights deriving
from such shares against the Corporation, until such purchaser, assignee,
transferee or other person has become the record holder of such shares.


        Section 7.  Preemptive Rights. No holder of any of the shares of the
Preferred Stock or of the Common Stock of the Corporation shall be entitled as
of right as such holder to purchase or to subscribe for any unissued stock of
any class, or any additional shares of any class to be issued by reason of any
increase in the authorized capital stock of the Corporation of any class, or
bonds, certificates or indebtedness, debentures or other securities convertible
into stock of the Corporation or carrying any right to purchase stock in any
class, but any such unissued stock, or such additional authorized issue of any
stock or of other securities convertible into stock or carrying any right to
purchase stock, may be issued and disposed of pursuant to resolutions of the
Board of Directors, to such persons, firms, corporations, or associations and
upon such terms as may be deemed advisable by the Board of Directors in the
exercise of its discretion.


        FIFTH: In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by
statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal
the by-laws of the Corporation subject to the concurrent right of the
shareholders to amend the by-laws.


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        SIXTH:  The books of the Corporation may be kept (subject to any
applicable provision of law) outside the State of Delaware at such place or
places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or in
the by-laws of the Corporation. Elections of directors need not be by written
ballot unless the by-laws of the Corporation shall so provide.


        SEVENTH: The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or
repeal any provision contained in this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, in
the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon
stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation.


        EIGHTH: This Corporation and its officers shall have the power to do any
lawful act which is necessary or proper to accomplish the purposes of its
incorporation and shall have all the powers conferred upon the Corporation under
the laws of the State of Delaware, whether or not specified in this Restated
Certificate of Incorporation.


        NINTH: To the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General
Corporation Law as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended, a director
of the Corporation shall not be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders
for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. Any repeal or
modification of this Article Nine by the stockholders of the Corporation only
shall be applied prospectively, to the extent that such repeal or modification
would, if applied retrospectively, adversely affect any limitation on the
personal liability of a director of the Corporation existing immediately prior
to such repeal or modification.


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        IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said American Management Systems, Incorporated has
caused this Certificate to be signed by Philip M. Giuntini, its President, and
attested by Frank A. Nicolai, its Secretary, this 20th day of June, 1995.


                                       AMERICAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED



                                       By:/s/PHILIP M. GIUNTINI
                                             ------------------
                                             Philip M. Giuntini
                                             President
ATTEST:


By:/s/FRANK A. NICOLAI
      ----------------
Frank A. Nicolai
Secretary





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