1 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q (MARK ONE) [X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JULY 31, 2001 OR [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. (EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER) DELAWARE 74-2846643 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 8300 NORTH MOPAC EXPRESSWAY AUSTIN, TEXAS 78759 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (512) 349-0300 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. [X] Yes [ ] No As of September 1, 2001, Registrant had outstanding 27,948,528 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. 2 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES TABLE OF CONTENTS <Table> <Caption> PAGE ---- PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2000 and July 31, 2001................................................................... 3 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001.................................................... 4 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001.......................................................... 5 Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.............................. 6 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations........................................................... 12 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk........................ 29 PART II OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings................................................................. 30 Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K.................................................. 30 SIGNATURES.................................................................................. 31 </Table> 2 3 PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED) (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) <Table> <Caption> OCTOBER 31, JULY 31, 2000 2001 ------------ ------------ ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents .............................................. $ 42,447 $ 50,719 Short-term investments ................................................. 17,591 10,000 ------------ ------------ Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments ............. 60,038 60,719 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $231 and $375, respectively ...................................... 5,590 4,206 Inventories, net ....................................................... 3,918 3,023 Prepaids and other current assets ...................................... 2,037 1,539 ------------ ------------ Total current assets ................................................ 71,583 69,487 Notes receivable from related party, net .................................. 159 195 Property and equipment, net ............................................... 10,062 11,395 Intangibles, net .......................................................... 35,686 1,067 Other assets .............................................................. 558 745 ------------ ------------ Total assets ....................................................... $ 118,048 $ 82,889 ============ ============ LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable ....................................................... $ 4,852 $ 6,607 Accrued expenses ....................................................... 2,933 2,283 Accrued warranty costs ................................................. 414 574 Deferred revenue ....................................................... 1,097 924 ------------ ------------ Total current liabilities ........................................... 9,296 10,388 Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity: Common stock, $.001 par value, 175,000,000 shares authorized, 27,690,673 and 27,948,153 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ........................................................ 28 28 Additional paid-in capital ............................................. 183,390 185,453 Deferred stock-based compensation ...................................... (9,734) (4,969) Notes receivable from stockholders ..................................... (249) (166) Accumulated deficit .................................................... (64,448) (107,588) Treasury stock at cost (405,961 and 445,164 shares, respectively) ...... (235) (257) ------------ ------------ Total stockholders' equity .......................................... 108,752 72,501 ------------ ------------ Total liabilities and stockholders' equity .......................... $ 118,048 $ 82,889 ============ ============ </Table> The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 3 4 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) <Table> <Caption> THREE MONTHS ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, JULY 31, --------------------------- ---------------------------- 2000 2001 2000 2001 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Revenue: Product revenue ................................................. $ 4,630 $ 7,731 $ 24,309 $ 27,441 Other revenue ................................................... 149 699 386 1,177 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Total revenue .............................................. 4,779 8,430 24,695 28,618 Cost of revenue (including stock-based compensation expense of $73, $28, $242 and $100, respectively) ............... 4,189 5,240 14,578 16,253 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Gross profit ......................................................... 590 3,190 10,117 12,365 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Operating expenses: Sales and marketing (including stock-based compensation expense of $3,926, $54, $4,305 and $189, respectively) ..... 7,270 3,751 12,882 12,245 Research and development (including stock-based compensation expense of $131, $52, $444 and $399, respectively) .............................................. 4,187 4,572 9,322 12,936 General and administrative (including stock-based compensation expense of $2,154, $1,145, $20,417 and $5,318, respectively) .................................. 4,367 3,806 26,267 12,857 Amortization of intangibles ..................................... 3,596 2,418 5,212 9,610 Write-down of intangibles ....................................... -- 25,007 -- 25,007 Litigation settlement ........................................... -- (15,000) -- (15,000) ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Total operating expenses ................................... 19,420 24,554 53,683 57,655 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Loss from operations ................................................. (18,830) (21,364) (43,566) (45,290) Other income (expense): Interest income ................................................. 1,003 583 3,302 2,265 Interest expense ................................................ (2) -- (33) -- Other income (expense) .......................................... (1) (1) (87) 15 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Other income, net .......................................... 1,000 582 3,182 2,280 ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Net loss before cumulative effect of accounting change ............... (17,830) (20,782) (40,384) (43,010) Cumulative effect of accounting change ............................... -- -- -- (130) ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Net loss ............................................................. $ (17,830) $ (20,782) $ (40,384) $ (43,140) ============ ============ ============ ============ Basic and diluted net loss per share: Before cumulative effect of accounting change ................... $ (0.67) $ (0.75) $ (1.55) $ (1.56) Cumulative effect of accounting change .......................... -- -- -- (0.01) ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ Basic and diluted net loss per share ....................... $ (0.67) $ (0.75) $ (1.55) $ (1.57) ============ ============ ============ ============ Pro forma amounts assuming accounting change is applied retroactively: Net loss ........................................................ $ 17,136 $ -- $ 40,554 $ -- Net loss per share, basic and diluted ........................... $ (0.64) $ -- $ (1.55) $ -- Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share ........ 26,677,275 27,535,887 26,134,537 27,408,137 ============ ============ ============ ============ </Table> The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 4 5 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (IN THOUSANDS) <Table> <Caption> NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000 2001 ---------- ---------- Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss ..................................................... $ (40,384) $ (43,140) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Depreciation .............................................. 1,895 3,648 Amortization of intangibles ............................... 5,212 9,610 Write-down of intangibles ................................. -- 25,007 Stock-based compensation .................................. 25,408 6,006 Provision for doubtful accounts receivable ................ 123 144 Provision for excess and obsolete inventories ............. 1,942 656 Amortization of note receivable from related party ...... 5 -- Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ....................................... (898) 1,240 Inventories ............................................... (3,586) 239 Prepaids and other current assets ......................... (1,353) 498 Accounts payable .......................................... 2,194 1,755 Accrued expenses .......................................... 1,053 (650) Accrued warranty costs .................................... 23 160 Deferred revenue and other ................................ 505 (183) ---------- ---------- Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities ....... (7,861) 4,990 ---------- ---------- Cash flows from investing activities: Purchase of property and equipment ........................... (8,266) (4,981) Cash acquired, net of payments for business acquisitions ..... 1,013 -- Purchase of held-to-maturity investments ..................... (7,590) (11,967) Maturity of held-to-maturity investments ..................... 19,500 19,558 Payment of note receivable from related party ................ 59 59 Other assets ................................................. (138) (187) ---------- ---------- Net cash provided by investing activities ................. 4,578 2,482 ---------- ---------- Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of common stock ....................... 962 823 Costs associated with initial public offering ................ (115) -- Purchase of treasury stock ................................... (2) (22) Repayment of long-term indebtedness .......................... (2,356) -- Other ........................................................ (36) (1) ---------- ---------- Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities ....... (1,547) 800 ---------- ---------- Net increase in cash and cash equivalents ....................... (4,830) 8,272 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period .................. 61,320 42,447 ---------- ---------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of period ........................ $ 56,490 $ 50,719 ========== ========== </Table> The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 5 6 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Crossroads Systems, Inc. ("Crossroads" or the "Company") and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Headquartered in Austin, Texas, Crossroads, a Delaware corporation, is the leading provider of enterprise data center routing solutions for open system storage area networks ("SANs") including S/390 connections. Crossroads sells its products and services primarily to leading storage system and server original equipment manufacturers, distributors, resellers, system integrators and storage service providers. The Company is organized and operates as one business segment. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring entries), which, in the opinion of our management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and regulations. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes for the year ended October 31, 2000, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2001 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. Crossroads completed the acquisition of Polaris Communications, Inc. ("Polaris") during the second quarter of fiscal year 2000. This acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting (Note 2). 2. ACQUISITION OF POLARIS On March 21, 2000, Crossroads consummated its acquisition of Polaris. Polaris was a leading developer and marketer of S/390 mainframe communication interfaces and systems delivering increased connectivity and bandwidth options to enterprise data centers, focusing on high-speed connections between open-systems and mainframes. The aggregate purchase price of $46.6 million consisted of the issuance of 428,625 shares of Crossroads common stock valued at approximately $44.5 million, the issuance of 21,375 options to purchase Crossroads common stock valued at approximately $1.9 million and $0.2 million of other direct acquisition costs. The results of operations of Polaris and the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are included in Crossroads' financial statements from the date of acquisition. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on Crossroads' estimates of fair value. The fair value assigned to intangible assets acquired was based on a valuation prepared by an independent third-party appraisal company and consists of proven research and development, the in-place workforce and the installed customer base. The purchase price exceeded the amounts allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed by approximately $41.3 million. The assigned values are being amortized on a straight-line basis. Amortization of intangibles totaled approximately $3.6 and $2.4 million for the three months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively. During the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2001, in response to uncertain macroeconomic conditions and the resulting decline in demand and product revenue, management reassessed Crossroads' product strategy, initiated a market sizing exercise on its core business and examined the expense structure in an attempt to realign its business plan to achieve profitability. The strategic review triggered a reduction in force and an impairment evaluation of the intangible assets related to the Polaris acquisition as there were indications that the carrying amounts might not be recoverable based on the expected undiscounted cash flows from the Polaris business unit. Based on a valuation prepared by an independent third-party appraisal company, Crossroads recorded a write-down of these intangible assets totaling $25.0 million. 6 7 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) The Company's allocation of the purchase price and the resulting assigned values for the net assets acquired are as follows: <Table> <Caption> VALUE ASSIGNED AMORTIZABLE TO NET ASSETS LIFE BALANCE SHEET CATEGORY ACQUIRED (YEARS) - ---------------------- -------------- ----------- Intangible assets: Proven research and development .......... $ 1,030 5 - 7 In-place workforce ....................... 1,800 4 Customer base ............................ 340 5 Goodwill ................................. 41,324 3 -------- 44,494 Less: Accumulated amortization ................. (18,420) Write-down of intangibles ................ (25,007) -------- Intangible assets, net at July 31, 2001 ..... $ 1,067 ======== Other assets, net of liabilities assumed .... $ 2,121 ======== </Table> The following table represents unaudited consolidated pro forma information as if Crossroads and Polaris had been combined as of the beginning of the periods presented. The pro forma data is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the combined financial position or results of operations of future periods or the results that actually would have occurred had Crossroads and Polaris been a combined company during the specified periods. The pro forma combined results include the effects of the purchase price allocation, amortization of intangible assets, and certain adjustments required to conform to Crossroads' accounting policies. <Table> <Caption> PRO FORMA NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000 2001 -------- -------- Total revenue ........... $ 26,737 $ 28,618 Net loss ................ (46,031) (43,140) Net loss per share ...... $ (1.76) $ (1.57) </Table> 3. INVENTORIES Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Provisions, when required, are made to reduce excess and obsolete inventories to their estimated net realizable values. Inventories consist of the following: <Table> <Caption> OCTOBER 31, JULY 31, 2000 2001 ------------ ------------ Raw materials ................................................. $ 4,154 $ 3,741 Work-in-process ............................................... 183 55 Finished goods ................................................ 1,670 1,091 ------------ ------------ 6,007 4,887 Less: Allowance for excess and obsolete inventory ..... (2,089) (1,864) ------------ ------------ $ 3,918 3,023 ============ ============ </Table> 4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment consist of the following: <Table> <Caption> OCTOBER 31, JULY 31, 2000 2001 ------------ ------------ Equipment .................................................. $ 12,013 $ 16,782 Furniture and fixtures ..................................... 1,911 1,977 Leasehold improvements ..................................... 916 916 ------------ ------------ 14,840 19,675 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization ... (4,778) (8,280) ------------ ------------ $ 10,062 $ 11,395 ============ ============ </Table> 7 8 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 5. CONCENTRATIONS The Company's sales are primarily concentrated in the United States and are primarily derived from sales to original equipment manufacturers in the computer storage and server industry. The Company had trade accounts receivable from four customers, which comprised approximately 51% and 53% of total trade accounts receivable at October 31, 2000 and July 31, 2001, respectively. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable balances and provides allowances for potential credit losses and product sales returns. The Company's products are concentrated in the storage area network industry that is highly competitive and subject to rapid technological change. The Company's supplier arrangement for the production of certain vital components of its storage routers is concentrated with a small number of key suppliers. Revenue is concentrated with several major customers. The loss of a major customer, a change of suppliers or significant technological change in the industry could affect operating results adversely. The percentage of sales to significant customers was as follows: <Table> <Caption> YEAR ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED OCTOBER 31, JULY 31, 2000 2001 ----------- ----------------- Customer A........................... 33% 2% Customer B........................... 21% 21% Customer C........................... 7% 10% Customer D........................... 6% 17% </Table> The level of sales to any customer may vary from quarter to quarter. However, we expect that significant customer concentration will continue for the foreseeable future. The loss of any one of these customers, or a decrease in the level of sales to any one of these customers, could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations. During April 2001, Advanced Digital Information Corporation ("ADIC"), Customer C above, informed the Company that it intends to transition out of its router products upon consummation of its acquisition of Pathlight Technology, Inc. ("Pathlight"), which they subsequently completed on May 11, 2001. Sales to ADIC were approximately $2.3 million and $3.0 million during the year ended October 31, 2000 and the nine months ended July 31, 2001, respectively. In April, we decided to write off inventory specifically related to ADIC resulting in a charge of $47,000. 6. LINE OF CREDIT In January 2001, the Company extended its existing line of credit with its bank. The committed revolving line is an advance of up to $3 million with a borrowing base of 80% of eligible accounts receivable. The line of credit matures on February 1, 2002. 7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Legal Proceedings On March 31, 2000, Crossroads filed a lawsuit against Chaparral Network Storage, Inc. ("Chaparral") alleging that Chaparral has infringed one of its patents (5,941,972, hereinafter "972 patent") with some of their products. In September, the jury found that the 972 patent was valid and that all of Chaparral's RAID and router products that contained LUN Zoning have infringed all claims of the Crossroads 972 patent. As a result, the Company was awarded damages with a royalty amount of 5% for Chaparral's router product line and 3% for their RAID product line. Crossroads will be pursuing an injunction based on the jury's finding of infringement. The federal judge in this matter will consider assessing punitive damages, which could treble the actual damages. The Court will also consider the imposition of reasonable attorney's fees. 8 9 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) On April 14, 2000, Crossroads filed a lawsuit against Pathlight Technology, Inc. alleging that Pathlight has infringed one of its patents with their SAN Data Gateway Router. Pathlight was subsequently acquired by ADIC on May 11, 2001. In June 2001, ADIC paid the Company $15.0 million in connection with the settlement of this lawsuit, this payment was recognized in the statement of operations for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2001. In connection with the settlement of the lawsuit, the Company granted ADIC a non-exclusive license under the related patent. On May 19, 2000, Chaparral filed a counter-suit against Crossroads alleging tortuous interference with prospective business relations. The lawsuit was filed in District Court, Boulder County, Colorado and Chaparral is seeking injunctive relief as well as damages. Chaparral claims that the Company has made statements that Chaparral has infringed the Company's patent rights and that these statements are false and defamatory. The Company moved to have this matter dismissed, which the judge ordered, with prejudice in April 2001. The Company and several of its officers and directors were named as defendants in several class action lawsuits filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. The plaintiffs in the actions purport to represent purchasers of our common stock during various periods ranging from January 25, 2000 through August 24, 2000. The Court consolidated the actions and appointed a lead plaintiff under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The amended consolidated complaint was filed in February 2001. The plaintiffs are seeking unspecified amounts of compensatory damages, interests and costs, including legal fees. The Company continues to deny the allegations in the complaint and intends to defend itself vigorously. On August 10, 2001, the court denied the Company's motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint. The class action lawsuit is still at an early stage. Consequently, it is not possible at this time to predict whether the Company will incur any liability or to estimate the damages, or the range of damages, if any, that the Company might incur in connection with this lawsuit. The inability of the Company to prevail in this action could have a material adverse effect on the Company's future business, financial condition and results of operations. Other If the Company reduces or cancels production orders with its third party contract manufacturer, the Company may be required to reimburse its contract manufacturer for materials purchased on its behalf. 8. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION In connection with the grant of certain stock options to our employees and directors, the Company recorded deferred compensation aggregating $19.6 million in 1998, 1999, 2000, and the nine months ended July 31, 2001, representing the difference between the deemed fair value of the common stock underlying these options and their exercise price at the date of grant. Such amount is presented as a reduction of stockholders' equity and is being amortized over the vesting period of the applicable individual options, generally four years. Deferred compensation expense is decreased in the period of forfeiture for any accrued but unvested compensation arising from the early termination of an option holder's services. Of the total deferred compensation amount, approximately $14.6 million has been amortized as of July 31, 2001. The Company allocates stock-based compensation to specific line items within the statement of operations based on the classification of the employees who received the benefit. Stock-based compensation for the periods indicated was allocated as follows (in thousands): <Table> <Caption> THREE MONTHS ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, JULY 31, ------------------- ------------------- 2000 2001 2000 2001 -------- -------- -------- -------- Cost of revenue .................................. $ 73 $ 28 $ 242 $ 100 Sales and marketing .............................. 3,926 54 4,305 189 Research and development ......................... 131 52 444 399 General and administrative ....................... 2,154 1,145 20,417 5,318 -------- -------- -------- -------- Total stock-based compensation .... $ 6,284 $ 1,279 $ 25,408 $ 6,006 ======== ======== ======== ======== </Table> 9 10 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) We expect to amortize the remaining amounts of deferred stock-based compensation as of July 31, 2001 in the periods indicated (in thousands): <Table> <Caption> YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31, ---------------------------------------------------- 2001 2002 2003 2004 TOTAL -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Cost of revenue ............................. $ 23 $ 56 $ 12 $ -- $ 91 Sales and marketing ......................... 26 64 13 -- 103 Research and development .................... 42 98 20 -- 160 General and administrative .................. 965 2,542 1,011 97 4,615 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Total stock-based compensation ...... $ 1,056 $ 2,760 $ 1,056 $ 97 $ 4,969 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== </Table> 9. NET LOSS PER SHARE In accordance with SFAS No. 128, "Earnings Per Share," ("SFAS No. 128") basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, less shares subject to repurchase. Diluted earnings per share is computed by giving effect to all dilutive potential common shares that were outstanding during the period. Basic earnings per share excludes the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents such as stock options, while earnings per share, assuming dilution, includes such dilutive effects. Future weighted-average shares outstanding calculations will be impacted by the following factors: (i) the ongoing issuance of common stock associated with stock option exercises; (ii) the issuance of common shares associated with our employee stock purchase program; (iii) any fluctuations in our stock price, which could cause changes in the number of common stock equivalents included in the earnings per share, assuming dilution computation; and (iv) the issuance of common stock to effect business combinations should we enter into such transactions. The Company has excluded all outstanding stock options from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because all such securities are antidilutive for all periods presented. The total number of common stock equivalents excluded from the calculations of diluted net loss per common share were 4,721,061 and 5,564,803 for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively. 10. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging Activities," (SFAS No. 133) which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. SFAS No. 133, as amended by SFAS No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133," is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. The Company does not currently engage or plan to engage in hedging activities or intend to own or plan to purchase any derivative instruments. In March 2000, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 44, "Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation - an interpretation of APB Opinion 25," ("Interpretation No. 44") which is generally effective July 1, 2000. Interpretation No. 44 clarifies the application of APB Opinion 25 for certain matters, specifically (a) the definition of an employee for purposes of applying APB Opinion 25, (b) the criteria for determining whether a plan qualifies as a non-compensatory plan, (c) the accounting consequence of various modifications to the terms of a previously fixed stock option or award, and (d) the accounting for an exchange of stock compensation awards in a business combination. The adoption of Interpretation No. 44 did not have a material impact on the financial position or the results of operations. In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff released Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements," ("SAB No. 101") which provides guidance on the recognition, presentation and disclosure of revenue in financial statements. SAB No. 101 is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1999. Effective November 1, 2000, the Company adopted SAB 101. The adoption of SAB 101 resulted in a change in method of revenue recognition for certain product shipments due to the specified shipping terms for these shipments. The cumulative effect of this accounting change was $130,000, which has been included in net loss for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. Prior period financial statements have not been restated to apply SAB 101 retroactively, however, the pro forma amounts included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations reflect the net loss and net loss per share assuming the Company had retroactively applied SAB 101 to all periods presented. 10 11 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations," ("SFAS 141") which requires that all business combinations be accounted for under the purchase method and defines the criteria for identifying intangible assets for recognition apart from goodwill. SFAS 141 applies to business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 and all business combinations accounted for using the purchase method for which the acquisition date is July 1, 2001 or later. The Company has not initiated any business combinations subsequent to June 30, 2001; therefore, the adoption SFAS No. 141 will not have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations. In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," ("SFAS No. 142") which changes how goodwill and other intangible assets are accounted for subsequent to their initial recognition. Under this standard, goodwill and other intangibles assets having indefinite useful lives are no longer amortized, but are subjected to periodic assessments of impairment. SFAS No. 142 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating SFAS No. 142 and the effect it may have on our financial statements. As of this date, the Company does not expect SFAS No. 142 to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. In the event that SFAS No. 142 is determined to have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations, the Company would be required to report such changes no later than the quarter ending January 31, 2002. 11 12 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. This report contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements concerning: growth and future operating results; developments in our markets and strategic focus; new products and product enhancements; potential acquisitions and the integration of acquired businesses, products and technologies; strategic relationships; and future economic, business and regulatory conditions. Such forward-looking statements are generally accompanied by words such as "plan," "estimate," "expect," "believe," "should," "would," "could," "anticipate," "may" or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes. These forward-looking statements and other statements made elsewhere in this report are made in reliance on the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. OVERVIEW We are the leading provider of enterprise data center routing solutions for open system storage area networks, based on our market share of storage routers shipped. Storage routers are computer equipment that organizations use to connect servers and storage systems together in a storage area network, or SAN. A SAN is a high-speed computer network that facilitates data transfers among servers and storage systems using high performance data communications that follow the industry-accepted rules and conventions, which are commonly referred to as computer protocols. By using our storage routers to serve as the interconnect between SANs and the other devices in a computer network, organizations are able to more effectively and efficiently store, manage and ensure the integrity and availability of their data. Specifically, when used in storage area networks our storage routers improve utilization of storage resources, and preserve and enhance existing server and storage system investments. Our mission is to be the company customers trust to link business with information regardless of technology or location. Our objective is to maintain our position as the leading provider of storage routing solutions as storage, server, and network technologies and markets continue to grow and evolve. Our strategy includes key elements such as providing products compatible with existing technologies to ensure connectivity for our customers, delivering products that are on the cutting edge of technology, expanding field sales force with coverage of key regional and OEM accounts, expanding distribution channels, emphasizing quality through our Crossroads Quality Management (CQM) Program and ensuring broad interoperability with CV-SAN testing and verification program with leading software vendors. We have developed or acquired extensive expertise in several different input-output (I/O) and networking protocols, including small computer system interface (SCSI), Fibre Channel, Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and InfiniBand. We have applied this expertise in these protocols to develop solutions for leading server and storage system providers such as ACAL, ADIC, ATL, Bell Micro, Compaq, Cranel, Datalink, Dell, Fujitsu-Siemens, Groupe Bull, Hewlett-Packard, Hitachi Data Systems, IBM, McDATA, SANrise, StorageTek, Sun Microsystems, Tech Data and Unisys. We expanded our product line with the launch of our 4x50 family of storage routers. The 4x50 line enables companies to realize the benefits of managing their mission critical data using applications such as LAN-free and server-free backup. The 4x50 provides the broadest array of connectivity options for the departmental workgroup through the enterprise customer. During the three months ended July 31, 2001, we launched the 8000 storage router, which includes the Crossroads Visual Manager tm management software that increases intelligence on the SAN. The 8000 is the first in a new line of multi-protocol storage routers designed to connect storage devices into Fibre Channel and internet small computer system interface (iSCSI) storage networks, and InfiniBand fabrics. To date, we have sold our products primarily to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, of servers and storage systems. These computer equipment manufacturers sell our storage routers to end-user organizations for use in their storage area networks. We also sell our storage routers through companies that distribute, resell or integrate our storage routers as part of a complete SAN solution. Recently, we have also begun to establish relationships to sell our products through storage service providers, or SSPs, an important new class of service providers that provide storage-related services to customers within Internet data centers and large metropolitan areas. A few OEM customers historically have accounted for a substantial portion of our revenue. During fiscal 1999 and 2000, sales to Compaq and StorageTek respectively accounted for 36% and 36%, and 33% and 21%. During the nine months ended July 31, 2001, sales to Compaq and StorageTek respectively accounted for 2% and 21% of our total revenue. This decrease in sales to Compaq and StorageTek during the nine months ended July 31, 2001 was offset by higher revenue through our expanded OEM revenue base including a new OEM relationship with Sun Microsystems under which medium to large businesses are given more 12 13 bandwidth for data movement between Sun servers and S/390 class mainframes, where more than half of the world's data is stored and managed. This broadened revenue base was also evidenced by volume from our top nine customers representing 75% of our total revenue, four of which individually accounted for 10% or more of our revenue, during the nine months ended July 31, 2001. In the past, we have experienced fluctuation in the timing of orders from our OEM customers, and we expect to continue to experience these fluctuations in the future. During April 2001, ADIC informed us that it intends to transition out of our router products upon consummation of its acquisition of Pathlight Technology, Inc., which they subsequently completed on May 11, 2001. In April, we decided to write off inventory specifically related to ADIC resulting in a charge of $47,000. Other fluctuations have resulted from, among other things, OEM customers placing initial orders for our products for purposes of qualification and testing. As a result, we may report an increase in sales or a commencement of sales of a product in a quarter that will not be followed by similar sales in subsequent quarters as OEMs conduct qualification and testing. In June 2001, we received $15.0 million from ADIC in connection with the settlement of our patent infringement lawsuit filed against Pathlight Technology, Inc. Pathlight was acquired by ADIC in May 2001. In connection with the settlement of the lawsuit, we granted ADIC a non-exclusive license under the related patent. In March 2000, we consummated our acquisition of Polaris Communications, Inc. Polaris was a leading developer and marketer of System 390, or S/390, mainframe communication interfaces and systems delivering increased connectivity and bandwidth options to enterprise data centers, focusing on high-speed connections between open-systems and mainframes. During the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2001, in response to deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and the resulting decline in demand and product revenue, we reassessed our product strategy, initiated a market sizing exercise on our core business and examined our expense structure in an attempt to realign our business plan to achieve profitability. The strategic review triggered a reduction in force and an impairment evaluation of the intangible assets related to the Polaris acquisition because of indications that the carrying amounts might not be recoverable based on the expected undiscounted cash flows from the Polaris business unit. Based on a valuation prepared by an independent third-party appraisal company, we recorded a write-down of these intangible assets totaling $25.0 million. A key element of our growth strategy is to expand our sales channels. To this end, we have established relationships with a number of distributors, resellers, storage service providers and system integrators. Our worldwide distribution channel accounted for approximately 4%, 10%, and 9% of our total sales during the fiscal years 1999, 2000, and the nine months ended July 31, 2001, respectively. Although we anticipate that revenue derived from sales to distributors, resellers and system integrators and through SSPs will increase as a percentage of our total revenue in future periods, we expect to continue to experience significant customer concentration in sales to key OEM accounts for the foreseeable future. With respect to sales of our products to OEMs, we recognize product revenue when products are shipped and risk of loss has passed to the OEM. Product sales to distributors, resellers and system integrators who do not have return rights are recognized at the time of shipment. To the extent that we sell products to distributors, resellers and system integrators that have rights of return, we defer revenue and the related cost of revenue associated with such sales and recognize these amounts when that customer sells our products to its customers. At July 31, 2001, our deferred revenue totaled $924,000. We provide a repair or replace warranty of between 15 and 39 months following the sale of our products, and we provide a reserve for warranty costs when the related product revenue is recognized. In connection with the grant of stock options to our employees and directors, we recorded deferred compensation during fiscal 1998, 1999, 2000, and nine months ended July 31, 2001 aggregating approximately $19.6 million. Deferred compensation represents, for accounting purposes, the difference between the deemed fair value of the common stock underlying these options and their exercise price on the date of grant. The difference has been recorded as deferred stock-based compensation and is being amortized over the vesting period of the applicable options, typically four years. Of the total deferred compensation amount, approximately $14.6 million has been amortized as of July 31, 2001. Stock-based compensation for the periods indicated was allocated as follows (in thousands): <Table> <Caption> THREE MONTHS ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, JULY 31, ------------------- ------------------- 2000 2001 2000 2001 -------- -------- -------- -------- Cost of revenue .................................. $ 73 $ 28 $ 242 $ 100 Sales and marketing .............................. 3,926 54 4,305 189 Research and development ......................... 131 52 444 399 General and administrative ....................... 2,154 1,145 20,417 5,318 -------- -------- -------- -------- Total stock-based compensation .... $ 6,284 $ 1,279 $ 25,408 $ 6,006 ======== ======== ======== ======== </Table> 13 14 We expect to amortize the remaining amounts of deferred stock-based compensation as of July 31, 2001 in the periods indicated (in thousands): <Table> <Caption> YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31, ---------------------------------------------------- 2001 2002 2003 2004 TOTAL -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Cost of revenue ............................. $ 23 $ 56 $ 12 $ -- $ 91 Sales and marketing ......................... 26 64 13 -- 103 Research and development .................... 42 98 20 -- 160 General and administrative .................. 965 2,542 1,011 97 4,615 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Total stock-based compensation ...... $ 1,056 $ 2,760 $ 1,056 $ 97 $ 4,969 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== </Table> We have seven patents issued, two allowed and seventeen patent applications pending in the United States Patent and Trademark Office with respect to our technology. We have twenty-four pending international patent applications (three in Australia, six in Canada, seven in the European Patent Office, two in Hong Kong, and six in Japan). We also have eleven international patent applications pending under the Patent Cooperation Treaty. However, none of our patents, including patents that may be issued in the future, may adequately protect our technology from infringement or prevent others from claiming that our technology infringes that of third parties. Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could materially harm our business. In addition, our competitors may independently develop similar or superior technology. We have incurred significant operating losses in every fiscal quarter and annual period since November 1, 1995 and our accumulated deficit was $107.6 million at July 31, 2001. As of July 31, 2001, we had approximately $57.7 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards. These net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2011. We have not recognized any benefit from the future use of loss carryforwards for these periods or for any other periods since inception due to uncertainties regarding the realization of deferred tax assets based on our taxable earnings history. 14 15 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following table sets forth our consolidated financial data for the periods indicated expressed as a percentage of our total revenue, including the aforementioned allocation of stock-based compensation for all periods presented. See Item 1, Financial Statements (Unaudited) - Note 7 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. <Table> <Caption> THREE MONTHS ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, JULY 31, --------------------- --------------------- 2000 2001 2000 2001 -------- -------- -------- -------- Revenue: Product revenue ................................ 96.9% 91.7% 98.4% 95.9% Other revenue .................................. 3.1 8.3 1.6 4.1 -------- -------- -------- -------- Total revenue ............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Cost of revenue ....................................... 87.7 62.2 59.0 56.8 -------- -------- -------- -------- Gross profit .......................................... 12.3 37.8 41.0 43.2 Operating expenses: Sales and marketing ............................ 152.1 44.5 52.2 42.8 Research and development ....................... 87.6 54.2 37.7 45.2 General and administrative ..................... 91.4 45.2 106.4 44.9 Amortization of intangibles .................... 75.2 28.7 21.1 33.6 Write-down of intangibles ...................... -- 296.6 -- 87.4 Litigation settlement .......................... -- (177.9) -- (52.4) -------- -------- -------- -------- Total operating expenses ................. 406.3 291.3 217.4 201.5 -------- -------- -------- -------- Loss from operations .................................. (394.0) (253.5) (176.4) (158.3) Other income, net ..................................... 20.9 6.9 12.9 8.0 -------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss before cumulative effect of acct change ...... (373.1) (246.6) (163.5) (150.3) Cumulative effect of accounting change ................ -- -- -- (0.5) -------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss .............................................. (373.1)% (246.6)% (163.5)% (150.8)% ======== ======== ======== ======== </Table> COMPARISON OF THREE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000 AND 2001 Revenue. Total revenue increased 76.4% from $4.8 million for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to $8.4 million for the three months ended July 31, 2001. Without the inclusion of Polaris products and services, total revenue increased 144% for the three months ended July 31, 2001 compared to the same period in fiscal 2000. Product revenue. Product revenue increased 67.0% from $4.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to $7.7 million for the three months ended July 31, 2001. As a percentage of total revenue, product revenue decreased from 96.9% for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to 91.7% for the three months ended July 31, 2001. This increase in product revenue, however, was substantially related to a product return of approximately $1.1 million resulting from StorageTek's shift in demand to our newer products during the comparable three months ended July 31, 2000. In addition, we have increased our customer base and increased sales to our other significant OEM and channel customers as evidenced by volume from our top four customers representing 75.0%, three of which individually accounted for 10.0% or more of our revenue. In addition, our distribution channel accounted for 7.2% of our total revenue. Other revenue. Other revenue includes sales of licenses for a software developer's kit, consulting fees and fees received from the licensing of other intellectual property. Other revenue increased 370.5% from $149,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to $699,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2001. During the three months ended July 31, 2001, we recognized approximately $610,000 in other revenue associated with granting a license to use certain technology acquired from Polaris. We expect to recognize the remaining $165,000 of this fee during the three months ended October 31, 2001. Cost of revenue and gross profit. Cost of revenue consists primarily of contract manufacturing costs, materials costs, manufacturing overhead, warranty costs and stock-based compensation. Cost of revenue, net of stock-based compensation of $73,000 and $28,000 during the three months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, increased 26.6% from $4.1 million for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to $5.2 million for the three months ended July 31, 2001. Gross profit, net of stock-based compensation, increased 385.2% from $663,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to $3.2 million for the three months ended July 31, 2001. 15 16 This increase in gross margin, however, was substantially related to a $1.3 million write-down of inventory resulting from the aforementioned shift in demand and Compaq's plan to transition out of our 4100/4200 router solutions during the comparable three months ended July 31, 2000. Gross profit margin, net of stock-based compensation, increased from 13.9% for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to 38.2% for the three months ended July 31, 2001. Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions and other personnel-related costs, travel expenses, advertising programs, other promotional activities and stock-based compensation. Sales and marketing expenses, net of stock-based compensation of $3.9 million and $54,000 during the three months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, increased 10.5% from $3.3 million for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to $3.7 million for the three months ended July 31, 2001. This increase in sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2001 was primarily due to the hiring of additional sales and marketing personnel resulting in approximately $441,000 of increased compensation expense. Sales and marketing personnel totaled 51 at July 31, 2000 and 60 at July 31, 2001. As a percentage of total revenue, sales and marketing expenses decreased from 152.1% for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to 44.5% for the three months ended July 31, 2001. We anticipate that sales and marketing expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue, due to our ongoing sales and marketing efforts and increased marketing activity that is intended to broaden awareness of the benefits of our products. Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, product development, prototyping expenses and stock-based compensation. Research and development expenses, net of increased stock-based compensation of $131,000 and $52,000 during the three months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, increased 11.4% from $4.1 million for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to $4.5 million for the three months ended July 31, 2001. This increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to the hiring of additional research and development personnel resulting in approximately $175,000 of increased compensation expense and approximately $115,000 of increased depreciation expense. Research and development personnel totaled 79 at July 31, 2000 and 87 at July 31, 2001. As a percentage of total revenue, research and development expenses decreased from 87.6% for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to 54.2% for the three months ended July 31, 2001. We anticipate that research and development expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue, due to our ongoing research and development in developing our technologies and expanding our product offerings. General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, facilities and other costs of our administrative, executive and information technology departments, as well as legal and accounting expenses, insurance costs and stock-based compensation. General and administrative expenses, net of increased stock-based compensation of $2.2 million and $1.1 million during the three months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, increased 20.3% from $2.2 million for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to $2.7 million for the three months ended July 31, 2001. This increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to the hiring of administrative personnel resulting in approximately $375,000 of increased compensation expense for the three months ended July 31, 2001. General and administrative personnel totaled 38 at July 31, 2000 and 40 at July 31, 2001. As a percentage of total revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased from 91.4% for the three months ended July 31, 2000 to 45.2% for the three months ended July 31, 2001. We anticipate that general and administrative expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue, as we add related infrastructure and incur expenses related to being a public company. However, if our revenue continues to increase, general and administrative expenses should decrease as a percentage of total revenue. COMPARISON OF NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000 AND 2001 Revenue. Total revenue increased 15.9% from $24.7 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to $28.6 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. Without the inclusion of Polaris products and services, total revenue increased 10.6% for the nine months ended July 31, 2001 compared to the same period in fiscal 2000. Product revenue. Product revenue increased 12.9% from $24.3 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to $27.4 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. As a percentage of total revenue, product revenue decreased from 98.4% for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to 95.9% for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. The increase in product revenue resulted from increased sales of our storage router product family through an increased customer base and increased sales to our significant OEMs, customers, distributors, resellers and system integrators in conjunction with a growing demand for storage routers. This broadened revenue base was also evidenced by volume from our top nine customers representing 75.0% of our total revenue, four of which individually accounted for 10.0% or more of our revenue. In addition, we launched the Crossroads 4x50 line of high-performance intelligent routers that enable companies to realize the benefits of managing their mission critical data using applications such as server-free 16 17 backup and LAN-free backup while protecting the investments made in their current enterprise systems. Our 4x50 line accounted for approximately 14.1% and 58.5% of our product revenue during the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively. Other revenue. Other revenue includes sales of licenses for a software developer's kit, consulting fees and fees received from the licensing of other intellectual property. Other revenue increased 205.2% from $386,000 for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to $1.2 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. The increase for the nine months ended July 31, 2001 was due to the license of a product design and royalties of $244,000 in that period. In addition, we recognized approximately $610,000 in other revenue associated with a $775,000 fee received upon granting a license to use certain technology acquired from Polaris. We expect to recognize the remainder of the fee during the three months ended October 31, 2001. Cost of revenue and gross profit. Cost of revenue consists primarily of contract manufacturing costs, materials costs, manufacturing overhead, warranty costs and stock-based compensation. Cost of revenue, net of stock-based compensation of $242,000 and $100,000 during the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, increased 12.7% from $14.3 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to $16.2 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. Gross profit, net of stock-based compensation, increased 20.3% from $10.4 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to $12.5 for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. Gross profit margin, net of stock-based compensation, increased from 41.9% for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to 43.6% for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. This increase was primarily due to higher margin OEM product sales, a higher margin product mix and significantly improved revenue linearity during the period. Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions and other personnel-related costs, travel expenses, advertising programs, other promotional activities and stock-based compensation. Sales and marketing expenses, net of stock-based compensation of $4.3 million and $189,000 during the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, increased 40.6% from $8.6 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to $12.1 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. This increase in sales and marketing expenses for the nine months ended July 31, 2001 was primarily due to increased consulting and professional services of approximately $172,000, increased tradeshow related expenses of approximately $90,000, increased equipment related expenses of approximately $245,000, increased depreciation of approximately $170,000 and the hiring of additional sales and marketing personnel resulting in approximately $2.6 million of increased compensation expense. Sales and marketing personnel totaled 51 at July 31, 2000 and 60 at July 31, 2001. As a percentage of total revenue, sales and marketing expenses decreased from 52.2% for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to 42.8% for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. We anticipate that sales and marketing expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue, due to our ongoing sales and marketing efforts and increased marketing activity that is intended to broaden awareness of the benefits of our products. Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, product development, prototyping expenses and stock-based compensation. Research and development expenses, net of increased stock-based compensation of $444,000 and $399,000 during the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, increased 41.2% from $8.9 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to $12.5 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. This increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to the hiring of additional research and development personnel resulting in approximately $1.7 million of increased compensation expense, increased prototyping costs of approximately $164,000 related to the ongoing development of an expanded product line, increased consulting and professional services of approximately $1.2 million and approximately $415,000 of increased depreciation expense. Research and development personnel totaled 79 at July 31, 2000 and 87 at July 31, 2001. As a percentage of total revenue, research and development expenses increased from 37.7% for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to 45.2% for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. We anticipate that research and development expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue, due to our ongoing research and development in developing our technologies and expanding our product offerings. General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs, facilities and other costs of our administrative, executive and information technology departments, as well as legal and accounting expenses, insurance costs and stock-based compensation. General and administrative expenses, net of increased stock-based compensation of $20.4 million and $5.3 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, increased 28.9% from $5.9 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to $7.5 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. This increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to increased legal costs associated with patent infringement lawsuits of approximately $1.9 million. As a percentage of total revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased from 106.4% for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 to 44.9% for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. We anticipate that general and administrative expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue, as we add related infrastructure and incur expenses related to being a public company. However, if our revenue continues to increase, general and administrative expenses should decrease as a percentage of total revenue. 17 18 LITIGATION SETTLEMENT During the three months ended July 31, 2000, we received $15.0 million from ADIC in connection with the settlement of our patent infringement lawsuit filed against Pathlight Technology, Inc. Pathlight was acquired by ADIC in May 2001. In connection with the settlement of the lawsuit, we granted ADIC a non-exclusive license under the related patent. OTHER INCOME, NET Other income, net. Other income, net consists primarily of interest income on short-term investments partially offset by interest expense. Other income, net was $3.2 million and $2.3 million in the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, representing 12.9% and 8.0% of total revenue respectively. The decrease in other income, net was primarily due to decreased interest income on short-term investments resulting from weakening macro-economic conditions and, thus, lower yields on our investments. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Our principal sources of liquidity at July 31, 2001 consisted of $50.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and $10.0 million in short-term investments. In January 2001, the Company extended its existing line of credit with Silicon Valley Bank. The committed revolving line is an advance of up to $3.0 million with a borrowing base of 80% of eligible accounts receivable. The line of credit matures on February 1, 2002. As of July 31, 2001, there were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving line of credit and no term loans outstanding. In February 2000, we entered into a $1.0 million letter of credit in connection with the lease requirements of our new facility. Cash utilized by operating activities was $7.9 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 as compared to cash provided by operating activities of $5.0 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. The increase in net cash provided reflects a decrease in working capital required to fund the expansion of our operations of approximately $5.1 million in addition to an increase in non-cash items such as the write-down of intangibles, depreciation, amortization and stock based compensation of approximately $7.7 million. Cash provided by investing activities was $4.6 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 as compared to $2.5 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. The decrease in net cash provided reflected the maturity of held-to-maturity investments, net of purchases, of $7.6 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2001 compared to $11.9 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2000 offset by a decrease in capital expenditures during the period. Capital expenditures were $8.3 million and $5.0 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively. These expenditures reflect our investments in computer equipment and software, test equipment, software development tools and leasehold improvements, all of which were required to support our business expansion. We anticipate additional capital expenditures through fiscal 2001 of at least $3.4 million. Cash utilized by financing activities was $1.5 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 as compared to cash provided by financing activities of $800,000 for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. The increase in net cash provided by financing activities reflected the payment of our existing debt of $2.4 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2000 offset by a decrease of approximately $139,000 in proceeds from issuance of common stock during the nine months ended July 31, 2001. We have funded our operations to date primarily through sales of preferred stock and our initial public offering, resulting in aggregate gross proceeds to us of $98.2 million (which amount includes the $12.0 million of proceeds received from the private placement of our Series E preferred stock in August 1999), product sales and, to a lesser extent, bank debt (equipment loan). We believe our existing cash balances and our credit facilities will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements beyond the next 12 months. However, we could be required or could elect to seek additional funding prior to that time. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts and expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, and market acceptance of our products. On March 21, 2000, we consummated our acquisition of Polaris Communications, 18 19 Inc. and we may enter into additional acquisitions or strategic arrangements in the future that also could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. We cannot assure you that additional equity or debt financing, if required, will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 133, "Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging Activities," which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. SFAS No. 133, as amended by SFAS No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133," is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. We do not currently engage or plan to engage in hedging activities or intend to own or plan to purchase any derivative instruments. In March 2000, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 44 "Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation - an interpretation of APB Opinion 25," ("Interpretation No. 44") which is generally effective July 1, 2000. Interpretation No. 44 clarifies the application of APB Opinion 25 for certain matters, specifically (a) the definition of an employee for purposes of applying APB Opinion 25, (b) the criteria for determining whether a plan qualifies as a non-compensatory plan, (c) the accounting consequence of various modifications to the terms of a previously fixed stock option or award, and (d) the accounting for an exchange of stock compensation awards in a business combination. The adoption of Interpretation No. 44 did not have a material impact on the financial position or the results of operations. In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff released Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements," ("SAB No. 101") which provides guidance on the recognition, presentation and disclosure of revenue in financial statements. SAB No. 101 is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1999. Effective November 1, 2000, we adopted SAB 101. The adoption of SAB 101 resulted in a change in method of revenue recognition for certain product shipments due to the specified shipping terms for these shipments. The cumulative effect of this accounting change was $130,000, which has been included in net loss for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. Prior period financial statements have not been restated to apply SAB 101 retroactively, however, the pro forma amounts included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations reflect the net loss and net loss per share assuming the Company had retroactively applied SAB 101 to all periods presented. In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations," ("SFAS 141") which requires that all business combinations be accounted for under the purchase method and defines the criteria for identifying intangible assets for recognition apart from goodwill. SFAS 141 applies to business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 and all business combinations accounted for using the purchase method for which the acquisition date is July 1, 2001 or later. We have not initiated any business combinations subsequent to June 30, 2001; therefore, the adoption SFAS No. 141 will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," ("SFAS No. 142") which changes how goodwill and other intangible assets are accounted for subsequent to their initial recognition. Under this standard, goodwill and other intangibles assets having indefinite useful lives are no longer amortized, but are subjected to periodic assessments of impairment. SFAS No. 142 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001. We are currently in the process of evaluating SFAS No. 142 and the effect it may have on our financial statements. As of this date, we do not expect SFAS No. 142 to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. In the event that SFAS No. 142 is determined to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations, we would be required to report such changes no later than the quarter ending January 31, 2002. 19 20 FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS In addition to the other information in this Form 10-Q, the following factors should be considered in evaluating Crossroads and our business. These factors include, but are not limited to the potential for significant losses to continue; our inability to accurately predict revenue and budget for expenses for future periods; fluctuations in revenue and operating results; class action securities litigation; overall market performance; limited product lines; limited number of OEM customers; lengthy OEM product qualification process; competition; delays in research and development; inventory risks; the inability to expand our distribution channels; the loss of our primary contract manufacturers; risks of delay or poor execution from a variety of sources; final assembly and test process; inventory risks; limited resources; pricing; dependence upon key personnel; international operations; product liability claims; the inability to protect our intellectual property rights, including any adverse outcome in our pending patent litigation with certain of our competitors; potential future acquisitions; concentration of ownership; volatility of stock price; and the impact on our results or operations due to changes in accounting standards, including the implementation of SAB 101 with respect to revenue recognition. The discussion below addresses some of these factors. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of or that we currently deem immaterial also may become important factors that affect us. WE HAVE INCURRED SIGNIFICANT LOSSES, WE EXPECT FUTURE LOSSES, AND WE MAY NEVER BECOME PROFITABLE. We have incurred significant losses in every fiscal quarter since fiscal 1996 and expect to continue to incur losses in the future. As of July 31, 2001, we had an accumulated deficit of $107.6 million. We cannot be certain that we will be able to sustain growth rates that we will need to realize sufficient revenue to achieve profitability. We also expect to incur significant sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses and, as a result, we expect to continue to incur losses. Moreover, even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability. DUE TO OUR LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY AND THE UNCERTAIN DEVELOPMENT OF THE STORAGE AREA NETWORK MARKET, WE MAY HAVE DIFFICULTY ACCURATELY PREDICTING REVENUE FOR FUTURE PERIODS AND APPROPRIATELY BUDGETING FOR EXPENSES. We have generated product revenue for approximately five years and, thus, we have only a short history from which to predict future revenue. This limited operating experience, combined with the rapidly evolving nature of the storage area network market in which we sell our products and other factors that are beyond our control, reduces our ability to accurately forecast our quarterly and annual revenue. However, we use our forecasted revenue to establish our expense budget. Most of our expenses are fixed in the short term or incurred in advance of anticipated revenue. As a result, we may not be able to decrease our expenses in a timely manner to offset any shortfall of revenue. WE HAVE EXPERIENCED AND EXPECT TO CONTINUE TO EXPERIENCE SIGNIFICANT PERIOD-TO-PERIOD FLUCTUATIONS IN OUR REVENUE AND OPERATING RESULTS, WHICH MAY RESULT OF VOLATILITY IN OUR STOCK PRICE. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience significant period-to-period fluctuations in our revenue and operating results due to a number of factors, and any such variations and factors may cause our stock price to fluctuate. Accordingly, you should not rely on the results of any past quarterly or annual periods as an indication of our future performance. It is likely that in some future period our operating results will be below the expectations of public market analysts or investors. If this occurs, our stock price may drop, perhaps significantly. A number of factors may particularly contribute to fluctuations in our revenue and operating results, including: o the timing of orders from, and product integration by, our customers, particularly our OEMs, and the tendency of these customers to change their order requirements frequently with little or no advance notice to us; o the rate of adoption of storage area networks as an alternative to existing data storage and management systems; o the ongoing need for storage routing products in storage area network architectures; 20 21 o the deferrals of customer orders in anticipation of new products, services or product enhancements from us or our competitors or from other providers of storage area network products; and o the rate at which new markets emerges for products we are currently developing. In addition, potential and existing OEM customers often place initial orders for our products for purposes of qualification and testing. As a result, we may report an increase in sales or a commencement of sales of a product in a quarter that will not be followed by similar sales in subsequent quarters as OEMs conduct qualification and testing. This order pattern has in the past and could in the future lead to fluctuations in quarterly revenue and gross profits. AN ADVERSE DECISION IN THE VARIOUS CLASS ACTION LAWSUITS FILED AGAINST US MAY HAVE A MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. We and several of our officers and directors were named as defendants in several class action lawsuits filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. The plaintiffs in the actions purport to represent purchasers of our common stock during various periods ranging from January 25, 2000 through August 24, 2000. The Court consolidated the actions and appointed a lead plaintiff under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The amended consolidated complaint was filed in February 2001 and we filed a motion to dismiss. The litigation is at an early stage and it is not possible at this time to predict whether we will incur any liability or to estimate the damages, or the range of damages, that we might incur in connection with such actions. An adverse judgment may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial performance. See Item 1, Financial Statements (Unaudited) - Note 6 to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. OUR BUSINESS IS DEPENDENT ON THE STORAGE AREA NETWORK MARKET WHICH IS NEW AND UNPREDICTABLE, AND IF THIS MARKET DOES NOT DEVELOP AND EXPAND AS WE ANTICIPATE, OUR BUSINESS WILL SUFFER. Fibre Channel-based storage area networks, or SANs, were first deployed in 1997. As a result, the market for SANs and related storage router products has only recently begun to develop and is rapidly evolving. Because this market is relatively new, it is difficult to predict its potential size or future growth rate. Substantially all of our products are used exclusively in SANs and, therefore, our business is dependent on the SAN market. Accordingly, the widespread adoption of SANs for use in organizations' computing systems is critical to our future success. Most of the organizations that potentially may purchase our products from our customers have invested substantial resources in their existing computing and data storage systems and, as a result, may be reluctant or slow to adopt a new approach like SANs. SANs are often implemented in connection with the deployment of new storage systems and servers. Therefore, our future success is also substantially dependent on the market for new storage systems and servers. Furthermore, the ability of the different components used in a SAN to function effectively, or interoperate, with each other when placed in a computing system has not yet been achieved on a widespread basis. Until greater interoperability is achieved, customers may be reluctant to deploy SANs. Our success in generating revenue in the emerging SAN market will depend on, among other things, our ability to: o educate potential OEM customers, distributors, resellers, system integrators, storage service providers and end-user organizations about the benefits of SANs and storage router technology, including, in particular, the ability to use storage routers with SANs to improve system backup and recovery processes; o maintain and enhance our relationships with OEM customers, distributors, resellers, system integrators, storage system providers and end-user organizations; o predict and base our products on standards which ultimately become industry standards; and o achieve interoperability between our products and other SAN components from diverse vendors. WE HAVE LIMITED PRODUCT OFFERINGS AND OUR SUCCESS DEPENDS ON OUR ABILITY TO DEVELOP IN A TIMELY MANNER NEW AND ENHANCED PRODUCTS THAT ACHIEVE MARKET ACCEPTANCE. We currently have only three principal products within our storage router product family that we sell in commercial quantities. In particular, sales of our 4100 and 4200 products have accounted for the vast majority of our product revenue to date. To reduce our dependence on these products, we must successfully develop and introduce to market new products and product enhancements in a timely manner. On September 1, 2000, we began notifying our customers that our 4100 product was at its "end of life." Customers 21 22 who purchased the 4100 product are migrating to our next generation of products that we refer to as the 4x50 product line. Sales of our 4x50 product accounted for approximately 11.0% and 58.8% of our product revenue during the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively. During the nine months ended July 31, 2001, we decided to "end of life" the 7100 product line and apply our knowledge in the SAN-to-SAN arena to the iSCSI market which we believe will be the open systems application having broad customer and industry support. During the three months ended July 31, 2001, we launched the 8000 storage router, which includes the Crossroads Visual Manager(tm) management software that increases intelligence on the SAN. The 8000 is the first in a new line of multi-protocol storage routers designed to connect storage devices into Fibre Channel and iSCSI storage networks, and InfiniBand fabrics. Even if we are able to develop and commercially introduce new products and enhancements, these new products or enhancements may not achieve market acceptance that could reduce our revenue. Factors that may affect the market acceptance of our products, some of which are beyond our control, include the following: o growth of, and changing requirements of customers within, the SAN and storage router markets; o performance, quality, price and total cost of ownership of our products; o availability, performance, quality and price of competing products and technologies; o our customer service and support capabilities and responsiveness; and o successful development of our relationships with existing and potential OEM, distributor, reseller, system integrator and storage system provider customers. WE DEPEND ON A LIMITED NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS FOR THE VAST MAJORITY OF OUR REVENUE. THE LOSS OF OR SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN ORDERS FROM ANY KEY CUSTOMERS WOULD SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE OUR REVENUE, AND THE FAILURE TO REPLACE REVENUE FROM COMPAQ, WOULD SUBSTANTIALLY HARM OUR FUTURE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. In fiscal 1998, 1999, 2000, and the nine months ended July 31, 2001, approximately 90%, 85%, 77%, and 68% of our revenue, respectively, was derived from six customers. In fiscal 2000, Compaq and StorageTek represented 33% and 21% of our total revenue, respectively. During the nine months ended July 31, 2001, ADIC, Compaq, Dell, Hewlett Packard and StorageTek represented 10.3%, 2.3%, 9.7%, 21.3% and 21.0% of our total revenue, respectively. During fiscal 2000, we recorded a $1.1 million return resulting from StorageTek's shift in demand to our newer products. Moreover, Compaq discontinued purchasing our 4100/4200 line of storage routers and plans to internally manufacture its own solution. In addition, in April 2001, ADIC informed us that it intends to transition out of our router products upon consummation of its acquisition of Pathlight Technology. If the level of StorageTek's purchases fails to return to previous levels and if we are unable to replace the revenue lost due to Compaq's and ADIC's transition away from our line of storage routers, our results of operations and future prospects will suffer. We rely on OEMs as a primary distribution channel as they are able to sell our products to a large number of end-user organizations, which enables us to achieve broad market penetration, with limited sales, marketing and customer service and support resources from us. Our operating results in the foreseeable future will continue to depend on sales to a relatively small number of OEM customers. Therefore, the loss of any of our key OEM customers, or a significant reduction in sales to any one of them, would significantly reduce our revenue. OUR OEM CUSTOMERS REQUIRE OUR PRODUCTS TO UNDERGO A LENGTHY AND EXPENSIVE QUALIFICATION PROCESS THAT DOES NOT ASSURE PRODUCT SALES. Prior to offering our products for sale, our OEM customers require that each of our products undergo an extensive qualification process, which involves interoperability testing of our product in the OEM's system as well as rigorous reliability testing. This qualification process may continue for a year or longer. However, qualification of a product by an OEM does not assure any sales of the product to the OEM. Despite this uncertainty, we devote substantial resources, including sales, marketing and management efforts, toward qualifying our products with OEMs in anticipation of sales to them. If we are unsuccessful or delayed in qualifying any products with an OEM, such failure or delay would preclude or delay sales of that product to the OEM, which may impede our ability to grow our business. 22 23 DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS DEPENDS SIGNIFICANTLY UPON THE NEED TO INTERCONNECT SCSI-BASED TAPE STORAGE SYSTEMS WITH FIBRE CHANNEL SANS, AND WE EXPECT TO FACE COMPETITION FROM MANUFACTURERS OF TAPE STORAGE SYSTEMS THAT INCORPORATE FIBRE CHANNEL INTERFACES INTO THEIR PRODUCTS. In traditional computer networks, system backup is accomplished by transferring data from applications and databases over the servers used in the network to tape drives or other media where the data is safely stored. Tape storage devices generally rely on an SCSI connection to interface with the network in receiving and transmitting data. Our routers enable these SCSI-based storage devices to interface with the Fibre Channel-based components of the SAN. Because our routers allow communication between SCSI storage devices and a Fibre Channel SAN, organizations are able to affect their backup processes over the SAN rather than through the computer network, enabling the servers of the network to remain available for other computing purposes. We currently derive the majority of our revenue from sales of storage routers that are used to connect SCSI-based tape storage systems with SANs. The introduction of tape storage systems that incorporate Fibre Channel interfaces would enable tape storage devices to communicate directly with SANs, without using storage routers. We are aware that a number of manufacturers of storage systems, including several of our current customers, are developing tape storage systems with embedded Fibre Channel interfaces, with products expected to be introduced to market in the near future. If these or other manufacturers are successful in introducing Fibre Channel-based storage systems, demand for our storage router products would be materially reduced and our revenue would decline. OUR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS ARE FOCUSED ON UTILIZING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND STANDARDS AND ANY DELAY OR ABANDONMENT OF EFFORTS TO DEVELOP THESE TECHNOLOGIES OR STANDARDS BY INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS, OR FAILURE OF THESE TECHNOLOGIES OR STANDARDS TO ACHIEVE MARKET ACCEPTANCE, COULD COMPROMISE OUR COMPETITIVE POSITION. Our products are intended to complement other SAN products to improve the performance of computer networks by addressing the input/output bottlenecks that have emerged between the storage systems and the servers within a computing system. We have devoted and expect to continue to devote significant resources to developing products based on emerging technologies and standards that reduce input/output bottlenecks. A number of large companies in the computer hardware and software industries are actively involved in the development of new technologies and standards that are expected to be incorporated in our new products. Should any of these companies delay or abandon their efforts to develop commercially available products based on these new technologies and standards, our research and development efforts with respect to such technologies and standards likely would have no appreciable value. In addition, if we do not correctly anticipate new technologies and standards, or if our products based on these new technologies and standards fail to achieve market acceptance, our competitors may be better able to address market demand than would we. Furthermore, if markets for these new technologies and standards develop later than we anticipate, or do not develop at all, demand for our products that are currently in development would suffer, resulting in less revenue for these products than we currently anticipate. WE ARE SUBJECT TO INCREASED INVENTORY RISKS AND COSTS BECAUSE WE MANUFACTURE PRODUCTS IN ADVANCE OF BINDING COMMITMENTS FROM OUR CUSTOMERS TO PURCHASE OUR PRODUCTS. In order to assure availability of our products for some of our largest OEM customers, we manufacture products in advance of purchase orders from these customers based on forecasts provided by them. However, these forecasts do not represent binding purchase commitments and we do not recognize revenue for such products until the product is shipped to the OEM. As a result, we incur inventory and manufacturing costs in advance of anticipated revenue. Because demand for our products may not materialize, this product delivery method subjects us to increased risks of high inventory carrying costs and increased obsolescence and may increase our operating costs. FAILURE TO EXPAND OUR DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS AND MANAGE OUR DISTRIBUTION RELATIONSHIPS COULD IMPEDE OUR FUTURE GROWTH. The future growth of our business will depend in part on our ability to expand our existing relationships with distributors, resellers, system integrators and storage service providers, develop additional channels for the distribution and sale of our products and manage these relationships. As part of our growth strategy, we intend to expand our relationships with distributors, resellers, system integrators and storage system providers. The inability to successfully execute this strategy could impede our future growth. 23 24 THE LOSS OF OUR PRIMARY CONTRACT MANUFACTURERS, OR THE FAILURE TO FORECAST DEMAND ACCURATELY FOR OUR PRODUCTS OR TO MANAGE OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH OUR PRIMARY CONTRACT MANUFACTURERS SUCCESSFULLY, WOULD NEGATIVELY IMPACT OUR ABILITY TO MANUFACTURE AND SELL OUR PRODUCTS. Prior to August 1999, we relied on a third-party manufacturer, XeTel, to manufacture substantially all of our products on a purchase order basis. We do not have a long-term supply contract with XeTel and, therefore, XeTel is not obligated to manufacture products for us for any specific period, or in any specific quantity, except as may be provided in a particular purchase order. In August 1999, we engaged another contract manufacturer, Solectron, to make our 4x50 family of products. We believe that this will enable us to reduce our reliance on XeTel. We generally place orders for products with our contract manufacturers approximately four months prior to the anticipated delivery date, with order volumes based on forecasts of demand from our customers. Accordingly, if we inaccurately forecast demand for our products, we may be unable to obtain adequate manufacturing capacity from our contract manufacturers to meet our customers' delivery requirements, or we may accumulate excess inventories. We have on occasion in the past been unable to adequately respond to unexpected increases in customer purchase orders, and therefore were unable to benefit from this incremental demand. Our contract manufacturers have not provided assurances to us that adequate capacity will be available to us within the time required to meet additional demand for our products. OUR PLANS TO INTRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS AND PRODUCT ENHANCEMENTS TO MARKET REQUIRE COORDINATION ACROSS OUR SUPPLIERS AND MANUFACTURERS, WHICH EXPOSES US TO RISKS OF DELAY OR POOR EXECUTION FROM A VARIETY OF SOURCES. We plan to introduce new products and product enhancements, which will require that we coordinate our efforts with those of our component suppliers and our contract manufacturers to rapidly achieve volume production. If we should fail to effectively manage our relationships with our component suppliers and our contract manufacturers, or if any of our suppliers or our manufacturers experience delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations, our ability to ship products to our customers could be delayed, and our competitive position and reputation could be harmed. Qualifying a new component supplier or contract manufacturer and commencing volume production can be expensive and time consuming. If we are required to change or choose to change suppliers, we may lose revenue and damage our customer relationships. TRANSITIONING THE FINAL ASSEMBLY AND TEST PORTION OF OUR MANUFACTURING PROCESS TO AN IN-HOUSE FACILITY HAS INCREASED OUR FIXED COSTS AND EXPOSED US TO INCREASED INVENTORY RISKS. In September 1999, we transitioned our final assembly and product test operations in-house. If demand for our products does not support the effective utilization of our manufacturing employees and additional facilities and equipment, we may not realize any benefit from replacing these services previously outsourced to a contract manufacturer with internal final assembly and testing. Furthermore, internal final assembly and test operations require us to manage and maintain the components used in our products at our facilities. A significant portion of this inventory will be useful only in the final assembly of our products. Any decrease in demand for our products could result in a substantial part of this inventory becoming excess, obsolete or otherwise unusable. If our internal final assembly and test operations are underused or mismanaged, we may incur significant costs that could adversely affect our operating results. WE DEPEND ON SOLE SOURCE AND LIMITED SOURCE SUPPLIERS FOR CERTAIN KEY COMPONENTS, AND IF WE ARE UNABLE TO BUY THESE COMPONENTS ON A TIMELY BASIS, OUR DELAYED ABILITY TO DELIVER OUR PRODUCTS TO OUR CUSTOMERS MAY RESULT IN REDUCED REVENUE AND LOST SALES. We currently purchase Fibre Channel application specific integrated circuits and other key components for our products from sole or limited sources. To date, most of our component purchases have been made in relatively small volumes. As a result, if our suppliers receive excess demand for their products, we likely will receive a low priority for order fulfillment, as large volume customers will use our suppliers' available capacity. If we are delayed in acquiring components for our products, the manufacture and shipment of our products will also be delayed, which will reduce our revenue and may result in lost sales. We generally use a rolling six-month forecast of our future product sales to determine our component requirements. Lead times for ordering materials and components vary significantly and depend on factors such as specific supplier requirements, contract terms and current market demand for such components. If we overestimate our component requirements, we may have excess inventory which would increase our costs. If we underestimate our component requirements, we may have inadequate inventory that would delay our manufacturing and render us unable to deliver products to customers on a scheduled delivery date. We also may experience shortages of certain components from time to time, which also could delay our manufacturing. Manufacturing delays could negatively impact our ability to sell our products and damage our customer relationships. 24 25 COMPETITION WITHIN OUR MARKETS MAY REDUCE SALES OF OUR PRODUCTS AND REDUCE OUR MARKET SHARE. The market for SAN products generally, and storage routers in particular, is increasingly competitive. We anticipate that the market for our products will continually evolve and will be subject to rapid technological change. We currently face competition from Adva-SAN Ltd., ATTO, Chaparral Network Storage, Computer Network Technologies and Pathlight Technology, who was recently acquired by ADIC in May 2001. During fiscal 2000, Compaq informed us of its intent to manufacture its own routers, rather than act as an OEM for our 4100 and 4200 lines of routers. During April 2001, ADIC informed us that it intends to transition out of our router products upon consummation of its acquisition of Pathlight Technology, Inc., which they subsequently completed on May 11, 2001. In addition, other OEM customers could develop products or technologies internally, or by entering into strategic relationships with or acquiring other existing SAN product providers that would replace their need for our products and would become a source of competition. We expect to face competition in the future from OEMs, including our customers and potential customers, LAN router manufacturers, storage system industry suppliers, including manufacturers and vendors of other SAN products or entire SAN systems, and innovative start-up companies. For example, manufacturers of Fibre Channel hubs or switches could seek to include router functionality within their SAN products that would obviate the need for our storage routers. As the market for SAN products grows, we also may face competition from traditional networking companies and other manufacturers of networking products. These networking companies may enter the storage router market by introducing their own products or by entering into strategic relationships with or acquiring other existing SAN product providers. This could introduce additional competition in our markets, especially if Compaq or another one of our OEMs begins to manufacture our higher end storage routers. Moreover, we are currently in litigation with Chaparral in which we have alleged their infringement of certain proprietary rights. If we are not successful in this litigation, our competitive position may be harmed. WE ARE A RELATIVELY SMALL COMPANY WITH LIMITED RESOURCES COMPARED TO SOME OF OUR CURRENT AND POTENTIAL COMPETITORS. Some of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater resources, broader name recognition and a larger installed base of customers than we have. As a result, these competitors may have greater credibility with our existing and potential customers. They also may be able to adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we can to ours, which would allow them to respond more quickly than us to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements. In addition, some of our current and potential competitors have already established supplier or joint development relationships with decision makers at our current or potential customers. These competitors may be able to leverage their existing relationships to discourage these customers from purchasing products from us or to persuade them to replace our products with their products. Increased competition could decrease our prices, reduce our sales, lower our margins, or decrease our market share. These and other competitive pressures may prevent us from competing successfully against current or future competitors, and may materially harm our business. WE HAVE LICENSED OUR 4200 AND 4X50 STORAGE ROUTER TECHNOLOGY TO A KEY CUSTOMER, WHICH MAY ENABLE THIS CUSTOMER TO COMPETE WITH US. We have licensed our 4200 and 4x50 storage router technology to Hewlett-Packard. Hewlett-Packard currently manufactures the 4200 product under its name and pays us a royalty. Hewlett-Packard has vastly greater resources and distribution capabilities than we do, and therefore, it could establish market acceptance in a relatively short time frame for any competitive products that it may introduce, which, in turn, would reduce demand for our products from Hewlett-Packard and could reduce demand for our products from other customers. WE EXPECT UNIT PRICES OF OUR PRODUCTS TO DECREASE OVER TIME, AND IF WE CANNOT INCREASE OUR SALES VOLUMES OUR REVENUE WILL DECLINE. Although we negotiate the prices for our products on an individual basis with each of our OEM customers, many of our current agreements with our OEM customers include provisions that require reductions in the sales price for our products over time. We believe that this practice is common within our industry. To date, our agreements with OEM customers, including our largest customers, provide for quarterly reductions in pricing on a product-by-product basis ranging from 8% to 15% annually, with the actual discount determined according to the volume potential expected from the customer, the OEM's customer base, the credibility the OEM may bring to our solution, additional technology the OEM may help us incorporate with our product, and other Crossroads products the OEM supports. Notwithstanding, the decreases in our average selling prices of our older products generally have been offset by higher average selling prices for our newer products, as well as sales to distributors, resellers and system integrators where price decreases are not generally required. Nonetheless, we could experience declines in our average unit selling prices for our products in 25 26 the future, especially if our newer products do not receive broad market acceptance or if our efforts to increase sales to distributors, resellers and system integrators are not successful. In addition, declines in our average selling prices may be more pronounced should we encounter significant pricing pressures from increased competition within the storage router market. OUR PRODUCTS ARE COMPLEX AND MAY CONTAIN UNDETECTED SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE ERRORS THAT COULD LEAD TO AN INCREASE IN OUR COSTS OR A REDUCTION IN OUR REVENUE. Networking products such as ours may contain undetected software or hardware errors when first introduced or as new versions are released. Our products are complex and errors have been found in the past and may be found from time to time in the future. For example in July, 2000, we voluntarily issued a "stop-ship" on our 4x50 line and part of our 4200 line due to firmware issues, which negatively affected our product revenue during fiscal 2000. In addition, our products include components from a number of third-party vendors. We rely on the quality testing of these vendors to ensure the adequate operation of their products. Because our products are manufactured with a number of components supplied by various third-party sources, should problems occur in the operation or performance of our products, it may be difficult to identify the source. In addition, our products are deployed within SANs from a variety of vendors. Therefore, the occurrence of hardware and software errors, whether caused by our or another vendor's SAN products, could adversely affect sales of our products. Furthermore, defects may not be discovered until our products are already deployed in the SAN. These errors also could cause us to incur significant warranty, diagnostic and repair costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts and cause significant customer relations and business reputation problems. WE DEPEND ON OUR KEY PERSONNEL TO MANAGE OUR BUSINESS EFFECTIVELY IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING MARKET, AND IF WE ARE UNABLE TO RETAIN OUR CURRENT PERSONNEL AND HIRE ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL, OUR ABILITY TO SELL OUR PRODUCTS COULD BE HARMED. We believe our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, engineering and sales and marketing personnel. In particular, we believe that our future success is highly dependent on Brian R. Smith, our co-founder and chairman of the board, and Larry Sanders, our chief executive officer, to provide continuity in the execution of our growth plans. We do not have employment contracts with any of our key personnel with the exception of Mr. Sanders. We have experienced difficulty in hiring engineers with appropriate qualifications in networking, routing, and storage technologies and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining sufficient levels of such engineers to support our anticipated growth. The loss of the services of any of our key employees, the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring required personnel, particularly engineers and sales personnel, could delay the development and introduction of, and negatively impact our ability to sell, our products. WE HAVE INCREASED OUR INTERNATIONAL SALES ACTIVITIES, WHICH WILL SUBJECT US TO ADDITIONAL BUSINESS RISKS. We have opened sales offices in international markets to focus on expanding our international sales activities in Europe and the Pacific Rim region. Our planned international sales growth will be limited if we are unable to expand our international sales channel relationships, hire additional personnel and continue to develop relationships with international distributors, resellers, system integrators and storage service providers. We may not be able to maintain or increase international market demand for our products. Our international sales activities are subject to a number of risks, including: o increased complexity and costs of managing international operations; o protectionist laws and business practices that favor local competition in some countries; o multiple, conflicting and changing laws, regulations and tax rules; o longer sales cycles; o greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection and longer collection periods; and o political and economic instability. 26 27 To date, all of our sales to international customers have been denominated in U.S. dollars. As a result, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products more expensive for our customers to purchase, thus rendering them less competitive. WE MAY BE UNABLE TO PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, WHICH WOULD NEGATIVELY AFFECT OUR ABILITY TO COMPETE. Our products rely on our proprietary technology, and we expect that future technological advancements made by us will be critical to sustain market acceptance of our products. Therefore, we believe that the protection of our intellectual property rights is and will continue to be important to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We also enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants and business partners, and control access to and distribution of our software, documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these efforts, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our products is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology, particularly in foreign countries where applicable laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. OUR EFFORTS TO PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MAY CAUSE US TO BECOME INVOLVED IN COSTLY AND LENGTHY LITIGATION WHICH COULD SERIOUSLY HARM OUR BUSINESS. In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States involving patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights. Legal proceedings could subject us to significant liability for damages or invalidate our intellectual property rights. Any litigation, regardless of its outcome, would likely be time consuming and expensive to resolve and would divert management's time and attention. Any potential intellectual property litigation against us could force us to take specific actions, including: o cease selling our products that use the challenged intellectual property; o obtain from the owner of the infringed intellectual property right a license to sell or use the relevant technology or trademark, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all; or o redesign those products that use infringing intellectual property or cease to use an infringing trademark. ANY ACQUISITIONS WE MAKE COULD DISRUPT OUR BUSINESS AND HARM OUR FINANCIAL CONDITION. As part of our growth strategy, we intend to review opportunities to acquire other businesses or technologies that would complement our current products, expand the breadth of our markets or enhance our technical capabilities. For example, in March 2000, we consummated our acquisition of Polaris Communications, Inc. Acquisitions entail a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results, including: o problems integrating the acquired operations, technologies or products with our existing business and products; o diversion of management's time and attention from our core business; o difficulties in retaining business relationships with suppliers and customers of the acquired company; o risks associated with entering markets in which we lack prior experience; and o potential loss of key employees of the acquired company. OUR PRODUCTS MUST CONFORM TO INDUSTRY STANDARDS IN ORDER TO BE ACCEPTED BY CUSTOMERS IN OUR MARKET. Our products comprise only a part of a SAN. All components of a SAN must uniformly comply with the same industry standards in order to operate efficiently together. We depend on companies that provide other components of the SAN to support prevailing industry standards. Many of these companies are significantly larger and more influential in effecting industry standards than we are. Some industry standards may not be widely adopted or implemented uniformly, and competing standards may emerge that may be 27 28 preferred by OEM customers or end users. If larger companies do not support the same industry standards that we do, or if competing standards emerge, our products may not achieve market acceptance which would adversely affect our business. INSIDERS WILL CONTINUE TO HAVE SUBSTANTIAL CONTROL OVER OUR COMPANY AND COULD DELAY OR PREVENT A CHANGE IN CORPORATE CONTROL. Our executive officers and directors, and their affiliates, beneficially own a significant portion of the total voting power of our company. As a result, these stockholders will be able to exert significant control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of voting power could delay or prevent an acquisition of us on terms that other stockholders may desire. PROVISIONS IN OUR CHARTER DOCUMENTS AND DELAWARE LAW COULD PREVENT, DELAY OR IMPEDE A CHANGE IN CONTROL OF US AND MAY REDUCE THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK. Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger or acquisition that a stockholder may consider favorable. We also are subject to the anti-takeover laws of the State of Delaware that may discourage, delay or prevent someone from acquiring or merging with us, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. OUR STOCK PRICE MAY BE VOLATILE. The market price of our common stock has been volatile in the past and may be volatile in the future. The market price of our common stock may be significantly affected by the following factors: o actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results; o changes in financial estimates by securities analysts or our failure to perform in line with such estimates; o changes in market valuations of other technology companies, particularly those that sell products used in SANs; o announcements by us or our competitors of significant technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; o introduction of technologies or product enhancements that reduce the need for storage routers; o the loss of one or more key OEM customers; and o departures of key personnel. The stock market has experienced extreme volatility that often has been unrelated to the performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may cause our stock price to fall regardless of our performance. THE RECENT ISSUANCE BY THE SEC OF AN ACCOUNTING BULLETIN RELATED TO REVENUE RECOGNITION, SAB 101, MAY HAVE A MATERIAL ADVERSE IMPACT ON OUR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. In December 1999, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, referred to as SAB 101. SAB 101 summarizes the SEC staff's views in applying generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition in financial statements. Effective November 1, 2000, we adopted SAB 101. While SAB 101 will not affect the fundamental aspects of our operations as measured by product shipments and cash flows, implementation of SAB 101 will affect our reported results of operations. It is possible that SAB 101 will result in increased fluctuations in our quarterly operating results and increase the likelihood that we may fail to meet the expectations of securities analysts for any period. The adoption of SAB 101 resulted in a change in method of revenue recognition for certain product shipments due to the specified shipping terms for these shipments. The cumulative effect of this accounting change was $130,000, which has been included in net income for the nine months ended July 31, 2001. Prior period financial statements have not been restated to apply SAB 101 retroactively, however, the pro forma amounts included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations reflect the net loss and net loss per share assuming we had retroactively applied SAB 101 to all periods presented. We are also considering potential changes to the terms of our sales agreements for equipment sales that could mitigate the impact of SAB 101. 28 29 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Information concerning market risk is contained on Page 31 of our 2000 Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference to the annual report. 29 30 CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES PART II - OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS On March 31, 2000, we filed a lawsuit against Chaparral Network Storage, Inc. alleging that Chaparral has infringed one of our patents (5,941,972, hereinafter "972 patent") with some of their products. In September, the jury found that the 972 patent was valid and that all of Chaparral's RAID and router products that contained LUN Zoning have infringed all claims of our 972 patent. As a result, we were awarded damages with a royalty amount of 5% for Chaparral's router product line and 3% for their RAID product line. We will be pursuing an injunction based on the jury's finding of infringement. The federal judge in this matter will consider assessing punitive damages, which could treble the actual damages. The Court will also consider the imposition of reasonable attorney's fees. On April 14, 2000, we filed a lawsuit against Pathlight Technology, Inc. alleging that Pathlight has infringed one of our patents with their SAN Data Gateway Router. Pathlight was subsequently acquired by Advanced Digital Information Corporation on May 11, 2001. In June 2001, ADIC paid us $15.0 million in connection with the settlement of this lawsuit, this payment was recognized in the statement of operations for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2001. In connection with the settlement of the lawsuit, we granted ADIC a non-exclusive license under the related patent. On May 19, 2000, Chaparral filed a counter-suit against us alleging tortuous interference with prospective business relations. The lawsuit was filed in District Court, Boulder County, Colorado and Chaparral is seeking injunctive relief as well as damages. Chaparral claims that we have made statements that Chaparral has infringed our patent rights and that these statements are false and defamatory. We moved to have this matter dismissed, which the judge ordered, with prejudice in April 2001. We and several of our officers and directors were named as defendants in several class action lawsuits filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. The plaintiffs in the actions purport to represent purchasers of our common stock during various periods ranging from January 25, 2000 through August 24, 2000. The Court consolidated the actions and appointed a lead plaintiff under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The amended consolidated complaint was filed in February 2001. The plaintiffs are seeking unspecified amounts of compensatory damages, interests and costs, including legal fees. We continue to deny the allegations in the complaint and intend to defend ourselves vigorously. On August 10, 2001, the court denied our motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint. The class action lawsuit is still at an early stage. Consequently, it is not possible at this time to predict whether we will incur any liability or to estimate the damages, or the range of damages, if any, that we might incur in connection with this lawsuit. Our inability to prevail in this action could have a material adverse effect on our future business, financial condition and results of operations. ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K. (a) Exhibit Index Exhibit Number Description - -------------- ----------- 10.16 Settlement and License Agreement dated June 12, 2001 by and between Crossroads Systems, Inc. and Advanced Digital Corporation which was filed as Exhibit 10.16 to registrant's quarterly report on Form 10-Q dated June 14, 2001 and is herein incorporated by this reference. (b) Reports on Form 8-K Crossroads did not file any current reports on Form 8-K during the three months ended July 31, 2001. 30 31 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. CROSSROADS SYSTEMS, INC. September 14, 2001 /s/ BRIAN R. SMITH ------------------ ----------------------------------------- (Date) Brian R. Smith Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) September 14, 2001 /s/ REAGAN Y. SAKAI ------------------ ----------------------------------------- (Date) Reagan Y. Sakai Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 31