Industry Restructuring [GRAPHIC OMITTED - TEXT BELOW] Technological innovations Customer's demand for choice and value Favorable view of markets Alternative Industry Structures [GRAPHIC OMITTED] Independent System Operator (ISO) * Provides transmission services on a non-discriminatory basis * Maintains reliability/Arranges for ancillary services * Prices transmission/Resolves congestion [GRAPHIC OMITTED] Alternative Structures for Transmission--Vertical Utility [GRAPHICAL IMAGE OMITTED - TEXT BELOW] System Operator Ancillary Tansmission Services Facility Providers Provider(s) Alternative Structures for Transmission--NGC Model [GRAPHICAL IMAGE OMITTED - TEXT BELOW] Power Exchange Ancillary Services Provider Transmission Facility Provider(s) System Operator Transmission Provider(s) Alternative Structures for Transmission--Australian Model [GRAPHICAL IMAGE OMITTED - TEXT BELOW] System Operator Providers Power Exchange Ancillary Services Provider System Operator Transmission Facility Provider(s) Alternative Structures for Transmission--PJM MNodel [GRAPHICAL IMAGE OMITTED - TEXT BELOW] Power Exchange Ancillary Services Providers Systems Operator Scheduling Coordinators for Direct Access Customers Transmission Facility Provider(s) Alternative Structures for Transmission--TRANSCO [GRAPHICAL IMAGE OMITTED - TEXT BELOW] Exchange Power System Operator Transmission Facility Provider(s) Scheduling Coordinators Ancillary Service Providers Alternative Structures for Transmissionm-WEPEX [GRAPHICAL IMAGE OMITTED - TEXT BELOW] Power Exchange System Operator Ancillary Services Providers Scheduling Coordinators for Direct Access Customers Transmission Facility Providers Alternative Structures for Transmission --FERC Model [GRAPHICAL IMAGE OMITTED - TEXT BELOW] Scheduling Coordinators Transmission Facility Provider(s) System Operator Ancillary Services Providers Common types of Transmission Services [GRAPHICAL IMAGE OMITTED] FERC Ancillary Services Scheduling, System Control & Dispatch