1
                                                                 EXHIBIT 3.22

                       BY-LAWS OF AMAV INDUSTRIES, INC.


                                   ARTICLE 1

                                    OFFICES

     The principal office of the Corporation shall be in the State of Illinois,
in the City of Mount Prospect IL, County of Cook. The Corporation may have such
other offices, either within or without the State of Illinois, as the business
of the Corporation may require from time to time.

     The registered office of the Corporation required by the General
Corporation Law of Delaware to be maintained in the State of Delaware shall be
32 Loockerman Square, Suite L-100, City of Dover, County of Kent. The name of
the registered agent of the Corporation in Delaware shall be The Prentice-Hall
Corporation System, Inc.

                                   ARTICLE 2

                                  STOCKHOLDERS

     SECTION 2.1. ANNUAL MEETING. The annual meeting of the stockholders shall
be held on October 15 at such hour as shall be designated in the notice of the
meeting for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of such
other business as may came before the meeting. If the day fixed for the annual
meeting shall be a legal holiday, such meeting shall be held on the next
succeeding business day. If the election of directors shall not be held on the
day designated herein for any annual meeting, or at any adjournment thereof,
the Board of Directors shall cause the election to be held at a meeting of the
stockholders as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.

     SECTION 2.2. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the stockholders may be
called by the President, by the Board of Directors, or by the holders of not
less than one-quarter of all the outstanding shares of the Corporation.

     SECTION 2.3. PLACE OF MEETING. The Board of Directors may designate any
place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place of meeting
for any annual meeting or for any special meeting called by the Board of
Directors. A waiver of notice signed by all stockholders may designate any
place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place for the
holding of such meeting. If no designation is made, or if a special meeting be
otherwise called, the place of meeting shall be the registered office of the
Corporation in the State of Delaware, except as otherwise provided in Section
2.5 of these By-Laws.

     SECTION 2.4. NOTICE OF MEETING. Written or printed notice stating the
place, day and hour of the meeting, and in the case of a special meeting, the
purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be delivered not less than ten
nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting, or in the case of a
merger or consolidation not less than twenty nor more than sixty days 


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before the meeting, either personally or by mail, by or at the direction of the
President, or the Secretary, or the officer or persons calling the meeting, to
each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, such
notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States
mail, addressed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the records
of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid.

     SECTION 2.5. MEETING OF ALL STOCKHOLDERS. If all of the stockholders
shall meet at any time and place, either within or without the State of
Delaware, and consent to the holding of a meeting at such time and place, such
meeting shall be valid without call or notice, and at such meeting any
corporate action may be taken.

     SECTION 2.6. CLOSING OF TRANSFER BOOKS OR FIXING OF RECORD DATE. For the
purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any
meeting of stockholders, or stockholders entitled to receive payment of any
dividend, or in order to make a determination of stockholders for any other
proper purpose, the Board of Directors of the Corporation may provide that the
stock transfer books shall be closed for a stated period but not to exceed, in
any case, sixty days. If the stock transfer books shall be closed for the
purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a
meeting of stockholders, such books shall be closed for at least ten days, or
in the case of a merger or consolidation, at least twenty days, immediately
preceding such meeting. In lieu of closing the stock transfer books, the Board
of Directors may fix in advance a date as the record date for any such
determination of stockholders, such date in any case to be not more than sixty
days and, for a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten days, or in the case
of a merger or consolidation, not less than twenty days, immediately preceding
such meeting. If the stock transfer books are not closed and no record date is
fixed for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at
a meeting of stockholders, or stockholders entitled to receive payment of a
dividend, the date on which notice of the meeting is mailed or the date on
which the resolution of the Board of Directors declaring such dividend is
adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such determination of
stockholders.

     SECTION 2.7. VOTING LISTS. The officer or agent having charge of the
transfer books for shares of the Corporation shall make at least ten days
before each meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders
entitled to vote at such meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, with the
address of and the number of shares held by each, which list, for a period of
ten days prior to such meeting, shall be kept on file at the registered office
of the Corporation and shall be subject to inspection by any stockholder at any
time during usual hours. Such list shall also be produced and kept open at the
time and place of the meeting and shall be subject to the inspection of any
stockholder during the whole time of the meeting. The original share ledger or
transfer book, or a duplicate thereof kept in this State, shall be prima facie
evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine such list or share
ledger or transfer book or to vote at any meetings of stockholders.

     SECTION 2.8. QUORUM. A majority of the outstanding shares of the
Corporation, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at
any meeting of stockholders; 


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provided, that if less than a majority of the outstanding shares are
represented at said meeting, a majority of the shares so represented may
adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice. If a quorum is
present, the affirmative vote of the majority of the shares represented at the
meeting shall be the act of the stockholders, unless the vote of a greater
number or voting by classes is required by the Delaware General Corporation Law
or the Certificate of Incorporation.

     SECTION 2.9. PROXIES. At all meetings of stockholders, a stockholder may
vote by proxy executed in writing by the stockholder or by his duly authorized
attorney-in-fact. Such proxy shall be filed with the Secretary of the
Corporation before or at the time of the meetings. No proxy shall be valid
after eleven months from the date of its execution, unless otherwise provided
in the proxy.

     SECTION 2.10. VOTING OF SHARES. Subject to the provisions of Section 2.12
of these By-Laws, each outstanding share, regardless of class, shall be
entitled to one vote upon each matter submitted to vote at a meeting of
stockholders.

     SECTION 2.11. VOTING OF SHARES BY CERTAIN HOLDERS. Shares standing in the
name of another corporation, domestic or foreign, may be voted by such officer,
agent or proxy as the By-Laws of such corporation may prescribe, or, in the
absence of such provision, as the Board of Directors of such corporation may
determine.

     Shares standing in the name of a deceased person may be voted by his
administrator or executor, either in person or by proxy. Shares standing in the
name of a guardian, conservator or trustee may be voted by such fiduciary,
either in person or by proxy, but no guardian, conservator or trustee shall be
entitled, as such fiduciary, to vote shares held by him without a transfer of
such shares into his name.

     Shares standing in the name of a receiver may be voted by such receiver,
and shares held by or under the control of a receiver may be voted by such
receiver without the transfer thereof into his name if authority so to do be
contained in an appropriate order of the court by which such receiver was
appointed.

     A stockholder whose shares are pledged shall be entitled to vote such
shares until the shares have been transferred into the name of the pledgee, and
thereafter the pledgee shall be entitled to vote the shares so transferred.

     Shares of its own stock belonging to this corporation shall not be voted,
directly or indirectly, at any meeting and shall not be counted in determining
the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.

     SECTION 2.12. INFORMAL ACTION BY STOCKHOLDERS. Any action required to be
taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders, or any other action
which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders, may be
taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent
in writing, setting forth the action so taken, 


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shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the
minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such
action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present
and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a
meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those
stockholders who have not consented in writing.

     SECTION 2.13. VOTING BY BALLOT. Voting on any question or in any election
may be viva voce unless the presiding officer shall order or any stockholder
shall demand that voting be by ballot.

                                   ARTICLE 3

                                   DIRECTORS

     SECTION 3.l. GENERAL POWERS. The business and affairs of the Corporation
shall be managed by or under the direction of its Board of Directors.

     SECTION 3.2. NUMBER, TENURE AND QUALIFICATION. The number of directors of
the Corporation shall be two (2). Each director shall hold office until the
next annual meeting of stockholders or until his successor shall have been duly
elected and qualified. Directors need not be residents of Delaware or
stockholders of the Corporation.

     SECTION 3.3. REGULAR MEETINGS. A regular meeting of the Board of Directors
shall be held without other notice than this By-Law, immediately after, and at
the same place as, the annual meeting of stockholders. The Board of Directors
may provide, by resolution, the time and place, either within or without the
State of Delaware, for the holding of additional regular meetings without other
notice than such resolution.

     SECTION 3.4. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of Directors
may be called by or at the request of the President or any two Directors. The
person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board of Directors
may fix any place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place
for holding any special meeting of the Board of Directors called by them.

     SECTION 3.5. NOTICE. Notice of any special meeting shall be given at least
five days previous thereto by written notice delivered personally or mailed to
each director at his business address, or by telegram. If mailed, such notice
shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail so
addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. If notice be given by telegram, such
notice shall be deemed to be delivered when the telegram is delivered to the
telegraph company. Any director may waive notice of any meeting. The attendance
of a director at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such
meeting, except where a director attends a meeting for the express purpose of
objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not
lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the


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purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be
specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.

     SECTION 3.6. QUORUM. A majority of the number of directors fixed by these
By-Laws shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any
meeting of the Board of Directors, provided, that if less than a majority of
such number of directors are present at said meeting, a majority of the
directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further
notice.

     SECTION 3.7. MANNER OF ACTING. The act of the majority of the directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board
of Directors.

     SECTION 3.8. VACANCIES. Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors
and any directorship to be filled by reason of an increase in the number of
directors may be filled by the directors at a special meeting called for such
purpose. Any director elected to such vacancy shall hold office until the next
annual meeting of stockholders.

     SECTION 3.9. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. Any director or the entire Board of
Directors of this corporation may be removed with or without cause at any
annual or special meeting of stockholders by the holders of a majority of the
shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors.

     SECTION 3.10. COMPENSATION. The Board of Directors, by the affirmative
vote of a majority of directors then in office, and irrespective of any
personal interest of any of its members, shall have authority to establish
reasonable compensation of all directors for services to the Corporation as
directors, officers or otherwise. By resolution of the Board of Directors, the
directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of
the Board. In the event the Internal Revenue Service shall deem any
compensation (including any fringe benefit) paid to a director to be
unreasonable or excessive, such director must repay to the Corporation the
excess over what is determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be reasonable
compensation, with interest on such excess at the rate of nine percent (9%) per
annum, within ninety days after notice from the Corporation.

     SECTION 3.11. PRESUMPTION OF ASSENT. A director of the Corporation who is
present at a meeting of the Board of Directors at which action on any corporate
matter is taken shall be conclusively presumed to have assented to the action
taken unless his dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or
unless he shall file his written dissent to such action with the person acting
as the Secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall forward
such dissent by registered mail to the Secretary of the Corporation immediately
after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to
a director who voted in favor of such action.

     SECTION 3.12. INFORMAL ACTION BY BOARD OF DIRECTORS. Any action required
or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any
committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board
or committee consent thereto


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in writing and all such writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of
the Board or committee.

     SECTION 3.13. PARTICIPATION BY CONFERENCE TELEPHONE. Members of the Board
of Directors or of any committee designated by the Board of Directors may
participate in a meeting of such Board or committee by means of conference
telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons
participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in such meeting
shall constitute attendance and presence in person at the meeting of the person
or persons so participating.

     SECTION 3.14. COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed
by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more committees, each
committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The
Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any
committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of
the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee,
the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from
voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint
another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of
any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent
provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, or in these By-Laws,
shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of
Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and
may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may
require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in
reference to amending the Certificate of Incorporation by the Board of
Directors, adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to
the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the
Corporation's property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a
dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending
the By-Laws of the Corporation; and, unless the Board of Directors, By-Laws or
Certificate of Incorporation expressly so provide, no such committee shall have
the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of
stock, or to adopt a Certificate of ownership and Merger.

                                   ARTICLE 4

                                    OFFICERS

     SECTION 4.1. NUMBER. The officers of the Corporation shall be a President,
a Chief Executive Officer, a Treasurer, and a Secretary, and such Vice
Presidents (the number thereof to be determined by the Board of Directors),
Assistant Treasurers, Assistant Secretaries or other officers as may be elected
or appointed by the Board of Directors. Any two or more offices may be held by
the same person.

     SECTION 4.2. ELECTION AND TERMS OF OFFICE. The officers of the Corporation
shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at the first meeting of the
Board of Directors held after each annual meeting of stockholders. If the
election of officers shall not be held at such 

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meeting, such election shall be held as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.
Each officer shall hold office until his successor shall have been duly elected
and shall have qualified or until his death or until he shall resign or shall
have been removed in the manner hereinafter provided. Election or appointment
of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.

     SECTION 4.3. REMOVAL. Any officer or agent elected or appointed by the
Board of Directors may be removed by the Board of Directors whenever in its
judgment the best interests of the corporation would be served thereby, but
such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the
person so removed.

     SECTION 4.4. VACANCIES. A vacancy in any office because of death,
resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, or because of the creation
of an office, may be filled by the Board of Directors for the unexpired portion
of the term.

     SECTION 4.5. THE PRESIDENT. The President shall be the principal executive
officer of the Corporation and shall in general supervise and control all of
the business and affairs of the Corporation. He shall preside at all meetings
of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors, He may sign, with the
Secretary or any other officer of the Corporation thereunto authorized by the
Board of Directors, certificates for shares of the Corporation, any deeds,
mortgages, bonds, contracts, or other instruments which the Board of Directors
has authorized to be executed, except in cases where the signing and execution
thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these
By-Laws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation, or shall be required
by law to be otherwise signed or executed; and in general shall perform all
duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as may be
prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.

     SECTION 4.6 THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. The Chief Executive Officer of
the Corporation, subject to the powers of the Board of Directors, shall have
general and active management of the business of the Corporation; and shall see
that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into
effect. The Chief Executive Officer shall have such other powers and perform
such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or as may be
provided in these By-Laws.

     SECTION 4.7. THE VICE PRESIDENTS. In the absence of the President or in
the event of his inability or refusal to act, the Vice President (or in the
event there be more than one Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order
designated, or in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their
election) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall
have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the
President. Any Vice President may sign, with the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary, certificates for shares of the Corporation, and shall perform such
other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the President or by
the Board of Directors.

     SECTION 4.8. THE TREASURER. If required by the Board of Directors, the
Treasurer shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his duties in such
sum and with such surety or 

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sureties as the Board of Directors shall determine. He shall: (a) have charge
and custody of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the
Corporation, receive and give receipts for moneys due and payable to the
Corporation from any source whatsoever, and deposit all such moneys in the name
of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositaries as
shall be selected in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 of these
By-Laws; (b) in general perform all the duties incident to the office of
Treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by
the President or by the Board of Directors.

     SECTION 4.9. THE SECRETARY. The Secretary shall: (a) keep the minutes of
the stockholders' and of the Board of Directors' meetings in one or more books
provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in
accordance with the provisions of those By-Laws or as required by law; (c) be
custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the Corporation and see
that the seal of the Corporation is affixed to all certificates for shares
prior to the issue thereof and to all documents, the execution of which on
behalf of the Corporation under its seal is duly authorized in accordance with
the provisions of these By-Laws; (d) keep a register of the post office address
of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the Secretary by such
stockholder; (e) sign with the President, or a Vice President, certificates for
shares of the Corporation, the issue of which shall have been authorized by
resolution of the Board of Directors; (f) have general charge of the stock
transfer books of the Corporation; and (g) in general perform all duties
incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as from time to time
may be assigned to him by the President or by the Board of Directors.

     SECTION 4.10. ASSISTANT TREASURERS AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. The
Assistant Treasurers shall respectively, if required by the Board of Directors,
give bonds for the faithful discharge of their duties in such sums and with
such sureties as the Board of Directors shall determine. The Assistant
Secretaries as thereunto authorized by the Board of Directors may sign with the
President or a Vice President certificates for shares of the Corporation, the
issue of which shall have been authorized by a resolution of the Board of
Directors. The Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries, in general,
shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the Treasurer or the
Secretary, respectively, or by the President or the Board of Directors.

     SECTION 4.11. SALARIES. The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from
time to time by the Board of Directors and no officer shall be prevented from
receiving such salary by reason of the fact that he is also a director of the
Corporation. In the event that the Internal Revenue Service shall deem any
compensation (including any (fringe benefit) paid to an officer to be
unreasonable or excessive, such officer must repay to the Corporation the
excess over what is determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be reasonable
compensation, with interest on such excess at the rate of nine percent (9%) per
annum, within 90 days after notice from the Corporation.


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     SECTION 5.4. BOARD OF DIRECTORS' APPROVAL. Any indemnification under
Sections 5.1 and 5.2 of these By-Laws (unless ordered by a court) shall be made
by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination
that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in
the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set
forth in Sections 5.1 and 5.2 hereof. Such determination shall be made (1) by
the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors
who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such a
quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable but a quorum of disinterested
directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (3)
by the stockholders.

     SECTION 5.5. ADVANCE INDEMNITY PAYMENTS. Expenses incurred in defending a
civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in
advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon
receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay 
such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be
indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article.

     SECTION 5.6. NON-EXCLUSIVITY. The indemnification and advancement of
expenses provided by or granted pursuant to, Article NINTH of the Corporation's
Certificate of Incorporation, the Delaware General Corporation Law and this
Article shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those
seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any
By-Law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or
otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in
another capacity while holding such office.

     SECTION 5.7. INDEMNITY INSURANCE. The Corporation may purchase and
maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer
of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him
and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such,
whether or not he is indemnified against such liability under the provisions of
this Article.

     SECTION 5.8. CONSOLIDATION. For the purposes of this Article, references
to "the Corporation" include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any
constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed
in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued,
would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers and
employees or agents, so that any person who is or was serving as a director or
officer of such constituent corporation or is or was serving at the request of
such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise,
shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article with
respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect
to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

     For the purposes of this Article, references to "other enterprises" shall
include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise
taxes assessed on a person with respect 

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to any employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the
Corporation" shall include any service as a director or officer of the 
Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director,
officer employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its
participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a
manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and
beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a
manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation" as referred to in
this Article.

     The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted
pursuant to, this Article shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or
ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer, 
and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of 
such a person.

                                   ARTICLE 6

                     CONTRACTS, LOANS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS

     SECTION 6.1. CONTACTS. The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or
officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver
any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such
authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

     SECTION 6.2. LOANS. No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the
Corporation and no evidence of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless
authorized by a resolution of the Board of Directors. Such authority may be
general or confined to specific instances.

     SECTION 6.3. CHECKS, DRAFTS, ETC. All checks, drafts or other orders for
the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the
name of the Corporation, shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or
agents of the Corporation and in such manner as shall from time to time be
determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

     SECTION 6.4. DEPOSITS. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed
shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such
banks, trust companies or other depositaries an the Board of Directors may
select.

                                   ARTICLE 7

                   CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER

     SECTION 7.1. CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES. Certificates representing shares of
the Corporation shall be in such form as may be determined by the Board of
Directors. Such certificates shall be signed by the President or a Vice
President and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary and shall be sealed
with the seal of the Corporation. All certificates for shares shall be
consecutively numbered or otherwise identified. The name of the person to whom
the 


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shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and date of
issue, shall be entered on the books of the Corporation. All certificates
surrendered to the Corporation for transfer shall be cancelled and no new
certificate shall be issued until the former certificate for a like number of
shares shall have been surrendered and cancelled, except that in case of a
lost, destroyed or mutilated certificate a now one may be issued therefor upon
such terms and indemnity to the Corporation as the Board of Directors may
prescribe.

     SECTION 7.2. TRANSFER OF SHARES. Transfers of shares of the Corporation
shall be made only on the books of the Corporation by the holder of record
thereof or by his legal representative, who shall furnish proper evidence of
authority to transfer, or by his attorney thereunto authorized by power of
attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation, and on
surrender for cancellation of the certificate for such shares. The person in
whose name shares stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed the
owner thereof for all purposes as regards the Corporation.

                                   ARTICLE 8

                                  FISCAL YEAR

     The fiscal year of the Corporation shall begin on the first day of January
in each year and end on the last day of December in each year.

                                   ARTICLE 9

                                   DIVIDENDS

     The Board of Directors may from time to time, declare, and the Corporation
may pay, dividends on its outstanding shares in the manner and upon the terms
and conditions provided by law and its Certificate of Incorporation.

                                   ARTICLE 10

                                      SEAL

     The Board of Directors may provide a corporate seal which shall be in the
form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation
and the words, "Corporate Seal, Delaware."



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                                   ARTICLE 11

                                WAIVER OF NOTICE

     Whenever any notice whatever is required to be given under the provisions
of theme By-Laws or under the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or
under the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation law, a waiver thereof
in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether
before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the
giving of such notice.

                                   ARTICLE 12

                           AMENDMENTS TO THE BY-LAWS

     These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed and new By-Laws may be
adopted at any meeting of the Board of Directors of the Corporation by a
majority of the directors present at the meeting, subject to the power of the
stockholders to alter or repeal By-Laws made by the Board of Directors.


                                     -13-