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                                                                    EXHIBIT 3.16

                   AMENDED AND RESTATED ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
                       OF THE ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF
                           AMERICAN REALTY TRUST, INC.

                                setting forth the

       CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS, PREFERENCES AND RELATIVE PARTICIPATING
      OR OPTIONAL OR OTHER SPECIAL RIGHTS, AND QUALIFICATIONS, LIMITATIONS
                             OR RESTRICTIONS THEREOF

                                       of

                 SERIES F CUMULATIVE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

                                       of

                           AMERICAN REALTY TRUST, INC.

                      (Pursuant to Section 14-2-1006 of the
                       Georgia Business Corporation Code)

                           --------------------------


         American Realty Trust, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under
the Georgia Business Corporation Code (hereinafter called the "Corporation"),
hereby certifies:

         THAT, pursuant to the authority conferred upon the board of Directors
(the "Board of Directors") by the articles of incorporation, as amended
("Articles of Incorporation") of the Corporation, and pursuant to Section
14-2-1003 of the Georgia Business Corporation Code, the Board of Directors have
recommended by unanimous written consent dated August 3, 1998, and the holders
of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of Series F Cumulative
Convertible Preferred Stock have duly adopted certain amended and restated
recitals and resolutions providing for the certificate of designations,
preferences and relative participating, optional or other special rights and
qualifications, limitations or other restrictions thereof, of a series of
special stock of the Corporation, specifically the Series F Cumulative
Convertible Preferred Stock, which amended and restated recitals and resolutions
are as follows:

         WHEREAS, Article Five of the Articles of Incorporation authorizes the
Corporation to issue not more than 100,000,000 shares of common voting stock,
$0.01 par value per share (the "Common Stock"), and 20,000,000 shares of a
special class of stock, $2.00 par value per share (the "Special Stock"), which
Special Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series and shall be


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designated as the Board of Directors may determine to have such voting powers,
preferences, limitations and relative rights with respect to the shares of each
series of the class of Special Stock of the Corporation as expressly provided in
a resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such series adopted by
the Board of Directors which is vested with the authority in respect thereof;

         WHEREAS, 16,681 shares of such Special Stock have been previously
designated as the Series C 10% Cumulative Preferred Stock prior to the date
hereof, all of which have been issued and are outstanding;

         WHEREAS, 91,000 shares of such Special Stock have been previously
designated as the Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock prior to the date hereof,
none of which has been issued or is outstanding;

         WHEREAS, 80,000 shares of such Special Stock have been previously
designated as the Series E Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock prior to the
date hereof, none of which has been issued or is outstanding;

         WHEREAS, 7,500,000 shares of such Special Stock have been previously
designated as the Series F Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock prior to the
date hereof, 3,350,000 shares of which have been issued and are currently
outstanding;

         WHEREAS, 12,000 shares of such Special Stock have been previously
designated as the Series G Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock prior to the
date hereof, 1,000 shares of which have been issued and are outstanding;

         WHEREAS, 231,750 shares of such Special Stock have been previously
designated as the Series H Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock prior to the
date hereof, none of which has been issued or is outstanding; and

         WHEREAS, the Board of Directors now desires to amend and restate the
Articles of Amendment of the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation
setting forth the certificate of designations, preferences and relative
participating or optional or other special rights, and qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of the Corporation's Series F Cumulative Convertible
Preferred Stock to (i) increase the number of authorized shares of such series
to 15,000,000, and (ii) modify the voting rights with respect to such series in
order to satisfy the listing criteria of the New York Stock Exchange, all as set
forth herein.

         NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that pursuant to the authority granted
to the Board of Directors by Article Five of the Articles of Incorporation, and
with the unanimous consent and approval of the holders of a majority of the
issued and outstanding shares of Series F Cumulative Convertible Preferred
Stock, the Board of Directors hereby amends and restates the Articles of
Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation setting forth the certificate of
designations, preferences

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and relative participating or optional or other special rights, and
qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the Corporation's Series F
Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock as follows:

1.       Designation and Amount. The shares of such series shall be designated
         as "Series F Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock" (the "Series F
         Preferred Stock") and each share of the Series F Preferred Stock shall
         have a par value of $2.00 per share and a preference on liquidation as
         specified in Section 6 below. The number of shares constituting the
         Series F Preferred Stock shall be 15,000,000. Such number of shares may
         be increased or decreased by the Board of Directors by filing articles
         of amendment as provided in the Georgia Business Corporation Code;
         provided, that no decrease shall reduce the number of shares of Series
         F Preferred Stock to a number less than the number of shares then
         outstanding plus the number of shares reserved for issuance upon the
         exercise of outstanding options, rights or warrants; provided further,
         that no increase in the authorized amount of shares constituting Series
         F Preferred Stock shall be made without the prior written consent of
         the holders of a majority of shares of Series F Preferred Stock then
         outstanding voting separately as a class.

2.       Dividends and Distributions.

         (A)      The holders of shares of Series F Preferred Stock shall be
                  entitled to receive, when, as, and if declared by the Board of
                  Directors and to the extent permitted under the Georgia
                  Business Corporation Code, out of funds legally available for
                  the purpose and in preference to and with priority over
                  dividends upon all Junior Securities, quarterly cumulative
                  dividends payable in arrears in cash on the fifteenth day
                  following the end of each calendar quarter (each such date
                  being referred to herein as a "Quarterly Dividend Payment
                  Date"), commencing on October 15, 1998, in an amount per share
                  (rounded to the next highest cent) equal to 10% per annum of
                  the Adjusted Liquidation Value, as determined immediately
                  prior to the beginning of such calendar quarter assuming each
                  year consists of 360 days and each quarter consists of 90
                  days. The term "Adjusted Liquidation Value" shall mean
                  Liquidation Value (as defined in Section 6) plus all accrued
                  and unpaid dividends through the applicable date. The
                  foregoing is intended to provide a 10% cumulative return,
                  compounded on a quarterly basis, on the Liquidation Value from
                  August 16, 1998.

         (B)      Dividends shall commence accruing cumulatively on outstanding
                  shares of the Series F Preferred Stock from August 16, 1998 to
                  and including the date on which the Redemption Price (as
                  defined in Section 9(A), below) of such shares is paid,
                  whether or not such dividends have been declared and whether
                  or not there are profits, surplus or other funds of the
                  Corporation legally available for the payment of such
                  dividends. Dividends for the first Quarterly Dividend Payment
                  Date shall accrue and shall be payable for a period of 45
                  days. Dividends payable on each Quarterly Dividend Payment
                  Date shall be dividends accrued and unpaid through the last
                  Business Day (as defined in Section 3(A) below) of the
                  immediately preceding calendar month. The Board of Directors
                  may fix a record date for the determination

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                  of holders of shares of Series F Preferred Stock entitled to
                  receive payment of a dividend or distribution declared thereon
                  other than a quarterly dividend paid on the Quarterly Dividend
                  Payment Date immediately after such dividend accrued; which
                  record date shall be not more than 50 days prior to the date
                  fixed for the payment thereof.

   
         (C)      So long as any shares of the Series F Preferred Stock are
                  outstanding, the Corporation will not make, directly or
                  indirectly, any distribution (as such term is defined in the
                  Georgia Business Corporation Code) in respect of Junior
                  Securities unless on the date specified for measuring
                  distributions in Section 14-2-640(e) of the Georgia Business
                  Corporation Code (a) all accrued dividends on the Series F
                  Preferred Stock for all past quarterly dividend periods have
                  been paid in full and the full amount of accrued dividends for
                  the then current quarterly dividend period has been paid or
                  declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set
                  apart and (b) after giving effect to such distribution (i) the
                  Corporation would not be rendered unable to pay its debts as
                  they become due in the usual course of business and (ii) the
                  Corporation's total assets would not be less than the sum of
                  its total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed, if
                  the Corporation were to be dissolved at the time of the
                  distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon
                  dissolution of the holders of the Series F Preferred Stock as
                  provided in these Articles of Amendment. Dividends shall not
                  be paid (in full or in part) or declared and set apart for
                  payment (in full or in part) on any series of Special Stock
                  (including the Series F Preferred Stock) for any dividend
                  period unless all dividends, in the case dividends are being
                  paid in full on the Series F Preferred Stock, or a ratable
                  portion of all dividends (i.e., so that the amount paid on
                  each share of each series of Special Stock as a percentage of
                  total accrued and unpaid dividends for all periods with
                  respect to each such share is equal), in the case dividends
                  are not being paid in full on the Series F Preferred Stock,
                  have been or are, contemporaneously, paid and declared and set
                  apart for payment on all outstanding series of Special Stock
                  (including the Series F Preferred Stock) entitled thereto for
                  each dividend period terminating on the same or earlier date.
                  If at any time the Corporation pays less than the total amount
                  of dividends then accrued with respect to the Series F
                  Preferred Stock, such payment will be distributed ratably
                  among the then holders of Series F Preferred Stock so that an
                  equal amount is paid with respect to each outstanding share.
    

3.       Conversion Rights.

         (A)      The Series F Preferred Stock may be converted at any time and
                  from time to time in whole or in part after the earliest to
                  occur of (i) August 15, 2003, (ii) the first Business Day, if
                  any, occurring after a Quarterly Dividend Payment Date on
                  which dividends equal to or in excess of 5% of the Liquidation
                  Value (i.e., $0.50 per share) are accrued and unpaid, or (iii)
                  the Corporation becomes obligated to mail a statement pursuant
                  to subsection (G)(iv) below, at the option of the holders
                  thereof,

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                  in accordance with subsection (D) below at the Conversion
                  Price (as defined below in subsection (D)) into fully paid and
                  nonassessable Common Stock of the Corporation by dividing (i)
                  the Adjusted Liquidation Value for such share of Series F
                  Preferred Stock as of the date of conversion by (ii) the
                  Conversion Price; provided, however, that as to any shares of
                  Series F Preferred Stock which shall have been called for
                  redemption, the right of conversion shall terminate at the
                  close of business on the second full Business Day (unless
                  otherwise provided, "Business Day" herein shall mean any day
                  other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking
                  institutions in Dallas, Texas are authorized or obligated by
                  law or executive order to remain closed) prior to the date
                  fixed for redemption. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
                  herein provided, the Corporation may elect to redeem the
                  shares of Series F Preferred Stock sought to be converted
                  hereunder instead of issuing shares of Common Stock in
                  replacement thereof in accordance with the provisions of
                  Section 3(D), below.

         (B)      For purposes of this Section 3, the term "Conversion Price"
                  shall be and mean the amount obtained (rounded upward to the
                  next highest cent) by multiplying (i) 0.9 by (ii) the simple
                  average of the daily closing price of the Common Stock for the
                  twenty Business Days ending on the last Business Day of the
                  calender week immediately preceding the date of conversion on
                  the New York Stock Exchange or, if the shares of Common Stock
                  are not then being traded on the New York Stock Exchange, then
                  on the principal stock exchange (including without limitation
                  NASDAQ NMS or NASDAQ Small Cap) on which such Common Stock is
                  then listed or admitted to trading as determined by the
                  Corporation (the "Principal Stock Exchange") or, if the Common
                  Stock is not then listed or admitted to trading on a Principal
                  Stock Exchange, the average of the last reported closing bid
                  and asked prices on such days in the over-the-counter market
                  or, if no such prices are available, the fair market value per
                  share of the Common Stock, as determined by the Board of
                  Directors of the Corporation in its sole discretion. The
                  Conversion Price shall not be subject to any adjustment as a
                  result of the issuance of any additional shares of Common
                  Stock by the Corporation for any purpose, except for stock
                  splits (whether accomplished by stock dividend or otherwise).
                  For purposes of calculating the Conversion Price, the term
                  "Business Day" shall mean a day on which the exchange looked
                  to for purposes of determining the Conversion Price is open
                  for business or, if no such exchange, the term "Business Day"
                  shall have the meaning given such term in Section 3(A), above.

         (C)      Upon any conversion, fractional shares of Common Stock shall
                  not be issued but any fractions shall be adjusted by the
                  delivery of one additional share of Common Stock in lieu of
                  any cash. Any accrued but unpaid dividends shall be
                  convertible into shares of Common Stock as provided for in
                  this Section. The Corporation shall pay all issue taxes, if
                  any, incurred in respect to the issuance of Common Stock on
                  conversion, provided, however, that the Corporation shall not
                  be required to pay any transfer or other taxes incurred by
                  reason of the issuance of such Common Stock in

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                  names other than those in which the Series F Preferred Stock
                  surrendered for conversion may stand.

         (D)      Any conversion of Series F Preferred Stock into Common Stock
                  shall be made by the surrender to the Corporation, at the
                  office of the Corporation set forth in Section 12 hereof or at
                  the office of the transfer agent for such shares, of the
                  certificate or certificates representing the Series F
                  Preferred Stock to be converted, duly endorsed or assigned
                  (unless such endorsement or assignment be waived by the
                  Corporation), together with a written request for conversion.
                  The Corporation shall either (i) issue as of the date of
                  receipt by the Corporation of such surrender shares of Common
                  Stock calculated as provided above and evidenced by a stock
                  certificate delivered to the holder as soon as practicable
                  after the date of such surrender or (ii) within two Business
                  Days after the date of such surrender advise the holder of the
                  Series F Preferred Stock that the Corporation is exercising
                  its option to redeem the Series F Preferred Stock pursuant to
                  Section 3(A), above, in which case the Corporation shall have
                  thirty (30) days from the date of such surrender to pay to the
                  holder cash in an amount equal to the Conversion Price for
                  each share of Series F Preferred Stock so redeemed. The date
                  of surrender of any Series F Preferred Stock shall be the date
                  of receipt by the Corporation or its agent of such surrendered
                  shares of Series F Preferred Stock.

         (E)      A number of authorized shares of Common Stock sufficient to
                  provide for the conversion of the Series F Preferred Stock
                  outstanding upon the basis hereinbefore provided shall at all
                  times be reserved for such conversion. If the Corporation
                  shall propose to issue any securities or to make any change in
                  its capital structure which would change the number of shares
                  of Common Stock into which each share of Series F Preferred
                  Stock shall be convertible as herein provided, the Corporation
                  shall at the same time also make proper provision so that
                  thereafter there shall be a sufficient number of shares of
                  Common Stock authorized and reserved for conversion of the
                  outstanding Series F Preferred Stock on the new basis.

   
         (F)      The term "Common Stock" shall mean stock of the class
                  designated as Common Stock of the Corporation on the date the
                  Series F Preferred Stock is created or stock of any class or
                  classes resulting from any reclassification or
                  reclassifications thereof, the right of which to share in
                  distributions of both earnings and assets is without
                  limitation in the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation
                  as to any fixed amount or percentage and which are not subject
                  to redemption; provided, that if at any time there shall be
                  more than one such resulting class, the shares of each such
                  class then issuable on conversion of the Series F Preferred
                  Stock shall be substantially in the proportion which the total
                  number of shares of stock of each such class resulting from
                  all such reclassifications bears to the total number of shares
                  of stock of all such classes resulting from all such
                  reclassifications.
    


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         (G)      In case the Corporation shall propose at any time before all
                  shares of the Series F Preferred Stock have been redeemed by
                  or converted into Common Stock of the Corporation:

                           (i)     to pay any dividend on the Common Stock
                  outstanding payable in Common Stock or to make any other
                  distribution, other than cash dividends to the holders of the
                  Common Stock outstanding; or

                           (ii)    to offer for subscription to the holders of 
                  the Common Stock outstanding any additional shares of any
                  class or any other rights or option; or

                           (iii)   to effect any re-classification or
                  recapitalization of the Common Stock outstanding involving a
                  change in the Common Stock, other than a subdivision or
                  combination of the Common Stock outstanding; or

                           (iv)    to merge or consolidate with or into any 
                  other corporation (unless the Corporation is the surviving
                  entity and holders of Common Stock continue to hold such
                  Common Stock without modification and without receipt of any
                  additional consideration), or to sell, lease, or convey all or
                  substantially all its property or business, or to liquidate,
                  dissolve or wind up;

         then, in each such case, the Corporation shall mail to the holders of
         record of each of the shares of Series F Preferred Stock at their last
         known addresses as shown by the Corporation's records a statement,
         signed by an officer of the Corporation, with respect to the proposed
         action, such statement to be so mailed at least thirty (30) days prior
         to the date of the taking of such action or the record date for holders
         of the Common Stock for the purposes thereof, whichever is earlier. If
         such statement relates to any proposed action referred to in clauses
         (iii) or (iv) of this subsection (G), it shall set forth such facts
         with respect thereto as shall reasonably be necessary to inform the
         holders of the Series F Preferred Stock as to the effect of such action
         upon the conversion rights of such holders.

4.       Voting Rights and Powers. The holders of shares of Series F Preferred
         Stock shall have only the following voting rights:

         (A)      Except as may otherwise be specifically required by law under
                  Section 14-2-1004 of the Georgia Business Corporation Code or
                  otherwise provided herein, the holders of the shares of Series
                  F Preferred Stock shall not have the right to vote such stock,
                  directly or indirectly, at any meeting of the shareholders of
                  the Corporation, and such shares of stock shall not be counted
                  in determining the total number of outstanding shares to
                  constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders;

         (B)      In the event that, under the circumstances, the holders of the
                  Series F Preferred Stock are required by law to vote upon any
                  matter, the approval of such series shall be

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                  deemed to have been obtained only upon the affirmative vote of
                  the holders of a majority of the shares of the Series F
                  Preferred Stock then outstanding;

         (C)      Except as set forth herein, or as otherwise provided by the
                  Articles of Incorporation or by law, holders of the Series F
                  Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights and their consent
                  shall not be required for the taking of any corporate action;

         (D)      Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if and
                  whenever at any time or times all or any portion of the
                  dividends on Series F Preferred Stock for any six quarterly
                  dividends, whether or not consecutive, shall be in arrears and
                  unpaid, then and in any such event, the number of Directors
                  constituting the Board of Directors shall be increased by two,
                  and the holders of Series F Preferred Stock, voting separately
                  as a class, shall be entitled at the next annual meeting of
                  shareholders, or at a special meeting of holders of Series F
                  Preferred Stock called as hereinafter provided, to elect two
                  Directors to fill such newly created Directorships. Each
                  holder shall be entitled to one vote in such election for each
                  share of Series F Preferred Stock held. At such time as all
                  arrearages in dividends on the Series F Preferred Stock shall
                  have been paid in full and dividends thereon for the current
                  quarterly period shall have been paid or declared and a sum
                  sufficient for the payment thereof set aside, then (i) the
                  voting rights of holders of Series F Preferred Stock described
                  in this subsection (D) shall cease (subject always to
                  revesting of such voting rights in the event of each and every
                  similar future arrearages in quarterly dividends), (ii) the
                  term of the Directors then in office as a result of the voting
                  rights described in this subsection (D) shall terminate and
                  (iii) the number of Directors shall be reduced by the number
                  of Directors then in office elected pursuant to this
                  subsection (D). A vacancy in the class of Directors elected
                  pursuant to this subsection (D) shall be filled by a Director
                  chosen by the remaining Directors of the class, unless such
                  vacancy is filled pursuant to the final sentence of subsection
                  (G);

         (E)      At any time when the voting right described in subsection (D)
                  shall have vested and shall remain in the holders of Series F
                  Preferred Stock, such voting right may be exercised initially
                  either at a special meeting of holders of Series F Preferred
                  Stock or at any annual or special shareholders' meeting called
                  for the purpose of electing Directors, but thereafter it shall
                  be exercised only at annual shareholders' meetings. If such
                  voting right shall not already have been initially exercised,
                  the Secretary of the Corporation may, and upon the written
                  request of the holders of record of at least 10% of the shares
                  of Series F Preferred Stock then outstanding shall, call a
                  special meeting of the holders of Series F Preferred Stock for
                  the purpose of electing two Directors pursuant to subsection
                  (D), and notice thereof shall be given to the holders of
                  Series F Preferred Stock in the same manner as that required
                  to be given to holders of the Corporation's Common Stock for
                  the annual meeting of shareholders. Such meeting shall be held
                  at the earliest practicable date upon the notice required for

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                  special meetings of shareholders of the Corporation, or, if
                  none, at a time and place designated by the Secretary of the
                  Corporation.

         (F)      At any meeting held for the purpose of electing Directors at
                  which the holders of Series F Preferred Stock shall have the
                  right to elect Directors as provided in subsection (D) above,
                  the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of at least
                  thirty-five percent (35%) of the then outstanding shares of
                  Series F Preferred Stock shall be required and be sufficient
                  to constitute a quorum of Series F Preferred Stock for the
                  election of Directors by Series F Preferred Stock, and the
                  vote of the holders of a majority of such shares so present in
                  person or by proxy at any such meeting at which there shall be
                  such a quorum shall be required and be sufficient to elect the
                  members of the Board of Directors which the holders of Series
                  F Preferred Stock are entitled to elect as hereinabove
                  provided. At any such meeting or adjournment thereof, (i) the
                  absence of a quorum of the holders of Series F Preferred Stock
                  shall not prevent the election of Directors other than the
                  Directors to be elected by the holders of Series F Preferred
                  Stock and (ii) in the case of holders of Series F Preferred
                  Stock entitled to vote for the election of Directors, a
                  majority of the holders present in person or by proxy of such
                  class, if constituting less than a quorum as hereinabove
                  provided, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting for the
                  election of the Directors that the holders of such class are
                  entitled to elect, from time to time until a quorum shall be
                  present, and notice of such adjourned meeting need not be
                  given unless otherwise required by law, provided that nothing
                  herein shall affect the conduct of the meeting with respect to
                  shareholders of any other class.

         (G)      Any Director who shall have been elected or appointed pursuant
                  to Section 4(D) shall hold office for a term expiring (subject
                  to the earlier termination of the default in quarterly
                  dividends) at the next annual meeting of shareholders, and
                  during such term may be removed at any time, either with or
                  without cause, only by the affirmative vote of the holders of
                  record of a majority of the shares of Series F Preferred Stock
                  then outstanding at a special meeting of such shareholders
                  called for such purpose. Any vacancy created by such removal
                  may also be filled at such meeting.

         (H)      So long as any shares of Series F Preferred Stock remain
                  outstanding, the Corporation shall not, without the vote or
                  written consent by the holders of record of two-thirds of the
                  outstanding shares of Series F Preferred Stock, amend its
                  articles of incorporation or bylaws if such amendment would
                  materially alter or change the existing terms of the Series F
                  Preferred Stock.

5.       Reacquired Shares. Any shares of Series F Preferred Stock purchased or
         otherwise acquired by the Corporation in any manner whatsoever or
         surrendered for conversion hereunder shall no longer be deemed to be
         outstanding and all rights with respect to such shares of stock,
         including the right, if any, to receive notices and to vote, shall
         forthwith cease except, in the case of stock surrendered for conversion
         hereunder, rights of the holders thereof to receive

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         Common Stock in exchange therefor. All shares of Series F Preferred
         Stock obtained by the Corporation shall be retired and canceled
         promptly after the acquisition thereof. All such shares shall upon
         their cancellation become authorized but unissued shares of Special
         Stock and may be reissued as part of a new series of Special Stock
         subject to the conditions and restrictions on issuance set forth
         herein, in the Articles of Incorporation, or in any other Certificates
         of Designations creating a series of Special Stock or any similar stock
         or as otherwise required by law.

6.       Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up. The Liquidation Value of the
         Series F Preferred Stock shall be $10.00 per share. Upon any
         liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, and after
         paying and providing for the payment of all creditors of the
         Corporation, the holders of shares of the Series F Preferred Stock then
         outstanding shall be entitled, before any distribution or payment is
         made upon any Junior Securities (defined to be and mean the Common
         Stock and any other equity security of any kind which the Corporation
         at any time has issued, issues or is authorized to issue if the Series
         F Preferred Stock has priority over such securities as to dividends or
         upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up), to receive a liquidation
         preference in an amount in cash equal to the Adjusted Liquidation Value
         as of the date of such payment, whether such liquidation is voluntary
         or involuntary, and the holders of the Series F Preferred Stock shall
         not be entitled to any other or further distributions of the assets.
         If, upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of
         the Corporation, the net assets available for distribution shall be
         insufficient to permit payment to the holders of all outstanding shares
         of all series of Special Stock of the amount to which they respectively
         shall be entitled, then the assets of the Corporation to be distributed
         to such holders will be distributed ratably among them based upon the
         amounts payable on the shares of each such series of Special Stock in
         the event of voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
         winding up, as the case may be, in proportion to the full preferential
         amounts, together with any and all arrearages to which they are
         respectively entitled. Upon any such liquidation, dissolution or
         winding up of the Corporation, after the holders of Special Stock have
         been paid in full the amounts to which they are entitled, the remaining
         assets of the Corporation may be distributed to holders of Junior
         Securities, including Common Stock, of the Corporation. The Corporation
         will mail written notice of such liquidation, dissolution or winding
         up, not less than twenty (20) nor more than fifty (50) days prior to
         the payment date stated therein to each record holder of Series F
         Preferred Stock. Neither the consolidation nor merger of the
         Corporation into or with any other corporation or corporations, nor the
         sale or transfer by the Corporation of less than all or substantially
         all of its assets, nor a reduction in the capital stock of the
         Corporation, nor the purchase or redemption by the Corporation of any
         shares of its Special Stock or Common Stock or any other class of its
         stock will be deemed to be a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of
         the Corporation within the meaning of this Section 6.

7.       Ranking. Except as provided in the following sentence, the Series F
         Preferred Stock shall rank on a parity as to dividends and upon
         liquidation, dissolution or winding up with all other shares of Special
         Stock issued by the Corporation. The Corporation shall not issue any

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         shares of Special Stock of any series which are superior to the Series
         F Preferred Stock as to dividends or rights upon liquidation,
         dissolution or winding up of the Corporation as long as any shares of
         the Series F Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding, without the
         prior written consent of the holders of at least 662/3% of such shares
         of Series F Preferred Stock then outstanding voting separately as a
         class.

8.       Redemption at the Option of the Holder. The shares of Series F
         Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable at the option of a holder of
         Series F Preferred Stock.

9.       Redemption at the Option of the Corporation.

         (A)      In addition to the redemption right of the Corporation set
                  forth in Section 3(A), above, the Corporation shall have the
                  right to redeem all or a portion of the Series F Preferred
                  Stock issued and outstanding at any time and from time to
                  time, at its option, for cash. The redemption price of the
                  Series F Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 9 shall be
                  an amount per share (the "Redemption Price") equal to (i) 105%
                  of the Adjusted Liquidation Value as of the Redemption Date
                  (as defined in subsection (B) below) during the period from
                  August 15, 1997 through August 15, 1998; (ii) 104% of Adjusted
                  Liquidation Value as of the Redemption Date during the period
                  from August 16, 1998 through August 15, 1999; and (iii) 103%
                  of the Adjusted Liquidation Value as of the Redemption Date at
                  any time on or after August 16, 1999.

         (B)      The Corporation may redeem all or a portion of any holder's
                  shares of Series F Preferred Stock by giving such holder not
                  less than twenty (20) days nor more than thirty (30) days
                  notice thereof prior to the date on which the Corporation
                  desires such shares to be redeemed, which date shall be a
                  Business Day (the "Redemption Date"). Such notice shall be
                  written and shall be hand delivered or mailed, postage
                  prepaid, to the holder (the "Redemption Notice"). The
                  Redemption Notice, once given, shall be irrevocable. If
                  mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when
                  deposited in the United States Mail, postage prepaid,
                  addressed to the holder of shares of Series F Preferred Stock
                  at his address as it appears on the stock transfer records of
                  the Corporation. The Redemption Notice shall state (i) the
                  total number of shares of Series F Preferred Stock held by
                  such holder; (ii) the total number of shares of the holder's
                  Series F Preferred Stock that the Corporation intends to
                  redeem; (iii) the Redemption Date and the Redemption Price;
                  and (iv) the place at which the holder(s) may obtain payment
                  of the applicable Redemption Price upon surrender of the share
                  certificate(s).

         (C)      If fewer than all shares of the Series F Preferred Stock at
                  any time outstanding shall be called for redemption, such
                  shares shall be redeemed pro rata, by lot drawn or other
                  manner deemed fair in the sole discretion of the Board of
                  Directors to redeem one or more such shares without redeeming
                  all such shares of Series F Preferred

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   12




                  Stock. If a Redemption Notice shall have been so mailed, at
                  least two Business Days prior to the Redemption Date the
                  Corporation shall provide for payment of a sum sufficient to
                  redeem the applicable number of shares of Series F Preferred
                  Stock subject to redemption either by (i) setting aside the
                  sum required to be paid as the Redemption Price by the
                  Corporation, separate and apart from its other funds, in trust
                  for the account of the holder(s) of the shares of Series F
                  Preferred Stock to be redeemed or (ii) depositing such sum in
                  a bank or trust company (either located in the state where the
                  principal executive office of the Corporation is maintained,
                  such bank or trust company having a combined surplus of at
                  least $20,000,000 according to its latest statement of
                  condition, or such other bank or trust company as may be
                  permitted by the Articles of Incorporation, or by law) as a
                  trust fund, with irrevocable instructions and authority to the
                  bank or trust company to give or complete the notice of
                  redemption and to pay, on or after the Redemption Date, the
                  applicable Redemption Price on surrender of certificates
                  evidencing the share(s) of Series F Preferred Stock so called
                  for redemption and, in either event, from and after the
                  Redemption Date (a) the share(s) of Series F Preferred Stock
                  shall be deemed to be redeemed, (b) such setting aside or
                  deposit shall be deemed to constitute full payment for such
                  shares(s), (c) such share(s) so redeemed shall no longer be
                  deemed to be outstanding, (d) the holder(s) thereof shall
                  cease to be a shareholder of the Corporation with respect to
                  such share(s), and (e) such holder(s) shall have no rights
                  with respect thereto except the right to receive the
                  Redemption Price for the applicable shares. Any interest on
                  the funds so deposited shall be paid to the Corporation. Any
                  and all such redemption deposits shall be irrevocable except
                  to the following extent: any funds so deposited which shall
                  not be required for the redemption of any shares of Series F
                  Preferred Stock because of any prior sale or purchase by the
                  Corporation other than through the redemption process,
                  subsequent to the date of deposit but prior to the Redemption
                  Date, shall be repaid to the Corporation forthwith and any
                  balance of the funds so deposited and unclaimed by the
                  holder(s) of any shares of Series F Preferred Stock entitled
                  thereto at the expiration of one calendar year from the
                  Redemption Date shall be repaid to the Corporation upon its
                  request or demand therefor, and after any such repayment of
                  the holder(s) of the share(s) so called for redemption shall
                  look only to the Corporation for payment of the Redemption
                  Price thereof. All shares of Series F Preferred Stock redeemed
                  shall be canceled and retired and no shares shall be issued in
                  place thereof, but such shares shall be restored to the status
                  of authorized but unissued shares of Special Stock.

         (D)      Holders whose shares of Series F Preferred Stock have been
                  redeemed hereunder shall surrender the certificate or
                  certificates representing such shares, duly endorsed or
                  assigned (unless such endorsement or assignment be waived by
                  the Corporation), to the Corporation by mail, courier or
                  personal delivery at the Corporation's principal executive
                  office or other location so designated in the Redemption
                  Notice, and upon the Redemption Date the Redemption Price
                  shall be payable to the order of the

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   13



                  person whose name appears on such certificate or certificates
                  as the owner thereof, and each surrendered certificate shall
                  be canceled and retired. In the event fewer than all of the
                  shares represented by such certificates are redeemed, a new
                  certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed
                  shares.

10.      Sinking Fund. The Corporation shall not be required to maintain any
         so-called "sinking fund" for the retirement on any basis of the Series
         F Preferred Stock.

11.      Fractional Shares. The Series F Preferred Stock may be issued in
         fractions of a share which shall entitle the holder, in proportion to
         such holder's fractional shares, to exercise voting rights, receive
         dividends, participate in distributions and to have the benefit of all
         other rights of holders of shares of Series F Preferred Stock.

12.      Notice. Any notice or request made to the Corporation in connection
         with the Series F Preferred Stock shall be given, and shall
         conclusively be deemed to have been given and received three Business
         Days following deposit thereof in writing, in the U.S. mails, certified
         mail, return receipt requested, duly stamped and addressed to the
         Corporation, to the attention of its General Counsel, at its principal
         executive offices (which shall be deemed to be the address most
         recently provided to the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as
         its principal executive offices for so long as the Corporation is
         required to file reports with the SEC).


         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, these Amended and Restated Articles of Amendment
are executed on behalf of the Corporation by its President and attested by its
Secretary as of the 23rd day of October, 1998.



                                                  /s/ Karl L. Blaha
                                                  -----------------------------
                                                  Karl L. Blaha
                                                  President

Attest:



/s/ Robert A. Waldman
- -----------------------------
Robert A. Waldman
Secretary


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