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FORM 10-K FY 1996
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended AUGUST 25, 1996
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OR
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[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________TO___________
Commission file number 0-12622
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TELCO SYSTEMS, INC
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 94-2178777
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(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. employer
incorporation or organization) identification no.)
63 NAHATAN STREET, NORWOOD, MASSACHUSETTS 02062
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(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (617) 551-0300
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.01 par value
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(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
YES X NO
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [ ]
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the
registrant was approximately $189,243,700 as of November 20, 1996.
On November 20, 1996 there were 10,689,824 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
(2) Portions of the definitive proxy statement (the "Definitive Proxy
Statement") required to be filed with Securities and Exchange Commission
relative to the Company's 1996 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated
by reference into Part III.
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Item 1. Business
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General
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The Company was incorporated in California on September 7, 1972, and
reincorporated in Delaware on December 17, 1986. Its principal office is located
at 63 Nahatan Street, Norwood, Massachusetts 02062 (telephone number is (617)
551-0300). Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms "Company" and
"Telco Systems" refer to Telco Systems, Inc. The Company is a manufacturer of
three major product lines, focused on providing integrated access for network
services: the broadband transmission products, referred to as "Broadband"; the
network access products, referred to as "Access"; and the bandwidth optimization
products, referred to as "Bandwidth Optimization".
The Company's products are deployed at the edge of the service
providers' networks to provide organizations with a flexible, cost-effective
means of transmitting voice, data, video and image traffic over public or
private networks. These products are used in a wide variety of applications by
network service providers, such as long distance carriers, Bell Operating
Companies, independent and competitive local access providers, as well as
government agencies, electric utilities, wireless service operators, and major
corporations. Its products, which can be found most often in telephone company
central offices and in private communications networks, perform functions that
range from basic signaling and multiplexing of DS0 (64kbps) low speed data and
voice traffic to digital fiber optic transmission of high-speed, high-capacity
services over SONET OC-3 (155Mbps) networks.
In January 1983, the Company acquired the fiber optics transmission
business from Raytheon Company, which evolved into the Broadband product line.
Sales of broadband transmission products in fiscal year 1996 comprised about 50%
of the Company's total revenue. In August 1984, the Company acquired TeleBit,
Inc., a manufacturer of digital transmission systems based in Lombard, Illinois.
Later, the products from this acquisition were merged with the Company's Voice
Frequency products which together evolved into the Access product line. In
fiscal 1996, sales of access products were 44% of total sales. In May 1992, the
Company acquired Magnalink Communications Corporation, a developer and
manufacturer of high speed data compression and bandwidth optimization products,
which evolved into the Bandwidth Optimization product line.
For fiscal 1996, the Company reported sales of $94.0 million and a net
loss of $15.5 million or $1.50 per share. Working capital at year end amounted
to $35.9 million, including cash and short term investments of $15.0 million.
For a more complete discussion of the results of operations, please refer to
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial
Condition found on page 12 of this report.
Broadband Products
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Primary customers of the Company's broadband products are Bell
Operating Companies and major independent telephone companies as well as
competitive and alternate access providers. Products are sold as either complete
systems or as stand-alone equipment installed by the Company, third party
installers, or by the Company's customers. A complete system may include the
fiber optic cable, which is not manufactured by the Company but is purchased
from a number of suppliers.
The most common application of the Company's broadband transmission
products is for cost-effective delivery of high capacity T1 (1.544Mbps) and T3
(45Mbps) services in the local loop applications between the telephone company
central office or hubbing sites and customers' business premises. These services
are delivered over both fiber optic technology, as well as copper-based
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HDSL (High speed Digital Subscriber Loop) technology. The Company believes that
such local loop applications will continue to grow due to the Telecommunications
Reform Act of 1996 as the local access market opens to competition.
Broadband transmission products currently manufactured by the Company
can be grouped into two categories: fiber optic terminals and multiplexers; and
network monitoring and control systems.
FIBER OPTIC TERMINALS AND MULTIPLEXERS: These systems typically consist
of digital multiplexing and a fiber optic transmitter/receiver integrated into
one functional unit. The multiplexer portion of the terminal unit combines
digital inputs from multiple sources into one digital output. Multiplexers can
be combined in order to achieve higher transmission rates. The basic function of
the transmitter portion of a terminal is to convert electronic input into a
series of light pulses for transmission over optical fiber. The receiver
function of a terminal reconverts the light pulses received over the fiber into
digital electronic signals. To meet the various needs of the public and private
telephone networks, the Company offers products for transmitting at different
capacities.
The Company offers modular fiber optic terminals that enable the
customer to upgrade its system by adding modules as increased capacity is
required. The Company's terminals, depending on bit-rate and other design
configurations, can accommodate transmission over distances of up to 60
kilometers. Prices for a typical system are dependent on configuration and
accordingly can range from $5,000 to $30,000 per terminal.
The broadband transmission multiplexers support speeds ranging from T1
(1.544Mbps) to SONET OC3 (155Mbps). These systems can connect into asynchronous
or SONET digital cross-connect systems in a service providers' central office.
NETWORK MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS: The Company offers a modular
computer-based management system that is used to configure the products, monitor
and control their operations, and to identify failure of specific multiplexers
or terminals in the network. It also detects and reports system signal
degradation, allowing an operator to identify potential failures before they
occur and to schedule preventative maintenance.
Access Products
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Primary customers of the Company's access products are long distance
service providers, competitive and alternate local access providers, Bell
Operating Companies, government agencies, electric utilities and wireless
service operators. In many cases, the products are purchased by the service
providers, but are installed on customer premises or are leased to private
network users. These products comply with both North American and
international standards, and are sold worldwide.
The Company's network access products are designed for the digital
multiplexing of voice and data traffic of up to T1 and E1 rates. The trend
towards increased use of public network services for voice, data and video
applications has created greater demand for customer premises access
multiplexers. The Company's access servers enables integration of multiple
slower-speed lines and services onto a single or multiple, high-speed, T1/E1
access facility, ultimately saving access line charges for end users. They
support interfaces for various types of telephony and data services, such as
POTS, Centrex extensions, P-Phones, switched data, ISDN and Frame Relay. In
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addition, the Company provides a network management system which is designed to
control its intelligent transmission products.
Typical prices for network access equipment range from $5,000 to $15,000.
NETWORK ACCESS SERVERS: The Company's Access50 and Access60 network
access servers provide highly reliable digital access to public, private and
hybrid networks. They integrate multiple business applications through
cost-effective connections to dedicated, switched and packet network services,
and support multiple networking functions such as T1/E1 add/drop multiplexing,
grooming and digital cross-connection. They also support advanced services such
as ISDN and Frame Relay. The products provide complete redundant architecture
for fail-safe operation, a must for service providers.
DIGITAL MULTIPLEXER PRODUCTS: The Company's products use digital
technology and provide over 40 different plug-in printed circuit cards to
support a large variety of analog and digital voice, data, and video
applications. The products provide conversion of analog signals into digital
information, combine them with additional digital data inputs and enable them to
be processed and transmitted at high speed over copper wires. The Company
provides a full range of products from cost effective digital channel banks to
high-functionality DSU/CSU.
NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM: The Company offers a
standards-based SNMP network management system for its Access50/60 network
access servers and Access35 network access multiplexer. It also offers a
software-based management and control system, which is designed to control the
Route-24 and network access multiplexer and DCB-24 digital channel bank. This
system remotely manages voice and data mix, bandwidth allocation, and selective
access to special services offered by T1 carriers. In addition, it can be used
to modify the network as user requirements change.
Bandwidth Optimization Products
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Primary customers for the Company's bandwidth optimization products are
private network users at major corporations worldwide. These products
interconnect geographically remote local area networks (LANs) through wide area
networks (WANs), with an emphasis on optimizing the utilization of WAN links. In
LAN/WAN applications, WAN links have the lowest throughput, the highest expense,
the lowest reliability, and the least security. The bandwidth optimization
products increase the throughput of WAN links by two to six times (depending on
the type of data traffic) via data compression; reduce expense of WAN links by
enabling usage of lower-speed links at higher throughput; and offer features for
improved redundancy, fault tolerance, security and privacy. Typical units are in
the $3,000 to $9,000 price range.
Marketing and Customers
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Telco Systems is engaged in a single business segment constituting the
development, manufacturing, marketing and service of integrated access solutions
for the telecommunications industry. Primary users of the Company's products are
the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), independent telephone companies,
interexchange carriers, competitive and alternate access providers, electric
utilities, wireless service operators, government agencies, value added
resellers and private network end users.
The Company's broadband transmission products and network access
products are generally sold to specialized common carriers and telephone
operating companies on an off-the-shelf basis. Typically, the products have been
evaluated by such customers and approved for purchase in advance. Both network
access and broadband products are manufactured by the Company based on
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forecasted usage. Sales to the RBOCs accounted for 37% of sales in fiscal 1996,
29% of sales in fiscal 1995 and 37% of sales in fiscal 1994. RBOC sales include
sales to NYNEX of 31% in fiscal 1996, 17% in fiscal 1995 and 21% in fiscal 1994.
NYNEX has become a significant customer of the Broadband Business Unit. A
material curtailment in the NYNEX order rate, if not offset by sales to other
customers, would result in insufficient gross margin to cover the current level
of operating costs and would adversely impact total company results. Other
significant customers are Sprint which represented 13% of sales in fiscal 1996,
18% of sales in fiscal 1995 and 14% of sales in fiscal 1994. Sales to Walker and
Associates accounted for 11% of sales in fiscal 1996.
The Company markets its products through a combination of its own sales
force, value-added resellers and distributors. Installation is primarily
performed by third party providers. The Company has technical support and
applications engineering personnel and offers training of customer personnel.
Orders and Backlog
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In fiscal 1996, the Company received orders totaling $113.5 million. Of
this amount, $58.4 million was for broadband transmission products, $49.8
million was for network access products, and $5.3 million was for bandwidth
optimization products. Firm backlog shippable within a twelve-month period was
approximately $24.8 million at the end of fiscal 1996, compared to approximately
$5.5 million at the end of fiscal 1995. Broadband transmission products
comprised 44% of the backlog for fiscal year 1996 and 7% for fiscal 1995.
Network access products represented 54% of backlog in 1996 and 85% of backlog in
1995. The Company's order trend is characterized by short customer-scheduled
delivery cycles. Accordingly, a substantial portion of sales in each fiscal
quarter are derived from orders received in the quarter. In the Company's
experience, its backlog at a given time is not necessarily indicative of
prospective sales volume. In addition to the short delivery cycles, customers
may revise scheduled delivery dates, revise product configuration or cancel
orders.
Competition
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The Company competes in its markets based upon price/performance
advantages offered by a number of its products, certain product features, and
its ability to meet customer delivery requirements on a timely basis. Most of
the Company's competitors have greater financial, technological and personnel
resources than the Company. The Company's competitors in the broadband
transmission market are predominantly large, full-line, integrated manufacturers
of telecommunications equipment, such as AT&T, Fujitsu, Northern Telecom
Limited, Alcatel, NEC and ADC. Many of these competitors have introduced newer
SONET transmission products which the telephone operating companies are
deploying in public networks. The availability of such SONET products by
competitors provides a distinct product advantage for them in certain customer
applications. However, the higher cost of the SONET products, typically 20-50%
more expensive than the asynchronous transmission products, is providing a
demand for the Company's asynchronous products in certain customer applications.
The Company's principal competitors with respect to the network access product
market include Premisys Communications, Newbridge Networks, Tellabs and
Coastcomm. The Company believes that it has substantially strengthened its
competitive position in this market with the availability of newer features for
the Access50 and Access60 product lines, as well as with a broadened network of
distributors. The Company also believes that the redundancy and the fail-safe
nature of the Access50/60 architecture makes the product more suitable for the
service providers market. Primary competitors for bandwidth optimization
products are Fastcom and Symplex, which focus on data compression technologies
for lower data rates in the range of 64Kbps. The Company believes that its data
compression technology has significant cost and performance advantages for
higher data rates in the range of 256Kbps and 1.544Mbps.
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Research and Development
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During fiscal 1996, the Company centralized its R&D efforts into two
technology centers located in Norwood, Massachusetts and Fremont, California. In
the broadband transmission product area, the Company is concentrating its
research and development efforts on new products for delivering ATM-based
advanced services in the local loop distribution portion of the telephone
network. In the network access product area, development programs continue for
further enhancements and newer features for digital loop access applications for
Access50 and Access60 Network Access servers and Access35 Network Access
Multiplexer. Programs for new products are based on market analysis and
estimates of customer demand which are subject to continuing change. Therefore,
there can be no assurance that sales of such products will meet current
expectations.
Spending on research and development activities of $18.0 million
represented 19% of sales in fiscal 1996. This compares with $18.2 million in
fiscal 1995 and $16.0 million in fiscal 1994 which represented 20% and 16% of
sales in each year, respectively. The Company's overall spending for research
and development is expected to remain at the 1996 level in fiscal 1997 to meet
schedules for new products.
From time to time the Company has employed consultants to perform
research and development functions. The Company plans to continue this practice
as a means of augmenting its internal research and development capabilities.
Employees
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As of August 25, 1996, the Company had 388 employees, of whom 110 were
in sales, sales support and marketing, 83 in product development, 145 in
manufacturing and 50 in administration. Competition for highly skilled
engineering, managerial, sales, marketing and product development personnel is
very intense. The Company believes that its future success will depend in large
part on its ability to attract and retain such individuals. Accordingly, the
loss of key personnel could materially and adversely affect the Company's
business, results of operations and financial condition. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be successful in attracting and retaining the
personnel required to engineer, manage, market or develop its products and
conduct its operations successfully. The Company considers its employee
relations to be excellent and is not a party to any collective bargaining
agreement.
Manufacturing
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The Company's manufacturing process primarily involves the assembly of
electronic components onto custom-designed printed circuit boards, incorporating
these boards into larger system packages, and testing the finished products to
assure their proper functioning in accordance with customers' specifications.
Most components used in the process are standard electrical, electronic and
mechanical parts available from many suppliers. The Company does, however,
currently depend on various single sources to supply certain custom-designed
components used in its products. To balance single source dependence, the
Company will maintain higher inventory levels or seek to qualify secondary
sources where appropriate.
During the latter half of fiscal 1996, the Company's management
approved a plan to consolidate its manufacturing operations into its facility
located in Norwood, Massachusetts. This plan is expected to be completed by the
end of calendar 1996. Please refer to note 8 to the consolidated financial
statements for a more complete discussion of the 1996 restructuring plan.
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Approximately 85% of the Company's older network access equipment is
manufactured by a subcontractor at facilities in Malaysia and Singapore.
Inspection, final test and system assembly is performed at the Company's
Fremont, California facility, which will move to Norwood, Massachusetts by end
of calendar 1996. Approximately 20% of the Company's broadband transmission
products are manufactured by a subcontractor in Singapore. Inspection, final
test and system assembly is performed at the Company's Norwood, Massachusetts
facility. The Company presently maintains a favorable relationship with these
vendors and does not presently anticipate any difficulties that would prevent
timely procurement of scheduled product. As a backup to these principal
sub-contractors, the Company maintains an in-house ability to manufacture these
products.
The Company maintains a non-exclusive volume purchase agreement with a
major distributor of electronic components. The benefits of this agreement to
the Company are principally discounts and product availability at certain
purchasing levels. This agreement does not contain purchase commitments.
Although the Company has not experienced significant difficulty in obtaining
desired quantities from any of its single sources or other vendors, business
could be adversely affected if components used in its products were not
available on a timely basis.
Regulatory and Legislative Matters
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Regulations of the Federal Communications Commission affect various
products of the Company. Certain regulations require that products which reside
on a customer's premises and interconnect the public switched network meet
certain standards to prevent harm to the network. Other regulations limit the
levels of electromagnetic radiation which may emanate from an electronic device
located on a customer's premise. The Company currently complies with these
regulations and sees no problem in complying with these regulations in the
future. Changes in existing laws and regulations which govern the
telecommunication industry could affect the business of the Company.
Patents
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The Company currently holds several patents and has patent applications
pending approval. Management believes, however, that timely implementation of
technological advances, responsiveness to market requirements, depth of
technical expertise and a high level of customer service and support are more
important to its success than patent rights.
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Executive Officers of Registrant
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Following is a list of the Company's executive officers, within the
meaning of item 401 (b) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934.
Name Age Position
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William B. Smith, Ph.D. 52 President and Chief Executive Officer
John A. Ruggiero 60 Vice Chairman of the Board and
Chief Financial Officer
Wayne R. Lasson 50 Group Vice President and
General Manager
Kenneth J. Hamer Hodges 51 Vice President, Chief Technical Officer
Richard J. Nardone 48 Vice President, Corporate Resources
Anand S. Parikh 37 Vice President, Marketing and Business
Development
C.G. (Bill) Waters 44 Vice President, Global Sales
Philip D. Wilson 51 Vice President, Engineering
Dr. Smith Has been Chief Executive Officer since March of 1996. He joined
the Company as President and Chief Operating Officer in 1995. Prior to that he
was Senior Vice President of US West, Inc. and President of US West Advanced
Technologies since 1991. Prior to that, he was Executive Director of AT&T Bell
Laboratories since 1986.
Mr. Ruggiero has been Vice Chairman since March of 1996. Prior to that he
was Chief Executive Officer since 1994. Prior to that he was Chief Operating
Officer since 1993 and Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and
Secretary since 1986.
Mr. Lasson joined the Company in November 1995 as Group Vice President and
General Manager. Prior to that he was Senior Vice President, Video Products
Division of Compression Labs, Inc., a manufacturer of video conferencing systems
since 1992. Prior to that he was Corporate Vice President, Operations with
Northern Telecom, Limited, a worldwide manufacturer of telecommunications
systems since 1990.
Mr. Hamer Hodges has been Vice President, Chief Technical Officer since
October 1994 and previously was Vice President of the Research and Development
activities for the Fiber Optics Division since 1992. Prior to that, he was
Assistant Vice President of Engineering at Ascom Timeplex (a manufacturer of
equipment for voice and data networks) since 1989.
Mr. Nardone has been Vice President of Corporate Resources since March of
1996 and Vice President of Human Resources since September 1995. Prior to that
he was Senior Manager of Human Resources at Ungermann-Bass Networks, Inc. ( a
manufacturer of networking systems)
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since 1992. Prior to that he was Director of Human Resources at Proteon, Inc.( a
manufacturer of networking systems).
Mr. Parikh joined the Company as Vice President of Marketing and Business
Development in 1995. Prior to that he was with Lightstream Corporation in
Billerica, Massachusetts as Vice President, Strategic Business Development since
1994 and Vice President, Marketing since 1993. Prior to that, he was General
Manager of the Broadband Networks Business Unit of UB Networks (formerly
Ungerman Bass) a manufacturer of network equipment and software, since 1991.
Prior to that, he held various senior management positions at Digital Equipment
Corp. for nine years.
Mr. Waters was appointed Vice President, Global Sales in 1996. Prior to
that he was Vice President of North American Sales since 1995 and was Vice
President, Network Access Division Sales since 1993. Prior to that, he was Vice
President, Western Area Sales for Racal Datacom (a manufacturer of data
communications equipment) for four years.
Mr. Wilson joined the Company as Vice President, Engineering in March of
1996. Prior to that he held various senior management positions with Racal
Datacom, a manufacturer of data communications equipment since 1991, most
recently as Vice President of Engineering, LAN Products and Fiber Systems.
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Item 2. Properties
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The Company's corporate offices and manufacturing operations are
located in Norwood, Massachusetts. Engineering, sales and marketing activities
are located in Norwood and Fremont, California.
The Company leases a 216,000 square foot manufacturing, research and
administration facility in Norwood, Massachusetts, that is owned by a limited
partnership in which the Company has a 50% partnership interest. Approximately
60% of this facility is utilized by the Company. Excess costs associated with
idle portions of the facility have been included in the restructuring charge
recorded by the Company in fiscal 1993. On November 11, 1994, the Company
entered into an agreement for the lease of an 85,000 square foot manufacturing,
research and administration facility in Fremont, California. During fiscal 1996,
portions of this facility were identified as excess following the consolidation
of manufacturing operations into the Norwood, Massachusetts facility. The
consolidation plan is expected to be complete by the end of calendar 1996. For a
more complete discussion of excess facilities, please refer to note 8 to the
consolidated financial statements.
The Company leases additional facilities, primarily for sales and sales
support in California, Georgia, Kansas, Texas, Hong Kong and Belgium under one
to five-year leases, each facility being between 1,000 and 5,000 square feet.
The Company believes that its present facilities are adequate for its current
level of operations.
The Company owns substantially all of its equipment.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
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There are no material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party
or of which any of its properties is the subject.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Securities Holders
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No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders of the Company
through solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the fourth quarter of
fiscal 1996.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder
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Matters
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Telco Systems' common stock is traded on the NASDAQ National Market under the
symbol "TELC." The quarterly price ranges for the Company's common stock are as
follows:
Fiscal Year
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1996 1995
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High Low High Low
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First Quarter ................. 14 3/4 9 3/4 18 11 5/8
Second Quarter ................ 12 3/8 9 1/4 17 3/4 12 1/2
Third Quarter ................. 16 3/8 8 3/8 13 5/8 9 5/8
Fourth Quarter................. 18 3/8 11 3/8 14 9 5/8
The Company has never declared or paid any dividends on its common stock
and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
At August 25, 1996, the number of holders of the Company's common stock
was 446. The Company believes that many of its shares are held by individual
participants in security listing positions or "street names" and estimates there
are an additional 6,900 beneficial holders as of August 25, 1996.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
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Five years ended August 25, 1996
1996 1995 1994 1993 1992
(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)
Summary of Operations
Backlog .......................... $ 24,815 $ 5,527 $ 7,251 $ 6,714 $ 3,146
Sales ............................ 93,954 89,070 100,470 83,222 96,661
Net income (loss)* ............... (15,545) 628 4,770 (16,285) 5,909
Earnings (loss) per share ........ $ (1.50) $ .06 $ .48 $ (1.75) $ .62
Average shares and
equivalents (thousands) .......... 10,357 10,345 9,858 9,300 9,567
Year-end employment .............. 388 436 443 442 478
Balance Sheet
Working capital .................. $ 35,917 $49,915 $ 43,210 $ 36,989 $52,318
Total assets ..................... 79,504 82,439 82,202 80,551 88,932
Long-term liabilities ............ 3,350 3,490 4,443 7,852 5,615
Total shareholders' equity ....... $ 53,997 $67,405 $ 61,548 $ 54,872 $70,695
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<FN>
* The 1996 net loss includes $4,209 of restructuring costs; 1995 Net income
includes $420 of restructuring credits; 1993 net loss includes $13,605 of
restructuring costs.
The Company has never declared or paid any dividends on its common stock.
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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
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Results of Operations
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FISCAL 1996 COMPARED WITH FISCAL 1995
Sales for fiscal 1996 increased 5% to $94.0 million compared with sales in
fiscal 1995 of $89.1 million as increased shipments of broadband transmission
products and the Company's new Access 50/60 products more than offset a decrease
in sales of certain older low-end access products.
Sales of broadband transmission products, which represented 50% of total
sales, increased 30% in fiscal 1996 principally due to strong demand by some
Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) customers for the Company's asynchronous
products for use in local loop applications. Approximately 80% of the Company's
sales of these products continued to be for provision of high bandwidth fiber
optic services in the feeder or distribution section of the public telephone
network. RBOCs represented 69% and 58% of sales of broadband transmission
products in fiscal 1996 and fiscal 1995, respectively. Sales to one RBOC of
broadband products amounted to 31% and 17% of total sales in FY96 and FY95,
respectively. The Company has no assurance that RBOC customer demand will
continue at the rate experienced in fiscal 1996. Accordingly, any significant
decline would adversely impact financial results. Sales of network access
products were 44% of total sales and decreased 12% in fiscal year 1996. This
decrease was principally related to continued competitive pressure on certain
older products which was partially offset by increased demand for the Company's
new Access60 network access server and other new products. Sales of Bandwidth
Optimization products declined 3% in fiscal 1996.
Total orders booked in fiscal 1996 amounted to $113.5 million, an increase
of 30% compared with fiscal 1995 orders of $87.3 million. Increased customer
demand for both the Company's Access60 network access server and HyperSPAN
broadband multiplexers accounted for this increase. The backlog of unfilled
orders at August 25, 1996 increased 351% to $24.8 million compared with $5.5
million at the previous year end. The year end backlog is reflective of
increased demand for both network access products and broadband transmission
products and also includes early receipt of some customer stocking orders. The
Company believes that it has sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet the
increased demand.
The Company's major customers include telephone operating companies and
interexchange carriers. Sales to RBOC customers and other major telephone
companies represented 42% of total sales in fiscal 1996 compared with 35% of
total sales in fiscal 1995. The major interexchange carriers represented 19% and
23% of sales in fiscal 1996 and fiscal 1995, respectively.
The Company recorded a net loss of $15.5 million or $1.50 per share for
fiscal 1996 compared with net income of $0.6 million or $.06 per share in fiscal
1995. The fiscal 1996 net loss included a $4.2 million restructuring charge
discussed in Note 8 to the financial statements. In addition, year end results
included non-recurring charges resulting from the transfer of manufacturing
operations from the Company's Fremont, California, facility to its facility
located in Norwood, Massachusetts, which were recorded in the third quarter. As
a result of lower operating costs experienced after these actions, a favorable
adjustment to the third quarter restructuring charge of $0.5 million and record
sales in the fourth quarter of fiscal 1996, the Company reported net income of
$1.2 million or $.11 per share on sales of $29.6 million .
Gross profit in fiscal 1996 was $36.7 million and represented 39% of sales
compared with $40.5 million or 46% of sales in fiscal 1995. Gross profit was
adversely affected by additional costs for facility consolidations and by lower
product margins on the initial production of new network access products. In
addition, the Company experienced increased competitive pricing pressures on
older network access products.
Spending for research and development in fiscal 1996 was slightly below
the fiscal 1995 level. Lower spending resulted as development efforts for
certain broadband products were curtailed in conjunction with
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the Company's restructuring activities discussed in Note 8 to the financial
statements. Research and development represented 19% of sales in fiscal 1996 and
20% of sales in fiscal 1995. The Company anticipates that R&D spending will
remain at this level in fiscal 1997 as new features are added to existing
products, and products are modified to compete in the international marketplace.
In addition, development efforts are increasing for a next generation broadband
product for the future.
Sales, marketing and administration expense increased 33% to $30.4 million
compared with $22.9 million in fiscal 1995. Increased expenses resulted from
domestic sales channel development, international selling and marketing
activities and certain non-recurring administrative charges relating to facility
consolidations. Sales, marketing and administrative expenses represented 32% of
sales in fiscal 1996 and 26% of sales in fiscal 1995.
During the third quarter of fiscal 1996, the Company's management approved
a plan to restructure its operations. As a result, the Company recorded a
restructuring charge of $4.2 million which was net of a recovery of $0.6 million
associated with restructuring activities recorded in fiscal 1993. The charge
included costs associated with excess facility costs in Fremont, California, the
write-down of certain assets to net realizable value, and employee severance
costs. For a more complete discussion of the 1996 restructuring charge, please
refer to Note 8 to the financial statements.
Amortization expense relates to the acquisition of the broadband family of
products in 1983, certain channel bank products in 1984, and the acquisition of
Magnalink Communications Corporation in 1992. Amortization expense was $0.8
million in both fiscal 1996 and fiscal 1995.
Interest income was $1.1 million in fiscal 1996 compared with $1.6 million
in fiscal 1995. This decrease was principally related to a lower level of
average cash equivalents and short-term investments in fiscal 1996 compared with
fiscal 1995.
In fiscal 1996, the Company's operating loss did not generate currently
available tax benefits. In fiscal 1995, no tax provision was recorded due to the
availability of tax benefits relating to prior year operating losses and tax
credits not previously benefited.
FISCAL 1995 COMPARED WITH FISCAL 1994
Sales for fiscal 1995 decreased 11% to $89.1 million compared with
$100.5 million in fiscal 1994. This decrease was principally related to a lower
level of shipments of broadband transmission products and network access
products and was partially offset by an increase in shipments of bandwidth
optimization products.
Sales of broadband transmission products decreased 21% compared with fiscal
1994. The Company experienced a decline in demand for its principal FOX and 828
families of broadband transmission products as customers increased deployment
of competitive synchronous optical network transmission (SONET) products. Sales
to Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) represented 58% and 60% of
broadband transmission product sales in fiscal 1995 and fiscal 1994,
respectively. Approximately 80% of the Company's sales of these products
continued to be for provision of high bandwidth fiber optic services in the
feeder or distribution section of the public telephone network.
Sales of network access products decreased 6% to $46.9 million compared with
$50.0 million in fiscal 1994. A lower level of shipments of the Company's
DCB-24 and Route 24 access multiplexers resulted from increased competition in
the low end of the access products market.
Sales of bandwidth optimization products increased 41% to $5.5 million. The
increase in sales resulted from increased customer acceptance for the Company's
local and wide area network (LAN/WAN) optimizer products in both the domestic
and international marketplaces.
13
14
Total Company orders booked during fiscal 1995 amounted to $87.3 million
which reflected a decrease of 14% compared with fiscal 1994. The backlog of
unfilled orders was $5.5 million at year end compared with $7.3 million at the
previous year end. In fiscal 1995, the Company's major customers included
telephone operating companies and interexchange carriers. The RBOCs and major
telephone companies accounted for 35% of sales in fiscal 1995 and 43% of sales
in fiscal 1994. The major interexchange carriers represented 23% of total sales
in fiscal 1995 and 19% of total sales in fiscal 1994.
Net income for the year amounted to $0.6 million or $.06 per share compared
with $4.8 million or $.48 per share in fiscal 1994. Lower net income was
principally related to lower sales volume and increased spending for research
and development, offset in part by higher interest income.
Gross profit in fiscal 1995 was $40.5 million or 45.5% of sales. In
comparison, fiscal 1994 gross profit was $44.7 million or 44.5 % of sales. Most
significant to the lower gross profit amount was the reduced sales volume,
somewhat offset by an improvement in gross margin percent principally due to
favorable product mix.
The Company continued heavy investment for next generation products with
research and development expense of $18.2 million in fiscal 1995, an increase
of 14% compared with fiscal 1994. Spending for research and development
represented 20% of sales in fiscal 1995 compared with 16% in fiscal 1994.
Sales, marketing and administration expense was $22.9 million in fiscal 1995,
approximately the same level as fiscal 1994. During fiscal 1995, existing
resources were realigned to focus on strategic business initiatives and
planning for opportunities in the international marketplace.
The fiscal 1993 restructuring charge of $13.6 million associated with the
reorganization of the Broadband Transmission Products Business Unit encompassed
a reduction in employment, consolidation of facilities, and the write-down of
certain assets (see Note 8 to Consolidated Financial Statements). At the end of
fiscal 1995, the status of the excess facilities was unchanged from fiscal
1993. Costs relating to the vacated space of $1.1 million and $1.4 million were
charged to the restructuring reserve in fiscal 1995 and fiscal 1994,
respectively. Final disposition of certain assets previously written down
resulted in a gain of $0.4 million, which was reported as a restructuring
credit in the fiscal 1995 results of operations.
Amortization expense was $0.8 million in both fiscal 1995 and 1994.
Amortization expense relates to the acquisition of the broadband family of
products in 1983, certain channel bank products in 1984, and the acquisition of
Magnalink Communications Corporation in 1992.
Interest expense of $0.2 million in fiscal 1994 related to the remaining
balance of 11% convertible subordinated notes which were paid in full during
the fourth quarter of fiscal 1994.
Interest income was $1.6 million and $0.8 million in fiscal 1995 and fiscal
1994, respectively. This increase resulted from higher interest rates earned on
a higher level of cash equivalents and short-term investments.
Income tax expense in fiscal 1995 was not provided due to the utilization of
operating losses and tax credits not previously benefited. In fiscal 1994,
income tax expense was $0.7 million, which represented an effective rate of
12.7%.
14
15
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
During fiscal 1996, cash and short-term investments decreased $14.1
million resulting in a year end balance of $15.0 million compared with the
previous year end balance of $29.1 million. Net cash used for the year was an
outflow of ($16.1 million). In addition to operating losses discussed above,
cash in the amount of ($14.1 million) was used to fund increases in inventory
($6.1 million) and accounts receivable ($8.0 million) due to increased sales
volume in the second half of the year. Capital expenditures for development and
manufacturing equipment used ($6.3 million). These outflows were partly offset
by increased vendor accounts payable of $7.3 million and proceeds from the
exercise of stock options of $2.0 million.
Working capital decreased to $35.9 million at fiscal year end compared
with $49.9 million at the previous year end. The ratio of current assets to
current liabilities was 2.6 at August 25, 1996, down from 5.3 at August 27,
1995.
The Company has a $10.0 million line of credit with the Bank of Boston
which is available until September 30, 1997. Borrowings may be made at the
bank's prime rate plus one and one half percent. Although the Company did not
utilize the line during fiscal 1996, approximately $1.1 million has been
reserved to support various guarantees in effect at August 25, 1996.
Management believes that cash, short-term investments and the availability
of its line of credit will be adequate to support operating cash requirements
for the foreseeable future.
The Company has never declared or paid cash dividends on its capital
stock and does not anticipate a change to this practice in the foreseeable
future.
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE FINANCIAL RESULTS
The stockholders' letter and discussions in this annual report include
statements concerning the Company's future products, expenses, revenue,
liquidity and cash needs as well as the Company's future operations and
financial results. These forward-looking statements are based on current
expectations, and the Company assumes no obligation to update this information.
Numerous factors, such as economic and competitive conditions, incoming order
levels, shipment volumes, and product margins, could cause actual results to
differ from those described in these statements and prospective investors and
stockholders should carefully consider the foregoing factors as well as those
set forth below in evaluating these forward-looking statements.
The Company's backlog may not be representative of actual sales for any
succeeding period because of the timing of orders, delivery intervals, customer
and product mix, the possibility of changes in delivery schedules, and additions
or cancellation of orders. In addition, a significant portion of the Company's
sales in any quarter result from orders received in the same period; thus, order
delays could have a material adverse impact on sales and profit.
The Company operates in a highly competitive environment and in a highly
competitive industry, which include significant pricing pressures and intense
competition for skilled employees. Accordingly, the Company may from time to
time experience unanticipated intense competitive pressure, possibly causing
operating results to vary from those expected.
The Company's future operating results are dependent on its ability to
develop, produce and market new and innovative products and services. Critical
to the Company's growth strategy is the acceptance of the Access60 product and
certain broadband products. There are numerous risks inherent in this complex
process, including rapid technological change and the requirement that the
Company bring to market in a timely fashion new products and services which meet
customers' changing needs.
Historically, the Company has generated a disproportionate amount of its
operating revenues toward the end of each quarter, making precise prediction of
revenues and earnings particularly difficult and resulting in risk of variance
of actual results from those forecast at any time. In addition, the Company's
operating results historically have varied from fiscal period to fiscal period.
Accordingly, the Company's financial results in any particular fiscal period are
not necessarily indicative of results for future periods.
15
16
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
-------------------------------------------
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Schedules Page
------------------------------------------------------------------ ----
Report of Ernst & Young LLP Independent Auditors 17
Consolidated Statements of Operations 18
Consolidated Balance Sheets 19
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity 20
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 21
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 22
Supplementary Data (Unaudited) 29
Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules: 30
Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(All other schedules for which provision is made in
Regulation S-X are not required or are inapplicable and
therefore have been omitted.)
16
17
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Telco Systems, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Telco
Systems, Inc. as of August 25, 1996, and August 27, 1995 and the related
consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended August 25, 1996. Our audits also
included the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 14 (a).
These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position
of Telco Systems, Inc. at August 25, 1996, and August 27, 1995, and the
consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended August 25, 1996, in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial
statement schedule, when considered in relation to the financial statements
taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects the information set
forth therein.
ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
October 16, 1996
17
18
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Telco Systems, Inc.
Three years ended August 25, 1996 1996 1995 1994
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(in thousands except per share amounts)
Net sales............................. $ 93,954 $89,070 $100,470
Costs and expenses
Cost of products sold ................ 57,285 48,559 55,768
Research and development ............. 17,991 18,207 15,955
Sales, marketing and administration .. 30,408 22,945 23,082
Restructuring costs (credit) ......... 4,209 (420) --
Amortization of intangible assets .... 752 783 824
Interest expense ..................... -- -- 225
Interest income ...................... (1,146) (1,632) (845)
-------- ------- --------
109,499 88,442 95,009
-------- ------- --------
(Loss) income before income taxes .... (15,545) 628 5,461
Income tax provision ................. -- -- 691
-------- ------- --------
Net (loss) income .................... $(15,545) $ 628 $ 4,770
-------- ------- --------
Average shares and equivalents ....... 10,357 10,345 9,858
Net (loss) income per share .......... $ (1.50) $ .06 $ .48
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
18
19
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
August 25, 1996 and August 27, 1995 1996 1995
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents ................................. $ 8,461 $18,208
Short-term investments ............................... 6,581 10,895
Accounts receivable, less allowance for
doubtful accounts of $676 in 1996 ($649 in 1995) ..... 18,025 10,047
Refundable income taxes .............................. 702 1,251
Inventories, net ..................................... 23,495 18,473
Other current assets ................................. 810 2,585
------- -------
Total current assets .............................. 58,074 61,459
------- -------
Plant and equipment, at cost ........................... 45,941 41,720
Less accumulated depreciation ........................ 33,411 31,114
------- -------
Net plant and equipment ........................... 12,530 10,606
------- -------
Intangible and other assets, less accumulated
amortization of $10,935 in 1996($10,292 in 1995) ..... 8,900 10,374
------- -------
Total assets ......................................... $79,504 $82,439
======= =======
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable ..................................... $11,243 $ 3,952
Payroll and related liabilities ...................... 1,917 2,628
Other accrued liabilities ............................ 8,997 4,964
------- -------
Total current liabilities ......................... 22,157 11,544
------- -------
Restructuring and other long-term liabilities .......... 3,350 3,490
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000
shares authorized; no shares outstanding ............. -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value, 24,000,000
shares authorized; shares outstanding: 10,519,529 at
August 25, 1996; 10,230,624 at August 27, 1995 ..... 105 102
Capital in excess of par value ....................... 74,267 71,566
Accumulated deficit .................................. (19,808) (4,263)
Unearned compensation - restricted stock ............. (567) --
------- -------
Total shareholders' equity ..................... 53,997 67,405
------- -------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity ........... $79,504 $82,439
======= =======
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
19
20
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Three years ended August 25, 1996
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common Stock
----------------- Paid-in Unearned Accum
Shares Amount Capital Compensation Deficit Total
------ ------ ------- ------------ ------- -----
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance, August 29, 1993.............. 9,345,660 $ 93 $64,440 $ -- $(9,661) $ 54,872
---------- ---- ------- ----- -------- --------
Net income for year................... 4,770 4,770
Issuance of common stock:
Employee stock purchase plan........ 53,105 389 389
Exercise of stock options........... 250,286 3 1,514 -- -- 1,517
---------- ---- ------- ----- -------- --------
Balance, August 28, 1994.............. 9,649,051 96 66,343 -- (4,891) 61,548
---------- ---- ------- ----- -------- --------
Net income for year................... 628 628
Issuance of common stock:
Employee stock purchase plan........ 56,005 1 504 505
Exercise of stock options........... 525,568 5 4,719 -- -- 4,724
---------- ---- ------- ----- -------- --------
Balance, August 27, 1995.............. 10,230,624 102 71,566 -- (4,263) 67,405
---------- ---- ------- ----- -------- --------
Net (loss) for year................... (15,545) (15,545)
Issuance of common stock:
Employee stock purchase plan........ 56,010 514 514
Exercise of stock options........... 173,895 2 1,533 1,535
Restricted stock, net............... 59,000 1 654 (655)
Amortization of unearned compensation. 88 88
---------- ---- ------- ----- -------- --------
BALANCE, AUGUST 25, 1996.............. 10,519,529 $105 $74,267 $(567) $(19,808) $ 53,997
========== ==== ======= ===== ======== ========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
20
21
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Three years ended August 25, 1996 1996 1995 1994
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Dollars in thousands)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND EQUIVALENTS
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net (loss) income ..................................... $(15,545) $ 628 $ 4,770
Depreciation and amortization ......................... 5,324 4,982 5,330
Restructuring costs (credit) .......................... 4,209 (420) --
Amortization of unearned compensation ................. 88 -- --
Change in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable, net .............................. (7,978) 5,017 (4,051)
Refundable income taxes ............................... 549 (1,251) 2,060
Inventories, net ...................................... (6,074) (3,229) 2,335
Other current assets .................................. 1,775 320 (529)
Other assets .......................................... 25 (924) (128)
Accounts payable and other current liabilities ........ 9,585 (4,401) 2,271
Restructuring liabilities ............................. (1,845) (469) (3,176)
Long-term liabilities ................................. 113 (330) (120)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities ...... (9,774) (77) 8,762
-------- -------- --------
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Additions to plant and equipment, net ................. (6,336) (2,257) (2,248)
Purchase of short-term investments .................... (24,350) (29,665) (15,692)
Maturities of short-term investments .................. 28,664 29,716 4,746
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) investing activities . ............. (2,022) (2,206) (13,194)
-------- -------- --------
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Proceeds and related tax benefits from sale of common
shares under employee stock plans ................... 2,049 5,229 1,906
Payments on long-term debt ............................ -- -- (4,000)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities ... 2,049 5,229 (2,094)
-------- -------- --------
(Decrease) increase in cash and equivalents .............. (9,747) 2,946 (6,526)
Cash and equivalents at beginning of year ................ 18,208 15,262 21,788
-------- -------- --------
Cash and equivalents at end of year ...................... $ 8,461 $ 18,208 $ 15,262
-------- -------- --------
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash Paid During the Year
Interest .............................................. $ -- $ -- $ 299
Income taxes .......................................... $ 89 $ 1,235 $ 544
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
21
22
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTE 1 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION The financial statements consolidate the accounts of
Telco Systems, Inc., and its subsidiaries (the Company). Intercompany accounts
and transactions have been eliminated. The Company's fiscal year is the 52- or
53-week period ending on the last Sunday in August. All years presented are
52-week periods. Certain amounts reported in prior years have been reclassified
to be consistent with the current year's presentation.
The Company has 50% limited partnership interests in two real estate
partnerships which are accounted for by the equity method of accounting. The
aggregate net investment in these partnerships on the accompanying balance
sheets is not material (See Note 7).
In October 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123 (SFAS No. 123), "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation." The Company has determined that it will continue to
account for stock-based compensation under Accounting Principles Board No. 25
and elect the disclosure-only alternative under SFAS No. 123. The Company will
be required to disclose the pro forma net income or loss and per share amounts
in the notes to the financial statements using the fair value based method
beginning in the fiscal year ending August 31, 1997 with comparable disclosures
for the fiscal year ending August 25, 1996.
USE OF ESTIMATES IN THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The preparation of
financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
REVENUE RECOGNITION Revenues from product sales are recognized at time of
shipment to customer.
PRODUCT WARRANTY Expected future product warranty liability is provided for when
the product is sold.
CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS The Company classifies all of its
marketable securities as available-for-sale securities. These securities are
stated at their fair value. There are currently no unrealized holding gains and
losses. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturity of 91
days or less to be cash equivalents. Those instruments with maturities greater
than 91 days and less than twelve months are classified as short-term
investments. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are carried at market,
and consist of U.S. Government securities, bank certificates of deposit and
corporate issues. All securities mature within twelve months.
INVENTORIES Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. The cost of
products sold is based on standard costs, which approximate actual costs as
determined by the first-in, first-out method.
Inventories at fiscal year end were as follows:
1996 1995
-------------------
(in thousands)
Raw material...................................... $12,112 $ 9,101
Work-in-process................................... 5,560 3,060
Finished goods ................................... 5,823 6,312
------- -------
$23,495 $18,473
======= =======
22
23
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTE 1 (continued)
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Additions to plant and equipment are recorded at cost.
Depreciation is determined by using the straight-line method over the estimated
useful lives of the assets - three to eight years. Leasehold improvements are
amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful
life or the lease term.
Plant and equipment, at cost, at fiscal year end were as follows:
1996 1995
-------------------
(in thousands)
Machinery and equipment............................. $31,214 $30,154
Furniture and leasehold improvements................ 14,727 11,566
------- -------
$45,941 $41,720
======= =======
INTANGIBLE AND OTHER ASSETS Intangible assets arising in connection with
business acquisitions were $7,791,000 and $8,922,000 at August 25, 1996 and
August 27, 1995, respectively. They are amortized over lives ranging from seven
to twenty-five years using the straight-line method, with an average remaining
life of 11.7 years. The carrying value of goodwill is reviewed periodically
based on the undiscounted cash flows of the entities acquired over the remaining
amortization period. Should this review indicate that goodwill will not be
recoverable, the carrying value will be reduced by the estimated shortfall of
undiscounted cash flows. Software development costs are capitalized after a
product's technological feasibility has been established. At August 25, 1996 and
August 27, 1995, intangible and other assets included $41,000 and $279,000,
respectively, of software development costs. Amortization of software
development costs is provided using the straight-line method over an estimated
economic life of three years. During the three fiscal years ended 1996, related
amortization expense charged to cost of goods sold was $328,000, $273,000, and
$44,000, respectively.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK Financial instruments which potentially subject
the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash
equivalents, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. The Company's
temporary cash investments, which are principally limited to U.S. Government
securities and bank certificates of deposit, are subject to minimal risk. The
Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and, as a
consequence, believes that its trade accounts receivable credit risk exposure is
limited.
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE Earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding and common stock equivalents, if
dilutive. Fully diluted earnings per share did not differ significantly from
primary earnings per share in any year. Net loss per share in fiscal 1996 did
not consider common stock equivalents as the effect would be antidilutive.
NOTE 2 DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
The Company is engaged in a single business segment constituting the
development, manufacturing, and marketing of broadband transmission products,
network access products, and bandwidth optimization products for the
telecommunications industry. Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOC),
independent telephone companies, and interexchange carriers are the primary
users of the Company's products. Sales to the RBOCs accounted for 43% of sales
in fiscal 1996, 29% of sales in fiscal 1995, and 37% of sales in fiscal 1994.
RBOC sales include sales to one RBOC of 31% in fiscal 1996, 17% in fiscal 1995,
and 21% in fiscal 1994. In fiscal 1996, two additional customers each
represented 13% and 11% of sales. In fiscal 1995 and 1994, one additional
customer represented 18% and 14% of sales, respectively.
23
24
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTE 3 INCOME TAXES
The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
Fiscal Year
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
Federal (in thousands)
Current ............................. $(1,105) $(821) $1,321
Deferred............................. 1,105 821 (730)
State
Current ............................. 0 0 100
------- ----- ------
$ 0 $ 0 $ 691
======= ===== ======
SFAS 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes", requires that a valuation reserve be
established if it is "more likely than not" that realization of the tax benefits
will not occur. The valuation reserve was $13,063,000 at August 25, 1996 and
$6,709,000 at August 27, 1995, an increase of $6,354,000. This increase is due
principally to the net operating loss carryforward generated in the current year
and the increase in available tax credits as a result of carrying back losses to
previous years. Both of these items have been fully reserved.
At August 25, 1996, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards
available to reduce future taxable income of $7,700,000. To the extent not
utilized, the U.S. Federal net operating loss will expire in 2011. The Company
also had unused research and development and investment tax credit carryforwards
of $3,500,000 at August 25, 1996, which expire from fiscal years 1999-2011.
The provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the amount computed using
the statutory rate as follows:
Fiscal Year
-----------
1996 1995 1994
------------------------------
(in thousands)
Federal income taxes at statutory rate........... $(5,285) $ 214 $1,857
Loss producing no current tax benefit............ 5,024 -- --
Previously unbenefited deferred items ........... -- (566) --
Amortization of goodwill......................... 247 267 280
Tax credits...................................... -- -- (810)
Benefit of loss carryforward..................... -- -- (730)
Other............................................ 14 85 94
------- ----- ------
Income tax provision ............................ $ 0 $ 0 $ 691
======= ===== ======
24
25
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTE 3 (continued)
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at fiscal year end
are as follows:
1996 1995
----------------
(in thousands)
DEFERRED TAX ASSETS
Restructuring costs................................. $ 2,942 $ 2,403
Inventory and other reserves ....................... 4,384 3,675
Net operating loss carryforward..................... 3,173 --
Tax credit carryforward............................. 3,543 2,700
Other .............................................. 187 304
------- -------
14,229 9,082
Valuation reserve .................................. (13,063) (6,709)
------- -------
Total deferred tax assets........................... 1,166 2,373
------- -------
DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES
Accelerated tax deduction .......................... 1,188 1,110
Amortization........................................ 287 308
Depreciation........................................ (250) (110)
Other .............................................. (59) (40)
------- -------
Total deferred tax liabilities ..................... 1,166 1,268
Net deferred tax assets............................. $ 0 $ 1,105
======= =======
NOTE 4 ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued liabilities at fiscal year end were as follows:
1996 1995
-----------------
(in thousands)
Restructuring costs................................... $2,322 $1,295
Warranty and rework .................................. 1,173 772
All other accrued liabilities......................... 5,502 2,897
------ ------
$8,997 $4,964
====== ======
NOTE 5 LINE OF CREDIT
The Company has a $10.0 million line of credit with the Bank of Boston.
Under the facility, which expires September 30, 1997, borrowings may be made at
the bank's prime rate plus one half of one percent. During fiscal 1996 and
fiscal 1995, the Company had no borrowings under the line of credit and had no
other short-term bank debt outstanding. Portions of the line have been reserved
to support various guarantees including the loan discussed in Note 7, leaving
unreserved credit of $8.9 million available at August 25, 1996.
NOTE 6 LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
At August 25, 1996 and August 27, 1995, restructuring and other long-term
liabilities include $2.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively, of
restructuring costs discussed in Note 8.
25
26
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTE 7 LEASE COMMITMENTS
The Company leases a 216,000 square-foot manufacturing, research and
administration facility in Norwood, Massachusetts, from a limited partnership in
which the Company has a 50% interest. Neither the Company nor the other partners
have made or anticipate making any substantial capital contributions or advances
to the partnership. Under the partnership agreement, the Company, in addition to
its 50% interest, is entitled to a priority payment (which would proportionately
increase with an increase in the property value) out of the proceeds of any sale
or future refinancing of the property. The gross rent payable is $1.5 million
annually through January 31,1999. For the remainder of the lease term ending
January 31, 2004, gross rent payable is $1.7 million annually.
The Company has issued a $900,000 guarantee on a bank loan to a second
limited partnership. This partnership has granted a 100% security interest and
collateral assignment to the Company in a parcel of undeveloped land owned by
the partnership. The land, comprised of approximately 7.5 acres, is adjacent to
the Company's leased facility in Norwood, Massachusetts. The Company believes
the value of the land is adequate to satisfy any obligation under the guarantee.
The Company leases other facilities and certain equipment under
noncancelable operating leases expiring at various dates through 2005. The
Company is required to pay property taxes, insurance and normal maintenance
costs. Certain of the lease agreements provide for five-year renewal options,
and future lease payments could increase based on the Consumer Price Index.
Minimum annual lease commitments under non-cancelable operating leases for
facilities and equipment as of August 25, 1996 are set forth in the following
table. Amounts relating to excess facilities included herein have been accrued
as discussed in Note 8:
Gross Lease Sub-lease Net Lease
Fiscal Year Payments income Payments
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(in thousands)
1997.................................. $ 2,642 $ 496 $ 2,146
1998.................................. 2,618 591 2,027
1999.................................. 2,738 528 2,210
2000.................................. 2,813 390 2,423
2001.................................. 2,794 293 2,501
Beyond................................ 9,385 -- 9,385
------- ------ -------
$22,990 $2,298 $20,692
======= ====== =======
Rent expense under operating leases was $2.9 million in fiscal 1996, $2.4
million in fiscal 1995 and $3.0 million in fiscal 1994.
27
27
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTE 8 RESTRUCTURING COSTS
During fiscal 1996, the Company's management approved a plan to restructure
its operations and recognized the following charges (in thousands):
Excess Facilities $2,225
Write-down of assets to net realizable value 1,589
Employee severance costs 1,034
Restructuring credit relating to 1993 excess facilities costs (639)
------
$4,209
======
The Company has implemented this restructuring plan in order to be able to
better respond to rapidly growing domestic and international markets. The plan
includes identifying operational efficiencies while maintaining the Company's
long-standing reputation for service and quality. The primary operational
efficiency to be implemented is the consolidation and move of manufacturing
operations from the Company's Fremont, California, site to the Norwood,
Massachusetts, location by the end of calendar year 1996. The Company's
technology centers of excellence will continue to be located both in Fremont and
Norwood.
The reserve for excess facilities costs was established for future cash
expenditures relating to unoccupied space at the Company's Fremont facility
resulting from the manufacturing consolidation. These costs include lease
payments, utilities, maintenance, property taxes and other related expenses. At
August 25, 1996, $2,175,000 was remaining to cover these expenditures which
included a current liability of $685,000 and a long-term liability of
$1,490,000.
The reserve for asset write-downs includes inventory relating to
management's decision to discontinue the development of certain products, fixed
asset production tools, and unamortized goodwill specifically related to these
product lines.
The reserve for employee severance costs includes charges relating to a
staff reduction of 28 employees resulting from cost containment measures
including the restructuring of the Engineering, Sales, Marketing and
Administration organizations as well as the decision to discontinue the
development of certain products. In addition, the reserve consists of severance
costs to be paid to approximately 50 employees at the Fremont site whose
positions will be eliminated upon the consolidation of manufacturing operations
in Norwood. At August 25, 1996, the balance of severance costs was $528,000.
Final payments are expected to be made upon completion of the facility
relocation.
The fiscal 1996 restructuring provisions were determined based on
significant estimates prepared at the time the restructuring actions were
approved by management. At August 25, 1996, the Company expects that the cost of
completing the restructuring programs will approximate the original estimates.
The credit relating to the 1993 restructuring charge represents the net
cash flows to be received from a recently entered sublease which will absorb
approximately 44% of the excess facility space reserved in fiscal 1993. As of
August 25, 1996, the remaining fiscal 1993 restructuring reserve of $2.2 million
was solely for the remaining excess facility costs in Norwood.
27
28
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTE 9 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Under the Company's 1980 Stock Option Plan, the 1988 Non-Qualified Stock
Option Plan, and the 1990 Stock Option Plan (the Plans), officers, directors,
and key employees have been granted options to purchase shares of the Company's
common stock at a price equal to the market value at the date of grant. Options
normally become exercisable ratably over a 48 month period, commencing six
months from the date of grant, and expire after ten years. At August 25, 1996,
1,315,156 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the Plans.
On February 15, 1996, 92,000 restricted shares of the Company's common
stock were granted and issued to certain key employees. Shares were awarded in
the name of each of the participants who have all the rights of other
stockholders, subject to certain restrictions and forfeiture provisions. For the
year ended August 25, 1996, 33,000 shares were forfeited due to employee
terminations. Restrictions on the shares expire equally on the anniversary date
of the award over the next four years.
The market value of the shares awarded, net of forfeitures was $656,000 on
the date of grant. This amount has been recorded as unearned compensation -
restricted stock and is shown as a separate component of stockholder's equity.
Unearned compensation is being amortized to expense over the four year vesting
period. A summary of the activity in the stock option plans for fiscal 1996,
1995, and 1994 is presented as follows:
Available Options Option Price
Stock Option Plans For Options Outstanding Per Share
- ------------------ ----------- ----------- ------------
Balance at August 29, 1993....... 551,014 1,115,558 $2.13 - $17.13
-------- --------- --------------
Grants......................... (527,500) 527,500 $8.38 - $14.50
Exercised...................... (250,286) $2.13 - $11.25
Canceled....................... 143,922 (143,922) $3.38 - $17.13
Expired........................ (500)
-------- --------- --------------
Balance at August 28, 1994....... 166,936 1,248,850 $2.13 - $15.88
-------- --------- --------------
Grants......................... (395,456) 395,456 $9.88 - $16.75
Authorized under 1990 plan..... 250,000
Exercised...................... (525,568) $2.13 - $15.50
Canceled....................... 159,439 (159,439) $3.38 - $16.25
Expired........................ (1,167)
-------- --------- --------------
Balance at August 27, 1995....... 179,752 959,299 $2.25 - $16.75
-------- --------- --------------
Authorized under 1990 Plan..... 350,000
Grants......................... (572,305) 572,305 $9.63 - $16.38
Exercised...................... (173,895) $3.00 - $16.25
Canceled....................... 182,887 (182,887) $3.38 - $16.38
-------- --------- --------------
Balance at August 25, 1996....... 140,334 1,174,822 $2.13 - $16.75
======== ========= ==============
At August 25, 1996, August 27, 1995 and August 28, 1994, there were 464,767
shares, 413,495 shares and 729,480 shares exercisable, respectively.
Under the Company's 1983 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, eligible employees
may purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions (up to a maximum
of 10% of their salary) at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the stock's fair
market value at the beginning or at the end of each six month offering period.
There were 55,975 shares issuable under the Plan for fiscal 1996 of which 26,276
were outstanding at August 25, 1996. For fiscal 1995 and 1994, 56,005 shares and
53,105 shares, respectively, were issued under the Plan. At August 25, 1996,
102,896 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the Plan.
Under the Company's Savings Plan, a defined contribution savings plan under
the provisions of Internal Revenue Code Section 401(k), the Company contributes
up to 3% of base pay to a fund which is held by a trustee. All employees are
eligible to participate in the plan and are entitled, upon termination or
retirement, to receive their vested portion of the savings fund assets. The
unvested portion remains in the Plan and is used to reduce future Plan expense.
Total Plan expense was $547,000 in fiscal 1996, $525,000 in fiscal 1995, and
$503,000 in fiscal 1994.
28
29
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
QUARTERLY INFORMATION TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
Quarterly financial information (unaudited) is as follows:
First Second Third Fourth
Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter
------- ------- ------- -------
1996 (Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)
Sales .............................. $20,533 $20,577 $ 23,223 $ 29,621
Gross profit........................ $ 8,421 $ 8,565 $ 8,049 $ 11,634
Net income (loss)................... $(2,620) $(2,679) $*(11,454) $ *1,208
Net income (loss) per share......... $ (.26) $ (.26) $ (1.10) $ .11
1995
Sales .............................. $26,217 $22,877 $ 20,656 $ 19,320
Gross profit........................ $11,835 $10,812 $ 9,596 $ 8,268
Net income ......................... $ 1,544 $ 1,255 $ (940) $**(1,231)
Net income per share................ $ .15 $ .12 $ (.09) $ (.12)
- ----------
<FN>
* Fiscal 1996 net (loss) income includes a restructuring charge of $4,659 in
the third quarter and a restructuring credit of $450 in the fourth quarter.
** Fourth quarter 1995 net loss includes $420 restructuring credit
30
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(Dollars in thousands)
Three Years Ended August 27, 1995
---------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:
Balance at beginning of period........ $649 $ 797 $ 806
Charges to costs and expenses......... 102 63 220
Deductions............................ (75) (211) (229)
Balance at end of period.............. $676 $ 649 $ 797
Warranty and Rework Reserve:
Balance at beginning of period........ $ 772 $ 930 $ 969
Charges to costs and expenses......... 582 432 182
Deductions............................ (181) (590) (221)
Balance at end of the period.......... $1,173 $ 772 $ 930
30
31
Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
---------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Disclosure
--------------------
Not applicable
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
--------------------------------------------------
Incorporated by reference from the Definitive Proxy Statement, with the
exception that information regarding the executive officers of Telco Systems,
Inc. is contained in Item 1 Part I on page 8 of this report.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
----------------------
Incorporated by reference from the Definitive Proxy Statement.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management of
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Telco Systems, Inc.
-------------------
Incorporated by reference from the Definitive Proxy Statement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
----------------------------------------------
Incorporated by reference from the Definitive Proxy Statement.
31
32
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K
----------------------------------------------------------------
(a) 1. Financial Statements
--------------------
See index to Consolidated Financial Statements at page 16.
(a) 2. Financial Statement Schedules
-----------------------------
See index to Consolidated Financial Statements at page 16.
All other schedules for which provision is made in the
applicable accounting regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission are
not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore
have been omitted.
(a) 3. Exhibits
--------
Management contracts and compensatory plans or agreements
required to be filed as exhibits pursuant to item 14(a)(3) of
Form 10-K are identified by asterisks (*).
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Telco Systems, Inc.(1)
3.2 Bylaws of Telco Systems, Inc., as amended.(2)
10.3 Telco Systems, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended
through July, 1991(3)*
10.4 Amendment to Telco Systems, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan,
adopted August, 1991.(4)*
10.5 Telco Systems, Inc. 1988 Non-Statutory Stock Option Plan, as
amended.(4)*
10.8 Partnership Agreement relating to facilities of Telco Systems
Fiber Optics Corporation located at 63 Nahatan Street, Norwood,
Massachusetts, dated August 29, 1985.
10.23 Lease of facilities of Telco Systems Fiber Optics Corporation
located at 63 Nahatan Street, Norwood, Massachusetts, dated
December 12, 1985.(5)
10.35 Agreement between the Registrant and John A. Ruggiero dated
October 4, 1989 *
10.38 Telco Systems, Inc. 1990 Stock Option Plan, as amended.(6)*
10.39 Lease dated May 3, 1990 between the Registrant and Pactel
Properties for facilities located at 4305 Cushing Parkway,
Fremont, California
10.40 Stock Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Magnalink
Communications Corporation dated May 29, 1992.(5)
32
33
10.42 Amendment to lease of facility located at 63 Nahatan Street,
Norwood, MA dated January 1, 1994. (6)
10.44 Stock Purchase Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement
between the Registrant and Unitech Telecom, Inc. dated March 29,
1995 (7)
10.45 Amendments one and two to lease of facility in Fremont,
California between the Registrant and Riggs National Bank of
Washington D.C. as trustee of the Multi-Employer Property Trust,
(successor to Pactel Properties) dated April 12, 1995 and May 8,
1995, respectively. (7)
10.46 Agreement between the Registrant and John A. Ruggiero dated
March 26, 1996.*
10.48 Agreement between the Registrant and William B. Smith dated
March 6, 1995.* (7)
10.49 Amendments three to lease of facility in Fremont, California
between the Registrant and Riggs National Bank of Washington
D.C. as trustee of the Multi-Employer Property Trust, (successor
to Pactel Properties) dated January 22, 1996.
22.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors.
27 Financial Data Schedule
Notes: (1) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Appendix II of
the definitive proxy statement of the Company dated November
20, 1986 relating to the Annual Meeting of Shareholders on
December 17, 1986.
(2) Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 3.2 to the
Registrant's Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended
August 30, 1987.
(3) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's
Form S-8 (File No. 33-26976).
(4) Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.4 and 10.5,
respectively, to the Registrant's Report on Form 10-K for
its fiscal year ended August 25, 1991.
(5) Incorporated by reference to Exhibits 10.23 and 10.40,
respectively, to the Registrant's Report on Form 10-K for
its fiscal year ended August 30, 1992.
(6) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 and 10.42,
respectively to the Registrant's Report on Form 10-K for its
fiscal year ended August 28, 1994.
(7) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 and 10.45,
respectively to the Registrant's Report on Form 10-K dated
August 27, 1995.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
There were no reports filed on Form 8-K during the fourth quarter of
fiscal 1996.
34
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: November 22, 1996 TELCO SYSTEMS, INC.
/s/ John A. Ruggiero
-----------------------------------------
By John A. Ruggiero
Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
/s/ John A. Ruggiero
- ----------------------- Vice Chairman and
John A. Ruggiero Chief Financial Officer Date: November 22, 1996
/s/ William B. Smith
- ----------------------- President and Chief Executive Date: November 22,1996
William B. Smith Officer/Director
/s/ Dean C. Campbell
- ----------------------- Director Date: November 22,1996
Dean C. Campbell
/s/ Sheldon Horing
- ----------------------- Director Date: November 22,1996
Sheldon Horing
/s/ Steward Flaschen
- ----------------------- Director Date: November 22,1996
Steward Flaschen
35
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT PAGE
NUMBER EXHIBIT NUMBER
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.8 Partnership Agreement relating to facilities of Telco Systems Fiber
Optics Corporation located at 63 Nahatan Street, Norwood, Massachusetts,
dated August 29, 1985.
10.35 Agreement between the Registrant and John A. Ruggiero dated October 4,
1989 *
10.39 Lease dated May 3, 1990 between the Registrant and Pactel Properties for
facilities located at 4305 Cushing Parkway, Fremont, California
10.46 Agreement between the Registrant and John A. Ruggiero dated March 26,
1996
10.49 Amendments three to lease of facility in Fremont, California between the
Registrant and Riggs National Bank of Washington D.C. as trustee of the
Multi-Employer Property Trust, (successor to Pactel Properties) dated
January 22, 1996.
22.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors as to incorporation
by reference.
27 Financial Data Schedule