1
FINANCIAL SECTION
CONTENTS
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations 18
Consolidated Balance Sheets ....................... 22
Consolidated Statements of Income ................. 23
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity ... 24
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ............. 25
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ........ 26
Report of Independent Auditors .................... 32
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth the percentage change in certain financial data
compared to the previous year, and the financial data as a percentage of net
sales for the years indicated.
Percent changes year to year Items as a percentage of net sales
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1995/1994 1996/1995 Income and expense items 1994 1995 1996
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81% 73% Net sales 100% 100% 100%
70% 60% Cost of sales 38% 35% 33%
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88% 80% Gross profit 62% 65% 67%
Expenses:
60% 46% Research and development 21% 19% 16%
69% 68% Sales and marketing 20% 19% 18%
41% 32% General and administrative 14% 11% 8%
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58% 52% Total expenses 55% 49% 42%
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336% 167% Income from operations 7% 16% 25%
882% 38% Interest income, net 1% 5% 4%
397% 138% Income before income taxes 8% 21% 29%
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1,005% 222% Provision for income taxes 1% 4% 8%
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337% 117% Net income 7% 17% 21%
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OVERVIEW
The Company was founded in February 1991, and commenced shipments of its
Multimedia Conference Server (MCS) products in 1992. It has experienced
significant sales growth since that time. The Company has continued to develop
and enhance its product line, with regular introductions of new versions of its
software and hardware. The Company markets its products to OEM suppliers of
conferencing equipment, which resell the Company's products, and to public and
private telecommunications carriers, which generally offer services to end-users
based on the Company's products. More recently, the Company has begun to market
its products to computer and network equipment manufacturers as those companies
enter the conferencing industry. Unit shipments have grown due to growth in the
conferencing market, increased acceptance of the Company's MCS products, and
expansion of the Company's domestic and international OEM and carrier
relationships. The Company initially achieved profitability in the first quarter
of 1994 and has been profitable each quarter thereafter.
The Company completed an initial public offering of its Common Stock in June,
1995, in which 2,300,000 shares of its newly issued common stock were sold for
net proceeds to the Company of $35.4 million. The principal purposes of the
offering were to increase the Company's working capital and equity base, to
provide a public market for the Company's Common Stock, and to facilitate future
access by the Company to public equity markets.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS -- YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1994, 1995, AND 1996
NET SALES
Net sales increased 81% from $15.6 million in 1994 to $28.2 million in 1995, and
73% to $48.8 million in 1996. The growth in net sales was primarily due to an
increase in unit shipments of MCS products. This increase was driven by greater
market demand for the Company's products in U.S. and international markets, an
expanding number of OEM customers, and a greater number of public and private
telecommunications carriers who have become customers as they begin to offer
conferencing services to end-users. The introduction of new features, such as
Continuous Presence and data conferencing capability, both of which began
shipping in the first quarter of 1996, also contributed to the increase. Service
revenues, which include fees from maintenance contracts, software subscriptions,
and training were higher as well, primarily as a result of the growth in the
Company's installed base. Two customers accounted for 55% and 12% of net sales
in 1994, three customers accounted for 23%, 19%, and 18% of net sales in 1995,
and two customers accounted for 43% and 10% of net sales in 1996.
International sales, primarily in Europe, were approximately 29%, 25%, and 32%
of net sales in 1994, 1995, and 1996. The Company expects that international
sales, which are currently denominated in U.S. dollars, will continue to be a
significant portion of the Company's business.
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GROSS PROFIT
The Company's cost of sales consists of materials costs, manufacturing labor and
overhead, and customer support costs. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales
increased from 62% in 1994 to 65% in 1995, and to 67% in 1996. The increases in
1995 and 1996 were primarily due to lower component costs and economies in
manufacturing, a higher mix of product upgrades which carry a higher gross
profit, and stable selling prices through the majority of the product line.
The higher gross profit rates experienced in 1996 are not likely to continue, as
recently introduced and planned low end, lower margin products may become a
larger proportion of the sales mix. In addition, increased competition may
result in lower selling prices, and the proportion of sales to carriers, which
generally have been at higher gross profit rates than sales to OEMs, may be
uneven.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Research and development expenses consist principally of compensation costs for
engineers, depreciation expense, supplies, and testing. Research and development
expenses increased 60% from $3.3 million in 1994 to $5.3 million in 1995, and
increased 46% to $7.8 million in 1996, representing 21%, 19%, and 16% of net
sales in those years. The increases in spending were primarily due to increased
engineering staffing required to develop and enhance the Company's MCS product
line, including joint development projects with customers. Funding from
customers for these projects, which amounted to $340,000 in 1994, $1.0 million
in 1995, and $1.2 million in 1996, is treated as a reduction of research and
development expenses as contracted work is performed and defined milestones are
achieved by the Company. The percentage relationship of research and development
expenses to net sales may vary depending upon the level of development funding
from customers. All software development costs have been expensed as incurred
because costs eligible for capitalization have not been material. The Company
expects to continue to commit substantial resources to research and development
in the future, and to increase its development expenditures in absolute terms in
1997. In January 1997, the Company began to establish an international
development operation in the United Kingdom.
SALES AND MARKETING
Sales and marketing expenses consist principally of compensation costs
(including sales commissions and bonuses), travel expenses, trade shows, and
other marketing programs. Sales and marketing expenses increased 69% from $3.2
million in 1994 to $5.3 million in 1995, and increased 68% to $8.9 million in
1996, representing 20%, 19%, and 18% of net sales in those years. The increased
spending was primarily due to the addition of sales and marketing personnel,
both in the U.S. and internationally, to support an increasing number of OEM and
carrier customers, increased commissions on higher sales, and the opening of new
sales offices.
The Company expects continued increases in sales and marketing expenses as it
addresses broader markets and geographic territories for its products.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
General and administrative expenses consist principally of expenses for finance,
administration, and general management activities, including legal, accounting,
and other professional fees. General and administrative expenses increased 41%
from $2.2 million in 1994 to $3.0 million in 1995, and increased 32% to $4.0
million in 1996, representing 14%, 11%, and 8% of net sales in those years. The
increased spending was primarily due to the addition of finance and
administrative personnel, increased costs associated with being a public
company, and the costs of relocating to a larger primary facility in May 1996.
The Company expects continued increases in general and administrative expenses
in 1997, although it expects that these expenses should continue to decrease as
a percentage of net sales due to the more rapid growth in net sales. General and
administrative expenses in 1994 also included costs of $850,000 relating to a
patent infringement lawsuit, which was settled in 1994.
INTEREST INCOME, NET
Interest income, net, consists of interest on cash, cash equivalents, and
marketable securities offset by interest expense on equipment financing. The
increase from approximately $133,000 in 1994 to $1.3 million in 1995 and $1.8
million in 1996 was due to higher cash balances, resulting from the proceeds
received upon the closing of the Company's initial public offering in June, 1995
and cash generated from operations.
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes was 9% in 1994, 20% in 1995, and 27% in 1996. The
effective tax rate in both 1994 and 1995 was less than the combined federal and
state statutory rate primarily as a result of the utilization of net operating
loss carryforwards. Net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax
purposes were fully utilized during 1995. The effective tax rate in 1996 was
less than the combined federal and state statutory rate primarily as a result of
the elimination of valuation reserves related to deferred tax assets. These
reserves were recorded in 1994 and 1995, but were eliminated in 1996, as the
Company has now deemed it more likely than not that sufficient future taxable
income will be generated to realize the benefits of these deferred tax assets.
For 1997, the effective tax rate is expected to more closely approximate the
combined federal and state statutory rate.
OTHER FACTORS WHICH MAY AFFECT
FUTURE OPERATIONS
The Company's Annual Report includes discussions of its long term growth
outlook, including various forward-looking statements. The following risks and
uncertainties, among others, could affect the degree to which such expectations
are realized.
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EVOLVING MARKETS
Sales of Multimedia Conference Server (MCS) products account for substantially
all of the Company's sales. The Company's success depends to a significant
extent on the acceptance, and the rate of acceptance, of MCS products in a
number of markets, all of which are in the early stages of development. These
markets include videoconferencing, desktop video, collaborative data-sharing,
and carrier-based conferencing services. A number of telecommunications carriers
have purchased the Company's products to offer conferencing services to
end-users. In many instances, there is inadequate experience to predict the
ultimate success of these service offerings, and therefore the degree to which
these customers may order additional products from the Company. There can be no
assurance that any of the markets for the Company's products will develop to the
extent, in the manner or at the rate anticipated by the Company. In addition,
future prices the Company is able to obtain for its products may decrease from
historical levels as a result of new product introductions by others, price
competition, technological change, or otherwise.
DEPENDENCE ON MAJOR CUSTOMERS
Consolidation among traditional videoconferencing equipment companies is
increasing. In January 1997, Compression Labs, Inc., who in 1996 represented 10%
of the Company's revenues, and Vtel Corporation announced an agreement to merge.
While the number of OEM and carrier customers of the Company continues to grow,
sales to a relatively small number of them have accounted for a significant
portion of the Company's net sales, and the Company believes that its dependence
on these customers, or a similarly few number of customers, will continue. This
concentration of customers may cause net sales and operating results to
fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on major customers' requirements and the
timing of their orders and shipments. The Company's agreements with its
customers generally do not include minimum purchase commitments or exclusivity
for purchases of a similar product. The Company's operating results could be
materially and adversely affected if any present or future major customer were
to choose to reduce its level of orders, were to change to another vendor for
purchases of a similar product, were to experience financial, operational or
other difficulties, or were to delay paying or fail to pay amounts due the
Company.
RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
The market for the Company's products is characterized by rapidly changing
technology, evolving industry standards, emerging network architectures, and
frequent new product introductions. To date, the Company's products have
primarily addressed video telecommunications over switched digital networks such
as ISDN, under the International Telecommunication Union's H.320 standard. Newly
promulgated industry standards, such as the H.323 standard for audio, video, and
data communications over local area networks and the Internet, are expected to
foster growth in conferencing over new types of networks in addition to ISDN.
The adoption rate of these new standards may adversely impact near-term growth
of the conferencing market as users evaluate network platforms. The Company has
invested, and for 1997 plans to continue to invest, in software development and
products related to certain of these new standards. Many other companies,
including PictureTel Corporation, currently the Company's largest customer, have
announced their intention to develop products related to these new standards
that could be competitive with the Company's future offerings. The Company's
success will depend, in part, upon its ability through continued investments to
maintain its technological leadership, to enhance and expand its existing
product offerings, and to select and develop in a timely manner new products
that achieve market acceptance.
COMPETITION
The market for networking and communications products is highly competitive.
Although to date the Company has experienced limited competition from products
with comparable capabilities, the Company expects competition to increase
significantly in the future. A number of companies have introduced or announced
their intention to introduce products that could be competitive with the
Company's products, and the rapidly evolving nature of the markets in which the
Company competes may attract other new entrants as they perceive opportunities.
The Company's current and potential competitors may have longer operating
histories and greater financial, technical, and sales and marketing resources.
PERIOD TO PERIOD FLUCTUATIONS
The Company's operating results are likely to vary significantly from quarter to
quarter as a result of several factors, including: the timing of new product
announcements and introductions by the Company, its major customers and its
competitors; market acceptance of new or enhanced versions of the Company's
products; changes in the product mix of sales; changes in the relative
proportions of sales among distribution channels or among customers within each
distribution channel;
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changes in manufacturing costs; price reductions for the Company's products; the
gain or loss of significant customers; increased research and development
expenses associated with new product introductions; seasonality; and general
economic conditions. New customers orders have generally been characterized by
lengthy sales cycles, making it difficult to predict the quarter in which sales
will occur. Carriers' deployment projects involve particularly long sales
cycles, and shipments for such projects are therefore often difficult to
forecast. In addition, such shipments are subject to delays in the timing of
such projects. The Company typically operates with a small backlog. As a result,
quarterly sales and operating results generally depend on the volume, timing of,
and ability to fulfill orders received within the quarter, which are difficult
to forecast. Also, the Company may recognize a substantial portion of its sales
in a given quarter from sales booked and shipped in the last weeks of that
quarter. All of the above factors can materially adversely affect the Company's
business and operating results for one quarter or a series of quarters, and are
difficult to forecast. The Company establishes its expenditure levels for
product development and other operating expenses based, in large part, on its
expected future sales. As a result, if sales fall below expectations, there
would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company's operating results and
net income because only a small portion of the Company's expenses vary with its
sales in the short term.
PROTECTION OF PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY
The Company's success depends, to a large extent, on its ability to protect its
proprietary technology. While the Company has applied for several patents, it
currently holds only one U.S. patent relating to its existing products and
relies primarily on a combination of contractual rights, trade secrets, and
copyrights to protect its intellectual property rights.
UNCERTAINTIES REGARDING PATENTS
In December 1994, the Company settled patent infringement litigation brought
against it by Datapoint Corporation (Datapoint) for a cash payment by the
Company in the amount of $500,000. However, patent infringement litigation still
exists between Datapoint and two of the Company's largest customers. In
addition, Datapoint has written inquiry letters to a significant number of
others in the videoconferencing market offering to sell them nonexclusive
licenses under certain Datapoint patents in the videoconferencing field (the
Datapoint Patents). While the validity or scope of the Datapoint Patents has not
been adjudicated by a court, Datapoint has, in effect, asserted that the
Datapoint Patents cover certain aspects of multipoint conferencing operations
involving terminals and multipoint control units, including MCSs. As a result of
the December 1994 settlement, the Company obtained a nonexclusive license for
its MCS under the Datapoint Patents, which license includes limited rights for
the products and services of the Company's customers. However, the conferencing
market in general, and the Company's future sales and operating results in
particular, could be adversely affected as a result of ongoing uncertainties
regarding the Datapoint Patents. Such uncertainty, and any related potential
impact of it, is likely to exist until the validity of the patents is
adjudicated.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At December 31, 1996, the Company has cash, cash equivalents, and marketable
securities of $54.7 million. The Company regularly invests excess funds in
short-term money market funds, government securities, and commercial paper. The
Company has no material long-term debt.
The Company generated cash from operations of $12.5 million in 1996, primarily
resulting from net income during the year.
The Company's primary investing activities to date have been the purchase of
computers and equipment for research and development, product support, sales,
marketing, and administration to support the Company's growth. In May 1996, the
Company relocated its principle operation to a larger facility in Burlington,
Massachusetts.
In June 1995, the Company completed an initial public offering in which
2,300,000 shares of its newly issued common stock were sold for net proceeds to
the Company of $35.4 million. Of the net proceeds, $3.6 million was used to
redeem all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock.
At December 31, 1996, the Company has available a bank revolving credit facility
providing for borrowings up to $5.0 million. Borrowings are limited to a
percentage of eligible accounts receivable and are unsecured. The Company also
has a $2.0 million term credit facility for equipment purchases during 1997. The
Company's equipment is pledged as collateral under this facility. No borrowings
have been made under either facility. Under these credit facilities, the Company
is required to maintain certain financial ratios and minimum levels of net worth
and profitability, and is prohibited from paying cash dividends without the
bank's consent.
The Company believes that its existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable
securities, together with cash generated from operations and borrowings
available under the Company's credit facilities, will be sufficient to meet the
Company's cash requirements for the foreseeable future.
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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except for share-related data) December 31
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1995 1996
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ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 31,679 $27,876
Marketable securities 13,489 26,808
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
of $650 and $1,077 in 1995 and 1996 4,231 7,252
Inventories 1,598 3,653
Deferred taxes 300 2,280
Other current assets 543 843
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Total current assets 51,840 68,712
Equipment and improvements,
net of accumulated depreciation and amortization 1,921 4,180
Other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $156 and $253
in 1995 and 1996 141 204
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Total assets $ 53,902 $73,096
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 1,040 $ 3,481
Accrued expenses 4,596 8,240
Deferred revenue 1,129 831
Current portion of long-term debt 675 506
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Total current liabilities 7,440 13,058
Long-term debt, less current portion 673 167
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized,
none issued and outstanding
Common stock, $.01 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized;
12,548,769 issued and 12,385,731 outstanding in 1995;
12,620,760 issued and outstanding in 1996 125 126
Capital in excess of par value 45,635 49,573
Retained earnings 31 10,225
Cumulative translation adjustment (53)
Treasury stock, 163,038 common shares in 1995 (2)
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Total stockholders' equity 45,789 59,871
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Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 53,902 $73,096
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See accompanying notes
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except for share-related data) Year ended December 31
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1994 1995 1996
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Net sales $ 15,557 $ 28,197 $ 48,833
Cost of sales 5,874 9,978 15,955
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Gross profit 9,683 18,219 32,878
Operating expenses:
Research and development 3,324 5,303 7,767
Sales and marketing 3,158 5,326 8,945
General and administrative 2,156 3,038 4,004
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Total operating expenses 8,638 13,667 20,716
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Income from operations 1,045 4,552 12,162
Interest expense (71) (118) (93)
Interest income 204 1,424 1,895
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Income before income taxes 1,178 5,858 13,964
Provision for income taxes 106 1,171 3,770
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Net income $ 1,072 $ 4,687 $ 10,194
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Net income per share:
Primary $ 0.10 $ 0.39 $ 0.77
Fully diluted $ 0.10 $ 0.39 $ 0.76
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See accompanying notes
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands, except for share-related data)
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Convertible Retained
Preferred Capital Earnings Cumulative
Stock Common Stock In Excess of (Accumulated Translation
Par Value Shares Par Value Par Value Deficit) Adjustment
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Balances as of January 1, 1994 $ 1 5,949,575 $ 59 $5,625 $(5,513) $ 0
Sale of 41,920 shares of
Series C preferred stock 1 4,159
Purchase of treasury stock
Stock issued under
employee benefit plans 97,480 1 7
Declared dividend (215)
Net income 1,072
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Balances as of December 31, 1994 2 6,047,055 60 9,791 (4,656) 0
Sale of 196 shares of
Series C preferred stock 20
Purchase of treasury stock
Stock issued in initial public
offering, net of issuance
costs of $950 2,300,000 23 35,390
Conversion of 57,150 shares of
Series B and 42,116 shares of
Series C preferred stock (2) 4,164,944 42 (40)
Stock issued under
employee benefit plans 36,770 124
Tax benefit related to
employee stock plans 350
Net income 4,687
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Balances as of December 31, 1995 0 12,548,769 125 45,635 31 0
Stock issued under employee
benefit plans 71,991 1 1,788
Tax benefit related to
employee stock plans 2,150
Foreign currency translation
adjustment (53)
Net income 10,194
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Balances as of December 31, 1996 $ 0 12,620,760 $126 $49,573 $10,225 $(53)
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Treasury Total
Stock Stockholders'
Shares Cost Equity
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Balances as of January 1, 1994 235,500 $(2) $ 170
Sale of 41,920 shares of
Series C preferred stock 4,160
Purchase of treasury stock 1,800
Stock issued under
employee benefit plans 8
Declared dividend (215)
Net income 1,072
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Balances as of December 31, 1994 237,300 (2) 5,195
Sale of 196 shares of
Series C preferred stock 20
Purchase of treasury stock 438
Stock issued in initial public
offering, net of issuance
costs of $950 35,413
Conversion of 57,150 shares of
Series B and 42,116 shares of
Series C preferred stock
Stock issued under
employee benefit plans (74,700) 124
Tax benefit related to
employee stock plans 350
Net income 4,687
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Balances as of December 31, 1995 163,038 (2) 45,789
Stock issued under employee
benefit plans (163,038) 2 1,791
Tax benefit related to
employee stock plans 2,150
Foreign currency translation
adjustment (53)
Net income 10,194
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Balances as of December 31, 1996 0 $ 0 $59,871
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See accompanying notes.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands) Year ended December 31
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1994 1995 1996
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OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income $ 1,072 $ 4,687 $ 10,194
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 764 1,071 1,739
Provision for doubtful accounts 113 532 427
Deferred taxes (300) (1,980)
Tax benefit related to employee stock plans 350 2,150
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable (1,093) (2,378) (3,448)
Inventories (249) (498) (2,055)
Other current assets (135) (382) (300)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 1,294 3,083 6,085
Deferred revenue 380 568 (298)
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Net cash provided by operating activities 2,146 6,733 12,514
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INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net purchases of equipment and improvements (992) (1,583) (3,901)
Purchases of marketable securities (13,489) (21,438)
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities 8,119
Increase in other assets (232) (5) (160)
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Net cash used in investing activities (1,224) (15,077) (17,380)
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FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from long-term debt 931 811
Repayment of long-term debt (312) (713) (675)
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 4,160 20
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock 35,413
Net proceeds from issuance of stock under
employee benefit plans 8 124 1,791
Redemption of preferred stock (3,612)
Payment of preferred dividends (215)
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Net cash provided by financing activities 4,787 31,828 1,116
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Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents (53)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 5,709 23,484 (3,803)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 2,486 8,195 31,679
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 8,195 $ 31,679 $ 27,876
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Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid $ 71 $ 118 $ 94
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See accompanying notes.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BUSINESS
VideoServer, Inc. (the Company) operates in one business segment, which is the
design, development, manufacture, marketing, sale, and service of networking
equipment and associated software used to create multimedia conferences that
connect multiple users over wide area networks and allow them to interact as a
group.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and
its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and
balances have been eliminated. All assets and liabilities of foreign
subsidiaries are translated at the rate of exchange at year end, while sales
and expenses are translated at the average rates in effect during the year. The
net effect of these translation adjustments is shown in the accompanying
financial statements as a component of stockholders' equity.
SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, if any, at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during
the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue from product sales is recognized upon shipment, and the Company's
products are generally delivered without significant post-sale obligations to
the customer. If significant obligations exist, revenue recognition is deferred
until the obligations are satisfied. Estimated product warranty costs are
provided for at the time of sale. Revenue from maintenance agreements is
recognized ratably over the term of the agreements, and other service revenue is
recognized as the services are performed.
CASH EQUIVALENTS AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES
All of the Company's cash equivalents and marketable securities are classified
as available-for-sale, and accordingly are carried at fair market value based on
quoted market prices, which approximates their cost. Unrealized gains and
losses, which are reported as a component of stockholders' equity, were not
material in 1995 or 1996. Realized gains and losses are included in net interest
income. The Company considers all liquid investments with a maturity of three
months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents
and marketable securities consist of highly rated U.S. and state government
securities, commercial paper, and short-term money market funds.
Marketable securities at December 31, 1996, by contractual maturity, included
approximately $24,167,000 due in one year or less, and $2,641,000 due between
one year and two years.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISK
Sales to two, three and two customers accounted for 67%, 60%, and 53% of total
net sales in 1994, 1995, and 1996. The accounts receivable from these customers
amounted to approximately $3,122,000 and $2,993,000 at December 31, 1995 and
1996. Export sales, primarily to Europe, were approximately $4,524,000 in 1994,
$7,129,000 in 1995, and $15,791,000 in 1996.
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of
credit risk are cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts
receivable. All of the Company's cash equivalents and marketable securities are
maintained by major financial institutions. Concentration of credit risk with
respect to accounts receivable is limited to certain customers to whom the
Company makes substantial sales. To reduce risk, the Company routinely assesses
the financial strength of its customers. The Company has not incurred any
material write-offs related to its accounts receivable.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined
using the first-in, first-out method.
EQUIPMENT AND IMPROVEMENTS
Equipment and improvements are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using
the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Computer and
office equipment 3 to 5 years
Furniture and fixtures 5 years
Leasehold improvements Shorter of lease term or
estimated useful life
DEFERRED REVENUE
Deferred revenue represents amounts paid under maintenance agreements or for
product sales in advance of revenue recognition.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. To date,
costs of internally developed software eligible for capitalization have been
immaterial and have been expensed as incurred.
The Company receives fees under product development contracts with certain
customers. Product development fees are recorded as a reduction of research and
development costs as work is performed pursuant to the related contracts and
defined milestones are achieved. Payments received in advance are recorded as
accrued liabilities. Fees recorded as a reduction of research and development
costs, including amounts received from a customer who is also a stockholder,
amounted to $340,000, $1,000,000 and $1,150,000 in 1994, 1995, and 1996.
NET INCOME PER SHARE
Net income per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of
common shares and common equivalent shares assumed outstanding during the
period. Pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin
No. 83, certain common and common equivalent shares issued by the Company during
the twelve months immediately preceding the initial filing of the registration
statement relating to the Company's initial public offering have been included
in the calculation of weighted average shares, using the treasury stock method
and the initial public offering price, as if these shares were outstanding for
all periods prior to the initial public offering. Shares used in computing both
primary and fully diluted earnings per share were 10,272,542 in 1994 and
12,065,361 in 1995. Shares used in computing primary and fully diluted earnings
per share in 1996 were 13,310,793 and 13,406,789.
ACCOUNTING FOR IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121,
"Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets," the Company records impairment
losses on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are
present. On an on-going basis, management reviews the value and period of
amortization or depreciation of long-lived assets. During this review, the
Company reevaluates the significant assumptions used in determining the original
cost of long-lived assets. Although the assumptions may vary from transaction to
transaction, they generally include revenue growth, operating results, cash
flows, and other indicators of value. Management then determines whether there
has been a permanent impairment of the value of long-lived assets based upon
events or circumstances which have occurred since acquisition.
ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
In 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS
123"). This statement establishes financial accounting and reporting standards
for stock-based compensation plans, including stock options for the purchase of
common stock provided for under the Amended and Restated 1991 Stock Incentive
Plan (the "1991 Plan"), options to acquire shares of common stock issued under
the Amended and Restated 1994 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (the
"Director Plan"), and shares purchased under the 1995 Employee Stock Purchase
Plan. As permitted under SFAS 123, the Company has elected to follow Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" (APB
25) and related interpretations in accounting for its stock-based benefit plans,
as opposed to the alternative fair value accounting provided for under SFAS 123.
Because the exercise price of the options granted under the 1991 Plan and the
Director Plan to date equals the market price of the underlying stock on the
date of grant, no compensation expense is recognized under APB 25.
3. INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of:
December 31
1995 1996
- -------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Raw materials and subassemblies $1,100 $2,881
Work in process 187 247
Finished goods 311 525
- -------------------------------------------------------------
$1,598 $3,653
4. EQUIPMENT AND IMPROVEMENTS
Equipment and improvements consist of:
December 31
1995 1996
- -------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Computer and office equipment $4,020 $7,323
Furniture and fixtures 110 227
Leasehold improvements 175 656
- -------------------------------------------------------------
4,305 8,206
Less accumulated depreciation 2,384 4,026
- -------------------------------------------------------------
$1,921 $4,180
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5. ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consist of:
December 31
1995 1996
- ---------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Employee compensation
and benefits $1,356 $2,378
Professional fees 207 505
Warranties and other
customer-related costs 1,385 2,940
Income and other taxes payable 1,024
Development fee advances 654 464
Other accrued expenses 994 929
- ---------------------------------------------------
$4,596 $8,240
6. BANK ARRANGEMENTS
The Company has a revolving credit facility of $5,000,000 which bears interest
at the prime rate (8.25% at December 31, 1996) and is available until January
1998. Borrowings under the facility may not exceed 80% of qualified accounts
receivable, as defined. The Company also has a $2,000,000 equipment line of
credit, bearing interest at the prime rate plus .5%, available for equipment
purchases made in 1997. No borrowings have been made under either facility.
Long-term debt at December 31, 1996 consists of variable-rate equipment
installment notes, aggregating $673,000, bearing interest at the prime rate plus
.5% to .75%, payable in various monthly installments through October 1998.
Maturities of long-term debt are $506,000 in 1997, and $167,000 in 1998.
The Company's equipment is pledged as collateral against the equipment line of
credit. The revolving credit facility is unsecured; however, the Company is
required to maintain certain financial ratios and minimum levels of net worth
and profitability, and the Company's ability to pay dividends to stockholders is
restricted under the terms of both the revolving and equipment lines of credit.
7. INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes for 1994, 1995, and 1996 is as follows:
Year ended December 31
1994 1995 1996
- --------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Current:
Federal $ 46 $1,188 $ 4,359
State 52 195 1,330
Foreign 8 88 61
- --------------------------------------------------------
106 1,471 5,750
Deferred:
Federal (300) (1,695)
State (285)
- --------------------------------------------------------
(300) (1,980)
- --------------------------------------------------------
Total tax provision $106 $1,171 $ 3,770
Cash payments for income taxes totaled approximately $1,171,000 and $2,408,000
in 1995 and 1996.
The effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 34%
in 1994 and 1995, and 35% in 1996, due to the following:
Year ended December 31
1994 1995 1996
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
Statutory income
tax rate 34.0% 34.0% 35.0%
State income taxes,
net of federal benefit 2.8 3.3 4.9
Research and
development tax credits -- (1.3) (1.4)
Tax benefit from Foreign
Sales Corporation -- (1.0) (1.9)
Tax-exempt interest income -- (1.4) (2.7)
Foreign and other 2.3 1.7 0.4
Utilization of net operating loss
carryforwards (30.1) (15.3) --
Change in valuation allowance -- -- (7.3)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective tax rate 9.0% 20.0% 27.0%
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
Valuation allowances were recorded in 1994 and 1995 to offset certain net
deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty of realizing the benefit of these
assets, but were
28
13
eliminated in 1996, as the Company has now deemed it more likely than not that
sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize the benefit of
these deferred tax assets.
The following is a summary of the significant components of the Company's
deferred tax assets and liabilities:
December 31
1995 1996
- ----------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
State tax loss carryforwards$ 28 --
Deferred revenue 164 $ 116
Research and development credits 100 --
Reserves not currently deductible 958 2,044
Depreciation and other 196 283
- ----------------------------------------------------------
Total deferred tax assets 1,446 2,443
Deferred tax liability:
Amortization of start-up costs (124) (163)
Valuation allowance
for deferred tax assets (1,022) --
- ----------------------------------------------------------
Net deferred tax $ 300 $ 2,280
8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company rents its primary facility under an operating lease which expires in
February 1999. The Company also leases sales offices under leases that expire on
various dates through February 2000. Future minimum lease payments at December
31, 1996 under these noncancelable operating leases are approximately $695,000
in 1997, $650,000 in 1998, $235,000 in 1999, and $20,000 in 2000.
Rent expense was approximately $341,000, $430,000, and $595,000 in 1994, 1995,
and 1996.
In December 1994, the Company settled a patent infringement lawsuit brought
against it by Datapoint Corporation. As a result of the settlement, the Company
obtained a nonexclusive license for its MCS products, which includes limited
rights for the products and services of the Company's customers. The Company
recorded charges against 1994 operations of approximately $850,000 for the
agreed-upon costs of the settlement and indemnification of one of its customers.
Patent infringement litigation still exists between Datapoint and two of the
Company's largest customers. In addition, Datapoint has written inquiry letters
to a significant number of others in the videoconferencing market offering to
sell them nonexclusive licenses under certain Datapoint Patents in the
videoconferencing field (the Datapoint Patents). While the validity or scope of
the Datapoint Patents has not been adjudicated by a court, Datapoint has, in
effect, asserted that the Datapoint Patents cover certain aspects of multipoint
videoconferencing operations involving terminals and multipoint control units,
including the Company's MCSs. The Company believes that the videoconferencing
market in general, and the Company's future sales and operating results in
particular, could be adversely affected as a result of ongoing uncertainties
regarding the Datapoint Patents. Such uncertainty, and any impact of it, is
likely to remain until a definitive action is brought in court and the validity
of the patents is adjudicated.
9. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
In June 1995, the Company completed an initial public offering (IPO) of its
common stock in which 2,300,000 shares of common stock were issued at a price of
$17.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds, after deducting underwriting
discounts and expenses, of $35,413,000. In connection with the offering, all
outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock were redeemed and all outstanding
shares of Series B and Series C Convertible Preferred Stock were automatically
converted into 4,164,944 shares of common stock, in accordance with the
underlying agreements.
COMMON STOCK
In connection with the IPO, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders
approved a one-for-two reverse stock split of its common stock effective May 1,
1995. All share and per share related data in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements reflect the reverse stock split. Effective upon the closing
of the IPO, the authorized capital stock of the Company increased from
15,000,000 to 40,000,000 shares.
PREFERRED STOCK
Effective upon the closing of the IPO, the Company's Board of Directors and
stockholders approved an amendment to its charter to authorize 2,000,000 shares
of undesignated preferred stock, $.01 par value per share. Each such series of
Preferred Stock shall have such rights, preferences, privileges, and
restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights,
redemption privileges, and liquidation preferences as determined by the Board of
Directors.
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10. BENEFIT PLANS
1991 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
In 1995, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders approved the Amended
and Restated 1991 Stock Incentive Plan (the "1991 Plan"). The 1991 Plan provides
for the sale or award of common stock, or the grant of incentive stock options
or nonqualified stock options for the purchase of common stock, of up to
3,469,286 shares to officers, employees, and consultants. The Plan is
administered by the Board of Directors. Options have been granted at a price not
less than the fair market value on the date of grant. The options generally
become exercisable over a five-year period and expire over a period not
exceeding ten years. Shares issuable will increase as of January 1, 1997, and
will increase each January 1 thereafter during the term of the plan, by an
additional number of shares of common stock equal to five percent of the total
number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31 of the
preceding year.
In 1991 and 1992 employees purchased 706,575 shares of common stock at $.01 per
share pursuant to stock awards which are subject to the Company's right to
repurchase at cost in the event employment is terminated prior to specified
dates. As of December 31, 1996, 18,988 shares have been repurchased, and 29,838
shares remain subject to this repurchase right. There have been no stock awards
since 1992.
1994 NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR STOCK OPTION PLAN
In 1995, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders approved the Amended
and Restated 1994 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (the "Director Plan").
The Director Plan provides that each non-employee director of the Company be
granted an option to acquire 15,000 shares of common stock on the date that
person becomes a director, but, in any event, not earlier than the effective
date of the Director Plan, and annually be granted, beginning with the January 1
falling at least twelve months after a Director's initial grant, an option to
purchase an additional 3,000 shares. Options are granted at a price equal to the
fair market value on the date of grant. The option becomes exercisable over a
four-year period, and the term of the option is ten years from the date of
grant. The Company has reserved 200,000 shares of common stock for issuance
under the Director Plan.
A summary of option activity under the 1991 Plan and the Director Plan is as
follows:
Weighted
Average
Shares Exercise Price
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at January 1, 1995 597,330 $ 1.32
Granted 513,814 $12.79
Terminated (26,820) $ 2.71
Exercised (111,424) $ 1.13
---------
Outstanding at December 31, 1995 972,900 $ 7.36
Granted 791,425 $26.75
Terminated (97,775) $17.20
Exercised (191,011) $ 5.53
---------
Outstanding at December 31, 1996 1,475,539 $17.35
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
Exercisable at December 31, 1995 102,006
Exercisable at December 31, 1996 202,192
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
Related information for options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31,
1996 under the 1991 Plan and Director Plan is as follows:
Weighted
Average Weighted
Remaining Average
Contractual Exercise
Range of Exercise Prices Shares Life Price
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
$ .01 - $ .10 30,064 1.7 $ .08
$ .20 - $ .60 131,859 2.4 .20
$ 2.00 - $ 6.00 202,224 3.7 3.58
$ 8.50 - $21.25 657,847 4.8 14.72
$23.25 - $43.25 453,545 5.6 33.44
---------
Total outstanding 1,475,539 4.6 $17.35
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Range of Exercise Prices Shares Price
- -----------------------------------------------
$ .01 - $ .10 1,963 $ .07
$ .20 - $ .60 66,666 .20
$ 2.00 - $ 6.00 63,303 3.61
$ 8.50 - $21.25 64,890 8.55
$23.25 - $43.25 5,370 30.83
-------
Total exercisable 202,192 $ 4.76
- -----------------------------------------------
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1995 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
In 1995, the Company's Board of Directors and stockholders approved the 1995
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Stock Purchase Plan") under which eligible
employees may purchase common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the
lower of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning or end of
each offering period. Participation in the offering is limited to 10% of an
employee's compensation (not to exceed amounts allowed under Section 423 of the
Internal Revenue Code), may be terminated at any time by the employee and
automatically ends on termination of employment with the Company. A total of
300,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance under this plan.
The first offering period commenced on the effective date of the Company's
initial public offering of shares of its common stock, and continued until
January 31, 1996. Subsequent six month offering periods commenced on February 1
and August 1, 1996, and are intended to commence on each February 1 and August 1
thereafter.
PRO FORMA INFORMATION FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Pro forma information regarding net income and earnings per share, as if the
Company had used the fair value method of SFAS 123 to account for stock options
issued under its 1991 Plan and Director Plan, and shares purchased under the
Stock Purchase Plan, is presented below. The fair value of stock activity under
these plans was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option
pricing model with the following assumptions as of the date of grant: risk-free
interest rates equal to the then available rate for zero-coupon U.S. government
issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the options; no
dividend yields; an average volatility factor of the expected market price of
the Company's common stock over the expected life of the option of .50; and a
weighted-average expected life of the option of 5.4 years. For purposes of pro
forma disclosures, the estimated weighted average fair value of options granted
during the year of $4.53 in 1995 and $9.51 in 1996 is amortized to expense over
the related vesting period. Pro forma information is as follows:
1995 1996
- -----------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands, except for
earnings per share information)
Pro forma net income $4,147 $8,973
Pro forma net income per share:
Primary $ 0.35 $ 0.68
Fully diluted $ 0.35 $ 0.68
SAVINGS PLAN
The Company sponsors a savings plan for its employees which has been qualified
under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Eligible employees are
permitted to contribute to the 401(k) plan through payroll deductions within
statutory and plan limits. Contributions from the Company are made at the
discretion of the Board of Directors. Through December 1996, the Company made no
contributions to the 401(k) plan. Beginning in 1997, the Board of Directors has
authorized the Company to commence with a matching of a portion of its
employees' contributions to the plan.
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
Quarter ended
March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
1995
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net sales $5,512 $6,810 $7,311 $8,564
Gross profit 3,498 4,417 4,744 5,560
Operating income 620 1,134 1,230 1,568
Net income 594 985 1,300 1,808
Net income per share 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.14
Common stock price* - high -- $47.25 $49.50 $45.00
- low -- $25.00 $30.25 $21.50
* Initial public offering May 25, 1995
1996
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net sales $9,510 $11,270 $13,046 $15,007
Gross profit 6,437 7,528 8,781 10,132
Operating income 2,202 2,630 3,335 3,995
Net income 1,905 2,243 2,762 3,284
Net income per share 0.15 0.17 0.21 0.24
Common stock price - high $32.00 $41.75 $39.25 $55.00
- low $17.25 $21.50 $24.50 $32.63
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND STOCKHOLDERS
VIDEOSERVER, INC.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of VideoServer,
Inc. as of December 31, 1995 and 1996, and the related consolidated statements
of income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 1996. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of
VideoServer, Inc. at December 31, 1995 and 1996, and the consolidated results of
its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1996 in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.
ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
January 14, 1997
32