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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K/A
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number: 0-12042
BIOGEN, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Massachusetts 04-3002117
(State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
(Address of principal executive offices)(zip code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (617) 679-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock,
$.01 par value
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
Aggregate market value of Common Stock held by nonaffiliates of the
Registrant at March 9, 1999 (excludes shares held by directors): $8,018,804,742.
Exclusion of shares held by any person should not be construed to indicate that
such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the
direction of management or policies of the Registrant, or that such person is
controlled by or under common control with the Registrant. Common Stock
outstanding at March 9, 1999: 75,111,450 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's 1998 Annual Report to Shareholders are
incorporated by reference into Parts II and IV of this Report.
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PART III
ITEM 10 - DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
INFORMATION ABOUT THE DIRECTORS
The Company's Board of Directors consists of twelve members divided
into three equal classes serving staggered three-year terms. Information
concerning the Company's Directors is set forth below.
Alexander G. Bearn, M.D. Director since 1991; Member of the class of
(age 76) directors with term ending in 2000; Executive
Officer of the American Philosophical Society
since 1997; Visiting Physician, Adjunct Professor
at the Rockefeller University in New York since
1966 and Trustee of the Rockefeller University
since 1970; Trustee of Howard Hughes Medical
Institute since 1987; from 1979 to 1988, Senior
Vice President for Medical and Scientific Affairs
of the International Division of Merck & Co.;
Director of Vasomedical, Inc.; member of the
Scientific Board of the Company and nominated as a
director pursuant to designation by the Scientific
Board.
Alan Belzer Director since 1990; Member of the class of
(age 66) directors with term ending in 2001; President,
Chief Operating Officer and Director,
Allied-Signal, Inc. from 1988 to 1993; from 1983
to 1988, Executive Vice President and President,
Engineered Materials Sector, Allied-Signal, Inc.
Harold W. Buirkle Director since 1986; Member of the class of
(age 78) directors with term ending in 2000; Managing
Director, The Henley Group, Inc. from 1986 to
1990; from 1983 to 1985, Executive Vice President,
Finance and Planning, Allied Corporation (now
Allied-Signal, Inc.).
Mary L. Good, Ph.D. Director since 1997; Member of the class of
(age 67) directors with term ending in 2001; Managing
Member, Venture Capital Investors, LLC since 1997;
Donaghey University Professor at University of
Arkansas at Little Rock since September 1998;
Under Secretary for Technology, United States
Department of Commerce from 1993 to 1997; Senior
Vice President, Technology, Allied Signal, Inc.
from 1988 to 1993; Director of IDEXX Laboratories
and Whatman Co. plc.
Thomas F. Keller, Ph.D. Director since 1996; Member of the class of
(age 67) directors with term ending in 1999; R.J. Reynolds
Professor of Business Administration, Duke
University, since 1974; Dean, Fuqua School of
Business, Duke University, from 1974 until 1996;
Director of American Business Products, LADD
Furniture Co., Inc., Dimon, Inc., Wendy's
International, Nations Funds and Mentor Series
Trust.
Roger H. Morley Director since 1987; Member of the class of
(age 67) directors with term ending in 1999; Vice
President, Schiller International University,
Heidelberg, Germany since 1983; Co-Managing
Director, R&R Inventions Ltd., Birmingham, U.K;
Advisory Director of Bank of America, Illinois;
Director, Blyth Industries.
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James C. Mullen Director since April 1999; Member of the class of
(age 40) directors with term ending in 1999; President and
Chief Operating Officer of Biogen, Inc. since
January 1999; Vice President-International of
Biogen, Inc. from 1996 until January 1999; Vice
President-Operations of Biogen, Inc. from 1991 to
1996. Prior to joining Biogen in 1989, Mr. Mullen
held various positions of responsibility at Smith
Kline-Beckman Corporation (now SmithKline Beecham)
from 1984 to 1988, including Director Engineering
SmithKline and French Laboratories Worldwide.
Sir Kenneth Murray, Ph.D. Director since 1980; Member of the class of
(age 68) directors with term ending in 2001; Biogen
Professor of Molecular Biology, University of
Edinburgh, Scotland since 1984 (Emeritus since
1998); during 1985 and 1986, Interim Research
Director of Biogen S.A; Fellow of the Royal
Society; Vice Chairman of the Scientific Board of
the Company and nominated as a director pursuant
to designation by the Scientific Board.
Phillip A. Sharp, Ph.D. Director since 1982; Member of the class of
(age 54) directors with term ending in 1999; Institute
Professor, Center for Cancer Research
Massachusetts Institute of Technology since March
1999; from 1991 until March 1999, Salvador E.
Luria Professor and Head of the Department of
Biology, Center for Cancer Research, MIT; Director
of the Center for Cancer Research at MIT from 1985
to 1991; Chairman of the Scientific Board of the
Company and nominated as a director pursuant to
designation by the Scientific Board; Nobel
Laureate.
Alan K. Simpson Director since 1997; Member of the class of
(age 67) directors with term ending in 2000; United States
Senator from Wyoming from 1979 to 1997; Director
of PacifiCorp. and I.D.S.-American Express.
James W. Stevens Director since 1986; Member of the class of
(age 62) directors with term ending in 2001; Chairman,
Prudential Asset Management Group from 1993 to
1995; Executive Vice President, The Prudential
Insurance Company of America and Prudential
Investment Corporation from 1987 to 1995; Managing
Director, Dillon, Read & Company Inc. from 1985
until 1987; from 1984 until 1985, Group Executive
of Citicorp and Citibank N.A. and Chairman of
Citicorp Venture Capital, Ltd; Director of Maxcor
Financial Group Inc. and Pen-Tab Industries, Inc.
James L. Vincent Director since 1985; Member of the class of
(age 59) directors with term ending in 2000; Chairman of
the Board of Directors of Biogen, Inc. since 1985;
Chief Executive Officer of Biogen, Inc. since
December 1998 and from 1985 until February 1997,
and President from 1985 to February 1994; from
1982 to 1985, Group Vice President, Allied
Corporation (now Allied-Signal, Inc.) and
President, Allied Health and Scientific Products
Company; from 1979 through 1980, Executive Vice
President, Chief Operating Officer and a Director
of Abbott Laboratories, Inc.; Director of CuraGen
Corporation.
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Information concerning the Company's Executive Officers is set forth in
Part I of this Annual Report.
SECTION 16(a) - BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE
The Company's officers, directors and greater-than-ten-percent
stockholders are required to file reports of ownership and change of ownership
with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934. Based solely on information provided to the Company by the individual
directors and officers, the Company believes that, during the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1998, all such parties complied with all applicable filing
requirements except for late reporting of the following transactions: (i)
re-sent filings for Harold Buirkle, Kenneth Murray, Alexander Bearn and Roger
Morley to address a legibility problem in faxed copies sent in October 1998,
(ii) an amended filing for Frank Burke showing an additional transaction in
August 1998, (iii) late filings for Harold Buirkle (option exercise) in December
1998, Joseph M. Davie (purchase in July 1998) and Alexander Bearn (exercise and
sale transactions in April and October of 1998), (iv) a late filing of Form 3
for Michael Bonney upon his becoming an executive officer.
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ITEM 11 - EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth the compensation of those persons who
served as the Company's Chief Executive Officer in 1998 and the four other most
highly compensated executive officers (the "Named Executive Officers") during
the three fiscal years ended December 31, 1998.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
Long Term
Annual Compensation Compensation
---------------------------------------------------- ------------
Shares
Name and Principal Other Annual Underlying All Other
Position(1) Year Salary Bonus Compensation(2) Options(#)(1) Compensation(3)
- ------------------ ---- ---------- -------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
James L. Vincent, 1998 $1,014,000 $ 0 $ 0 60,000 $19,279
Chairman of the 1997 975,000 0 0 150,000 33,564
Board and Chief 1996 860,000 750,000 0 0 31,167
Executive Officer
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
James R. Tobin, 1998 634,998 540,000 21,626 220,000 4,602
Former President and 1997 573,575 400,000 43,447 240,000 5,355
Chief Executive Officer 1996 460,000 275,000 161,707 0 4,618
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Joseph M. Davie 1998 329,992 80,000 0 10,000 8,530
Senior Vice President - 1997 310,000 74,500 25,000 10,000 8,685
Research 1996 296,000 58,000 25,000 10,000 6,964
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Irving H. Fox 1998 265,980 64,500 0 5,000 9,106
Former Vice President- 1997 256,000 61,500 0 10,000 6,760
Medical Affairs 1996 246,500 66,500 35,000 10,000 6,032
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
James C. Mullen 1998 260,000 70,900 0 30,000 4,010
President and Chief 1997 245,000 59,000 67,757 20,000 3,472
Operating Officer 1996 216,500 64,000 0 20,000 3,137
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Michael J. Astrue 1998 250,000 76,500 0 15,000 4,030
Vice President - General 1997 225,000 61,000 0 12,000 4,081
Counsel 1996 210,000 53,000 19,818 10,000 3,667
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ----------------------------
(1) Mr. Vincent became Chief Executive Officer in December 1998 after the
resignation of James R. Tobin. Mr. Vincent served as Chairman during all
of 1998. Dr. Fox resigned as Vice President - Medical Affairs in January
1999. The options granted to Mr. Tobin and Dr. Fox in 1998 lapsed unvested
upon their respective resignations.
(2) Other Annual Compensation in 1998 for Mr. Tobin includes the portion of
payments made under a contingent bonus and mortgage loan forgiveness
program in connection with his hiring which became vested during the last
fiscal year in the amount of $21,626.
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(3) All Other Compensation in 1998 for all of the named individuals includes
the dollar value of matching contributions made in shares of the Company's
Common Stock during the last fiscal year under the Company's 401(k) plan
in the amount of $2,400 for each of the named individuals, and matching
amounts of less than $100 per officer made by the Company under its
non-qualified Voluntary Executive Supplemental Savings Plan for
compensation in excess of the amount that may be taken into account under
the 401(k) plan. All Other Compensation also includes, for each of the
named individuals, the dollar value of premiums paid by the Company during
the last fiscal year with respect to term life insurance for their benefit
under an executive life insurance program in the amount of $16,779 for Mr.
Vincent, $2,102 for Mr. Tobin, $6,030 for Dr. Davie, $6,606 for Dr. Fox,
$1,510 for Mr. Mullen and $1,530 for Mr. Astrue.
OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
The following table sets forth information regarding options granted to the
Named Executive Officers in 1998.
Individual Grants
-----------------------------
Number of Potential Realizable Value at
Shares % of Total Assumed Annual Rates of Stock Price
Underlying Options Granted Appreciation for Option Term(2)
Options to Employees in Exercise Expiration -----------------------------------
Name Granted(1) Fiscal Year Price($/Sh) Date 5%($) 10%($)
- ---- ---------- --------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- -----------
James L. Vincent 60,000 4.05 $81.4688 12/11/08 $ 3,074,113 $ 7,790,409
James R. Tobin(3) 220,000 14.80 81.4688 12/11/08 11,271,746 28,564,834
Joseph M. Davie 10,000 0.67 81.4688 12/11/08 512,352 1,298,402
Irving H. Fox(3) 5,000 0.34 81.4688 12/11/08 256,176 649,201
James C. Mullen 30,000 2.02 81.4688 12/11/08 1,537,056 3,895,205
Michael J. Astrue 15,000 1.01 81.4688 12/11/08 768,528 1,947,602
- -------------------------
(1) All options listed were granted pursuant to the 1985 Plan at the market
price on the date of grant and have ten-year terms. All of the options,
except those granted to Mr. Vincent, vest annually in equal installments
over five years, commencing one year from the date of grant. The options
granted to Mr. Vincent are immediately exercisable, but the shares
issuable upon exercise of the options are subject to repurchase by the
Company under certain conditions and for a specified period.
(2) The potential realizable values for all stockholders at the assumed annual
rates of stock price appreciation of 5% and 10% would be $3,769,346,668
and $9,552,270,167, respectively. These values assume increases in the
value of the shares of Common Stock outstanding at December 31, 1998 at
the stated percentages over a ten-year period from an initial value of
$81.4688, the average of the high and low sales prices of the Company's
Common Stock on December 31, 1998.
(3) The options granted to Mr. Tobin and Dr. Fox in 1998 lapsed unvested upon
their respective resignations from the Company.
AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL YEAR AND YEAR-END OPTION VALUES
The following table sets forth information regarding options held by
the Named Executive Officers of the Company in 1998. The table does not reflect
transactions which have occurred to date in 1999.
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Number of Shares Value of Unexercised In-the-
Underlying Unexercised Money Options at Year-
Options at Year-End End(1)
------------------------------ -------------------------------
Shares Acquired
Name on Exercise(#) Value Realized Exercisable(2) Unexercisable Exercisable(2) Unexercisable
- ---- ---------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
James L. Vincent 0 $ 0 627,500 0 $30,187,942 $ 0
James R. Tobin(3) 0 0 560,142 849,858 31,830,984 32,030,508
Joseph M. Davie 0 0 361,142 168,858 24,451,138 10,416,388
Irving H. Fox(3) 47,000 2,560,145 147,000 44,000 9,075,556 2,067,964
James C. Mullen 20,000 517,560 223,133 103,867 13,978,668 3,903,703
Michael J. Astrue 0 0 136,866 77,134 8,938,983 3,648,410
- --------------------------
(1) The value of unexercised in-the-money options at year-end assumes a fair
market value for the Company's Common Stock of $81.4688, the average of the
high and low sales prices of the Company's Common Stock on December 31,
1998.
(2) The options granted to Mr. Vincent are immediately exercisable, but the
shares issuable upon exercise of the options are subject to repurchase by
the Company under certain conditions and for a specified period.
(3) The options granted to Mr. Tobin and Dr. Fox in 1998 lapsed unvested upon
their respective resignations from the Company.
PENSION PLAN
The Company has a defined benefit pension plan in which all regular
U.S. employees participate as of the first day of the quarter following date of
hire. Benefits are expressed as cash balance accounts. At the end of each plan
year, the Company makes a contribution to the participant's account in the form
of a basic credit ranging from 2% to 15% of the participant's compensation
during the year depending on participant's age. In addition, a participant may
receive a supplemental credit equal to 3% (or the participant's basic credit
percentage, if less) of compensation during the year in excess of the
participant's Social Security covered compensation level. Account balances grow
each year at a specified rate of interest equal to the average of the One-Year
Treasury Bill (T-bill) rate for the prior year plus 1%. The plan's interest
credit will not be less than 5.25% nor more than 10%. A participant is eligible
to retire and begin receiving his or her vested benefit from the plan as early
as age 55. The total account balance is converted to a monthly pension at
retirement. Alternatively, a participant may elect to receive his or her account
balance as a lump sum. For 1995 and earlier years, the benefit formula provided
at different times varying amounts of benefit accrual. A participant's vested
interest in the plan is subject to a graded vesting schedule based on years of
service with Biogen and fully vests after seven years of service.
The Company also maintains a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
("SERP"). The SERP provides benefits that, due to tax law limits, cannot be paid
from the qualified pension plan. For certain executive officers, the SERP also
preserves the level of retirement benefits provided under the pension plan's
benefit formula before its amendment effective in 1989 to comply with the Tax
Reform Act of 1986.
The following table shows estimated annual benefits payable upon normal
retirement (age 65) for life under the pension plan and the SERP. These
estimates assume that account balances will grow 7% each year, that an employee
will work for the Company until normal retirement age with no change from
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1998 compensation, and that the participant's Social Security covered
compensation level will not change.
Current Salary
Plus Bonus 15 20 25 30 35
- -------------- ------- ------- ------- --------- ---------
300,000....................... 94,000 131,000 176,000 231,000 299,000
400,000....................... 128,000 178,000 239,000 315,000 409,000
500,000....................... 161,000 225,000 302,000 400,000 518,000
600,000....................... 194,000 271,000 365,000 484,000 628,000
700,000....................... 227,000 318,000 429,000 568,000 738,000
800,000....................... 260,000 365,000 492,000 652,000 847,000
900,000....................... 293,000 411,000 555,000 736,000 957,000
1,000,000....................... 326,000 458,000 618,000 820,000 1,067,000
1,100,000....................... 359,000 505,000 682,000 905,000 1,176,000
1,200,000....................... 393,000 551,000 745,000 989,000 1,286,000
1,300,000....................... 426,000 598,000 809,000 1,074,000 1,415,000
The (i) current pensionable earnings (salary and bonus), (ii) current
years of service, and (iii) projected total service at age 65 are as follows for
each of the current executive officers named in the compensation and option
tables: Mr. Vincent ($1,014,000, 13.5 years, 19 years (projected)); Dr. Davie
($409,992, 6.0 years, 11.5 years (projected)); Mr. Mullen ($330,900, 10 years,
34 years (projected)) and Mr. Astrue ($326,500, 6 years, 28 years (projected).
The 1998 pensionable earnings (salary and bonus) and years of service as of date
of resignation for Mr. Tobin and Dr. Fox are $1,174,998, 5 years and $320,480, 9
years, respectively.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Non-employee members of the Company's Board of Directors receive a
$20,000 per year retainer, $1,500 for each Board meeting attended and $500 for
attending each meeting of Committees of the Board on which they serve, except
for Committee chairmen, who receive $1,000 per Committee meeting attended. Those
directors who are members of the Company's Scientific Board and who are not
Company employees also received in 1998 an annual consulting fee of $20,000,
$2,000 per day for Scientific Board meetings, and $500 per day for each full
working day spent in the Company's laboratories, except for the Chairman of the
Scientific Board whose annual consulting fee in 1998 was $75,000. Directors who
are not members of the Company's Scientific Board are eligible to participate in
the Company's 1985 Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan (the "1985 Plan"). In 1998,
James W. Stevens, Harold W. Buirkle and Roger H. Morley were each granted
options for the purchase of 30,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock under
the 1985 Plan. Directors who are members of the Scientific Board are eligible to
participate in the Company's 1987 Scientific Board Stock Option Plan (the "1987
Plan"). In 1998, Alexander G. Bearn and Kenneth Murray were each granted options
for the purchase of 30,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock under the 1987
Plan, and Phillip A. Sharp was granted an option for the purchase of 75,000
shares. Directors may defer all or part of their cash compensation pursuant to
the Company's Voluntary Board of Directors Savings Plan.
EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS WITH THE COMPANY
Dr. Davie, Mr. Mullen and Mr. Astrue each has an employment agreement
with the Company under which he receives executive life insurance and tax
preparation services. The employment agreements for Dr. Davie, Mr. Mullen and
Mr. Astrue each further provides for compensation in the event of termination by
the Company, other than for cause, in the amount of base salary and certain
medical benefits, for twelve months or until alternative employment is obtained,
if earlier. The employment
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agreements for each of Dr. Davie, Mr. Mullen and Mr. Astrue also provide for a
specified target bonus each year. Mr. Vincent has an employment agreement under
which he receives term life, disability, and personal liability insurance,
personal income tax preparation and tax audit services. Mr. Vincent's agreement
was amended in 1996. Under Mr. Vincent's amended employment agreement, in the
event of a non-cause termination (whether by the Company or by Mr. Vincent in
certain circumstances, including following a change of control of the Company),
Mr. Vincent will be entitled to receive a payment equal to at least 2.5 times
and no more than 6.5 times his average annual cash compensation for the three
years preceding termination, depending upon the date of termination. In the
event of termination, under certain circumstances, Mr. Vincent will be entitled
to the continuation of certain benefits until age 65 as well as continued
service credit and possible accelerated payment under the Company's SERP.
Termination payments will be made together with the amount of certain excise
taxes imposed on the termination payments. The amended agreement also includes a
three-year non-competition provision and a two-year non-solicitation provision.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
In 1998, the members of the Compensation and Management Resources
Committee, which determines cash remuneration and benefits for senior executives
and reviews executive development and succession, were Roger H. Morley,
(Chairman), Harold W. Buirkle, Phillip A. Sharp and James L. Vincent, the
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company.
JOINT REPORT ON COMPENSATION PHILOSOPHY BY THE COMPENSATION AND MANAGEMENT
RESOURCES COMMITTEE AND STOCK AND OPTION PLAN ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE
Having attained its goal of moving from a development-stage company to
a fully-integrated pharmaceutical company, Biogen is now focused on achieving
continued growth and development. The Company's current strategy towards this
objective is to grow the worldwide market for its AVONEX(R) (Interferon Beta-1a)
product, develop drugs from its current pipeline, fill its pipeline so that
there are new drugs to bring to market in the future, continue to foster the
creative energies of the internal research group as a source of new development
programs, and do all of this in a financially responsible way so as to maximize
value for shareholders. The Company's achievements in 1998 reflect its efforts
toward fulfilling this strategy. These achievements included maintaining the
position of AVONEX(R) as the market leader in the United States multiple
sclerosis market, launching AVONEX(R) in several new geographic markets and
achieving market leadership with AVONEX(R) in several European countries,
accelerating development of the Company's clinical pipeline and reporting record
revenues, net income and earnings per share.
The goals that Biogen has set and the strategy it has adopted are
challenging. The Company's success in achieving its mission to date and the
magnitude of this success are due in large part to the Company's philosophy and
practice of recruiting, motivating and retaining senior executives with
demonstrated talent and managerial leadership skills typically gained from
successful experiences in positions of greater scope and responsibility in
pharmaceutical and other industry settings. A competitive compensation program
has been a crucial part of the Company's efforts. The Biogen executive
compensation program consists of three parts: base salary and benefits, annual
bonus and stock options. The Company's target for total compensation is to be
competitive with major biotechnology companies, generally those peer companies
with significant revenues and at least one product successfully developed and
marketed, and with pharmaceutical industry companies, on a size-adjusted basis.
In 1998, the total compensation package paid to executive officers, other than
the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, was about average compared to the
major biotechnology companies with respect to cash compensation and the value of
stock options granted. Individual compensation decisions are made with reference
to progress toward goals tailored for Biogen's stage of development.
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BASE SALARY AND BENEFITS
Company philosophy is to maintain executive base salary at a
competitive level sufficient to recruit individuals possessing the skills and
values necessary to achieve the Company's vision and mission over the long term.
Determinations of appropriate base salary levels and other compensation elements
are generally made through participation in a variety of industry surveys and
studies, as well as by monitoring developments in key industries such as the
pharmaceutical industry. Periodic adjustments in base salary relate to
competitive factors and to individual performance evaluated against
pre-established objectives. Executive officers are also entitled to participate
in benefit plans generally available to employees and receive executive life
insurance and other benefits as described elsewhere in this Proxy Statement.
ANNUAL BONUS
The Compensation and Management Resources Committee of the Board, in
its discretion, may award bonuses to executive officers, and the Company pays
bonuses based on each executive officer's achievement of his or her performance
goals. The intent of the annual bonus is to motivate and reward performance of
senior executives measured against distinct and clearly articulated goals and
also with a view to the competitive compensation practices of the biotechnology
industry. The goals vary with responsibilities and are based on individual
milestones rather than overall measures of the Company's performance. In 1998,
these goals included: expansion of AVONEX(R) sales into new geographic markets,
achievement of certain commercial milestones with respect to AVONEX(R), approval
of the Company's Research Triangle Park facility as a new site for the
manufacture of AVONEX(R), achievement of certain clinical milestones with
respect to the Company's key development-stage products, achievement of certain
research and development milestones with respect to the Company's product
pipeline and completion of key recruiting and strategic planning efforts.
STOCK OPTIONS
Stock options are a fundamental element in the total compensation
program because they emphasize long-term Company performance as measured by
creation of stockholder value and foster a community of interest between
stockholders and employees. Accordingly, the Company believes that the use of
stock options is preferable to other forms of stock compensation such as
restricted stock. Options are granted to all regular full-time employees, and
particularly to key employees likely to contribute significantly to the Company.
In determining the size of an option grant to an executive officer, the Company
considers not only competitive factors, changes in responsibility and the
executive officer's achievement of individual pre-established goals, but also
the number and terms of options previously granted to the officer. In addition,
the Company usually makes a significant grant of options when an executive
officer joins the Company. The size of option grants to executive officers is
determined by the Stock and Option Plan Administration Committee.
Options are granted, as a matter of Company policy, at 100% of the fair
market value on the date of grant. The Company generally awards options to
officers on employment and at regular intervals, but other awards may be made.
Some of the Company's stock option plans also provide for granting options to
members of the Board of Directors and the Scientific Board. Options granted to
employees generally vest over periods ranging from five to seven years after
grant.
CEO COMPENSATION
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The compensation of Biogen's Chief Executive Officer reflects the
Company's general compensation philosophy. James R. Tobin was Chief Executive
Officer of the Company until December 1998. He was succeeded by James L. Vincent
who is also the Chairman of the Board. Mr. Tobin's compensation in 1998 was not
formula-based but rather was determined by the Compensation and Management
Resources Committee and the Stock and Option Plan Administration Committee based
on the Committees' assessment of Mr. Tobin's performance and review of data
showing the compensation of Mr. Tobin's peers in the pharmaceutical industry.
Mr. Tobin's performance was evaluated by the Committees by considering various
factors, including the breadth of Mr. Tobin's responsibilities and progress made
by the Company toward its goals as measured by the Committees' assessment of the
performance of the key departments. In 1998, the Company's progress and the
quality of Mr. Tobin's performance were reflected in the Company's various
achievements. These achievements included maintaining the position of AVONEX(R)
as the market leader in the multiple sclerosis market in the United States,
achieving market leadership with AVONEX(R) in certain European countries, the
launching of AVONEX(R) in several new geographic markets, progress on early
stage clinical trials of several key development-stage products, and reporting
record revenues, net income and earnings per share.
In determining whether to grant Mr. Tobin options, the Compensation and
Management Resources Committee and the Stock and Option Plan Administration
Committee considered not only competitive factors and Mr. Tobin's performance,
but also the number and terms of options previously granted. Options were
granted to Mr. Tobin in 1998 in recognition of his performance. The options
granted to Mr. Tobin in 1998 lapsed unvested when he resigned in December 1998.
IMPACT OF INTERNAL REVENUE CODE SECTION 162(m)
Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) ("Section 162(m)") precludes a
public corporation from taking a deduction for compensation in excess of $1
million paid to its chief executive officer or any of its four other highest
paid officers. Certain income is not subject to the limit. As a result, the
Company was able to fully deduct compensation paid to its executive officers in
1998. At such time as this provision would affect the Company, the Board and
Committees will assess the practical effect on executive compensation and
determine what action, if any, is appropriate while maintaining the discretion
to compensate its executive officers in a manner consistent with the Company's
compensation policies without regard to deductibility.
COMMITTEES' ROLES
The stock option plans for senior executives are administered by the
Stock and Option Plan Administration Committee (consisting of Messrs. Morley and
Buirkle) of the Board of Directors. Other compensation decisions for senior
executives are made by the Compensation and Management Resources Committee or,
in the case of the Chief Executive Officer, by the Board based on
recommendations from that Committee.
Roger H. Morley, Chairman, Compensation and Management Resources
Committee
Harold W. Buirkle
Phillip A. Sharp
James L. Vincent
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PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following graph compares the yearly percentage change in the
Company's cumulative total shareholder return on its Common Stock during a
period commencing on December 31, 1993 and ending December 31, 1998 (as measured
by dividing (i) the sum of (A) the cumulative amount of dividends for the
measurement period, assuming dividend reinvestment, and (B) the difference
between the Company's share price at the end and the beginning of the period; by
(ii) the share price at the beginning of the period) with the cumulative return
of the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index and the NASDAQ Pharmaceutical Stocks
Total Return Index. The NASDAQ Pharmaceutical Stocks Total Return Index, which
is calculated and supplied by NASDAQ, represents all companies trading on NASDAQ
under the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code for pharmaceutical,
including biotechnology, companies. Biogen has not paid dividends, and no
dividends are included in the representation of the Company's performance. The
share prices have been adjusted to reflect a two-for-one stock split effected by
the Company in November 1996. The stock price performance on the graph below is
not necessarily indicative of future price performance.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Biogen 416.2 182.4 194.3 154.2 104.7 100.0
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
S&P 500 295.7 229.6 172.0 139.5 101.4 100.0
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
NASDAQ 183.0 143.0 138.5 138.0 75.3 100.0
Pharm. Index
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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ITEM 12 - SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
SHARE OWNERSHIP
The following table sets forth information as of April 7, 1999
concerning the ownership of Common Stock by each stockholder known by the
Company to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Company's outstanding
shares of Common Stock, each current member of the Board of Directors, each of
the executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table included in this
Proxy Statement and all current directors and executive officers as a group.
Except as otherwise noted, the persons or entities identified have sole voting
and investment power with respect to their shares.
SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED
-------------------------
NAME AND ADDRESS** NUMBER(1) PERCENT(1)
- ------------------ ----------- ----------
Alexander G. Bearn .................................. 30,200(2) *
Alan Belzer ......................................... 104,000(3) *
Harold W. Buirkle ................................... 201,500 *
Mary L. Good ........................................ 20,000(3) *
Thomas F. Keller .................................... 20,400(4) *
Roger H. Morley ..................................... 40,000(3) *
Kenneth Murray ...................................... 424,000(5) *
Phillip A. Sharp .................................... 458,000(6) *
Alan K. Simpson ..................................... 9,320(7) *
James W. Stevens .................................... 152,000(8) *
James R. Tobin ...................................... 0 0
James L. Vincent .................................... 825,513(9) 1.09%
James C. Mullen ..................................... 236,974(10) *
Joseph M. Davie ..................................... 272,044(11) *
Irving H. Fox ....................................... 13,236(12) *
Michael J. Astrue ................................... 108,922(13) *
All current executive officers and directors as
a group (23 persons) ................................ 3,380,121(14) 4.36%
FMR Corp. ........................................... 7,565,800(15) 10.6%
82 Devonshire St ....................................
Boston, MA 02109
Neuberger Berman, LLC ............................... 4,156,665(16) 5.53%
605 Third Ave.
New York, NY 10158-3698
- ------------------------------
* Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1% of the Company's
outstanding shares of Common Stock.
** Addresses are given only for beneficial owners of more than 5% of the
Company's outstanding shares of Common Stock.
(1) All references to options in these notes mean those options which are held
by the respective person on April 7, 1999 and which are exercisable on
April 7, 1999 or become exercisable on or before
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sixty days after April 7, 1999. The calculation of percentages is based
upon the number of shares issued and outstanding at April 7, 1999, plus
shares subject to options held by the respective person at April 7, 1999,
which are exercisable on April 7, 1999 or become exercisable on or before
sixty days after April 7, 1999.
(2) Includes 30,000 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options.
(3) Represents shares which may be acquired pursuant to options.
(4) Includes 20,000 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options. Shares
are held by a partnership of which Dr. Keller is a general partner.
(5) Includes 72,000 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options.
(6) Includes 102,000 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options.
(7) Includes 9,320 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options, and
includes option shares held by Mr. Simpson's wife.
(8) Includes 72,000 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options.
(9) Includes 792,500 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options. Certain
of the shares acquired upon exercise of such options are subject to
repurchase by the Company under certain circumstances. Includes 1,213
shares held under the Company's 401(k) plan.
(10) Includes 223,133 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options and 851
shares held under the Company's 401(k) plan.
(11) Includes 261,142 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options and 272
shares held under the Company's 401(k) plan.
(12) Includes 936 shares held under the Company's 401(k) plan.
(13) Includes 96,866 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options and 478
shares held under the Company's 401(k) plan.
(14) Includes 2,258,543 shares which may be acquired pursuant to options. Does
not include shares which may be purchased after March 1999 by executive
officers who are currently participants in the 1983 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan. Includes 8,250 shares held under the Company's 401(k) plan.
(15) FMR Corp. ("FMR") is a holding company. Fidelity Management & Research
Company ("Fidelity"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of FMR, is the beneficial
owner of 7,434,000 shares as a result of acting as an investment adviser
to several investment companies and as a result of acting as subadviser to
Fidelity American Special Situations Trust ("FASST"). Fidelity Management
Trust Company ("FMTC"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of FMR, is the
beneficial owner of 96,700 shares as a result of its serving as an
investment manager of institutional accounts. Also included are 36,000
shares held by Fidelity International Limited ("FIL") as the result of its
acting as an investment advisor to several investment companies. The
amount beneficially owned by FIL includes 900 shares owned by FASST which
are also included in the amount reported as beneficially owned by
Fidelity. FMR, Edward C. Johnson 3rd and Abigail P. Johnson, through their
control of FMR, have sole power to dispose of 7,433,100 of the shares
beneficially owned by Fidelity and all of the shares beneficially owned by
FMTC and have sole power to vote 52,000 of the shares beneficially owned
by FMTC. The power to vote the shares beneficially owned by Fidelity
resides with the funds' Board of Trustees. Fidelity carries out the voting
of the shares under written guidelines established by the funds' Board of
Trustees. FIL, FMR Corp, through its control of Fidelity, and FASST each
has sole power to vote and to dispose of the 900 shares held by FASST. The
above information was reported on Schedule 13G as of January 7, 1999.
(16) Neuberger Berman, LLC and Neuberger Berman Management, Inc. serve as
sub-adviser and investment manager, respectively, of Neuberger Berman's
various mutual funds, and as such are
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deemed to be beneficial owners of the shares held by the funds. Neuberger
Berman has sole voting power over 2,775,200 of the shares, and shares
dispositive power over all of the shares. The above information was
reported on a Schedule 13-G as of February 5, 1999.
ITEM 13- CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Not Applicable
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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
BIOGEN, INC.
By: /s/ Michael J. Astrue
------------------------------------
Michael J. Astrue
Vice President - General Counsel
Dated April 29, 1999
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