- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
------------------------
FORM 10-K
<Table>
(MARK ONE)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 1-15157
</Table>
PACTIV CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
<Table>
DELAWARE 36-2552989
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
1900 WEST FIELD COURT 60045
LAKE FOREST, ILLINOIS (Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
</Table>
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (847) 482-2000
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 (b) OF THE ACT:
<Table>
NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE
ON WHICH REGISTERED
TITLE OF EACH CLASS --------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------
Common Stock ($.01 par value) and associated Preferred New York Stock Exchange
Stock Purchase Rights
</Table>
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes X No __
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes X No __
State the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates
of the registrant. The aggregate market value is computed by reference to the
price at which the stock was sold, or the average bid and asked prices of such
stock, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed
second fiscal quarter.
<Table>
CLASS OF VOTING STOCK AND NUMBER OF SHARES MARKET VALUE OF COMMON STOCK HELD BY
HELD BY NON-AFFILIATES AT JUNE 28, 2002 NON-AFFILIATES
- -------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
COMMON STOCK 157,485,313 SHARES $3,748,150,447
</Table>
INDICATE THE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING OF EACH OF THE REGISTRANT'S
CLASSES OF COMMON STOCK, AS OF THE LATEST PRACTICABLE DATE. Common Stock ($.01
par value). 159,147,846 shares outstanding as of February 28, 2003. (See Note 12
to the Financial Statements.)
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
<Table>
PART OF THE FORM 10-K
DOCUMENT INTO WHICH INCORPORATED
- -------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
Pactiv Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement for Part III
the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 16,
2003
</Table>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
<Table>
Item 1. Business.................................................... 1
Item 2. Properties.................................................. 4
Item 3. Legal Proceedings........................................... 5
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders......... 5
Item 4.1 Executive Officers of the Registrant........................ 5
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters......................................... 7
Item 6. Selected Financial Data..................................... 8
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations................................... 9
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risk........................................................ 20
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data................. 21
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure.................................... 53
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.......... 53
Item 11. Executive Compensation...................................... 53
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management and Related Stockholder Matters.................. 53
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.............. 54
Item 14. Controls and Procedures..................................... 54
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form
8-K......................................................... 54
</Table>
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
OVERVIEW
Pactiv Corporation (Pactiv or the company) is a global supplier of
specialty-packaging and consumer products with 2002 sales of $2.9 billion. The
company operates 73 manufacturing facilities in 14 countries around the world.
Pactiv has two key operating segments: Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging
and Protective and Flexible Packaging. The company's consumer products include
plastic, aluminum, and paper-based products such as waste bags, food-storage
bags, and disposable tableware and cookware. Pactiv's foodservice/food packaging
products include foam, clear plastic, aluminum, pressed-paperboard, and
molded-fibre packaging for customers in the food distribution channel, including
wholesalers, supermarkets, and packer processors, who prepare and process food
for consumption. The company's protective-packaging products are generally used
to protect and cushion various commercial and industrial products from the point
of manufacture to the point of delivery or pick-up. Pactiv's flexible-packaging
products are used mainly in food, medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, and
hygienic applications, and often involve custom design.
Pactiv was previously known as Tenneco Packaging Inc. and was formerly a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Tenneco Inc. (Tenneco) that was spun-off to
shareholders of Tenneco on November 4, 1999 (the "spin-off"). Pactiv includes
the assets, liabilities, and operations of Tenneco's former specialty-packaging
business and certain of Tenneco's former corporate and administrative service
operations. As used herein, the terms "Pactiv" and "the company" refer, for
periods prior to the spin-off, to the packaging businesses and corporate and
administrative service operations of Tenneco and, for periods after the
spin-off, to Pactiv and its consolidated subsidiaries.
The company was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1965 under the
name Packaging Corporation of America. The company changed its name to Tenneco
Packaging Inc. in November 1995 and, concurrent with the spin-off, changed its
name to Pactiv Corporation.
PRODUCTS AND MARKETS
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging
The company manufactures, markets, and sells consumer products such as
plastic storage bags for food and household items; plastic waste bags; foam,
pressed-paperboard, and molded-fibre tableware; and aluminum cookware. Many of
these products are sold under such recognized brand names as Hefty(R),
Baggies(R), Hefty(R) OneZip(R), Hefty(R) Cinch-Sak(R), Hefty(R) The Gripper(TM),
Hefty(R) Zoo Pals(TM), Kordite(R), and E-Z Foil(R). These products, which are
typically used by consumers in their homes, are sold through a variety of
retailers, including supermarkets, mass merchandisers, and other stores where
consumers purchase household goods. In addition to consumer products, the
company manufactures plastic zipper closures for a variety of other packaging
applications.
For foodservice customers, the company offers products to merchandise and
serve on-premises and takeout meals. These items include tableware products such
as plates, bowls, and cups, and a broad line of takeout-service containers made
from clear plastic, microwaveable plastic, foam, molded-fibre, paperboard, and
aluminum.
The company's food-packaging products are designed to protect food during
distribution, aid retailers in merchandising food products, and help customers
prepare and serve meals in their homes. Food packaging products for supermarkets
include clear rigid-display packaging for produce, delicatessen, and bakery
applications; microwaveable containers for prepared, ready-to-eat meals; and
foam trays for meat and produce.
For food processors, the company's products include dual-ovenable
paperboard containers, molded-fibre egg cartons, red meat and poultry trays,
aluminum containers, and modified atmosphere packaging, which extends the shelf
life of red meat products.
1
The company also manufactures, markets, and sells foam products for use in
the construction industry.
Protective and Flexible Packaging
The company manufactures, markets, and sells protective packaging for use
in many industries, including the automotive, computer, electronics, furniture,
durable goods, building, and construction industries. Pactiv's sheet foams and
air-encapsulated bubble products are used for cushioning and surface protection,
and its paperboard honeycomb and engineered foam-plank products provide
protection against shock, vibration, and thermal damage. Pactiv also offers
padded mailers, a variety of laminated protective coverings, and customized
packaging systems.
The company's flexible-packaging products are used in consumer, medical,
pharmaceutical, chemical, hygienic, and industrial applications. These products
include liners for disposable diapers, wrap-around sleeves for glass and plastic
bottles, polypropylene bags for sterile intravenous fluid delivery, modified
atmosphere films, stand-up pouches, food and hygienic packaging, surgical
drapes, and medical packaging.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
Pactiv expects to grow by expanding its existing businesses and through
strategic acquisitions. In seeking internal or external growth, the company
focuses on markets that have strong expansion characteristics and attractive
margins. Through its broad product lines and custom design capability, the
company offers customers "material-neutral" packaging solutions. With this
approach and the availability of worldwide geographic coverage, the company has
become a primary supplier to several national and international manufacturers
and distributors and has developed long-term relationships with key participants
in the consolidating packaging and foodservice-distribution industries.
Fostering such relationships is critical in identifying and penetrating new
markets.
Market Presence
Many of Pactiv's products have strong market share positions, including the
number one position in key markets such as consumer waste bags and tableware,
foodservice-foam containers, clear rigid-display packaging, foam trays, and
aluminum cookware. In 2002, more than 80% of the company's sales came from
products that hold the number one or number two share position in markets
served, reflecting the strength of the company's Hefty(R) and E-Z Foil(R)
brands, the breadth of its product lines, and its ability to offer "one-stop
shopping" to customers.
New Products/Design Services
The company drives growth by developing new products and value-added
product line extensions. In 2002, the company spent $35 million on research and
development activities and introduced more than 50 new products. In the Consumer
and Foodservice/Food Packaging business segment, several major new products were
introduced in 2002: Hefty(R) Zoo Pals(TM) disposable plates for children;
thicker, stronger Hefty(R) OneZip(R) freezer and storage bags; Hefty(R) E-Z
Foil(R) cookie sheets with a textured surface; oblong cake pans with covers; a
covered lasagna pan; a single-serving bowl for a major frozen-food manufacturer;
an extra large chicken roaster for a large discount warehouse chain; and items
for major fast-food chains, including new carryout and breakfast containers.
In the U.S., the protective-packaging product line was expanded in 2002
with the introduction of Hefty(R) Express(TM) shipping mailers, leveraging the
Hefty(R) brand name, and the launching of Orca(TM) sheet foam for use in the
moving and storage industry, uniquely positioning the company to offer customers
either polyethylene- or polypropylene-based surface protection.
In 2001 and 2000, the company spent $40 million and $36 million,
respectively, on research and development efforts.
2
Service Capabilities
Building on broad product lines and strong relationships with national
distributors, in 2002, Pactiv completed the implementation of its
customer-linked manufacturing system for the Consumer and Foodservice/Food
Packaging segment. Today, the systems and information-management infrastructure
and distribution network are fully in place to support this segment's "One Face
to the Customer" strategy, aimed at reducing supply-chain costs, enhancing
customer service, and improving productivity.
Productivity/Cost Reduction
Pactiv's continuing focus on enhancing productivity and reducing
manufacturing and logistics costs is key to improving the business'
profitability. In 2002, approximately 25% of the company's research and
development spending and roughly 35% of its capital spending was devoted to
efforts to reduce costs and improve manufacturing and distribution productivity.
Strategic Acquisitions
In 2002, the company acquired 6 businesses, most notably Winkler Forming,
Inc., and a 70% ownership stake in Central de Bolsas, S.A. de C.V (Jaguar),
expending a total of $125 million. Strategic acquisitions have been, and will
continue to be, an important element of the company's growth strategy.
MARKETING, DISTRIBUTION, AND CUSTOMERS
The company has a combined sales and marketing staff of approximately 500
people. Consumer products are sold through a direct sales force and a national
network of brokers and manufacturers' representatives. Foodservice and
food-packaging customers are served principally through a direct sales force.
The Protective and Flexible Packaging business sells to distributors,
fabricators, and directly to end-users worldwide.
In 2002, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. accounted for 10.0% of the company's
consolidated sales. In general, the company's backlog of orders is not material.
ANALYSIS OF SALES
The following table sets forth information regarding sales from continuing
operations.
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
Amount % Total Amount % Total Amount % Total
(Dollars in millions) ------ ------- ------ ------- ------ -------
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging... $2,062 72% $1,997 71% $2,201 72%
Protective and Flexible Packaging......... 818 28% 815 29% 851 28%
------ --- ------ --- ------ ---
Total..................................... $2,880 100% $2,812 100% $3,052 100%
------ --- ------ --- ------ ---
</Table>
See note 16 to the financial statements for additional segment and
geographic information.
COMPETITION
Pactiv conducts business in highly competitive markets and faces
significant competition in all of its product lines from numerous global,
national, and regional companies of various sizes. Some competitors have
available to them more extensive financial and other resources than Pactiv,
while others are significantly smaller than the company with lower fixed costs
and more operating flexibility. In addition, certain competitors offer a variety
of packaging materials and concepts and serve geographic regions through various
distribution channels. In general, the company believes that success in
obtaining business is driven by price, quality, product features, service, and
speed of delivery.
3
INTERNATIONAL
Pactiv has facilities and sells products in countries throughout the world.
As a result, it is subject to various risks such as fluctuations in
foreign-currency exchange rates, limitations on conversion of foreign currencies
into U.S. dollars, restrictions on remittance of dividends and other payments by
foreign subsidiaries, withholding and other taxes on remittances by foreign
subsidiaries, hyperinflation in foreign countries, and restrictions on
investments in foreign countries. See note 16 to the financial statements for
additional information regarding the company's international operations.
RAW MATERIALS
The principal raw materials used by the company are plastic resins,
including polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and
amorphous polyethylene terephthalate; aluminum; paperboard; pulp; and recycled
fiber. Approximately 80% of Pactiv's sales come from products made from
different types of plastics. In general, these raw materials are readily
available from a wide variety of suppliers. Raw-material prices can be volatile
and are a function of, among other things, the availability of production
capacity; oil, natural gas, and other material costs; and geopolitical
circumstances. The supply of raw materials was adequate in 2002, and the
company's management believes that such supply will remain adequate in 2003.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Pactiv's operations are required to comply with existing and potential
federal, state, local, and foreign air-emission legislation and other laws and
regulations affecting the environment. In addition, various consumer and
special-interest groups have lobbied, from time to time, for the implementation
of a variety of environmental and pollution-control measures that would impose
additional obligations or restrictions on the company. Although management
believes that current laws and regulations have not had a material adverse
effect on the company's results, there can be no assurance that future
legislative and/or regulatory initiatives, if any, will not have a material
adverse effect on the company.
OTHER
As of December 31, 2002, Pactiv employed approximately 16,000 people, of
which approximately 2,000 were employed by joint ventures in which the company
has a controlling interest, and 12% of whom were covered by
collective-bargaining agreements. Five of those agreements, covering a total of
522 employees, are scheduled for renegotiation in 2003. In Europe and the Middle
East, 2,050 employees are represented by works councils. Management believes
that employee relations are generally satisfactory.
The company owns a number of U.S. and foreign patents, trademarks, and
other intellectual property that are significant with regard to the manufacture,
marketing, and distribution of certain products. The company also utilizes
numerous software licenses that are important to its business. The company
believes that its intellectual-property rights and licensing rights are adequate
for its business.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The company's website is www.pactiv.com. The company makes available on
this website, under the Investor Relations link, free of charge, its annual
reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form
8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after it
electronically files or furnishes such materials to the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
Pactiv leases its executive offices at 1900 West Field Court, Lake Forest,
Illinois 60045. Its telephone number at that address is (847) 482-2000.
In North America, Pactiv operates 51 facilities in 21 states, Canada, and
Mexico. Plastic and aluminum foodservice, consumer, and building products are
manufactured at 23 plants. The
4
protective-packaging business converts paperboard into honeycomb products at
nine plants. Nine plants apply extrusion, foaming, and converting technologies
to produce flexible or rigid-plastic protective packaging, using polystyrene,
polyethylene, and polypropylene resins. Molded-fibre packaging is produced at
seven locations, and tooling for molded-fibre plants is manufactured at one
location. Ovenable-paperboard products are manufactured at two facilities. A
research and development center for consumer and foodservice/food packaging
products and process development is located in Canandaigua, New York. A design
center and process-development operation for protective-and flexible-packaging
products is located in Buffalo Grove, Illinois. In addition, the company has a
70%-owned joint venture in a high-impact polystyrene and polystyrene foam
operation in Guadalajara, Mexico.
Pactiv has 22 manufacturing facilities outside of North America. Twelve
protective-packaging plants in Belgium, England, France, Germany, Italy, The
Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and the Czech Republic make plastic,
air-encapsulated bubble and foam-sheet products, including mailers. Five
flexible-packaging plants in Egypt and Germany make flexible-packaging films,
bags, labels, pouches, printed and converted paper bags, and disposable medical
packaging. A subsidiary produces cushioning and molded-fibre packaging in
Germany and England. Single-use thermoformed plastic food containers and films
are manufactured at three facilities in England, Scotland, and Wales. In
addition, Pactiv has joint-venture interests in a folding-carton operation in
Dongguan, China (50% owned) and a corrugated-converting operation in Shaoxing,
China (62.5% owned).
In general, management believes that all of the company's plant and
equipment are well maintained and in good operating condition, and that it has
satisfactory title to owned properties, subject to certain liens that do not
detract materially from the value or use of the properties. The company's
headquarters and certain of its warehouse facilities are leased pursuant to
synthetic-lease agreements.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
In May 1999, Tenneco, Pactiv (through Tenneco's former paperboard packaging
operations), and a number of containerboard manufacturers were named as
defendants in a civil, class-action antitrust lawsuit pending in the U.S.
district court for the eastern district of Pennsylvania. The company also was
named as a defendant in a related class-action antitrust lawsuit. The lawsuits
allege that the defendants conspired to raise linerboard prices for corrugated
containers and sheets from October 1, 1993, through November 30, 1995, in
violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The lawsuits seek treble damages of
unspecified amounts, plus attorneys' fees. Pactiv's management believes that the
allegations have no merit and is vigorously defending the claims. Tenneco sold
its containerboard business in April 1999, prior to the spin-off of Pactiv in
November 1999. In connection with the spin-off, Pactiv was assigned
responsibility for defending the claims against Tenneco with respect to such
lawsuit and for any liability resulting therefrom.
The company is party to other legal proceedings arising from its
operations.
Management believes that the outcome of all of these legal matters,
individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on
the company's earnings or financial position.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth
quarter of 2002.
ITEM 4.1. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT.
Set forth below are the executive officers of the company at March 25,
2003, the positions held by such officers, and the date of appointment to such
positions. These descriptions are being included in Part I of this Form 10-K
pursuant to Instruction 3 to Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K.
Richard L. Wambold, 51, Chairman of the Board of Directors, President, and
Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Wambold has served as Chairman since March 2000,
President since June 1999, and Chief Executive Officer since the spin-off in
November 1999. Prior to 1999, Mr. Wambold served as Executive Vice
5
President and General Manager of the company's specialty-packaging and
consumer-products business units.
Andrew A. Campbell, 57, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer. Mr. Campbell joined the company in October 1999 as Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer and has served as Senior Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer since January 2001. Prior to joining the company, Mr. Campbell
served as Acting Chief Financial Officer of Foamex International, Inc. from May
to September 1999; as Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration and
Chief Financial Officer of Dominick's Supermarkets, Inc. from July to November
1998; and as Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of
Safety Kleen Corporation from April 1997 to June 1998;
James V. Faulkner, Jr., 59, Vice President, General Counsel, and
Secretary. Mr. Faulkner has been Vice President and General Counsel of the
company since 1995, and was elected Secretary of the company in December 2002.
Peter H. Lazaredes, 52, Senior Vice President and General Manager,
Foodservice/Food Packaging. Mr. Lazaredes has served as Senior Vice President
and General Manager, Foodservice/Food Packaging, since January 2001. Prior to
2001, and since he joined the company in 1996, Mr. Lazaredes held various senior
management positions in the company's specialty-packaging unit.
James D. Morris, 49, Senior Vice President and General Manager, Protective
and Flexible Packaging. Mr. Morris has served as Senior Vice President and
General Manager, Protective and Flexible Packaging since January 2001. Prior to
2001, and since he joined the company in 1995, Mr. Morris held various senior
management positions in the company's specialty-packaging unit.
John N. Schwab, 53, Senior Vice President and General Manager, Hefty(R)
Consumer Products. Mr. Schwab has served as Senior Vice President and General
Manager, Hefty(R) Consumer Products since January 2001. Prior to 2001, and since
he joined the company in 1995, Mr. Schwab held various senior management
positions in the company's specialty-packaging unit.
Henry M. Wells, III, 58, Vice President and Chief Human Resources
Officer. Mr. Wells has served as Vice President and Chief Human Resources
Officer since April 2000. Prior to joining the company, Mr. Wells served as Vice
President, Human Resources, for Banta Corporation from April 1996 to April 2000.
6
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS.
The outstanding shares of common stock ($0.01 par value) of Pactiv
Corporation are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "PTV".
Stock price and dividend information for 2002 and 2001 is shown below.
<Table>
<Caption>
STOCK PRICE/SHARE
----------------- DIVIDENDS
HIGH LOW PAID
------- ------- ---------
2001
First quarter........................................... $14.50 $11.26 $--
Second quarter.......................................... 15.90 11.70 --
Third quarter........................................... 16.48 13.50 --
Fourth quarter.......................................... 18.10 13.55 --
2002
First quarter........................................... 21.00 16.60 --
Second quarter.......................................... 24.47 19.05 --
Third quarter........................................... 23.80 15.95 --
Fourth quarter.......................................... 22.52 15.35 --
</Table>
As of February 28, 2003, there were approximately 45,000 holders of record
of the company's common stock, including brokers and other nominees.
Dividend declarations are at the discretion of the company's board of
directors. The company does not currently plan to declare a dividend; however,
the company periodically considers alternatives, including dividend payments, to
increase shareholder value.
7
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
<Table>
<Caption>
(In millions, except per-share data) 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
STATEMENT OF INCOME (LOSS)
Sales
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging.... $ 2,062 $ 1,997 $ 2,201 $ 2,132 $ 2,048
Protective and Flexible Packaging.......... 818 815 851 896 835
Other...................................... -- -- -- -- 6
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
2,880 2,812 3,052 3,028 2,889
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from continuing operations
before interest expense, income taxes, and
minority interest.......................... 463 391 341 (13) 283
Interest expense, net of interest
capitalized................................ 96 107 134 146 133
Income tax expense (benefit)................. 146 118 91 (47) 67
Minority interest............................ 1 1 3 -- 1
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from continuing operations..... 220 165 113 (112) 82
Income (loss) from discontinued operations,
net of income tax.......................... -- 28 134 (193) 57
Extraordinary loss, net of income tax........ -- -- -- (7) --
Cumulative effect of change in accounting
principles, net of income tax.............. (72) -- -- (32) --
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)............................ $ 148 $ 193 $ 247 $ (344) $ 139
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Average number of shares of common stock
outstanding
Basic...................................... 158.618 158.833 161.722 167.405 168.506
Diluted.................................... 160.613 159.527 161.779 167.663 168.835
Earnings (loss) per share
Basic
Continuing operations................... $ 1.38 $ 1.04 $ 0.70 $ (0.67) $ 0.49
Discontinued operations................. -- 0.17 0.83 (1.15) 0.34
Extraordinary loss...................... -- -- -- (0.04) --
Cumulative effect of change in
accounting principles................. (0.45) -- -- (0.19) --
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
$ 0.93 $ 1.21 $ 1.53 $ (2.05) $ 0.83
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Diluted
Continuing operations................... $ 1.37 $ 1.03 $ 0.70 $ (0.67) $ 0.49
Discontinued operations................. -- 0.17 0.83 (1.15) 0.34
Extraordinary loss...................... -- -- -- (0.04) --
Cumulative effect of change in
accounting principles................. (0.45) -- -- (0.19) --
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
$ 0.92 $ 1.20 $ 1.53 $ (2.05) $ 0.83
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
Net assets of discontinued operations........ $ -- $ -- $ 72 $ 195 $ 366
Total assets................................. 3,412 4,060 4,341 4,588 4,798
Short-term debt including current maturities
of long-term debt.......................... 13 7 13 325 595
Long-term debt............................... 1,224 1,211 1,560 1,741 1,312
Debt allocated to discontinued operations.... -- -- -- -- 548
Minority interest............................ 21 8 22 20 14
Shareholders' equity......................... 897 1,689 1,539 1,350 1,776
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Cash provided (used) by operating
activities................................. $ 384 $ 371 $ 290 $ (31) $ 577
Cash provided (used) by investing
activities................................. (244) (1) 302 (994) (514)
Cash provided (used) by financing
activities................................. (57) (354) (578) 1,030 (67)
Expenditures for property, plant, and
equipment.................................. (126) (145) (135) (173) (194)
</Table>
8
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Financial statements for all periods presented herein have been prepared on
a consolidated basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
consistently applied. All per-share information is presented on a diluted basis
unless otherwise noted. Certain amounts in the prior years' financial statements
have been reclassified to conform with the presentation used in 2002.
The company has three operating segments: Consumer and Foodservice/Food
Packaging, which relates to the manufacture and sale of disposable plastic,
molded-fibre, pressed-paperboard, and aluminum packaging products for the
consumer, foodservice, and food-packaging markets; Protective and Flexible
Packaging, which relates to the manufacture and sale of plastic, paperboard, and
molded-fibre products for protective-packaging markets such as electronics,
automotive, furniture, and e-commerce, and for flexible-packaging applications
in food, medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, and hygienic markets; and Other,
which relates to corporate and administrative service operations and
retiree-benefit income and expense.
RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER AND SPIN-OFF TRANSACTION
Restructuring and Other
In the fourth quarter of 1999, the company recorded a $154 million
restructuring charge, $91 million after tax, or $0.54 per share, related to the
decision to exit noncore businesses and to reduce overhead costs. The
restructuring covered (1) the sale of the company's forest-products and
aluminum-foil container businesses ($68 million), for which cash proceeds of $20
million were received in the fourth quarter of 1999; (2) the sale of certain
assets of the company's administrative service and corporate aircraft operations
($10 million); (3) the impairment of long-lived assets of the company's
packaging-polyethylene business ($68 million); and (4) severance costs
associated with the elimination of 161 positions, primarily in the company's
international operations ($8 million). The impairment charge for the assets of
the packaging-polyethylene business was deemed necessary following completion of
an evaluation of strategic alternatives for the business and represented the
difference between the carrying value of the assets and the forecasted future
cash flows of the business, computed on a discounted basis. In the fourth
quarter of 2000, $1 million of this charge was reversed, as one planned
product-line consolidation was not undertaken and, as a result, 14 positions
were not eliminated. With this exception, all restructuring actions were
completed in 2000.
In the fourth quarter of 2000, the company recorded a restructuring charge
of $71 million, $47 million after tax, or $0.29 per share. Of this amount, $45
million was for the impairment of assets held for sale, including those related
to the packaging-polyethylene business and the company's interest in Sentinel
Polyolefins LLC, a protective-packaging joint venture. In January 2001, the
company received cash proceeds of $72 million from the disposition of these
assets. The remaining $26 million was related to the realignment of operations
and the exiting of low-margin businesses in the company's Protective and
Flexible Packaging segment. Specifically, this charge was for (1) plant closures
in North America and Europe, including the elimination of 202 positions ($6
million); (2) other workforce reductions (187 positions), mainly in Europe ($6
million); (3) impairment of European long-lived assets held for sale ($10
million); and (4) asset write-offs related to the elimination of certain
low-margin product lines ($4 million). The impairment charge for European assets
was recorded following completion of an evaluation of strategic alternatives for
the related businesses and represented the difference between the carrying value
of the assets and their fair value based on market estimates. Restructuring-plan
actions have been completed. Actual cash outlays for severance and other costs
were $3 million less than originally estimated, as 78 fewer positions were
eliminated, while charges for asset write-offs were $3 million more than
initially estimated. Additionally, the company recognized a benefit of $6
million, $4 million after tax, or $0.02 per share, in the fourth quarter of
2001, largely to reflect a lower loss than was originally recorded on the sale
of the company's packaging-polyethylene business.
9
In the fourth quarter of 2001, the company recorded a restructuring charge
of $18 million, $10 million after tax, or $0.06 per share. Of this amount, $5
million was related to higher-than-anticipated expenses associated with the exit
of small, noncore European businesses announced in the fourth quarter of 2000.
The remaining $13 million reflected adoption of a restructuring plan to
consolidate operations and reduce costs in both the Consumer and
Foodservice/Food Packaging ($5 million) and Protective and Flexible Packaging
($8 million) segments. Specifically, this charge was for (1) plant closures and
consolidations in North America and Europe, including the elimination of 283
positions ($10 million); (2) other workforce reductions (99 positions -- $2
million); and (3) asset writedowns related to the exit of a North American
product line ($1 million).
In the second quarter of 2002, the company recognized a benefit of $4
million, $2 million after tax, or $0.02 per share, related to a previously
recorded restructuring charge, primarily as a result of incurring a
lower-than-anticipated loss on the sale of a noncore European business.
Spin-off Transaction Costs
In the fourth quarter of 1999, the company recorded transaction costs
related to its spin-off from Tenneco Inc. (Tenneco) in 1999 that reduced income
before interest expense, income taxes, and minority interest; net income; and
earnings per share by $136 million, $96 million, and $0.57, respectively. These
costs pertained to special curtailment and termination benefits for former
Tenneco employees ($72 million), professional services ($49 million), and
separation from Tenneco operations ($15 million). In the fourth quarters of 2000
and 2001, the company reversed $20 million, $12 million after tax, or $0.08 per
share, and $12 million, $7 million after tax, or $0.04 per share, respectively,
of the previously recorded spin-off transaction costs to reflect
lower-than-anticipated expenses. Actions related to the spin-off transaction
have been completed.
YEAR 2002 COMPARED WITH 2001
RESULTS OF CONTINUING OPERATIONS
Sales
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 CHANGE
(Dollars in millions) ------ ------ ------
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging..................... $2,062 $1,997 3.3%
Protective and Flexible Packaging........................... 818 815 0.4
------ ------
Total....................................................... $2,880 $2,812 2.4%
------ ------
</Table>
Total sales increased $68 million, or 2.4%, in 2002. Excluding the positive
impact of foreign-currency exchange rates ($20 million) and acquisitions ($67
million) and the negative effect of business divestitures ($50 million), sales
grew 1.1%. Volume, excluding divestitures, grew 7.7%, with 5.3% coming from the
base business and 2.4% from acquisitions. Somewhat offsetting the volume gains
were lower selling prices, primarily from the pass through of lower raw-material
costs.
Sales for the Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging business increased
$65 million, or 3.3%, in 2002. Excluding the negative effect of divestitures
($15 million), sales for this segment grew 4.0%. Volume in this business
increased 9.0%, with 6.3% coming from the base business and 2.7% from
acquisitions. The higher volume was offset partially by a decline in selling
prices from the pass through of lower raw-material costs. Contributing to the
volume growth was the introduction of new products: Hefty(R) The Gripper(TM)
tall kitchen waste bags, Hefty(R) Zoo Pals(TM) disposable plates for children,
and foodservice products for major fast-food restaurants. Sales of Protective
and Flexible products increased $3 million, or 0.4%, from 2001. Excluding the
positive impact of foreign-currency exchange rates ($20 million) and the
negative effect of businesses divested in 2001 ($35 million), sales for this
segment improved 2.3%. The increase reflected volume growth of 4.5%, with 2.8%
coming from the base business and 1.7% from acquisitions, offset partially by a
decline in selling prices from the pass through of lower raw-material costs,
principally in North America.
10
Operating Income -- Income before Interest Expense, Income Taxes, and
Minority Interest
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 CHANGE
(Dollars in millions) ---- ---- ------
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging..................... $346 $288 20.1%
Protective and Flexible Packaging........................... 62 29 113.8
Other....................................................... 55 74 (25.7)
---- ----
Total....................................................... $463 $391 18.4%
---- ----
</Table>
Total operating income for 2002 was $463 million, up $72 million, or 18.4%,
from last year. Operating income in 2002 included the impact of reversing $4
million of a previously recorded restructuring charge related to the Protective
and Flexible Packaging segment, while operating income for 2001 included $12
million of restructuring and other charges and the reversal of $12 million of
spin-off transaction cost provisions originally recorded in 1999. Excluding the
effect of these items, operating income by segment was as follows:
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 CHANGE
(Dollars in millions) ---- ---- ------
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging..................... $346 $287 20.6%
Protective and Flexible Packaging........................... 58 42 38.1
Other....................................................... 55 62 (11.3)
---- ----
Total....................................................... $459 $391 17.4%
---- ----
</Table>
Total operating income before restructuring and other charges and spin-off
transaction costs was $459 million in 2002, an increase of $68 million, or
17.4%, over 2001. The increase was driven principally by volume growth;
improvement in gross margin, primarily reflecting growth in higher-margin
product lines and benefits from the company's productivity initiatives; and the
elimination of goodwill amortization in 2002 ($19 million benefit), resulting
from the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 142,
"Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets." See "Changes in Accounting Principles"
for additional information.
Operating income for the Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging segment
increased $59 million, or 20.6%, in 2002, driven principally by volume growth,
productivity improvements, lower logistics costs, and the 2002 elimination of
goodwill amortization ($12 million benefit), offset partially by lower spread
(the difference between selling prices and raw-material costs).
Operating income for the Protective and Flexible Packaging segment
increased $16 million, or 38.1%, from 2001, mainly reflecting higher volume,
benefits from a restructuring program initiated in January 2001, and the 2002
elimination of goodwill amortization ($7 million benefit), offset, in part, by
lower spread.
Operating income for the Other segment was $55 million in 2002, a decrease
of $7 million, or 11.3%, from 2001, mainly driven by lower pension income and
higher stock-based compensation costs.
Interest Expense, Net of Interest Capitalized
Interest expense was $96 million in 2002, down $11 million, or 10.3%, from
2001, mainly because of lower borrowings.
Income Taxes
The company's effective tax rate for 2002 was 40.0%, compared with 41.5%
for 2001. This reduction was attributable principally to the elimination of
goodwill amortization.
Income from Continuing Operations
The company recorded income from continuing operations of $220 million, or
$1.37 per share, in 2002, compared with $165 million, or $1.03 per share, in
2001.
11
In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, income from
continuing operations included the after-tax effects of restructuring and other
charges, spin-off transaction costs, a gain on the sale of a business, pension
income, and goodwill amortization. The company's management believes that by
adjusting income from continuing operations to exclude the effects of these
items, the resulting "core" earnings present a more accurate depiction of the
company's underlying operating performance.
Following is a reconciliation of income from continuing operations and
diluted earnings per share (EPS) from continuing operations with the company's
"core" earnings and "core" EPS, respectively, for 2002, 2001, and 2000:
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
(In millions, except earnings per share) ------ ------ ------
Income from continuing operations........................... $ 220 $ 165 $ 113
After-tax adjustments to exclude:
Restructuring and other charges........................... (2) 7 46
Spin-off transaction costs................................ -- (7) (12)
Gain on sale of a business................................ -- -- (4)
Pension income............................................ (65) (66) (63)
Goodwill amortization..................................... -- 14 14
------ ------ ------
"Core" earnings............................................. $ 153 $ 113 $ 94
------ ------ ------
Diluted EPS
Continuing operations....................................... $ 1.37 $ 1.03 $ 0.70
Adjustments to exclude:
Restructuring and other charges........................... (0.01) 0.04 0.29
Spin-off transaction costs................................ -- (0.04) (0.08)
Gain on sale of a business................................ -- -- (0.02)
Pension income............................................ (0.41) (0.42) (0.39)
Goodwill amortization..................................... -- 0.09 0.08
------ ------ ------
"Core" EPS.................................................. $ 0.95 $ 0.70 $ 0.58
------ ------ ------
</Table>
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In 2001, the company recorded after-tax income from discontinued operations
of $28 million, or $0.17 per share, which represented gains on the sale of the
company's remaining holdings of Packaging Corporation of America (PCA) stock.
CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS
No. 142. Effective January 1, 2002, the company adopted SFAS No. 142 and
recorded a goodwill-impairment charge for certain Protective and Flexible
Packaging businesses of $83 million, $72 million after tax, or $0.45 per share,
as a cumulative effect of change in accounting principles in the first quarter
of 2002.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Capitalization
<Table>
<Caption>
DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2002 2001
------ ------
Short-term debt, including current maturities of long-term
debt...................................................... $ 13 $ 7
Long-term debt.............................................. 1,224 1,211
------ ------
Total debt.................................................. 1,237 1,218
Minority interest........................................... 21 8
Shareholders' equity........................................ 897 1,689
------ ------
Total capitalization........................................ $2,155 $2,915
------ ------
</Table>
12
Shareholders' equity decreased $792 million from December 31, 2001, to
December 31, 2002, primarily as a result of recognizing a minimum pension-plan
liability and reducing net pension-plan assets. The recording of these
transactions was necessitated by requirements of SFAS No. 87, "Employers'
Accounting for Pensions," in that the fair-market value of pension-plan assets
fell below the company's accumulated pension-benefit obligations as of the
annual measurement date for U.S. (September 30) and foreign (December 31) plans.
This resulted from (1) the impact of the sharp decline in equity markets on the
value of the pension plans' assets and (2) the reduction (from 7.25% to 6.75%
for U.S. plans) in the discount rate used to measure pension-plan obligations.
These factors gave rise to a $966 million decrease in shareholders' equity,
which had no effect on 2002 net income, cash flow, bank-covenant compliance, or
requirements to make contributions to the pension plans. This decline was offset
partially by net income of $148 million.
The ratio of debt to total capitalization rose to 57.4% at December 31,
2002, from 41.8% at December 31, 2001, primarily because of the decrease in
shareholders' equity.
Cash Flows
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001
(In millions) ----- -----
Cash provided (used) by:
Operating activities...................................... $ 384 $ 371
Investing activities...................................... (244) (1)
Financing activities...................................... (57) (354)
</Table>
Cash provided by operating activities was $384 million in 2002, compared
with $371 million in 2001. The $13 million improvement reflected the increase in
income from continuing operations, offset partially by the impact of various
other items, primarily higher receivables driven by increased sales and a
decline in the level of asset securitization.
Investing activities used $244 million of cash in 2002, principally for
capital expenditures ($126 million) and acquisitions ($125 million). Cash used
by investing activities was $1 million in 2001, primarily reflecting the net of
expenditures for property, plant, and equipment ($145 million) and proceeds from
the sale of businesses ($69 million) and PCA stock ($87 million).
Cash used by financing activities was $57 million in 2002, driven primarily
by the repurchase of company stock ($40 million) and the retirement of debt ($28
million). Financing activities used $354 million of cash in 2001, primarily for
the retirement of debt.
Capital Commitments
Commitments for authorized expenditures totaled approximately $90 million
at December 31, 2002. It is anticipated that the majority of these expenditures
will be funded over the next 12 months from existing cash and short-term
investments and internally generated cash.
Liquidity and Off-Balance-Sheet Financing
The company uses various sources of funding to manage liquidity, including
off-balance-sheet financing vehicles.
Sources of liquidity include cash flow from operations and a 5-year, $750
million revolving-credit facility, under which $36 million was outstanding at
December 31, 2002. The company was in full compliance with financial and other
covenants included in the revolving-credit agreement at year-end 2002.
Off-balance-sheet financing consists of an asset-securitization program and
a synthetic-lease facility. Asset securitization totaled $10 million and $44
million at December 31, 2002, and December 31, 2001, respectively. The
synthetic-lease agreement, which will expire in 2005, contains customary terms
and conditions covering, among other things, residual-value guarantees, default
provisions, and financial covenants, and requires the company to satisfy certain
financial-ratio tests. Termination of the lease
13
agreement, either before or at expiration, would require the company to make a
termination payment ($169 million at December 31, 2002, and 2001), which, in
essence, represents off-balance-sheet debt in that the company might be required
to obtain alternative financing to fund such a payment. Likewise, termination of
the asset-securitization program would require the company to increase its debt
or decrease its cash balance by a corresponding amount. See "Critical Accounting
Policies" for more information on the company's synthetic-lease agreement.
Management believes that cash flow from operations, available cash
reserves, and the ability to obtain cash under the company's credit facilities
and asset-securitization program will be sufficient to meet current and future
liquidity and capital requirements.
YEAR 2001 COMPARED WITH 2000
RESULTS OF CONTINUING OPERATIONS
Sales
<Table>
<Caption>
2001 2000 CHANGE
(Dollars in millions) ------ ------ ------
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging..................... $1,997 $2,201 (9.3)%
Protective and Flexible Packaging........................... 815 851 (4.2)
------ ------
Total....................................................... $2,812 $3,052 (7.9)%
------ ------
</Table>
Total sales declined $240 million, or 7.9%, in 2001. Excluding the negative
impact of foreign-currency exchange rates, divestitures, and discontinued
product lines, sales were essentially even with last year.
Sales for the Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging business declined
$204 million, or 9.3%, in 2001. Excluding the effects of divestitures and
discontinued product lines, sales for this segment were 0.9% higher than in
2000, primarily because of higher selling prices and volume gains. Sales of
Protective and Flexible Packaging products declined $36 million, or 4.2%, from
2000. Excluding the negative impact of foreign-currency exchange rates and
businesses divested in 2001, sales for this segment were 1.8% lower than in
2000, as higher sales in Europe were more than offset by protective-packaging
volume declines in North America.
Operating Income -- Income before Interest Expense, Income Taxes, and
Minority Interest
<Table>
<Caption>
2001 2000 CHANGE
(Dollars in millions) ---- ---- ------
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging..................... $288 $254 13.4%
Protective and Flexible Packaging........................... 29 5 --
Other....................................................... 74 82 (9.8)
---- ----
Total....................................................... $391 $341 14.7%
---- ----
</Table>
Total operating income for 2001 included $12 million of restructuring and
other charges recorded in the fourth quarter and the reversal of $12 million of
spin-off transaction cost provisions originally recorded in 1999. Similarly,
total operating income for 2000 included $70 million of restructuring and other
charges, the reversal of $20 million of spin-off transaction cost provisions
originally recorded in 1999, and a $6 million gain on the sale of a business.
Excluding the effect of these items, operating income by segment was as follows:
<Table>
<Caption>
2001 2000 CHANGE
(Dollars in millions) ---- ---- ------
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging..................... $287 $279 2.9%
Protective and Flexible Packaging........................... 42 44 (4.5)
Other....................................................... 62 62 --
---- ----
Total....................................................... $391 $385 1.6%
---- ----
</Table>
Operating income before restructuring and other charges, spin-off
transaction costs, and, for 2000, a gain on the sale of a business, was $391
million in 2001, an increase of $6 million, or 1.6%, over 2000. The
14
increase was driven principally by the effective management of the spread
between selling prices and raw-material costs and cost savings from the 2000
restructuring program, offset partially by protective-packaging volume declines
in North America.
Operating income for the Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging segment
increased $8 million, or 2.9%, in 2001, driven principally by the effective
management of spread, volume growth for core products, and lower logistics
costs, offset partially by increased spending in support of branded products and
on new product launches.
Operating income for the Protective and Flexible Packaging segment declined
$2 million, or 4.5%, from 2000, driven principally by lower volume in North
America, offset, in part, by the favorable impact of year 2000 price increases
and manufacturing cost savings related to the 2000 restructuring program.
Operating income for the Other segment was $62 million in 2001, unchanged
from 2000.
Interest Expense, Net of Interest Capitalized
Interest expense was $107 million in 2001, down $27 million, or 20.1%, from
2000, mainly because of lower borrowings.
Income Taxes
Pactiv's effective tax rate for 2001 was 41.5% compared with 44.0% for
2000. Excluding the tax impact of the previously discussed restructuring and
other charges and spin-off transaction expenses, the effective tax rate for 2001
and 2000 was 41.5% and 42.0%, respectively.
Income from Continuing Operations
The company recorded net income from continuing operations of $165 million,
or $1.03 per share, in 2001, compared with net income of $113 million, or $0.70
per share, in 2000. Excluding restructuring and other charges, spin-off
transaction costs, and a gain on the sale of a business, net income from
continuing operations was $165 million, or $1.03 per share, in 2001, compared
with $143 million, or $0.89 per share, in 2000.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In 2001, the company recorded net income from discontinued operations of
$28 million, or $0.17 per share, which represented the after-tax gain on the
sale of the company's remaining holdings of PCA stock. In 2000, the company
reported net income from discontinued operations of $134 million, or $0.83 per
share, which represented the after-tax gain on the February 2000 sale of the
majority of the company's equity interest in PCA.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Capitalization
<Table>
<Caption>
DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2001 2000
------ ------
Short-term debt, including current maturities of long-term
debt...................................................... $ 7 $ 13
Long-term debt.............................................. 1,211 1,560
------ ------
Total debt.................................................. 1,218 1,573
Minority interest........................................... 8 22
Shareholders' equity........................................ 1,689 1,539
------ ------
Total capitalization........................................ $2,915 $3,134
------ ------
</Table>
Pactiv's ratio of debt to total capitalization was 41.8% and 50.2% at
December 31, 2001, and December 31, 2000, respectively. Total borrowings
declined $355 million, or 22.6%, in 2001, as free cash
15
flow and proceeds from the sale of the packaging-polyethylene business, the
company's interest in a joint venture, and PCA stock were used to repay debt.
Shareholders' equity increased $150 million in 2001, reflecting the
recording of income from continuing and discontinued operations of $165 million
and $28 million, respectively, offset partially by a decrease in unrealized
gains on PCA stock holdings.
Cash Flows
<Table>
<Caption>
2001 2000
(In millions) ---- ----
Cash provided (used) by:
Operating activities...................................... $371 $290
Investing activities...................................... (1) 302
Financing activities...................................... (354) (578)
</Table>
Cash provided by operating activities was $371 million in 2001, versus $290
million in 2000. The $81 million increase was driven principally by higher
income from continuing operations, increased utilization of net operating loss
carryforwards, and better working capital management.
Cash used by investing activities was $1 million in 2001, as proceeds ($146
million) from the sale of businesses ($69 million, related primarily to the
disposal of the packaging-polyethylene unit) and PCA stock ($87 million) were
offset principally by expenditures for property, plant, and equipment ($145
million). Cash provided by investing activities was $302 million in 2000, as
proceeds from the sale of PCA stock ($394 million) and certain product lines
($50 million) more than offset expenditures for property, plant, and equipment
($135 million).
Cash used by financing activities was $354 million in 2001, driven
primarily by the retirement of debt. Cash used by financing activities was $578
million in 2000, driven primarily by the retirement of debt and the repurchase
of stock.
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
In May 2000, the FASB's Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) reached a
consensus on Issue No. 00-14, "Accounting for Certain Sales Incentives." This
issue addresses the recognition, measurement, and income-statement
classification of various types of sales incentives, including discounts,
coupons, rebates, and free products. With the company's fourth-quarter 2001
adoption of EITF No. 00-14, certain expenses that historically (i.e., 2001 and
prior years) had been included in selling, general, and administrative costs
were reclassified as deductions from sales for all periods presented herein.
In April 2001, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-25, "Accounting
for Consideration from a Vendor to a Retailer in Connection with the Purchase or
Promotion of the Vendor's Products." This consensus requires that consideration
provided by a vendor to a purchaser of its products be recognized as a reduction
of sales, except in those instances where an identifiable and measurable benefit
is or will be received by the vendor from the purchaser. With the company's
fourth-quarter 2001 adoption of EITF No. 00-25, certain expenses that
historically (i.e., 2001 and prior years) had been included in selling, general,
and administrative costs were reclassified as deductions from sales for all
periods presented herein.
In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations," and
SFAS No. 142. SFAS No. 141 requires that business combinations initiated after
June 30, 2001, be accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and
broadens the criteria for recording intangible assets separate from goodwill.
SFAS No. 142 does not permit goodwill and certain intangibles to be amortized,
but requires that an impairment loss be recognized if recorded amounts exceed
fair values. Effective January 1, 2002, the company adopted SFAS No. 142, and
recorded a goodwill-impairment charge of $83 million, $72 million after tax, or
$0.45 per share, in the first quarter of 2002. Adoption of SFAS No. 142 added
16
$19 million, $14 million, and $0.09 to income before interest, income taxes, and
minority interest; net income from continuing operations; and earnings per
share, respectively, for 2002.
In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs
Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities." SFAS No. 146 requires companies to
recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when they are
incurred rather than at the time that a commitment to an exit or disposal plan
is made. Examples of costs covered by the statement include lease-termination
expenses and certain employee-severance costs that are associated with a
restructuring, discontinuing an operation, a plant closing, or other exit or
disposal activities. SFAS No. 146 is to be applied prospectively to exit or
disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002.
In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation (FIN) No. 45, "Guarantor's
Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Guarantees of
Indebtedness of Others." FIN No. 45 requires that certain guarantees be recorded
at fair value and requires guarantors to make significant new disclosures, even
if the likelihood of making payments under the guarantees is remote. The initial
recognition and measurement provisions of FIN No. 45 are to be applied on a
prospective basis for guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. The
disclosure requirements are effective for financial statements issued after
December 15, 2002.
In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation -- Transition and Disclosure." SFAS No. 148 delineates alternative
transition approaches for companies electing to change their method of
accounting for stock-based compensation costs to the fair-value method
prescribed in SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." While not
requiring companies to use the fair-value method of accounting for stock-based
compensation, SFAS No. 148 does require companies to provide greater disclosure,
including tabular presentation of pro forma net income and earnings per share as
if the fair-value method had been used for all periods presented, regardless of
whether companies use SFAS No. 123's fair-value method or Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 25's intrinsic-value method. SFAS No. 148's transition and
disclosure requirements are effective for quarterly and annual periods ending
after December 15, 2002.
In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable
Interest Entities." FIN No. 46 addresses accounting for variable interest
entities (VIEs), defined as separate legal structures that either do not have
equity investors with voting rights or have equity investors with voting rights
that do not provide sufficient financial resources for the entities to support
their activities. FIN No. 46 requires that (1) a VIE be consolidated by a
company if that company is subject to a majority of the VIE's gains and losses
and (2) disclosures be made regarding VIEs that a company is not required to
consolidate but in which it has a significant variable interest. Consolidation
requirements apply immediately to VIEs created after January 31, 2003, and in
the first fiscal year or interim period beginning after June 15, 2003, for
existing VIEs. Certain of the disclosure requirements apply to financial
statements issued after January 31, 2003, regardless of when the VIE was
created. Upon Pactiv's July 1, 2003, adoption of FIN No. 46, the company is
likely to consolidate the VIE associated with the properties covered by its
synthetic-lease facility, resulting in an increase in long-term debt and
property, plant, and equipment of $169 million and $152 million, respectively.
Consolidation of the VIE also would require the company to recognize, as a
cumulative effect of change in accounting principles, depreciation expense on
the leased assets from lease inception to June 30, 2003, which would negatively
impact net income by approximately $10 million, or $0.06 per share. On a
going-forward basis, consolidation of the VIE would reduce net income by
approximately $3 million, or $0.02 per share, annually.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Following are the accounting policies of Pactiv that, in management's
opinion, are the most important in portraying the company's financial condition
and results of operations. These policies involve a degree of judgment and/or
estimation regarding inherently uncertain factors.
17
Sales Deductions
In arriving at net sales, the company estimates the amount of sales
deductions likely to be earned or taken by customers in conjunction with
incentive programs such as volume rebates, early payment discounts, and coupon
redemptions. Such estimates are based on historical trends and are reviewed
quarterly for possible revision. The company believes the amount of sales
deductions reflected in net sales for the 12 months ended December 31, 2002, is
reasonable. In the event that future sales-deduction trends vary significantly
from past or expected trends, reported sales might increase or decrease by a
material amount.
Inventory Valuation
The company's inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. A
portion of inventories (56% at December 31, 2002, and 2001) is valued using the
last-in, first-out (LIFO) method of accounting. Management prefers the LIFO
method in that it reflects in cost of sales the current cost of the company's
raw materials (primarily plastic resins), which can be volatile. If the company
had valued these inventories using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) accounting
method, net income would have been $2 million, or $0.01 per share, and $10
million, or $0.06 per share, lower in 2002 and 2001, respectively, and would
have been $10 million, or $0.06 per share, higher in 2000.
The company's Protective and Flexible Packaging businesses value their
inventory using FIFO or average-cost methods. Many of these businesses are
located in countries where use of the LIFO method is not permitted. Management
believes that the cost and complexity of using multiple inventory-accounting
methods in these countries would outweigh the benefits.
Management periodically reviews its inventory balances to identify
slow-moving or obsolete items. This determination is based on a number of
factors, including new product introductions, changes in consumer demand
patterns, and historical usage trends.
Pension Plans
The company accounts for pension plans in accordance with requirements of
SFAS No. 87. Pension-plan income ($109 million, $113 million, and $108 million
for the 12 months ended December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively) is
included in the statement of income as an offset to selling, general, and
administrative expenses. Projections indicate that the company's noncash pension
income will decline to approximately $60 million in 2003, principally reflecting
the decline in equity market values, the reduction in the discount rate used to
measure pension obligations from 7.25% to 6.75%, and the impact of the company's
decision to reduce the expected long-term rate of return on pension assets for
2003 from 9.5% to 9%.
Pension income is based on a number of factors, including estimates of
future returns on pension-plan assets; amortization of actuarial gains/losses;
expectations regarding employee compensation; and assumptions pertaining to
participant turnover, retirement age, and life expectancy.
In developing its assumption regarding the rate of return on pension-plan
assets, the company receives input from its outside actuary and investment
advisors on asset-allocation strategies and projections of long-term rates of
return on various asset classes, risk-free rates of return, and long-term
inflation rates. Since inception in 1971, the pension plans' annual rate of
return on assets has averaged 10.5%. Over its history, the plan has invested
approximately 65% of its assets in equities and 35% in fixed income. After
consideration of all of these factors, the company concluded that a 9%
rate-of-return assumption was appropriate for 2003. Holding all other
assumptions constant, a one-half percentage-point change in the rate-of-return
assumption would impact the company's pension income by approximately $20
million pretax.
The company's discount-rate assumption is based on returns on long-term
corporate bonds that receive the second-highest credit rating from recognized
rating agencies as of its measurement date (approximately 6.75% at September 30,
2002). Consequently, the company lowered its discount-rate
18
assumption for 2003 to 6.75% from 7.25%. Holding all other assumptions constant,
a one-half percentage-point change in the discount rate would impact the
company's pension income by approximately $10 million pretax.
The company utilizes a market-related method for calculating the value of
plan assets. This method recognizes the difference between actual and expected
returns on plan assets over 5 years. The resulting unrecognized gains or losses,
along with other actuarial gains and losses, are amortized using the "corridor
approach" outlined in SFAS No. 87. Holding all current assumptions constant, the
company's pension income will decline by approximately $20 million pretax in
2004, principally reflecting the amortization of unrecognized actuarial losses.
Synthetic Leases
The company has entered into a synthetic-lease agreement with a third-party
lessor and various lenders to finance the cost of its headquarters building and
certain of its warehouse facilities. The synthetic-lease agreement, which will
expire in November 2005, contains customary terms and conditions covering, among
other things, residual-value guarantees, default provisions, and financial
covenants, and requires the company to satisfy certain financial-ratio tests,
with which it was in full compliance at December 31, 2002. Termination of the
lease agreement, either before or at expiration, would require the company to
make a termination payment ($169 million at December 31, 2002), which, in
essence, represents off-balance-sheet debt in that the company might be required
to obtain alternative financing to fund such a payment.
In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN No. 46, which revises the accounting
and disclosure requirements for VIEs, such as the company's synthetic-lease
agreement. See "Changes in Accounting Principles" for further information
concerning VIEs.
19
ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The company is exposed to market risks related to changes in
foreign-currency exchange rates, interest rates, and commodity prices. To manage
these risks, the company, from time to time, enters into various hedging
contracts in accordance with established policies and procedures. The company
does not use hedging instruments for trading purposes and is not a party to any
transactions involving leveraged derivatives.
Foreign-Currency Exchange
The company uses foreign-currency forward contracts to hedge its exposure
to adverse changes in exchange rates, primarily related to the British pound and
the euro. Associated gains or losses offset gains or losses on underlying assets
or liabilities.
In managing foreign-currency risk, the company aggregates existing
positions and hedges residual exposures through third-party derivative
contracts. The following table summarizes foreign-currency forward contracts in
effect at December 31, 2002, all of which will mature in 2003.
<Table>
<Caption>
NOTIONAL AMOUNT WEIGHTED-AVERAGE NOTIONAL AMOUNT
IN FOREIGN CURRENCY SETTLEMENT RATE IN U.S. DOLLARS
(In millions, except settlement rates) ------------------- ---------------- ---------------
Euros -- Purchase...................... 48 1.05 $ 50
-- Sell.......................... (3) 1.05 (3)
British pounds -- Purchase...................... 2 1.61 3
-- Sell.......................... (30) 1.61 (49)
</Table>
Interest Rates
The company is exposed to interest-rate risk on revolving-credit debt ($36
million at December 31, 2002) that bears interest at a floating rate based on
LIBOR. In addition, the company has public-debt securities outstanding ($1,204
million at December 31, 2002) with fixed interest rates and original maturity
dates ranging from 3 to 25 years. Should the company decide to redeem these
securities prior to their stated maturity, it would incur costs based on the
fair value of the securities at that time.
The following table provides information about Pactiv's financial
instruments that are sensitive to interest-rate risks.
<Table>
<Caption>
ESTIMATED MATURITY DATES
------------------------------------------------------
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 THEREAFTER TOTAL
(In millions) ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------- ------
FACILITIES WITH FLOATING INTEREST RATES
BASED ON LIBOR
5-year revolving-credit facility.......... $-- $36 $ -- $-- $-- $ -- $ 36
DEBT SECURITIES WITH FIXED INTEREST RATES
Long-term debt securities................. 8 7 307 7 99 776 1,204
</Table>
Prior to the spin-off, the company entered into an interest-rate swap to
hedge its exposure to interest-rate movements. The company settled this swap in
November 1999, incurring a $43 million loss, which is being recognized as
additional interest expense over the average life of the underlying debt.
In the first quarter of 2001, the company entered into interest-rate swap
agreements to convert floating-rate debt on its synthetic-lease obligations to
fixed-rate debt. This action was taken to reduce the company's exposure to
interest-rate risk. During the first quarter of 2002, the company exited these
swap agreements, and related accumulated deferred net losses of $2 million at
December 31, 2002, will be expensed over the remaining life of the underlying
obligations.
Commodities
The company purchases commodities such as plastic resin, paper, aluminum,
and natural gas at market prices, and occasionally uses financial instruments,
primarily short-term forward contracts, to hedge certain commodity prices.
Several contracts for aluminum remained open at December 31, 2002.
20
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PACTIV CORPORATION
AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
<Table>
<Caption>
PAGE
----
Report of independent auditors.............................. 22
Statement of income for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2002............................ 24
Statement of financial position at December 31, 2002 and
2001...................................................... 25
Statement of cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2002............................ 26
Statement of changes in shareholders' equity and
comprehensive income (loss) for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2002........................ 27
Notes to financial statements............................... 28
</Table>
21
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Pactiv Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial
position of Pactiv Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and consolidated
subsidiaries (the company) as of December 31, 2002, and the related consolidated
statements of income, cash flows, and changes in shareholders' equity and other
comprehensive income (loss) for the year then ended. Our audit also included the
financial statement schedule listed in the index for Item 14, relating to
information as of December 31, 2002 and for the year then ended. These
consolidated financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the
company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
consolidated financial statements and schedule based on our audit. The
consolidated financial statements and schedule as of December 31, 2001, and for
each of the 2 years in the period then ended were audited by another auditor who
has ceased operations and whose report dated January 22, 2002, expressed an
unqualified opinion on such statements before the inclusion of additional
disclosures referred to in the last paragraph of this report.
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial-statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the company as
of December 31, 2002, and the consolidated results of its operations and its
cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States. Also, in our opinion, the related
financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial
statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects the
information set forth therein.
As discussed in Notes 2 and 9 to the financial statements, the company
changed its method of accounting for goodwill in the year-ended December 31,
2002.
As discussed above, the financial statements of Pactiv Corporation and
consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2001, and for the 2 years in the
period ended December 31, 2001, were audited by another auditor who has ceased
operations. As described in Note 9, these financial statements have been revised
to include the transitional disclosures required by Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," which was
adopted by the company as of January 1, 2002. Our audit procedures with respect
to the disclosures in Note 9 with respect to 2001 and 2000 included (1) agreeing
the previously reported income from continuing operations to the previously
issued financial statements and agreeing the adjustments to reported income from
continuing operations representing amortization expense (including any related
tax effects) recognized in those periods related to goodwill to the company's
underlying records obtained from management, and (2) testing the mathematical
accuracy of the reconciliation of previously reported income from continuing
operations to adjusted income from continuing operations and net income, and the
related earnings-per-share amounts. In our opinion, the disclosures for 2001 and
2000 in Note 9 are appropriate. However, we were not engaged to audit, review,
or apply any procedures to the 2001 or 2000 financial statements of the company
other than with respect to such disclosures and, accordingly, we do not express
an opinion or any other form of assurance on the 2001 or 2000 financial
statements taken as a whole.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Chicago, Illinois
January 21, 2003
22
BELOW IS A COPY OF THE AUDIT REPORT PREVIOUSLY ISSUED BY ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP IN
CONNECTION WITH THE COMPANY'S FILING ON FORM 10-K FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 2001. THIS AUDIT REPORT HAS NOT BEEN REISSUED BY ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP IN
CONNECTION WITH THIS FILING ON FORM 10-K.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Pactiv Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying statements of financial position of Pactiv
Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and consolidated subsidiaries as of
December 31, 2001, and 2000, and the related statements of income (loss),
retained earnings, cash flows, changes in shareholders' equity, and
comprehensive income (loss) for each of the 3 years ended December 31, 2001.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the company's management.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial-statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Pactiv Corporation and
consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2001, and 2000, and the results of
its operations and its cash flows for the 3 years ended December 31, 2001, in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
As explained in Note 3 to the financial statements referred to above,
effective January 1, 1999, the company changed its method of accounting for the
cost of start-up activities.
Our audit was made for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic
financial statements taken as a whole. The schedules listed in the index of
financial statements are presented for purposes of complying with the Securities
and Exchange Commission's rules and are not part of the basic financial
statements. These schedules have been subjected to the auditing procedures
applied in the audit for the basic financial statements and, in our opinion,
fairly state in all material respects the financial data required to be set
forth therein in relation to the basic financial statement taken as a whole.
/s/ ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Chicago, Illinois
January 22, 2002
23
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
<Table>
<Caption>
FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 2002 2001 2000
(In millions, except share and per-share data) ----------- ----------- -----------
SALES
Consumer and Foodservice/Food Packaging............... $ 2,062 $ 1,997 $ 2,201
Protective and Flexible Packaging..................... 818 815 851
----------- ----------- -----------
2,880 2,812 3,052
----------- ----------- -----------
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Cost of sales, excluding depreciation and
amortization....................................... 1,967 1,950 2,235
Selling, general, and administrative.................. 296 288 247
Depreciation and amortization......................... 158 177 185
Other (income) expense, net........................... -- 6 (6)
Restructuring and other............................... (4) 12 70
Spin-off transaction.................................. -- (12) (20)
----------- ----------- -----------
2,417 2,421 2,711
----------- ----------- -----------
INCOME BEFORE INTEREST EXPENSE, INCOME TAXES, AND
MINORITY INTEREST..................................... 463 391 341
Interest expense, net of interest capitalized........... 96 107 134
Income tax expense...................................... 146 118 91
Minority interest....................................... 1 1 3
----------- ----------- -----------
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS....................... 220 165 113
Income from discontinued operations, net of income
tax................................................... -- 28 134
----------- ----------- -----------
Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting
principles............................................ 220 193 247
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles,
net of income tax..................................... (72) -- --
----------- ----------- -----------
NET INCOME.............................................. $ 148 $ 193 $ 247
----------- ----------- -----------
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Average number of shares of common stock outstanding
Basic................................................. 158,618,274 158,833,296 161,722,021
Diluted............................................... 160,613,075 159,527,170 161,778,740
Basic earnings per share of common stock
Continuing operations................................. $ 1.38 $ 1.04 $ 0.70
Discontinued operations............................... -- 0.17 0.83
Cumulative effect of change in accounting
principles......................................... (0.45) -- --
----------- ----------- -----------
$ 0.93 $ 1.21 $ 1.53
----------- ----------- -----------
Diluted earnings per share of common stock
Continuing operations................................. $ 1.37 $ 1.03 $ 0.70
Discontinued operations............................... -- 0.17 0.83
Cumulative effect of change in accounting
principles......................................... (0.45) -- --
----------- ----------- -----------
$ 0.92 $ 1.20 $ 1.53
----------- ----------- -----------
</Table>
The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of this
statement.
24
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
<Table>
<Caption>
AT DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) 2002 2001
------ ------
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and temporary cash investments....................... $ 127 $ 41
Accounts and notes receivable
Trade, less allowances of $11 and $12 in the respective
periods............................................... 329 259
Income taxes........................................... -- 8
Other.................................................. 29 21
Inventories............................................... 368 332
Deferred income taxes..................................... 23 36
Prepayments and other..................................... 28 43
------ ------
Total current assets...................................... 904 740
------ ------
Property, plant, and equipment, net......................... 1,366 1,273
------ ------
Other assets
Goodwill.................................................. 612 615
Intangible assets, net.................................... 294 293
Deferred income taxes..................................... -- 21
Pension assets, net....................................... 170 1,045
Other..................................................... 66 73
------ ------
Total other assets........................................ 1,142 2,047
------ ------
TOTAL ASSETS................................................ $3,412 $4,060
------ ------
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Short-term debt, including current maturities of long-term
debt................................................... $ 13 $ 7
Accounts payable.......................................... 217 201
Taxes accrued............................................. 11 10
Interest accrued.......................................... 9 9
Accrued liabilities....................................... 191 167
Other..................................................... 60 65
------ ------
Total current liabilities................................. 501 459
------ ------
Long-term debt.............................................. 1,224 1,211
------ ------
Deferred income taxes....................................... 140 594
------ ------
Pension and postretirement benefits......................... 586 52
------ ------
Deferred credits and other liabilities...................... 43 47
------ ------
Minority interest........................................... 21 8
------ ------
Shareholders' equity
Common stock (158,681,918 and 159,431,382 shares issued
and outstanding after deducting 13,101,457 and
11,759,094 shares held in treasury in the respective
periods)............................................... 2 2
Premium on common stock and other capital surplus......... 1,379 1,398
Accumulated other comprehensive loss...................... (975) (54)
Retained earnings......................................... 491 343
------ ------
Total shareholders' equity................................ 897 1,689
------ ------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY.................. $3,412 $4,060
------ ------
</Table>
The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of this
statement.
25
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
<Table>
<Caption>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2002 2001 2000
----- ----- -----
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Income from continuing operations........................... $ 220 $ 165 $ 113
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations
to cash provided by continuing operations
Depreciation and amortization............................. 158 177 185
Deferred income taxes..................................... 101 112 72
Restructuring and other................................... (4) 12 70
Noncash retirement benefits, net.......................... (109) (104) (100)
Changes in components of working capital
(Increase) decrease in receivables..................... (40) (1) 20
(Increase) decrease in inventories..................... (9) 25 4
(Increase) decrease in prepayments and other current
assets................................................ 3 (7) (7)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable................ 4 1 (24)
Increase (decrease) in taxes accrued................... 35 22 (24)
Decrease in interest accrued........................... -- (5) (3)
Increase (decrease) in other current liabilities....... 10 (27) 4
Other..................................................... 15 1 (20)
----- ----- -----
CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES....................... 384 371 290
----- ----- -----
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net proceeds related to sale of discontinued operations..... -- 87 394
Net proceeds from sale of businesses and assets............. 7 69 50
Expenditures for property, plant, and equipment............. (126) (145) (135)
Acquisitions of businesses and assets....................... (125) (13) (5)
Investments and other....................................... -- 1 (2)
----- ----- -----
CASH PROVIDED (USED) BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES................ (244) (1) 302
----- ----- -----
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Issuance of common stock.................................... 11 16 15
Purchase of common stock.................................... (40) -- (100)
Purchase of preferred stock................................. -- (15) --
Issuance of long-term debt.................................. -- -- 36
Retirement of long-term debt................................ (22) (348) (221)
Net decrease in short-term debt, excluding current
maturities of long-term debt.............................. (6) (7) (308)
----- ----- -----
CASH USED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES........................... (57) (354) (578)
----- ----- -----
Effect of foreign-exchange rate changes on cash and
temporary cash investments................................ 3 (1) --
----- ----- -----
INCREASE IN CASH AND TEMPORARY CASH INVESTMENTS............. 86 15 14
Cash and temporary cash investments, January 1.............. 41 26 12
----- ----- -----
CASH AND TEMPORARY CASH INVESTMENTS, DECEMBER 31............ $ 127 $ 41 $ 26
----- ----- -----
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH-FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during year for interest.......................... $ 97 $ 114 $ 139
Cash paid (refunded) for income taxes....................... 18 (16) 39
</Table>
The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of this
statement.
26
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(LOSS)
<Table>
<Caption>
PREMIUM ON ACCUMULATED
COMMON STOCK RETAINED OTHER TOTAL TOTAL
COMMON AND OTHER EARNINGS COMPREHENSIVE SHAREHOLDERS' COMPREHENSIVE
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS) STOCK CAPITAL SURPLUS (DEFICIT) INCOME (LOSS) EQUITY INCOME
- --------------------- ------ --------------- --------- ------------- ------------- -------------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1999.... $2 $1,468 $(96) $ (24) $1,350
Premium on common stock issued
(1,565,233 shares).......... 15 15
Treasury stock repurchased
(11,742,951 shares)......... (100) (100)
Change in net unrealized gains
and losses.................. 42 42 $ 42
Translation of
foreign-currency
statements.................. (15) (15) (15)
Net income.................... 247 247 247
-----
Total comprehensive income.... 274
-- ------ ---- ----- ------ -----
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2000.... 2 1,383 151 3 1,539
Premium on common stock issued
(1,254,445 shares).......... 15 15
Change in net unrealized gains
and losses.................. (42) (42) (42)
Translation of foreign
currency statements......... (7) (7) (7)
Additional minimum pension
liability adjustment, net of
tax of $2................... (3) (3) (3)
Purchase of preferred stock... (1) (1)
Change in unrealized losses on
interest-rate swaps......... (5) (5) (5)
Net income.................... 193 193 193
-----
Total comprehensive income.... 136
-- ------ ---- ----- ------ -----
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2001.... 2 1,398 343 (54) 1,689
Premium on common stock issued
(1,369,545 shares).......... 21 21
Treasury stock repurchased
(2,119,009 shares).......... (40) (40)
Translation of
foreign-currency
statements.................. 42 42 42
Additional minimum pension
liability adjustment, net of
tax of $538................. (966) (966) (966)
Change in unrealized losses on
interest-rate swaps......... 3 3 3
Net income.................... 148 148 148
-----
Total comprehensive loss...... $(773)
-- ------ ---- ----- ------ -----
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2002.... $2 $1,379 $491 $(975) $ 897
-- ------ ---- ----- ------
</Table>
The accompanying notes to financial statements are an integral part of this
statement.
27
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Financial statements for all periods presented herein have been prepared on
a consolidated basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
consistently applied. All per-share information is presented on a diluted basis
unless otherwise noted. Certain amounts in the prior years' financial statements
have been reclassified to conform with the presentation used in 2002.
The company has three operating segments: Consumer and Foodservice/Food
Packaging, which relates to the manufacture and sale of disposable plastic,
molded-fibre, pressed-paperboard, and aluminum packaging products for the
consumer, foodservice, and food-packaging markets; Protective and Flexible
Packaging, which relates to the manufacture and sale of plastic, paperboard, and
molded-fibre products for protective-packaging markets such as electronics,
automotive, furniture, and e-commerce, and for flexible-packaging applications
in food, medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, and hygienic markets; and Other,
which relates to corporate and administrative service operations and
retiree-benefit income and expense.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Consolidation
The financial statements of the company include all majority-owned
subsidiaries. Investments in 20%-to 50%-owned companies in which Pactiv has the
ability to exert significant influence over operating and financial policies are
carried at cost plus share of equity in undistributed earnings since date of
acquisition. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated.
Foreign-Currency Translation
Financial statements of international operations are translated into U.S.
dollars using end-of-period exchange rates for assets and liabilities and the
periods' weighted-average exchange rates for sales, expenses, gains, and losses.
Translation adjustments are recorded as a component of shareholders' equity.
Cash and Temporary Cash Investments
The company defines cash and temporary cash investments as checking
accounts, money-market accounts, certificates of deposit, and U.S. Treasury
notes having an original maturity of 90 days or less.
Accounts and Notes Receivable
Trade accounts receivable are classified as current assets and are reported
net of allowances for doubtful accounts. The company records such allowances
based on a number of factors, including historical trends and specific customer
liquidity.
On a recurring basis, the company sells an undivided interest in a pool of
trade receivables meeting certain criteria to a third party as an alternative to
debt financing. Amounts sold were $10 million and $44 million at December 31,
2002, and 2001, respectively. Such sales, which represent a form of off-
balance-sheet financing, are recorded as a reduction of accounts and notes
receivable in the statement of financial position, and changes in such amounts
are included in cash provided by operating activities in the statement of cash
flows. Discounts and fees related to these sales totaled $1 million, $5 million,
and $7 million in 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively, and were included in other
income/expense in the statement of income. In the event that either Pactiv or
the third-party purchaser of the trade receivables were to discontinue this
program, the company's debt would increase or its cash balance would decrease by
an amount corresponding to the level of sold receivables at such time.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. A portion of
inventories (56% at December 31, 2002, and 2001) is valued using the last-in,
first-out method of accounting. All other inventories are valued
28
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) or average-cost methods. If FIFO or
average-cost methods had been used to value all inventories, the total inventory
balance would have been $11 million lower at December 31, 2002, and $9 million
lower at December 31, 2001.
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net
Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful
lives of assets. Useful lives range from 10 to 40 years for buildings and
improvements and from 3 to 25 years for machinery and equipment. Depreciation
expense totaled $140 million, $145 million, and $150 million for the years ended
December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively.
The company capitalizes certain costs related to the purchase and
development of software used in its business. Such costs are amortized over the
estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from 3 to 12 years. Capitalized
software development costs, net of amortization, were $57 million and $64
million at December 31, 2002, and 2001, respectively.
The company periodically re-evaluates carrying values and estimated useful
lives of long-lived assets to determine if adjustments are warranted. The
company uses estimates of undiscounted cash flows from long-lived assets to
determine whether the book value of such assets is recoverable over the assets'
remaining useful lives.
In 2001, the company changed estimated useful lives for certain assets of
the Protective and Flexible Packaging business in North America and Europe to be
consistent with those used for similar assets in its other business segment.
This change did not have a material impact on the company's financial
statements.
Goodwill and Intangibles, Net
Effective January 1, 2002, the company adopted Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets."
SFAS No. 142 does not permit goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles to be
amortized, but requires that these assets be reviewed at least annually for
possible impairment. Capitalized intangible assets with definite lives are
amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from 5 to 26 years. See
Note 9 for further information regarding goodwill and intangible assets.
Environmental Liabilities
Expenditures for compliance with environmental regulations that relate to
ongoing operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures for
conditions that relate to operations that no longer contribute to the generation
of sales are expensed as incurred or as warranted by environmental assessments.
Liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments indicate that remedial
efforts are probable and that costs can be reasonably estimated. Estimated
liabilities are based on currently available facts, existing technology, and
requirements of current laws and regulations, taking into consideration the
likely effects of inflation and other factors. All available evidence is
considered, including prior remediation experience with contaminated sites,
other companies' clean-up experience, and data released by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency or other organizations. Estimated liabilities
are subject to revision in subsequent periods based on actual cost data or new
information. Liabilities reflected in the statement of financial position are
not discounted.
Sales Recognition
The company recognizes sales when the risks and rewards of ownership have
transferred to the customer, which is generally considered to have occurred as
products are shipped.
29
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Freight
The company records amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling
as sales, and records shipping and handling expenses as cost of sales.
General and Administrative Expenses
The company records net pension income as an offset to selling, general,
and administrative expenses. Such noncash income totaled $109 million, $113
million, and $108 million in 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively.
Research and Development
Research and development costs, which are expensed as incurred, totaled $35
million, $40 million, and $36 million in 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively.
Advertising
Advertising production costs are expensed as incurred, while advertising
media costs are expensed in the period in which the related advertising first
takes place. Advertising expenses were $17 million, $11 million, and $3 million
in 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
In accounting for stock-based employee compensation, the company uses the
intrinsic-value method specified in Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion
No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees." Shown below are net income
and basic and diluted earnings per share as reported and adjusted to reflect the
use of the fair-value method in determining stock-based compensation costs, as
prescribed in SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation."
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
(Dollars, in millions, except for earnings per-share) ------ ------ ------
Net income.................................................. $ 148 $ 193 $ 247
After-tax adjustment of stock-based compensation costs:
Intrinsic-value method.................................... 4 2 2
Fair-value method......................................... (13) (11) (12)
------ ------ ------
Pro forma................................................... $ 139 $ 184 $ 237
------ ------ ------
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic....................................................... $ 0.93 $ 1.21 $ 1.53
Adjustment of stock-based compensation costs:
Intrinsic-value method.................................... 0.02 0.01 0.01
Fair-value method......................................... (0.08) (0.07) (0.07)
------ ------ ------
Pro forma................................................... $ 0.87 $ 1.15 $ 1.47
------ ------ ------
Diluted..................................................... $ 0.92 $ 1.20 $ 1.53
Adjustment of stock-based compensation costs:
Intrinsic-value method.................................... 0.02 0.01 0.01
Fair-value method......................................... (0.08) (0.07) (0.07)
------ ------ ------
Pro forma................................................... $ 0.86 $ 1.14 $ 1.47
------ ------ ------
</Table>
Income Taxes
The company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for
income taxes, which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be
recorded to reflect the future tax consequences of temporary
30
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
timing differences between the tax and financial-statement basis of assets and
liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if
management determines that it is more likely than not that a portion of deferred
tax assets will not be realized in a future period. Estimates used to recognize
deferred tax assets are subject to revision in subsequent periods based on new
facts or circumstances.
The company does not provide for U.S. federal income taxes on unremitted
earnings of foreign subsidiaries in that it is management's present intention to
reinvest those earnings in foreign operations. Unremitted earnings of foreign
subsidiaries totaled $110 million and $105 million at December 31, 2002, and
December 31, 2001, respectively. The unrecognized deferred tax liability
associated with these unremitted earnings totaled approximately $24 million at
December 31, 2002.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common
shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted
earnings per share is calculated in the same manner; however, adjustments are
made to reflect the potential issuance of dilutive shares.
Risk Management
From time to time, the company uses derivative financial instruments,
principally foreign-currency purchase and sale contracts with terms less than 1
year, to hedge its exposure to changes in foreign-currency exchange rates. Net
gains or losses on such contracts are recognized in the income statement as
offsets to foreign-currency gains or losses on the underlying transactions. In
the statement of cash flows, cash receipts and payments related to hedge
contracts are classified in the same way as cash flows from the transactions
being hedged.
Interest-rate risk management is accomplished through the use of swaps to
create synthetic debt instruments. Gains and losses on the settlement of swaps
are amortized over the remaining life of the underlying asset or liability. The
company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.
Changes in Accounting Principles
In May 2000, the Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB's) Emerging
Issues Task Force (EITF) reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-14, "Accounting for
Certain Sales Incentives." This issue addresses the recognition, measurement,
and income-statement classification of various types of sales incentives,
including discounts, coupons, rebates, and free products. With the company's
fourth-quarter 2001 adoption of EITF No. 00-14, certain expenses that
historically (i.e., 2001 and prior years) had been included in selling, general,
and administrative costs were reclassified as deductions from sales for all
periods presented herein.
In April 2001, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue No. 00-25, "Accounting
for Consideration from a Vendor to a Retailer in Connection with the Purchase or
Promotion of the Vendor's Products." This consensus requires that consideration
provided by a vendor to a purchaser of its products be recognized as a reduction
of sales, except in those instances where an identifiable and measurable benefit
is or will be received by the vendor from the purchaser. With the company's
fourth-quarter 2001 adoption of EITF No. 00-25, certain expenses that
historically (i.e., 2001 and prior years) had been included in selling, general,
and administrative costs were reclassified as deductions from sales for all
periods presented herein.
In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations," and
SFAS No. 142. SFAS No. 141 requires that business combinations initiated after
June 30, 2001, be accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and
broadens the criteria for recording intangible assets separate from goodwill.
SFAS No. 142 does not permit goodwill and certain intangibles to be amortized,
but requires
31
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
that an impairment loss be recognized if recorded amounts exceed fair values.
Effective January 1, 2002, the company adopted SFAS No. 142, and recorded a
goodwill-impairment charge of $83 million, $72 after tax, or $0.45 per share, in
the first quarter of 2002. Adoption of SFAS No. 142 added $19 million, $14
million, and $0.09 to income before interest, income taxes, and minority
interest; net income from continuing operations; and earnings per share,
respectively, for 2002.
In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs
Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities." SFAS No. 146 requires companies to
recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when they are
incurred rather than at the time that a commitment to an exit or disposal plan
is made. Examples of costs covered by the statement include lease-termination
expenses and certain employee-severance costs that are associated with a
restructuring, discontinuing an operation, a plant closing, or other exit or
disposal activities. SFAS No. 146 is to be applied prospectively to exit or
disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002.
In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation (FIN) No. 45, "Guarantor's
Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Guarantees of
Indebtedness of Others." FIN No. 45 requires that certain guarantees be recorded
at fair value and requires guarantors to make significant new disclosures, even
if the likelihood of making payments under the guarantees is remote. The initial
recognition and measurement provisions of FIN No. 45 are to be applied on a
prospective basis for guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. The
disclosure requirements are effective for financial statements issued after
December 15, 2002.
In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation -- Transition and Disclosure." SFAS No. 148 delineates alternative
transition approaches for companies electing to change their method of
accounting for stock-based compensation costs to the fair-value method
prescribed in SFAS No. 123. While not requiring companies to use the fair-value
method of accounting for stock-based compensation, SFAS No. 148 does require
companies to provide greater disclosure, including tabular presentation of pro
forma net income and earnings per share as if the fair value method had been
used for all periods presented, regardless of whether companies use SFAS No.
123's fair-value method or APB Opinion No. 25's intrinsic-value method. SFAS No.
148's transition and disclosure requirements are effective for quarterly and
annual periods ending after December 15, 2002.
In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable
Interest Entities." FIN No. 46 addresses accounting for variable interest
entities (VIEs), defined as separate legal structures that either do not have
equity investors with voting rights or have equity investors with voting rights
that do not provide sufficient financial resources for the entities to support
their activities. FIN No. 46 requires that (1) a VIE be consolidated by a
company if that company is subject to a majority of the VIE's gains and losses,
and (2) disclosures be made regarding VIEs that a company is not required to
consolidate but in which it as a significant variable interest. Consolidation
requirements apply immediately to VIEs created after January 31, 2003, and in
the first fiscal year or interim period beginning after June 15, 2003, for
existing VIEs. Certain of the disclosure requirements apply to financial
statements issued after January 31, 2003, regardless of when the VIE was
created. Upon Pactiv's July 1, 2003, adoption of FIN No. 46, the company is
likely to consolidate the VIE associated with the properties covered by its
synthetic-lease facility, resulting in an increase in long-term debt and
property, plant, and equipment of $169 million and $152 million, respectively.
Consolidation of the VIE also would require the company to recognize, as a
cumulative effect of change in accounting principles, depreciation expense on
the leased assets from lease inception to June 30, 2003, which would negatively
impact net income by approximately $10 million, or $0.06 per share. On a
going-forward basis, consolidation of the VIE would reduce net income by
approximately $3 million, or $0.02 per share, annually. See Note 17 for
additional information on the company's synthetic-lease agreement.
32
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Estimates
Financial-statement presentation requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect reported amounts for assets, liabilities, sales, and
expenses. Actual results may differ from such estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform with
current-year presentation.
NOTE 3. RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER AND SPIN-OFF TRANSACTION
Restructuring and Other
In the fourth quarter of 1999, the company recorded a $154 million
restructuring charge, $91 million after tax, or $0.54 per share, related to the
decision to exit noncore businesses and to reduce overhead costs. The
restructuring covered (1) the sale of the company's forest-products and
aluminum-foil container businesses ($68 million), for which cash proceeds of $20
million were received in the fourth quarter of 1999; (2) the sale of certain
assets of the company's administrative service and corporate aircraft operations
($10 million); (3) the impairment of long-lived assets of the company's
packaging-polyethylene business ($68 million); and (4) severance costs
associated with the elimination of 161 positions, primarily in the company's
international operations ($8 million). The impairment charge for the assets of
the packaging-polyethylene business was deemed necessary following completion of
an evaluation of strategic alternatives for the business and represented the
difference between the carrying value of the assets and the forecasted future
cash flows of the business, computed on a discounted basis. In the fourth
quarter of 2000, $1 million of this charge was reversed, as one planned
product-line consolidation was not undertaken and, as a result, 14 positions
were not eliminated. With this exception, all restructuring actions were
completed in 2000.
In the fourth quarter of 2000, the company recorded a restructuring charge
of $71 million, $47 million after tax, or $0.29 per share. Of this amount, $45
million was for the impairment of assets held for sale, including those related
to the packaging-polyethylene business and the company's interest in Sentinel
Polyolefins LLC (Sentinel), a protective-packaging joint venture. In January
2001, the company received cash proceeds of $72 million from the disposition of
these assets. The remaining $26 million was related to the realignment of
operations and the exiting of low-margin businesses in the company's Protective
and Flexible Packaging segment. Specifically, this charge was for (1) plant
closures in North America and Europe, including the elimination of 202 positions
($6 million); (2) other workforce reductions (187 positions), mainly in Europe
($6 million); (3) impairment of European long-lived assets held for sale ($10
million); and (4) asset write-offs related to the elimination of certain
low-margin product lines ($4 million). The impairment charge for European assets
was recorded following completion of an evaluation of strategic alternatives for
the related businesses and represented the difference between the carrying value
of the assets and their fair value based on market estimates. Restructuring-plan
actions have been completed. Actual cash outlays for severance and other costs
were $3 million less than originally estimated, as 78 fewer positions were
eliminated, while charges for asset write-offs were $3 million more than
initially estimated. Additionally, the company recognized a benefit of $6
million, $4 million after tax, or $0.02 per share, in the fourth quarter of
2001, largely to reflect a lower loss than was originally recorded on the sale
of the company's packaging-polyethylene business.
In the fourth quarter of 2001, the company recorded a restructuring charge
of $18 million, $10 million after tax, or $0.06 per share. Of this amount, $5
million was related to higher-than-anticipated expenses associated with the exit
of small, noncore European businesses announced in the fourth quarter of 2000.
The remaining $13 million reflected adoption of a restructuring plan to
consolidate operations and reduce costs in both the Consumer and
Foodservice/Food Packaging ($5 million) and Protective and Flexible Packaging
($8 million) segments. Specifically, this charge was for (1) plant closures and
consolidations in North America and Europe, including the elimination of 283
positions ($10 million); (2) other workforce
33
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
reductions (99 positions -- $2 million); and (3) asset writedowns related to the
exit of a North American product line ($1 million).
In the second quarter of 2002, the company recognized a benefit of $4
million, $2 million after tax, or $0.02 per share, related to a previously
recorded restructuring charge, primarily as a result of incurring a
lower-than-anticipated loss on the sale of a noncore European business.
Amounts related to the restructuring activities are shown in the following
table.
<Table>
<Caption>
ASSET
SEVERANCE IMPAIRMENT OTHER TOTAL
(In millions) --------- ---------- ----- -----
Balance at December 31, 1999.............................. $ 8 $ -- $ 1 $ 9
2000 restructuring charge................................. 10 56 5 71
Cash payments............................................. (6) -- -- (6)
Charged to asset accounts................................. -- (56) -- (56)
Reversal of prior charge.................................. -- -- (1) (1)
--- ---- --- ----
Balance at December 31, 2000.............................. 12 -- 5 17
--- ---- --- ----
2001 restructuring charge................................. 6 11 1 18
Cash payments............................................. (7) -- (1) (8)
Charged to asset accounts................................. -- (11) -- (11)
Reversal of prior charge.................................. (3) (3) -- (6)
Changes in estimates...................................... (2) 3 (1) --
--- ---- --- ----
Balance at December 31, 2001.............................. $ 6 $ -- $ 4 $ 10
--- ---- --- ----
Cash payments............................................. (6) -- (2) (8)
--- ---- --- ----
Balance at December 31, 2002.............................. $-- $ -- $ 2 $ 2
--- ---- --- ----
</Table>
Spin-off Transaction Costs
In the fourth quarter of 1999, the company recorded transaction costs
related to its spin-off from Tenneco Inc. (Tenneco) in 1999 that reduced income
before interest expense, income taxes, and minority interest; net income; and
earnings per share by $136 million, $96 million, and $0.57, respectively. These
costs pertained to special curtailment and termination benefits for former
Tenneco employees ($72 million), professional services ($49 million), and
separation from Tenneco operations ($15 million). In the fourth quarter of 2000
and 2001, the company reversed $20 million, $12 million after tax, or $0.08 per
share, and $12 million, $7 million after tax, or $0.04 per share, respectively,
of the previously recorded spin-off transaction costs to reflect
lower-than-anticipated expenses. Actions related to the spin-off transaction
have been completed.
NOTE 4. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
In December 1999, the company entered into an agreement to sell its
aluminum-foil reroll facility in Clayton, New Jersey, and its aluminum
packer-processor facility in Shelbyville, Kentucky, for $44 million. The company
recorded a related gain of $6 million, $4 million after tax, or $0.02 per share,
during 2000, and used the proceeds from the transaction to repay debt.
The company recorded a fourth-quarter 2000 charge of $45 million, $29
million after tax, or $0.18 per share, to recognize the impairment of assets
held for sale, including those related to the packaging-polyethylene business
and the company's interest in Sentinel. In January 2001, the company received
cash proceeds of $72 million from the disposition of these assets. In the third
quarter of 2001, the company refunded $7 million to the purchaser of the
packaging-polyethylene business to reflect the final determination of certain
asset and liability amounts. Also, as part of the company's 2000 restructuring
plan, certain small, noncore European businesses were disposed of in 2001 and
2002, for which cash
34
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
proceeds totaling $6 million and $5 million were received in December 2001 and
May 2002, respectively. See Note 3 for additional information.
On January 4, 2002, the company purchased MSP Schmeiser GmbH, a German
medical-products company, for $3 million. On February 13, 2002, the company
acquired an egg-packaging production line from Amerpack S.A. de C.V., a Mexican
company, for $10 million.
In January 2002, the company purchased the assets of 2 small Italian
protective-packaging companies, recording these transactions as capital
expenditures. The outstanding shares of a third small Italian
protective-packaging company, Forniture Industriali, were acquired in June 2002,
for $1 million.
On June 18, 2002, the company purchased Winkler Forming Inc. (Winkler), a
leading thermoformer of amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (APET) products for
food packaging, for $78 million. During the third quarter of 2002, the company
received $3 million from the seller in interim settlement of working capital
amounts. At December 31, 2002, the allocation of the purchase price to the net
assets of Winkler and the related recognition of $55 million of goodwill were
based on preliminary estimates of the fair-market value of the assets and
liabilities acquired, and, therefore, are subject to revision based on final
appraisals.
On October 21, 2002, Pactiv completed the purchase of 70% of the stock of
Mexico-based Central de Bolsas, S.A. de C.V. (Jaguar), a leading thermoformer of
high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) for cold cups and plates and polystyrene foam for
foodservice/food packaging. For this 70% interest, Pactiv paid $31 million to
the shareholders of Jaguar and made a $20 million equity investment in Jaguar.
At December 31, 2002, the allocation of the purchase price to the net assets of
Jaguar and the related recognition of $7 million of goodwill were based on
preliminary estimates of the fair market value of the assets and liabilities
acquired, and, therefore, are subject to revision based on final appraisals.
On November 13, 2002, Pactiv purchased the shares of Prvni Obalova SPOL
S.R.O, a distributor and converter of protective-packaging products in the Czech
Republic, for $4 million.
The following unaudited pro forma information summarizes the results of
operations for the 12 months ended December 31, 2002, and 2001, as if fiscal
2002 acquisitions had been completed as of the beginning of the respective
periods. The pro forma data presented reflect actual operating results of the
acquired businesses, with adjustments recorded for depreciation, interest
expense, and income taxes. Excluded from the pro forma data is the potential
impact of cost reductions or operating synergies. These pro forma amounts are
not necessarily indicative of the results that would have actually been achieved
had the acquisitions occurred at the beginning of the periods presented, or that
may be achieved in the future.
<Table>
<Caption>
PRO FORMA
------------------
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT EARNINGS PER SHARE) 2002 2001
------ ------
Sales......................................................... $2,971 $2,963
Income from continuing operations............................. 220 168
Net income.................................................... 148 196
Earnings per share
Continuing operations....................................... 1.37 1.05
Net......................................................... 0.92 1.22
</Table>
NOTE 5. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In April 1999, the company contributed the containerboard assets of its
paperboard packaging operations to a newly formed joint venture, Packaging
Corporation of America (PCA). For the contribution, Pactiv, along with other
consideration, received a 45% equity interest in PCA.
In February 2000, the company sold 85% of its equity interest in PCA and
used the net proceeds of $398 million primarily to repay debt. The company
recorded a related gain of $224 million, $134 million
35
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
after tax, or $0.80 per share. In the first half of 2001, the company sold its
remaining interest in PCA for $87 million, which was used primarily to repay
debt, and recorded an associated gain of $57 million, $28 million after tax, or
$0.17 per share.
The company provides office space and certain administrative services to
PCA under a transition-service agreement.
Net assets as of December 31, 2001, and 2000, and results of operations for
the years then ended for the company's discontinued paperboard packaging
operations were as follows:
<Table>
<Caption>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2001 2000
---- ----
Net assets.................................................. $-- $ 72
Gain on sale of PCA stock................................... 57 224
--- ----
Income before interest and income taxes..................... 57 224
Income tax expense.......................................... 29 90
--- ----
Income from discontinued operations......................... $28 $134
--- ----
</Table>
Pactiv has retained responsibility for certain contingent liabilities of
its former paperboard-packaging businesses and has recorded related reserves
where, in the judgment of management, it is probable that a quantifiable
liability exists. Management believes that these liabilities will not have a
material effect on the results of operations or financial position of the
company.
In connection with the formation of the PCA joint venture, Pactiv entered
into a 5-year agreement to purchase corrugated products from PCA on an arm's
length basis.
NOTE 6. LONG-TERM DEBT, SHORT-TERM DEBT, AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Long-Term Debt
<Table>
<Caption>
DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2002 2001
------ ------
Pactiv Corporation
Borrowings under 5-year, $750 million revolving-credit
agreement, effective interest rate based on LIBOR plus
0.7%................................................... $ 36 $ 36
Notes due 2005, effective interest rate of 7.2%, net of $3
million unamortized discount........................... 296 295
Notes due 2007, effective interest rate of 8.0%........... 98 98
Debentures due 2017, effective interest rate of 8.1%...... 300 300
Debentures due 2025, effective interest rate of 8.0%, net
of $1 million unamortized discount..................... 275 275
Debentures due 2027, effective interest rate of 8.4%, net
of $4 million unamortized discount..................... 196 196
Subsidiaries
Notes due 2003 through 2016, average effective interest
rate of 4.0% in 2002 and 9.0% in 2001.................. 31 14
Less current maturities..................................... (8) (3)
------ ------
Total long-term debt........................................ $1,224 $1,211
------ ------
</Table>
Aggregate maturities of debt outstanding at December 31, 2002, are $8
million, $43 million, $307 million, $7 million, $99 million, and $776 million
for 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and thereafter, respectively.
36
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
At December 31, 2002, the total amount of floating-rate, long-term debt was
$36 million. As of December 31, 2002, the company was in full compliance with
financial and other covenants in its various credit agreements.
Short-Term Debt
<Table>
<Caption>
DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2002 2001
---- ----
Current maturities of long-term debt........................ $ 8 $3
Other....................................................... 5 4
--- --
Total short-term debt....................................... $13 $7
--- --
</Table>
The company uses lines of credit and overnight borrowings to finance
certain of its short-term capital requirements. Information regarding short-term
debt is shown below.
<Table>
<Caption>
2002(A) 2001(A)
(Dollars in millions) ------- -------
Borrowings at end of year................................... $ 5 $ 4
Weighted-average interest rate on borrowings at end of
year...................................................... 10.0% 10.8%
Maximum month-end borrowings during year.................... 7 27
Average month-end borrowings during year.................... 3 11
Weighted-average interest rate on average month-end
borrowings during year.................................... 8.1% 8.1%
</Table>
(a) Includes borrowings under committed credit facilities and uncommitted lines
of credit.
Financing Arrangements
<Table>
<Caption>
COMMITTED CREDIT FACILITIES(A)
-----------------------------------------
TERM COMMITMENTS UTILIZED AVAILABLE
(Dollars in millions) ---- ----------- -------- ---------
Credit agreements
5-year revolving-credit agreement.................... 2004 $750 $36 $714
</Table>
(a) Agreements call for the payment of utilization fees on borrowings and
facility fees on commitments.
In conjunction with the 1999 realignment of Tenneco debt, the company paid
bank-facility fees of $10 million and entered into an interest-rate swap to
hedge its exposure to interest-rate movement. The company settled this swap in
November 1999 at a loss of $43 million. Both the loss on the swap and the
bank-facility fees are being recognized as additional interest expense over the
average life of the underlying debt.
NOTE 7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Asset and Liability Instruments
At December 31, 2002, and 2001, the fair value of cash and temporary cash
investments, short- and long-term receivables, accounts payable, and short-term
debt were considered to be the same as, or not materially different from,
amounts recorded for these assets and liabilities. The fair value of long-term
debt at December 31, 2002, was approximately $1,427 million, compared with its
recorded amount of $1,224 million. At December 31, 2001, the fair value of
long-term debt was not materially different from its recorded amount. The fair
value of long-term debt was based on quoted market prices for the company's debt
instruments.
Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk
From time to time, Pactiv enters into foreign-currency forward contracts
with terms of less than 1 year to mitigate its exposure to exchange-rate changes
related to third-party trade receivables and
37
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
accounts payable. The following table summarizes foreign-currency contracts
entered into by the company at December 31, 2002.
<Table>
<Caption>
NOTIONAL AMOUNT
------------------
PURCHASE SELL
(In millions) -------- ----
Foreign-currency contracts
Euros..................................................... $50 $ 3
British pounds............................................ 3 49
--- ---
$53 $52
--- ---
</Table>
Based on exchange rates at December 31, 2002, the cost of replacing these
contracts in the event of nonperformance by counter parties would not be
material.
In the first quarter of 2001, the company entered into interest-rate swap
agreements to convert floating-rate debt on its synthetic-lease obligations to
fixed-rate debt. This action was taken to reduce the company's exposure to
interest-rate risk. As of December 31, 2001, $5 million of deferred net losses
on derivative instruments was recorded in other comprehensive income.
During the first quarter of 2002, the company exited these swap agreements,
and related accumulated deferred net losses of $2 million at December 31, 2002,
will be expensed over the remaining life of the underlying obligations.
Lines of Credit and Guarantees
The company, from time to time, utilizes various short-term lines of credit
to finance operations. Total committed lines of credit were $36 million and $31
million at December 31, 2002, and December 31, 2001, respectively. Certain lines
of credit are backed by payment and performance guarantees. Borrowings under
lines of credit were not material at December 31, 2002, or December 31, 2001.
NOTE 8. INVENTORIES
<Table>
<Caption>
DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2002 2001
---- ----
Finished goods.............................................. $244 $209
Work in process............................................. 47 43
Raw materials............................................... 42 50
Other materials and supplies................................ 35 30
---- ----
$368 $332
---- ----
</Table>
NOTE 9. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Effective January 1, 2002, the company adopted SFAS No. 142. In this
connection, the company completed a review of its businesses and tested recorded
goodwill amounts for possible impairment. Goodwill was found to be impaired for
certain Protective and Flexible Packaging businesses that were acquired prior to
the company's spin-off from Tenneco. These businesses have recently faced
increased competition and experienced lower operating margins. As a result, the
company recorded a goodwill-impairment charge of $83 million, $72 million after
tax, or $0.45 per share, in the first quarter of 2002.
In accordance with requirements of SFAS No. 142, the company discontinued
the amortization of goodwill effective January 1, 2002. Shown below is a
comparison of income from continuing operations,
38
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
net income, and earnings per share (EPS) for 2002 with corresponding amounts
recorded in 2001 and 2000 adjusted to exclude the amortization of goodwill.
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
(In millions, except per-share data) ------------ -------------- -----
Income from continuing operations.......................... $ 220 165 $ 113
Goodwill amortization, net of tax.......................... -- 14 14
------ ----- -----
Adjusted income from continuing operations................. 220 179 127
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax............ -- 28 134
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles, net
of tax................................................... (72) -- --
------ ----- -----
Pro forma net income....................................... $ 148 207 $ 261
------ ----- -----
Basic EPS
Continuing operations...................................... $ 1.38 1.04 $0.70
Goodwill amortization...................................... -- 0.09 0.08
------ ----- -----
Adjusted continuing operations............................. 1.38 1.13 0.78
Discontinued operations.................................... -- 0.17 0.83
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles....... (0.45) -- --
------ ----- -----
Pro forma EPS.............................................. $ 0.93 1.30 $1.61
------ ----- -----
Diluted EPS
Continuing operations...................................... $ 1.37 $1.03 $0.70
Goodwill amortization...................................... -- 0.09 0.08
------ ----- -----
Adjusted continuing operations............................. 1.37 1.12 0.78
Discontinued operations.................................... -- 0.17 0.83
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles....... (0.45) -- --
------ ----- -----
Pro forma EPS.............................................. $ 0.92 $1.29 $1.61
------ ----- -----
</Table>
Changes in the carrying value of goodwill during 2002 by operating segment
are shown in the following table.
<Table>
<Caption>
CONSUMER
FOODSERVICE/ PROTECTIVE AND
FOOD FLEXIBLE
PACKAGING PACKAGING TOTAL
(In millions) ------------ -------------- -----
Balance, December 31, 2001................................. $376 $239 $615
Goodwill impairment........................................ -- (83) (83)
Goodwill addition.......................................... 62 9 71
Translation adjustment..................................... -- 9 9
---- ---- ----
Balance, December 31, 2002................................. $438 $174 $612
---- ---- ----
</Table>
Intangible assets at December 31, 2002, are shown in the following table.
<Table>
<Caption>
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE LIFE CARRYING ACCUMULATED
(YEARS) AMOUNT AMORTIZATION TOTAL
(Dollars in millions) ------------ ------------- -------------- -----
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Patents...................................... 21.6 $186 $60 $126
Other........................................ 13.4 58 19 39
------------- -------------- -----
244 79 165
Intangible assets not subject to amortization
(primarily trademarks)....................... 129 -- 129
------------- -------------- -----
Total intangible assets........................ $373 $79 $294
------------- -------------- -----
</Table>
39
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $18 million for the year
ended December 31, 2002. Amortization expense is estimated to total $12 million,
$12 million, $12 million, $11 million, and $11 million for 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006, and 2007, respectively.
NOTE 10. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT, NET
<Table>
<Caption>
DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2002 2001
------- ------
Original cost
Land, buildings, and improvements......................... $ 573 $ 475
Machinery and equipment................................... 1,673 1,311
Other, including construction in progress................. 225 159
------- ------
2,471 1,945
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization.............. (1,105) (672)
------- ------
$ 1,366 $1,273
------- ------
</Table>
NOTE 11. INCOME TAXES
The domestic and foreign components of income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes were as follows:
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
(In millions) ---- ---- ----
U.S. income before income taxes............................. $325 $276 $215
Foreign income (loss) before income taxes................... 42 8 (8)
---- ---- ----
Total income before income taxes............................ $367 $284 $207
---- ---- ----
</Table>
Following is a comparative analysis of the components of income tax expense
applicable to continuing operations.
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
(In millions) ---- ---- ----
Current
Federal................................................... $ 25 $ 2 $10
State and local........................................... 10 5 2
Foreign................................................... 9 (1) 7
---- ---- ---
44 6 19
---- ---- ---
Deferred
Federal................................................... 88 98 69
State and local........................................... 6 9 10
Foreign................................................... 8 5 (7)
---- ---- ---
102 112 72
---- ---- ---
Total income tax expense.................................... $146 $118 $91
---- ---- ---
</Table>
40
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
A reconciliation of the difference between the U.S. statutory federal
income tax rate and the company's effective income tax rate is shown in the
following table.
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
---- ---- ----
U.S. federal income tax rate................................ 35.0% 35.0% 35.0%
Increase in income tax rate resulting from:
Foreign income taxed at various rates..................... 0.5 0.4 0.5
State and local taxes on income, net of U.S. federal
income tax benefit..................................... 2.9 3.1 3.4
Amortization of nondeductible goodwill.................... -- 1.1 3.4
Other..................................................... 1.6 1.9 1.7
---- ---- ----
Effective income tax rate................................... 40.0% 41.5% 44.0%
---- ---- ----
</Table>
Summarized below are the components of the company's net deferred tax
liability.
<Table>
<Caption>
DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2002 2001
---- ----
Deferred tax assets
Tax-loss carryforwards
U.S. .................................................. $ -- $ 2
State and local........................................ 1 1
Foreign................................................ 13 17
Alternative minimum tax-credit carryforward............... -- 26
Pensions.................................................. 130 --
Postretirement benefits................................... 28 51
Restructuring reserves.................................... 1 17
Other items............................................... 57 55
Valuation allowance....................................... (12) (13)
---- ----
Total deferred tax assets................................. 218 156
---- ----
Deferred tax liabilities
Property and equipment.................................... 250 229
Pensions.................................................. -- 390
Other items............................................... 85 74
---- ----
Total deferred tax liabilities............................ 335 693
---- ----
Net deferred tax liabilities................................ $117 $537
---- ----
</Table>
The company had $43 million of foreign tax-loss carryforwards at December
31, 2002, of which $27 million will expire at various dates from 2003 to 2012,
with the remainder having unlimited lives. At December 31, 2002, the company had
$15 million of state tax-loss carryforwards, which will expire at various dates
from 2003 to 2012.
The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets ($12 million at December
31, 2002) was recorded to recognize the potential inability to utilize certain
foreign tax-loss carryforwards.
NOTE 12. COMMON STOCK
The company has 350 million shares of common stock ($0.01 par value)
authorized, of which 158,681,918 shares were issued and outstanding as of
December 31, 2002.
41
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Reserves
<Table>
<Caption>
RESERVED SHARES (In thousands)
Thrift plans................................................ 2,468
2002 incentive-compensation plan............................ 26,911
Employee stock-purchase plan................................ 2,779
------
32,158
------
</Table>
Stock Plans
2002 Incentive-Compensation Plan -- In November 1999, the company initiated
a stock-ownership plan that permits the granting of a variety of awards,
including common stock, restricted stock, performance shares, stock appreciation
rights, and stock options to directors, officers, and employees. In May 2002,
the 1999 plan was succeeded by the 2002 incentive compensation plan, and all
share balances were transferred to the new plan, which will remain in effect
until amended or terminated. Under the 2002 plan, up to 27 million shares of
common stock can be issued (including shares issued under the prior plan), of
which 15 million had been issued or granted as of December 31, 2002.
Restricted-stock, performance-share, and stock-option awards generally
require that, among other things, grantees remain with the company for certain
periods of time. Performance shares granted under the plan vest upon the
attainment of specified performance goals in the 3 years following the date of
grant.
Details of performance-and restricted-stock balances are shown below.
<Table>
<Caption>
PERFORMANCE RESTRICTED
SHARES SHARES
----------- ----------
Outstanding, January 1, 2001................................ 144,000 30,238
Granted................................................... 394,557 --
Canceled.................................................. (10,665) --
------- -------
Outstanding, December 31, 2001.............................. 527,892 30,238
Granted................................................... 100,433 2,500
Canceled.................................................. (11,733) --
Vested.................................................... -- (32,738)
------- -------
Outstanding, December 31, 2002.............................. 616,592 --
------- -------
</Table>
42
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Summarized below are stock options issued by Pactiv.
<Table>
<Caption>
WEIGHTED-
SHARES AVERAGE
UNDER EXERCISE
OPTION PRICE
---------- ---------
Outstanding, January 1, 2001................................ 12,392,842 $24.34
Granted................................................... 2,509,382 16.23
Exercised................................................. (33,283) 12.59
Canceled.................................................. (1,440,436) 29.64
----------
Outstanding, December 31, 2001.............................. 13,428,505 22.29
----------
Exercisable, December 31, 2001.............................. 5,607,768 32.00
----------
Outstanding, January 1, 2002................................ 13,428,505 22.29
Granted................................................... 2,288,917 17.65
Exercised................................................. (420,064) 12.79
Canceled.................................................. (1,109,985) 30.41
----------
Outstanding, December 31, 2002.............................. 14,187,373 21.19
----------
Exercisable, December 31, 2002.............................. 9,324,775 23.23
----------
</Table>
Stock options expire 10 to 20 years following date of grant and vest over
periods ranging from 1 to 3 years.
The weighted-average fair value of options granted by the company in 2002
($6.17), 2001 ($6.15), and 2000 ($4.57) was determined using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
--------- --------- ---------
ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTIONS
Risk-free interest rate..................................... 3.0% 4.3% 5.9%
Life........................................................ 4.4 years 4.4 years 5.0 years
Volatility.................................................. 38.7% 41.1% 36.6%
</Table>
Summarized below is information about stock options outstanding at December
31, 2002.
<Table>
<Caption>
OUTSTANDING OPTIONS
------------------------------------------------
WEIGHTED- EXERCISABLE OPTIONS
AVERAGE ----------------------------
REMAINING WEIGHTED-AVERAGE WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
NUMBER CONTRACTUAL LIFE EXERCISE PRICE NUMBER EXERCISE PRICE
RANGE OF EXERCISE PRICE ---------- ---------------- ---------------- --------- ----------------
$ 7 to $12.............. 2,051,452 7.8 years $11.65 1,322,728 $11.64
$13 to $21.............. 8,069,729 8.2 15.47 4,270,073 14.00
$22 to $29.............. 15,000 9.4 22.79 -- 22.79
$30 to $37.............. 1,824,885 11.2 34.22 1,505,667 34.22
$38 to $45.............. 2,226,307 8.0 40.00 2,226,307 40.00
---------- ---------
14,187,373 9,324,775
---------- ---------
</Table>
See Note 2 for additional information regarding accounting for stock-based
employee compensation.
Employee Stock-Purchase Plan -- The company has a stock-purchase plan that
allows U.S. and Canadian employees to purchase Pactiv common stock at a 15%
discount, subject to an annual limitation of $21,240. In 2002, 2001, and 2000,
employees purchased 401,469 shares, 448,910 shares, and 463,412 shares,
respectively, of Pactiv stock at a weighted-average price of $14.68, $10.46, and
$7.25, respectively.
Grantor Trust -- In November 1999, the company established a grantor trust
and reserved 3,200,000 shares of Pactiv common stock for the trust. These shares
were issued to the trust in January 2000. This
43
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
so-called "rabbi trust" is designed to assure the payment of
deferred-compensation and supplemental-pension benefits. These shares are not
considered to be outstanding for purposes of financial reporting.
Qualified Offer Rights Plan
In November 1999, Pactiv adopted a qualified offer rights plan (QORP) to
deter coercive takeover tactics and to prevent a potential acquirer from gaining
control of the company in a transaction that would not be in the best interests
of shareholders. Under the plan, if a person becomes the beneficial owner of 20%
or more of the company's outstanding common stock, other than pursuant to a
qualified offer, each right will entitle its holder to purchase common stock
having a market value of twice the right's exercise price, but rights held by
the 20%-or-more holder would not be exercisable.
Rights are not exercisable in connection with a qualified offer, which is
defined as an all-cash tender offer for all outstanding shares of common stock
that is fully financed, remains open for a period of at least 60 business days,
results in the offeror owning at least 85% of the common stock after
consummation of the offer, assures a prompt second-step acquisition of shares
not purchased in the initial offer at the same price as the initial offer, and
meets certain other requirements.
In connection with the adoption of the QORP, the board of directors also
adopted an evaluation mechanism that calls for an independent board committee to
review, on an ongoing basis, the QORP and developments in rights plans in
general and, if it deems appropriate, to recommend modification or termination
of the plan. The independent committee is required to report to the board at
least every 3 years as to whether the QORP continues to be in the best interest
of shareholders.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings from continuing operations per share of common stock outstanding
were computed as follows:
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
(In millions, except share and per-share data) ----------- ----------- -----------
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE
Income from continuing operations..................... $ 220 $ 165 $ 113
----------- ----------- -----------
Average number of shares of common stock
outstanding......................................... 158,618,274 158,833,296 161,722,021
----------- ----------- -----------
Basic earnings from continuing operations per share... $ 1.38 $ 1.04 $ 0.70
----------- ----------- -----------
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE
Income from continuing operations..................... $ 220 $ 165 $ 113
----------- ----------- -----------
Average number of shares of common stock
outstanding......................................... 158,618,274 158,833,296 161,722,021
Effect of dilutive securities
Restricted stock.................................... -- 18,097 --
Stock options....................................... 1,579,885 498,634 1,406
Performance shares.................................. 414,916 177,143 55,313
----------- ----------- -----------
Average number of shares of common stock outstanding
including dilutive securities....................... 160,613,075 159,527,170 161,778,740
----------- ----------- -----------
Diluted earnings from continuing operations per
share............................................... $ 1.37 $ 1.03 $ 0.70
----------- ----------- -----------
</Table>
In accordance with a stock-repurchase plan announced in February 2000, the
company acquired 11,742,951 shares of its common stock in 2000 at an average
price of $8.50 per share, for a total outlay of $100 million. In 2002, the
company acquired 2,119,009 shares of its common stock at an average price of
$19.20 per share, for a total outlay of $40 million.
44
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
NOTE 13. PREFERRED STOCK
Pactiv has 50 million shares of preferred stock ($0.01 par value)
authorized, none of which were issued at December 31, 2002. The company has
reserved 750,000 shares of preferred stock in connection with the QORP.
NOTE 14. MINORITY INTEREST
In December 2001, the company purchased for $15 million the outstanding
shares of Astro-Valcour, Inc., whose sole asset was the preferred stock of a
Pactiv subsidiary that was issued to it in 1997 in connection with the company's
acquisition of the packaging business of N.V. Koninklijke KNP BT. This amount
had previously been recorded as minority interest in the company's statement of
financial position. In October 2002, the company acquired a 70% interest in
Jaguar and recorded a related minority interest of $13 million.
NOTE 15. PENSION PLANS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
The company has pension plans that cover substantially all of its
employees. Benefits are based on years of service and, for most salaried
employees, final-average compensation. The company's funding policy is to
contribute to the plans amounts necessary to satisfy requirements of applicable
laws and regulations. Plan assets consist principally of equity and fixed-income
securities and included 4,113,548 shares of Pactiv stock with a fair-market
value of $90 million at December 31, 2002. These shares were contributed by
Tenneco prior to the spin-off. Effective with the spin-off, Pactiv became the
sponsor of Tenneco's retirement plans, receiving related assets and assuming the
obligation to provide pension benefits to participating employees of Tenneco
Automotive Inc. and certain former subsidiaries and affiliates of Tenneco. For
Tenneco Automotive Inc. employees, benefits accrued under these plans were
frozen as of November 30, 1999.
The company has postretirement health-care and life-insurance plans that
cover certain of its salaried and hourly employees. For salaried employees, the
plans cover individuals who retire on or after reaching age 55 with at least 10
years of service after reaching age 45. For hourly employees,
postretirement-benefit plans cover individuals who retire in accordance with the
various provisions of such plans. Benefits may be subject to deductibles,
copayments, and other limitations. The company reserves the right to change
postretirement plans, which are not funded.
45
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Financial data pertaining to the company's pension and postretirement
benefit plans appear below.
<Table>
<Caption>
PENSION POSTRETIREMENT
PLANS PLANS
(In millions) ---------------- ---------------
2002 2001 2002 2001
------ ------ ------ -----
Changes in projected benefit obligations
Benefit obligations at September 30 of the previous
year................................................. $3,390 $3,195 $ 96 $ 77
Currency-rate conversion................................ 7 (2) -- --
Service cost of benefits earned......................... 35 30 1 1
Interest cost on benefit obligations.................... 237 231 7 10
Plan amendments......................................... -- 6 (10) 11
Actuarial losses........................................ 216 166 18 8
Benefits paid........................................... (239) (236) (12) (12)
Participant contributions............................... -- -- 2 1
Divestitures............................................ (2) -- -- --
------ ------ ----- ----
Benefit obligations at September 30..................... $3,644 $3,390 $ 102 $ 96
------ ------ ----- ----
Changes in fair value of plan assets
Fair value at September 30 of the previous year......... $3,561 $4,508 $ -- $ --
Currency rate conversion................................ 5 (2) -- --
Actual return on plan assets............................ (269) (709) -- --
Employer contributions.................................. (1) (1) 10 11
Participant contributions............................... 1 1 2 1
Benefits paid........................................... (239) (236) (12) (12)
Divestitures............................................ (1) -- -- --
------ ------ ----- ----
Fair value at September 30.............................. $3,057 $3,561 $ -- $ --
------ ------ ----- ----
Development of amounts recognized in the statement of
financial position
Funded status at September 30........................... $ (587) $ 171 $(102) $(96)
Contributions during the fourth quarter................. 1 (8) 3 3
Unrecognized cost
Actuarial losses..................................... 1,722 851 45 30
Prior-service costs.................................. 20 28 (2) 9
Transition asset..................................... -- (1) -- --
------ ------ ----- ----
Net amount recognized at December 31.................... $1,156 $1,041 $ (56) $(54)
------ ------ ----- ----
Amounts recognized in the statement of financial position
Prepaid benefit cost.................................... $ 170 $1,070 $ -- $ --
Accrued benefit cost.................................... (542) (36) (56) (54)
Intangible assets....................................... 18 1 -- --
Accumulated other comprehensive income.................. 1,510 6 -- --
------ ------ ----- ----
Net amount recognized at December 31.................... $1,156 $1,041 $ (56) $(54)
------ ------ ----- ----
</Table>
The impact of pension plans on income from continuing operations was as
follows:
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
(In millions) ----- ----- -----
Service cost of benefits earned............................. $ (35) $ (30) $ (30)
Interest cost on benefit obligations........................ (237) (231) (224)
Expected return on plan assets.............................. 385 373 349
Prior-service cost.......................................... (5) (5) (6)
SFAS No. 87 transition gain................................. 1 6 19
----- ----- -----
Total pension-plan income................................... $ 109 $ 113 $ 108
----- ----- -----
</Table>
46
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Actuarial assumptions used for the pension plans are shown below.
<Table>
<Caption>
SEPTEMBER 30 2002 2001 2000
---- ---- ----
Actuarial assumptions
Discount rate............................................. 6.75% 7.25% 7.5%
Compensation increases.................................... 4.9 4.9 4.9
Return on assets.......................................... 9.0 9.5 9.5
</Table>
For pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan
assets, the projected benefit obligations, accumulated benefit obligations, and
fair value of plan assets were $3,326 million, $3,252 million, and $2,711
million, respectively, at September 30, 2002, and $84 million, $74 million, and
$39 million, respectively, at September 30, 2001.
The impact of postretirement-benefit plans on continuing operations was as
follows:
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
(In millions) ---- ---- ----
Service cost of benefits earned............................. $ 1 $ 1 $ 1
Interest cost on benefit obligations........................ 6 6 5
Prior-service cost.......................................... 2 -- --
Loss........................................................ 2 5 1
--- --- ---
Total postretirement-benefit plan costs..................... $11 $12 $ 7
--- --- ---
</Table>
Actuarial assumptions used to determine postretirement-benefit obligations
follow.
<Table>
<Caption>
2002 2001 2000
---- ---- ----
Actuarial assumptions
Health-care cost inflation trend(a)....................... 12.0% 10.0% 5.0%
Discount rate............................................. 6.75 7.25 7.5
</Table>
- ---------------
(a) Assumed to decline to 5% over 5 years.
Increasing the assumed health-care cost inflation rate 1% each year would
increase 2002, 2001, and 2000 postretirement-benefit obligations by
approximately $2 million each year; however, the aggregate of service and
interest costs would not change for 2002, 2001, or 2000.
Decreasing the assumed health-care cost inflation rate 1% each year would
decrease 2002, 2001, and 2000 postretirement-benefit obligations by
approximately $2 million each year, but would not change the aggregate of
service and interest costs for 2002, 2001, or 2000.
In accordance with current Employee Retirement Income Security Act
regulations, the company funded $9 million of its postretirement-benefit
obligations with excess pension-plan assets in 2001.
NOTE 16. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC-AREA INFORMATION
The company has three operating segments: Consumer and Foodservice/Food
Packaging, which relates to the manufacture and sale of disposable plastic,
molded-fibre, pressed-paperboard, and aluminum packaging products for the
consumer, foodservice, and food-packaging markets; Protective and Flexible
Packaging, which relates to the manufacture and sale of plastic, paperboard, and
molded-fibre products for protective-packaging markets such as electronics,
automotive, furniture, and e-commerce, and for flexible-packaging applications
in food, medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, and hygienic markets; and Other,
which relates to corporate and administrative service operations and
retiree-benefit income and expense.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in
Note 2. Products are transferred between segments and among geographic areas at,
as nearly as possible, market value. In 2002, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. accounted
for 10.0% of the company's sales. In general, the company's backlog of orders is
not material.
47
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth certain segment information.
<Table>
<Caption>
SEGMENT
----------------------------------------------------------------------
CONSUMER AND
FOODSERVICE/ PROTECTIVE AND RECLASSIFICATIONS
FOOD FLEXIBLE AND
PACKAGING PACKAGING OTHER ELIMINATIONS TOTAL
(In millions) ------------ -------------- ------ ----------------- ------
AT DECEMBER 31, 2002, AND FOR THE
YEAR THEN ENDED
Sales to external customers......... $2,062 $818 $ -- $ -- $2,880
Depreciation and amortization....... 122 30 6 -- 158
Income before interest, income taxes
and minority interest............. 346(a) 62(b) 55(c) -- 463
Cumulative effect of change in
accounting principles............. -- (72) -- -- (72)
Total assets........................ 2,057 713 642(d) -- 3,412
Investment in affiliated
companies......................... 1 3 -- -- 4
Capital expenditures................ 84 39 3 -- 126
Noncash items other than
depreciation and amortization..... -- (4) (109)(e) -- (113)
AT DECEMBER 31, 2001, AND FOR THE
YEAR THEN ENDED
Sales to external customers......... $1,997 $815 $ -- $ -- $2,812
Depreciation and amortization....... 129 38 10 -- 177
Income before interest, income
taxes, and minority interest...... 288(a) 29(b) 74(c) -- 391
Income from discontinued
operations........................ -- -- 28 -- 28
Total assets........................ 2,005 729 1,451(d) (125) 4,060
Investment in affiliated
companies......................... 1 1 -- -- 2
Capital expenditures................ 112 27 6 -- 145
Noncash items other than
depreciation and amortization..... (7) 14 (106)(e) -- (99)
AT DECEMBER 31, 2000, AND FOR THE
YEAR THEN ENDED
Sales to external customers......... $2,201 $851 $ -- $ -- $3,052
Depreciation and amortization....... 131 43 11 -- 185
Income before interest, income
taxes, and minority interest...... 254(a) 5(b) 82(c) -- 341
Income from discontinued
operations........................ -- -- 134 -- 134
Total assets........................ 1,989 827 1,496(d) (89) 4,223
Net assets of discontinued
operations........................ -- -- 72 -- 72
Investment in affiliated
companies......................... 1 2 -- -- 3
Capital expenditures................ 106 27 2 -- 135
Noncash items other than
depreciation and amortization..... 26 29 (113)(e) -- (58)
</Table>
(a) Includes restructuring and other charges (credits) of $(1) million and $31
million in 2001 and 2000, respectively.
(b) Includes restructuring and other charges (credits) of $(4) million, $13
million, and $39 million in 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively.
(c) Includes pension-plan income; unallocated corporate expenses; and spin-off
transaction cost reversals of $12 million and $20 million in 2001 and 2000,
respectively.
(d) Includes assets related to pension plans and administrative service
operations.
(e) Includes pension-plan income.
48
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth certain geographic-area information.
<Table>
<Caption>
GEOGRAPHIC AREA
------------------- RECLASSIFICATIONS
UNITED AND
STATES FOREIGN(A) ELIMINATIONS TOTAL
(In millions) ------ ---------- ----------------- ------
AT DECEMBER 31, 2002, AND FOR THE YEAR THEN ENDED
Sales to external customers(b)..................... $2,286 $594 $ -- $2,880
Long-lived assets(c)............................... 1,298 304 -- 1,602
Total assets....................................... 2,756 656 -- 3,412
AT DECEMBER 31, 2001, AND FOR THE YEAR THEN ENDED
Sales to external customers(b)..................... $2,262 $550 $ -- $2,812
Long-lived assets(c)............................... 2,203 186 -- 2,389
Total assets....................................... 3,560 537 (37) 4,060
AT DECEMBER 31, 2000, AND FOR THE YEAR THEN ENDED
Sales to external customers(b)..................... $2,490 $562 $ -- $3,052
Long-lived assets(c)............................... 2,189 217 -- 2,406
Total assets....................................... 3,775 601 (35) 4,341
</Table>
(a) Sales to external customers and long-lived assets for individual countries
(primarily in Europe) were not material.
(b) Geographic assignment is based on location of selling business.
(c) Long-lived assets include all long-term assets other than net assets of
discontinued operations, goodwill, intangibles, and deferred taxes.
NOTE 17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Capital Commitments
The company estimates that the completion of projects authorized at
December 31, 2002, and for which commitments have been made will require
expenditures of approximately $90 million in 2003.
Purchase Commitments
The company occasionally enters into short-term forward contracts with
third parties to fix a portion of the cost of certain commodities used
internally. Several of such contracts for aluminum remained open at December 31,
2002.
Lease Commitments
Pactiv has entered into a $169 million synthetic-lease agreement with a
third-party lessor and various lenders to finance the cost of its headquarters
building and certain of its warehouse facilities and to facilitate additional
leasing arrangements for other operating facilities. This agreement, which will
expire in November 2005, contains customary terms and conditions covering, among
other things, residual-value guarantees, default provisions, and financial
covenants, and requires that certain financial-ratio tests be satisfied. Upon
expiration of the initial lease periods for the properties, the company may
extend the leases on terms negotiated with the lessors or purchase the leased
assets under specified conditions. Termination of the synthetic-lease agreement,
either before or at expiration, would require the company to make a termination
payment of $169 million, which, in essence, represents off-balance-sheet debt in
that the company might be required to obtain alternative financing to fund such
a payment.
Annual lease payments under the synthetic-lease agreement are expected to
total approximately $4 million in 2003, 2004, and 2005.
49
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Certain of the company's facilities, equipment, and other assets are leased
under long-term arrangements. Minimum lease payments under noncancelable
operating leases with lease terms in excess of 1 year are expected to total $33
million, $25 million, $17 million, $13 million, and $12 million for 2003, 2004,
2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively; and $27 million for subsequent years.
Commitments under capital leases are not significant. Total rental costs
for continuing operations for 2002, 2001, and 2000 were $42 million, $40
million, and $43 million, respectively, which included minimum rentals under
noncancelable operating leases of $36 million, $35 million, and $33 million for
the respective periods.
Litigation
In May 1999, Tenneco, Pactiv (through Tenneco's former paperboard-packaging
operations), and a number of containerboard manufacturers were named as
defendants in a civil, class-action antitrust lawsuit pending in the U.S.
district court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The company also was
named as a defendant in a related class-action antitrust lawsuit. The lawsuits
allege that the defendants conspired to raise linerboard prices for corrugated
containers and corrugated sheets from October 1, 1993, through November 30,
1995, in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The lawsuits seek treble
damages of unspecified amounts, plus attorneys' fees. Pactiv's management
believes that the allegations have no merit and is vigorously defending the
claims. Tenneco sold its containerboard business in April 1999, prior to the
spin-off of Pactiv in November 1999. In connection with the spin-off, Pactiv was
assigned responsibility for defending the claims against Tenneco with respect to
such lawsuit and for any liability resulting therefrom.
The company is party to other legal proceedings arising from its
operations.
Management believes that the outcome of all of these legal matters,
individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on
the company's earnings or financial position.
Environmental Matters
The company is subject to a variety of environmental and pollution-control
laws and regulations in all jurisdictions in which it operates. Pactiv provides
related reserves where it is probable that liabilities exist and where
reasonable estimates of the liabilities can be made. Estimated liabilities are
subject to change as more information becomes available regarding the magnitude
of possible clean-up costs and the cost and effectiveness of alternative
clean-up technologies. However, management believes that any additional costs
that may be incurred as more information becomes available will not have a
material effect on the earnings or financial condition of the company.
50
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
NOTE 18. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
<Table>
<Caption>
CUMULATIVE
INCOME INCOME EFFECT OF
FROM FROM CHANGE IN
CONTINUING DISCONTINUED ACCOUNTING
SALES COST OF SALES OPERATIONS OPERATIONS PRINCIPLES NET INCOME
(In millions) ------ ------------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ----------
2002
First quarter.............. $ 647 $ 438 $ 42 $-- $(72) $(30)
Second quarter............. 728 494 60 -- -- 60
Third quarter.............. 727 499 59 -- -- 59
Fourth quarter............. 778 536 59 -- -- 59
------ ------ ---- --- ---- ----
$2,880 $1,967 $220 $-- $(72) $148
------ ------ ---- --- ---- ----
2001
First quarter.............. $ 680 $ 489 $ 29 $ 4 $ -- $ 33
Second quarter............. 728 510 45 24 -- 69
Third quarter.............. 694 475 45 -- -- 45
Fourth quarter............. 710 476 46 -- -- 46
------ ------ ---- --- ---- ----
$2,812 $1,950 $165 $28 $ -- $193
------ ------ ---- --- ---- ----
</Table>
<Table>
<Caption>
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK
----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------
CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE
EFFECT OF EFFECT OF
CHANGE IN CHANGE IN
CONTINUING DISCONTINUED ACCOUNTING NET CONTINUING DISCONTINUED ACCOUNTING NET
OPERATIONS OPERATIONS PRINCIPLES INCOME OPERATIONS OPERATIONS PRINCIPLES INCOME
---------- ------------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------------ ---------- ------
2002(a)
First quarter...... $0.26 $ -- $(0.45) $(0.19) $0.26 $ -- $(0.45) $(0.19)
Second quarter..... 0.38 -- -- 0.38 0.38 -- -- 0.38
Third quarter...... 0.37 -- -- 0.37 0.37 -- -- 0.37
Fourth quarter..... 0.37 -- -- 0.37 0.37 -- -- 0.37
----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ----- ------ ------
$1.38 $ -- $(0.45) $ 0.93 $1.37 $ -- $(0.45) $ 0.92
----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ----- ------ ------
2001(a)
First quarter...... $0.18 $0.02 $ -- $ 0.20 $0.18 $0.02 $ -- $ 0.20
Second quarter..... 0.28 0.15 -- 0.43 0.28 0.15 -- 0.43
Third quarter...... 0.28 -- -- 0.28 0.28 -- -- 0.28
Fourth quarter..... 0.29 -- -- 0.29 0.29 -- -- 0.29
----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ----- ------ ------
$1.04 $0.17 $ -- $ 1.21 $1.03 $0.17 $ -- $ 1.20
----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ----- ------ ------
</Table>
(a) The sum of amounts shown for individual quarters may not equal the total for
the year because of changes in the weighted-average number of shares
outstanding throughout the year.
The preceding notes are an integral part of the foregoing financial statements.
51
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF "SAFE HARBOR" PROVISIONS
OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
Certain statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including
statements in the "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations" section and in the notes to the financial statements,
are "forward-looking statements." All statements other than statements of
historical fact, including statements regarding prospects and future results,
are forward-looking. These forward-looking statements generally can be
identified by the use of terms and phrases such as "will", "believe",
"anticipate", "may", "might", "could", "expect", "estimated", "projects",
"intends", "foreseeable future", and similar terms and phrases. These
forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts, but rather on the
company's current expectations or projections about future events. Accordingly,
these forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and
uncertainties. While the company believes that the assumptions underlying these
forward-looking statements are reasonable and makes the statements in good
faith, actual results almost always vary from expected results, and the
differences could be material. Following are factors that might cause the
company's actual results to differ materially from future results expressed or
implied by these forward-looking statements:
- Changes in consumer demand and selling prices for the company's products,
including new products that the company or its competitors may introduce,
that could impact sales and margins. The company operates in a very
competitive environment, in which product innovation and development has
historically been key to obtaining and maintaining market share and
margins.
- Material substitutions and changes in costs of raw materials, including
plastic resins, labor, or utilities that could impact the company's
expenses and margins. Plastic resin prices are impacted by the price of
oil and natural gas. Oil and natural gas prices are affected by numerous
factors, including overall economic activity, geopolitical situations
(particularly involving oil-exporting regions), and governmental policies
and regulation.
- Changes in laws or governmental actions, including changes in regulations
such as those relating to air emissions or plastics generally.
- Although the company believes it has adequate sources of liquidity for
its operations, the availability or cost of capital could impact growth
or acquisition opportunities.
- Workforce factors such as strikes or other labor interruptions.
- The general economic, political, and competitive conditions in countries
in which the company operates, including currency fluctuations and other
risks associated with operating outside of the U.S. may impact not only
demand for the company's products, but also the prices of raw materials
and costs of manufacturing.
- As discussed under the caption "Critical Accounting Policies -- Pension
Plans," changes in assumptions regarding the long-term rate of return on
pension assets and the discount rate and other assumptions, as well as
the level of amortization of actuarial gains and losses, could have a
material affect on net income and shareholders' equity.
- The company's ability to realize anticipated savings from its
restructuring plans.
- Changes enacted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Financial
Accounting Standards Board, or other regulatory or accounting bodies. See
"Changes in Accounting Principles."
- The company's ability to integrate new businesses that it may acquire.
52
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There has been no change in accountants, nor has there been any
disagreement on any matter of accounting principles or practices of financial
disclosure, which in either case is required to be reported pursuant to this
Item 9.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Information regarding the company's executive officers required by this
Item 10 is set forth in Item 4.1 of Part I, "Executive Officers of the
Registrant." Information regarding the company's directors required by this Item
10 is included in the company's Proxy Statement related to its May 16, 2003,
Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and is incorporated by reference herein.
Information regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 required by this Item 10 is included in the company's Proxy
Statement related to its May 16, 2003, Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and is
incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information regarding the compensation of the certain of the company's
executive officers required by this Item 11 is included in the company's Proxy
Statement related to its May 16, 2003, Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and is
incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table summarizes the company's equity-compensation plans at
December 31, 2002.
<Table>
<Caption>
NUMBER OF SHARES
NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
OF COMMON STOCK REMAINING AVAILABLE
TO BE ISSUED UPON WEIGHTED-AVERAGE FOR FUTURE ISSUANCE
EXERCISE OF EXERCISE PRICE OF UNDER EQUITY
PLAN CATEGORY OUTSTANDING OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS COMPENSATION PLANS
- ------------- ------------------- ------------------- -------------------
Equity-compensation plans approved by
shareholders............................. 14,803,965(1) $21.19 12,106,292
Equity-compensation plans not approved by
shareholders............................. 538,002(2) $14.97(3) 2,686,747(4)
---------- ------ ----------
Total...................................... 14,896,576 $21.15 14,793,039
---------- ------ ----------
</Table>
(1) Includes outstanding options and performance share awards. The outstanding
performance share awards are subject to vesting based on future performance
criteria and/or continued employment, and all such awards may be paid in
stock or in cash, at the discretion of the Compensation Committee.
(2) Includes shares purchased, or available for purchase, by employees pursuant
to the Pactiv Corporation Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which allows U.S.
and Canadian employees to purchase Pactiv common stock at a 15% discount,
subject to an annual limitation of $21,240. See Note 12 to the financial
statements for additional information regarding the Employee Stock Purchase
Plan. As of December 31, 2002, there were pending purchases for 92,611
shares (shares that employees had elected to purchase and paid the purchase
price), which were issued in early January 2003. Also includes units (Common
Stock Equivalents) invested in the Pactiv Common Stock Index under the
Pactiv Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan. Under the Deferred
Compensation Plan, directors and officers may defer receipt of all or a
portion of their retainer, bonus or other incentive compensation, in which
event such deferred amounts will be "indexed" against the investment options
selected by the participant. One of the investment options is the Pactiv
Common Stock Index. If a participant has selected the Pactiv Common Stock
Index, at the end of the deferral period (ordinarily
53
upon termination of employment or service as a director), the participant
may receive cash or Pactiv common stock. As of December 31. 2002, there were
445,391 units of Common Stock Equivalents held in the Pactiv Common Stock
Index Fund under the Deferred Compensation Plan.
(3) Represents the purchase price for the pending purchase (as of December 31,
2002) of 92,611 shares purchased under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. No
amount is included in this calculation with respect to the units held under
the Deferred Compensation Plan.
(4) Represents shares reserved for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase
Plan as of December 31, 2002, less shares for which as of such date
employees had elected to purchase and paid for (through payroll deductions)
but which had not yet been issued.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Information required by this Item 13 is included in the company's Proxy
Statement related to its May 16, 2003, Annual Meeting of Shareholders, and is
incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 14. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The company's disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure
that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports it files
or submits under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized,
and reported within the appropriate time periods. The company, under the
supervision and with the participation of its management, including the
company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has
evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(c) and 15d-14(c)), and the company and such
officers have concluded that such controls and procedures are adequate and
effective. The company completed its evaluation of such controls and procedures
in connection with the preparation of this annual report on Form 10-K on
February 12, 2003.
There have been no significant changes in the company's internal controls
or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to
the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses therein.
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INCLUDED IN ITEM 8
See "Index of Financial Statements of Pactiv Corporation and Consolidated
Subsidiaries" set forth in Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary
Data."
54
INDEX OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES INCLUDED IN ITEM 15
<Table>
<Caption>
PAGE
----
Schedule II -- Valuation and qualifying accounts -- three
years ended December 31, 2002............................. 56
SCHEDULES OMITTED AS NOT REQUIRED OR INAPPLICABLE
Schedule I -- Condensed financial information of
registrant................................................
Schedule III -- Real estate and accumulated depreciation....
Schedule IV -- Mortgage loans on real estate................
Schedule V -- Supplemental information concerning
property -- casualty insurance operations.................
</Table>
55
SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In millions)
<Table>
<Caption>
COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C COLUMN D COLUMN E
- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ------------------------- ---------- ---------
ADDITIONS
-------------------------
CHARGED TO
(REVERSED
BALANCE AT FROM) BALANCE
BEGINNING COSTS AND AT END OF
DESCRIPTION OF YEAR EXPENSES ACQUISITIONS DEDUCTIONS YEAR
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Year ended December 31, 2002.......... $12 $(5) $ 3 $(1) $11
Year ended December 31, 2001.......... 17 8 -- 13 12
Year ended December 31, 2000.......... 11 13 -- 7 17
</Table>
56
REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
The company filed no reports on Form 8-K during the quarter ended December
31, 2002.
INDEX OF EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 (Exhibits designated with an
asterisk are filed with this report; all other exhibits are incorporated by
reference.)
<Table>
<Caption>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
- ----------- -----------
2 Distribution Agreement by and between Tenneco Inc. and the
registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2 to
Pactiv Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K dated
November 11, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Pactiv
Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
3.2 Amended and Restated By-laws of the registrant adopted May
17, 2001(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to
Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2001, File No. 1-15157).
4.1 Specimen Stock Certificate of Pactiv Corporation Common
Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
4.2 Qualified Offer Plan Rights Agreement, dated as of November
4, 1999, by and between the registrant and First Chicago
Trust Company of New York, as Rights Agent (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Pactiv Corporation's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
4.2(a) Amendment No. 1 to Rights Agreement, dated as of November 7,
2002, by and between the registrant and National City Bank,
as rights agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
4.4(a) to Pactiv Corporation's Registration Statement on
Form S-8, File No. 333-101121).
4.3(a) Indenture, dated September 29, 1999, by and between the
registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Tenneco
Packaging Inc.'s Registration Statement on Form S-4, File
No. 333-82923).
4.3(b) First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 4, 1999,
to Indenture dated as of September 29, 1999, between the
registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3(b) to
Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
4.3(c) Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 4, 1999,
to Indenture dated as of September 29, 1999, between the
registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3(c) to
Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
4.3(d) Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 4, 1999,
to Indenture dated as of September 29, 1999, between the
registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3(d) to
Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
4.3(e) Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 4, 1999,
to Indenture dated as of September 1999, between the
registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3(e) to
Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
</Table>
57
<Table>
<Caption>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
- ----------- -----------
4.3(f) Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 4, 1999,
to Indenture dated as of September 29, 1999, between the
registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3(f) to
Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
4.4 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 4, 1999,
by and between the registrant and the trustees under the
Pactiv Corporation Rabbi Trust (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
1999, File No. 1-15157).
9 None.
10.1 Human Resources Agreement, dated as of November 4, 1999, by
and between Tenneco Inc. and the registrant (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 16.1 to Tenneco Inc.'s
Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 4, 1999, File No.
1-12387).
10.2 Tax Sharing Agreement, dated as of November 3, 1999, by and
between Tenneco Inc. and the registrant (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 16.2 to Tenneco Inc.'s Current
Report on Form 8-K dated November 4, 1999, File No.
1-12387).
10.3 Amended and Restated Transition Services Agreement, dated as
of November 4, 1999, by and between Tenneco Inc. and the
registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3
to Tenneco Automotive Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for quarterly period ended September 30, 1999, File No.
1-12387).
10.4 Pactiv Corporation (formerly known as Tenneco Packaging
Inc.) Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Pactiv Corporation's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
10.5 Pactiv Corporation (formerly known as Tenneco Packaging
Inc.) Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Pactiv Corporation's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
10.6 Pactiv Corporation (formerly known as Tenneco Packaging
Inc.) Change in Control Severance Benefit Plan for Key
Executives (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7
to Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
10.7 Pactiv Corporation (formerly known as Tenneco Packaging
Inc.) Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
1999, File No. 1-15157).
10.8 Pactiv Corporation Rabbi Trust (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
1999, File No. 1-15157).
10.9 Employment Agreement, dated as of March 11, 1997, by and
between Richard L. Wambold and Tenneco Inc. (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Pactiv Corporation's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
10.10 Long Term Credit Agreement, dated as of September 29, 1999,
among the registrant, Bank of America, N.A., as
Administrative Agent, Credit Suisse First Boston, as
Syndication Agent, Bank One, NA and Banque Nationale de
Paris, as Co-Documentation Agents, and the other financial
institutions party thereto (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 4.3 to Tenneco Packaging Inc.'s Registration
Statement on Form S-4, File No. 333-82923).
10.11 Term Loan Agreement, dated as of November 3, 1999, between
the registrant and Bank of America (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
1999, File No. 1-15157).
</Table>
58
<Table>
<Caption>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION
- ----------- -----------
10.12 Letter of Agreement dated September 10, 1999, by and among
Tenneco Inc., Bank of America, N.A., and Bank of America
Securities LLC, related to Term Loan Agreement, dated as of
November 3, 1999, by and between the registrant and Bank of
America (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.22
to Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 1999, File No. 1-15157).
10.13 Participation Agreement, dated as of October 28, 1999, among
the registrant, First Security Bank, N.A., Bank of America,
as Administrative Agent, and the other financial
institutions party thereto (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 10.23 to Pactiv Corporation's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1999, File No.
1-15157).
10.14 Pactiv Corporation 2002 Incentive Compensation Plan
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Pactiv
Corporation's Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No.
333-101121).
11 None.
*12 Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
13 None.
15 None.
16 None.
18 None.
*21 List of subsidiaries of Pactiv Corporation.
22 None.
*23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
*23.2 Pactiv Corporation explanation concerning absence of current
written consent of Arthur Andersen LLP.
*24 Powers of Attorney for the following directors of Pactiv
Corporation: Larry D. Brady, Robert J. Darnall, Mary R.
(Nina) Henderson, Roger B. Porter, Paul T. Stecko, Norman H.
Wesley.
*99.1 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*99.2 Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
</Table>
- ---------------
*Filed herewith
59
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused the report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PACTIV CORPORATION
By: /s/ RICHARD L. WAMBOLD
------------------------------------
Richard L. Wambold
Chairman, President and
Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 25, 2003
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following on behalf of the registrant and in
the capacities and on the dates indicated.
<Table>
<Caption>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
/s/ RICHARD L. WAMBOLD Chairman, President, Chief March 25, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------ Executive Officer and Director
Richard L. Wambold (principal executive officer)
/s/ ANDREW A. CAMPBELL Senior Vice President and Chief March 25, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------ Financial Officer (principal
Andrew A. Campbell financial and accounting
officer)
/s/ LARRY D. BRADY* Director March 25, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------
Larry D. Brady
Director
- ------------------------------------------------
K. Dane Brooksher
/s/ ROBERT J. DARNALL* Director March 25, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------
Robert J. Darnall
/s/ MARY R. (NINA) HENDERSON* Director March 25, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------
Mary R. (Nina) Henderson
/s/ ROGER B. PORTER* Director March 25, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------
Roger B. Porter
/s/ PAUL T. STECKO* Director March 25, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------
Paul T. Stecko
/s/ NORMAN H. WESLEY* Director March 25, 2003
- ------------------------------------------------
Norman H. Wesley
*By: /s/ JAMES V. FAULKNER, JR. March 25, 2003
-----------------------------------------
James V. Faulkner, Jr.
Attorney-in-fact
</Table>
60
CERTIFICATION
I, Richard L. Wambold, the principal executive officer of Pactiv Corporation
(the "company"), certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K for the company;
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this annual report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this annual report, fairly present in all
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this
annual report;
4. The company's other certifying officer and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the company and
have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that
material information relating to the company, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this
annual report is being prepared;
(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls
and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing
date of this annual report (the "Evaluation Date"); and
(c) Presented in this annual report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on
our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;
5. The company's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on
our most recent evaluation, to the company's auditors and the audit
committee of the company's board of directors:
(a) All significant deficiencies in the design or operation of
internal controls which could adversely affect the company's
ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial data
and have identified for the company's auditors any material
weaknesses in internal controls; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or
other employees who have a significant role in the company's
internal controls; and
6. The company's other certifying officer and I have indicated in this
annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal
controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal
controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including
any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and
material weaknesses.
Date: March 25, 2003
/s/ RICHARD L. WAMBOLD
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Richard L. Wambold
Principal Executive Officer
61
CERTIFICATION
I, Andrew A. Campbell, the principal financial officer of Pactiv Corporation
(the "company"), certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K for the company;
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this annual report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this annual report, fairly present in all
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this
annual report;
4. The company's other certifying officer and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the company and
have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that
material information relating to the company, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this
annual report is being prepared;
(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls
and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing
date of this annual report (the "Evaluation Date"); and
(c) Presented in this annual report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on
our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;
5. The company's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on
our most recent evaluation, to the company's auditors and the audit
committee of the company's board of directors:
(a) All significant deficiencies in the design or operation of
internal controls which could adversely affect the company's
ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial data
and have identified for the company's auditors any material
weaknesses in internal controls; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or
other employees who have a significant role in the company's
internal controls; and
6. The company's other certifying officer and I have indicated in this
annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal
controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal
controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation, including
any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and
material weaknesses.
Date: March 25, 2003
/s/ ANDREW A. CAMPBELL
- ---------------------------------------------
Andrew A. Campbell
Principal Financial Officer
62