Exhibit 24

                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints JOHN P. AMBOIAN and ALAN G.
BERKSHIRE, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead,
in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual, periodic or special
report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with all exhibits thereto,
and any and all other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any regulatory authority,
federal or state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of
them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 1st day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ Timothy R. Schwertfeger
                                               ---------------------------------
                                               Timothy R. Schwertfeger

STATE OF ILLINOIS          )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF COOK             )

On this 1st day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary Public
in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to me to
be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of
Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Jose A. Visaya
                                               -------------------
                                               Notary Public

My Commission Expires: May 15, 2005



                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints ALAN G. BERKSHIRE, (with full
power to act alone) his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full
power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his
name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual,
periodic or special report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with
all exhibits thereto, and any and all other documents in connection therewith,
and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any
regulatory authority, federal or state, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and
agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and
agent or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 6th day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ John P. Amboian
                                               --------------------------------
                                               John P. Amboian

STATE OF ILLINOIS          )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF COOK             )

On this 6th day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary Public
in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to me to
be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of
Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Jose A. Visaya
                                               ---------------------------------
                                               Notary Public

My Commission Expires: May 15, 2005



                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints JOHN P. AMBOIAN and ALAN G.
BERKSHIRE, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead,
in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual, periodic or special
report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with all exhibits thereto,
and any and all other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any regulatory authority,
federal or state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of
them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 4th day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ Willard L. Boyd
                                               --------------------------------
                                               Willard L. Boyd

STATE OF ILLINOIS          )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF COOK             )

On this 4th day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary Public
in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to me to
be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of
Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Jose A. Visaya
                                               ---------------------------------
                                                         Notary Public

My Commission Expires: May 15, 2005



                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints JOHN P. AMBOIAN and ALAN G.
BERKSHIRE, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead,
in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual, periodic or special
report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with all exhibits thereto,
and any and all other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any regulatory authority,
federal or state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of
them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 5th day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ W. John Driscoll
                                               --------------------------------
                                               W. John Driscoll

STATE OF MINNESOTA         )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF RAMSEY           )

On this 5th day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary Public
in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to me to
be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of
Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Cheryl M. McNary
                                               ---------------------------------
                                                          Notary Public

My Commission Expires: January 31, 2005



                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints JOHN P. AMBOIAN and ALAN G.
BERKSHIRE, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead,
in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual, periodic or special
report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with all exhibits thereto,
and any and all other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any regulatory authority,
federal or state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of
them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 2nd day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ Duane R. Kullberg
                                               ---------------------------------
                                               Duane R. Kullberg

STATE OF ARIZONA           )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF MARICOPA         )

On this 2nd day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary Public
in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to me to
be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of
Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Brian W. Austin
                                               ---------------------------------
                                                           Notary Public

My Commission Expires: September 7, 2007



                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints JOHN P. AMBOIAN and ALAN G.
BERKSHIRE, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead,
in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual, periodic or special
report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with all exhibits thereto,
and any and all other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any regulatory authority,
federal or state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of
them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 18th day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ Jay S. Fishman
                                               --------------------------------
                                               Jay S. Fishman

STATE OF MINNESOTA         )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF RAMSEY           )

On this 18th day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary
Public in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to
me to be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power
of Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for
the intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Teri L. Heltne
                                               ---------------------------------
                                                        Notary Public

My Commission Expires: January 31, 2005



                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                               POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints JOHN P. AMBOIAN and ALAN G.
BERKSHIRE, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead,
in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual, periodic or special
report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with all exhibits thereto,
and any and all other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any regulatory authority,
federal or state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of
them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 3rd day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ John L. Carl
                                               ---------------------------------
                                               John L. Carl

STATE OF ILLINOIS          )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF COOK             )

On this 3rd day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary Public
in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to me to
be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of
Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Jose A. Visaya
                                               ---------------------------------
                                                        Notary Public

My Commission Expires: May 15, 2005



                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints JOHN P. AMBOIAN and ALAN G.
BERKSHIRE, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead,
in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual, periodic or special
report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with all exhibits thereto,
and any and all other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any regulatory authority,
federal or state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of
them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 2nd day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ Thomas A. Bradley
                                               --------------------------------
                                               Thomas A. Bradley

STATE OF MINNESOTA         )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF RAMSEY           )

On this 2nd day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary Public
in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to me to
be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of
Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Teri L. Heltne
                                               --------------------------------
                                                      Notary Public

My Commission Expires: January 31, 2005



                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                                POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints JOHN P. AMBOIAN and ALAN G.
BERKSHIRE, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead,
in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual, periodic or special
report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with all exhibits thereto,
and any and all other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any regulatory authority,
federal or state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of
them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 23rd day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ Roderick A. Palmore
                                               --------------------------------
                                               Roderick A. Palmore

STATE OF ILLINOIS          )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF COOK             )

On this 23rd day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary
Public in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to
me to be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power
of Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for
the intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Rosemarie Pisowicz
                                               ---------------------------------
                                                       Notary Public

My Commission Expires: October 5, 2007



                            NUVEEN INVESTMENTS, INC.

                               POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that the undersigned, a director of Nuveen
Investments, Inc., hereby constitutes and appoints JOHN P. AMBOIAN and ALAN G.
BERKSHIRE, and each of them (with full power to each of them to act alone) his
true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution
and resubstitution, for him and on his behalf and in his name, place and stead,
in any and all capacities, to execute any such annual, periodic or special
report pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, including any and all amendments thereto, with all exhibits thereto,
and any and all other documents in connection therewith, and to file the same
with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any regulatory authority,
federal or state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of
them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises in order to
effectuate the same, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could
do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact
and agents or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may
lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned director of Nuveen Investments, Inc. has
hereunto set his hand this 3rd day of February 2004.

                                               /s/ William H. Heyman
                                               --------------------------------
                                               William H. Heyman

STATE OF MINNESOTA         )
                           )SS
COUNTY OF WASHINGTON       )

On this 3rd day of February 2004, personally appeared before me, a Notary Public
in and for said County and State, the person named above who is known to me to
be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the foregoing Power of
Attorney and who acknowledges the same to be his voluntary act and deed for the
intent and purposes therein set forth.

(SEAL)                                         /s/ Elizabeth A. Richardson
                                               --------------------------------
                                                        Notary Public

My Commission Expires: January 31, 2005