EXHIBIT 3.1
THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS FOR THE REGULATION, EXCEPT
AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED BY STATUTE OR ITS
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION, OF
PACIFIC SUNWEAR OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
SECTION 1. PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICE. The corporation's principal
executive office shall be fixed and located at such place as the Board of
Directors shall determine. The Board of Directors is granted full power and
authority to change the principal executive office from one location to another.
SECTION 2. OTHER OFFICES. Other business offices may at any time be
established by the Board of Directors at any place or places where the
corporation is qualified to do business.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
SECTION 1. PLACE OF MEETINGS. All annual or other meetings of
shareholders shall be held at the principal executive office of the corporation,
or at any other place within or without the State of California which may be
designated by the Board of Directors or by the written consent of all persons
entitled to vote thereat and not present at the meeting, given either before or
after the meeting and filed with the secretary of the corporation.
SECTION 2. ANNUAL MEETINGS. The annual meetings of shareholders
shall be held on such dates and at such times as shall be designated by the
Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting given to each
shareholder as provided below. At such meetings, directors shall be elected,
reports of the affairs of the corporation shall be considered, and any other
business may be transacted which is within the powers of the shareholders.
Written notice of each annual meeting shall be given to each shareholder
entitled to vote, either personally or by mail or other means of written
communication, charges prepaid, addressed to such shareholder at its address
appearing on the books of the corporation or given to the corporation for the
purpose of notice. If any notice or report addressed to the shareholder at the
address of such shareholder appearing on the books of the corporation is
returned to the corporation by the United States Postal Service marked to
indicate that the United States Postal Service is unable to deliver the notice
or report to the shareholder at such address, all future notices or reports
shall be deemed to have been duly given without further mailing if the same
shall be available for the shareholder upon written demand of the shareholder at
the principal executive office of the corporation for a period of one year from
the date of the giving of the notice or report to all other shareholders. If a
shareholder gives no address, notice shall be deemed to have been given if sent
by mail or other means of written communication addressed to the place where the
principal executive office of the corporation is situated, or if published at
least once in some newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the
principal executive office is located.
All such notices shall be given to each shareholder entitled thereto
not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days before each annual
meeting. Any such notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time when
delivered personally or deposited in the mail or sent by other means of written
communication. An affidavit of mailing of any such notice in accordance with the
foregoing provisions, executed by the secretary, assistant secretary or any
transfer agent of the corporation, shall be prima facie evidence of the giving
of the notice.
Such notices shall specify:
(a) the place, the date, and the hour of such meeting;
(b) those matters which the Board, at the time of the mailing
of the notice, intends to present for action by the shareholders at the
meeting;
(c) if directors are to be elected, the names of nominees
intended at the time of the notice to be presented by management for
election;
(d) the general nature of a proposal, if any, to take action
with respect to approval of (i) a contract or other transaction with an
interested director, (ii) amendment of the Articles of Incorporation,
(iii) a reorganization of the corporation as defined in Section 181 of the
California General Corporation Law (the "CGCL"), (iv) voluntary
dissolution of the corporation, or (v) a distribution in dissolution other
than in accordance with the rights of outstanding preferred shares, if
any; and
(e) such other matters, if any, as may be expressly required
by statute.
SECTION 3. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the shareholders
for the purpose of taking any action permitted by the shareholders under the
CGCL and the Articles of Incorporation of this corporation, may be called at any
time by the chairman of the Board or the chief executive officer (if there shall
be such an officer or officers) or the president, or by any two directors, or by
holders of shares entitled to cast not less than ten percent (10%) of the votes
at the meeting. Upon request in writing that a special meeting of shareholders
be called for any proper purpose, directed to the chairman of the Board,
president, vice president or secretary by any person (other than the Board)
entitled to call a special meeting of shareholders, the officer forthwith shall
cause notice to be given to shareholders entitled to vote that a meeting will be
held at a time requested by the person or persons calling the meeting, not less
than thirty-five (35) nor more than sixty (60) days after receipt of the
request. Except in special cases where other express provision is made by
statute, notice of such special meetings shall be given in the same manner as
for the annual meeting of shareholders. In addition to the matters required by
items (a) and, if applicable, (c) of the preceding Section, notice of any
special meeting shall specify the general nature of the business to be
transacted, and no other business may be transacted at such meeting.
SECTION 4. QUORUM. The presence in person or by proxy of the persons
entitled to vote a majority of the shares at any meeting shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business at that meeting. The shareholders present
at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do
business until adjournment, notwithstanding the
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withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action
taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the shares
required to constitute a quorum.
SECTION 5. ADJOURNED MEETING AND NOTICE THEREOF. Any shareholders'
meeting, annual or special, whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned
from time to time by the vote of a majority of the shares, the holders of which
are either present in person or by proxy thereat, but in the absence of a quorum
no other business may be transacted at such meeting, except as provided in
Section 4 above. When any shareholders' meeting, either annual or special, is
adjourned for forty-five days or more, or if after adjournment a new record date
is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be
given as in the case of an original meeting. Except as provided above, it shall
not be necessary to give any notice of the time and place of the adjourned
meeting or of the business to be transacted thereat, other than by announcement
of the time and place of the adjourned meeting at the meeting at which the
adjournment is taken.
SECTION 6. VOTING. Unless a record date for voting purposes be fixed
as provided in Section 1 of Article V of these Bylaws, then, subject to the
provisions of Sections 702 and 704, inclusive, of the CGCL (relating to voting
of shares held by a fiduciary, in the name of a corporation, or in joint
ownership) only persons in whose names shares entitled to vote stand on the
stock records of the corporation at the close of business on the business day
next preceding the day on which notice of the meeting is given or if such notice
is waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day
on which the meeting of shareholders is held, shall be entitled to vote at such
meeting, and such day shall be the record date for such meeting. Such vote may
be viva voce or by ballot; provided, however, that all elections for directors
must be by ballot upon demand made by a shareholder at any election and before
the voting begins. If a quorum is present, except with respect to election of
directors, the affirmative vote of the majority of the shares represented at the
meeting and voting on the matter shall be the act of the shareholders, unless
the vote of a greater number or voting by classes is required by the CGCL or the
Articles of Incorporation. Subject to the requirements of the next sentence and
any provision contained in the Articles of Incorporation, every shareholder
entitled to vote at any election for directors shall have the right to cumulate
its votes and give one candidate a number of votes equal to the number of
directors to be elected multiplied by the number of votes to which its shares
are entitled, or to distribute its votes on the same principle among as many
candidates as such shareholder shall think fit. No shareholder shall be entitled
to cumulate votes unless the name of the candidate or candidates for whom such
votes would be cast has been placed in nomination prior to the meeting, and any
shareholder has given notice at the meeting prior to the voting of such
shareholder's intention to cumulate its votes. The candidates receiving the
highest number of votes of shares entitled to be voted for them, up to the
number of directors to be elected, shall be elected.
SECTION 7. VALIDATION OF DEFECTIVE CALLED OR NOTICED MEETINGS. The
transactions of any meeting of shareholders, either annual or special, however
called and noticed, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after
regular call and notice, if a quorum be present either in person or by proxy,
and if, whether before or after the meeting, each of the persons entitled to
vote, not present in person or by proxy, or who, though present, has, at the
beginning of the meeting, properly objected to the transaction of any business
thereat because the meeting was not lawfully called or convened, or to
particular matters of business legally required
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to be included in the notice, but not so included, signs a written waiver of
notice, or a consent to the holding of such meeting, or an approval of the
minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the
corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.
SECTION 8. ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING. Subject to any provision
contained in the Articles of Incorporation, directors may be elected without a
meeting by consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, signed by all
of the persons who would be entitled to vote for the election of directors,
provided that, without notice except as hereinafter set forth, a director may be
elected at any time to fill a vacancy on the Board of Directors not filled by
the directors by the written consent of persons holding a majority of the
outstanding shares entitled to vote for the election of directors.
Subject to any provision contained in the Articles of Incorporation,
any other action which, under any provision of the CGCL, may be taken at a
meeting of the shareholders, may be taken without a meeting, and without notice
except as hereinafter set forth, if a consent in writing, setting forth the
action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding shares having not less
than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take
such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were
present and voted. Unless the consents of all shareholders entitled to vote have
been solicited in writing,
(a) Notice of any proposed shareholder approval of a (i) contract or
other transaction with an interested director, (ii) indemnification
of an agent of the corporation as authorized by Section 15 of
Article III of these Bylaws, (iii) a reorganization of the
corporation as defined in Section 181 of the CGCL, or (iv) a
distribution in dissolution other than in accordance with the rights
of outstanding preferred shares, if any, without a meeting shall be
given a least ten (10) days before consummation of the action
authorized by such approval; and
(b) Prompt notice shall be given of the taking of any other
corporate action approved by the shareholders without a meeting by
less than unanimous written consent to those shareholders entitled
to vote who have not consented in writing. Such notices shall be
given in the manner and shall be deemed to have been given as
provided in Section 2 of Article II of these Bylaws.
Unless, as provided in Section 1 of Article V of these Bylaws, the
Board of Directors has fixed a record date for the determination of shareholders
entitled to notice of and to give such written consent, the record date for such
determination shall be the day on which the first written consent is given. All
such written consents shall be filed with the secretary of the corporation.
Any shareholder giving a written consent, or the shareholder's
proxyholders, or a transferee of the shares or a personal representative of the
shareholder or their respective proxyholders, may revoke the consent by a
writing received by the corporation prior to the time that written consents of
the number of shares required to authorize the proposed action have been filed
with the secretary of the corporation, but may not do so thereafter. Such
revocation is effective upon its receipt by the secretary of the corporation.
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SECTION 9. PROXIES. Every person entitled to vote or execute
consents shall have the right to do so whether in person or by one or more
agents authorized by a written proxy executed by such person or such person's
duly authorized agent and filed with the secretary of the corporation. Any proxy
duly executed is not revoked and continues in full force and effect until (i) an
instrument revoking it or a duly executed proxy bearing a later date is filed
with the secretary of the corporation prior to the vote pursuant thereto, (ii)
the person executing the proxy attends the meeting and votes in person, or (iii)
written notice of the death or incapacity of the maker of the proxy is received
by the corporation before the vote pursuant thereto is counted; provided that no
proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven (11) months from the date of
its execution, unless the person executing it specifies therein the length of
time for which such proxy is to continue in force.
SECTION 10. INSPECTORS OF ELECTION. In advance of any meeting of
shareholders, the Board of Directors may appoint any person other than nominees
for office as inspectors of election to act at such meeting or any adjournment
thereof. If inspectors of election be not so appointed, the chairman of any such
meeting may, and on the request of any shareholder or its proxy shall, appoint
inspectors of election at the meeting. The number of inspectors shall be either
one or three. If appointed at a meeting on the request of one or more
shareholders or proxies, the majority of shares represented in person or by
proxy shall determine whether one or three inspectors are to be appointed. In
case any person appointed as inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to
act, the vacancy may, and on the request of any shareholder or a shareholder's
proxy shall, be filled by appointment by the Board of Directors in advance of
the meeting, or at the meeting by the chairman of the meeting.
The duties of such inspectors shall be as prescribed by Section 707
of the CGCL and shall include determining the number of shares outstanding and
the voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence
of a quorum, the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies; receiving votes,
ballots or consents; hearing and determining all challenges and questions in any
way arising in connection with the right to vote; counting and tabulating all
votes or consents; determining when the polls close; determining the result; and
such acts as may be proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all
shareholders. In the determination of the validity and effect of proxies, the
dates contained on the forms of proxy shall presumptively determine the order of
execution of the proxies, regardless of the postmark dates on the envelopes in
which they are mailed.
The inspectors of election shall perform their duties impartially,
in good faith, to the best of their ability and as expeditiously as is
practical. If there be three inspectors of election, the decision, act or
certificate of a majority is effective in all respects as the decision, act or
certificate of all. Any report or certificate made by the inspectors of election
is prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. POWERS. Subject to limitations of the Articles of
Incorporation and the CGCL as to action to be authorized or approved by the
shareholders, and subject to the duties of
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directors as prescribed by these Bylaws, all corporate powers shall be exercised
by or under the authority of, and the business and affairs of the corporation
shall be controlled by, the Board of Directors. Without prejudice to such
general powers, but subject to the same limitations, it is hereby expressly
declared that the directors shall have the following powers, to wit:
First - To select and remove all the officers, agents and employees
of the corporation, prescribe such powers and duties for them as may not be
inconsistent with law, with the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, fix
their compensation and require from them security for faithful service.
Second - To conduct, manage and control the affairs and business of
the corporation, and to make such rules and regulations therefor not
inconsistent with law, or with the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws, as
they may deem best.
Third - To adopt, make and use a corporate seal, and to prescribe
the forms of certificates of stock, and to alter the form of such seal and of
such certificates from time to time, as in their judgment they may deem best,
provided such seal and such certificates shall at all times comply with the
provisions of law.
Fourth - To authorize the issue of shares of stock of the
corporation from time to time, upon such terms as may be lawful.
Fifth - To borrow money and incur indebtedness for the purposes of
the corporation, and to cause to be executed and delivered therefor, in the
corporate name, promissory notes, bonds, debentures, deeds of trust, mortgages,
pledges, hypothecations or other evidences of debt and securities therefor.
Sixth - By resolution adopted by a majority of the authorized number
of directors, to designate an executive and other committees, each consisting of
two or more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the Board, and to prescribe
the manner in which proceedings of such committees shall be conducted. Unless
the Board of Directors shall otherwise prescribe the manner of proceedings of
any such committee, meetings of such committee may be regularly scheduled in
advance and may be called at any time by any two members thereof; otherwise, the
provisions of these Bylaws with respect to notice and conduct of meetings of the
Board shall govern. Any such committee, to the extent provided in a resolution
of the Board, shall have all of the authority of the Board, except with respect
to:
(i) the approval of any action for which the CGCL or the Articles of
Incorporation also require shareholder approval;
(ii) the filling of vacancies on the Board or in any committee;
(iii) the fixing of compensation of the directors for serving on the
Board or on any committee;
(iv) the adoption, amendment or repeal of bylaws;
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(v) the amendment or repeal of any resolution of the Board which by
its express terms is not so amendable or repealable;
(vi) any distribution to the shareholders, except at a rate or in a
periodic amount or within a price range determined by the Board;
(vii) the appointment of other committees of the Board or the
members thereof.
SECTION 2. NUMBER AND QUALIFICATION OF DIRECTORS. The authorized
number of directors shall be not less than five nor more than nine until changed
by Amendment of the Articles of Incorporation or by a bylaw duly adopted by
approval of the outstanding shares. The exact number of directors shall be
fixed, within the limits specified, by amendment of the next sentence duly
adopted either by the Board of Directors or the shareholders. The exact number
of directors shall be nine until changed as provided in this Section 2.
SECTION 3. ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE. This section shall become
effective only when this corporation becomes a listed corporation within the
meaning of Section 301.5 of the CGCL.
In the event that the authorized number of directors shall be fixed
with at least six (6) but less than nine (9) directors, the Board of Directors
shall be divided into two classes, designated Class I and Class II, effective as
of the first annual meeting following the effective date of this Bylaw (the
"Initial Annual Meeting"). Each class shall consist of one-half of the directors
or as close an approximation as possible. The initial term of office of the
directors of Class I shall expire at the annual meeting to be held during the
fiscal year following the Initial Annual Meeting, and the initial term of office
of the directors of Class II shall expire at the annual meeting to be held
during the second fiscal year following the Initial Annual Meeting. At each
annual meeting, commencing with the first annual meeting following the Initial
Annual Meeting, each of the successors to the directors of the class whose term
shall have expired at such annual meeting shall be elected for a term running
until the second annual meeting next succeeding his or her election and until
his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.
In the event that the authorized number of directors shall be fixed
at nine (9) or more, the Board of Directors shall be divided into three classes,
designated Class I, Class II and Class III, effective as of the first annual
meeting coinciding with or following the division into three classes (the
"Effective Date"). Each class shall consist of one-third of the directors or as
close an approximation as possible. The initial term of office of the directors
of Class I shall expire at the annual meeting to be held during the first fiscal
year following the Effective Date, the initial term of office of the directors
of Class II shall expire at the annual meeting to be held during second fiscal
year following the Effective Date and the initial term of office of the
directors of Class III shall expire at the annual meeting to be held during the
third fiscal year following the Effective Date. At each annual meeting,
commencing with the first annual meeting following the Effective Date, each of
the successors to the directors of the class whose term shall have expired at
such annual meeting shall be elected for a term running until the third annual
meeting next succeeding his or her election and until his or her successor shall
have been duly elected qualified.
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Notwithstanding the rule that the classes shall be as nearly equal
in number of directors as possible, in the event of any change in the authorized
number of directors, each director then continuing to serve as such shall
nevertheless continue as a director of the class of which he or she is a member
until the expiration of his or her current term, or his or her prior death,
resignation or removal.
At each annual election, the directors chosen to succeed those whose
terms then expire shall be of the same class as the directors they succeed,
unless, by reason of any intervening changes in the authorized number of
directors, the Board of Directors shall designate one or more directorships
whose term then expires as directorships of another class in order more nearly
to achieve equality of number of directors among the classes.
This section only may be amended or repealed by the approval of the
Board of Directors and the outstanding shares (as defined in Section 152 of the
CGCL) voting as a single class, notwithstanding Section 903 of the CGCL.
SECTION 4. VACANCIES. A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall be
deemed to exist in the case of the death, resignation or removal of any
director, if a director has been declared of unsound mind by order of court or
convicted of a felony, if the authorized number of directors be increased, or if
the shareholders fail, at any annual or special meeting of shareholders at which
any director or directors are elected, to elect the full authorized number of
directors to be voted for at that meeting. No reduction of the authorized number
of directors shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the
expiration of his or her term of office.
Subject to any provision contained in the Articles of Incorporation,
vacancies in the Board of Directors, except for a vacancy created by the removal
of a director, may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, though
less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director; and each director so
elected shall hold office until his or her successor is elected at an annual or
special meeting of the shareholders. Subject to any provision contained in the
Articles of Incorporation, a vacancy in the Board of Directors created by the
removal of a director may only be filled by the vote of a majority of the shares
entitled to vote represented at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is
present, or, subject to any provision contained in the Articles of
Incorporation, by the written consent of the holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares.
Subject to any provision contained in the Articles of Incorporation,
the shareholders may elect a director or directors at any time to fill any
vacancy or vacancies not filled by the directors. Any such election by written
consent shall require the consent of holders of a majority of the outstanding
shares entitled to vote.
Any director may resign effective upon giving written notice to the
chairman of the Board, the president, the secretary of the Board or the Board of
Directors of the corporation, unless the notice specifies a later time for the
effectiveness of such resignation. If the Board of Directors accepts the
resignation of a director tendered to take effect at a future time, the Board
or, subject to any provision contained in the Articles of Incorporation, the
shareholders shall have the power to elect a successor to take office when the
resignation is to become effective.
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SECTION 5. PLACE OF MEETING. Regular meetings of the Board of
Directors shall be held at any place within or without the State of California
which has been designated from time to time by resolution of the Board or by
written consent of all members of the Board. In the absence of such designation,
regular meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the
corporation. Special meetings of the Board may be held either at a place so
designated or at the principal executive office of the corporation.
SECTION 6. ORGANIZATION MEETING. Immediately following each annual
meeting of shareholders, the Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting at
the place of said annual meeting or at such other place as shall be fixed by the
Board, for the purpose of organization of the newly elected Board, election of
officers, and the transaction of other business. Call and notice of such
meetings are hereby dispensed with.
SECTION 7. OTHER REGULAR MEETINGS. Other regular meetings of the
Board of Directors shall be held without call as provided in a resolution
adopted by the Board from time to time; provided, however, should said day fall
upon a legal holiday, then said meeting shall be held at the same time on the
next day thereafter ensuing which is a full business day. Notice of all such
regular meetings of the Board of Directors is hereby dispensed with.
SECTION 8. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of
Directors for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the chairman
of the Board or the chief executive officer (if there shall be such an officer
or officers), the president, any vice president or the secretary, or by any two
directors.
Written notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be
delivered personally to each director or communicated to each director by
telephone, including a voice messaging system or other system or technology
designed to record and communicate messages, telegraph, facsimile, electronic
mail or other electronic means, or by mail, charges prepaid, addressed to him or
her at his or her address as it is shown upon the records of the corporation or,
if it is not so shown on such records or is not readily ascertainable, at the
place at which meetings of the directors are regularly held. In case such notice
is mailed or telegraphed, it shall be deposited in the United States mail or
delivered to the telegraph company in the place in which the principal executive
office of the corporation is located at least forty-eight (48) hours prior to
the time of the holding of the meeting. In case such notice is delivered,
personally or by telephone, facsimile or other electronic means, as above
provided, it shall be so delivered at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to the
time of the holding of the meeting. Such mailing or delivery, as above provided,
shall be due, legal and personal notice to each such director.
SECTION 9. ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING. Any action by the Board of
Directors may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board shall
individually or collectively consent in writing to such action. Such written
consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the
Board and shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of such
directors at a meeting duly called and held.
SECTION 10. ACTION AT A MEETING: QUORUM AND REQUIRED VOTE. Presence
of a majority of the authorized number of directors at a meeting of the Board of
Directors constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business, except as
hereinafter provided. Members of the Board
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may participate in a meeting through use of conference telephone, electronic
video screen communication, or similar communications equipment, so long as all
members participating in such meeting can hear one another. Participation in a
meeting through the use of a conference telephone constitutes presence in person
at such meeting. Participation in a meeting through the use of electronic video
screen communication or other communications equipment, other than conference
telephone, constitutes presence in person at that meeting if all of the
following apply:
(a) Each member participating in the meeting can communicate with
all of the other members concurrently.
(b) Each member is provided the means of participating in all
matters before the board, including, without limitation, the
capacity to propose, or to interpose an objection to, a specific
action to be taken by the corporation.
(c) The corporation adopts and implements some means of
verifying both of the following:
(i) A person participating in the meeting is a director or other
person entitled to participate in the board meeting.
(ii) All actions of, or votes by, the board are taken or cast
only by the directors and not by persons who are not
directors.
Subject to the provisions of the CGCL, every act or decision done or
made by a majority of the directors at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is
present shall be regarded as the act of the Board of Directors, unless a greater
number, or the same number after disqualifying one or more directors from
voting, is required by law, by the Articles of Incorporation, or by these
Bylaws. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to
transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, provided that any
action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for such
meeting.
SECTION 11. VALIDATION OF DEFECTIVELY CALLED OR NOTICED MEETINGS.
The transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, however called or
noticed or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held
after regular call and notice, if a quorum is present and if, either before or
after the meeting, each of the directors not present or who, though present,
has, prior to the meeting or at its commencement, protested the lack of proper
notice, signs a written waiver of notice or a consent to holding such meeting or
an approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents or approvals
shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the
meeting.
SECTION 12. ADJOURNMENT. A quorum of the directors may adjourn any
directors' meeting to meet again at a stated day and hour; provided, however,
that in the absence of a quorum a majority of the directors present at any
directors' meeting, either regular or special, may adjourn from time to time
until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board.
SECTION 13. NOTICE OF ADJOURNMENT. If the meeting is adjourned for
more than twenty-four (24) hours, notice of any adjournment to another time or
place shall be given prior to
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the time of the adjourned meeting to the directors who were not present at the
time of adjournment. Otherwise, notice of the time and place of holding an
adjourned meeting need not be given to absent directors if the time and place be
fixed at the meeting adjourned.
SECTION 14. FEES AND COMPENSATION. Directors and members of
committees may receive such compensation, if any, for their services, and such
reimbursement for expenses, as may be fixed or determined by resolution of the
Board of Directors.
SECTION 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND
OTHER AGENTS.
(a) Indemnification of Directors and Officers. Each person who
was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is
involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, formal or informal, whether brought in the name of the
corporation or otherwise and whether of a civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative nature (hereinafter a "proceeding"),
by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person of whom he or she
is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the
corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or
of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise,
including service with respect to employee benefit plans, whether
the basis of such proceeding is an alleged action or inaction in an
official capacity or in any other capacity while serving as a
director or officer, shall, subject to the terms of any agreement
between the corporation and such person, be indemnified and held
harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent permissible under
California law and the corporation's Articles of Incorporation,
against all costs, charges, expenses, liabilities and losses
(including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or
penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably
incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith, and
such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to
be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of his or
her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that (a)
the corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking
indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof)
initiated by such person only if such proceeding (or part thereof)
was authorized by the Board of the corporation, (b) the corporation
shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in
connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) other than a
proceeding by or in the name of the corporation to procure a
judgment in its favor only if any settlement of such a proceeding is
approved in writing by the corporation, (c) no such person shall be
indemnified (i) except to the extent that the aggregate of losses to
be indemnified exceeds the amount of such losses for which the
director or officer is paid pursuant to any directors' and officers'
liability insurance policy maintained by the corporation; (ii) on
account of any suit in which judgment is rendered against such
person for an accounting of profits made from the purchase or sale
by such person of securities of the corporation pursuant to the
provisions of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
and amendments thereto or similar provisions of any federal state or
local statutory law; (iii) if a court of competent jurisdiction
finally determines that
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any indemnification hereunder is unlawful; and (iv) as to
circumstances in which indemnity is expressly prohibited by the
CGCL, and (d) no such person shall be indemnified with regard to any
action brought by or in the right of the corporation for breach of
duty to the corporation and its shareholders (i) for acts or
omissions involving intentional misconduct or knowing and culpable
violation of law; (ii) for acts or omissions that the director or
officer believes to be contrary to the best interests of the
corporation or its shareholders or that involve the absence of good
faith on the part of the director or officer; (iii) for any
transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper
personal benefit; (iv) for acts or omissions that show a reckless
disregard for the director's or officer's duty to the corporation or
its shareholders in circumstances in which the director or officer
was aware, or should have been aware, in the ordinary course of
performing his or her duties, of a risk of serious injury to the
corporation or its shareholders; (v) for acts or omissions that
constitute an unexcused pattern of inattention that amounts to an
abdication of the director's or officer's duties to the corporation
or its shareholders; and (vi) for costs, charges, expenses,
liabilities and losses arising under Section 310 or 316 of the CGCL.
The right to indemnification conferred in this Section 15 shall be a
contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the
corporation expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance
of its final disposition; provided, however, that if the CGCL
permits the payment of such expenses incurred by a director or
officer in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in
any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such
person while a director or officer, including, without limitation,
service to an employee benefit plan) in advance of the final
disposition of a proceeding, such advances shall be made only upon
delivery to the corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of
such director or officer, to repay all amounts to the corporation if
it shall be ultimately determined that such person is not entitled
to be indemnified.
(b) Indemnification of Employees and Agents. A person who was
or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved
in any proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was an
employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the
request of the corporation as an employee or agent of another
enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit
plans, whether the basis of such action is an alleged action or
inaction in an official capacity or in any other capacity while
serving as an employee or agent, may, subject to the terms of any
agreement between the corporation and such person, be indemnified
and held harmless by the corporation to the fullest extent permitted
by California law and the corporation's Articles of Incorporation,
against all costs, charges, expenses, liabilities and losses
(including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or
penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably
incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith. The
immediately preceding sentence is not intended to be and shall not
be considered to confer a contract right on any employee or agent
(other than directors and officers) of the corporation.
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(c) Right of Directors and Officers to Bring Suit. If a claim
under Paragraph (a) of this Section 15 is not paid in full by the
corporation within 30 days after a written claim has been received
by the corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring
suit against the corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the
claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall
also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim.
Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of
Directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) to have
made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that
indemnification of the claimant is permissible in the circumstances
because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct, if
any, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its
Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders)
that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct,
shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption for the
purpose of an action that the claimant has not met the applicable
standard of conduct.
(d) Successful Defense. Notwithstanding any other provision of
this Section 15, to the extent that a director or officer has been
successful on the merits or otherwise (including the dismissal of an
action without prejudice or the settlement of a proceeding or action
without admission of liability) in defense of any proceeding
referred to in paragraph (a) of this Section 15 or in defense of any
claim, issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified
against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably
incurred in connection therewith.
(e) Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The right to indemnification
provided by this Section 15 shall not be exclusive of any other
right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any
statute, bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested
directors or otherwise.
(f) Insurance. The corporation may maintain insurance, at its
expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or
agent of the corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or
loss, whether or not the corporation would have the power to
indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under
the CGCL.
(g) Expenses as a Witness. To the extent that any director or
officer or former director or former officer of the corporation is
by reason of such position or former position, or a position with
another entity at the request of the corporation, a witness in any
action, suit or proceeding, he or she shall be indemnified against
all costs and expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or
her on his or her behalf in connection therewith.
(h) Indemnity Agreements. The corporation may enter into
agreements with any director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation
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providing for indemnification to the fullest extent permissible
under the CGCL and the corporation's Articles of Incorporation.
(i) Separability. Each and every paragraph, sentence, term and
provision of this Section 15 is separate and distinct so that if any
paragraph, sentence, term or provision hereof shall be held to be
invalid or unenforceable for any reason, such invalidity or
unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforceability of
any other paragraph, sentence, term or provision hereof. To the
extent required, any paragraph, sentence, term or provision of this
Section 15 may be modified by a court of competent jurisdiction to
preserve its validity and to provide the claimant with, subject to
the limitations set forth in this Section 15 and any agreement
between the corporation and claimant, the broadest possible
indemnification permitted under applicable law.
(j) Effect of Repeal or Modification. Any repeal or
modification of this Section 15 shall not adversely affect any right
of indemnification of a director or officer existing at the time of
such repeal or modification with respect to any action or omission
occurring prior to such repeal or modification.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
SECTION 1. OFFICERS. The officers of the corporation shall be a
president, a secretary and a chief financial officer. The corporation may also
have, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a chairman of the Board, a
chief executive officer, one or more vice presidents, one or more assistant
secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, and such other officers as may be
appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of this Article. One
person may hold two or more offices, except that the offices of president and
secretary shall not be held by the same person.
SECTION 2. ELECTION. The officers of the corporation, except such
officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 or
Section 5 of this Article, shall be chosen annually by the Board of Directors,
and each shall hold office until he or she shall resign or shall be removed or
otherwise disqualified to serve, or his or her successor shall be elected and
qualified.
SECTION 3. SUBORDINATE OFFICERS, ETC. The Board of Directors may
appoint, and may empower the president to appoint, such other officers as the
business of the corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office, for
such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are provided in
these Bylaws or as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.
SECTION 4. REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION. Any officer may be removed,
either with or without cause, by the Board of Directors, at any regular or
special meeting thereof, or, except in case of an officer chosen by the Board of
Directors, by any officer upon whom such power of
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removal may be conferred by the Board of Directors (subject, in each case, to
the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment).
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
Board of Directors or the president, or to the secretary of the corporation,
without prejudice, however, to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any
contract to which the officer is a party. Any such resignation shall take effect
at the date of receipt of such notice or at any time specified therein. Unless
otherwise specified therein, acceptance of such resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective.
SECTION 5. VACANCIES. A vacancy in any office because of death,
resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause shall be filled in the
manner prescribed in these Bylaws for regular appointments to such office.
SECTION 6. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The chairman of the Board, if
there shall be such an officer, shall, if present, preside at all meetings of
the Board of Directors and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as
may be from time to time assigned by the Board of Directors or prescribed by
these Bylaws.
SECTION 7. PRESIDENT. Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as
may be given by the Board of Directors to the chairman of the Board or the chief
executive officer, if there shall be such an officer or officers, the president
shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall, subject to
the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction and
control of the business and affairs of the corporation. The president shall
preside at all meetings of the shareholders and, in the absence of the chairman
of the Board, or if there be none, at all meetings of the Board of Directors.
The president shall be ex officio a member of all the standing committees,
including the executive committee, if any, and shall have the general powers and
duties of management usually vested in the office of president of a corporation,
and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by these Bylaws
or the Board of Directors.
SECTION 8. VICE PRESIDENT. In the absence or disability of the
president, the vice presidents in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of
Directors or, if not ranked, the vice president designated by the Board of
Directors, shall perform all the duties of the president, and when so acting
shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time
may be prescribed for them respectively by the Board of Directors or these
Bylaws.
SECTION 9. SECRETARY. The secretary shall record or cause to be
recorded, and shall keep or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office
and such other place as the Board of Directors may order, a book of minutes of
actions taken at all meetings of directors and shareholders, with the time and
place of holding, whether regular or special, and, if special, how authorized,
the notice given thereof, the names of those present at directors' meetings, the
number of shares present or represented at shareholders' meetings, and the
proceedings thereof.
The secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal
executive office or at the office of the corporation's transfer agent, a share
register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of the shareholders
and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held
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by each, the number and date of certificates issued for the same, and the number
and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.
The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all
meetings of shareholders and of the Board of Directors required by these Bylaws
or by law to be given, and shall keep the seal of the corporation in safe
custody, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may
be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws.
SECTION 10. CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. The chief financial officer
shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and
correct accounts of the properties and business transactions of the corporation,
including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains,
losses, capital, surplus and shares. Any surplus, including earned surplus,
paid-in surplus, and surplus arising from a reduction of stated capital, shall
be classified according to source and shown in a separate account. The books of
account shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection by any director.
The chief financial officer shall deposit all monies and other
valuables in the name and to the credit of the corporation with such
depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The chief financial
officer shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the
Board of Directors, shall render to the president and directors, whenever they
request it, an account of all his or her transactions as chief financial officer
and of the financial condition of the corporation, and shall have such other
powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of
Directors or these Bylaws.
ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 1. RECORD DATE. The Board of Directors may fix a time in the
future as a record date for the determination of the shareholders entitled to
notice of and to vote at any meeting of shareholders or, subject to any
provision of the Articles of Incorporation, entitled to give consent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting, to receive any report, to receive
any dividend or distribution, or any allotment of rights, or to exercise rights
in respect to any change, conversion or exchange of shares. The record date so
fixed shall be not more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days prior
to the date of any meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other
event for the purposes of which it is fixed. When a record date is so fixed,
only shareholders of record on that date are entitled to notice of and to vote
at any such meeting, to give consent without a meeting, to receive any report,
to receive a dividend, distribution or allotment of rights, or to exercise the
rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the
books of the corporation after the record date, except as otherwise may be
provided in the Articles of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
SECTION 2. INSPECTION OF CORPORATE RECORDS. The accounting books and
records and minutes of proceedings of the shareholders and of the Board of
Directors and committees of the Board of this corporation and any subsidiary of
this corporation shall be open to inspection upon the written demand on the
corporation of any shareholder or the holder of a voting trust certificate at
any reasonable time during regular business hours, for a purpose
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reasonably related to such holder's interests as a shareholder or as the holder
of such voting trust certificate. Such inspection by a shareholder or holder of
a voting trust certificate may be made in person or by agent or attorney, and
the right of inspection includes the right to copy and make extracts.
A shareholder or shareholders holding at least five percent (5%) in
the aggregate of the outstanding voting shares of the corporation or who hold at
least one percent (1%) of such voting shares and have filed a Schedule 14B with
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the election of
directors of the corporation shall have (in person, or by agent or attorney) the
right to inspect and copy the record of shareholders' names and addresses and
shareholdings during usual business hours upon five (5) business days' prior
written demand upon the corporation, and to obtain from the transfer agent for
the corporation, if there be one, upon written demand and upon the tender of its
usual charges, a list of the shareholders' names and addresses who are entitled
to vote for the election of directors, and their shareholdings, as of the most
recent record date for which it has been compiled or as of a date subsequent to
the date of demand specified by the shareholder therein. The list shall be made
available on or before the later of five (5) business days after receipt of the
demand or the date specified therein as of which the list is to be compiled.
Every director shall have the absolute right at any reasonable time
to inspect and copy all books, records and documents of every kind and to
inspect the physical properties of the corporation. Such inspection by a
director may be made in person or by agent or attorney, and the right of
inspection includes the right to copy and make extracts.
SECTION 3. CHECKS, DRAFTS, ETC. All checks, drafts or other orders
for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, issued in
the name of or payable to this corporation, shall be signed or endorsed by such
person or persons and in such manner as, from time to time, shall be determined
by resolution of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 4. ANNUAL REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS. The annual report to
shareholders referred to in Section 1501 of the CGCL is expressly waived, but
nothing herein shall be interpreted as prohibiting the Board from issuing annual
or other periodic reports to the shareholders.
A shareholder of shareholders holding at least five percent (5%) of
the outstanding shares of any class of stock of the corporation may make a
written request to the corporation for an income statement of the corporation
for the three-month, six-month or nine-month period of the current fiscal year
ended more than thirty (30) days prior to the date of the request and a balance
sheet of the corporation as of the end of any such period, and, in addition, if
no annual report for the last fiscal year containing an income statement and
balance sheet for and as of the end of such fiscal year has been sent to
shareholders, such an income statement and balance sheet for the prior fiscal
year. The corporation shall use its best efforts to deliver the statement or
statements requested to the person making such request within thirty days after
the receipt thereof. A copy of any such statements shall be kept on file in the
principal executive office of the corporation for twelve (12) months, and they
shall be exhibited at all reasonable times to any shareholder demanding an
examination of them or a copy thereof shall be mailed to such shareholder.
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The corporation shall, upon the written request of any shareholder,
mail to the shareholder a copy of the last annual, semi-annual or quarterly
income statement which it has prepared, together with a balance sheet as of the
end of the same period. The financial statements referred to in this Section
shall be accompanied by the report thereon, if there be any, of any independent
accountants engaged by the corporation in respect thereof or, if there be no
such report, the certificate of an authorized officer of the corporation that
such financial statements were prepared without audit from the books and records
of the corporation.
SECTION 5. CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES. Every holder of shares in the
corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed in the name of the
corporation by the chairman or vice chairman of the Board or the president or
any vice president and by the chief financial officer or an assistant treasurer
or the secretary or any assistant secretary, certifying the number of shares and
the class or series of shares owned by the shareholder. Any of the signatures on
the certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or
registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a
certificate shall have ceased to be an officer, transfer agent or registrar
before such certificate is issued, it may nevertheless be issued by the
corporation with the same effect as if such person were an officer, transfer
agent or registrar at the date of issue. Any such certificate shall also contain
such legend or other statement as may be required by Section 418 of the CGCL,
the Corporate Securities Law of 1968, the federal securities laws, these Bylaws,
and any agreement between the corporation and the issuee thereof.
Certificates for shares may be issued prior to full payment under
such restrictions and for such purposes as the Board of Directors or these
Bylaws may provide; provided, however, that any such certificate so issued prior
to full payment shall state on the face thereof the amount remaining unpaid and
the terms of payment thereof.
No new certificate for shares shall be issued in lieu of an old
certificate unless the latter is surrendered and cancelled at the same time;
provided, however, that a new certificate will be issued without surrender and
cancellation of the old certificate if (1) the old certificate is lost,
apparently destroyed or wrongfully taken; (2) the request for issuance of a new
certificate is made within a reasonable time after the owner of the old
certificate has notice of its loss, destruction or theft; (3) the request for
issuance of a new certificate is made prior to the receipt of notice by the
corporation that the old certificate has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser;
(4) the owner of the old certificate files a sufficient indemnity bond with or
provides other adequate security to the corporation; and (5) the owner satisfies
any other reasonable requirements imposed by the corporation. In the event of
the issuance of a new certificate, the rights and liabilities of the
corporation, and of the holders of the old and new certificates, shall be
governed by the provisions of Sections 8104 and 8405 of the California Uniform
Commercial Code.
SECTION 6. REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS. The
president or any vice president and the secretary or any assistant secretary of
this corporation are authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of
this corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other
corporation or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The
authority granted to said officers to vote or represent on behalf of this
corporation any and all shares held by this corporation in any other corporation
or corporations may be exercised either by such officers in person or by any
other person authorized so to do by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by
said officers.
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SECTION 7. INSPECTION OF BYLAWS. The corporation shall keep in its
principal executive office in California, or, if its principal executive office
is not in California, then at its principal business office in California (or
otherwise provide upon written request of any shareholder) the original or a
copy of these Bylaws as amended or otherwise altered to date, certified by the
secretary of the corporation, which shall be open to inspection by the
shareholders at all reasonable times during office hours.
SECTION 8. CONSTRUCTION AND DEFINITIONS. Unless the context
otherwise requires, the general provisions, rules of construction and
definitions contained in the CGCL shall govern the construction of these Bylaws.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the masculine gender includes
the feminine and neuter, the singular includes the plural and the plural number
includes the singular, and the term "person" includes a corporation or other
entity as well as a natural person.
ARTICLE VI
AMENDMENTS
SECTION 1. POWER OF SHAREHOLDERS. New bylaws may be adopted or these
Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
outstanding shares entitled to vote, or by the written consent of shareholders
entitled to vote such shares, except as otherwise provided by law or by the
Articles of Incorporation.
SECTION 2. POWER OF DIRECTORS. Subject to the right of the
shareholders as provided in Section 1 of this Article VI to adopt, amend or
repeal bylaws, bylaws, other than a bylaw or amendment thereof increasing or
decreasing the range of the authorized number of directors or changing Article
III, Section 3, may, except as otherwise provided by law or the Articles of
Incorporation, be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors.
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