Exhibit 3.3
AMENDED AND RESTATED
BYLAWS OF
TERREMARK WORLDWIDE, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
The following are the Bylaws ("Bylaws") of TERREMARK WORLDWIDE, INC., a
Delaware corporation (the "Corporation"), effective as of October 1, 2002:
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1.01. PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICE. The principal executive
office of the Corporation shall be located at 2601 S. Bayshore Drive, Miami,
Florida 33133. The Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "Board of
Directors") may change the location of said principal executive office.
Section 1.02. OTHER OFFICES. The Corporation may also have an office or
offices at such other place or places, either within or without the State of
Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as the
business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 2.01. ANNUAL MEETINGS. The annual meeting of stockholders of
the Corporation shall be held at a date and at such time as the Board of
Directors shall determine. At each annual meeting of stockholders, directors
shall be elected in accordance with the provisions of Section 3.03 hereof and
any other proper business may be transacted.
Section 2.02. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of stockholders for
any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by a majority of the Board of
Directors, by the Chairman of the Board or, by the President. Special meetings
may not be called by any other person or persons. Each special meeting shall be
held at such date and time as is requested by the person or persons calling the
meeting, within the limits fixed by law.
Section 2.03. PLACE OF MEETINGS. Each annual or special meeting of
stockholders shall be held at such location as may be determined by the Board of
Directors or, if no such determination is made, at such place as may be
determined by the Chairman of the Board. If no location is so determined, any
annual or special meeting shall be held at the principal executive office of the
Corporation.
Section 2.04. NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS. Written notice of each
annual or special meeting of stockholders stating the date and time when, and
the place where, it is to be held shall be delivered either personally or by
mail to stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10) nor
more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting. The purpose or
purposes for which the meeting is called may, in the case of an annual meeting,
and shall, in the case of a special meeting, also be stated. If mailed, notice
is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to
the stockholder at his address as it shall appear on the stock books of the
Corporation, unless he shall have filed with the Secretary of the Corporation a
written request that notices intended for him be mailed to some other address,
in which case such notice shall be mailed to the address designated in such
request.
Section 2.05. NOTICE REQUIREMENTS FOR DIRECTOR NOMINATIONS AND
STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS.
(a) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures
set forth in these Bylaws shall be eligible to serve as directors. Nominations
of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation may be made
at a meeting of stockholders (i) by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of
record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 2.05, who
shall be entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting and who
complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.05.
(b) Nominations by stockholders shall be made pursuant to timely notice
in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's
notice shall be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive
office of the Corporation (i) in the case of an annual meeting, not less than 90
days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the
notice of preceding year's annual meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that in the event
that the date of the annual meeting is changed by more than 30 days from such
anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not
later than the close of business on the tenth day following the earlier of the
day on which notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or public disclosure
was made, and (ii) in the case of a special meeting at which directors are to be
elected, not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the
earlier of the day on which notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or
public disclosure was made.
(c) Such stockholder's notice shall set forth (i) as to each person
whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a
director all information relating to such person that is required to be
disclosed in solicitations of proxies for elections of directors, or is
otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (including such person's written consent to
being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if
elected); (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice (A) the name and address,
as they appear on the Corporation's books, of such stockholder and (B) the class
and number of shares of the Corporation which are owned beneficially and of
record by such stockholder of record and by the beneficial owner, if any, on
whose behalf the nomination is made; and (iii) as to the beneficial owner, if
any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (A) the name and address of such
person and (B) the class and number of shares of the Corporation which are
beneficially owned by such person. At the request of the Board of Directors, any
person nominated by the Board of Directors for election as a director shall
furnish to the Secretary of the Corporation that information required to be set
forth in a stockholder's notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee.
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(d) At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall
be conducted as shall have been brought before the meeting (i) pursuant to the
Corporation's notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors or (iii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of
record at the time of giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.05,
who shall be entitled to vote at such meeting and who complies with the notice
procedures set forth in this Section 2.05.
(e) For business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a
stockholder pursuant to clause (iii) of paragraph (d) of this Section 2.05 the
stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of
the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be delivered to or
mailed and received at the principal executive office of the Corporation not
less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the
date of the notice of the preceding year's annual meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER,
that in the event that the date of the meeting is changed by more than 30 days
from such anniversary date, to be timely, notice by the stockholder must be
received no later than the close of business on the tenth day following the
earlier of the day on which notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or
public disclosure was made. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set
forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting (i)
a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting and
the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting, (ii) the name and
address, as they appear on the Corporation's books, of the stockholder proposing
such business, and the name and address of the beneficial owner, if any, on
whose behalf the proposal is made, (iii) the class and number of shares of the
Corporation which are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder of
record and by the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made
and (iv) any material interest of such stockholder of record and the beneficial
owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made in such business.
(f) Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no
business shall be conducted at an annual meeting except in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section 2.05. Additionally, no person shall be
eligible to serve as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in
accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.05. The chairman of
the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting
that (1) the business was not properly brought before the meeting and in
accordance with the procedures prescribed by this Section 2.05 or (2) a
nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these
Bylaws. If the chairman of the meeting should so determine, he or she shall so
declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the
meeting shall not be transacted or the defective nomination shall be
disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.05, a
stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder with
respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.05.
Section 2.06. CONDUCT OF MEETINGS. All actual and special meetings of
stockholders shall be conducted in accordance with such rules and procedures as
the Board of Directors may determine subject to the requirements of applicable
law and, as to matters not governed by such rules and procedures, as the
chairman of such meeting shall determine. The chairman of any annual or special
meeting of stockholders shall be the Chairman of the Board.
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The Secretary, or in the absence of the Secretary, a person designated by the
Chairman of the Board, shall act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 2.07. QUORUM. At any meeting of stockholders of the
Corporation, the presence, in person or by proxy, of the holders of record of a
majority of the shares then issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the
meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that this Section 2.07 shall not affect any different requirement which
may exist under statute, pursuant to the rights of any authorized class or
series of stock, or under the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation,
as amended or restated from time to time (the "Certificate of Incorporation"),
for the vote necessary for the adoption of any measure governed thereby. The
stockholders present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is
present may continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding the
withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action
taken (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the shares
required to constitute a quorum.
In the absence of a quorum, the stockholders present in person or by
proxy, by majority vote and without further notice, may adjourn the meeting from
time to time until a quorum is attained, but in the absence of a quorum, no
other business may be transacted at that meeting, except as provided in this
section. At any reconvened meeting following such adjournment at which a quorum
shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been
transacted at the meeting as originally notified.
Section 2.08. VOTES REQUIRED. The affirmative vote of a majority of the
shares present in person or represented by proxy at a duly called meeting of
stockholders of the Corporation, at which a quorum is present and entitled to
vote on the subject matter, shall be sufficient to take or authorize action upon
any matter which may properly come before the meeting, except that the election
of directors shall be by plurality vote, unless the vote of a greater or
different number thereof is required by statute, by the rights of any authorized
class of stock or by the Certificate of Incorporation.
Unless the Certificate of Incorporation or a resolution of the Board of
Directors adopted in connection with the issuance of shares of any class or
series of stock provides for a greater or lesser number of votes per share, or
limits or denies voting rights, each outstanding share of stock, regardless of
class or series, shall be entitled to one (1) vote on each matter submitted to a
vote at a meeting of stockholders.
Section 2.09. PROXIES. Every person entitled to vote for directors or
on any other matter shall have the right to do so either in person or by one or
more agents authorized by a written proxy signed by the person and filed with
the Secretary of the Corporation. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the
stockholder's name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature,
typewriting, telegraphic transmission, or otherwise) by the stockholder or the
stockholder's attorney in fact. A validly executed proxy which does not state
that it is irrevocable shall continue in full force and effect unless (i)
revoked by the person executing it, before the vote pursuant to that proxy, by a
writing delivered to the Corporation stating that the proxy is revoked, or by a
subsequent proxy executed by, or as to any meeting by attendance at such meeting
and voting in person by, the person executing the proxy; or (ii) written notice
of the death or incapacity of the maker of that proxy is received by the
Corporation before the vote
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pursuant to that proxy is counted; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no proxy shall be
valid after the expiration of three (3) years from the date of the proxy, unless
otherwise provided in the proxy.
A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is
irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest
sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A proxy may be made
irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an
interest in the stock itself or an interest in the Corporation generally.
Section 2.10. NO STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT. Unless
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, and subject to the
rights, if any, of the holders, if any, of Preferred Stock to take action by
written consent, any action required or permitted to be taken by the
stockholders of the Corporation must be effected at an annual or special meeting
of stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected by any consent in
writing by such stockholders.
Section 2.11. RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE AND VOTING. For
purposes of determining the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting or to
vote or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or
allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful
action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall
not be more than sixty (60) days nor fewer than ten (10) days before the date of
any such meeting nor more than sixty (60) days before any such other action, and
in this event only stockholders at the close of business on the record date are
entitled to notice or to vote, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer
of any shares on the books of the Corporation after the record date, except as
otherwise provided in the Delaware General Corporate Laws.
If the Board of Directors does not so fix a record date:
(a) The record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice
of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on
the business day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice
is waived, at the close of business on the business day next preceding the day
on which the meeting is held.
(b) The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose
shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors
adopts the resolution relating thereto.
(c) A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or
to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the
meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record
date for the adjourned meeting.
Section 2.12. LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS. The Secretary of the Corporation
shall prepare and make (or cause to be prepared and made), at least ten (10)
days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders
entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the
address of, and the number of shares registered in the name of, each
stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for
any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period
of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the
city where the meeting is to be held, which
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place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified,
at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced
and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the duration thereof, and
may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.
Section 2.13. VOTING. The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting
of stockholders shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section
2.12. The stockholders' vote may be by voice vote or by ballot. Any stockholder
may vote part of the shares in favor of the proposal and refrain from voting the
remaining shares or vote them against the proposal, but, if the stockholder
fails to specify the number of shares which the stockholder is voting
affirmatively, it will be conclusively presumed that the stockholder's approving
vote is with respect to all shares that the stockholder is entitled to vote.
Section 2.14. WAIVER OF NOTICE OR CONSENT BY ABSENT STOCKHOLDERS. The
transactions of any meeting of stockholders, either annual or special, however
called and noticed, and wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a
meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum be present either
in person or by proxy, and if, either before or after the meeting, each person
entitled to vote, who was not present in person or by proxy, signs a written
waiver of notice or a consent to a holding of the meeting, or an approval of the
minutes. The waiver of notice, consent or approval need not specify either the
business to be transacted or the purpose of any annual or special meeting of
stockholders. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall be filed with the
corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. Attendance by a
person at a meeting shall also constitute a waiver of notice of that meeting,
except when the person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting
and objects, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, and except that
attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of any right to object to the
consideration of matters required by law to be included in the notice of the
meeting but not so included if that objection is expressly made at the meeting.
Section 2.15. INSPECTORS OF ELECTION. In advance of any meeting of
stockholders, the Board of Directors shall appoint Inspectors of Election to act
at such meeting or at any adjournment or adjournments thereof. If such
Inspectors are not so appointed or fail or refuse to act, the chairman of any
such meeting may (and, upon the demand of any stockholder or stockholder's
proxy, shall) make such an appointment.
The number of Inspectors of Election shall be one (1) or three (3). If
there are three (3) Inspectors of Election, the decision, act or certificate of
a majority shall be effective and shall represent the decision, act or
certificate of all. No such Inspector need be a stockholder of the Corporation.
Subject to any provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the
Inspectors of Election shall determine the number of shares outstanding, the
voting power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a
quorum and the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies; they shall receive
votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions in
any way arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all
votes or consents, determine when the polls shall close and determine the
result; and finally, they shall do such acts as may be proper to conduct the
election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. On request, the Inspectors
of Election shall make a report in writing to the secretary of the meeting
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concerning any challenge, question or other matter as may have been determined
by them and shall execute and deliver to such secretary a certificate of any
fact found by them.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 3.01. POWERS. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall
be managed by and be under the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors shall exercise all the powers of the Corporation, except those that
are conferred upon or reserved to the stockholders by statute, the Certificate
of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
Section 3.02. NUMBER. The number of directors shall be fixed from time
to time by resolution of the Board of Directors but shall not be less than three
(3) nor more than thirteen (13).
Section 3.03. ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE. The directors shall be
elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section
3.06 of this Article, and each director shall hold office for the term for which
he is elected and until his successor is elected and qualified. Directors need
not be residents of the State of Delaware, stockholders of the Corporation or
citizens of the United States. Unless provided otherwise by law, any director
may be removed at any time, with or without cause, at a special meeting of the
stockholders called for that purpose.
Section 3.04. ELECTION OF CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. At the organizational
meeting immediately following the annual meeting of stockholders, the directors
shall elect a Chairman of the Board from among the directors who shall hold
office until the corresponding meeting of the Board of Directors in the next
year and until his successor shall have been elected or until his earlier
resignation or removal. Any vacancy in such office may be filled for the
unexpired portion of the term in the same manner by the Board of Directors at
any regular or special meeting.
Section 3.05. REMOVAL. Any director may be removed from office only as
provided in the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 3.06. VACANCIES AND ADDITIONAL DIRECTORSHIPS. Except as the
Delaware General Corporate Laws may otherwise require, and subject to the rights
of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock with respect to the filling of
vacancies or new directorships in the Board of Directors, newly created
directorships resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or
other cause shall be filled solely by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board
of Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence
shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors
in which the new directorship was created or the vacancy occurred and until such
director's successor shall have been elected and qualified. No decrease in the
number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term
of any incumbent director.
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Section 3.07. REGULAR AND SPECIAL MEETINGS. Regular meetings of the
Board of Directors shall be held immediately following the annual meeting of the
stockholders; without call at such time as shall from time to time be fixed by
the Board of Directors; and as called by the Chairman of the Board in accordance
with applicable law.
Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held upon call by
or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board, the President or any two (2)
directors, except that when the Board of Directors consists of one (1) director,
then the one director may call a special meeting. Except as otherwise required
by law, notice of each special meeting shall be mailed to each director,
addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, at least three
days before the day on which the meeting is to be held, or shall be sent to him
at such place by telex, telegram, cable, facsimile transmission or telephoned or
delivered to him personally, not later than the day before the day on which the
meeting is to be held. Such notice shall state the time and place of such
meeting, but need not state the purpose or purposes thereof, unless otherwise
required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
Notice of any meeting need not be given to any director who shall
attend such meeting in person (except when the person attends a meeting for the
express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened) or who shall waive notice thereof, before or after such meeting, in a
signed writing.
Section 3.08. QUORUM. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a
majority of the fixed number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business, except that when the Board of Directors consists of one
(1) director, then the one director shall constitute a quorum. In the absence of
a quorum, the directors present, by majority vote and without notice other than
by announcement, may adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall
be present. At any reconvened meeting following such an adjournment at which a
quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been
transacted at the meeting as originally notified.
Section 3.09. VOTES REQUIRED. Except as otherwise provided by
applicable law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the vote of a majority of
the directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall
be sufficient to pass any measure.
Section 3.10. PLACE AND CONDUCT OF MEETINGS. Each regular meeting and
special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held at a location determined
as follows: The Board of Directors may designate any place, within or without
the State of Delaware, for the holding of any meeting. If no such designation is
made: (a) any meeting called by a majority of the directors shall be held at
such location, within the county of the Corporation's principal executive
office, as the directors calling the meeting shall designate; and (b) any other
meeting shall be held at such location, within the county of the Corporation's
principal executive office, as the Chairman of the Board may designate or, in
the absence of such designation, at the Corporation's principal executive
office. Subject to the requirements of applicable law, all regular and special
meetings of the Board of Directors shall be conducted in accordance with such
rules and procedures as the Board of Directors may approve and, as to matters
not governed by such rules and procedures, as the chairman of such meeting shall
determine. The chairman of
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any regular or special meeting shall be the Chairman of the Board, or, in his
absence, a person designated by the Board of Directors. The Secretary, or, in
the absence of the Secretary, a person designated by the chairman of the meeting
shall act as secretary of the meeting. Any meeting, regular or special, may be
held by conference telephone or similar communication equipment, so long as all
directors participating in the meeting can hear one another, and all such
directors shall be deemed to be present in person at the meeting.
Section 3.11. FEES AND COMPENSATION. Directors shall be paid such
compensation as may be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of
Directors: (a) for their usual and contemplated services as directors; (b) for
their services as members of committees appointed by the Board of Directors,
including attendance at committee meetings as well as services which may be
required when committee members must consult with management staff; and (c) for
extraordinary services as directors or as members of committees appointed by the
Board of Directors, over and above those services for which compensation is
fixed pursuant to items (a) and (b) in this Section 3.11. Compensation may be in
the form of an annual retainer fee or a fee for attendance at meetings, or both,
or in such other form or on such basis as the resolutions of the Board of
Directors shall fix. Directors shall be reimbursed for all reasonable expenses
incurred by them in attending meetings of the Board of Directors and committees
appointed by the Board of Directors and in performing compensable extraordinary
services. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to preclude any director
from serving the Corporation in any other capacity, such as an officer, agent,
employee, consultant or otherwise, and receiving compensation therefor.
Section 3.12. COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. To the full extent
permitted by applicable law, the Board of Directors may from time to time
establish committees, including, but not limited to, standing or special
committees and an executive committee with authority and responsibility for
bookkeeping, with authority to act as signatories on Corporation bank or similar
accounts and with authority to choose attorneys for the Corporation and direct
litigation strategy, which shall have such duties and powers as are authorized
by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors. Committee members, and the
chairman of each committee, shall be appointed by the Board of Directors. The
Chairman of the Board, in conjunction with the several committee chairmen, shall
make recommendations to the Board of Directors for its final action concerning
members to be appointed to the several committees of the Board of Directors. Any
member of any committee may be removed at any time with or without cause by the
Board of Directors. Vacancies which occur on any committee shall be filled by a
resolution of the Board of the Directors. If any vacancy shall occur in any
committee by reason of death, resignation, disqualification, removal or
otherwise, the remaining members of such committee, so long as a quorum is
present, may continue to act until such vacancy is filled by the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, at any time deemed
desirable, discontinue any standing or special committee. Members of standing
committees, and their chairmen, shall be elected yearly at the regular meeting
of the Board of Directors which is held immediately following the annual meeting
of stockholders. The provisions of Sections 3.07, 3.08, 3.09 and 3.10 of these
Bylaws shall apply, MUTATIS MUTANDIS, to any such Committee of the Board of
Directors.
Section 3.13. WAIVER OF NOTICE. The transactions of any meeting of the
Board of Directors, however called and noticed or wherever held, shall be as
valid as though had at a
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meeting duly held after regular call and notice if a quorum is present and if,
either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present signs a
written waiver of notice, a consent to holding the meeting or an approval of the
minutes. The waiver of notice or consent need not specify the purpose of the
meeting. All such waivers, consents, and approvals shall be filed with the
corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. Notice of a
meeting shall also be deemed given to any director who attends the meeting
without protesting, before or at its commencement, the lack of notice to that
director.
Section 3.14. ADJOURNMENT. A majority of the directors present, whether
or not constituting a quorum, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place.
Section 3.15. NOTICE OF ADJOURNMENT. Notice of the time and place of
holding an adjourned meeting need not be given to absent directors if the time
and place are fixed at the meeting adjourned.
Section 3.16. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. Any action required or permitted
to be taken by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken
without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors shall individually
or collectively consent in writing to that action. Such action by written
consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote of the Board of
Directors. Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of
the proceedings of the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 4.01. DESIGNATION, ELECTION AND TERM OF OFFICE. The Corporation
shall have a Chairman of the Board, a President, a Treasurer, such senior vice
presidents and vice presidents as the Board of Directors deems appropriate, a
Secretary and such other officers as the Board of Directors may deem
appropriate. These officers shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors
at the organizational meeting immediately following the annual meeting of
stockholders, and each such officer shall hold office until the corresponding
meeting of the Board of Directors in the next year and until his successor shall
have been elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation, death or
removal. Any vacancy in any of the above offices may be filled for the unexpired
portion of the term by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting.
Any number of offices may be held by the same person in accordance with section
4.08 herein.
Section 4.02. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Chairman of the Board of
Directors shall preside at all meetings of the directors and shall have such
other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board
of Directors.
Section 4.03. PRESIDENT. The President shall be the chief executive
officer of the Corporation and shall, subject to the power of the Board of
Directors, have general supervision, direction and control of the business and
affairs of the Corporation. He shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders
and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, at all meetings of the
directors. He shall have the general powers and duties of management usually
vested in the
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office of president of a corporation, and shall have such other duties as may be
assigned to him from time to time by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.04. TREASURER. The Treasurer shall keep and maintain, or
cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of
account of the properties and business transactions of the Corporation,
including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains,
losses, capital, retained earnings and shares. The books of account shall at all
reasonable times be open to inspection by the directors. The Treasurer shall
deposit all moneys and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the
Corporation with such depositories as may be designated by the Board of
Directors. He shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by
the Board of Directors, shall render to the President and directors, whenever
they request it, an account of all of his transactions as the Treasurer and of
the financial condition of the Corporation, and shall have such other powers and
perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the
Bylaws.
Section 4.05. SECRETARY. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of the
meetings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and all committees. He
shall be the custodian of the corporate seal and shall affix it to all documents
which he is authorized by law or the Board of Directors to sign and seal. He
also shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him from time to time
by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board or President.
Section 4.06. ASSISTANT OFFICERS. The President may appoint one or more
assistant secretaries and such other assistant officers as the business of the
Corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have
such authority and perform such duties as may be specified from time to time by
the President.
Section 4.07. WHEN DUTIES OF AN OFFICER MAY BE DELEGATED. In the case
of absence or disability of an officer of the Corporation or for any other
reason that may seem sufficient to the Board of Directors, the Board of
Directors or any officer designated by it, or the President, may, for the time
of the absence or disability, delegate such officer's duties and powers to any
other officer of the Corporation.
Section 4.08. OFFICERS HOLDING TWO OR MORE OFFICES. The same person may
hold any two (2) or more of the above-mentioned offices.
Section 4.09. COMPENSATION. The Board of Directors shall have the power
to fix the compensation of all officers and employees of the Corporation.
Section 4.10. RESIGNATIONS. Any officer may resign at any time by
giving written notice to the Board of Directors, to the President, or to the
Secretary of the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time
specified therein unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors. The
acceptance of a resignation by the Corporation shall not be necessary to make it
effective.
Section 4.11. REMOVAL. Any officer of the Corporation may be removed,
with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board
of Directors. Any assistant officer of the Corporation may be removed, with or
without cause, by the President or by the Board of Directors.
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ARTICLE V
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND OTHER CORPORATE AGENTS
Section 5.01. ACTION, ETC., OTHER THAN BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE
CORPORATION. The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or
is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action,
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
(other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the
fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the
Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a
director, officer, employee, trustee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (all such persons being
referred to hereinafter as an "Agent"), against expenses (including attorneys'
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted
in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to
the best interests of the Corporation, and with respect to any criminal action
or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The
termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement,
conviction, or upon a plea of NOLO CONTENDERE or its equivalent, shall not, of
itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a
manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or
proceeding, that he had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was
unlawful.
Section 5.02. ACTION, ETC., BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE CORPORATION. The
Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to
be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in
the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the
fact that he is or was an Agent against expenses (including attorneys' fees)
actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or
settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any
claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be
liable to the Corporation by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion
of all appeals therefrom, unless and only to the extent that the court in which
such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite
the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case,
such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses
which such court shall deem proper.
Section 5.03. DETERMINATION OF RIGHT OF INDEMNIFICATION. Any
indemnification under Sections 5.01 or 5.02 (unless ordered by a court) shall be
made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a
determination that indemnification of the Agent is proper in the circumstances
because the Agent has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in
Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof, which determination is made (a) by the Board of
Directors, by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not
parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (b) if such a quorum is not
obtainable, or, even if obtainable, if a quorum of disinterested directors so
directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (c) by the
stockholders.
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Section 5.04. INDEMNIFICATION AGAINST EXPENSES OF SUCCESSFUL PARTY.
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article V, to the extent that an
Agent has been successful on the merits or otherwise, including the dismissal of
an action without prejudice or the settlement of an action without admission of
liability, in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Sections
5.01 or 5.02 hereof, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such
Agent shall be indemnified against expenses, including attorneys' fees actually
and reasonably incurred by such Agent in connection therewith.
Section 5.05. ADVANCES OF EXPENSES. Except as limited by Section 5.06
of this Article V, expenses incurred by an Agent in defending any civil or
criminal action, suit, or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance
of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding, if the Agent shall
undertake to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such
person is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized in this Article V.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no advance shall be made by the Corporation if a
determination is reasonably and promptly made by the Board of Directors by a
majority vote of a quorum of disinterested directors, or (if such a quorum is
not obtainable or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so
directs) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that, based upon the
facts known to the Board of Directors or counsel at the time such determination
is made, such person acted in bad faith and in a manner that such person did not
believe to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the Corporation, or,
with respect to any criminal proceeding, that such person believed or had
reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.
Section 5.06. RIGHT OF AGENT TO INDEMNIFICATION UPON APPLICATION;
PROCEDURE UPON APPLICATION. Any indemnification or advance under this Article V
shall be made promptly, and in any event within ninety (90) days, upon the
written request of the Agent, unless a determination shall be made in the manner
set forth in the second sentence of Subsection 5.05 hereof that such Agent acted
in a manner set forth therein so as to justify the Corporation's not
indemnifying or making an advance to the Agent. The right to indemnification or
advances as granted by this Article V shall be enforceable by the Agent in any
court of competent jurisdiction, if the Board of Directors or independent legal
counsel denies the claim, in whole or in part, or if no disposition of such
claim is made within ninety (90) days. The Agent's expenses incurred in
connection with successfully establishing his right to indemnification, in whole
or in part, in any such proceeding shall also be indemnified by the Corporation.
Section 5.07. OTHER RIGHTS AND REMEDIES. The indemnification and
advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article V
shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which an Agent seeking
indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any Bylaw,
agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as
to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while
holding such office, and shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or
ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be an Agent and shall inure
to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. All
rights to indemnification under this Article V shall be deemed to be provided by
a contract between the Corporation and the Agent who serves in such capacity at
any time while these Bylaws and other relevant provisions of the Delaware
General Corporation Law and other applicable law, if any, are in effect. Any
repeal or modification thereof shall not affect any rights or obligations then
existing.
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Section 5.08. INSURANCE. Upon resolution passed by the Board of
Directors, the Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any
person who is or was an Agent against any liability asserted against him and
incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such,
whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him against
such liability under the provisions of this Article V.
Section 5.09. CONSTITUENT CORPORATIONS. For the purposes of this
Article V, references to "the Corporation" shall include, in addition to the
resulting corporation, all constituent corporations (including all constituents
of constituents) absorbed in a consolidation or merger as well as the resulting
or surviving corporation, which, if the separate existence of such constituent
corporation had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its
Agents, so that any Agent of such constituent corporation shall stand in the
same position under the provisions of the Article V with respect to the
resulting or surviving corporation as that Agent would have with respect to such
constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
Section 5.10. OTHER ENTERPRISES, FINES, AND SERVING AT CORPORATION'S
REQUEST. For purposes of this Article V, references to "other enterprises" shall
include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise
taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan; and
references to "serving at the request of the Corporation" shall include any
service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which
imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or
agent with respect to any employee benefit plan, its participants or
beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he
reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries
of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not
opposed to the best interests of the Corporation" as referred to in this Article
V.
Section 5.11. SAVINGS CLAUSE. If this Article V or any portion thereof
shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then
the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Agent as to expenses
(including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement
with respect to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative, and whether internal or external, including a
grand jury proceeding and an action or suit brought by or in the right of the
Corporation, to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this
Article V that shall not have been invalidated, or by any other applicable law.
ARTICLE VI
STOCK
Section 6.01. CERTIFICATES. Except as otherwise provided by law, each
stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate or certificates which shall
represent and certify the number and class (and series, if appropriate) of
shares of stock owned by him in the Corporation. Each certificate shall be
signed in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman of the Board or a
Vice-Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President, together with
the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant
Secretary. Any or all of the signatures on any certificate may be a facsimile.
In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed
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or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have
ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate
is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such
person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
Section 6.02. TRANSFER OF SHARES. Shares of stock shall be transferable
on the books of the Corporation only by the holder thereof, in person or by his
duly authorized attorney, upon the surrender of the certificate representing the
shares to be transferred, properly endorsed, to the Corporation's transfer
agent, if the Corporation has a transfer agent, or to the Corporation's
registrar, if the Corporation has a registrar, or to the Secretary, if the
Corporation has neither a transfer agent nor a registrar. The Board of Directors
shall have power and authority to make such other rules and regulations
concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates of the
Corporation's stock as it may deem expedient.
Section 6.03. TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS. The Corporation may have
one or more transfer agents and one or more registrars of its stock whose
respective duties the Board of Directors or the Secretary may, from time to
time, define. No certificate of stock shall be valid until countersigned by a
transfer agent, if the Corporation has a transfer agent, or until registered by
a registrar, if the Corporation has a registrar. The duties of transfer agent
and registrar may be combined.
Section 6.04. STOCK LEDGERS. Original or duplicate stock ledgers,
containing the names and addresses of the stockholders of the Corporation and
the number of shares of each class of stock held by them, shall be kept at the
principal executive office of the Corporation or at the office of its transfer
agent or registrar.
ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 7.01. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BYLAWS, CERTIFICATE OF
INCORPORATION, AND DELAWARE GENERAL CORPORATE LAW. To the extent that the
Certificate of Incorporation or the Delaware General Corporate Laws grant to any
Person any rights which are restricted under these Bylaws and which are not
permitted to be so restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or the
Delaware General Corporate Laws, than the extent of such right shall be as
stated in the Certificate of Incorporation or the Delaware General Corporate
Laws, as the case may be, and these Bylaws shall be so interpreted.
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