EXHIBIT 3 (d)
AS AMENDED AND RESTATED
MARCH 5, 2004
BY-LAWS
OF
AVATAR HOLDINGS INC.
(a Delaware corporation)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
SECTION 1. Registered Office. The registered office shall be
established and maintained at the office of Corporation Service Company, in the
City of Wilmington, in the County of New Castle, in the State of Delaware, and
said corporation shall be the registered agent of this Corporation in charge
thereof.
SECTION 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may have other offices,
either within or without the State of Delaware, at such place or places as the
Board of Directors may from time to time appoint or the business of the
Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
SECTION 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of stockholders of the
Corporation for the election of Directors and for the transaction of such other
business as may come before the meeting shall be held in each year on such
business day and at such hour as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors. If
the annual meeting is not held at the time so fixed, the Board of Directors
shall cause the meeting to be held as soon thereafter as convenient.
SECTION 2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders for any
purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by law or by the Certificate of
Incorporation, may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board or by
order of the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee of the Board of
Directors, and shall be called by the Chairman of the Board, the President or
the Secretary at the request in writing of a stockholder or stockholders holding
of record at least twenty percent of all the Common Stock of the
Corporation then outstanding and entitled to vote. Special meetings shall be
called by means of a notice as provided for in Section 4 of this Article II.
SECTION 3. Place of Meeting. Each meeting of stockholders shall be held
at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be fixed by the
Board of Directors and specified in the notice or waiver of notice of said
meeting. If no designation is made, the place of the meeting shall be the
principal office of the Corporation in the State of Florida.
SECTION 4. Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law, by
the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, written notice of every
meeting of stockholders shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to
vote at the meeting, not less than ten nor more than sixty days prior to the
date named for the meeting (unless a greater period of notice is required by law
in a particular case), by delivering a written or printed notice thereof to him
personally, or by sending a copy thereof, charges prepaid, through the mail or
transmitted by telex, telegraph or cable to his address appearing on the books
of the Corporation, or supplied by him to the Corporation for the purpose of
notice. If notice is sent through the mail or transmitted by telex, telegraph or
cable, it shall be deemed to have been given to the person entitled thereto when
deposited in the United States mail or with the appropriate office for
transmission to such person. Such notice shall specify the place, date and hour
of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes
for which the meeting is called. Notice of any adjourned meeting of stockholders
shall not be required to be given, except when expressly required by law, by the
Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws. As provided in Article IX of
these By-Laws, any stockholder may waive the requirements of notice provided for
herein.
SECTION 5. Quorum. The holders of shares entitling them to exercise a
majority of the voting power of the Corporation, present in person or by proxy
at any meeting of stockholders, shall constitute a quorum. Once a quorum shall
have been established, the stockholders present at a duly organized meeting may
continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of
sufficient stockholders to leave less than a quorum. If a meeting cannot be
organized because a quorum has not attended, those present in person or
represented by proxy may, except as otherwise provided by law, adjourn the
meeting to such time and place as they determine.
SECTION 6. Adjournments. At any annual or special meeting, the holders
of shares entitling them to exercise a majority of the voting power which is
present in person or by proxy at such meeting, although less than a quorum, may
adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice (except as is
otherwise required by law) other than by announcement at the meeting at which
such adjournment is taken of the time and place of the adjourned meeting. At any
such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be
transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting.
SECTION 7. Voting. Each stockholder of record of Common Stock shall be
entitled at each meeting of stockholders to one vote for each share of Common
Stock registered in
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his name on the books of the Corporation, except as hereinafter stated for the
election of Directors. For all elections of Directors, each stockholder of
record of Common Stock shall be entitled to cast as many votes as equals the
number of Directors to be elected at such election multiplied by the number of
shares of Common Stock owned by such stockholder on the record date. All such
votes may be cast for a single candidate or distributed in any number among any
two or more candidates. Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes
cast by the stockholders present in person or by proxy. Except as otherwise
provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, all
other matters shall be determined by vote of at least a majority of the votes
which all stockholders present in person or by proxy at such meeting are
entitled to cast on such matter. Voting by ballot shall not be required for the
election of Directors or for the transaction of any other corporate business
except as otherwise provided by law.
SECTION 8. Organization. At every meeting of stockholders, the Chairman
of the Board or, in his absence, the Vice Chairman, or in his absence, the
President or, in the absence of any of such officers, a chairman chosen by a
majority vote of stockholders present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote
thereat, shall act as chairman of the meeting. The Secretary, or in his absence
an Assistant Secretary, shall act as secretary at all meetings of stockholders.
In the absence of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, the chairman of the
meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
SECTION 9. List of Stockholders. It shall be the duty of the Secretary
or other officer of the Corporation who shall have charge of its stock ledger,
either directly or through another officer of the Corporation designated by him
or through a transfer agent or transfer clerk appointed by the Board of
Directors, to prepare, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders
for the election of Directors of the Corporation, a complete list of
stockholders entitled to vote thereat, arranged in alphabetical order and
showing the address of each stockholder and number of shares registered in the
name of each stockholder. For said ten days such list shall be open, at the
place where said meeting is to be held or at another place within the city where
the meeting is to be held if such other place is specified in the notice of the
meeting, to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane to the
meeting, and shall be produced and kept at the time and place of said meeting
during the whole time thereof and subject to the inspection of any stockholder
who shall be present thereat. The original or duplicate stock ledger shall be
the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine such list
or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting
of stockholders.
SECTION 10. Business and Order of Business.
(a) Annual Meeting.
No business may be transacted at an annual meeting of
stockholders, other than business that is either (a) specified in the notice of
meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (b) otherwise properly
brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (c)
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otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by any stockholder of the
Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the
notice provided for in this Section 10 and on the record date for the
determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (ii)
who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 10.
In addition to any other applicable requirements, for
business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, such
stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the
Secretary of the Corporation.
To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary
must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices
of the Corporation not less than sixty (60) days nor more than ninety (90) days
prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of
stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is
called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such
anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so
received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following
the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or
such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever
first occurs.
To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice
to the Secretary must set forth as to each matter such stockholder proposes to
bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired
to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such
business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of such
stockholder, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of
the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder,
(iv) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such
stockholder and any other person or persons (including their names) in
connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and any
material interest of such stockholder in such business and (v) a representation
that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual
meeting to bring such business before the meeting.
No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting
of stockholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance
with the procedures set forth in this Section 10, provided, however, that, once
business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with
such procedures, nothing in this Section 10 shall be deemed to preclude
discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the chairman of an annual
meeting determines that business was not properly brought before the annual
meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman shall declare
to the meeting that the business was not properly brought before the meeting and
such business shall not be transacted.
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(b) Special Meeting.
At a special meeting of the stockholders, only such
business shall be conducted as shall be specified in the notice of meeting (or
any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors.
(c) Order of Business.
The order of business at all meetings of stockholders
shall be as determined by the chairman of the meeting.
SECTION 11. Inspectors of Election. In advance of any meeting of
stockholders, the Board of Directors may appoint one or more Inspector(s) of
Election, who need not be stockholders, to act at such meeting or any
adjournment or adjournments thereof. If Inspector(s) of Election are not so
appointed, the chairman of any such meeting may make such appointment at the
meeting. No person who is a candidate for office shall act as an Inspector. In
case any person appointed as an Inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to
act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the Board of Directors in
advance of the convening of the meeting, or at the meeting by the person acting
as chairman. Each Inspector of Election so appointed shall first subscribe an
oath or affirmation faithfully to perform the duties of an Inspector of Election
at such meeting impartially, in good faith, to the best of his ability, and as
expeditiously as is practical. The Inspector(s) of Election shall determine the
number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares
represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the authenticity,
validity and effect of proxies, receive votes or ballots, hear and determine all
challenges and questions in any way arising in connection with the right to
vote, count and tabulate all votes, determine the result, and do such acts as
may be proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders.
On request of the chairman of the meeting, the Inspector(s) of Election shall
make a report in writing of any challenge or question or matter determined by
them, and execute a certificate of any fact found by them.
SECTION 12. Proxies. Every stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of
stockholders or to express consent or dissent without a meeting may authorize
another person or persons (who need not be a stockholder) to act for him by
proxy. Every proxy must be signed by the stockholder or his attorney-in-fact. No
proxy shall be valid after the expiration of three years from the date thereof
unless otherwise provided in the proxy. The authority of the holder of a proxy
to act shall not be revoked by the incompetence or death of the stockholder who
executed the proxy unless, before the authority is exercised, written notice of
an adjudication of such incompetence or of such death is received by the
corporate officer responsible for maintaining the list of stockholders.
SECTION 13. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting. Whenever the
vote of stockholders at a meeting thereof is required or permitted to be taken
for or in connection with any corporate action, the meeting and vote of
stockholders may be dispensed with and the action may be taken without a
meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a
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consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the
holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes
that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which
all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voting. Prompt notice of
the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous
written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in
writing.
ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the
Corporation shall be managed by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 2. Number, Qualification and Term of Office. The Board of
Directors shall consist of no less than eight nor more than fifteen members as
may be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board. As used in these
By-Laws, "whole Board of Directors" means the total number of Directors which
the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies. Directors need not be
stockholders of the Corporation. Except as provided in Section 3 of this Article
III, Directors shall be elected by the stockholders. Each Director shall hold
office until the annual meeting of stockholders next following his election and
until his successor shall be elected and shall qualify, or until such Director's
earlier death, resignation or removal in the manner hereinafter provided.
SECTION 3. Vacancies. Vacancies in the Board of Directors, including
vacancies resulting from an increase in the number of Directors, shall be filled
by a majority of the remaining members of the Board (although less than a
quorum), and each person so elected shall hold office until the next election of
Directors by stockholders and until his successor shall be elected and shall
qualify, or until such Director's earlier death, resignation or removal in the
manner hereinafter provided.
SECTION 4. Place of Meeting. The Board of Directors may hold its
meetings at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware as a
majority of the Directors may from time to time appoint, or as may be designated
in the notice calling the meeting.
SECTION 5. Organization Meeting. As soon as practicable after each
annual election of Directors by the stockholders, the Board of Directors shall
meet for the purpose of organization, the election of the Audit Committee of the
Board of Directors, the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors, the
Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board and
the Chairman of the Executive Committee and the transaction of other business.
If held on the same day as the annual meeting of stockholders, notice of such
organization meeting of the Board of Directors need not be given. If the
organization meeting is held on any other day, notice of such meeting shall be
given as hereinafter provided for regular and special meetings of the Board of
Directors.
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SECTION 6. Regular and Special Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board
of Directors shall be held at such times as the Board of Directors shall from
time to time by resolution determine. Special meetings of the Board of Directors
shall be held whenever called by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of
the Board, the President or any four Directors.
SECTION 7. Notice. Written notice of each regular or special meeting of
the Board of Directors shall be given by the Secretary to each Director at least
three days prior to the day named for the meeting. Notice of each such meeting
may be given to a Director, either personally or by sending a copy thereof,
charges prepaid, through the mail, or transmitted by telex, telecopier,
telegraph or cable to his address appearing on the books of the Corporation or
supplied by him to the Corporation for the purpose of notice. If notice is sent
by mail or transmitted by telex, telegraph or cable, it shall be deemed to have
been given when deposited in the United States mail or with the appropriate
office for transmission to such person. Such notice shall specify the place, day
and hour of the meeting, and notice of a special meeting shall include a general
statement of the purpose for which the meeting is called. When a meeting is
adjourned, it shall not be necessary to give any notice of the adjourned meeting
or of the business to be transacted at such adjourned meeting, other than by
announcement at the meeting at which such adjournment is taken. As provided in
Article IX of these By-Laws, any Director may waive the notice requirements
provided for herein.
SECTION 8. Quorum and Manner of Acting. A majority of the whole Board
of Directors shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business and the vote of a majority of the Directors participating in a meeting
at which a quorum is present or participating shall be the act of the Board of
Directors.
SECTION 9. Organization. At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the
Chairman of the Board, or in his absence, the Vice Chairman of the Board, or in
the absence of either of such officers, a Director chosen by a majority of the
Directors present, shall act as chairman of the meeting. The Secretary, or in
his absence any person appointed by the chairman of the meeting, shall act as
secretary of the meeting.
SECTION 10. Business and Order of Business. At each meeting of the
Board of Directors such business may be transacted as may properly be brought
before the meeting, whether or not such business is stated in the notice of such
meeting or in a waiver of notice thereof, except as otherwise expressly provided
by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws. At all meetings
of the Board of Directors business shall be transacted in the order determined
by the chairman of the meeting subject to the approval of the Board.
SECTION 11. Action by Consent. Any action which may be taken by the
Board of Directors or by any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting,
if a consent or consents in writing setting forth the action so taken shall be
signed by all of the Directors or members of a committee, respectively, and
shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation.
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SECTION 12. Constructive Presence at a Meeting. Any member of the Board
of Directors or of any committee thereof shall be deemed present at a meeting of
such Board or committee if a conference telephone or similar communication
equipment is used, by means of which all persons participating in the meeting
can hear each other.
SECTION 13. Interested Directors; Quorum. No contract or transaction
between the Corporation and one or more of the Directors or officers of the
Corporation, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership,
association, or other organization in which one or more of the Directors or
officers of the Corporation are directors or officers, or have a financial
interest, shall be void or voidable solely for such reason, or solely because
such Director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the
Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or
transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose,
if (i) the material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the
contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or
the committee and the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes
the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the
disinterested Directors, even though the disinterested Directors be less than a
quorum; or (ii) the material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to
the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders
entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically
approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or
transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized,
approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof, or the
stockholders.
Common or interested Directors may be counted in determining the
presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee
which authorizes a contract or transaction specified in this section.
SECTION 14. Resignations. Any Director may resign at any time upon
written notice to the Secretary of the Corporation. Such resignation shall take
effect at the time specified therein, or, if no time be so specified, upon
receipt by the Secretary. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary
to make it effective.
SECTION 15. Removal of Directors. Any Director or the entire Board of
Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the vote of a majority of
the outstanding shares then entitled to vote at an election of Directors, except
if less than the entire Board of Directors is to be removed, no Director may be
removed without cause if the votes cast against his removal would be sufficient
to elect him if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire Board of
Directors.
SECTION 16. Nomination of Directors. Only persons who are nominated in
accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as
Directors of the Corporation. Nominations of persons for election to the Board
of Directors may be made at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any
special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing Directors,
(a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized
committee thereof) or (b) by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a
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stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in
this Section 16 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders
entitled to vote at such meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice
procedures set forth in this Section 16.
In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to
be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof
in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation.
To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered
to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation:
(a) in the case of an annual meeting, not less than sixty (60) days nor more
than ninety (90) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding
annual meeting of stockholders (provided, however, that in the event that the
annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before
or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely
must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day
following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was
mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made,
whichever first occurs); and (b) in the case of a special meeting of
stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the
close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which notice of
the date of the special meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of
the special meeting was made, whichever first occurs.
To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary
must set forth: (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate
for election as a Director (i) the name, age, business address and residence
address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the
person, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the
Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by the person and (iv) any
other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed
in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with
solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the rules
and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the
notice (i) the name and record address of such stockholder, (ii) the class or
series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned
beneficially or of record by such stockholder, (iii) a description of all
arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and each proposed
nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to
which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (iv) a
representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at
the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice and (v) any other
information relating to such stockholder that would be required to be disclosed
in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with
solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice
must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to being named
as a nominee and to serve as a Director if elected.
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No person shall be eligible for election as a Director of the
Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this
Section 16. If the chairman of the meeting determines that a nomination was not
made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman shall declare to
the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective nomination
shall be disregarded.
ARTICLE IV
COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD
SECTION 1. Executive Committee. At the organizational meeting following
the annual meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors shall, by resolution
adopted by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate an Executive
Committee, of which the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall be a member,
and consisting of such number of other directors as determined by the Board of
Directors. Except as hereinafter set forth, the Executive Committee shall have
and may exercise all the authority of the Board of Directors in the management
of the business and affairs of the Corporation and may authorize the seal of the
Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. All acts done and
power conferred by the Executive Committee shall be deemed to be, and may be
certified as being, done or conferred under authority of the Board of Directors.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Executive Committee shall not have the power
or authority of the Board of Directors in reference to amending the Certificate
of Incorporation, adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending
to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of
the Corporation's property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a
dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, amending these
By-Laws, declaring a dividend or authorizing the issuance of stock. Any member
of the Executive Committee may be removed at any time, and any vacancy on the
Executive Committee may be filled by the vote of a majority of the whole Board
of Directors.
SECTION 2. Meetings of Executive Committee. Meetings of the Executive
Committee shall be held whenever called by the Chairman of the Board or the
Chairman of the Executive Committee. Notice of each meeting of the Executive
Committee shall be given personally, in writing or by telephone to each member
of the Executive Committee at his residence or usual place of business at least
twenty- four hours in advance of the meeting. Such notice shall state the time
and place of the meeting, but need not state the purpose or purposes thereof. As
provided in Article IX of these By-Laws, any member of the Executive Committee
may waive the notice requirements provided for herein. The Executive Committee
shall adopt its own rules of procedure not inconsistent with any rules for
committees set forth in these By-Laws, and it shall keep a record of its
proceedings and report them to the Board of Directors at the next meeting
thereof after each meeting of the Executive Committee. All actions taken by the
Executive Committee shall be subject to revision or alteration by the Board of
Directors, provided, however, that third parties shall not be prejudiced by any
such revision or alteration.
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SECTION 3. Quorum of and Manner of Acting by Executive Committee. A
majority of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business, and the vote of a majority of those participating at a
meeting thereof at which a quorum is present or participating shall be the act
of the Executive Committee.
SECTION 4. Audit Committee. The Audit Committee shall be composed of at
least three Directors. The Audit Committee shall assist the Board in overseeing
the Corporation's financial reporting and shall have such authority and
responsibility as is provided in the committee's charter and, subject thereto,
as is normally incident to the functioning of the audit committee of a
publicly-traded company and shall perform the other functions provided to be
performed by it by the Bylaws and such other functions as are from time to time
assigned to it by the Board.
SECTION 5. Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee shall be
composed of at least three Directors. The Compensation Committee shall have the
power and authority to adopt and administer equity and cash incentive plans of
the Corporation and its Subsidiaries. The Compensation Committee shall have such
powers and authority as necessary to carry out the foregoing responsibilities
and shall have such other responsibilities, and such other powers and authority,
as may be determined by the Board.
SECTION 6. Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee shall be composed of at least
three Directors. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee shall have
the power and authority to evaluate Director candidates for election to the
Board and to recommend nominees to the Board of Directors for election to the
Board at any annual or special meeting of stockholders. The Nominating and
Corporate Governance Committee shall have such powers and authority as necessary
to carry out the foregoing responsibilities and shall have such other
responsibilities, and such other powers and authority, as may be determined by
the Board.
SECTION 7. Other Committees. The Board of Directors may from time to
time by resolution create such other committee or committees of Directors,
officers, employees or other persons designated by it for the purpose of
advising the Board, the Executive Committee and the officers and employees of
the Corporation with respect to such matters as the Board shall deem appropriate
and with such functions, powers and authority as the Board shall by resolution
prescribe; provided, however, that no such other committee shall exercise any of
the powers or authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the
business and affairs of the Corporation or have power to authorize the seal of
the Corporation to be affixed to papers which may require it, unless such other
committee shall be created by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board
of Directors and shall be so authorized by such resolution, and provided
further, that no committee shall exercise any of the powers or authority of the
Board of Directors that are not permitted by law. A majority of all the members
of any such other committee may adopt its own rules of procedure not
inconsistent with any rules for committees set forth in these By-Laws and fix
the time and place of its meetings, unless the Board of Directors shall
otherwise provide. The Board of Directors shall have power to change the number
of members or the
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personnel of any such other committee at any time, to fill vacancies, and to
discharge any such other committee, either with or without cause, at any time.
The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members
of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any
meeting of any such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of
a committee, and in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of an
alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, the member or
members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether
or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of
the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or
disqualified member. Each such committee shall keep minutes of its acts and
proceedings.
SECTION 8. Compensation. Members of any committee contemplated by these
By-Laws shall receive such compensation, fees and allowances, if any, for their
services as shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors. Nothing
herein contained shall be construed so as to preclude any member of any such
committee from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving
compensation therefor.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
SECTION 1. Number. The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chairman
of the Board, one or more Vice Chairmen of the Board, a Chairman of the
Executive Committee, a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice
Presidents (any one or more of whom the Board of Directors or the Executive
Committee may designate Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President or
similar title), a Secretary and a Treasurer. Any two or more offices may be held
by the same person. It shall not be necessary for officers (except the Chairman
of the Board, any Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chairman of the Executive
Committee, and the Chief Executive Officer) to be Directors.
SECTION 2. Election, Term of Office and Qualification. Except in the
case of officers appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of
this Article V, officers shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors and
each officer shall hold office until his successor shall be elected and shall
qualify, or until the officer's earlier death, resignation or removal in the
manner hereinafter provided.
SECTION 3. Other Officers. The Corporation may have such other officers
and agents as may be deemed necessary by the Board of Directors or the Executive
Committee. Such other officers and agents shall be appointed in such manner,
have such duties and hold their offices for such terms as may be determined by
the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee. The Board of Directors or the
Executive Committee may delegate to any principal officer the power to appoint
or remove any such other officers or agents.
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SECTION 4. Removal; Resignation. Any officer or agent elected or
appointed by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee may be removed by
the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee whenever in its judgment the
best interests of the Corporation will be served thereby, but such removal shall
be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.
Any officer or agent may resign at any time by giving written notice to
the chief executive officer or the secretary. Unless stated in the notice of
resignation, the acceptance thereof shall not be necessary to make it effective,
and it shall take effect at the time specified therein or, in the absence of
such specification, it shall take effect upon the receipt thereof.
SECTION 5. Vacancies. A vacancy in any office because of death,
resignation, removal or any other cause shall be filled for the unexpired
portion of the term in the manner prescribed in these By-Laws for election or
appointment to such office.
SECTION 6. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall
preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and of stockholders. In the
absence of the Chairman of the Executive Committee, or if there be no Chairman
of the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board shall preside at meetings
of the Executive Committee and shall exercise all of the powers and discharge
all of the duties of the Chairman of the Executive Committee. The Chairman of
the Board shall have the power to sign all certificates, contracts, obligations
and other instruments of whatever character on behalf of the Corporation. The
Chairman of the Board shall have and perform such other duties and may exercise
such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws,
the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee. In the absence of the
Chairman of the Board, any Vice Chairman of the Board may perform the functions
of the Chairman of the Board.
SECTION 7. Chairman of the Executive Committee. The Chairman of the
Executive Committee shall preside at all meetings of the Executive Committee.
The Chairman of the Executive Committee shall have the power to sign all
certificates, contracts, obligations and other instruments of whatever character
on behalf of the Corporation. He shall perform such other duties and may
exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these
By-Laws, the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee or the Chairman of the
Board.
SECTION 8. Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall
be the senior executive officer of the Corporation. He shall transmit or cause
to be transmitted necessary instructions and advice to all other officers and
all other proper persons and shall be the proper officer of the Corporation to
whom matters and issues concerning the Corporation shall be transmitted for
attention. The Chief Executive Officer shall have power to sign all
certificates, contracts, obligations and other instruments of whatever character
on behalf of the Corporation. He shall perform such other duties and may
exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these
By-Laws, the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee or the Chairman of the
Board.
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SECTION 9. President. The President shall have power to sign all
certificates, contracts, obligations and other instruments of whatever character
on behalf of the Corporation. He shall perform such other duties and may
exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these
By-Laws, the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee or the Chairman of the
Board.
SECTION 10. Vice Presidents. Each Vice President shall perform such
duties and may exercise such powers as from time to time may be assigned to him
by these By-Laws, the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chairman
of the Board, or the President. Each Vice President shall have power to sign all
certificates, contracts, obligations and other instruments of whatever character
on behalf of the Corporation.
SECTION 11. Secretary. The Secretary: shall record or cause to be
recorded in books provided for that purpose the minutes of the meetings of the
stockholders, the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee; shall see that
all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these By-Laws
and as required by law; shall be custodian of such corporate records as the
Board of Directors may direct and of the seal of the Corporation and may affix
the same to any instrument requiring it and, when so affixed, it shall be
attested by his signature or by the signature of an Assistant Secretary; may
sign with the Chairman of the Board, the President or any Vice President all
authorized contracts, obligations or instruments; shall see that the books,
reports, statements, certificates and all other documents and records required
by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws to be kept by
him are available for examination at reasonable times by any Director at the
principal office of the Corporation during business hours; and, in general,
shall perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary and such other
duties as may, from time to time, be assigned to him by the Board of Directors,
the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board or the President.
At the request of the Secretary, or in his absence or disability, any
Assistant Secretary shall perform any of the duties of the Secretary and, when
so acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all of the
restrictions upon, the Secretary. Except where by law the signature of the
Secretary is required, each of the Assistant Secretaries shall possess the same
power as the Secretary to sign certificates, contracts, obligations and other
instruments of the Corporation, and to affix the seal of the Corporation to such
instruments, and attest the same.
SECTION 12. Treasurer. The Treasurer: shall have charge and custody of
all funds and securities of the Corporation and shall deposit all such funds in
the name of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the
Board of Directors or pursuant to Section 3 of Article X; shall disburse the
funds of the Corporation, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements; shall
render to the Chairman of the Board or the Directors, at the regular meetings of
the Board, or whenever they may require it, an account of all his transactions
as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation, and; in general,
shall perform all duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other
duties as may, from time to time, be assigned to him by the Board of Directors,
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the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board or the President. If required
by the Board of Directors, he shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of
his duties in such sum and with such surety or sureties as the Board of
Directors shall determine.
At the request of the Treasurer, or in his absence or disability, any
Assistant Treasurer may perform any of the duties of the Treasurer and, when so
acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions
upon, the Treasurer. Except where by law the signature of the Treasurer is
required, each of the Assistant Treasurers shall possess the same power as the
Treasurer to sign all certificates, contracts, obligations and other instruments
of the Corporation.
SECTION 13. Salaries. Except as otherwise provided in these By-laws,
the salaries of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of
Directors. No officer shall be prevented from receiving such salary by reason of
the fact that he is also a Director of the Corporation.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 1. Indemnification; Prepayment of Expenses.
(a) Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to
be made a party to or is involved in any manner in any threatened, pending or
completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (hereinafter a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she
or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative is or was a director,
officer or employee of the Corporation or a majority-owned subsidiary of the
Corporation (a "Subsidiary"), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged
action in an official capacity as a director, officer or employee or in any
other capacity while serving as a director, officer or employee, shall be
indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation in accordance with and to the
fullest extent permitted from time to time by the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (the "DGCL")
(but, if permitted by applicable law, in the case of any such amendment, only to
the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader
indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior
to such amendment) or any other applicable laws as presently or hereafter in
effect, and such indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to
be a director, officer or employee and shall inure to the benefit of his or her
heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that the Corporation
shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a
proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if such proceeding
(or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors or is a proceeding to
enforce such person's claim to indemnification pursuant to the rights granted by
this Article VI. The Corporation shall pay the expenses (including legal fees)
incurred by such person in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final
disposition; provided, however, that an advancement of expenses incurred by such
person in his or her capacity as a director, officer or employee shall be
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made only upon receipt (unless the Board of Directors waives such requirement to
the extent permitted by applicable law) of an undertaking, by or on behalf of
such person, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be
determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to
appeal that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as
authorized in this Article VI or otherwise, and provided further, that, in the
case of a director or officer, such an undertaking shall be required only if and
to the extent required by the DGCL.
(b) The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to
time by the Board of Directors, grant rights to indemnification, and rights to
be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in
advance of its final disposition, to any person who is or was an agent (other
than a director, officer or employee) of the Corporation or a Subsidiary and to
any person who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation or a
Subsidiary as a director, officer, partner, member, employee, trustee or agent
of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture,
trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit
plans maintained or sponsored by the Corporation or a Subsidiary, to the fullest
extent of the provisions of this Article VI with respect to the indemnification
of and advancement of expenses to directors, officers and employees of the
Corporation.
SECTION 2. Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights to indemnification and
advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VI
shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter
acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation,
provision of these By-laws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested
Directors or otherwise. No repeal, modification or amendment of, or adoption of
any provision inconsistent with, this Article VI, nor, to the fullest extent
permitted by applicable law, any modification of law, shall adversely affect any
right or protection of any person granted pursuant hereto with respect to any
events that occurred prior to the time of such repeal, amendment, adoption or
modification.
SECTION 3. Right to Bring Suit. The rights to indemnification and to
the advancement of expenses conferred in Section 1(a) of this Article VI shall
be contract rights. If a claim under Section 1(a) of this Article VI is not paid
in full by the Corporation within sixty days after a written claim has been
received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of
expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be twenty days, the claimant
may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the
unpaid amount of the claim. If successful in whole or in part in any such suit,
or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses
pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the claimant shall be entitled to be
paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In any suit brought
by the claimant to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a
suit brought by the claimant to enforce an advancement of expenses) it shall be
a defense that, and in any suit by the Corporation to recover an advancement of
expenses upon a final adjudication that, the claimant has not met any applicable
standard for indemnification set forth in the DGCL. Neither the failure of the
Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its
stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of
16
such suit that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances
because the claimant has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the
DGCL, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of
Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has
not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the
claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such
a suit brought by the claimant, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought
by the claimant to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of
expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses
pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the claimant
is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under
this Article VI or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
SECTION 4. Other Indemnification. The Corporation's obligation, if any,
to indemnify any person who was or is serving at its request as a director,
officer, partner, member, employee, trustee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other enterprise
shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification from
such other corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture,
trust or other enterprise.
SECTION 5. Insurance. The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its
expense, to protect itself and any person who is or was a director, officer,
partner, member, employee, trustee or agent of the Corporation or a Subsidiary
or of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss,
whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person
against such expense, liability or loss under the DGCL.
SECTION 6. Construction. If any provision or provisions of this Article
VI shall be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever:
(1) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of
this Article VI (including, without limitation, each portion of any subparagraph
or clause of this Article VI containing any such provision held to be invalid,
illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself held to be invalid, illegal or
unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (2) to
the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article VI (including,
without limitation, each such portion of any subparagraph of this Article VI
containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable)
shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the
provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
SECTION 7. Notice. Any notice, request or other communication required
or permitted to be given to the Corporation under this Article VI shall be in
writing and either delivered in person or sent by telecopier, telex, telegram,
overnight mail or courier service, or certified or registered mail, postage
prepaid, return receipt requested, to the Secretary of the Corporation and shall
be effective only upon receipt by the Secretary.
ARTICLE VII
CERTIFICATES OF STOCK, BOOKS AND RECORDS
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SECTION 1. Form; Signature. The shares of the Corporation shall be
represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors of the
Corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or
all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such
resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such
certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of
such a resolution by the Board of Directors, every holder of stock represented
by certificates and upon request every holder of uncertificated shares shall be
entitled to have a certificate, signed by or in the name of the Corporation by
the Chairman or Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President or
Vice-President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, representing the number of shares
registered in certificate form. Any and all signatures on any such certificate
may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has
signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall
have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such
certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect
as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
The name of the holder of record of the shares represented thereby, with the
number of such shares and the date of issue, shall be entered on the books of
the Corporation.
SECTION 2. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may determine the
conditions under which a new share certificate is to be issued in place of any
certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost,
stolen or destroyed. When authorizing the issuance of a new certificate or
certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition
precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or
destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to give the
Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made
against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of
any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.
SECTION 3. Transfer of Shares. The shares of stock of the Corporation
shall be transferable only upon its books by the holders thereof in person or by
their duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives, and upon such transfer
the old certificates shall be surrendered to the corporation by the delivery
thereof to the person in charge of the stock and transfer books and ledgers, or
to such other person as the Board of Directors may designate, by whom they shall
be cancelled, and new certificates shall thereupon be issued. A record shall be
made of each transfer and whenever a transfer shall be made for collateral
security, and not absolutely, it shall be so expressed in the entry of the
transfer.
SECTION 4. Registered Stockholders. The Corporation shall be entitled
to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder in
fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or
other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other
person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as
otherwise provided by law.
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SECTION 5. Determining Stockholders of Record. In order that the
Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at,
any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof or to express consent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of
any dividend or other distribution, or allotment of any rights, or entitled to
exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or
for the purpose of any other lawful activity, the Board of Directors may fix (or
authorize the Secretary to fix), in advance, a record date, which (1) in the
case of determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of
stockholders or adjournment thereof, shall not be more than sixty nor less than
ten days before the date of such meeting; (2) in the case of determination of
stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without
a meeting, shall not be more than ten days from the date upon which the
resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors; and (3)
in the case of any other action, shall not be more than sixty days prior to such
other action. Only such stockholders as shall be stockholders of record on the
date so fixed shall be entitled to notice of, or to vote at, such meeting, to
express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, to receive
payment of such dividend or other distribution, to receive such allotment of
rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any
transfer of any shares on the books of the Corporation after any record date
fixed as aforesaid. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice
of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the
meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record
date for the adjourned meeting.
ARTICLE VIII
FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be as determined by the Board
of Directors or by the Executive Committee from time to time.
ARTICLE IX
WAIVER OF NOTICE
Whenever any notice whatever is required to be given by law, by the
Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, the person entitled thereto
may, in person or by attorney thereunto authorized, in writing or by telegraph,
facsimile, e-mail, telex or cable, waive such notice whether before or after the
meeting or other matter in respect of which such notice is to be given, and in
such event such notice need not be given to such person and such waiver shall be
deemed equivalent to such notice. Neither the purpose of nor the business to be
transacted at such meeting need be specified in any written waiver of notice.
Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of such meeting,
except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting,
at the beginning of a meeting, to the transaction of any business because the
meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
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ARTICLE X
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. Contract, etc., How Executed. The Board of Directors or the
Executive Committee may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, or
employee or employees of the Corporation to enter into any contract or execute
and deliver any instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, and
such authority may be general or confined to specific instance.
SECTION 2. Checks, etc. All checks, drafts, bills of exchange or other
orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued
in the name of the Corporation, shall be signed, either manually or in
facsimile, by such officer or officers, or agent or agents, as may from time to
time be designated by these By-Laws, or by the Board of Directors or the
Executive Committee, or who shall have been designated in writing by any two
officers of the Corporation, acting jointly, who shall have been authorized and
empowered by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee to make such
designation. A designation by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee or
by officers thereunto duly authorized and empowered may be general or confined
to specific instances.
SECTION 3. Depositories. Funds or securities of the Corporation shall
be deposited in such depositories as shall be appointed by the Board of
Directors, the Executive Committee or as shall be appointed by any two officers
of the Corporation, acting jointly, who shall have been authorized and empowered
by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee to make such appointment.
SECTION 4. Proxies. Unless otherwise provided by resolutions of the
Board of Directors, the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee may from
time to time appoint any attorney or attorneys or agent or agents of the
Corporation, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to cast the votes
which the Corporation may be entitled to cast as a stockholder or otherwise in
any other corporation any of whose shares or other securities may be held by the
Corporation, at meetings of holders of the shares or other securities of such
other corporation, or to consent or dissent in writing to any action by such
other corporation, and may instruct the person or persons so appointed as to the
manner of casting such votes or giving such consent or dissent, and may execute
or cause to be executed in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and under
its corporate seal, or otherwise, all such written proxies or other instruments
he or they may deem necessary and proper.
SECTION 5. Seal. The corporate seal shall be in the form of a circle,
shall bear the name of the Corporation, the year 1970 and the words "Corporate
Seal - Delaware." The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to
be impressed or affixed or in any manner reproduced. Except as otherwise
required by law, the affixation of the corporate seal shall not be necessary to
the valid execution, assignment or endorsement of any instrument in writing.
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ARTICLE XI
AMENDMENTS
These By-Laws, or any of them, may be altered, amended or repealed, or
new By-Laws may be adopted, at any time by the affirmative vote of at least a
majority of the votes which all stockholders present in person or by proxy at
such meeting are entitled to cast, or by the Board of Directors at any regular
or special meeting of the Board.
ARTICLE XII
BY-LAWS SUBJECT TO PROVISIONS OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
In case of any conflict between the provisions of these By-Laws and the
Certificate of Incorporation, the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation
shall control.
ARTICLE XIII
ELECTION NOT TO BE GOVERNED BY THE FLORIDA CONTROL-SHARE ACQUISITION STATUTE
To the extent, if any, that the provisions of Section 607.109 of the
Florida General Corporation Act (the "Florida Act") apply to any "control-share
acquisition" (as defined in Section 607.109 of the Florida Act) of shares of the
Common Stock, the Corporation hereby expressly elects that the provisions of
Section 607.109 of the Florida Act shall not apply to any control-share
acquisition of shares of Common Stock, and that shares of Common Stock acquired
in any such control-share acquisition shall have ascribed thereto the full
voting rights, powers and privileges provided by the Corporation's Certificate
of Incorporation, as amended, and these By-Laws.
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