BY-LAWS OF
                         DIMENSIONAL VISIONS GROUP, LTD.

                              ARTICLE I - OFFICERS

SECTION 1-1. REGISTERED OFFICE AND REGISTERED AGENT.

     The  Corporation  shall maintain a registered  office and registered  agent
within the State of  Delaware,  which may be  changed by the Board of  Directors
from time to time.

SECTION 1-2. OTHER OFFICES.

     The  Corporation  may also have  offices  at such other  places,  within or
without the State of Delaware,  as the Board of Directors  may from time to time
determine.

                       ARTICLE II - STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS

SECTION 2-1. PLACE OF STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS.

     Meetings  of  stockholders  may be held at such  place,  either  within  or
without the State of Delaware,  as may be  designated  by the Board of Directors
from time to time.  If no such place is  designated  by the Board of  Directors,
meetings  of the  stockholders  shall be held at the  registered  office  of the
Corporation in the State of Delaware.

SECTION 2-2. ANNUAL MEETING.

     A meeting  of the  stockholders  of the  Corporation  shall be held in each
calendar year commencing with the year 1988, on the 31st day of October if not a
legal holiday,  and if such day is a legal  holiday,  then such meeting shall be
held on the next business day.

     At such annual  meeting,  there  shall be held an  election  for a Board of
Directors  to serve for the ensuing year and until their  respective  successors
are elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal.

     Unless the Board of Directors shall deem it advisable, financial reports of
the Corporation's  business need not be sent to the stockholders and need not be
presented at the annual meeting.  If any report is deemed advisable by the Board
of Directors, such report may contain such information as the Board of Directors
shall  determine  and need not be  certified  by a Certified  Public  Accountant
unless the Board of Directors shall so direct.

SECTION 2-3. SPECIAL MEETINGS.

     Except as otherwise  specifically  provided by law, special meetings of the
stockholders may be called at any time:

     (a)  By the Board of Directors;
     (b)  By the President of the Corporation; or
     (c)  By the holders of record of not less than a majority of all the shares
          outstanding and entitled to vote.

     Upon  written  request of any person  entitled  to call a special  meeting,
which request  shall set forth the purpose for which the meeting is desired,  it
shall be the duty of the Secretary to give prompt written notice of such meeting
to be held at such time as the Secretary may fix,  subject to the  provisions of
Section 2-4 hereof. If the Secretary shall fail to fix such date and give notice
within ten (10) days after receipt of such request, the person or persons making
such request may do so.

SECTION 2-4. NOTICE OF MEETINGS AND ADJOURNED MEETINGS.

     Written  notice  stating the place,  date and hour of any meeting  shall be
given not less than ten (10) nor more than  sixty  (60) days  before the date of
the meeting to each  stockholder  entitled to vote at such  meeting.  If mailed,
notice is given when  deposited  in the United  States  Mail,  postage  prepaid,
directed to the  stockholder  at his address as it appears on the records of the
Corporation.  Such  notice  may be given in the name of the Board of  Directors,
President, Vice President, Secretary of Assistant Secretary.

     When a meeting is adjourned  to another  time or place,  notice need not be
given of the  adjourned  meeting if the time and place  thereof are announced at
the meeting at which the  adjournment is taken.  If the  adjournment is for more
than thirty (30) days,  or if after the  adjournment  a new record date is fixed
for the adjourned  meeting,  a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to
each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

SECTION 2-5. QUORUM.

     Unless the Certificate of Incorporation  provides otherwise,  the presence,
in person or by proxy,  of the holders of a majority of the  outstanding  shares
entitled  to vote  shall  constitute  a quorum  but in no  event  shall a quorum
consist  of less  than  one-third  (1/3)  of the  shares  entitled  to vote at a
meeting. The stockholders present at a duly organized meeting can continue to do
business   until   adjournment,   notwithstanding   the   withdrawal  of  enough
stockholders  to leave  less than a quorum.  If a  meeting  cannot be  organized
because of the  absence of a quorum,  those  present  may,  except as  otherwise
provided  by law,  adjourn  the  meeting  to such  time  and  place  as they may
determine.  In the case of any meeting  for the  election  of  Directors,  those
stockholders  who attend the second of such  adjourned  meetings,  although less
than a quorum as fixed in the Section,  shall  nevertheless  constitute a quorum
for the purpose of electing Directors.

SECTION 2-6. VOTING LIST; PROXIES.

     The officer  who has charge of the stock  ledger of the  Corporation  shall
prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders  entitled to vote at the meeting,  arranged in
alphabetical  order,  and showing the address of each stockholder and the number
of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to
the  examination  of any  stockholder,  for any purpose  germane to the meeting,
during ordinary  business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to
the meeting,  either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held,
which  place  shall be  specified  in the notice of the  meeting,  or, if not so
specified,  at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be
produced  and kept at the time and place of the  meeting  during  the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

     Upon the willful neglect or refusal of the Directors to produce such a list
at any meeting for the election of  Directors,  they shall be  ineligible to any
office at such meeting.

     Each  stockholder  entitled  to vote at a  meeting  of  stockholders  or to
express consent or dissent to corporate  action in writing without a meeting may
authorize  another person or persons to act for him by proxy.  All proxies shall
be executed in writing and shall be filed with the Secretary of the  Corporation
not later than the day on which exercised. No proxy shall be voted or acted upon
after  three (3) days  from its date,  unless  the proxy  provides  for a longer
period.

     Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, all matters coming before
the meeting shall be determined by a vote by shares.  All elections of Directors
shall be by written  ballot  unless  otherwise  provided in the  Certificate  of
Incorporation. Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, all other votes
may be taken by voice unless a  stockholder  demands that it be taken by ballot,
in which latter event the vote shall be taken by written ballot.

SECTION 2-7. INFORMAL ACTION BY STOCKHOLDERS.

     Unless otherwise  provided by the Certificate of Incorporation,  any action
required to be taken at any annual or special  meeting of  stockholders,  or any
action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders,
may be taken  without a meeting,  without  prior notice and without a vote, if a
consent in writing,  setting  forth the action so taken,  shall be signed by the
holders of  outstanding  stock having not less than the minimum  number of votes
that would be  necessary  to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which
all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.

     Prompt notice of the taking of corporate  action  without a meeting by less
than unanimous written consent shall be given to those  stockholders or members,
who have not consented in writing.

                        ARTICLE III - BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SECTION 3-1. NUMBER.

     The business and affairs of the Corporation  shall be managed by a Board of
not less than one (1) and not more than seven (7) Directors.

SECTION 3-2. PLACE OF MEETING.

     Meetings of the Board of Directors  may be held at such place either within
or without the State of Delaware,  as a majority of the  Directors may from time
to time designate or as may be designated in the notice calling the meeting.

SECTION 3-3. REGULAR MEETINGS.

     A  regular  meeting  of the  Board of  Directors  shall  be held  annually,
immediately  following the annual  meeting of  stockholders,  at the place where
such meeting of the  stockholders is held or at such other place,  date and hour
as a majority of the newly elected Directors may designate.  At such meeting the
Board of Directors shall elect officers of the Corporation.  In addition to such
regular  meeting,  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  have the  power to fix,  by
resolution, the place, date and hour of other regular meetings of the Board.

SECTION 3-4. SPECIAL MEETINGS.

     Special  meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held whenever  ordered
by the President,  by a majority of the members of the executive  committee,  if
any, or by a majority of the Directors in office.

SECTION 3-5. NOTICES OF MEETINGS OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

     (a)  REGULAR  MEETINGS.  No  notice  shall be  required  to be given of any
regular  meeting,  unless  the same be geld at other  than the time or place for
holding such meetings as fixed in accordance  with Section 3-3 of these by-laws,
in which event one (1) day's notice shall be given of the time and place of such
meeting.

     (b) SPECIAL  MEETINGS.  At least one (1) day's notice shall be given of the
time,  place and purpose for which any special meeting of the Board of Directors
is to be held.

SECTION 3-6. QUORUM.

     A majority of the total number of Directors  shall  constitute a quorum for
the transaction of business, and the vote of a majority of the Directors present
at a  meeting  at which a quorum  is  present  shall be the act of the  Board of
Directors.  If there be less than a quorum present,  a majority of those present
may  adjourn  the  meeting  from time to time and place to place and shall cause
notice of each such adjourned meeting to be goven to all absent Directors.

SECTION 3-7. INFORMAL ACTION BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

     Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of
Directors,  or of any committee  thereof,  may be taken without a meeting if all
members  of the  Board or  committee,  as the case may be,  consent  thereto  in
writing,  and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of  proceedings
of the Board or committee.

SECTION 3-8. POWERS.

     (a) GENERAL POWERS.  The Board of Directors shall have all powers necessary
or appropriate to the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation,
and, in addition to the power and  authority  conferred  by these  by-laws,  may
exercise all powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as
are not by statute,  these by-laws or the Certificate of Incorporation  directed
or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

     (b) SPECIFIC  POWERS.  Without limiting the general powers conferred by the
last  preceding   clause  and  the  powers   conferred  by  the  Certificate  of
Incorporation  and by-laws of the Corporation,  it is hereby expressly  declared
that the Board of Directors shall have the following powers:

     (i) To confer upon any officer or officers of the  Corporation the power to
     choose, remove or suspend assistant officers, agents or servants.

     (ii) To appoint any person, firm or corporation to accept and hold in trust
     for the Corporation  any property  belonging to the Corporation or in which

     it is interested,  and to authorize any such person, firm or corporation to
     execute any documents and perform any duties that may requisite in relation
     to any such trust.

     (iii) To appoint a person or persons to vote shares of another  corporation
     held and owned by the Corporation.

     (iv) By resolution adopted by a majority of the full Board of Directors, to
     designate  one  (1) or  more  of its  number  to  constitute  an  executive
     committee which, to the extent provided in such resolution,  shall have and
     may exercise the power of the Board of Directors in the  management  of the
     business and affairs of the  Corporation  and may authorize the seal of the
     Corporation to be affixed.

     (v) By resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors,  to
     designate one (1) or more additional committees, each to consist of one (1)
     or more Directors,  to have such duties,  powers and authority as the Board
     of Directors  shall  determine.  All  committees of the Board of Directors,
     including the executive committee,  shall have the authority to adopt their
     own rules of  procedure.  Absent the adoption of specific  procedures,  the
     procedures  applicable  to the  Board  of  Directors  shall  also  apply to
     committees thereof.

     (vi) To fix the place, time and purpose of meetings of stockholders.

     (vii) To purchase or otherwise  acquire for the  Corporation  any property,
     rights or privileges  which the  Corporation  is authorized to acquire,  at
     such prices, on such terms and conditions and for such  consideration as it
     shall  from  time to time  see  fit,  and,  at its  discretion,  to pay any
     property or rights acquired by the Corporation,  either wholly or partly in
     money  or  in  stocks,  bonds,   debentures  or  other  securities  of  the
     Corporation.

     (viii) To create,  make and issue mortgages,  bonds,  deeds of trust, trust
     agreements  and  negotiable or  transferable  instruments  and  securities,
     secured  by  mortgage  or  otherwise,  and to do every  other act and thing
     necessary to effectuate the same.

     (ix) To appoint and remove or suspend such subordinate officers,  agents or
     servants,  permanently  or  temporarily,  as it may from time to time think
     fit, and to determine their duties,  and fix, and from time to time change,
     their salaries or emoluments, and to require security in such instances and
     in such amounts as it thinks fit.

     (x) To determine  who shall be authorized  on the  Corporation's  behalf to
     sign bills, notes, receipts, acceptances,  endorsements,  checks, releases,
     contracts and documents.

SECTION 3-9. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS.

     Compensation of Directors and  reimbursement of their expenses  incurred in
connection with the business of the Corporation,  if any, shall be as determined
from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 3-10. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS BY STOCKHOLDERS.

     The entire  Board of Directors  or any  individual  Director may be removed
from office without assigning any cause by a majority vote of the holders of the
outstanding  shares  entitled to vote. In case the Board of Directors or any one
(1) or more  Directors be so removed,  new  Directors may be elected at the same
time.

SECTION 3-11. RESIGNATION.

     Any Director may resign at any time by submitting  his written  resignation
to the  Corporation.  Such  resignation  shall  take  effect  at the time of its
receipt by the Corporation  unless another time be fixed in the resignation,  in
which case it shall become  effective at the time so fixed.  The acceptance of a
resignation shall not be required to make it effective.

SECTION 3-12. VACANCIES.

     Vacancies and new created directorships  resulting from any increase in the
authorized  number of Directors  elected by all of the  stockholders  having the
right to vote as a single  class may be filled by a  majority  of the  Directors
then in office,  although less than a quorum,  or by a sole remaining  Director,
and each person so elected  shall be a Director  until his  successor is elected
and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal.

SECTION 3-13. PARTICIPATION BY CONFERENCE TELEPHONE.

     Directors may  participate  in regular or special  meetings of the Board by
telephone  or  similar  communications  equipment  by means of which  all  other
persons  at the  meeting  can hear  each  other,  and such  participation  shall
constitute presence at the meeting.

                             ARTICLE IV - OFFICERS

SECTION 4-1. ELECTION AND OFFICE.

     The  Corporation  shall have a President,  a Secretary  and a Treasurer who
shall be elected by the Board of  Directors.  The Board of  Directors  may elect
such additional officers as it may deem proper,  including a Chairman and a Vice
Chairman of the Board of Directors, one (1) or more Vice Presidents, and one (1)
or more assistant or honorary officers. Any number of offices may be held by the
same person.

SECTION 4-2. TERM.

     The President,  the Secretary and the Treasurer shall each serve for a term
of one (1) year and until their respective  successors are chosen and qualified,
unless  removed  from office by the Board of Directors  during their  respective
tenures.  The term of office of any other  officer  shall be as specified by the
Board of Directors.

SECTION 4-3. POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT.

     Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors,  the President shall
have the usual duties of an executive officer with general  supervision over and
direction of the affairs of the Corporation. In the exercise of these duties and
subject to the limitations of the laws of the State of Delaware,  these by-laws,
and the actions of the Board of Directors, he may appoint, suspend and discharge
employees and agents, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders at which
he shall be present,  and, unless there is a Chairman of the Board of Directors,
shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors  and,  unless  otherwise
specified by the Board of  Directors,  shall be a member of all  committees.  He
shall also do and perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned
to him by the Board of Directors.

     Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors,  the President shall
have full power and authority on behalf of the  Corporation to attend and to act
and to vote at any meeting of the  stockholders  of any corporation in which the
Corporation  may hold stock,  and, at any such  meeting,  shall  possess and may
exercise any and all of the rights and powers  incident to the ownership of such
stock and which, as the owner thereof,  the Corporation might have possessed and
exercised.

SECTION 4-4. POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.

     Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors,  the Secretary shall
record  all  proceedings  of the  meetings  of the  Corporation,  the  Board  of
Directors and all  committees,  in books to be kept for that purpose,  and shall
attend to the giving and serving of all notices  for the  Corporation.  He shall
have charge of the corporate  seal, the  certificate  books,  transfer books and
stock  ledgers,  and such other books and papers as the Board of  Directors  may
direct. He shall perform all other duties  ordinarily  incident to the office of
Secretary  and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may
be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 4-5. POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE TREASURER.

     Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors,  the Treasurer shall
have charge of all the funds and  securities of the  Corporation  which may come
into his hands. When necessary or proper,  unless otherwise ordered by the Board
of  Directors,  he shall  endorse for  collection  on behalf of the  Corporation
checks, notes and other obligations, and shall deposit the same to the credit of
the  Corporation  in such banks or  depositories  as the Board of Directors  may
designate  and shall sign all receipts  and  vouchers  for payments  made to the
Corporation.  He shall sign all checks made by the Corporation,  except when the
Board of Directors shall otherwise direct. He shall enter regularly, in books of
the Corporation to be kept by him for that purpose,  a full and accurate account
of all moneys received and paid by him on account of the  Corporation.  Whenever
required by the Board of Directors, he shall render a statement of the financial
condition of the Corporation. He shall at all reasonable times exhibit his books
and accounts to any Director of the Corporation,  upon application at the office
of the  Corporation  during  business hours. He shall have such other powers and
shall  perform  such other duties as may be assigned to him from time to time by
the Board of  Directors.  He shall  give such  bond,  if any,  for the  faithful
performance of his duties as shall be required by the Board of Directors and any
such bond shall remain in the custody of the President.

SECTION 4-6. POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

     Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors,  the Chairman of the
Board of Directors, if any, shall preside at all meetings of Directors and shall
serve ex officio as a member of every  committee of the Board of  Directors.  He
shall have such other  powers and perform  other such  further  duties as may be
assigned to him by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 4-7. POWERS AND DUTIES OF VICE PRESIDENTS AND ASSISTANT OFFICERS.

     Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors,  each Vice President
and each  assistant  officer shall have the powers and perform the duties of his

respective  superior officer.  Vice Presidents and assistant officers shall have
such rank as shall be  designated  by the Board of  Directors  and each,  in the
order of rank, shall act for such superior  officer in his absence,  or upon his
disability  or when so  directed  by such  superior  officer  or by the Board of
Directors.  Vice  Presidents  may be designated as having  responsibility  for a
specific  aspect of the  Corporation's  affairs,  in which  event each such Vice
President  shall be superior to the other Vice Presidents in relation to matters
within his  aspect.  The  President  shall be the  superior  officer of the Vice
Presidents.  The Treasurer and the Secretary  shall be the superior  officers of
the Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries, respectively.

SECTION 4-8. DELEGATION OF OFFICE.

     The Board of Directors  may delegate the powers or duties of any officer of
the Corporation to any other officer or to any Director from time to time.

SECTION 4-9. VACANCIES.

     The Board of  Directors  shall have the power to fill any  vacancies in any
office occurring from whatever reason.

SECTION 4-10. RESIGNATIONS.

     Any officer may resign at any time by submitting his written resignation to
the Corporation.  Such resignation  shall take effect at the time of its receipt
by the Corporation,  unless another time by fixed in the  resignation,  in which
case it  shall  become  effective  at the time so  fixed.  The  acceptance  of a
resignation shall not be required to make it effective.

                           ARTICLE V - CAPITAL STOCK

SECTION 5-1. STOCK CERTIFICATES.

     Shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates signed by or
in the name of the Corporation by (a) the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board
of Directors, or the President or a Vice President,  and (b) the Treasurer or an
Assistant Treasurer,  or the Secretary or an Assistant  Secretary,  representing
the number of shares  registered in  certificate  form. If such  certificate  is
countersigned  (i)  by a  transfer  agent  other  than  the  Corporation  or its
employee, or (ii) by a registrar other than the Corporation or its employee, the
signatures of the officers of the  Corporation  may be  facsimiles.  In case any
officer  who has signed or whose  facsimile  signature  has been  placed  upon a
certificate  shall have ceased to be such  officer  before such  certificate  is
issued,  it may be issued by the Corporation  with the same effect as if he were
such officer at the date of issue.

SECTION 5-2. DETERMINATION OF STOCKHOLDERS OF RECORD.

     The Board of Directors may fix, in advance,  a record date to determine the
stockholders  entitled  to notice of or to vote at any  meeting of  stockholders
entitled  to  notice  of or to  vote  at  any  meeting  of  stockholders  or any
adjournment  thereof,  or to  express  consent  to  corporate  action in writing
without a meeting,  or  entitled  to receive  payment of any  dividend  or other
distribution  or allotment of any rights,  or entitled to exercise any rights in

respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any
other lawful  action.  Such date shall be not more than sixty (60) nor less than
ten (10) days before the date of any such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days
prior to any other action.

     If no record date is fixed,  the record date for  determining  stockholders
entitled  to notice of or to vote at a meeting of  stockholders  shall be at the
close of business on the day next  preceding  the day on which  notice is given,
or, if notice is waived,  at the close of business on the day next preceding the
day on which the meeting is held. The record date for  determining  stockholders
for any other  purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

     A determination  of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote
at a meeting of  stockholders  shall apply to any  adjournment  of the  meeting;
provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the
adjourned meeting.

SECTION 5-3. TRANSFER OF SHARES.

     Transfer of shares shall be made on the books of the Corporation  only upon
surrender of the share  certificate,  duly endorsed and otherwise in proper form
for transfer,  which certificate  shall be canceled at the time of transfer.  No
transfer  of  shares  shall  be made on the  books of this  Corporation  if such
transfer is in  violation of a lawful  restriction  noted  conspicuously  on the
certificate.

SECTION 5-4. LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED SHARE CERTIFICATES.

     The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertified  shares
in place of any certificate  therefore  issued by it, alleged to have been lost,
stolen or  destroyed,  and the  Corporation  may  require the owner of the lost,
stolen,  or  destroyed  certificate,  or his  legal  representative  to give the
Corporation  a bond  sufficient  to indemnify it against  claim that may be made
against it on account of the  alleged  loss,  theft or  destruction  of any such
certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.

                              ARTICLE VI - NOTICES

SECTION 6-1. CONTENTS OF NOTICE.

     Whenever any notice of a meeting is required to be given  pursuant to these
by-laws or the  Certificate  of  Incorporation  or  otherwise,  the notice shall
specify  the place,  day and hour of the  meeting  and, in the case of a special
meeting or where  otherwise  required by law, the general nature of the business
to be transacted at such meeting.

SECTION 6-2. METHOD OF NOTICE.

     All  notices  shall  be  given  to each  person  entitled  thereto,  either
personally  or by  sending  a copy  thereof  through  the mail or by  telegraph,
charges prepaid, to his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation,
or supplied by him to the  Corporation  for the purpose of notice.  If notice is
sent by mail or  telegraph,  it shall be deemed to have been given to the person
entitled  thereto when deposited in the United States Mail or with the telegraph
office for transmission. If no address for a stockholder appears on the books of
the Corporation  with an address for the purpose of notice,  notice deposited in

the United States Mail addressed to such stockholder care of General Delivery in
the city in which the principal  office of the  Corporation  is located shall be
sufficient.

SECTION 6-3. WAIVER OF NOTICE.

     Whenever  notice is required to be given under any  provision  of law or of
the  certificate  of  Incorporation  or  by-laws of the  Corporation,  a written
waiver,  signed by the person  entitled to notice,  whether  before or after the
time stated  therein,  shall be deemed  equivalent  to notice.  Attendance  of a
person at a meting shall  constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting,  except
when the person attends a meeting for the express  purpose of objecting,  at the
beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting
is not lawfully  called or convened.  Neither the business to be transacted  at,
nor the  purpose  of,  any  regular  or  special  meeting  of the  stockholders,
Directors,  or members of a committee  of  Directors  need be  specified  in any
written waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation.

    ARTICLE VII - INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS AND OTHER PERSONS

SECTION 7-1. INDEMNIFICATION.

     The  Corporation  shall have the power to indemnify any Director,  officer,
employee or agent of the Corporation  against  expenses  (including legal fees),
judgments,  fines  and  amounts  paid in  settlement,  actually  and  reasonably
incurred by him,  to the fullest  extent now or  hereafter  permitted  by law in
connection with any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative,  brought or threatened
to be brought against him by reason of his  performance as a Director,  officer,
employee or agent of the Corporation, its parent or any of its subsidiaries,  or
in any other  capacity  on behalf of the  Corporation,  its parent or any of its
subsidiaries.

     The Board of Directors by resolution  adopted in each specific instance may
similarly indemnify any person other than a Director, officer, employee or agent
of the Corporation  for liabilities  incurred by him in connection with services
rendered by him for or at the request of the  Corporation,  its parent or any of
its subsidiaries.

     The provisions of this Section shall be applicable to all actions, suits or
proceedings  commenced  after its  adoption,  whether  such arise out of acts or
omissions which occurred prior or subsequent to such adoption and shall continue
as to a person who has ceased to be a Director, officer, employee or agent or to
render  services for or at the request of the Corporation or as the case may be,
its  parent,  or  subsidiaries  and shall  inure to the  benefit  of the  heirs,
executors and  administrators  of such a person.  The rights of  indemnification
provided for herein  shall not be deemed  exclusive of any other rights to which
any  Director,  officer,  employee or agent of the  Corporation  may be entitled
under these by-laws,  agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors
or  otherwise,  both as to action in his  official  capacity and as to action in
another  capacity  while holding such office,  and shall continue as to a person
who has ceased to be a director,  officer,  employee or agent and shall inure to
the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

SECTION 7-2. ADVANCES.

     Expenses  incurred  by any  officer or  director  in  defending  a civil or
criminal action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of
the final  disposition  of such action,  suit or proceeding as authorized by the
Board of Directors in the specific case upon receipt of an undertaking, by or on
behalf  of such  Director  or  officer,  to repay  such  amount  unless it shall
ultimately  be  determined  that  he  is  entitled  to  be  indemnified  by  the
Corporation as authorized by law. Such expenses  incurred by other employees and
agents  may be paid upon  such  terms and  conditions,  if any,  as the Board of
Directors deems appropriate.

SECTION 7-3. INSURANCE.

     The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person
who is or was a Director,  officer, employee or agent of the Corporation,  or is
or was  serving  at the  request  of the  Corporation  as a  Director,  officer,
employee or agent of another corporation,  partnership,  joint venture, trust or
other enterprise  against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him
in any such capacity,  or arising out of his status as such,  whether or not the
Corporation  would have the power to indemnify him against such liability  under
law.

                               ARTICLE VIII - SEAL

     The form of the seal of the  Corporation,  called the corporate seal of the
Corporation, shall be as impressed adjacent hereto.

                            ARTICLE IX - FISCAL YEAR

     The Board of Directors shall have the power by resolution to fix the fiscal
year of the  Corporation.  If the Board of  Directors  shall  fail to do so, the
President shall fix the fiscal year.

                             ARTICLE X - AMENDMENTS

     The  original or other  by-laws may be adopted,  amended or repealed by the
stockholders  entitled to vote thereon at any regular or special  meeting or, if
the Certificate of Incorporation  provides, by the Board of Directors.  The fact
that such  power has been so  conferred  upon the Board of  Directors  shall not
divest the  stockholders  of the power nor limit their power to adopt,  amend or
repeal by-laws.

                     ARTICLE XI - INTERPRETATION OF BY-LAWS

     All words,  terms and provisions of these by-laws shall be interpreted  and
defined by and in accordance  with the General  Corporation  Law of the State of
Delaware, as amended, and as amended from time to time hereafter.