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            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
 
GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE
PAYER.  Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: i.e.,
000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by only
one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to
give the payer.
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- -------------------------------------------------------------
 
FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:
- -------------------------------------------------------------
- -------------------------------------------------------------
 
 1. An individual's
account
 
 2. Two or more
    individuals
   (joint account)
 3. Husband and wife
    (joint account)
 4. Custodian account of
    a minor (Uniform
    Gift to Minors Act)
 
 5. Adult and minor
    (joint account)
 
 6. Account in the name
    of guardian or
    committee for a
    designated ward,
    minor, or
    incompetent person
 7. a. The usual
       revocable savings
       trust account
       (grantor is also
       trustee)
   b. So-called trust
      account that is
      not a legal or
      valid trust under
      State law
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(1) List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
 
(2) Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
 
(3) Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
    person's social security number.
 
(4) Show the name of the owner.
 
(5) List first and circle the name of the valid trust, estate, or pension trust.
 
NOTE: IF NO NAME IS CIRCLED WHEN THERE IS MORE THAN ONE NAME, THE NUMBER WILL BE
      CONSIDERED TO BE THAT OF THE FIRST NAME LISTED.
                     GIVE THE                           GIVE THE EMPLOYER
                                                        IDENTIFICATION
                                         FOR THIS TYPE OF
                     SOCIAL SECURITY     ACCOUNT:       NUMBER OF --
                     NUMBER OF --         8. Sole       The Owner(4)
                                             proprietorship
                     The individual          account    The legal entity (Do not
                                          9. A valid    furnish the
                                             trust,
                                             estate, or
penThe actual owner of the account or, identifying number of the personal
                     if combined funds,      sion trust
                     any one of the representative or trustee unless
                     individual(s)
                                                        the legal entity itself
desigThe actual owner of the account                    is not
                     or,
                                                        nated in the account
                     if joint funds,                    title)(5)
                     either person(1)
                                         10. Corporate
                     The minor(2)        account        The Corporation
                                         11. Religious, The organization
                                             charitable,
edu                                          or
                                           cational
                                             organization
                                             account    The partnership
                                         12. Partnership
                                             account held
                     The adult or, if        in
                     the minor is the      the name of
                     only contributor,       the business
                     the minor(1)                       The organization
                                         13. Association,
                                             club, or
                     The ward, minor,        other
                     or incompetent        tax-exempt
                     person(3)               organization
                                         14. A broker or
                                             registered The broker or nominee
                     The                   nominee
                     grantor-trustee(1)
                                         15. Account with
                                             the
                                             Department The public entity
                                           of Agriculture
                                             in the name
                                             of
                                           a public
                                             entity (such
                                             as a
                                           State or local
                     The actual              government,
                     owner(1)              school
                                             district or
                                             prison) that
                                           receives
                                             agricultural
                                             program
                                           payments
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            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
 
                                     PAGE 2
 
OBTAINING A NUMBER
 
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number or you don't know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or Form
SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office of the
Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply for a
number.
 
PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
 
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include the
following:
  -   A corporation.
  -   A financial institution.
  -   An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual
      retirement plan.
  -   The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
  -   A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or
      any subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
  -   A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
      any agency or instrumentality thereof.
  -   An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
  -   A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S. or
      a possession of the U.S.
  -   A real estate investment trust.
  -   A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).
  -   An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
      section 4947(a)(1).
  -   An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of
      1940.
  -   A foreign central bank of issue.
 
  Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:
  -   Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
  -   Payments to partnership not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
      which have at least one nonresident partner.
  -   Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
      money.
  -   Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
 
  Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
  -   Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals.
      NOTE: You may be subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or
      more and is paid in the course of the payer's trade or business and you
      have not provided your correct taxpayer identification number to the
      payer.
  -   Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
      section 852).
  -   Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
  -   Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
  -   Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
 
EXEMPT PAYEES DESCRIBED ABOVE SHOULD FILE FORM W-9 TO AVOID POSSIBLE ERRONEOUS
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. FILE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR
TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, AND
RETURN IT TO THE PAYER. IF THE PAYMENTS ARE INTEREST, DIVIDENDS, OR PATRONAGE
DIVIDENDS, ALSO SIGN AND DATE THE FORM.
 
Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041A(a),
6045, and 6050A.
 
PRIVACY ACT NOTICE.  Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividends,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers
who must report the payments to IRS. IRS uses the numbers for identification
purposes. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are
required to file tax returns. Payers must generally withhold 31% of taxable
interest, dividends, and certain other payments to a payee who does not furnish
a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply.
 
PENALTIES
 
(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.  If you fail
to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a
penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable
cause and not to willful neglect.
 
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING.  If you
make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition
of backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
 
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION.  Falsifying certifications or
affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.
 
(4) FAILURE TO REPORT CERTAIN DIVIDEND AND INTEREST PAYMENTS. If you fail to
include any portion of an includible payment for interest, dividends or
patronage dividends in gross income and such failure is due to negligence, a
penalty of 20% is imposed on any portion of an underpayment attributable to that
failure.
 
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.