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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[x] Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
[ ] Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from _________ to __________
Commission File Number 0-05544
OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
OHIO 31-0783294
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
9450 SEWARD ROAD, FAIRFIELD, OHIO 45014
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(513) 603-2400
(Registrant's telephone number)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
Common Shares, Par Value $.125 Each
(Title of Class)
Common Share Purchase Rights
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer,
as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes [ ] No [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K [ ].
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated
filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of
"accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act.
Large accelerated filer [X] Accelerated filer [ ] Non-accelerated filer [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [ ] No [X]
The aggregate market value as of June 30, 2005 of the voting stock
held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $1,501,294,389 determined by
multiplying the price at which the common equity was last sold as of the last
business day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
Such determination shall not, however, be deemed to be an admission that any
person is an "affiliate" as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of
1933.
On March 7, 2006 there were 63,412,922 common shares outstanding.
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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting
of Shareholders to be held on May 17, 2006, are herein incorporated by reference
into Parts II and III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
PART I
Item 1. Business 4
Item 1A. Risk Factors 14
Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments 25
Item 2. Properties 25
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 25
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 26
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters
and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 26
Item 6. Selected Financial Data 28
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operation 29
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 58
Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 59
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure 59
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 59
Item 9B. Other Information 60
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant 60
Item 11. Executive Compensation 60
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
and Related Stockholder Matters 60
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions 61
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 61
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 62
Signatures 87
Index to Exhibits
Exhibit 3i Amended Articles of Incorporation of the Company, reflecting amendments
Through May 10, 2000
Exhibit 21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Exhibit 23 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to
incorporation of their opinion by reference in Registration
Statements on Form S-3 and Form S-8
Exhibit 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Ohio Casualty Corporation in
accordance with SEC Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a)
Exhibit 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Ohio Casualty Corporation in
accordance with SEC Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a)
Exhibit 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Ohio Casualty
Corporation in accordance with Section 1350 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Ohio Casualty
Corporation in accordance with Section 1350 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
3
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
(a) GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS
Ohio Casualty Corporation (the Corporation) is the holding company of The Ohio
Casualty Insurance Company (the Company), which is one of six property-casualty
insurance companies that make up Ohio Casualty Group (the Group), collectively
the "Consolidated Corporation", whose primary products consist of insurance for
personal auto, homeowners, commercial property, commercial auto, workers'
compensation and other miscellaneous lines. The Group operates through the
independent agency system in over 40 states, with 29.7% of its 2005 net premiums
written generated in the states of New Jersey (11.6%), Pennsylvania (9.4%) and
Kentucky (8.7%). The Group consists of:
o The Company;
o West American Insurance Company (West American);
o Ohio Security Insurance Company (Ohio Security);
o American Fire and Casualty Company (American Fire);
o Avomark Insurance Company (Avomark); and
o Ohio Casualty of New Jersey, Inc. (OCNJ).
On December 1, 1998, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and
assumed certain liabilities of the commercial lines division of the Great
American Insurance Company (GAI) and certain of its affiliates. The major lines
of business included in the acquisition were workers' compensation, commercial
multi-peril, umbrella, general liability and commercial auto.
During the fourth quarter of 2001, OCNJ entered into an agreement to transfer
its obligation to renew private passenger auto business in New Jersey. This
transaction effectively exited the Group from the New Jersey private passenger
auto market beginning in March of 2002. For further discussion on this
transaction, see Item 15, Note 7 - Other Contingencies and Commitments in the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements on pages 77 and 78 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K.
The Corporation continually evaluates the competitive environment within the
insurance industry. Most high performing insurance companies, including a number
of peer companies, have achieved combined ratios in the low 80% to mid-90%
range. Also, the surplus positions of many of these companies have strengthened,
while at the same time investment income growth has been constrained by the low
yields on new investments. In addition, the industry took less aggressive price
increases in 2005 in most insurance product lines. Recognizing that improved
industry results may mean further price competition, the Consolidated
Corporation has taken steps in 2005 to achieve improved profitability through
disciplined underwriting and pricing and expense reduction initiatives.
In September 2003, the Corporation announced its Corporate Strategic Plan for
the 2004-2006 time frame. The plan brings together five broad objectives to help
achieve the Corporation's Vision to be a leading super regional Property and
Casualty carrier providing a broad range of products/services through
independent agents and brokers. The broad objectives include the ability to
generate above market growth, produce competitive loss ratios, create a
competitive expense structure, achieve a competitive return on equity and
improve credit ratings and financial flexibility. Competitive advantages include
strong agency relationships, especially with key agents, and technology
platforms that will provide superior operating flexibility. Technology is being
leveraged to make it easier for agents to do business with the Group and to
increase pricing and underwriting sophistication. Another initiative being
implemented to help the Corporation obtain above market growth is enhancing the
marketing culture of the organization to target and service agents as a means to
identify and promote sales opportunities.
(b) FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT SEGMENTS
The revenues and operating profit of each reportable segment for the three years
ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 are set forth in Item 15, Note 12,
Segment Information, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements on
pages 81 and 82 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The combined ratios and
component
4
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
ratios for each reportable segment for the three years ended December 31, 2005,
2004 and 2003 are presented in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operation on pages 39 and 40 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K.
(c) NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
SEGMENT DESCRIPTION
COMMERCIAL LINES SEGMENT
The Group's Commercial Lines segment accounted for 56.8%, 57.0% and 55.0% of net
premiums written in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, consisting of the
following product lines:
(in millions) 2005 2004 2003
- ------------- ------ ------ ------
Workers' compensation $138.6 $132.9 $132.4
Commercial automobile 227.7 233.5 228.3
General liability 95.7 89.5 83.4
CMP, fire and inland marine 361.5 372.3 348.5
------ ------ ------
Total Commercial Lines $823.5 $828.2 $792.6
====== ====== ======
These product lines include:
o Workers' compensation insurance - insures employers for their obligations
to provide workers' compensation benefits as required by applicable
statutes, including medical payments, rehabilitation costs, lost wages,
and disability and death benefits. These policies also provide coverage to
employers for their liability exposures under the common law;
o Commercial automobile insurance - insures policyholders against third
party liability related to the ownership and operation of motor vehicles
used in the course of business and property damage to insured vehicles.
These policies may provide uninsured motorist coverage, which provides
coverage to insureds and their employees for bodily injury and property
damage caused by an uninsured party;
o General liability insurance - insures policyholders against third party
liability for bodily injury and property damage, including liability for
products sold and covers the cost of the defense of claims alleging such
damages; and
o Commercial multi-peril insurance (CMP) fire and inland marine - insures a
business against risks from property, liability, crime and boiler and
machinery explosion losses.
SPECIALTY LINES SEGMENT
The Group's Specialty Lines segment accounted for 10.4%, 9.3% and 11.4% of net
premiums written in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, consisting of the
following product lines:
(in millions) 2005 2004 2003
- ------------- ------ ------ ------
Commercial umbrella $ 97.2 $ 87.1 $120.9
Fidelity and surety 53.2 48.4 43.9
Farmowners - - 0.1
------ ------ ------
Total Specialty Lines $150.4 $135.5 $164.9
====== ====== ======
These product lines include:
o Commercial umbrella insurance - indemnifies policyholders for liability
and defense costs which exceed coverage provided by the underlying primary
policies, typically commercial automobile and general liability policies,
and provides coverage for some items not covered by underlying policies;
and
o Fidelity and surety - insures against dishonest acts of bonded employees
and the non-performance of parties under contracts, respectively.
5
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
PERSONAL LINES SEGMENT
The Group's Personal Lines segment accounted for the remaining 32.8%, 33.7% and
33.6% of net premiums written in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, consisting
of the following product lines:
(in millions) 2005 2004 2003
- ------------- ------ ------ ------
Personal auto incl. personal umbrella $283.7 $294.1 $296.8
Personal property 191.8 196.1 187.3
------ ------ ------
Total Personal Lines $475.5 $490.2 $484.1
====== ====== ======
These product lines include personal automobile and homeowners' insurance sold
to individuals.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
The Group is represented by approximately 3,400 independent insurance agencies
with approximately 5,500 agency locations, each containing at least one licensed
agent of the Group. These agents also represent other unaffiliated companies
which may compete with the Group. In addition to its home office facility, the
Group operates in multiple claim, underwriting, bond and service offices to
assist these independent agents in producing and servicing the Group's business.
Certain agencies that meet established profitability and production targets are
eligible for "key agent" status. At December 31, 2005, these agencies
represented 21.5% of the Group's total agency force and wrote 42.5% of its book
of business. The policies placed by key agents have consistently produced a
lower loss ratio for the Group than policies placed by other agents.
The Group targets small business customers for its Commercial Lines segment. The
Group's typical Commercial Lines customer is a small business with a limited
number of employees that needs to conveniently purchase a package of coverages.
For the year 2005, this Commercial Lines customer group, categorized by
commercial premium volume, included approximately 49% contractors/artisans, 19%
mercantile, 19% service, 7% manufacturers and 6% other. The Group believes this
small business customer group offers an opportunity to achieve superior
underwriting results through development and maintenance of strong agent and
customer relationships and application of the Group's underwriting and pricing
expertise.
The Group markets its Specialty Lines segment predominately to policyholders who
have purchased commercial automobile and general liability policies and have a
need for additional coverage under umbrella policies to cover costs which might
exceed the underlying policies limits or are not covered under such policies.
Specialty Lines also includes the marketing of the fidelity and surety products
to employers and other parties in need of insurance against dishonest acts of
bonded employees as well as the non-performance of parties under contractual
agreements.
The Group markets personal automobile insurance primarily to standard and
preferred risk drivers. Standard and preferred risk drivers are those who have
met certain criteria, including a driving record which reflects a low historical
incidence of at-fault accidents and moving violations of traffic laws. The Group
also markets the homeowners insurance product to individuals to provide coverage
for damage to their home and/or personal property.
COMPETITION
The property and casualty insurance industry is highly competitive. The Group
competes on the basis of service, price and coverage. According to A.M. Best,
based on net insurance premiums written in 2004, the latest year for which
industry-wide comparison statistics are available:
o more than $436 billion of net premiums were written by property and
casualty insurance companies in the United States and no one company or
company group had a market share greater than approximately 10.9%; and
o the Group ranked as the forty-seventh largest property and casualty
insurance group in the United States.
6
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
REGULATION
STATE REGULATION
The Corporation's insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation and
supervision in the states in which they are domiciled and in which they are
licensed to transact business. The Company, American Fire, Ohio Security and
OCNJ are all domiciled in Ohio. West American and Avomark are domiciled in
Indiana. Collectively, the Corporation's subsidiaries are licensed to transact
business in 49 states and the District of Columbia, actively writing in
approximately 40 states. Although the federal government does not directly
regulate the insurance industry, federal initiatives can impact the industry.
The authority of state insurance departments extends to various matters,
including:
o the establishment of standards of solvency, which must be met and
maintained by insurers;
o the licensing of insurers and agents;
o the imposition of restrictions on investments;
o approval and regulation of premium rates and policy forms for property and
casualty insurance;
o the payment of dividends and distributions;
o the provisions which insurers must make for current losses and future
liabilities; and
o the deposit of securities for the benefit of policyholders.
State insurance departments also conduct periodic examinations of the financial
and business affairs of insurance companies and require the filing of annual and
other reports relating to the financial condition of insurance companies.
Regulatory agencies require that premium rates not be excessive, inadequate or
unfairly discriminatory. In general, the Corporation's insurance subsidiaries
must file all rates for personal and commercial insurance with the insurance
department of each state in which they operate.
State laws also regulate insurance holding company systems. Each insurance
holding company in a holding company system is required to register with the
insurance supervisory agency of its state of domicile and furnish information
concerning the operations of companies within the holding company system that
may materially affect the operations, management or financial condition of the
insurers. Pursuant to these laws, the respective departments may examine the
parent and the insurance subsidiaries at any time and require prior approval or
notice of various transactions including dividends or distributions to the
parent from the subsidiary domiciled in that state.
These state laws also require prior notice or regulatory agency approval of
changes in control of an insurer or its holding company and of other material
transfers of assets within the holding company structure. Under applicable
provisions of Indiana and Ohio insurance statutes, the states in which the
members of the Group are domiciled, a person would not be permitted to acquire
direct or indirect control of the Corporation or any of its insurance
subsidiaries, unless that person had obtained prior approval of the Indiana
Insurance Commissioner and the Ohio Superintendent of Insurance. For the
purposes of Indiana and Ohio insurance laws, any person acquiring more than 10%
of the voting securities of a company is presumed to have acquired "control" of
that company.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COMMISSIONERS (NAIC)
The Corporation's insurance subsidiaries are subject to the general statutory
accounting practices and reporting formats established by the NAIC. The NAIC
also promulgates model insurance laws and regulations relating to the financial
condition and operations of insurance companies, including the Insurance
Regulating Information System.
NAIC model laws and rules are not usually applicable unless enacted into law or
promulgated into regulation by the individual states. The adoption of NAIC model
laws and regulations is a key aspect of the NAIC Financial Regulations Standards
and Accreditation Program, which also sets forth minimum staffing and resource
levels for all state insurance departments. Ohio and Indiana are accredited.
7
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
The NAIC has developed a "Risk-Based Capital" model for property and casualty
insurers. The model is used to establish standards, which relate insurance
company statutory surplus to risks of operations and assist regulators in
determining solvency requirements. The standards are designed to assess capital
adequacy and to raise the level of protection that statutory surplus provides
for policyholders. The Risk-Based Capital model measures the following four
major areas of risk to which property and casualty insurers are exposed:
o asset and liability risk;
o credit risk;
o underwriting risk; and
o off-balance sheet risk.
The Risk-Based Capital model law requires the calculation of a ratio of total
adjusted capital to Authorized Control Level (ACL) risk-based capital. Based
upon the unaudited 2005 statutory financial statements, all insurance companies
in the Group significantly exceeded 200% of the ACL, which represents the level
below which there could be regulatory intervention and corrective action.
REGULATIONS ON DIVIDENDS
The Corporation is dependent on dividend payments from its insurance
subsidiaries in order to meet or fund operating expenses, debt obligations,
common stock repurchases and shareholder dividend payments. Insurance regulatory
authorities impose various restrictions and prior approval requirements on the
payment of dividends by insurance companies and holding companies. This
regulation allows dividends to equal the greater of (1) 10% of policyholders'
surplus or (2) 100% of the insurer's net income, each determined as of the
preceding year end, without prior approval of the insurance department.
Dividend payments to the Corporation from the Company are limited to
approximately $415.0 million during 2006 without prior approval of the Ohio
insurance department based on 100% of the Company's net income for the year
ending December 31, 2005. Additional restrictions limiting the amount of
dividends paid by the Company to the Corporation may result from the minimum
risk-based capital requirements in the Corporation's revolving credit agreement
as disclosed in Item 15, Note 15, Debt, in the Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements on pages 82 and 83 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
POOLING AGREEMENT
All of the Company's insurance subsidiaries, except OCNJ, have entered into an
intercompany reinsurance pooling agreement with the Company. As of January 1,
2005, the Company, the lead company of the pool, assumes and retains 100% of the
pool's underwriting experience. There are no retrocessions to the Company's
insurance subsidiaries.
Prior to January 1, 2005, under the terms of the previous intercompany
reinsurance pooling agreement, all of the participants' outstanding underwriting
liabilities as of January 1, 1984, and all subsequent insurance transactions
were pooled. The participating insurance subsidiaries shared in underwriting
activity in 2004 and 2003 based on the following percentages:
Insurance Subsidiary Percentage of Losses
- -------------------- --------------------
The Company 46.75%
West American 46.75
American Fire 5.00
Ohio Security 1.00
Avomark 0.50
8
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
INVESTMENTS
The distribution of the Consolidated Corporation's invested assets is determined
by a number of factors, including:
o rates of return;
o investment risks;
o insurance law requirements;
o diversification;
o liquidity needs;
o tax planning;
o general market conditions; and
o business mix and liability payout patterns.
Periodically, the investment portfolios are reallocated subject to the
parameters set by management, under the direction of the Finance Committee of
the Board of Directors. Management evaluates the investment portfolio on a
regular basis to determine the optimal investment strategy based upon the
factors mentioned above.
Assets relating to property and casualty operations are invested to maximize
after-tax returns with appropriate diversification of risk. As a result of
improved underwriting profitability, the Consolidated Corporation began to
increase funds invested in tax-exempt securities during 2004 and 2005. This
change has resulted in lower before-tax investment income, but has also been
accompanied by a lower effective tax rate on investment income due to the
tax-exempt status of the securities.
Equity securities are marked to fair value on the consolidated balance sheets.
As a result, shareholders' equity and statutory surplus fluctuate with changes
in the value of the equity portfolio. The effect of future stock market
volatility is managed by maintaining an appropriate ratio of equity securities
to shareholders' equity and statutory surplus.
See further detailed information and discussion on the results and liquidity of
the Consolidated Corporation's investment portfolio in the "Investment Results"
section on pages 30-33 and the "Investment Portfolio" section on pages 55-57 of
Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operation, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
LIABILITIES FOR UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
Liabilities for losses and loss adjustment expenses (LAE) are established for
the estimated ultimate costs of settling claims for insured events, both
reported claims and incurred but not reported claims, based on information known
as of the evaluation date. The estimated liabilities include direct costs of the
loss under terms of insurance policies, as well as legal fees and general
expenses of administering the claims adjustment process. Because of the inherent
future uncertainties in estimating ultimate costs of settling claims, actual
losses and LAE may deviate substantially from the amounts recorded in the
Consolidated Corporation's financial statements. Furthermore, the timing,
frequency and extent of adjustments to the estimated liabilities cannot be
accurately predicted since conditions, events and trends which led to historical
loss and LAE development and which serve as the basis for estimating ultimate
claims cost may not occur in the future in exactly the same manner, if at all.
As more information becomes available and claims are settled, the estimated
liabilities are adjusted upward or downward with the effect of increasing or
decreasing net income at the time of the adjustments. The effect of these
adjustments may have a material adverse impact on the results of operations of
the Group.
The following tables present an analysis of losses and LAE and related
liabilities for the periods indicated. The first table represents the impact of
current and prior accident years on calendar year losses and LAE. The second
table displays the development of losses and LAE liabilities as of successive
year-end evaluations for each of the past ten years.
9
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
Reconciliation of Liabilities for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions)
2005 2004 2003
-------- -------- --------
Net liabilities, balance as of January 1 $2,186.1 $2,131.3 $2,079.3
Incurred related to:
Current year 927.4 958.1 993.3
Prior years (20.1) (21.8) 34.1
-------- -------- --------
Total incurred 907.3 936.3 1,027.4
Paid related to:
Current year 327.9 354.1 388.6
Prior years 503.3 527.4 586.8
-------- -------- --------
Total paid 831.2 881.5 975.4
Net liabilities, balance as of December 31 2,262.2 2,186.1 2,131.3
Reinsurance recoverable 684.6 570.3 496.5
-------- -------- --------
Gross liabilities, balance as of December 31 $2,946.8 $2,756.4 $2,627.8
======== ======== ========
The accounting policies used to estimate liabilities for losses and LAE are
considered critical accounting policies and are further discussed in the
"Critical Accounting Policies" section and "Loss and LAE" sub-sections of Item
7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operation, on pages 41-52 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition loss
and LAE liabilities are further discussed in Note 1J, Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies and Note 8, Losses and Loss Reserves, in the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements on pages 68 and 79 of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
10
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
Analysis of Development of Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Liabilities
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
- -------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net liability as originally
estimated: $1,557.1 $1,486.6 $1,421.8 $1,865.6 $1,823.3 $1,907.3 $1,982.0 $2,079.3 $2,131.3 $2,186.1 $2,262.2
Life Operations Liability 3.9 3.7 0.1 0.1 - - - - - - -
P&C Operations Liability $1,553.2 $1,482.9 $1,421.7 $1,865.5 $1,823.3 $1,907.3 $1,982.0 $2,079.3 $2,131.3 $2,186.1 $2,262.2
Net cumulative payments as of:
One year later 486.2 483.6 449.8 640.2 614.0 609.1 608.9 586.8 527.4 503.3
Two years later 772.7 747.4 751.2 999.1 960.5 1,002.7 1,015.2 951.5 865.8
Three years later 944.3 950.1 919.3 1,223.3 1,226.2 1,290.4 1,281.9 1,212.9
Four years later 1,080.4 1,058.3 1,016.9 1,385.2 1,399.5 1,465.9 1,457.6
Five years later 1,151.0 1,121.3 1,088.7 1,485.7 1,504.1 1,584.1
Six years later 1,198.3 1,171.2 1,137.6 1,548.2 1,578.6
Seven years later 1,239.3 1,207.0 1,171.3 1,601.1
Eight years later 1,271.2 1,233.5 1,205.2
Nine years later 1,293.2 1,263.1
Ten years later 1,319.4
Gross cumulative payments as of:
One year later 500.1 498.3 469.9 654.2 636.5 647.1 636.8 674.9 609.9 538.4
Two years later 798.1 781.9 775.4 1,022.2 1,007.1 1,060.6 1,122.7 1,111.6 972.2
Three years later 988.7 983.4 950.4 1,261.1 1,281.4 1,404.5 1,455.5 1,387.1
Four years later 1,123.2 1,098.7 1,057.5 1,426.5 1,492.0 1,620.5 1,619.1
Five years later 1,200.6 1,171.2 1,131.5 1,532.4 1,616.7 1,723.7
Six years later 1,257.4 1,223.2 1,187.0 1,601.0 1,666.9
Seven years later 1,300.6 1,265.3 1,226.7 1,626.7
Eight years later 1,338.8 1,297.2 1,232.1
Nine years later 1,366.2 1,298.3
Ten years later 1,363.9
11
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
Analysis of Development of Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Liabilities
(continued)
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
- ----------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net liability
re-estimated as of:
One year later 1,474.8 1,428.0 1,355.6 1,888.4 1,880.2 1,965.8 2,066.4 2,115.2 2,109.5 2,166.0
Two years later 1,441.1 1,403.1 1,386.4 1,885.2 1,907.6 2,066.1 2,139.5 2,128.5 2,120.2
Three years later 1,445.7 1,439.0 1,400.7 1,901.8 1,997.6 2,131.1 2,165.1 2,171.1
Four years later 1,478.8 1,456.9 1,392.0 1,975.8 2,032.9 2,157.5 2,235.9
Five years later 1,497.6 1,448.0 1,441.7 1,993.4 2,058.9 2,236.0
Six years later 1,492.0 1,489.8 1,459.7 2,018.0 2,128.3
Seven years later 1,532.2 1,504.2 1,469.1 2,073.5
Eight years later 1,548.0 1,510.7 1,502.6
Nine years later 1,554.0 1,543.1
Ten years later 1,582.7
Decrease (increase) in
original estimates: $ (29.6) $ (60.2) $ (80.9) $ (207.9) $ (305.0) $ (328.7) $ (254.0) $ (91.9) $ 11.1 $ 20.1
Net liability as
originally estimated: $1,553.2 $1,482.9 $1,421.7 $1,865.5 $1,823.3 $1,907.3 $1,982.0 $2,079.3 $2,131.3 $2,186.1 $2,262.2
Reinsurance recoverable
on unpaid losses
and LAE 71.1 64.7 60.0 80.2 85.1 96.2 168.7 354.4 496.5 570.3 684.6
Gross liability as
originally estimated: $1,631.2 $1,556.7 $1,483.8 $1,956.9 $1,908.5 $2,003.5 $2,150.7 $2,433.7 $2,627.8 $2,756.4 $2,946.8
Life Operations
Liability 7.0 9.1 2.2 11.2 - - - - - - -
P&C Operations
Liability 1,624.2 1,547.6 1,481.7 1,945.8 1,908.5 2,003.5 2,150.7 2,433.7 2,627.8 2,756.4 2,946.8
One year later 1,546.0 1,496.1 1,447.0 1,972.9 1,981.1 2,129.9 2,346.9 2,558.2 2,615.5 2,796.1
Two years later 1,515.0 1,507.4 1,477.9 1,975.7 2,041.7 2,310.6 2,502.4 2,576.1 2,685.0
Three years later 1,561.7 1,537.4 1,495.8 2,006.1 2,189.9 2,432.4 2,536.2 2,677.8
Four years later 1,585.5 1,559.5 1,495.6 2,114.3 2,261.6 2,465.3 2,660.8
Five years later 1,608.3 1,558.2 1,571.1 2,155.4 2,291.8 2,592.1
Six years later 1,609.8 1,623.2 1,618.8 2,175.4 2,385.2
Seven years later 1,671.4 1,667.9 1,624.6 2,247.3
Eight years later 1,718.2 1,672.6 1,670.9
Nine years later 1,722.6 1,715.7
Ten years later 1,761.3
Decrease (increase)
in original
estimates: (137.1) (168.1) (189.3) (301.6) (476.7) (588.5) (510.1) (244.1) (57.1) (39.8)
12
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
REINSURANCE
Reinsurance is a contract by which one insurer, called a reinsurer, agrees to
cover, under certain defined circumstances, a portion of the losses incurred by
a primary insurer in the event a claim is made under a policy issued by the
primary insurer. The Group purchases reinsurance to protect against large or
catastrophic losses. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Group of their
obligations to policyholders. The collectibility of reinsurance depends on the
solvency of the reinsurers at the time any claims are presented. The Group
monitors each reinsurer's financial health and claims settlement performance
because reinsurance protection is an important component of the Consolidated
Corporation's financial plan. There are several programs that provide
reinsurance coverage and the programs in effect for 2005 are discussed in the
"Reinsurance Programs" section of Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operation, on page 55 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K. Additionally, reinsurance is further discussed in Item 7,
"Critical Accounting Policies" section on page 41 and 42 and Item 15, Note 1K,
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies on page 68 and Note 6, Reinsurance,
in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 77 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K.
SEASONALITY
The Group's insurance business experiences modest seasonality with regard to
premiums written, which are usually highest in January and July and lowest
during the fourth quarter. Although written premium experiences modest
seasonality, premiums are earned ratably over the period of coverage. Losses and
LAE incurred tend to remain consistent throughout the year, unless a catastrophe
occurs. Catastrophes can occur at any time during the year from weather-related
events that include, but are not limited to, hail, tornadoes, hurricanes and
windstorms.
EMPLOYEES
At December 31, 2005, the Company had 2,125 employees of which approximately
1,400 were located in the Fairfield and Hamilton, Ohio offices.
(d) FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
The Group's business is geographically concentrated in the Mid-West and
Mid-Atlantic regions. The following table shows consolidated direct premiums
written for the Group's ten largest states:
Ten Largest States
Direct Premiums Written
($ in millions)
Percent Percent Percent
2005 of Total 2004 of Total 2003 of Total
------ -------- ------ -------- ------ --------
New Jersey $156.0 10.4 New Jersey $168.5 10.7 New Jersey $166.9 10.6
Pennsylvania 139.2 9.3 Pennsylvania 139.6 8.8 Ohio 140.1 8.9
Kentucky 128.1 8.5 Ohio 135.7 8.6 Pennsylvania 129.1 8.2
Ohio 127.8 8.5 Kentucky 131.5 8.3 Kentucky 122.0 7.8
North Carolina 74.8 5.0 Illinois 75.6 4.8 Illinois 81.1 5.2
Maryland 73.8 4.9 North Carolina 75.5 4.8 North Carolina 77.7 4.9
Illinois 68.8 4.6 Maryland 73.2 4.6 Maryland 70.2 4.5
Texas 64.5 4.3 Texas 70.2 4.4 Texas 65.7 4.2
Oklahoma 54.5 3.6 Indiana 56.6 3.6 New York 63.3 4.0
Indiana 48.3 3.2 New York 54.9 3.5 Indiana 60.9 3.9
------ ---- ------ ---- ------ ----
$935.8 62.3 $981.3 62.1 $977.0 62.2
====== ==== ====== ==== ====== ====
13
ITEM 1. CONTINUED
(e) AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Corporation's internet website is www.ocas.com. The Corporation provides a
hyperlink to the website of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),
www.sec.gov, where the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly
Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to these
reports (SEC Reports) are available as soon as reasonably practicable after the
Corporation has electronically filed or furnished them to the SEC. The
information contained on the Corporation's website is not incorporated by
reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered part
of this report except as stated in Part III, Item 10.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
RISKS RELATING TO THE PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INDUSTRY
o INSURANCE COMPANIES ARE SUBJECT TO EXTENSIVE GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation and supervision
in the jurisdictions in which they do business. Regulation is generally designed
to protect the interests of policyholders, shareholders and non-policyholder
creditors. Examples of governmental regulation that have adversely affected the
operations of our insurance subsidiaries include:
o the adoption in several states of legislation and other regulatory
action intended to reduce the premiums paid for automobile insurance
by residents of those states; and
o requirements that insurance companies pay assessments to support
associations that fund state-sponsored insurance operations, or
involuntarily issue policies for high-risk automobile drivers.
Regulations that could adversely affect our insurance subsidiaries also include
statutory surplus and risk-based capital requirements. Maintaining appropriate
levels of statutory surplus, as measured by statutory accounting practices and
procedures, is considered important by state insurance regulatory authorities
and the private agencies that rate insurers' claims-paying abilities and
financial strength. The failure of an insurance subsidiary to maintain levels of
statutory surplus that are sufficient for the amount of insurance written by it
could result in increased regulatory scrutiny, action by state regulatory
authorities or a downgrade by rating agencies.
Similarly, the NAIC has adopted a system of assessing minimum capital adequacy
that is applicable to our insurance subsidiaries. This system, known as
risk-based capital, is used to identify companies that may merit further
regulatory action by analyzing the adequacy of the insurer's surplus in relation
to statutory requirements.
Because state legislatures remain concerned about the availability and
affordability of property and casualty insurance and the protection of
policyholders, the Group expects that they will continue to face efforts to
regulate their operations. Any one of these efforts could adversely affect the
operating results and financial condition of the Group.
In addition, regulatory authorities have broad discretion to deny or revoke
licenses for various reasons, including the violation of regulations. In some
instances, where there is uncertainty as to applicability, the Group follows
practices based on their interpretations of regulations or practices that they
believe generally to be followed by the industry. These practices may turn out
to be different from the interpretations of regulatory authorities. If the Group
does not have the requisite licenses and approvals or do not comply with
applicable regulatory requirements, insurance regulatory authorities could
preclude or temporarily suspend them from carrying on some or all of their
activities or otherwise penalize them. This could adversely affect the Group's
ability to operate their businesses. Further, changes in the level of regulation
of the insurance industry or changes in laws or regulations themselves or
interpretations by regulatory authorities could adversely affect the Group's
ability to operate its' business.
o INSURANCE COMPANIES ARE SUBJECT TO THE UNPREDICTABILITY OF COURT DECISIONS
The financial position of our insurance subsidiaries also may be affected by
court decisions that expand insurance coverage beyond the intention of the
insurer at the time it originally issued an insurance policy. As a result, the
full extent of liability under the policy may not be known for many years after
a contract is issued.
14
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
The United States Senate, the Department of Labor, the NAIC, as well as the
attorneys general and insurance regulatory officials of various states have and
in certain instances are currently investigating the character and extent of
certain market practices within the insurance industry. These practices include,
but may not be limited to, the payment of contingent commissions by insurance
companies to insurance brokers and agents and the extent to which compensation
to producers has been disclosed to insureds, the solicitation and provision of
fictitious or inflated quotes, the illegal tying of insurance contracts to
reinsurance placements, the use of improper inducements to employers. In
addition to these government investigations, class action lawsuits relating to
these market practices and specific types of illegal activity have been filed
against various members of the insurance industry.
o EXTERNAL FACTORS IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY MAY NEGATIVELY AFFECT OUR
BUSINESS
External factors beyond our control impacting the insurance industry in general
could cause our results of operations to suffer. Our industry is exposed to the
risks of severe weather conditions, such as rainstorms, snowstorms, hail and ice
storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, explosions, terrorist attacks and
riots. The insurance business is also affected by cost trends that impact
profitability. Factors which negatively affect cost trends include inflation and
increased litigation of claims.
o NEW CLAIM AND COVERAGE ISSUES IN THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY MAY NEGATIVELY
IMPACT OUR INCOME
As insurance industry practices and regulatory, judicial, and consumer
conditions change, unexpected and unintended issues related to claims and
coverage may emerge. The issues can have a negative effect on our business by
either extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or by increasing the
size of claims. Recent examples of emerging claims and coverage issues include:
o the use of an applicant's credit rating as a factor in making risk
selection and pricing decisions;
o the availability of coverages which pay different commission levels
to agents depending upon premium level; and
o a growing trend of plaintiffs targeting automobile insurers in
purported class action litigation relating to claims-handling
practices.
The effects of these and other unforeseen emerging claim and coverage issues
could negatively impact our revenues or our methods of doing business.
o THE PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE BUSINESS IS HIGHLY CYCLICAL AND
INTENSELY COMPETITIVE
The Group has experienced, and expects to experience in the future, prolonged
periods of intense competition during which they are unable to increase prices
sufficiently to cover costs. The inability of the Group to compete successfully
in the insurance lines in which they participate could adversely affect the
Group's operating results and financial condition.
The Group competes with domestic and foreign insurers, many of which have
greater financial resources than the Group. Competition involves many factors,
including:
o the perceived overall financial strength of the insurer;
o levels of customer service to agents and policyholders, including
the speed with which the insurer issues policies and pays claims;
o terms, conditions and prices of products; and
o experience in the insurance business.
A number of new, proposed or potential legislative or industry developments
could further increase competition in the property and casualty insurance
industry. These developments include:
o the enactment of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, which could
result in increased competition from new entrants to the market,
including banks and other financial service companies;
o the implementation of commercial lines deregulation in several
states, which could increase competition from standard carriers for
excess and surplus lines of business;
15
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
o regulation of the use of credit scoring in the underwriting of
insurance policies;
o programs in which state-sponsored entities provide property
insurance in catastrophe prone areas or other alternative market
types of coverage; and
o changing practices caused by the Internet, which have led to greater
competition in the insurance business and, in some cases, greater
expectations for customer service.
New competition as a result of these developments could cause the supply or
demand for insurance to change, which could adversely affect our results of
operations and financial condition.
The personal automobile and homeowners' insurance businesses are especially
competitive and, except for regulatory considerations, there are relatively few
barriers to entry. We compete with both large national writers and smaller
regional companies. Some of our competitors have more capital and greater
resources than we have, and may offer a broader range of products and lower
prices than we offer. Some of our competitors that are direct writers, as
opposed to agency writers as we are, may have certain competitive advantages,
including increased name recognition, direct relationships with policyholders
rather than with independent agents and, potentially, lower cost structures. All
of these factors could potentially negatively impact our revenues.
o THE THREAT OF TERRORISM, CONTINUED MILITARY ACTIONS AND POLITICAL
INSTABILITY MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT THE LEVEL OF CLAIM LOSSES WE INCUR
As a property and casualty insurer, we may have substantial exposure to losses
resulting from acts of war, acts of terrorism and political instability. These
risks are inherently unpredictable, although recent events may lead to increased
frequency and severity. It is difficult to predict their occurrence with
statistical certainty or to estimate the amount of loss an occurrence will
generate.
In addition, on November 26, 2002, Congress enacted the Terrorism Risk Insurance
Act of 2002, or TRIA, which requires mandatory offers of terrorism coverage to
all commercial policyholders, including workers' compensation and surety
policyholders. TRIA provides that in the event of a terrorist attack on behalf
of a foreign interest resulting in insurance industry losses of $5 million or
greater, the U.S. government will provide funding to the insurance industry on
an annual aggregate basis of 90% of covered losses up to $100 billion. Each
insurance company is subject to a deductible, which is a percentage of that
company's direct earned premiums for the prior year, and this percentage
increases in each of the three calendar years covered by TRIA, 2003 to 2005. On
December 22, 2005, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Extension Act of 2005 was signed
into law, which reauthorizes the TRIA program for two years, while expanding the
private sector role and reducing the federal share of compensation for insured
losses under the program. In 2005 and 2004, our deductible totaled $161.3
million and $104.5 million. Under TRIA, our deductible is calculated as a
percentage of our direct earned premium for covered lines of business.
We believe that we have reduced our exposure to terrorism risk by focusing our
commercial lines business on small-to-medium-sized businesses and monitoring the
aggregate exposure in large urban areas with highly visible targets. We also
believe that we have secured enough reinsurance coverage to cover potential
claims.
Nevertheless, because of the unavailability of, or limitations on, reinsurance
for these risks, we will continue to be exposed to commercial losses that arise
from terrorism. Moreover, any future attacks could have a significant adverse
affect on general economic, market and political conditions, potentially
increasing other risks in our business. We cannot assess the effects of future
terrorist attacks and any ensuing responsive actions on our business at this
time, but they could be material.
RISK RELATING TO THE CONSOLIDATED CORPORATION
o OUR SUCCESS DEPENDS UPON OUR ABILITY TO UNDERWRITE RISKS ACCURATELY AND TO
CHARGE ADEQUATE RATES TO POLICYHOLDERS AND TO SETTLE CLAIMS EXPEDITIOUSLY
AND FAIRLY
Our operating performance and financial condition depend on our ability to
underwrite and set rates accurately for a full spectrum of risks. Rate adequacy
is necessary to generate sufficient premiums to offset losses, loss adjustment
expense and underwriting expenses and to earn a profit. If we fail to assess
accurately the risks that we assume, we may fail to establish adequate premium
rates, which could reduce income and have a material adverse effect on our
operating results or financial condition.
16
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
In order to price accurately, we must collect and properly analyze a substantial
volume of data; develop, test and apply appropriate rating formulae; closely
monitor and timely recognize changes in trends; and project both severity and
frequency of losses with reasonable accuracy. Our ability to undertake these
efforts successfully, and as a result, to price accurately, is subject to a
number of risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation:
o availability of sufficient reliable data;
o incorrect or incomplete analysis of available data;
o uncertainties inherent in estimates and assumptions, generally;
o selection and application of appropriate rating formulae or other
pricing methodologies;
o our ability to innovate in the future as new or improved pricing
strategies emerge;
o unanticipated court decisions, legislation or regulatory action;
o ongoing changes in our claim settlement practices, which can
influence the amounts paid on claims;
o changes in consumer and claimant behavior, which could adversely
affect both frequency and severity of claims;
o changing auto driving patterns, which could adversely affect both
frequency and severity of claims;
o unexpected inflation in the medical sector of the economy, resulting
in increased workers' compensation, bodily injury and personal
injury protection claim severity; and
o unanticipated inflation in auto repair costs, auto parts prices and
used car prices, adversely affecting auto physical damage claim
severity.
Such risks may result in our pricing being based on inadequate or inaccurate
data or inappropriate analyses, assumptions or methodologies, and may cause us
to incorrectly estimate future changes in the frequency or severity of claims.
As a result, we could under price risks, which would negatively affect our
margins, or we could overprice risks, which could reduce our volume and
competitiveness. In either event, our operating results and financial condition
could be materially adversely affected.
o WE MAY FACE SIGNIFICANT LOSSES FROM CATASTROPHES AND SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS
The Group has experienced, and is expected in the future to experience,
catastrophe losses. It is possible that a catastrophic event or a series of
catastrophic events could have a material adverse effect on the operating
results and financial condition of the Group.
Various events can cause catastrophes, including hurricanes, windstorms,
earthquakes, hail, terrorism, explosions, severe winter weather and fires. The
frequency and severity of these catastrophes are inherently unpredictable. The
extent of losses from a catastrophe is a function of both the total amount of
insured exposures in the area affected by the event and the severity of the
event. Although catastrophes can cause losses in a variety of property and
casualty lines, most of the catastrophe-related claims of the Group are related
to homeowners' and commercial property coverages.
Our insurance subsidiaries seek to reduce their exposure to catastrophe losses
through their underwriting strategies and the purchase of catastrophe
reinsurance. Nevertheless, reinsurance may prove inadequate if:
o major catastrophic losses exceed our reinsurance limit; or
o the Group incurs a high frequency of smaller catastrophic loss
events which, individually, fall below our retention level; or
o a reinsurer incurs claims with multiple insurers that may negatively
impact surplus and their ability to pay.
Claims resulting from natural or man-made catastrophic events could cause
substantial volatility in our financial results for any fiscal quarter or year
and could materially reduce our profitability or harm our financial condition.
Our ability to write new business also could be affected. We believe that
increases in the value and geographic concentration of insured property and the
effects of inflation could increase the severity of claims from
17
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
catastrophic events in the future. In addition, from time to time, legislation
is passed that has the effect of limiting the ability of insurers to manage
catastrophe risk, such as legislation prohibiting insurers from adopting
terrorism exclusions or withdrawing from catastrophe-prone areas. Governmental
regulation of this type is discussed above under the risk factors "Risk
Factors--Risks Relating to the Property and Casualty Industry--Insurance
companies are subject to extensive governmental regulation and the
unpredictability of court decisions" and "Risk Factors--Risks Relating to the
Consolidated Corporation--War, Terrorism and Political Instability."
o ACTUAL COSTS INCURRED ON CLAIMS MAY EXCEED CURRENT RESERVES ESTABLISHED
FOR CLAIMS
The Group maintains loss reserves to provide for their estimated ultimate
liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses with respect to reported and
unreported claims incurred as of the end of each accounting period. If these
loss reserves prove inadequate, then the Group's operating results and financial
condition will be adversely affected.
Reserves do not represent an exact calculation of liability. Instead, reserves
represent estimates, generally involving actuarial projections at a given time,
of what the Group expects the ultimate settlement and adjustment of claims will
cost, net of salvage and subrogation. Estimates are based on assessments of
known facts and circumstances, estimates of future trends in claims severity and
frequency, changing judicial theories of liability and other factors. These
variables are affected by both internal and external events, including changes
in claims handling procedures, economic inflation, unpredictability of court
decisions, plaintiffs' expanded theories of liability, risks inherent in major
litigation and legislative changes. Many of these items are not directly
quantifiable, particularly on a prospective basis. Additionally, significant
reporting lags may exist between the occurrence of an insured event and the time
it is actually reported. The Group adjusts the reserve estimates regularly as
experience develops and further claims are reported and settled.
Because the establishment of reserves is an inherently uncertain process
involving estimates of future losses, previously established reserves may prove
inadequate in light of actual experience. There are several types of insurance
coverage provided by our insurance subsidiaries where the establishment of loss
reserves is particularly difficult:
o umbrella and excess liability losses, which are particularly
affected by significant delays in the reporting of claims,
relatively large amounts of insurance coverage, unpredictability of
court decisions and plaintiffs' expanded theories of liability;
o asbestos and environmental losses, which are particularly affected
by significant delays in the reporting of claims, unpredictability
of court decisions, plaintiffs' expanded theories of liability,
risks of major litigation and legislative developments; and
o construction defect losses, which are particularly affected by
complexity of multiple party involvement and unpredictability of
court decisions and plaintiffs' expanded theories of liability.
o workers' compensation losses, which are particularly affected by the
relatively long period of time to finalize claims and rising cost of
medical benefits on claims providing lifetime coverages.
The Group reflects adjustments to their reserves in the results of the periods
in which their estimates are changed. For example, in 2003, the Group added
$34.1 million to reserves for loss development on prior years' business on both
a GAAP and statutory basis. In 2005 and 2004, the Group reduced reserves by
$20.1 and $21.8 million for favorable development on prior years' business on a
GAAP basis, or $21.5 and $21.7 million on a statutory basis, respectively. For
additional discussion on the risk factors inherent in the loss and LAE reserves
see Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies section on pages 44-52 of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
o REINSURANCE SUBJECTS US TO THE CREDIT RISK OF REINSURERS AND MAY BE
INADEQUATE TO PROTECT US AGAINST LOSSES ARISING FROM CEDED INSURANCE.
FURTHER, REINSURANCE MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE AT PRICES WE DEEM REASONABLE
WHICH MAY LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO WRITE BUSINESS
Reinsurance is a contract by which one insurer, called a reinsurer, agrees to
cover a portion of the losses incurred by a second insurer in the event a claim
is made under a policy issued by the second insurer. The Group obtains
reinsurance to help manage its exposure to property and casualty risks.
Additionally, GAI has agreed to maintain reinsurance on the commercial lines
business that we acquired from GAI in 1998 for loss dates prior to December 1,
1998.
18
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
Although a reinsurer is liable to the Group according to the terms of the
reinsurance policy, the Group remains primarily liable as the direct insurer on
all risks reinsured. As a result, reinsurance does not eliminate the obligation
of the Group to pay all claims, and each insurance subsidiary is subject to the
risk that one or more of its reinsurers will be unable or unwilling to honor its
obligations.
The Group, except for OCNJ, pool their underwriting results, including
reinsurance, which means that their insurance operations are aggregated and then
reallocated among the participating insurers. Accordingly, if the reinsurance
obtained by one of our insurance subsidiaries, or the reinsurance obtained by
GAI related to the acquired commercial lines business, proves uncollectible or
inadequate, then the operating results and financial condition of all of our
insurance subsidiaries in the reinsurance pool will be adversely affected. The
reinsurance obtained by GAI relating to the acquired commercial lines business
is guaranteed by GAI in the event that the reinsurers are unable to pay.
The Group cannot guarantee that its reinsurers will pay in a timely fashion, if
at all. Reinsurers may become financially unsound by the time that they are
called upon to pay amounts due, which may not occur for many years.
Additionally, the availability and cost of reinsurance are subject to prevailing
market conditions beyond our control. For example, the terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001 and the recent hurricanes had a significant impact on the
reinsurance market. Some of the reinsurance contracts of the Group include
coverage for acts of terrorism. Instead of being unlimited as in the past,
however, terrorism coverage in 2004 contracts has been modified to exclude or
limit coverage.
If the Group is unable to obtain adequate reinsurance at commercially reasonable
rates, then the Group would have to either bear an increased risk in net
exposures or reduce the level of its underwriting commitments. Either of these
potential developments could have a material adverse effect upon the business
volume and profitability of the Group. For further information on the
Consolidated Corporation's reinsurance programs see Item 7, Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations on page
55 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
o IF THE GROUP IS UNABLE TO MAINTAIN ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ITS KEY AGENTS OR
IS UNABLE TO ATTRACT ADDITIONAL AGENTS, OUR BUSINESS AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS COULD BE ADVERSELY IMPACTED
Our future success will depend, in large part, upon the efforts of our
independent agents. The Group is represented by approximately 3,400 independent
insurance agencies with approximately 5,500 agency locations, each containing at
least one licensed agent of the Group. Certain agencies that meet established
profitability and production targets are eligible for "key agent" status. At
December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, these agencies represented 21.5% and
16.2%, respectively, of the Group's total agency force and wrote 42.5% and
39.8%, respectively, of its book of business. The policies placed by key agents
have consistently produced a lower loss ratio for the Group than policies placed
by other agents. In addition, as we expand our business, we may need to expand
our network of agencies to successfully market our products. We will need to
recruit and retain additional independent agents, but we may not be able to do
so.
If the Group was unable to maintain its relationships with its key agents or if
certain key agents no longer marketed and sold its products and if they were
unsuccessful in recruiting and retaining additional agents, our book of business
would likely decline and our results of operations would be adversely affected.
o OUR INSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES ARE SUBJECT TO MINIMUM CAPITAL AND SURPLUS
REQUIREMENTS THAT COULD RESULT IN A REGULATORY ACTION IF WE FAIL TO MEET
THESE REQUIREMENTS
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to minimum capital and surplus
requirements imposed under the laws of Ohio and Indiana. Any failure by one of
our insurance subsidiaries to meet the minimum capital and surplus requirements
imposed by applicable state law will subject it to corrective action, including
requiring the adoption of a comprehensive financial plan, examination and the
issuance of a corrective order by the applicable state insurance department,
revocation of its license to sell insurance products or placing of the
subsidiary under state regulatory control. Any new minimum capital and surplus
requirements adopted in the future may require us to increase our capital and
surplus levels, which we may be unable to do. As of December 31, 2005 and
December 31, 2004, each of our insurance subsidiaries had capital and surplus in
excess of the currently required amounts.
19
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
o OUR SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTING INSURANCE PRODUCTS IS EXTREMELY COMPETITIVE
Unlike some of our competitors, we do not distribute our products through agents
who sell products exclusively for one insurance company nor do we sell directly
to consumers. We distribute our products primarily through a network of
independent agents. These agents may sell our competitors' products and may stop
selling our products altogether. Strong competition exists among insurers for
agents with demonstrated ability. While we believe that the independent agent
distribution system offers service and underwriting advantages, using this
system requires us to compete with other insurers for agents, which we do
primarily on the basis of our support services, compensation, product features
and financial position. In addition, we face continued competition from our
competitors' products within our own distribution channel. Although we have
undertaken several initiatives to strengthen our relationships with our
independent agents and to make it easier and more attractive for them to sell
our products, we cannot provide assurance that these initiatives will be
successful. Sales of our insurance products and our results of operations could
be materially adversely affected if we should be unsuccessful in attracting and
retaining productive agents to sell our products.
The Group also competes with other companies that use exclusive agents or
salaried employees to sell their insurance products. Because these companies
generally pay lower commissions or do not pay any commissions, they may be able
to obtain business at a lower cost than the Group, which sells its products
primarily through independent agents and brokers who typically represent more
than one insurance company.
o OUR GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION TIES OUR PERFORMANCE TO THE ECONOMIC AND
REGULATORY CONDITIONS AND WEATHER-RELATED EVENTS IN THE MID-ATLANTIC AND
MID-WESTERN STATES
Our property and casualty insurance business is concentrated geographically.
Approximately 56.0% of our net premiums written are for insurance policies
written in the Mid-Atlantic and Mid-Western regions. We are concentrated in
several Mid-Atlantic states, including New Jersey, Maryland, North Carolina and
Pennsylvania and several Mid-Western states, including Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois
and Indiana. Consequently, unusually severe storms or other natural or man-made
disasters in the states in which we write insurance could adversely affect our
operations. Our revenues and profitability are also subject to prevailing
economic and regulatory conditions in those states in which we write insurance.
Because our business is concentrated in a limited number of markets, we may be
exposed to risks of adverse developments that are greater than the risks of
having business in a greater number of markets.
o THE ABILITY OF OUR SUBSIDIARIES TO PAY DIVIDENDS MAY AFFECT OUR LIQUIDITY
AND ABILITY TO MEET OUR DEBT AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The Corporation is a holding company and a legal entity separate and distinct
from our insurance company subsidiaries. As a holding company without
significant operations of our own, our principal sources of funds are dividends
and other distributions from our insurance company subsidiaries. State insurance
laws limit the ability of our insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends and
require our insurance subsidiaries to maintain specified levels of statutory
capital and surplus. In addition, for competitive reasons, our insurance
subsidiaries need to maintain financial strength ratings, which requires us to
sustain capital levels in those subsidiaries. These restrictions affect the
ability of our insurance company subsidiaries to pay dividends and use their
capital in other ways. Our rights to participate in any distribution of assets
of our insurance company subsidiaries are subject to prior claims of
policyholders and creditors (except to the extent that our rights, if any, as a
creditor are recognized). Further, if our insurance subsidiaries cannot achieve
and maintain profitability in the future, then they will need to draw on their
surplus in order to pay dividends to enable us to meet our financial
obligations. As surplus is reduced, the insurance subsidiaries' ability to pay
additional dividends is also reduced.
Insurance companies write insurance based, in part, upon a ratio of premiums to
surplus. As the insurance subsidiaries' surplus is reduced by the payment of
dividends, continuing losses or both, our insurance subsidiaries' ability to
write insurance business could also be reduced. This could have a material
adverse effect upon the business volume and profitability of our insurance
subsidiaries. Consequently, our ability to repay our indebtedness, as well as
our ability to pay expenses and cash dividends to our shareholders, may be
limited. For further information on the regulation of dividends, refer to Item
1, page 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
20
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
o IF OUR NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR ISSUING AND MAINTAINING INSURANCE POLICIES DOES
NOT WORK AS INTENDED OR DOES NOT SATISFY THE AGENT'S NEEDS, IT COULD
DAMAGE OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH OUR AGENT NETWORK
Our agents want a cost effective, timely and simple system for issuing and
maintaining insurance policies. In 2001, we introduced into operation the Policy
Administration Rating and Issuance System ("P.A.R.I.S.(SM)") which is an
internal system used to create and maintain policies. P.A.R.I.S.(SM) also
provides the platform for a proprietary internet interface called P.A.R.I.S.
Express(SM) and a platform for upload and download of information called
P.A.R.I.S. Connect(SM). Our agents utilize these interfaces to quote and issue
both new business and endorsement business transactions. P.A.R.I.S.(SM) is the
cornerstone in our strategy of focusing on superior agent service. The success
of our strategic plan depends in part on our ability to provide our agents with
the technological advantages of P.A.R.I.S.(SM). If P.A.R.I.S.(SM) does not
continue to work as expected, or if it fails to satisfy agents' needs, we may
lose agents to insurers with preferred technologies. See Item 7, Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation for
information on rollout dates.
o OUR BUSINESS DEPENDS ON THE UNINTERRUPTED OPERATION OF ITS FACILITIES,
SYSTEMS AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING ITS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
OTHER BUSINESS SYSTEMS
Our business is highly dependent upon its employees' ability to perform, in an
efficient and uninterrupted fashion, necessary business functions, such as
information system support and maintaining disaster recovery procedures,
processing new and renewal policies, and processing and paying claims. Our
inability to access one or more of our systems, a power outage, or a failure of
technology, telecommunications or other systems could significantly impair our
ability to perform such functions on a timely basis. If sustained or repeated,
such a business interruption and systems failure could result in a deterioration
of our ability to write and process new and renewal business, provide customer
service, pay claims in a timely manner or perform other necessary business
functions. This could result in a materially adverse effect on our operating
results and financial condition.
o ALTHOUGH WE HAVE BEGUN TO PAY CASH DIVIDENDS, WE MAY NOT CONTINUE OR BE
ABLE TO PAY CASH DIVIDENDS IN THE FUTURE
We have reinstated a cash dividend to our shareholders during 2005 after four
years of not paying a dividend. However, future cash dividends will depend upon
our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and other
factors, including the ability of our insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends to
the Corporation. There can also be no assurance that we will continue to pay
dividends even if the necessary financial conditions are met and if sufficient
cash is available for distribution.
o A DOWNGRADE BY A RATING AGENCY MAY ADVERSELY IMPACT OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN
FINANCING AND RETAIN AGENTS. FURTHER, BECAUSE WE ARE A "SPLIT-RATED"
BORROWER, IT MAY RESULT IN A HIGHER COST OF BORROWING AS COMPARED TO
BORROWERS WITH ONLY INVESTMENT GRADE CREDIT RATINGS
Debt and financial strength ratings have become an increasingly important factor
in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies. Each rating
agency reviews its ratings periodically. A downgrade in the financial strength
rating of our insurance subsidiaries by a recognized rating agency could result
in a loss of business if agents or policyholders move to other companies with
higher financial strength ratings. This loss of business could have a material
adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of the
insurance subsidiaries and the ability of the insurance subsidiaries to pay
dividends. Generally, credit ratings affect the cost and availability of debt
financing. Often, borrowers with investment grade credit ratings can borrow at
lower rates than those available to similarly situated companies with ratings
that are below investment grade, and the availability of certain debt products
may be greater for borrowers with investment grade credit ratings. The
Corporation and the insurance subsidiaries are currently rated by A.M Best
Company (A.M. Best), Fitch, Inc. (Fitch), Moody's Investor Service (Moody's) and
Standard & Poor's (S&P).
A.M. Best's ratings for insurance companies currently range from "A++"
(Superior) to "F" (In Liquidation), and include 10 separate rating categories.
Within these categories, "A++" (Superior) and "A+" (Superior) are the highest,
followed by "A" (Excellent) and "A-" (Excellent). Publications of A.M. Best
indicate that the "A" and "A-" ratings are assigned to those companies that, in
A.M. Best's opinion, have demonstrated excellent overall performance when
compared to the standards established by A.M. Best and have demonstrated a
strong ability to meet their obligations to policyholders over a long period of
time. The A.M. Best rating for our insurance subsidiaries moved from "A+" to "A"
in 2000 and from "A" to "A-" in 2001. In June 2004, A.M. Best affirmed our
rating of "A-" and assigned a stable outlook on the rating.
21
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
Fitch's ratings for insurance companies range from "AAA" to "D," and include 12
different rating categories. Fitch may apply either a plus (+) or a minus (-)
sign in each generic rating classification from "AA" to "CCC." The plus (+) sign
indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating
category; the minus (-) sign indicates a ranking in the lower end of that
generic rating category. Publications of Fitch indicate that "A" ratings are
assigned to those companies that have demonstrated strong financial security. On
January 21, 2004, Fitch assigned a financial strength rating of "A-" to the
Group and also affirmed its "BBB-" senior debt and long term issuer ratings. In
June 2004, Fitch affirmed its financial strength rating of "A-" to the Group and
also affirmed its "BBB-" senior debt and long term issuer ratings when assigning
a rating to our 7.30% Senior Notes due 2014. In September 2005, Fitch affirmed
its financial strength rating of "A-" and re-affirmed its "BBB-" senior debt and
long term issuer ratings. The rating outlook was upgraded to positive. In
February 2006 the Corporation's long term issuer rating of "BBB-" was withdrawn.
Fitch assigned the Corporation an issuer default rating of "BBB" with a positive
outlook and maintained the senior debt rating at "BBB-.
Moody's ratings for insurance companies range from "Aaa" to "C," and include 9
different ratings categories. Moody's applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in
each generic rating classification from "Aa" through "Caa." The modifier 1
indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating
category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3
indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Publications of Moody's indicate that "A" ratings are assigned to those
companies that have demonstrated good financial security. In 2001, Moody's
affirmed its "A2" rating of our insurance subsidiaries and issued a stable
outlook. In November 2002, Moody's downgraded our insurance subsidiaries' "A2"
rating to "A3" and issued a stable outlook. In June 2003, Moody's affirmed the
"A3" rating and issued a stable outlook. In June 2004, Moody's assigned a Baa3
rating to our 7.30% Senior Notes due 2014. The financial strength rating and
outlook were unaffected. In March 2005, Moody's affirmed the A3 and Baa3 ratings
with a stable outlook.
S&P's ratings for insurance companies currently range from "AAA" (Extremely
Strong) to "R" (Under Regulatory Supervision), and include 10 different ratings
categories. S&P's may apply either a plus (+) or minus (-) sign in each generic
rating classification from "AA" to "CCC." The plus (+) sign indicates that the
obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the minus (-)
sign indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
Publications of S&P's indicate that an insurer rated "BBB" or higher is regarded
as having financial security characteristics that outweigh any vulnerabilities,
and is highly likely to have the ability to meet financial commitments. The
S&P's rating for our insurance subsidiaries moved from "A+" to "BBB+" in 2000
and from "BBB+" to "BBB" in 2001. In October 2002, S&P's revised its outlook to
negative from stable. In the first quarter of 2004 S&P's changed its outlook
from negative to stable and affirmed the ratings of our insurance subsidiaries.
In December 2004, S&P's revised its outlook to positive from stable, and
affirmed its "BBB" financial strength rating on the Group's intercompany pool.
In August 2005, the S&P's rating for our insurance subsidiaries moved from "BBB"
to "BBB+" and the rating for our senior debt moved from "BB" to "BB+" while the
outlook was changed to stable. In February 2006, S&P announced it had revised
its outlook from stable to positive.
The above ratings do not include OCNJ, which is unrated. We cannot guarantee
that future downgrades, if any, will not have a material adverse effect upon our
business in the future.
o FLUCTUATIONS IN THE VALUE OF OUR INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO COULD ADVERSELY
AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL POSITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our investment portfolio includes equity investments, both common and preferred,
that are more volatile than fixed income investments. The market value of our
equity portfolio was approximately 9.0% (7.9% common, 1.1% preferred) and 8.9%
(8.7% common, 0.2% preferred) of total invested assets, excluding cash and cash
equivalents, at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The portfolio was
diversified across 60 separate entities in all ten major S&P industry sectors at
December 31, 2005. As of December 31, in 2005 and 2004, 24.2% and 31.2%,
respectively, of our equity portfolio was invested in five companies and the
largest single position was 5.4% and 7.3%, respectively, of the equity
portfolio. Our cost basis in some of our stock holdings is very low, creating a
significant unrealized gain in the portfolio, which could lead to a significant
cash outflow for income taxes upon disposition. Equity securities are marked to
fair value on the balance sheet. As a result, shareholders' equity and statutory
surplus fluctuate with changes in the value of the equity portfolio. The effects
of future stock market volatility are managed by maintaining an appropriate
ratio of equity securities to shareholders' equity and statutory surplus.
22
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
Our investment portfolio also includes investments in corporate and municipal
bonds, mortgage-backed securities and other fixed income securities. The fair
market value of these assets generally increases or decreases in an inverse
relationship with fluctuations in interest rates. The interest income realized
from future investments in fixed income securities will increase or decrease
directly with fluctuations in interest rates. At December 31, 2005 and 2004,
approximately 17.0% and 16.7%, respectively, of our total investment portfolio
was invested in mortgage-backed securities. These investments carry the risk
that cash flows from the underlying mortgages will be received faster or slower
than originally anticipated. Faster repayment creates a risk that we will have
to reinvest the repaid funds at a lower interest rate than the original
investment. Slower repayments, which typically occur when interest rates rise,
could decrease the value of the investment as the receipt of anticipated cash
flows is delayed.
At both December 31, 2005 and 2004, approximately 2.0% of our available-for-sale
fixed income portfolio was invested in below investment grade securities. The
risk of default by borrowers which issue below investment grade securities is
significantly greater because these borrowers are often highly leveraged and
more sensitive to adverse economic conditions, including a recession or a sharp
increase in interest rates. Additionally, these securities are generally
unsecured.
We also have exposure to losses resulting from potential volatility in interest
rates. For additional information on investment results and market risk, see
Item 7, Investment Results on pages 30-33 and Item 7A, Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk sections of the Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation on pages
58 and 59 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
o WE CANNOT GUARANTEE THAT WE WILL BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN PROFITABILITY IN THE
FUTURE
Our failure to maintain profitability in the future may adversely affect our
ability to meet our financial obligations. Although we reported net income of
$212.7 million or $3.19 per share in 2005, $128.4 million or $1.89 per share in
2004 and $75.8 million or $1.18 per share in 2003, we cannot guarantee that we
will be able to maintain profitability in the future.
o WE MAY REQUIRE ADDITIONAL CAPITAL IN THE FUTURE, WHICH MAY NOT BE
AVAILABLE OR MAY ONLY BE AVAILABLE ON UNFAVORABLE TERMS
Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including our ability to
write new business successfully and to establish premium rates and reserves at
levels sufficient to cover losses. We may need to raise additional funds through
financings or curtail our growth and reduce our assets. Any equity or debt
financing, if available at all, may be on terms that are not favorable to us. If
we cannot obtain adequate capital on favorable terms or at all, our business,
operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
o OUR SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN MAY HAVE ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECTS WHICH WILL MAKE
AN ACQUISITION OF THE CORPORATION BY ANOTHER COMPANY MORE DIFFICULT
We have adopted a shareholders' rights plan. Under the shareholders' rights
plan, each outstanding common share has associated with it one-half of one
common share purchase right. The rights become exercisable only if a person or
group, without the prior approval of our directors, acquires 20% or more of our
outstanding common shares or commences or publicly announces that it intends to
commence a tender or exchange offer which, if completed, would result in a
person or group owning 20% or more of our outstanding common shares. Under
certain circumstances after the rights become exercisable, each right would
entitle the holder (other than the 20% shareholder) to purchase common shares of
the Corporation having a value of twice the then exercise price of the rights.
We may redeem the rights. The rights are intended to discourage a significant
share acquisition, merger or tender offer involving our common shares which has
not been approved in advance by our directors by increasing the cost of
effecting any such transaction and, accordingly, could have an adverse impact on
a takeover attempt that a shareholder might consider to be in its best interest.
23
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
o THE ABILITY TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN TALENTED EMPLOYEES, MANAGERS AND
EXECUTIVES IS CRITICAL TO OUR SUCCESS
Our ability to remain a competitive force in the marketplace depends, in part,
on our ability to hire and train talented new employees to handle work
associated with the increase in new inquiries, applications, policies and
customers, to respond to the increase in claims that may also result and to
build sustainable business relationships with our agents. In addition, our
ability to maintain appropriate staffing levels is affected by the rate of
turnover of existing, more experienced employees. Our failure to meet these
employment goals could result in our having to slow down growth in the business
units or markets that are affected.
Our success also depends on our ability to attract and retain talented
executives and other key managers. Our loss of certain key officers and
employees or our failure to attract talented new executives and managers could
have a material adverse effect on our business. We further believe that our
success depends upon our ability to maintain and improve our staffing models and
employee culture that have been developed over the years. Our ability to do so
may be impaired as a result of litigation that may be brought against us, new
legislation at the state or federal level or other factors in the employment
marketplace. In such events, the productivity of certain of our employees could
be adversely affected, which could lead to a decrease in our operating
performance and margins.
o WE ARE PARTY TO LITIGATION, WHICH, IF DECIDED ADVERSELY TO US, COULD
AFFECT OUR BUSINESS, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OR FINANCIAL CONDITION
We are named as a defendant in various legal actions arising out of claims made
in connection with our insurance policies, other contracts we have entered into,
employment related issues, and other matters including those referenced in Part
I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other legal and
regulatory proceedings are also currently pending that involve us and specific
aspects of the conduct of our business.
Like other members of the property and casualty insurance industry, we are
occasionally the target of a class action proceeding or other type of litigation
which may involve claims for substantial or indeterminable amounts. These
actions are based on a variety of issues such as insurance billing practices,
premium calculations, and claim settlement practices. These proceedings are
defended vigorously. However, all litigation is unpredictable and the ultimate
outcome is uncertain.
o NEW OR CHANGES IN EXISTING ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ISSUED BY THE FINANCIAL
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD (FASB), SEC OR OTHER STANDARD-SETTING BODIES
MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND COULD ENTAIL SIGNIFICANT
EXPENDITURES. ADDITIONALLY, CHANGES IN OUR ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS MAY
ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
Our financial statements are subject to the application of Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles, which is periodically revised and/or expanded.
Accordingly, we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards from
time to time issued by recognized authoritative bodies, including the FASB. It
is possible that future changes we are required to adopt could change the
current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial
statements and that such changes could have a material adverse effect on our
results of operation and financial condition. For a description of potential
changes in accounting standards that could affect us currently, see Note 19,
Recently Issued Accounting Standards, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements on page 84 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a description of
current Critical Accounting Policies, see that section of Item 7, Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation on pages
41-52 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additionally, for a summary of
Significant Accounting Policies of the Consolidated Corporation, see Item 15,
Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements on pages 67-69 of the
Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that became law in
July 2002, as well as new rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, and the
NASDAQ, have required, and will require, changes to some of our accounting and
corporate governance practices, including the requirement that we issue a report
on our internal controls as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
We expect these new rules and regulations to continue to increase our
accounting, legal and other costs, and to make some activities more difficult,
time consuming and/or costly. Initial compliance with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act was required for the year ended December 31, 2004. In the
event that we are unable to maintain compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and
related rules, it may have a material adverse effect on us.
24
ITEM 1A. CONTINUED
The preparation of our financial statements require management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial
statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and adversely
effect our financial position and results of operations.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Corporation owns and leases office space in various parts of the country.
The principal office buildings consist of facilities owned in Fairfield and
Hamilton, Ohio. These office buildings service all of the Corporation's
segments. The Fairfield, Ohio office building is subject to a mortgage with an
outstanding balance of $2.7 million as of December 31, 2005.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
A proceeding entitled Carol Murray v. the Corporation, the Company, Avomark,
Ohio Security, West American, American Fire and OCNJ was filed in the United
States District Court for the District of Columbia on February 5, 2004. A motion
to change venue was granted on May 25, 2004 with the proceeding assigned to the
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Eastern Division,
Columbus, Ohio. The plaintiff, a former automobile physical damage claim
adjuster, originally sought to certify a nationwide collective action consisting
of all current and former salaried employees since February 5, 2001 who are/were
employed to process claims by policyholders and other persons for automobile
property damage. The plaintiff also filed motions to expand the definition to
include claim specialists, representative trainees, and representatives
performing claims adjusting services. The complaint sought overtime compensation
for the plaintiff and the class of persons plaintiff sought to represent. The
U.S. District Court dismissed the complaint against Avomark, Ohio Security, West
American, American Fire, and OCNJ on September 27, 2005. The U.S. District Court
also granted the motion for summary judgment of the Corporation and the Company
on September 27, 2005. The proceeding was ordered closed with judgment in favor
of the defendants. The decision has been appealed by plaintiff to the U.S. Sixth
Circuit Court of Appeals.
A proceeding entitled Carol Lazarus v. the Group was brought against West
American in the Court of Common Pleas Cuyahoga County, Ohio on October 25, 1999.
The Court ordered the case to proceed solely against West American on July 10,
2003. The complaint alleges West American improperly charged for uninsured
motorists coverage following an October 1994 decision of the Supreme Court of
Ohio in Martin v. Midwestern Insurance Company. The Martin decision was
overruled legislatively in September 1997. West American filed a motion for
summary judgment on December 16, 2003. Plaintiff filed a motion for class
certification on February 23, 2004. West American has responded to the motion
for class certification stating the motion is untimely (filed more than four
years after the initial complaint) and that Carol Lazarus failed to provide
sufficient evidence to satisfy the requirements for class certification.
A proceeding entitled Douglas and Carla Scott v. the Company, West American,
American Fire, and Ohio Security was filed in the District Court of Tulsa
County, State of Oklahoma and served on January 3, 2005. The proceeding
challenges the use of a certain vendor in valuing total loss automobiles.
Plaintiff alleges that use of the database results in valuations to the
detriment of the insureds. Plaintiff is seeking class status and alleges breach
of contract, fraud and bad faith. The lawsuit is in its early stages and will be
vigorously defended.
25
ITEM 3. CONTINUED
The proceedings described above and various other legal and regulatory
proceedings are currently pending that involve the Consolidated Corporation and
specific aspects of the conduct of its business. The outcome of these
proceedings is currently unpredictable. However, at this time, based on their
present status, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate liability, if
any, in one or more of these proceedings in excess of amounts currently reserved
is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the financial condition,
liquidity or results of operation of the Consolidated Corporation.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SHAREHOLDERS
There were no matters submitted during the fourth quarter of the Corporation's
2005 fiscal year to a vote of Shareholders through the solicitation of proxies
or otherwise.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The Corporation's common shares, par value $0.125 per share, are traded on the
Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol OCAS. The following table shows the high
and low sales prices for the Corporation's common shares for each quarterly
period within the Corporation's last two most recent fiscal years:
High/Low Market Price Per Share
(in dollars)
Quarter 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
----- ----- ----- -----
2005 High 24.59 24.99 27.79 30.00
Low 22.49 22.59 24.06 24.64
2004 High 20.25 20.93 20.95 23.53
Low 17.00 17.80 18.47 19.30
On February 28, 2006, the Corporation's common shares were held by 4,475
shareholders of record.
The Corporation's Board of Directors reinstated the Corporation's quarterly
dividend in June 2005. The following table shows the cash dividends paid by the
Corporation to the holders of its common shares for the current fiscal year. The
Corporation expects to continue its policy of paying regular cash dividends,
although there is no assurance as to future dividends because they depend upon
future earnings, capital requirements and financial conditions. For additional
discussion regarding restrictions on the payment of dividends by the
Corporation, refer to Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operation on page 53 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
Quarterly Cash Dividends Per Share
Quarter 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
----- ----- ----- -----
2005 $ - $0.06 $0.06 $0.06
On February 16, 2006 the Corporation declared a $0.03 per share increase in the
regular quarterly dividend to $0.09 per share, payable March 10, 2006, to
shareholders of record on March 1, 2006.
Information related to the Consolidated Corporation's equity compensation plans
is incorporated by reference herein from those portions of the Corporation's
Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation for
2006 under the heading "Equity Compensation Plans."
On August 18, 2005, the Corporation's Board of Directors authorized the
repurchase of up to four million shares of the Corporation's common stock. The
repurchases may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated
transactions from time to time and are funded from available working capital.
The table below summarizes the status of this program during the fourth quarter
of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
26
ITEM 5. CONTINUED
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c) Total (d) Maximum
Number Number of
of Shares Shares that
Purchased as May Yet Be
(a) Total Part of Publicly Purchased
Number of (b) Average Announced Under the
Shares Price Paid Plans or Plans or
Period Purchased per Share Programs Programs
- ------------------- --------- ----------- ---------------- -----------
October 1-31, 2005 769,683 $25.96 769,683 2,660,202
November 1-30, 2005 133,431 27.62 133,431 2,526,771
December 1-31, 2005 42,876 28.26 42,876 2,483,895
------- -------
Total 945,990 $26.30 945,990 2,483,895
======= =======
27
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS
(ALL AMOUNTS ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH GAAP UNLESS
OTHERWISE NOTED; NUMBER OF WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES
AND DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS
Premiums and finance charges earned $ 1,453.6 $ 1,446.6 $ 1,424.4 $ 1,450.4 $ 1,506.3
Investment income, less expenses 201.4 201.2 208.7 207.1 212.4
Investment gains realized, net 47.4 23.0 35.9 45.2 182.9
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total revenues 1,702.4 1,670.8 1,669.0 1,702.7 1,901.6
Total expenses 1,421.7 1,484.3 1,561.4 1,709.4 1,775.2
Income (loss) before cumulative effect
of an accounting change 212.7 130.0 75.8 (0.9) 98.6
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Cumulative effect of accounting change - (1.6) - - -
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NET INCOME (LOSS) $ 212.7 $ 128.4 $ 75.8 $ (0.9) $ 98.6
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
INCOME (LOSS) AFTER TAXES PER AVERAGE
SHARE OUTSTANDING - DILUTED*
Income (loss) before cumulative effect
of an accounting change $ 3.19 $ 1.91 $ 1.18 $ (0.01) $ 1.64
Cumulative effect of accounting change - (0.02) - - -
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NET INCOME (LOSS) $ 3.19 $ 1.89 $ 1.18 $ (0.01) $ 1.64
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Average shares outstanding - diluted* 67.2 71.5 70.2 60.5 60.2
Total assets $ 5,763.1 $ 5,715.0 $ 5,168.9 $ 4,779.0 $ 4,524.6
Total debt 200.4 383.3 198.0 198.3 210.2
Shareholders' equity 1,426.4 1,294.9 1,145.8 1,058.7 1,080.0
Book value per share 22.54 20.82 18.80 17.43 17.97
Dividends per share 0.18 - - - -
PROPERTY AND CASUALTY OPERATIONS
Net premiums written(1) $ 1,449.4 $ 1,453.9 $ 1,441.6 $ 1,448.6 $ 1,472.2
Net premiums earned 1,453.6 1,446.6 1,424.4 1,450.4 1,506.3
Loss ratio(2) 51.7% 53.7% 59.8% 62.2% 66.5%
Loss adjustment expense ratio(3) 10.7% 11.0% 12.3% 15.7% 13.4%
Underwriting expense ratio(4) 31.8% 34.9% 35.3% 33.7% 35.5%
Combined ratio(5) 94.2% 99.6% 107.4% 111.6% 115.4%
Property and casualty reserves
Unearned premiums $ 679.6 $ 715.5 $ 703.0 $ 668.7 $ 666.8
Losses 2,435.0 2,269.6 2,163.7 1,978.8 1,746.8
Loss adjustment expenses 511.8 486.8 464.1 454.9 403.9
Statutory policyholders' surplus(6) $ 1,004.5 $ 972.0 $ 867.6 $ 725.7 $ 767.5
- ---------------
(1) Net premiums written are premiums for all policies sold during a specific
accounting period less premiums returned.
(2) Loss ratio measures net losses incurred as a percentage of net premiums
earned.
(3) Loss adjustment expense ratio measures loss adjustment expenses as a
percentage of net premiums earned.
(4) Underwriting expense ratio measures underwriting expenses as a percentage
of net premiums earned.
(5) Combined ratio measures the percentage of premium dollars used to pay
insurance losses, loss adjustment expenses and underwriting expenses.
(6) Statutory policyholders' surplus is equal to an insurance company's
admitted assets minus liabilities.
* Adjusted for effect of EITF Issue No. 04-8 in 2005, 2004, 2003 and 2002,
see Footnote 9, Earnings Per Share.
28
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATION
Ohio Casualty Corporation (the Corporation) is the holding company of The Ohio
Casualty Insurance Company (the Company), which is one of six property-casualty
insurance companies that make up the Ohio Casualty Group (the Group),
collectively the Consolidated Corporation. All dollar amounts in this
Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) are in millions unless otherwise
noted.
The following discussion of financial condition and results of operation
highlights significant factors influencing the results and financial position of
the Consolidated Corporation. This discussion should be read in conjunction with
the consolidated financial statements and related notes, all of which are
integral parts of the following analysis of the results of operations and
financial position.
EXECUTIVE-LEVEL OVERVIEW
The Consolidated Corporation earns revenue by providing businesses and consumers
with competitive insurance products with high quality service and by income on
funds invested. In 2005, the Consolidated Corporation continued to see
improvement in financial performance as net income increased 66% to $212.7 in
2005 from $128.4 in 2004. Our capital structure continued to improve during the
year as a result of the Corporation's elimination of the convertible notes
through repurchase, redemption or conversion, with minimal dilution to earnings
per share. During 2005, the Board of Directors reinstated the quarterly
shareholder dividend and approved a share repurchase program of up to four
million shares of the Corporation's common stock. As of December 31, 2005, we
have repurchased 1,516,105 shares at an average price of $26.04 per share. In
addition, the combined ratio was the best in decades.
From a profitability perspective, the 2005 All Lines GAAP combined ratio
improved to 94.2% compared to 99.6% in 2004 as all component ratios saw
improvements over last year resulting from our improved risk profile and
disciplined underwriting. The Group experienced favorable prior year reserve
development in 2005 and 2004. Catastrophe losses decreased in 2005 over prior
year despite the significant hurricanes that devastated the gulf coast. From a
premium perspective, both gross and net premiums declined from prior year as a
result of declines in new business premium production due to increased price
competition in the market while renewal rates increased only slightly over 2004.
The Group has begun several initiatives to reverse the trend in the decline in
premiums including leveraging the advantage of our P.A.R.I.S.(sm) technology,
restructuring our marketing approach, and investing in new product
opportunities.
In September 2003, the Consolidated Corporation announced its Corporate
Strategic Plan for the 2004-2006 time frame. The plan brings together five broad
objectives to help achieve the Consolidated Corporation's Vision to be a leading
super regional Property and Casualty carrier providing a broad range of
products/services through independent agents and brokers. The broad objectives
include abilities to generate above market growth, produce competitive loss
ratios, create a competitive expense structure, achieve a competitive return on
equity and improve credit ratings and financial flexibility. Competitive
advantages include strong agency relationships, especially with key agents, and
technology platforms that provide operating flexibility. Technology is being
leveraged to make it easier for agents to do business with the Group and to
increase pricing and underwriting sophistication. The Consolidated Corporation
continues to execute against this plan and the results in 2005 and 2004 are an
indication that the plan and its execution are working.
The key financial indicators management utilizes consist of GAAP combined ratios
and component ratios on both a calendar year and accident year basis, gross and
net written premium growth, impact of prior year reserve development, impact of
catastrophes, renewal price increases and investment income growth.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
NET INCOME
The Consolidated Corporation reported net income of $212.7, or $3.19 per share,
for 2005, compared with $128.4, or $1.89 per share, for the year 2004, and
$75.8, or $1.18 per share, in 2003, which included after-tax realized investment
gains of $41.6, ($0.62 per share), $14.9, ($0.20 per share) and $23.3, ($0.34
per share) for 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
29
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
December 31
2005 2004 2003
----------- ----------- -----------
Net income $ 212.7 $ 128.4 $ 75.8
After-tax net realized gains 41.6 14.9 23.3
Cumulative effect of accounting change - (1.6) -
Net income per share - diluted $ 3.19 $ 1.89 $ 1.18
After-tax net realized gains per share - diluted 0.62 0.20 0.34
Cumulative effect of accounting change
per share - diluted - (0.02) -
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 67,194,425 71,508,519 70,224,196
The Consolidated Corporation adopted the Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF")
Consensus 04-8 "The Effect of Contingently Convertible Debt on Diluted Earnings
per Share" in December 2004. See Item 15, Note 9 - Earnings Per Share in the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 80 of the Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
Financial results continued to show improvements during 2005 resulting from
improvements in both loss and LAE ratios as a result of favorable claim
frequency, adequate pricing, favorable prior year reserve development and lower
catastrophe losses. Catastrophe losses decreased $17.7 in 2005, even though the
industry experienced its worst ever year for natural catastrophes. Underwriting
expenses decreased during the year as expense savings resulting from the Cost
Structure Efficiency (CSE) initiative are becoming realized. The year also
benefited from a favorable Internal Revenue Service (IRS) settlement adjustment
and an accrual reversal for the exit of the New Jersey private passenger auto
business. Offsetting some of the favorable items mentioned above was $9.0
related to loss on retirement of the convertible debt incurred in connection
with the call/redemption of the Convertible Notes. For additional information on
these transactions, see Item 15, Note 3 - Income Taxes on page 72, Note 7 -
Other Contingencies and Commitments on pages 77-79 and Note 15 - Debt in the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on pages 82 and 83 of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The improved financial results for 2004 compared to 2003 were driven by
significantly improved loss experience, including lower LAE, a result of cost
reduction programs that have been implemented. The improved loss and LAE ratios
are the result of disciplined underwriting and improved pricing methodologies,
reduced claim frequency, a decline in large losses (losses greater than $250,000
per loss) and favorable prior years reserve development. During 2004,
underwriting and LAE were impacted by increased severance and other related
costs, primarily associated with the CSE initiative and expenses related to the
Proformance transaction. As previously discussed, in 2001, OCNJ entered into a
transaction which effectively exited the Group from the New Jersey private
passenger auto market. For additional information regarding this transaction,
see Item 15, Note 7 - Other Contingencies and Commitments in the Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements on pages 77-79 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
INVESTMENT RESULTS
Consolidated before-tax net investment income for the three years ended December
31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 was $201.4 ($146.8 after tax), $201.2 ($137.0 after tax)
and $208.7 ($138.4 after tax), respectively. The effective tax rate on
investment income for the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 was
27.1%, 31.9% and 33.7%, respectively.
Before-tax investment income for 2005 was slightly higher than the same period
of 2004 as the impact of growth in the investment portfolio resulting from
positive operating cash flows was partially offset by lower before tax
investment yields on new investments and the Consolidated Corporation's
increased tax-exempt security portfolio. Investments in tax exempt securities
increased from $100.0 at December 31, 2003 to approximately $1.3 billion at
December 31, 2005. Additionally, before tax investment income was favorably
impacted in 2005 by $2.5 of interest income received from the IRS as a result of
a favorable tax settlement. This favorable impact was somewhat offset by a
reduction in investment income as a result of the reduction in cash equivalent
holdings which were used during 2005 to fund the call/redemption of the
Corporation's 5.0% Convertible Notes. As a result of the strategy to invest more
heavily into tax-exempt securities, the effective tax rate on investment income
was reduced to 27.1% thereby generating an increase in after-tax investment
income.
In addition to the change in investment strategy and the increase in invested
assets described above, which were also applicable to 2004, the $7.5 decrease in
2004 consolidated before-tax net investment income compared to 2003 is a result
of increased investment expenses due to outside management fees, the allocation
30
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
of interest income pertaining to investments held in a reinsurance treaty fund
and significantly lower reinvestment rates than on maturing securities, offset
by a favorable amortization adjustment in 2004 on certain fixed income
securities.
Consolidated before-tax realized net investment gains amounted to $47.4, $23.0
and $35.9 for the years ended 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Included in the
2005 consolidated before-tax realized net investment gains was $40.9 of net
gains in the sale of common stocks which were the result of a portfolio
reallocation strategy implemented by the Consolidated Corporation whereby equity
holdings in certain common stocks that had appreciated in value over time and
had become a significant percentage of the Consolidated Corporation's common
stock portfolio were reduced. In all periods presented there were no material
losses on the disposal of any specific security or in any specific sector.
In the first quarter of 2003, management transferred a portion of its fixed
income securities from the available-for-sale classification into the
held-to-maturity classification. This transfer was made as the Consolidated
Corporation has both the ability to hold the securities to maturity and the
positive intent to do so. At December 31, 2005 and 2004 the amortized cost of
the held-to-maturity portfolio was $264.4 and $301.4, respectively.
Invested assets comprise a majority of the consolidated assets. Consequently,
accounting policies related to investments are critical. See further discussion
of important investment accounting policies in the "Critical Accounting
Policies" section of this MD&A and in Item 15, Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements, Note 1C, Investments, on page 67 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The assessment of whether a decline in fair value is considered temporary or
other-than-temporary includes management's judgment as to the financial position
and future prospects of the entity issuing the security. It is not possible to
accurately predict when it may be determined that a specific security will
become impaired.
Future impairment charges could be material to the results of operations. The
amount of the before-tax other-than-temporary impairment charge recorded was
$2.4, $8.7 and $10.5 for the years ended 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. This
impairment charge represents less than 0.5% of the market value of the
investment portfolio at December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The 2005
impairment charges relate to companies in various industries. Included in both
the 2004 and 2003 impairment charges were $5.1 and $5.9, respectively, related
to fixed income securities issued by companies in the airline industry.
The following tables summarize for all available-for-sale and held-to-maturity
securities, the total gross unrealized losses, excluding securities with gross
unrealized gains, by investment category and length of time the securities have
continuously been in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2005 and
December 31, 2004:
2005
Available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses:
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized
Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Securities:
U.S. government $ 16.3 $ (0.2) $ - $ - $ 16.3 $ (0.2)
States, municipalities and
political subdivisions 427.7 (3.2) 13.9 (0.3) 441.6 (3.5)
Corporate securities 278.1 (5.3) 17.2 (0.5) 295.3 (5.8)
Mortgage-backed
securities:
Government 28.5 (0.4) - - 28.5 (0.4)
Other 274.0 (3.3) 13.1 (0.5) 287.1 (3.8)
--------- ------- ------- -------- --------- -------
Total fixed income securities 1,024.6 (12.4) 44.2 (1.3) 1,068.8 (13.7)
--------- ------- ------- -------- --------- -------
Equity securities 27.4 (0.9) 1.8 (0.5) 29.2 (1.4)
--------- ------- ------- -------- --------- -------
Total temporarily impaired
securities $ 1,052.0 $ (13.3) $ 46.0 $ (1.8) $ 1,098.0 $ (15.1)
========= ======= ======= ======== ========= =======
31
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
Held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses:
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized
Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Securities:
Corporate securities $ 66.9 $(1.9) $56.6 $(2.1) $123.5 $(4.0)
Mortgage-backed
securities:
Other 66.6 (1.2) 19.0 (0.7) 85.6 (1.9)
------ ----- ----- ----- ------ -----
Total temporarily impaired
securities $133.5 $(3.1) $75.6 $(2.8) $209.1 $(5.9)
====== ===== ===== ===== ====== =====
2004
Available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses:
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized
Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Securities:
States, municipalities and
political subdivisions $187.8 $(0.7) $ - $ - $187.8 $(0.7)
Corporate securities 97.7 (1.1) 9.8 (0.3) 107.5 (1.4)
Mortgage-backed
securities:
Other 88.4 (1.2) 16.5 (0.3) 104.9 (1.5)
------ ----- ------- ------ ------ -----
Total fixed income securities 373.9 (3.0) 26.3 (0.6) 400.2 (3.6)
Equity securities 9.6 (0.7) - - 9.6 (0.7)
Cash and cash equivalents 177.4 (0.8) - - 177.4 (0.8)
------ ----- ------- ------ ------ -----
Total temporarily impaired
securities $560.9 $(4.5) $26.3 $(0.6) $587.2 $(5.1)
====== ===== ======= ====== ====== =====
Held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses:
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
Unrealized Unrealized Unrealized
Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses Fair Value Losses
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Securities:
Corporate securities $ 85.8 $(1.0) $ - $ - $ 85.8 $(1.0)
Mortgage-backed
securities:
Other 66.8 (0.7) 9.9 (0.1) 76.7 (0.8)
------- ----- ---- ----- ------- -----
Total temporarily impaired
securities $ 152.6 $(1.7) $9.9 $(0.1) $ 162.5 $(1.8)
======= ===== ==== ===== ======= =====
Management believes that it will recover the cost basis in the securities held
with unrealized losses as it has both the positive intent and ability to hold
the securities until they mature or recover in value.
As part of its evaluation of the aggregate $21.0 unrealized loss on securities
in the investment portfolio at December 31, 2005, management performed a more
intensive review of securities with a higher unrealized loss percentage when
compared with their cost or amortized cost. Based on this review of each
security, management believes that unrealized losses on these securities were
temporary declines in value at December 31, 2005. In the table above, there are
approximately 420 securities represented. Of this total, 11 securities have
unrealized loss positions greater than 5% of their market values at December 31,
2005, with none
32
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
exceeding 20%. This group represents $2.1, or 10% of the total unrealized loss
position. Of this group, six securities representing approximately $1.1 in
unrealized losses have been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve
months. Of the remaining five securities in an unrealized loss position for
longer than twelve months totaling $1.0, management believes they will recover
the cost basis of these securities, and has both the intent and ability to hold
the securities until they mature or recover in value. All securities are
monitored by portfolio managers who consider many factors such as an issuer's
degree of financial flexibility, management competence and industry fundamentals
in evaluating whether the decline in fair value is temporary. In addition,
management considers whether it is probable that all contract terms of the
security will be satisfied and whether the unrealized loss position is due to
changes in the interest rate environment. Should management subsequently
conclude the decline in fair value is other than temporary, the book value of
the security is written down to the then fair value with the realized loss
recognized in the consolidated statements of income.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed income securities
classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity with an unrealized loss
position at December 31, 2005, by contractual maturity, are shown below.
Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers
may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or
prepayment penalties.
2005
Amortized Estimated Unrealized
Available-for-sale: Cost Fair Value Loss
- -------------------------------------- --------- ---------- ----------
Due after one year through five years $ 152.7 $ 150.1 $ (2.6)
Due after five years through ten years 312.7 308.9 (3.9)
Due after ten years 294.0 291.1 (2.9)
Mortgage-backed securities 323.0 318.7 (4.3)
--------- --------- ---------
Total $ 1,082.4 $ 1,068.8 $ (13.7)
========= ========= =========
Amortized Estimated Unrealized
Held-to-maturity: Cost Fair Value Loss
- -------------------------------------- --------- ---------- ----------
Due after one year through five years $ 25.9 $ 25.1 $ (0.8)
Due after five years through ten years 98.4 95.3 (3.1)
Due after ten years 3.2 3.1 (0.1)
Mortgage-backed securities 87.5 85.6 (1.9)
--------- ---------- ---------
Total $ 215.0 $ 209.1 $ (5.9)
========= ========== =========
For additional discussion relative to the Consolidated Corporation's investment
portfolio, see the "Investment Portfolio" section under "Liquidity and Capital
Resources" on pages 55-57 of this MD&A.
AGENT RELATIONSHIPS ASSET
The Consolidated Corporation maintains an identifiable intangible asset referred
to as "Agent Relationships." See the "Critical Accounting Policies" section of
this MD&A on page 42 and Note 1I - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies -
Agent Relationships on page 68 and Note 13 - Agent Relationships in the Notes to
the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 82 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K for additional information. In 2005, the before-tax amortization and
impairment costs related to this asset were $12.3 compared with $20.6 in 2004
and $18.7 in 2003. At December 31, 2005, the largest individual agent asset
carrying value was $5.3, which represents the maximum future impairment charge
for an individual agent, compared to $5.6 at December 31, 2004. Based upon
historical performance of this agent, it is unlikely the agent will become
impaired or cancelled in the near term. For the approximately 230 individual
agents remaining that represent the total agent relationships intangible asset,
the average asset carrying value as of December 31, 2005, was $0.5 which
compares to approximately 250 agents with an average asset carrying value of
$0.5 at December 31, 2004.
INTERNALLY DEVELOPED SOFTWARE
P.A.R.I.S.(sm), an internally developed software application for policy
administration, rating and issuance, was introduced into production in 2002. The
Group capitalizes costs incurred during the application development stage,
primarily relating to payroll and payroll-related costs for employees, along
with costs incurred for external consultants who are directly associated with
the internal-use software project. The Group ceases capitalization when the
development effort is substantially complete and rollout begins. Rollout begins
when the application has been placed into service for one or more states for an
individual major product line and ends when the application is placed into
service for the final state. The rollout period can exceed one year for an
individual
33
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
major product line. The Group began capitalizing application development costs
associated with the Personal Lines segment during 2003, which is expected to
begin rollout in 2006. In December 2004, the Group began rollout for the
Specialty Lines segment. The Specialty Lines segment rollout is expected to
continue throughout the first half of 2007. During 2002, the Group substantially
completed the rollout for the Commercial Lines operating segment. The cost
associated with this application is amortized on a straight-line basis over the
estimated useful life of ten years from the date placed into service with
before-tax amortization expense of $3.4, $3.1 and $2.6 for 2005, 2004 and 2003,
respectively being reflected in the consolidated statements of income for these
respective periods. Capitalized internally developed software costs (including
P.A.R.I.S.(sm) and other internally developed software) and accumulated
amortization at December 31, 2005 and 2004 are summarized in the table below:
2005 2004
----- -----
Cost $58.5 $55.2
Accumulated amortization 15.9 11.4
----- -----
Carrying value $42.6 $43.8
===== =====
For additional information relative to the internally developed software, see
Note 1H - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Internally Developed
Software in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 68 of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ALL LINES DISCUSSION
OPERATING RESULTS
Insurance industry regulators require the Group to report its financial
condition and results of operations, among other things, using statutory
accounting principles. Management uses industry standard financial measures
determined on a statutory basis, as well as those determined on a GAAP basis to
analyze the Group's property and casualty operations. These insurance industry
financial measures include loss and LAE ratios, underwriting expense ratio,
combined ratio, net premiums written and net premiums earned. The combined ratio
is a commonly used gauge of underwriting performance measuring the percentage of
premium dollars used to pay insurance losses and related expenses. The combined
ratio is the sum of the loss, LAE and underwriting expense ratios. All
references to combined ratio or its components in this MD&A are calculated on a
GAAP basis, unless otherwise indicated, and are calculated on a calendar year
basis unless specified as calculated on an accident year basis. Insurance
industry financial measures are included in the next several sections of this
MD&A that discuss results of operations. A discussion of the differences between
statutory accounting and generally accepted accounting principles in the United
States is included in Item 15, Note 14, Statutory Accounting Information, in the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, on page 82 of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
Insurance industry financial measures are included in the next several sections
of this MD&A that discuss results of operations. Statutory surplus, a financial
measure that is required by insurance regulators and used to monitor financial
strength, is discussed in the "Statutory Surplus" section of the "Liquidity and
Capital Resources" section on pages 54 and 55 of this MD&A.
PREMIUM REVENUE
Gross premiums written differs from net premiums written by the amount of
premiums ceded to reinsurers. Management analyzes premium revenues primarily by
premiums written in the current period, which is a better indicator of current
production levels. Net premiums written are recognized into revenue on a monthly
pro rata basis over the coverage term of the policy which is reflected in the
consolidated income statements as earned premium.
The table below summarizes property and casualty premiums on a gross and net
basis for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared with the same period of 2004
and 2003, respectively:
34
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
% Chg % Chg
December 31, 2005 2004
2005 2004 2003 vs. 2004 vs. 2003
-------- ------------ -------- -------- --------
GROSS PREMIUMS WRITTEN
Commercial Lines $ 841.0 $ 856.2 $ 824.4 (1.8)% 3.8%
Specialty Lines 210.8 251.5 271.9 (16.2)% (7.5)%
Personal Lines 478.2 496.7 494.1 (3.7)% 0.5%
-------- -------- --------
All Lines $1,530.0 $1,604.4 $1,590.4 (4.6)% 0.9%
======== ======== ========
% Chg % Chg
December 31, 2005 2004
2005 2004 2003 vs. 2004 vs. 2003
-------- ------------- -------- -------- --------
NET PREMIUMS WRITTEN
Commercial Lines $ 823.5 $ 828.2 $ 792.6 (0.6)% 4.5%
Specialty Lines 150.4 135.5 164.9 11.0% (17.8)%
Personal Lines 475.5 490.2 484.1 (3.0)% 1.3%
-------- -------- --------
All Lines $1,449.4 $1,453.9 $1,441.6 (0.3)% 0.8%
======== ======== ========
All Lines gross premiums written declined in 2005 when compared with the prior
year due primarily to all three operating segments experiencing declines in new
business premium production as a result of an increase in price competition,
partially offset by slightly better retention rates. All Lines net premiums
written declined slightly when compared with the prior year with both the
Commercial and Personal Lines operating segments experiencing declines, offset
almost entirely by an increase in the Specialty Lines operating segment. The
slight declines in net premiums written is the result of the reasons cited above
partially offset by lower ceded premiums resulting from higher retention limits
in our 2005 reinsurance program when compared with the 2004 program. All Lines
gross and net premiums written increased slightly in 2004 over 2003 as a result
of improved retention rates and price increases in 2004.
The Group's business is geographically concentrated in the Mid-West and
Mid-Atlantic regions. The following table shows consolidated net premiums
written for the Group's five largest states for each of the last three years:
All Lines Net Premiums Written Distributed by Top States
2005 2004 2003
----- ----- -----
New Jersey 11.6% 11.5% 11.1%
Pennsylvania 9.4% 9.1% 8.5%
Kentucky 8.7% 8.8% 8.2%
Ohio 8.6% 8.9% 9.2%
Maryland 4.9% 4.7% 4.6%
New Jersey remains the Group's largest state, with 11.6% of the total net
premiums written during 2005, even after the Group ceased writing in the New
Jersey private passenger auto and personal umbrella markets in early 2002. The
Group continues to underwrite other product lines in the New Jersey market.
Commercial Lines gross and net premiums written decreased in 2005, a result of
an 18% decline in new business premium production partially offset by improved
retention rates and average renewal price increases(1) in the low single digits.
While average renewal price increases, including exposure changes, remained
positive in 2005, the rate of increase has slowed as the Commercial Lines
segment approaches price adequacy and competitive pricing pressures in the
marketplace have increased. The 2005 average renewal price increase was 2.0% for
Commercial Lines direct premiums written, compared with 5.0% and 11.4% average
renewal price increases in 2004 and 2003, respectively. Commercial Lines gross
and net premiums written increased in 2004 relative to 2003, a result of average
renewal price increases as new business premium production remained relatively
flat in 2004.
- -------------
(1) When used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, renewal price increase means
the average increase in premium for policies renewed by the Group. The average
increase in premiums for each renewed policy is calculated by comparing the
total expiring premium for the policy with the total renewal premium for the
same policy. Renewal price increases include, among other things, the effects of
rate increases and changes in the underlying insured exposures of the policy.
Only policies issued by the Group in the previous policy term with the same
policy identification codes are included. Therefore, renewal price increases do
not include changes in premiums for newly issued policies and business assumed
through reinsurance agreements. Renewal price increases also do not reflect the
cost of any reinsurance purchased on the policies issued.
35
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
Specialty Lines gross premiums written decreased in 2005, a result of
significantly lower new business premium production in the commercial umbrella
product line partially offset by growth in the fidelity and surety product line.
Net premiums written for this segment increased in 2005 as a result of a decline
in ceded premiums primarily related to higher reinsurance retention limits and
an increased accrual in 2004 for ceded premium of $6.1 on a commercial umbrella
product line reinsurance treaty for the years 1999 through 2001, which reduced
net premiums written in 2004. Without the effect of this additional ceded
premium accrual in 2004, Specialty Lines net premiums written for 2005 would
have increased by 6.2%. Gross and net premiums written declined in 2004 relative
to 2003, a result of lower new business premium production, the $6.1 ceded
premium accrual referenced above and higher reinsurance costs for the commercial
umbrella product line. Renewal pricing in the commercial umbrella product line
has increased during 2005, 2004 and 2003, but the rate of increase has slowed.
Average renewal price increases for the commercial umbrella product line were
3.7%, compared to 8.0% in 2004 and 18.1% in 2003. Stricter underwriting
guidelines for certain classes of business and market prices falling below what
the Group believes are acceptable levels, contributed to the decline in new
business production for the commercial umbrella product line.
Personal Lines gross and net premiums written declined during 2005 as a result
of a 10% decline in new business premium production when compared with the prior
year. Additionally, in the later part of 2005, the Group began taking rate
reductions in a number of states for both the personal auto and homeowners
product lines. All of these factors are either the result of or in response to
increased competition, and as it relates to rate reduction, the achievement of
significant levels of profitability in Personal Lines. Gross premiums written
remained relatively flat during 2004 and net premiums written increased
slightly. Both gross and net premiums written were negatively impacted in 2004
due to a $2.2 refund of escrowed premiums for North Carolina personal auto.
The following table provides key financial measures for All Lines for each of
the last three years:
December 31
2005 2004 2003
----- ----- ------
All Lines
Loss ratio 51.7% 53.7% 59.8%
Loss adjustment expense ratio 10.7% 11.0% 12.3%
Underwriting expense ratio 31.8% 34.9% 35.3%
---- ---- -----
Combined ratio 94.2% 99.6% 107.4%
==== ==== =====
The 2005 All Lines combined ratio improved 5.4 points resulting from continued
improvement in all three component ratios. The 2.3 point improvement in the loss
and LAE ratios is the result of the Group's continued focus on disciplined
underwriting quality, lower claim frequency, favorable prior year reserve
development of $20.1 and lower catastrophe losses. The favorable prior year
reserve development reduced the loss and LAE ratios by 1.4 points. The 3.1 point
improvement in the underwriting expense ratio is primarily a result of the
Group's continued focus on expense management and the result of expense savings
from the CSE initiative announced in 2004.
The 2004 All Lines combined ratio improved 7.8 points driven by a 7.4 point
improvement in the loss and LAE ratios. The loss and LAE ratios were impacted by
favorable prior year reserve development of $21.8 in 2004 compared to adverse
reserve development of $34.1 in 2003, which reduced the 2004 loss and LAE ratio
by 1.5 points and increased the 2003 loss and LAE ratio by 2.4 points. The
remaining improvement of 3.5 points in the 2004 loss and LAE ratio over 2003 was
due to improved price adequacy, more disciplined underwriting standards and
improved claims efficiency. The underwriting expense ratio improved 0.4 points
as a result of operational efficiencies implemented throughout 2003 and 2004,
somewhat offset by $15.6, or 1.1 points of expense related to the Proformance
surplus guarantee.
The loss and LAE ratio components of the accident year combined ratio measure
losses and LAE arising from insured events that occurred in the respective
accident year. The current accident year excludes losses and LAE for insured
events that occurred in prior accident years. The table below summarizes the
impact of changes in provision for all prior accident year losses and LAE for
each of the last three years:
36
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
2005 2004 2003
-------- -------- --------
Net liabilities, beginning of period $2,756.3 $2,627.9 $2,433.6
(Decrease)/increase in provision for prior
accident year claims $ (20.1) $ (21.8) $ 34.1
(Decrease)/increase in provision for prior
accident year claims as % of premiums earned (1.4)% (1.5)% 2.4%
During 2005, the $20.1 before-tax favorable development from prior accident
years' losses and LAE, which represented 0.7% of loss and LAE reserves at
year-end 2004, was concentrated in the Specialty Lines (primarily the commercial
umbrella product line) and Personal Lines (primarily the personal auto product
line) operating segments. This net favorable development was partially offset by
adverse development in the Commercial Lines operating segment due almost
entirely to the review of all pension or permanent disability workers'
compensation cases during the year.
In 2004, the impact of the favorable development for prior accident years'
losses and LAE was concentrated in the Commercial and Specialty Lines operating
segments. In 2004, the Specialty Lines segment experienced significant favorable
development for prior years' losses and LAE, primarily due to a reduction in
estimated future costs for claims adjuster related expenses. The total provision
reduction for prior years' losses and LAE of $21.8 before-tax represents 0.8% of
loss and LAE reserves as of year-end 2003.
During 2003, the Group reported adverse development of $34.1 for prior years'
losses and LAE, representing 1.4% of loss and LAE reserves as of year-end 2002.
This adverse development was concentrated in the Commercial and Personal Lines
operating segments.
Catastrophe losses in 2005, 2004 and 2003 were $25.8, $43.5 and $43.8,
respectively. Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma made up $13.8 of the $25.8 of
catastrophe losses in 2005. The Group was impacted by 23 separate catastrophes
in 2005, compared with 22 catastrophes in 2004 and 21 in 2003. The largest
catastrophe, as measured in terms of incurred loss, in each year was $11.2, $8.0
and $11.5, respectively. Additional catastrophes with over $1.0 in incurred
losses numbered five, ten and nine in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The
Group uses the serial number assigned by Property Claims Services, a unit of the
Insurance Services Office, to define and track losses for specific catastrophes.
Property Claims Services defines catastrophes as industry events that cause
$25.0 or more in direct insured losses to property. The effects of future
catastrophes on the Consolidated Corporation's results cannot be accurately
predicted. As such, severe weather patterns, acts of war or terrorist activities
could have a material adverse impact on the Consolidated Corporation's results,
reinsurance pricing and availability of reinsurance.
Catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance and their impact on the combined ratio,
for each of the last three years were:
Catastrophe Losses
(before tax) 2005 2004 2003
- --------------------- ------ ------ ------
Dollar Impact $25.8 $43.5 $43.8
Combined Ratio Impact 1.8% 3.0% 3.1%
The seven-year historical catastrophe impact on the loss ratio compared to 2005
actual impact for all lines of business is as follows:
Loss Ratio Point Impact Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Annual
- ---------------------------- ---- ---- ---- ----- ------
1998-2004 Historical Average 1.5% 4.9% 3.6% 0.9% 2.7%
2005 Actual 0.7 1.5 4.9 (0.1) 1.8
The underwriting expense ratio, which measures underwriting expenses as a
percentage of net premiums earned, decreased by 3.1 points in 2005. The 2005
underwriting expense ratio was favorably impacted by the Group's focus on
expense management, including implementation of additional process efficiencies
that have continued to allow for reduced staffing levels and by a $5.1 reduction
to the surplus guarantee accrual related to the sale of the Group's New Jersey
private passenger auto business to Proformance Insurance Company
37
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
(Proformance). The employee count continued to decline in 2005 with an
approximate 20.4% reduction from 2003 as a result of the CSE initiative. The
employee count was 2,125, 2,190 and 2,669 as of December 31, 2005, 2004 and
2003, respectively. Partially offsetting the decline in expenses related to the
CSE initiative were increased incentive accruals due to improved profitability.
The 2004 underwriting expense ratio when compared to 2003 was favorably impacted
by a reduction in employee related costs, a non-recurring reduction in
assessments, fees and premium taxes and by other operating efficiencies. These
improvements were partially offset by 1.1 points of expense related to the
Proformance surplus guarantee.
The 2005, 2004 and 2003 underwriting expenses also included $3.4, $3.1 and $2.6
of software amortization expense before tax, respectively, related to the
rollout of P.A.R.I.S.(sm). On a GAAP accounting basis, the new application is
being amortized over a ten-year period. The amortization expense is expected to
be offset in part by reduced labor costs related to underwriting and policy
processing.
In 2001, the Group introduced into operation, P.A.R.I.S.(sm) for Commercial
Lines and substantially completed the rollout in 2002. At the end of 2004,
P.A.R.I.S.(sm) was deployed for the Specialty Lines commercial umbrella excess
capacity product line. Further implementation for other Specialty and Personal
Lines products is expected during the balance of 2006 and 2007.
The P.A.R.I.S.(sm) system provides the policy administration environment used
internally by the Group's associates. An extension of P.A.R.I.S.(sm) called
P.A.R.I.S. Express(sm) leverages the P.A.R.I.S.(sm) system to provide
underwriting, rating, inquiry and policy processing functionality to our agents.
P.A.R.I.S. Express(sm) is a proprietary internet interface that uses the
P.A.R.I.S.(sm) system to provide real-time functionality through a web browser
to our agents. In addition, the Group is simultaneously introducing P.A.R.I.S.
Connect(tm) which allows agents to transact with the Group directly from their
agency management system without requiring re-entering of customer or agency
information.
For selected Commercial Lines agents, P.A.R.I.S. Express(sm) and P.A.R.I.S.
Connect(tm) provides on-line quoting capability. In February of 2005, P.A.R.I.S.
Express(sm) was extended to support issuance and endorsement processing for
selected pilot agents; nationwide rollout started in December 2005 and will
extend through March 2006. Personal Lines currently offers on-line and real time
quoting and issuance for new business and endorsements through existing (non-
P.A.R.I.S.(sm)) systems.
Agents want a cost effective, timely and simple system for issuing and
maintaining insurance policies. P.A.R.I.S. Express(sm) and P.A.R.I.S.
Connect(tm) are the cornerstone in the Group's strategy of focusing on superior
agent service. The continued success of the Group's strategic plan depends in
part on the ability to provide agents with the technological advantages of these
tools. If they do not work as expected, or fail to satisfy agents' needs, the
Group may lose business to insurers with preferred technologies.
SEGMENT DISCUSSION
The Consolidated Corporation has three reportable segments: Commercial,
Specialty and Personal Lines. These reportable segments represent the
Consolidated Corporation's operating segments. Within each operating segment are
distinct insurance product lines that generate revenues by selling a variety of
commercial, surety and personal insurance products. The Commercial Lines
operating segment sells commercial multiple peril, commercial auto, general
liability and workers' compensation insurance as its primary products. The
Specialty Lines operating segment sells commercial umbrella, excess insurance
and fidelity and surety insurance as its primary products. The Personal Lines
operating segment sells personal automobile and homeowners insurance as its
primary products. The Corporation also has an all other segment, which derives
its revenue from investment income. For additional information relating to the
Consolidated Corporation's reportable segments see Item 15, Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 12 - Segment Information on pages 81 and
82 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
38
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
The table below presents the calendar year and accident year combined ratios
calculated on a statutory basis. The loss and LAE ratio components of the
accident year combined ratio measure losses and LAE arising from insured events
that occurred in the respective accident year. The current accident year
excludes losses and LAE for insured events that occurred in prior accident
years.
EARNED PREMIUM AND STATUTORY COMBINED RATIOS
Combined Ratios
-----------------------------------------------------------------
2005 Accident Accident Accident
(by operating segment, including Earned Year Year Year
selected major product lines) Premium 2005 2005(a) 2004 2004(a) 2003 2003(a)
- -------------------------------- -------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ --------
Commercial Lines $ 827.4 102.3% 98.8% 99.3% 98.9% 112.3% 100.5%
Workers' compensation 134.5 142.6% 111.4% 115.4% 111.0% 123.0% 109.8%
Commercial auto 230.5 82.6% 95.9% 90.3% 94.6% 105.5% 95.5%
General liability 93.3 111.8% 103.0% 105.0% 104.1% 122.6% 106.4%
CMP, fire & inland marine 369.1 97.6% 95.1% 97.5% 95.8% 109.7% 98.7%
Specialty Lines 143.2 89.9% 99.5% 97.2% 102.6% 77.2% 86.8%
Commercial umbrella 92.2 94.6% 108.5% 103.8% 106.8% 80.5% 91.3%
Fidelity & surety 51.0 81.7% 84.8% 78.9% 90.1% 68.1% 73.0%
Personal Lines 483.0 81.2% 88.9% 97.6% 94.9% 105.6% 100.1%
Personal auto incl. personal
umbrella 288.3 86.3% 95.9% 104.7% 102.2% 107.0% 101.0%
Personal property 194.7 73.8% 78.5% 86.8% 83.3% 103.3% 98.6%
-------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Total All Lines $1,453.6 94.2% 95.6% 98.4% 97.7% 106.1% 98.9%
======== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== =====
- ---------------
(a) Accident year 2005 as of December 31, 2005 measures insured events for the
twelve months of 2005. Accident year 2004 as of December 31, 2005 measures
insured events for the twelve months of 2004 with remaining related liabilities
estimated as of December 31, 2005. Accident year 2003 as of December 31, 2005
measures insured events for the twelve months of 2003 with remaining related
liabilities estimated as of December 31, 2005. Accident periods may not be
comparable due to seasonality, claim reporting and development patterns, claim
settlement rates and other factors.
The following segment information is presented on a GAAP basis unless otherwise
noted.
COMMERCIAL LINES SEGMENT
2005 2004 2003
------ ------ ------
Commercial Lines Segment
- ------------------------
Loss ratio 55.6% 52.8% 61.5%
Loss adjustment expense ratio 13.0% 12.4% 14.6%
Underwriting expense ratio 33.3% 35.4% 37.5%
----- ----- -----
Combined ratio 101.9% 100.6% 113.6%
===== ===== =====
The 2005 Commercial Lines combined ratio increased 1.3 points when compared to
2004 results. The increase in loss and LAE ratios of 3.4 points is primarily
related to $29.1 of adverse prior year reserve development compared to favorable
development of $15.0 in 2004. The adverse development in 2005 was primarily
related to the re-evaluation of lifetime case reserves in the workers'
compensation product line, partially offset by favorable prior year reserve
development in the commercial auto product line. The adverse reserve development
was further offset by favorable claim frequency trends. The underwriting ratio
decreased 2.1 points, primarily the result of staff reductions and operational
efficiencies implemented in 2004 and 2005.
The Commercial Lines combined ratio for the year 2004 decreased 13.0 points due
to a significantly lower loss ratio as a result of improved pricing and
underwriting quality in addition to favorable development on prior year
reserves. Favorable claim frequency trends, driven in part by underwriting
actions, and improved pricing helped to offset the Commercial Lines claim
severity trend. The 2004 combined ratio included 1.9 points of favorable
development on loss and LAE reserves from prior years, compared to adverse
development of 5.3 points in 2003 on loss and LAE reserves from prior years. The
decline in the combined ratio also included a 2.1 point improvement in the
underwriting expense ratio primarily as a result of staff reductions and
employee benefit changes.
Commercial Lines results for 2005 included a lower level of catastrophe losses
which added 2.2 points to the Commercial Lines combined ratio in 2005, compared
to 2.4 points and 2.6 points in 2004 and 2003 respectively.
39
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
The workers' compensation product line combined ratio was 142.4% in 2005, an
increase of 28.4 points compared to 114.0% in 2004 and 127.0% in 2003. The
adverse development on the workers' compensation product line is related to the
completion of a review of lifetime and other severe claims, which added 31.3
points to the workers' compensation combined ratio in 2005. Also impacting the
loss and LAE ratios for these periods were assessments for the National Workers'
Compensation Pool (NWCP), which added 0.4 points to the workers' compensation
combined ratio in 2005 compared to 4.9 points and 4.0 points in 2004 and 2003,
respectively. The Group continues to focus on improving profitability in the
workers' compensation product line. The Group has restricted writings in states
where the workers' compensation product line has historically been unprofitable
and is focused on growing this product line in profitable states and classes.
The concentration of the Group's business in a few states with limited pricing
flexibility provides less opportunity to address issues specific to the workers'
compensation product line in those states. These issues are offset by the
Group's approach to writing workers' compensation as part of an overall
Commercial Lines account, where underwriters seek to ensure that the pricing for
the entire account is adequate.
The general liability product line combined ratio was 111.3% in 2005, an
increase of 1.4 points compared to 109.9% in 2004 and 122.1% in 2003. This line
is exposed to construction defect issues which are being addressed through
strict underwriting standards for certain classes of business that are more
prone to construction defect claims. In addition, the Group has introduced
policy language changes to limit exposure to broadening court interpretations of
additional insured and contractual general liability provisions within the
policy. Also impacting the general liability product line combined ratio is an
increase in asbestos and environmental loss and LAE reserves which added 9.6
points to the general liability loss and LAE ratio related to certain pre-1970
assumed reinsurance.
SPECIALTY LINES SEGMENT
2005 2004 2003
----- ----- -----
Specialty Lines Segment
- -----------------------
Loss ratio 42.0% 42.6% 29.1%
Loss adjustment expense ratio 9.4% 4.8% 5.0%
Underwriting expense ratio 43.9% 49.3% 46.0%
---- ---- ----
Combined ratio 95.3% 96.7% 80.1%
==== ==== ====
Specialty Lines combined ratio for 2005 improved 1.4 points. Given the volume
and nature of the coverage, the Specialty Lines combined ratio is subject to
more volatility than the other product lines. The 2005 combined ratio included
$12.3, or 8.6 points, of favorable development on prior year loss and LAE
reserves compared to $9.4, or 6.3 points, in 2004 and $21.3, or 13.1 points, in
2003.
The fidelity and surety combined ratio increased to 83.2% in 2005, compared with
81.5% in 2004 and 65.7% in 2003. The 2005 fidelity and surety combined ratio
included $0.8 of favorable development on prior accident year loss and LAE
reserves compared to $4.2 in 2004 and $5.5 in 2003.
The 2005 commercial umbrella combined ratio was 101.9% compared to 103.2% and
85.5% in 2004 and 2003, respectively. The 2005 combined ratio included 12.4
points of favorable development on prior year loss and LAE reserves compared to
4.9 points and 12.7 points in 2004 and 2003, respectively. Also impacting the
comparison of 2005 to 2004 is the $6.1 reinstatement accrual in 2004, which
reduced net premium written and earned, putting upward pressure on the combined
and component ratios in 2004.
PERSONAL LINES SEGMENT
2005 2004 2003
----- ----- ------
Personal Lines Segment
- ----------------------
Loss ratio 48.1% 58.7% 67.5%
Loss adjustment expense ratio 7.1% 10.5% 11.0%
Underwriting expense ratio 25.6% 29.7% 28.2%
---- ---- -----
Combined ratio 80.8% 98.9% 106.7%
==== ==== =====
The Personal Lines combined ratio for 2005 decreased 18.1 points over the same
period last year, as all components of the combined ratio saw improvements. The
loss and LAE ratios improved 14.0 points over 2004 resulting from lower
catastrophe losses, favorable development on prior years' reserves and favorable
claim frequency trends. The 2005 loss ratio included 1.5 points related to
catastrophe losses verses 4.9 points and 4.8
40
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
points in 2004 and 2003, respectively. Favorable prior years reserve development
was $36.9 or 7.6 points in 2005, compared to adverse development of $2.6 or 0.5
points and $14.4 or 3.0 points in 2004 and 2003, respectively. The underwriting
expense ratio improved 4.1 points, which included a 1.1 point reduction related
to the Proformance surplus guarantee, compared to a 3.2 point increase in 2004.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Management of the Consolidated Corporation has identified the policies listed
below as significant accounting policies that are critical to the Consolidated
Corporation's business operations and influence the consolidated results of
operations and financial performance. The policies listed below were selected as
they require a higher degree of complexity or use subjective judgments or
assessments. Changes in these judgments, assessments or estimates could have a
material adverse impact on the Consolidated Corporation's financial statements.
These policies follow accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States. A summary of each critical accounting policy follows. Management
discusses the development and selection of these accounting policies with the
Audit Committee of the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee has reviewed
the Consolidated Corporation's MD&A. For a complete discussion on the
application of these and other accounting policies, see Item 15, Note 1, Summary
of Significant Accounting Changes, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements, on pages 67-69 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
INVESTMENTS
All investment securities are classified upon acquisition as either
held-to-maturity or available-for-sale. Fixed income securities classified as
held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost as management has the ability and
positive intent to hold the securities until maturity. Available-for-sale
securities are those securities that are not classified as either
held-to-maturity or trading. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair
value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as a
component of other comprehensive income, net of deferred tax. Transfers of fixed
income securities into the held-to-maturity category from the available-for-sale
category are made at fair value at the date of transfer. The unrealized holding
gain or loss at the date of transfer is retained in other comprehensive income
and in the carrying value of the held-to-maturity securities. Such amounts are
amortized over the remaining life of the security. Equity securities are carried
at quoted market values and include non-redeemable preferred stocks and common
stocks. The difference between cost and quoted market value, net of deferred
taxes, is classified as other comprehensive income. The Consolidated Corporation
closely monitors the fixed income and equity portfolios for declines in value
that are deemed to be other than temporary. Investments are regularly evaluated
based on current economic conditions, credit loss experience and other specific
developments. If a decline in a security's fair value is considered to be other
than temporary, the security is written down to the estimated fair value with a
corresponding realized loss recognized in the then current consolidated
statement of income.
Mortgage-backed securities are amortized over a period based on estimated future
principal payments, including prepayments. Prepayment assumptions are reviewed
periodically and adjusted to reflect actual prepayments and changes in
expectations. Upon receipt of payments from such securities, the appropriate
amount of the funds are allocated between a reduction of principal and interest
income. In making this allocation decision, investment personnel consider such
factors as the original estimated average life of the investment, the amount of
funds received to date and the timing of future cash flows. Variations from
prepayment assumptions will affect the life and yield of these securities. These
securities are evaluated for impairment by computing the net-present-value of
expected future cash flows and comparing this to the prior period estimate of
expected future cash flows from the security. When the timing and/or amount of
cash expected to be received from the security has changed materially and
adversely from the previous valuation, the security is considered to be other
than temporarily impaired and the amortized cost is written down to the
estimated fair value with a realized loss recorded in the then current
consolidated statement of income.
REINSURANCE
Reinsurance is a contract by which one insurer, called a reinsurer, agrees to
cover, under certain defined circumstances, a portion of the losses incurred by
a primary insurer in the event a claim is made under a policy issued by the
primary insurer. The Group purchases reinsurance to diversify risk and reduce
the loss that may arise from large or catastrophic losses or other events that
cause unfavorable underwriting results. The Group records its ceded reinsurance
transactions on a gross basis by recording an asset as reinsurance recoverable
for estimates of paid and unpaid losses, including estimates for losses incurred
but not reported. The collectibility of reinsurance depends on the solvency of
the reinsurers at the time any claims are presented. The Group evaluates each
reinsurer's financial health, claims settlement performance and monitors
concentrations of
41
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
credit risk to minimize exposure to significant losses from reinsurer
insolvencies. Each year, the Group reviews financial statements and calculates
various ratios used to identify reinsurers who no longer meet appropriate
standards of financial strength. Reinsurers who fail these tests are reviewed
and those that are determined by the Group to have insufficient financial
strength are removed from the program at renewal. Additionally, a large number
of reinsurers are utilized to mitigate concentration of risk. To the extent that
any reinsuring companies are unable to meet obligations under the ceded
reinsurance agreements, the Group would remain liable to the policyholder.
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are calculated in a manner consistent with
the reinsurance contract and are reported net of an estimated allowance for
uncollectible reinsurance amounts, as deemed necessary. At December 31, 2005 and
2004, no reinsurer accounted for more than 15 percent of the reinsurance
recoverable amount. As a result of these controls, amounts of uncollectible
reinsurance have not been significant. There are several programs that provide
reinsurance coverage and the programs in effect for 2005 are discussed in the
"Reinsurance Programs" section of Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operation, on page 55 of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K. Additionally, reinsurance is further discussed in Item 15,
Note 1K, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies on page 68 and Note 6,
Reinsurance, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 77 of
this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
AGENT RELATIONSHIPS
The agent relationships asset is an identifiable intangible asset representing
the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in connection with
the 1998 GAI commercial lines acquisition. This purchase price was allocated to
specifically identifiable intangible assets based on their estimated values as
determined by appropriate valuation models. The agent relationships asset is
amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of twenty-five
years. The estimated useful life was based on the Group's actual experience for
agency appointment terms for similar agents, which averaged approximately
twenty-five years in length. The estimated useful life is evaluated on an annual
basis or as events or circumstances arise that may impact the useful life of the
asset. The asset is evaluated quarterly as events or circumstances, such as
cancellation of agents, indicate a possible inability to recover the carrying
amount. Cancellation of certain agents for reasons such as lack of revenue
production or poor quality of business produced does not necessarily change the
estimated useful life of the remaining agents representing the agent
relationships intangible asset. Such evaluation is based on various analyses,
including cash flow and profitability projections that incorporate, as
applicable, the impact on existing company businesses. The analyses involve
significant management judgments to evaluate the capacity of an acquired
business to perform within projections. If future undiscounted cash flows are
insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is
recognized in income in the period in which the future cash flows are identified
to be insufficient in comparison to the carrying amount of the asset. Due to the
inherent uncertainties and judgments involved in developing assumptions for each
agent, further reductions in the valuation of the agent relationships asset are
likely to occur in the future.
PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLAN ACTUARIAL ASSUMPTIONS
The Company sponsors a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan and a
contributory postretirement healthcare plan. The pension and postretirement
benefit obligations, related costs and contributions are calculated using
actuarial methods in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(SFAS) No. 87, "Employers' Accounting for Pensions" and SFAS 106, "Employers'
Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pension." Several statistical
and other factors, which attempt to anticipate future events, are used in
calculating the expense and liability related to the plans. Key factors include
assumptions about the expected rates of return on plan assets, discount rates,
rate of compensation increases and health care cost trend rates, as determined
by the Company, within certain guidelines. The Company considers market
conditions, including changes in investment returns, interest rates and
inflation in making these assumptions. Any adjustments to these assumptions are
based on considerations of current and future market conditions, which can
result in changes to the future related benefit obligations, related costs and
contributions incurred by the Company. Management reviews the assumptions used
in the valuations on an annual basis, or more frequently as deemed necessary.
The Company determines the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
based on the geometric method, which represents the average compound return of
the plan assets. Plan assets are comprised primarily of investments in mutual
funds, common stocks, corporate bonds, U.S. government securities, real estate
investment trusts and other investments. The Company considers the current level
of expected returns on risk free investments, primarily government bonds, the
historical level of the risk premium associated with the other asset classes,
current and expected asset allocation and the expectations for future returns of
each asset class
42
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
when developing the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption. The
expected return for each asset class is weighted based on the target asset
allocation to develop the expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption
for the portfolio. This resulted in the selection of the 8.75% assumption for
2005, 2004 and 2003. The expected rate of return on plan assets is a long-term
assumption. Holding all other assumptions constant, a one-percentage-point
increase or decrease in the assumed rate of return on plan assets would decrease
or increase, respectively, 2005 net periodic pension expense by approximately
$3.1.
In determining the discount rate assumption, the Company utilizes current market
information including analysis of the Moody's "Aa" Corporate Bond Index Rate,
analysis provided by plan actuaries and independent survey data on similarly
positioned companies. As regards to the analysis provided by plan actuaries, a
discounted cash flow model of the plan's benefit obligations was developed using
an interest rate yield curve to make judgments regarding the appropriate
discount rate for both its pension and postretirement medical benefit
obligations. The yield curve is comprised of the highest quartile yielding bonds
with at least an "Aa" rating and with maturities primarily between zero and
thirty years. This resulted in the selection of 5.50% for 2005, 5.95% for 2004
and 6.15% for 2003 for the pension plan and 5.35% for 2005, 5.75% for 2004 and
6.15% for 2003 for the postretirement medical plan.
Unrecognized losses of approximately $51.9, as of the measurement date
(September 30, 2005), are being recognized over approximately a 13-year period,
which represents the average future service period of active participants.
Unrecognized gains and losses arise from several factors including experience
and assumption changes in the obligations and from the difference between
expected and actual returns on plan assets. These unrecognized losses will be
systematically recognized as an increase in future net periodic pension expense
in accordance with SFAS 87.
The Company contributed $19.0 in the first quarter of 2006 and is currently
evaluating whether any further contributions will be made in 2006. The source
for the funding will be cash flow from operating activities.
Key assumptions used in determining the amount of the obligation and expense
recorded for postretirement benefits other than pensions (OPEB), under SFAS 106,
including the assumed discount rate and the assumed rate of increases in future
health care costs, are reviewed by management on an annual basis, or more
frequently as deemed necessary. In estimating the health care cost trend rate,
the Company considers its actual health care cost experience, future benefit
structures, industry trends and advice from its third-party actuaries. The
Company assumes that the relative increase in health care costs will generally
trend downward over the next several years, reflecting assumed increases in
efficiency in the health care system and industry-wide cost containment
initiatives. At December 31, 2005, the expected rate of increase in future
health care costs was 9% declining to 5% in 2013 and thereafter. Increasing the
assumed health care cost trend by one percentage point in each year would
increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31,
2005, by approximately $4.2 and increase the postretirement benefit cost for
2005 by $0.3. Likewise, decreasing the assumed health care cost trend by one
percentage point in each year would decrease the accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation as of December 31, 2005, by approximately $3.6 and decrease
the postretirement benefit cost for 2005 by $0.2.
The actuarial assumptions used by the Company in determining its pension and
OPEB retirement benefits may differ materially from actual results due to
changing market and economic conditions, higher or lower turnover and retirement
rates or longer or shorter life spans of participants. While the Company
believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual
experience or changes in assumptions may materially affect the Company's
financial position or results of operations.
In 2004, the Company announced changes to its defined benefit retirement plan
and defined postretirement health care plans. The Company's traditional defined
benefit retirement plan was amended to freeze accrued benefits effective June
30, 2004, and to incorporate a new benefit formula beginning July 2004. As a
result of this change in the defined benefit retirement plan, the Company
recognized a reduction in net periodic pension cost of $2.3 and $1.9 in 2005 and
2004, respectively, attributable to the amortization of unrecognized prior
service cost and has a remaining unrecognized prior service cost of $27.5 at
December 31, 2005 which will be ratably recognized over the next 12 years as a
reduction of net periodic pension cost. Also effective in July 2004, eligibility
for subsidized retiree medical and dental coverage was restricted to then
current retirees and employees with 25 or more years of continuous service.
Other employees are eligible for access to unsubsidized retiree medical and
dental coverage. As a result of this change in the defined postretirement
43
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
benefit plan, the Company recognized a reduction in net periodic postretirement
cost of $6.1 and $5.0 in 2005 and 2004, respectively, attributable to the
amortization of unrecognized prior service cost and has a remaining unrecognized
prior service cost of $48.9 at December 31, 2005, which will be ratably
recognized over the next eight years as a reduction of net periodic
postretirement cost.
For more information on the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit
plans, please refer to Item 15, Note 4, Employee Benefit Plans, in the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements, on pages 72-75 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
RESERVES FOR LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
The Group's largest liabilities are reserves for losses and LAE. Loss and LAE
reserves (collectively "loss reserves") are established for all incurred claims
without discounting for the time value of money. Before credit for reinsurance
recoverables, these reserves amounted to $2.9 billion and $2.8 billion at
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. As of December 31, 2005, the loss
reserves by operating segment were as follows: $1,814.6 Commercial Lines, $743.9
Specialty Lines and $388.3 Personal Lines. The Group purchases reinsurance to
mitigate the impact of large losses and catastrophic events. Loss reserves ceded
to reinsurers amounted to $684.6 and $570.3 at December 31, 2005 and 2004,
respectively.
The Group conducts a quarterly review of loss reserves using the methods
described below, and records its best estimate each quarter based on that
review. In the opinion of management, the reserves recorded at December 31, 2005
represent the Group's best estimate of its ultimate liability for losses and
LAE. However, due to the inherent complexity of the estimation process and the
potential variability of the assumptions used, final claim settlements may vary
significantly from the amounts recorded. Furthermore, the timing, frequency and
extent of adjustments to the estimated liabilities cannot be predicted with
certainty since conditions and events which established historical loss reserve
development and which serve as the basis for estimating ultimate claim costs may
not occur in exactly the same manner, if at all.
Loss reserves are an estimate of ultimate unpaid costs of losses and LAE for
claims that have been reported and claims that have been incurred but not yet
reported. Loss reserves do not represent an exact calculation of liability, but
instead represent estimates, generally utilizing actuarial expertise and
reserving methods, at a given accounting date. These loss reserve estimates are
expectations of what the ultimate settlement and administration of claims will
cost upon final resolution in the future, based on the Group's assessment of
facts and circumstances then known. In establishing reserves, the Group also
takes into account estimated recoveries for reinsurance, salvage and
subrogation.
The process of estimating loss reserves involves a high degree of judgment and
is subject to a number of risk factors. These risk factors can be related to
both internal and external events, such as changes in claims handling
procedures, economic inflation, legal trends and legislative changes, among
others. The impact of these items on ultimate costs for loss and LAE is
difficult to estimate. Loss reserve estimation differs by product line due to
differences in claim complexity, the volume of claims, the potential severity of
individual claims, the determination of occurrence date for a claim and
reporting lags (the time between the occurrence of the policyholder loss event
and when it is actually reported to the insurer). Informed judgment is applied
throughout the process. The Group continually refines its loss reserve estimates
in a regular ongoing process as historical loss experience develops and
additional claims are reported and settled. The Group considers all significant
facts and circumstances known at the time loss reserves are established. Due to
the inherent uncertainty underlying loss reserve estimates, final resolution of
the estimated liability will be different from that anticipated at the reporting
date. Therefore, actual paid losses in the future may yield a materially
different amount than currently reserved--favorable or unfavorable. The Group
reflects adjustments to reserves in the results of operations in the period the
estimates are changed.
The following table displays case, IBNR and LAE reserves by product line both
gross and net of reinsurance recoverables. Case reserves represent amounts
determined for each claim based on the known facts regarding the claim and the
parameters of the coverage that our policy provides. The IBNR reserves include
provisions for incurred but not reported claims, provisions for losses in excess
of the case reserves on previously reported claims, claims to be reopened and a
provision for uncertainty in recognition of the variability and risk factors
described below. The IBNR provision also includes an offset for anticipated
salvage and subrogation recoveries. LAE reserves are an estimate of the expenses
related to resolving and settling claims. Reserves ceded to reinsurers and
reserves net of reinsurance are also shown.
44
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
Loss and LAE Reserves as of December 31, 2005 and 2004:
Gross Total Total
Year Operating Segment Case IBNR LAE Total Ceded Net
- ---- ------------------------ -------- --------- -------- -------- -------- --------
2005 Commercial Lines $ 700.9 $ 762.2 $ 351.5 $1,814.6 $ 165.4 $1,649.2
Workers' compensation 387.1 344.0 69.2 800.3 131.4 668.9
Commercial auto 103.2 109.7 44.6 257.5 6.0 251.5
General liability 59.4 117.3 92.6 269.3 5.2 264.1
CMP, fire & inland
marine 151.2 191.2 145.1 487.5 22.8 464.7
Specialty Lines 134.8 516.2 92.9 743.9 454.1 289.8
Commercial umbrella 116.4 516.1 85.9 718.4 442.4 276.0
Fidelity & surety 18.4 0.1 7.0 25.5 11.7 13.8
Personal Lines 194.8 126.1 67.4 388.3 65.1 323.2
Personal auto &
umbrella 164.1 91.3 50.6 306.0 64.1 241.9
Personal property 30.7 34.8 16.8 82.3 1.0 81.3
Total All Lines $1,030.5 $ 1,404.5 $ 511.8 $2,946.8 $ 684.6 $2,262.2
-------- --------- -------- -------- -------- --------
2004 Commercial Lines $ 611.8 $ 727.1 $ 331.9 $1,670.8 $ 106.4 $1,564.4
Workers' compensation 322.7 326.0 72.3 721.0 80.4 640.6
Commercial auto 99.6 126.2 44.7 270.5 9.8 260.7
General liability 55.2 106.3 89.5 251.0 4.9 246.1
CMP, fire & inland
marine 134.3 168.6 125.4 428.3 11.3 417.0
Specialty Lines 105.7 472.4 78.3 656.4 404.3 252.1
Commercial umbrella 93.1 470.9 73.2 637.2 398.7 238.5
Fidelity & surety 12.6 1.5 5.1 19.2 5.6 13.6
Personal Lines 214.7 137.9 76.6 429.2 59.6 369.6
Personal auto &
umbrella 184.2 97.7 59.4 341.3 56.5 284.8
Personal property 30.5 40.2 17.2 87.9 3.1 84.8
Total All Lines $ 932.2 $ 1,337.4 $ 486.8 $2,756.4 $ 570.3 $2,186.1
-------- --------- -------- -------- -------- --------
RESERVE ESTIMATION METHODS
Most of our insurance policies are written on an occurrence basis which provides
coverage if a loss occurs in the policy period, even if the insured reports the
loss many years later. In addition, final settlement of certain claims can be
delayed for years or decades due to litigation or other reasons. For example,
some general liability claims are reported 10 years or more after the policy
period, and the workers' compensation coverage provided by our policies pays
unlimited medical benefits for the duration of the claimant's injury up to the
lifetime of the claimant. Occurrence based forms of insurance require estimation
of future costs, including the effect of judicial interpretations, societal
litigation trends and medical cost inflation, among others. Reserve development
can occur over time as conditions and circumstances change in the years
following the policy issuance.
Product lines are generally classified as either long-tail or short-tail, based
on the average length of time between the event triggering claims under a policy
and the final resolution of those claims. Short-tail claims are reported and
settled quickly, resulting in less estimation variability. The longer the time
before final claim resolution, the greater the exposure to estimation risks and
hence the greater the estimation uncertainty. Long-tail product lines
45
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
include workers' compensation, commercial umbrella and general liability.
Short-tail lines include homeowners, property and bonds. Product lines such as
personal and commercial auto and commercial multi-peril include some long-tail
coverages and some short-tail coverages.
A key assumption in most actuarial analyses is that past patterns demonstrated
in the data will repeat themselves in the future, absent a material change in
the associated risk factors discussed below. To the extent a material change
affecting the ultimate claim liability is known, such change is quantified to
the extent possible through an analysis of internal company data and, if
available and when appropriate, external data. Such a measurement is specific to
the facts and circumstances of the particular claim portfolio and the known
change being evaluated.
The process for estimating loss reserves begins by assessing risks and
exposures. Data on individual reported claims, both current and historical, is
collected including paid amounts and individual claim adjuster estimates, and
this data is grouped by common characteristics and evaluated in the analyses of
ultimate claim liabilities by product line. Such data is occasionally
supplemented with external data such as industry development factors as
available and when appropriate. The process of analyzing reserves is undertaken
on a regular basis, generally quarterly, in light of continually updated
information.
Multiple estimation methods are available for the analysis of ultimate claim
liabilities. Each estimation method has its own advantages and disadvantages,
with no single estimation method being better than the others in all situations.
Generally more methods are used for long-tail product lines because of the
difficulty in estimating reserves for these lines. Also, more methods are
generally used for recent accident years compared to older accident years
because the data available for recent accident years is less mature. The
relative strengths and weaknesses of the particular estimation methods when
applied to a particular group of claims can also change over time based on the
available facts and circumstances. Therefore, the actual choice of estimation
methods can change with each evaluation. The estimation methods chosen are those
that are believed to produce the most reliable indication at that particular
evaluation date for the claim liabilities being evaluated.
The principal actuarial reserving methods utilized by the Group to establish
loss reserves include, but are not limited to:
1. Paid loss development - payment patterns of prior claims are used to
estimate future payment patterns which are applied to current
payments to derive an estimate of ultimate losses.
2. Incurred loss development - case incurred patterns of prior claims
are used to estimate future incurred patterns which are applied to
current incurred losses to derive an estimate of ultimate losses.
3. Expected loss ratio - loss ratios are determined for recent accident
years based on historical accident year loss ratios, recent economic
trends and changes in the book of business, including rate levels.
The expected loss ratio for each accident year is then applied to
the actual earned premiums to calculate ultimate losses.
4. Bornhuetter-Ferguson estimates - blends the expected loss ratio
method with either the paid or incurred loss development method
using weights based on the maturity of the accident year.
5. Claim count and severity estimates - ultimate claim counts and
average claim severities are developed separately and then
multiplied to derive an estimate of ultimate losses.
For short-tail lines, the paid loss and incurred loss development methods are
generally relied on for all accident years, and the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method
is also relied on for the most recent accident year. For long-tail lines, all of
the above methods may be used for the most recent accident years, and as
accident years mature, reliance is shifted to the paid and incurred loss
development methods.
The merits of each method are evaluated given the facts at hand. An estimate of
the ultimate losses is then made based upon the particular method or combination
of methods that is deemed most appropriate. In some cases the methodologies
produce a cluster of estimates with a tight band of indicated possible outcomes.
In other cases, the methodologies produce conflicting results and wider bands of
indicated possible outcomes. Management does not believe that such bands
constitute a range of outcomes, nor does management determine a range of
outcomes.
Reserves for losses and allocated LAE for asbestos and environmental exposures
are especially difficult to determine because of the high amount of legal costs
and the extended period of time required to settle these claims. Methods used by
the Group to estimate these loss reserves include survival ratio estimates,
curve fitting applied to both paid and case incurred losses and allocated LAE,
and frequency and severity estimates.
46
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
RESERVE VARIABILITY AND UNCERTAINTY
There is a great deal of uncertainty in the loss reserve estimates and
unforeseen events can have unfavorable impacts on the loss reserve estimates.
Reinsurance is purchased to mitigate the impact of large losses and catastrophic
events. The estimate of reinsurance recoverables is considered a critical
accounting estimate and discussed on pages 41 and 42 of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
Loss reserve uncertainty is illustrated by the variability in reserve
development presented in the Analysis of Development of Loss and LAE Liabilities
schedule which appears on pages 11 and 12 under Item 1 of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. This schedule shows cumulative loss reserve development for each of
the past ten years through December 31, 2005 on a gross and net of reinsurance
basis. The development on a net of reinsurance basis as a percent of the
original estimates ranges from adverse development of 17.2% of original
estimates for loss reserves at year-end 2000 to favorable development of 0.9% of
original estimates for loss reserves at year-end 2004. The oldest period shown,
1995, shows adverse development of 1.9% of original loss reserves ten years
after the original estimates.
To illustrate the uncertainty by operating segment, the following table provides
the before-tax amount of prior accident years' loss reserve development by
operating segment on a net of reinsurance basis for the years ended December 31,
2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively:
Operating Segment 2005 2004 2003
- ------------------------------------------- ------- ------- ------
Commercial Lines $ 29.1 $(15.0) $ 41.0
Specialty Lines (12.3) (9.4) (21.3)
Personal Lines (36.9) 2.6 14.4
------ ------ ------
Total Prior Accident Years' Development $(20.1) $(21.8) $ 34.1
====== ====== ======
This table illustrates that favorable development can occur for one operating
segment while adverse development occurs for another, and that development from
year to year can be either favorable or adverse for an operating segment.
Within each operating segment, development can also be favorable or adverse by
product line within the same period. For example, for the Commercial Lines
operating segment in 2005, the workers' compensation product line had adverse
development of $42.0 while the commercial auto product line had favorable
development of $30.6.
Reserve estimates are also uncertain by accident period. To illustrate this, the
following table provides the before-tax amount of prior accident years' loss and
LAE reserve development by accident year on a net of reinsurance basis for all
lines combined:
Accident Period 2005 2004 2003
- ------------------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Accident Year 2004 $(30.8) $ - $ -
Accident Year 2003 (32.0) (36.9) -
Accident Year 2002 (28.2) (10.4) (39.0)
Accident Year 2001 (7.6) (0.9) 8.0
Accident Year 2000 & prior 78.5 26.4 65.1
------ ------ ------
Total Prior Accident Years' Development $(20.1) $(21.8) $ 34.1
====== ====== ======
This table illustrates that recent accident periods have developed favorably
while the older periods have developed adversely. More than half of the $78.5 of
adverse development for accident years 2000 & prior in calendar period 2005 is
attributed to our review of workers' compensation permanent cases which is
discussed in more detail below. We do not believe that older accident years will
always develop adversely while more recent years develop favorably. However, it
should be understood that the "prior" accident years' category includes claims
covering many decades, many of which are complex. Conversely, the recent
accident years include a mix of claims of varying degrees of difficulty for
which many are relatively straight-forward to establish loss reserves.
47
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
The Group does not prepare loss reserve ranges, nor does it project future
variability, when determining its best estimate, although the above examples of
actual historical changes in loss reserve estimates provide a measure of the
uncertainty underlying the current loss reserve estimates. The Loss Reserve
process takes all risk factors, as previously disclosed, into account, but no
one risk factor has been bifurcated to perform a sensitivity or variability
analysis because the risk factors were considered in the aggregate. As a result,
the Group is not in a position to quantify the impact of reasonably likely
changes to significant assumptions at this time. Nevertheless, the Group plans
to undertake an assessment to evaluate the sensitivity or variability of changes
in significant assumptions related to the Group's estimate of loss reserves in
the aggregate and/or by product line, to the extent material. Upon completion of
such sensitivity or variability assessment, and to the extent that management
believes the information to be reasonably accurate and credible and would be
beneficial, in the opinion of management, to the understanding of the Group's
financial statements, the Corporation will include the outcome of this
sensitivity/variability analysis either in the aggregate or by product line, as
appropriate, in the first practicable periodic filing of the Corporation that
follows the completion of this assessment and continuing thereafter.
The Group has four categories of loss reserves that it considers highly
uncertain, and therefore, could have a material impact on future financial
results: workers' compensation, asbestos and environmental liability,
construction defect exposures and commercial umbrella. These categories are
described below with relevant historical data.
Workers' compensation represents the Group's largest product line as measured by
the magnitude of loss reserves, representing approximately 30% of the total on a
net of reinsurance basis. The coverage provided includes indemnity and medical
benefits generally defined by state regulation. Indemnity benefits compensate
the injured worker for wage replacement, while the medical benefits generally
provide unlimited coverage for a work-related accident for the life of the
claimant. Many workers' compensation claims are small and are settled within a
year or two of the accident date. However, some of the claims are serious,
resulting in costs that can extend for decades. For workers' compensation loss
reserves net of reinsurance at year-end 2005, approximately 60% are related to
claims over five years old, and approximately 35% are related to claims over ten
years old.
During 2005, in response to industry wide development, the Group's claims
department reviewed permanent workers' compensation cases to re-assess life
expectancy and medical costs. The review resulted in increases to loss reserves
on approximately 25% of the inventory of approximately 1,200 permanent cases.
These adjustments comprise a substantial part of the $42.0 adverse development
for this product line in 2005. The Group will continue to monitor these types of
claims in the future.
In recent years, asbestos and environmental liability claims have expanded
greatly in the insurance industry. Historically, the Group has written small
commercial accounts with a focus on contracting business. Within the
manufacturing category, the Group has concentrated on light manufacturers, thus
the Group's exposure to asbestos is related to installers and distributors as
opposed to the large manufacturers. Consequently, the Group believes it has
minimal exposure to the primary defendants involved in major asbestos
litigation. The Group's exposure to environmental liability is due to policies
written prior to the introduction of the absolute pollution endorsement in the
mid-80's and to underground storage tanks, mostly from New Jersey homeowner's
policies in recent years. The Group has limited exposures to the national
priority list, a list of known or threatened releases of hazardous substances,
pollutants, or contaminants throughout the United States. The Group also has
limited asbestos and environmental exposures related to assumed reinsurance
business written prior to 1980 with small policy limits.
In 2005 and 2004, respectively, the Group paid loss and LAE of $7.3 and $7.0 for
asbestos and environmental claims on a net of reinsurance basis. At year-end
2005 and 2004, asbestos and environmental reserves net of reinsurance were $95.8
and $82.6, respectively.
The Group defines construction defect exposure as liability for allegations of
defective work and completed operations losses from general, commercial multiple
peril and umbrella liability policies involving multiple-units
(condos/townhouses/apartments/tracts of single family homes), multiple
defendants (e.g. developers, sub-contractors), usually with multiple defect
issues, and often involving multiple insurance carriers. Loss reserves are
difficult to estimate for this exposure because of the complexity of the claims
and the late reporting which often occurs many years after the policy term. The
Group excludes from this definition claims related to individual single family
homes, apartments/townhomes or other residential properties if the defect issues
are limited in scope and volume.
48
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
Paid losses for construction defect claims, net of reinsurance, were $19.2 in
2005, compared to $9.9 in 2004 and $16.5 in 2003. Paid claims legal related LAE,
net of reinsurance, for construction defect claims were $6.1 in 2005, compared
with $5.1 in 2004 and $4.3 in 2003. Loss and legal related LAE reserves were
$56.4, $78.3 and $86.7 at year-end 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. These
totals exclude construction defect losses from the state of California because
the Group stopped writing in that state in 1993 and the remaining claims are
minimal.
The Group writes commercial umbrella business with large policy limits. The
period of time between the loss occurrence, the reporting of the claim to the
insurer, and the settlement of the claim can extend over many years. The large
policy limits, complexity of claims and the lengthy time period required to
reach settlement increase the uncertainty of loss estimates. Reinsurance is
purchased to mitigate the impact of these large losses. For 2005 and 2004,
commercial umbrella loss reserves prior to reinsurance were $718.4 and $637.1,
respectively, while loss reserves net of reinsurance were $272.3 and $236.1,
respectively.
LOSS AND LAE RISK FACTORS
The major causes of material uncertainty ("risk factors") generally will vary
for each product line, as well as for each separately analyzed component of the
product line. In some cases, such risk factors are explicit assumptions of the
estimation method and in others, they are implicit. Actual results will likely
vary from expectations for each of these assumptions, resulting in an ultimate
claim liability that is different from that being estimated currently.
Some risk factors will affect more than one product line. Examples include
changes in claim handling practices, changes in settlement patterns, regulatory
and legislative actions, court actions, timeliness of claim reporting, state mix
of claimants and degree of claimant fraud. The extent of the impact of a risk
factor will also vary by components within a product line. Individual risk
factors are also subject to interactions with other risk factors within product
line components.
The effect of a particular risk factor on estimates of claim liabilities cannot
be isolated in most cases. For example, estimates of potential claim settlements
may be impacted by the risk associated with potential court rulings, but the
final settlement agreement typically does not delineate how much of the settled
amount is due to this and other factors.
The evaluation of data is also subject to distortion from extreme events or
structural shifts. While some changes in the claim environment are sudden in
nature (such as a new court ruling affecting the interpretation of all contracts
in that jurisdiction), others are more evolutionary. Evolutionary changes can
occur when multiple factors affect final claim values, with the uncertainty
surrounding each factor being resolved separately, in step-wise fashion. The
final impact is not known until all steps have occurred.
Sudden changes generally cause a one-time shift in claim liability estimates,
although there may be some lag in reliable quantification of their impact.
Evolutionary changes generally cause a series of shifts in claim liability
estimates, as each component of the evolutionary change becomes evident and
estimable.
LOSS AND LAE RISK FACTORS BY PRODUCT LINE
The following section details reserving considerations and loss and LAE risk
factors for the product lines representing most of our loss reserves. Each risk
factor presented will have a different impact on required loss reserves. Also,
risk factors can have offsetting or compounding effects on required loss
reserves. For example, in workers' compensation, the use of expensive medical
procedures that result in medical cost inflation may enable workers to return to
work faster, thereby lowering indemnity costs. Thus, in almost all cases, it is
impossible to discretely measure the effect of a single risk factor and
construct a meaningful sensitivity expectation. The Group does not make explicit
assumptions for the risk factors described below.
o WORKERS' COMPENSATION
Workers' compensation is generally considered a long-tail coverage, as it takes
a relatively long period of time to finalize claims from a given accident year.
While certain payments such as initial medical treatment or temporary wage
replacement for the injured worker are made quickly, some other payments are
made over the course of several years, such as awards for permanent partial
injuries. In addition, some payments can run as long as the injured worker's
life, such as permanent disability benefits and on-going medical care. Despite
the
49
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
possibility of long payment tail, the reporting lags are generally short,
settlements are generally not complex, and most of the liability can be
considered high frequency, moderate severity. The largest reserve risk generally
comes from the low frequency, high severity claims providing lifetime coverage
for medical expense arising from a worker's injury. Overall, the claim
liabilities for this line create a somewhat greater than moderate estimation
risk.
Examples of loss and LAE risk factors that can change and, thus, affect the
required workers' compensation loss reserves include, but are not limited to,
the following:
Indemnity claims risk factors
- -----------------------------
Time required to recover from the injury
Degree of available transitional jobs
Degree of legal involvement
Changes in the interpretations and processes of the workers' compensation
commissions' oversight of claims
Future wage inflation for states that index benefits
Changes in the administrative policies of second injury funds
Medical claims risk factors
- ---------------------------
Changes in the cost of medical treatments (including prescription drugs) and
underlying fee schedules
Frequency of visits to health providers
Number of medical procedures given during visits to health providers
Types of health providers used
Type of medical treatments received
Use of preferred provider networks and other medical cost containment practices
Availability of new medical processes and equipment
Changes in the use of pharmaceutical drugs
Degree of patient responsiveness to treatment
Book of business risk factors
- -----------------------------
Injury type mix
Changes in underwriting standards
General workers' compensation risk factors
- ------------------------------------------
Frequency of claim re-openings on claims previously closed
Mortality trends of injured workers with lifetime benefits and medical treatment
Degree of cost shifting between workers' compensation and health insurance
o GENERAL LIABILITY
General liability is considered a long-tail line, as it takes a relatively long
period of time to finalize and settle claims from a given accident year. The
speed of claim reporting and claim settlement is a function of the specific
coverage provided, the jurisdiction and specific policy provisions. There are
numerous components underlying the general liability product line. Some of these
have relatively moderate payment patterns (with most of the claims for a given
accident year closed within 5 to 7 years), while others can have extreme lags in
both reporting and payment of claims. In addition, this line includes asbestos
and environmental claims which are reviewed separately because of the unique
character of the exposures.
Defense costs are also a part of the insured costs covered by liability policies
and can be significant, sometimes greater than the cost of the actual paid
indemnity amounts. For most of our policies defense costs are outside of policy
limits, meaning that amounts paid are in addition to the indemnity limits
provided by the policy.
Major contributors to loss reserve estimate uncertainty for general liability
include the reporting lag (i.e. the length of time between the event triggering
coverage and the actual reporting of the claim), the number of parties involved
in the underlying tort action, whether the "event" triggering coverage is
confined to only one time period or is spread over multiple time periods, the
potential dollars involved (in the individual claim actions), whether such
claims were reasonably foreseeable and intended to be covered at the time the
contracts were written (i.e., coverage dispute potential) and the potential for
mass claim actions. Claims with longer reporting lags result in greater inherent
risk.
50
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
Examples of loss and LAE risk factors that can change and thus affect the
required general liability loss reserves include, but are not limited to, the
following:
Claims risk factors
- -------------------
Changes in claim handling procedures
Changes in policy provisions or court interpretation of such provisions
New theories of liability
Trends in jury awards
Changes in the propensity to sue, in general and with specificity to particular
issues
Changes in statutes of limitations
Changes in the underlying court system
Distortions from losses resulting from large single accounts or single issues
Changes in tort law
Shifts in law suit mix between federal and state courts
Changes in claim office structure (causing distortions in the data)
Changes in settlement patterns
Book of business risk factors
- -----------------------------
Changes in policy provisions (e.g., deductibles, policy limits, endorsements)
Changes in underwriting standards
Product mix (e.g., size of account, industries insured, jurisdiction mix)
o COMMERCIAL UMBRELLA
Commercial umbrella is considered a long-tail line as it takes a relatively long
period of time to finalize and settle claims from a given accident year. This
line has many of the same characteristics and risk factors as the general
liability line described above. Additional risk factors for this line are the
attachment point and limit provided. The attachment point is generally at least
$1.0, and sometimes in excess of $25.0, resulting in a greater reporting lag
(and thus more variability) than that of general liability. The limit provided
by commercial umbrella varies from $1.0 up to $25.0. The higher limit policies
create more variability in loss reserve estimates than general liability
policies. Reinsurance is purchased to mitigate this additional uncertainty.
o COMMERCIAL MULTI-PERIL
Commercial multi-peril provides a combination of property and liability coverage
and therefore includes both short and long-tail coverages. For property
coverage, it generally takes a relatively short period of time to close claims,
while for the liability coverages it takes a longer period of time to close
claims. The reserving risk for this line is dominated by the liability coverage
portion of this product, and has risk factors similar to general liability
described above.
o COMMERCIAL AUTOMOBILE
The commercial automobile product line is a mix of property and liability
coverages and, therefore, includes both short and long-tail coverages. The
payments that are made quickly typically pertain to auto physical damage
(property) claims and property damage (liability) claims. The payments that take
longer to finalize and are more difficult to estimate relate to bodily injury
claims. In general, claim reporting lags are minor, claim complexity is not a
major issue and the line is viewed as high frequency, low to moderate severity.
Overall, the claim liabilities for this line create a moderate estimation risk.
Commercial automobile reserves are typically analyzed in three components;
bodily injury liability, property damage liability and physical damage claims.
These last two components have minimal loss reserve risk and fast payouts and,
accordingly, separate risk factors are not presented.
Examples of loss and LAE risk factors that can change and, thus, affect the
required commercial automobile loss reserves include, but are not limited to,
the following:
51
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
Claims risk factors
- -------------------
Trends in jury awards
Changes in the underlying court system
Changes in case law
Litigation trends
Frequency of claims with payment capped by policy limits
Change in average severity of accidents, or proportion of severe accidents
Subrogation opportunities
Changes in claim handling procedures
Frequency of visits to health providers
Number of medical procedures given during visits to health providers
Types of health providers used
Types of medical treatments received
Changes in cost of medical treatments
Degree of patient responsiveness to treatment
Book of business risk factors
- -----------------------------
Changes in policy provisions (e.g., deductibles, policy limits, endorsements,
etc.)
Changes in mix of insured vehicles
Changes in underwriting standards
o PERSONAL AUTOMOBILE
The personal automobile product line has risk factors comparable to the
commercial automobile product line described above. In addition, this line is
subject to risk related to the effectiveness of the no-fault laws that exist in
some states.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
For disclosure related to recently issued accounting standards, refer to Item
15, Note 19, Recently Issued Accounting Standards, in the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements, on page 84 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
CASH FLOW
Net cash generated from operations was $267.9 in 2005 compared with $270.6 and
$168.7 in 2004 and 2003, respectively. Cash generated from operations was
essentially flat compared to 2004 as a result of a continued decline in paid
losses and LAE of $50.3 in 2005, a result of improved loss experience, and $4.9
received from the settlement of IRS examinations which contributed to the
improved profitability of the Corporation. See below for additional information
on this settlement. The impact of these items were offset by a decline in net
premiums written in 2005 and a decrease in reinsurance treaty funds held of
$44.6. The decrease in the reinsurance treaty funds held is related to
withdrawals to pay claims qualified under this contract of reinsurance, which
was terminated on December 31, 2004 and is in run-off. These withdrawals reduced
the reinsurance treaty funds held obligation and reduced net cash flow from
operating activities. In 2004 and 2003 the Group made deposits of premium into
the reinsurance treaty fund in excess of withdrawals, therefore increasing this
obligation and net cash flow from operating activities. The increase in net cash
for the year 2004 compared to 2003 is due primarily to a reduction in paid
losses and LAE of $98.0 in 2004, as a result of improved loss experience. The
reinsurance recoverable asset at December 31, 2005 and 2004, increased $75.3 and
$73.8 with $115.7 and $73.6 due to increases in loss and LAE reserves for future
loss payments expected to be paid by reinsurers, offset by a decrease in ceded
unearned premium of $31.6 in 2005 along with other components as shown in Item
15, Note 6, Reinsurance, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, on
page 77 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Investing activities used net cash of $267.5 in 2005, compared to $274.4 in 2004
and $175.6 in 2003. Cash used in investing activities during 2005 and 2004 were
essentially flat year to year and consistent with the cash generated from
operations. Cash used in investing activities increased $98.8 in 2004 when
compared with 2003 due to the reinvestment of the cash generated from
operations, which increased over $100.0 in 2004.
52
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
Total cash used in financing activities was $198.5 in 2005, compared to cash
generated of $199.5 in 2004 and $1.6 in 2003. The primary uses of cash in
financing activities in 2005 related to the repurchase or redemption of the
Convertible Notes, reinstatement of the dividend to shareholders and the
repurchase of the Corporation's common stock pursuant to the authorized share
repurchase program. These uses were partially offset by cash received from the
exercise of stock options. Cash provided by financing activities in 2004
resulted from net proceeds of approximately $198.0 from the issuance of 7.3%
Senior Notes in June 2004, in addition to the exercise of stock options,
partially offset by the repurchase of $12.5 of the Corporation's Convertible
Notes.
Overall, total cash used in 2005 was $198.1, compared with cash generated of
$195.7 in 2004 and net cash used of $5.3 in 2003. During 2005, the Corporation
reinstated the shareholder dividend and the Board of Directors approved a share
repurchase program. For additional information regarding the shareholder
dividend and the share repurchase program see Part II, Item 5 - Market for
Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of
Equity Securities on pages 26 and 27 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Corporation is dependent on dividend payments from its insurance
subsidiaries in order to meet operating expenses and debt obligations. Insurance
regulatory authorities impose various restrictions and prior approval
requirements on the payment of dividends by insurance companies. As of December
31, 2005, approximately $415.0 of statutory surplus was not subject to prior
dividend approval requirements. Additional restrictions may result from the
minimum risk-based capital requirements in the revolving credit agreement as
disclosed in Item 15, Note 15, Debt, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements, on pages 82 and 83 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
During 2005, the Consolidated Corporation finalized negotiations with the IRS
regarding its examination of the Consolidated Corporation's tax years 1997
through 2001. On August 25, 2005, the IRS issued notification to the
Consolidated Corporation that a settlement concerning its examination of these
tax years was approved. This settlement resulted in a $2.7 net tax benefit
related to realized capital gains and interest income, before tax, of $0.9. In
conjunction with the IRS settlement, the Consolidated Corporation reversed $9.1
($8.0 related to realized capital gains and $1.1 related to operations) of book
tax reserves. Additionally, on September 28, 2005, the IRS advised the
Consolidated Corporation that it accepted a protective claim for refund for the
1996 tax year related to adjustments resulting from the 2003 settlement of the
IRS examination of the 1995 tax year. The acceptance of this protective refund
claim resulted in a $3.4 net tax benefit related to operations and interest
income, before tax, of $1.6. See Item 15, Note 3 - Income Taxes in the Notes to
the Consolidated Financial Statements on page 72 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, the Corporation did not have any off-balance
sheet arrangements as defined by Financial Release - 67, "Disclosure in
Management's Discussion and Analysis about Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and
Aggregate Contractual Obligations."
The following table presents the Consolidated Corporation's obligations to make
future payments under contractual obligations as of December 31, 2005:
53
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
Payments (including interest) Due by Period
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Less than Years Years More than 5
Contractual Obligations Total 1 year 2-3 4-5 years
- ----------------------- -------- --------- -------- ------- -----------
Losses and benefits for policyholders* $2,946.8 $ 742.6 $ 919.4 $ 453.8 $ 831.0
Long-term debt** 326.9 15.3 30.7 29.8 251.1
Operating leases 15.0 5.4 6.6 2.9 0.1
Purchase obligations 24.8 12.6 11.9 0.3 -
Other long-term liabilities*** 118.7 98.3 17.7 2.2 0.5
-------- --------- -------- ------- -----------
Total contractual cash obligations $3,432.2 $ 874.2 $ 986.3 $ 489.0 $ 1,082.7
======== ========= ======== ======= ===========
- ---------------
* The amounts presented are estimates of the dollar amounts and time periods in
which the Group expects to pay its gross loss and LAE reserves. These amounts
are based upon historical payment patterns and do not represent actual
contractual obligations. The actual payment amounts and the related timing of
those payments could differ significantly from these estimates. See Item 15,
Note 8, Loss and Loss Reserves, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements, on page 79 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and discussed
separately above.
**For additional disclosure, see Item 15, Note 15, Debt, in the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements, on pages 82 and 83 of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
***Excluded from other long-term liabilities are pension obligations which are
described in Item 15, Note 4, Employee Benefit Plans, in the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements, on pages 72-75 of this Annual Report on Form
10-K and disclosed separately above.
In December 2003, the SFAS issued a revised Interpretation No. 46,
"Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" (FIN 46), an interpretation of
Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51. FIN 46 requires a variable interest entity
(VIE) to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity if certain
criteria are met. The Consolidated Corporation currently holds an equity
investment, representing a 49% interest, in APM Spring Grove, Inc. (APM), which
was deemed a variable interest entity in accordance with FIN 46. As a result,
the entity was consolidated into the Consolidated Corporation's financial
statements during the first quarter of 2004, which resulted in a $1.6 loss, net
of tax, due to a cumulative effect of an accounting change. The Consolidated
Corporation's maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with APM
is $2.6. See Item 15, Note 17, Variable Interest Entity, in the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements, on page 84 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
for further discussion.
DEBT
During 2005, the Corporation successfully completed the redemption or conversion
of its Convertible Notes with minimal dilution to earnings or book value per
share.
On February 16, 2006, the Corporation entered into a new revolving credit
agreement with an expiration date of March 16, 2011. Under the terms of this new
revolving credit agreement, the lenders agreed to make loans to the Corporation
in an initial aggregate amount of up to $125.0 for general credit purposes.
For additional discussion regarding debt of the Consolidated Corporation, please
refer to Item 15, Note 15, Debt, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements, on pages 82 and 83 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
RATING AGENCIES
Regularly the financial condition of the Consolidated Corporation and the Group
is reviewed by four independent rating agencies, A. M. Best, Fitch, Moody's and
S&P. These agencies assign ratings and rating outlooks reflecting the agencies'
opinions of the Group's financial strength and the ability of the Corporation to
meet its financial obligations to its debt security holders. Following are the
Consolidated Corporation's current ratings and rating outlooks.
A.M. Best Fitch Moody's S&P
--------- -------- ------- --------
Financial strength rating A- A- A3 BBB+
Senior unsecured debt rating bbb- BBB- Baa3 BB+
Rating outlook Stable Positive Stable Positive
STATUTORY SURPLUS
Statutory surplus, a traditional insurance industry measure of financial
strength and underwriting capacity, was $1,004.5 at December 31, 2005, compared
with $972.0 at December 31, 2004. Statutory surplus increased 3.3% from 2004
resulting primarily from statutory net income of the Group offset by the payment
of $138.3 of dividends to the Corporation.
54
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
The ratio of net premiums written to statutory surplus is one of the measures
used by insurance regulators to gauge the financial strength of an insurance
company and indicates the ability of the Group to grow by writing additional
business. At December 31, 2005, the Group's net premiums written to surplus
ratio was 1.4 to 1 compared to 1.5 to 1 in 2004.
The NAIC has developed a "Risk-Based Capital" formula for property and casualty
and life insurers. The formula is intended to measure the adequacy of an
insurer's capital given the asset and liability structure and product mix of the
company. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, all insurance companies in the Group
exceeded the necessary capital requirements.
REINSURANCE PROGRAMS
The Group maintains several programs that provide reinsurance coverage which is
intended to mitigate the impact of larger losses and catastrophic events. The
Group's 2005 property per risk program covers property losses in excess of $2.0
for each and every risk with a limit of $13.0.
The Group's casualty exposures are reinsured through several contracts. The
Casualty Excess of Loss contract retention is $2.0 with limits of $4.0 per
occurrence. This contract covers liability exposures for Workers' Compensation,
General Liability, Personal Umbrella and Commercial and Personal Automobile
Liability. The 1st and 2nd Contingency Excess of Loss contracts cover all
casualty lines with retention of $6.0 and limit of $18.0. Commercial Umbrella
exposures are reinsured by the 1st and 2nd Cessions Excess of Loss contracts.
These contracts provide retention of $2.0 and limit of $23.0 per occurrence.
Workers' Compensation Catastrophe exposures are reinsured with the 1st and 2nd
Workers' Compensation Catastrophe Excess of Loss contracts with retention of
$12.0 and limits of $36.0 per occurrence.
The property catastrophe reinsurance program protects the Group against an
accumulation of losses arising from a catastrophe. The 2005 program provides
$100.0 of coverage in excess of the Group's $25.0 retention. Over the last 20
years, only two events triggered coverage under the catastrophe reinsurance
program. Both of these losses exceeded the prior retention amount of $13.0,
resulting in significant recoveries from reinsurers. Reinsurance limits are
purchased to cover exposure to catastrophic events having the probability of
occurring approximately every 250 years.
GAI agreed to maintain reinsurance on the commercial lines business that the
Group acquired from GAI and its affiliates in 1998 for loss dates prior to
December 1, 1998. GAI is obligated to reimburse the Group if GAI's reinsurers
are unable to pay claims with respect to the acquired commercial lines business.
Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Group of their obligations to
policyholders. The collectibility of reinsurance depends on the solvency of the
reinsurers at the time any claims are presented. The Group monitors each
reinsurer's financial health and claims settlement performance because
reinsurance protection is an important component of the Consolidated
Corporation's financial plan. Each year, the Group reviews financial statements
and calculates various ratios used to identify reinsurers who no longer meet
appropriate standards of financial strength. Reinsurers who fail to meet these
tests are reviewed and those that are determined by the Group to have
insufficient financial strength are removed from the program at renewal.
Additionally, a large base of reinsurers is utilized to mitigate concentration
of risk. The Group also records an estimated allowance for uncollectible
reinsurance amounts as deemed necessary. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, no
reinsurer accounted for more than 15 percent of the reinsurance recoverable
amount. As a result of these measures, amounts of uncollectible reinsurance have
not been significant. For more discussion on the reinsurance recoverable asset,
see Item 15, Note 6, Reinsurance, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements, on page 77 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Effective January 1, 2006, the Group renewed the vast majority of its
reinsurance program, with no significant changes in terms and conditions or
reinsurers and with a less than 2.0% increase in the total cost of the program.
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
The following table sets forth the distribution and other data of invested
assets for the years ended December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004.
55
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
December 31, 2005 December 31, 2004
------------------------------- --------------------------------
Average Amortized Carrying % of Amortized Carrying % of
Rating Cost Value Total Cost Value Total
------- --------- -------- ------ --------- -------- -----
U.S GOVERNMENT:
Available-for-sale AAA $ 25.8 $ 25.9 0.6 $ 31.9 $ 33.4 0.8
STATES, MUNICIPALITIES, AND POLITICAL
SUBDIVISIONS:
Investment grade:
Available-for-sale AAA 1,269.7 1,277.4 30.2 1,018.4 1,034.6 24.3
CORPORATE SECURITIES:
Investment grade:
Available-for-sale A 1,489.0 1,552.4 36.8 1,562.8 1,686.4 39.6
Held-to-maturity A+ 160.1 160.1 3.8 164.7 164.7 3.9
Below Investment grade:
Available-for-sale 65.5 68.5 1.6 51.6 58.4 1.4
--------- -------- ------ --------- -------- -----
Total corporate securities 1,714.6 1,781.0 42.2 1,779.1 1,909.5 44.9
--------- -------- ------ --------- -------- -----
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES:
Investment grade:
Available-for-sale AAA 601.6 601.6 14.3 505.2 524.7 12.3
Held-to-maturity AAA 104.3 104.3 2.5 136.7 136.7 3.2
Below Investment grade:
Available-for-sale BB+ 1.9 1.9 - 6.9 8.6 0.2
--------- -------- ------ --------- -------- -----
Total mortgage-backed securities 707.8 707.8 16.8 648.8 670.0 15.7
--------- -------- ------ --------- -------- -----
Total fixed income securities 3,717.9 3,792.1 89.8 3,478.2 3,647.5 85.7
Equity securities* 144.2 375.1 8.9 98.9 357.4 8.4
Cash and cash equivalents 54.5 54.5 1.3 253.4 252.6 5.9
--------- -------- ------ --------- -------- -----
Total investment portfolio,
cash and cash equivalents $ 3,916.6 $4,221.7 100.0 $ 3,830.5 $4,257.5 100.0
========= ======== ====== ========= ======== =====
- ----------------
*Included in equity securities as of December 31, 2005 are common stock with a
cost of $97.3 and carrying value of $327.9 and preferred stock with a cost of
$46.9 and carrying value of $47.2. Included in equity securities as of December
31, 2004 are common stock with a cost of $91.6 and carrying value of $350.2 and
preferred stock with a cost of $7.3 and carrying value of $7.2.
The fixed income portfolio is allocated between investment grade and below
investment grade as follows:
December 31, 2005 December 31, 2004
----------------- -----------------
Amortized Carrying % of Amortized Carrying % of
Cost Value Fixed Cost Value Fixed
--------- -------- ----- --------- -------- ------
Total investment grade $ 3,650.5 $3,721.7 98.1 $ 3,419.7 $3,580.5 98.2
Total below investment grade 67.4 70.4 1.9 58.5 67.0 1.8
The fixed income portfolio is allocated between available-for-sale and
held-to-maturity as follows:
Total available-for-sale fixed
income securities $ 3,453.5 $3,527.7 93.0 $ 3,176.8 $3,346.1 91.7
Total held-to-maturity fixed
income securities 264.4 264.4 7.0 301.4 301.4 8.3
The excess of market value over cost at December 31, 2005 was $305.1 compared
with $427.0 at December 31, 2004. The decrease in unrealized gains for 2005 was
attributable to declining market values of fixed income securities as a result
of rising interest rates, and the sale of certain equity securities, which had
appreciated in value, and had become a significant percentage of the
Consolidated Corporation's total common stock portfolio.
During 2004, the Consolidated Corporation, as a result of improved
profitability, revised its investment strategy to increase its investment into
tax-exempt securities.
The consolidated fixed income portfolio, which for this purpose includes cash
equivalents, has an intermediate duration and a laddered maturity structure. The
duration of the fixed income portfolio was approximately 5.2 and 5.1 years as of
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The Consolidated Corporation remains
fully invested and does not time markets.
56
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
Fixed income securities are classified as investment grade or non-investment
grade based upon the higher of the ratings provided by S&P and Moody's. When a
security is not rated by either S&P or Moody's, the classification is based on
other rating services, including the Securities Valuation Office of the NAIC.
The market value of available-for-sale split-rated fixed income securities
(i.e., those having an investment grade rating from one rating agency and a
below investment grade rating from another rating agency) was $35.2 and $31.5 at
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Investments in below investment grade securities have greater risks than
investments in investment grade securities. The risk of default by borrowers
that issue below investment grade securities is significantly greater because
these borrowers are often highly leveraged and more sensitive to adverse
economic conditions, including a recession or a sharp increase in interest
rates. Additionally, investments in below investment grade securities are
generally unsecured and subordinate to other debt. Investment grade securities
are also subject to significant risks, including additional leveraging, changes
in control of the issuer or worse than previously expected operating results. In
most instances, investors are unprotected with respect to these risks, the
negative effects of which can be substantial.
Following is a table displaying available-for-sale non-investment grade and
non-rated securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2005 and
December 31, 2004, respectively:
Amortized Fair Unrealized
Cost Value Loss
--------- ----- ----------
2005 $ 13.6 $13.2 $ (0.4)
2004 1.5 1.4 (0.1)
The majority of mortgage-backed security holdings included in the fixed income
portfolio are in sequential structures, planned amortization class and agency
pass-through securities.
Equity securities are carried at fair market value on the consolidated balance
sheets. As a result, shareholders' equity and statutory surplus fluctuate with
changes in the value of the equity portfolio. As of December 31, 2005, the
equity portfolio consisted of stocks in a total of 60 separate entities covering
all ten major S&P industry sectors. Of this total, 24.2% was invested in five
companies and the largest single position was 5.4% of the equity portfolio. At
December 31, 2004, the equity portfolio consisted of stocks in 50 separate
entities in nine S&P industry sectors. Of this total, 31.2% was invested in five
companies and the largest single position was 7.3% of the equity portfolio.
The investment portfolio also includes non-publicly traded securities such as
private placements, non-exchange traded equities and limited partnerships which
are carried at fair value. Fair values are based on valuations from pricing
services, brokers and other methods as determined by management to provide the
most accurate price. The carrying value of this portfolio at December 31, 2005,
was $320.3 compared to $310.8 at December 31, 2004.
The Consolidated Corporation uses assumptions and estimates when valuing certain
investments and related income. These assumptions include estimations of cash
flows and interest rates. Although the Consolidated Corporation believes the
values of its investments represent fair value, certain estimates could change
and lead to changes in fair values due to the inherent uncertainties and
judgments involved with accounting measurements.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Ohio Casualty Corporation publishes forward-looking statements relating to such
matters as anticipated financial performance, business prospects and plans,
regulatory developments and similar matters. The statements contained in this
MD&A that are not historical information, are forward-looking statements. The
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor under
the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for
forward-looking statements. The operations, performance and development of the
Consolidated Corporation's business are subject to risks and uncertainties,
which may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in or
supported by the forward-looking statements in this report. The risks and
uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, development and
results of the Consolidated Corporation's business include the following:
changes in property and casualty reserves;
57
ITEM 7. CONTINUED
catastrophe losses; premium and investment growth; product pricing environment;
availability of credit; changes in government regulation; performance of
financial markets; fluctuations in interest rates; availability and pricing of
reinsurance; litigation and administrative proceedings; rating agency actions;
acts of war and terrorist activities; ability to appoint and/or retain agents;
ability to achieve targeted expense savings; ability to achieve premium targets
and profitability goals; and general economic and market conditions.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
MARKET RISK DISCLOSURES FOR FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Market risk is the risk of loss resulting from adverse changes in interest
rates. In addition to market risk, the Consolidated Corporation is exposed to
other risks such as equity price risk, credit, reinvestment and liquidity risk.
Credit risk refers to the financial risk that an obligation will not be paid and
a loss will result. Reinvestment risk is the risk that interest rates will fall
causing the reinvestment of interim cash flows to earn less than the original
investment. Liquidity risk describes the ease with which an investment can be
sold without substantially affecting the asset's price. The sensitivity analysis
below summarizes only the exposure to market risk and equity price risk.
The Consolidated Corporation strives to produce competitive returns by investing
in a diversified portfolio of securities issued by high-quality companies.
Market Risk - The Consolidated Corporation has exposure to losses resulting from
potential volatility in interest rates. The Consolidated Corporation attempts to
mitigate the exposure to interest rate risk through active portfolio management,
periodic reviews of asset and liability positions and through maintaining a
laddered fixed income portfolio with an intermediate duration. Estimates of cash
flows and the impact of interest rate fluctuations relating to the fixed income
investment portfolio are modeled quarterly and reviewed regularly.
Equity Price Risk - Equity price risk can be separated into two elements. The
first, systematic risk, is the portion of a portfolio or individual security's
price movement attributed to stock market movement as a whole. The second
element, nonsystematic risk, is the portion of price movement unique to the
individual portfolio or security. This risk can be further divided between
characteristics of the industry and of the individual issuer. The Consolidated
Corporation attempted to manage nonsystematic risk by maintaining a portfolio
that is diversified across industries and companies.
The following tables illustrate the hypothetical effect of an increase in
interest rates of 100 basis points (1%) and a 10% decrease in equity values at
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The changes selected above reflect
management's view of shifts in rates and values that are quite possible over a
one-year period. These rates should not be considered a prediction of future
events.
Interest rates may, in fact, be much more volatile in the future. This analysis
is not intended to provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in
interest rates and equity prices on income, cash flow or shareholders' equity.
In addition, the analysis does not take into account any actions that may be
taken to reduce the exposure in response to market fluctuations.
Estimated Adjusted Market Value
December 31, 2005 Fair Value as indicated above
- ----------------------------- ---------- ---------------------
Interest Rate Risk:
Fixed maturities $ 3,788.2 $ 3,591.2
Cash and cash equivalents 54.5 54.5
Equity Price Risk:
Equity securities 375.1 337.6
---------- ----------
Totals $ 4,217.8 $ 3,983.3
========== ==========
58
ITEM 7A. CONTINUED
December 31, 2004
- -----------------------------
Interest Rate Risk:
Fixed maturities $ 3,649.2 $ 3,463.1
Cash and cash equivalents 252.6 252.6
Equity Price Risk:
Equity securities 357.4 321.7
---------- ----------
Totals $ 4,259.2 $ 4,037.4
========== ==========
Certain assumptions are inherent in the above analysis. An instantaneous and
parallel shift in interest rates and a simultaneous decline of 10% in equity
prices at December 31, 2005 and 2004, are assumed. Also, it is assumed that the
change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across all financial
instruments. The adjusted market values are estimated using discounted cash flow
analysis and duration modeling.
ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
See Item 15 for Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, including the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements and the Report of Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm, and Schedules beginning on page 62 of this Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Consolidated Corporation's management, with the participation of
the Consolidated Corporation's Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer has evaluated the effectiveness of the
Consolidated Corporation's disclosure controls and procedures, as
defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Based upon that evaluation, the Consolidated Corporation's Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these
controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2005.
(b & c) Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The management of the Consolidated Corporation is responsible for
establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting. The Consolidated Corporation's internal control
system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the
Consolidated Corporation's management and Board of Directors
regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published
financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have
inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be
effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to
financial statement preparation and presentation.
The Consolidated Corporation's management assessed the effectiveness
of the Consolidated Corporation's internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2005. In making this assessment, it
used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal
Control-Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment, we believe
that, as of December 31, 2005, the Consolidated Corporation's
internal control over financial reporting is effective based on
those criteria.
The Consolidated Corporation's independent registered public
accounting firm has issued an audit report on our assessment of the
Consolidated Corporation's internal control over financial
reporting. This report appears on page 86 of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
59
ITEM 9A. CONTINUED
(d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no significant changes in internal control over
financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2005,
that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, the Consolidated Corporation's internal control
over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Incorporated by reference herein from those portions of the Corporation's Proxy
Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation for 2006
under the headings "Election of Directors," "Other Matters," "Meetings of the
Board of Directors and Committees of the Board," "Shareholder Proposals and
Nominations" and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance."
Additionally, incorporated by reference is the "Code of Ethics for Senior
Financial Officers" disclosed on the Corporation's website at www.ocas.com.
------------
The following table provides information for executive officers of the
Corporation who are not separately reported in the Corporation's Proxy
Statement:
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Position with Corporation and/or
Principal Occupation or Employment
Name Age During Last Five Years
- ----------------- --- ----------------------------------
Keith A. Cheesman 47 Vice President and Controller of the Corporation's insurance
subsidiaries since September 2004. Prior to that, Mr. Cheesman served
as Director of Administration for Kendle International, Inc. from
November 2000 to August 2004.
Lynn C. Schoel 36 Senior Vice President of Human Resources of the Corporation's
insurance subsidiaries since May 2005. Mrs. Schoel served as
Assistant Vice President of Compensation of the Corporation's
insurance subsidiaries from 1999 until her current appointment as
Senior Vice President of Human Resources.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Incorporated by reference herein from those portions of the Corporation's Proxy
Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation for 2006
under the headings "Executive Compensation," "Employment and Separation
Agreements," "Change in Control Agreements," "Pension Plans," "Report of the
Executive Compensation Committee," and "Report of the Audit Committee."
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Incorporated by reference herein from those portions of the Corporation's Proxy
Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation for 2006
under the headings "Principal Shareholders," and "Shareholdings of Directors,
Executive Officers and Nominees for Election as Director," and "Equity
Compensation Plans."
60
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Incorporated by reference herein from these portions of the Corporation's Proxy
Statement from the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation for 2006
under the heading "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Incorporated by reference herein from those portions of the Corporation's Proxy
Statement from the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Corporation for 2006
under the heading "Principal Accountant Fees" and "Policies and Procedures
Regarding Pre-Approval of Accountant Fees."
61
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES REQUIRED TO BE
FILED BY ITEM 8 OF THIS FORM AND REGULATION S-X
Page Number
in this Report
--------------
(1) The following financial statements are included herein:
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2005 and 2004 63
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 64
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 65
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 66
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 67-84
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 85-86
(2) The following financial statement schedules are included herein:
Schedule I - Consolidated Summary of Investments Other
than Investments in Related Parties at December 31, 2005 88
Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 89
Schedule III - Consolidated Supplementary Insurance
Information for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 90-92
Schedule IV - Consolidated Reinsurance for the years ended
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 93
Schedule V - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years
ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 94
Schedule VI - Consolidated Supplemental Information
Concerning Property and Casualty Insurance Operations for
the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003 95
(b) EXHIBITS.
See Index to Exhibits on pages 96 and 97 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
62
ITEM 15. CONTINUED
OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION & SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) 2005 2004
- -------------------------------------------- --------- ---------
ASSETS
Investments:
Fixed income securities:
Available for sale, at fair value
(amortized cost: $3,453.5 and $3,176.8) $ 3,527.7 $ 3,346.1
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost
(fair value: $260.5 and $303.1) 264.4 301.4
Equity securities, at fair value
(cost: $144.2 and $98.9) 375.1 357.4
--------- ---------
Total investments 4,167.2 4,004.9
Cash and cash equivalents 54.5 252.6
Premiums and other receivables, net of allowance 309.2 350.8
Deferred policy acquisition costs 153.7 159.8
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation 80.1 82.9
Reinsurance recoverable, net of allowance 741.8 666.5
Agent relationships, net of accumulated amortization 109.7 122.0
Interest and dividends due or accrued 55.0 49.9
Deferred tax asset, net 14.8 -
Other assets 77.1 25.6
--------- ---------
Total assets $ 5,763.1 $ 5,715.0
========= =========
LIABILITIES
Insurance reserves:
Losses $ 2,435.0 $ 2,269.6
Loss adjustment expenses 511.8 486.8
Unearned premiums 679.6 715.5
Debt 200.4 383.3
Reinsurance treaty funds held 150.4 195.0
Deferred tax liability, net - 21.9
Other liabilities 359.5 348.0
--------- ---------
Total liabilities 4,336.7 4,420.1
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, $.125 par value
Authorized shares: 150,000,000
Issued shares: 72,418,344 and 72,418,344 9.0 9.0
Additional paid-in capital 18.8 -
Accumulated other comprehensive income 178.0 259.1
Retained earnings 1,360.6 1,161.5
Treasury stock, at cost:
(Shares: 9,137,208 and 10,209,215) (140.0) (134.7)
--------- ---------
Total shareholders' equity 1,426.4 1,294.9
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 5,763.1 $ 5,715.0
========= =========
See notes to consolidated financial statements
63
ITEM 15. CONTINUED
OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION & SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS,
EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) 2005 2004 2003
- ----------------------------------- ------------ ------------- -------------
Premiums and finance charges earned $ 1,453.6 $ 1,446.6 $ 1,424.4
Investment income, less expenses 201.4 201.2 208.7
Investment gains realized, net 47.4 23.0 35.9
------------ ------------- -------------
Total revenues 1,702.4 1,670.8 1,669.0
Losses and benefits for policyholders 752.3 777.6 852.5
Loss adjustment expenses 155.0 158.7 174.9
General operating expenses 475.2 503.7 488.7
Write-down and amortization of agent relationships 12.3 20.6 18.7
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs 338.3 365.2 384.0
Deferral of policy acquisition costs (332.2) (355.7) (372.0)
Depreciation and amortization expense 11.8 13.2 14.6
Loss on retirement of convertible debt, including
debt conversion expenses 9.0 1.0 -
------------ ------------- -------------
Total expenses 1,421.7 1,484.3 1,561.4
------------ ------------- -------------
Income before income taxes and cumulative
effect of an accounting change 280.7 186.5 107.6
Income tax expense:
Current 61.3 50.0 21.2
Deferred 6.7 6.5 10.6
------------ ------------- -------------
Total income tax expense 68.0 56.5 31.8
------------ ------------- -------------
Income before cumulative effect of an accounting change 212.7 130.0 75.8
Cumulative effect of an accounting change, net of tax - (1.6) -
------------ ------------- -------------
Net income $ 212.7 $ 128.4 $ 75.8
============ ============= =============
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic 63,450,123 61,509,128 60,848,718
============ ============= =============
Earnings per share - basic
Net income, per share $ 3.35 $ 2.09 $ 1.25
============ ============= =============
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted 67,194,425 71,508,519 70,224,196
============ ============= =============
Earnings per share - diluted
Net income, per share $ 3.19 $ 1.89 $ 1.18
============ ============= =============
See notes to consolidated financial statements
64
ITEM 15. CONTINUED
OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION & SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
COMMON ACCUMULATED
ADDITIONAL STOCK OTHER TOTAL
(IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT SHARE COMMON PAID-IN PURCHASE COMPREHENSIVE RETAINED TREASURY SHAREHOLDERS'
AND PER SHARE DATA) STOCK CAPITAL WARRANTS INCOME EARNINGS STOCK EQUITY
- -------------------------- ------- ---------- -------- ------------- -------- -------- -------------
Balance,
January 1, 2003 $ 9.0 $ - $ 21.1 $ 246.2 $ 936.7 $ (154.3) $ 1,058.7
Net income 75.8 75.8
Change in unrealized gain,
net of deferred income tax
expense of $14.8 27.4 27.4
Change in minimum pension
liability, net of deferred income
tax benefit of $10.2 (18.9) (18.9)
-------------
Comprehensive income 84.3
Expiration of warrants (21.1) 21.1 -
Net issuance of restricted stock
(11,000 shares) 0.1 0.1
Net issuance of treasury
stock (220,675 shares) (0.2) 2.9 2.7
------- ---------- -------- ------------- -------- -------- -------------
Balance,
December 31, 2003 $ 9.0 $ - $ - $ 254.7 $1,033.4 $ (151.3) $ 1,145.8
Net income 128.4 128.4
Change in unrealized gain,
net of deferred income tax
expense of $2.0 2.9 2.9
Change in minimum pension
liability, net of deferred
income tax expense of $0.8 1.5 1.5
-------------
Comprehensive income 132.8
Net issuance of restricted stock
(55,284 shares) (0.5) 0.7 0.2
Net issuance of treasury
stock (1,196,802 shares) 0.2 15.9 16.1
------- ---------- -------- ------------- -------- -------- -------------
Balance,
December 31, 2004 $ 9.0 $ - $ - $ 259.1 $1,161.5 $ (134.7) $ 1,294.9
Net income 212.7 212.7
Change in unrealized gain,
net of deferred income tax
benefit of $43.7 (80.9) (80.9)
Change in minimum pension
liability, net of deferred income
tax benefit of $0.1 (0.2) (0.2)
-------------
Comprehensive income 131.6
Net issuance of restricted stock
(101,828 shares) 1.3 1.5 2.8
Unearned stock compensation (2.1) (2.1)
Net issuance of treasury
stock (1,180,699 shares) 6.3 15.4 21.7
Repurchase of treasury stock
(1,516,105 shares) (39.5) (39.5)
Cash dividends paid
($0.18 per share) (11.5) (11.5)
Issuance of common stock
pursuant to Convertible Note
Transaction (See Note 15) 11.2 17.3 28.5
------- ---------- -------- ------------- -------- -------- -------------
Balance,
December 31, 2005 $ 9.0 $ 18.8 $ - $ 178.0 $1,360.6 $ (140.0) $ 1,426.4
======= ========== ======== ============= ======== ======== =============
See notes to consolidated financial statements
65
ITEM 15. CONTINUED
OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION & SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 (IN MILLIONS) 2005 2004 2003
- ------------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income $ 212.7 $ 128.4 $ 75.8
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operations:
Changes in:
Insurance reserves 154.5 141.1 228.4
Reinsurance treaty funds held (44.6) 44.5 21.1
Income taxes 14.3 12.0 11.5
Premiums and other receivables 41.6 (2.9) (23.2)
Deferred policy acquisition costs 6.1 9.5 12.0
Reinsurance recoverable (75.3) (73.8) (172.8)
Other assets (29.5) (13.5) 0.5
Other liabilities (4.2) 13.5 18.0
Loss on retirement of convertible debt, including
debt conversion expenses 9.0 1.0 -
Income tax benefit from stock option exercises 4.1 - -
Stock-based compensation expense 2.5 - -
Amortization and write-down of agent relationships 12.3 20.6 18.7
Depreciation and amortization 11.8 13.2 14.6
Investment gains realized, net (47.4) (23.0) (35.9)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash provided by operating activities 267.9 270.6 168.7
---------- ---------- ----------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of securities:
Fixed income, available-for-sale (1,521.9) (1,702.3) (1,207.9)
Fixed income, held-to-maturity (0.9) (1.9) (7.7)
Equity (57.5) (43.3) (6.1)
Proceeds from sales of securities:
Fixed income, available-for-sale 1,112.6 1,262.5 883.5
Equity 51.7 56.8 39.8
Proceeds from maturities and calls of securities:
Fixed income, available-for-sale 121.4 103.6 95.5
Fixed income, held-to-maturity 35.9 53.3 17.4
Equity - 3.4 13.7
Property and equipment:
Purchases (10.7) (8.3) (9.9)
Sales 1.9 1.8 6.1
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash used in investing activities (267.5) (274.4) (175.6)
---------- ---------- ----------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Debt:
Repayments (160.3) (13.0) (0.6)
Proceeds from the issuance of senior notes - 199.3 -
Payment of issuance costs - (1.3) -
Loss on retirement of convertible debt,
including conversion expense (3.6) (0.6) -
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and stock purchase plan 15.8 15.1 2.2
Repurchase of treasury stock (38.9) - -
Dividends paid to shareholders (11.5) - -
---------- ---------- ----------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (198.5) 199.5 1.6
---------- ---------- ----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (198.1) 195.7 (5.3)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 252.6 56.9 62.2
---------- ---------- ----------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 54.5 $ 252.6 $ 56.9
========== ========== ==========
Additional disclosures:
Interest and related fees paid $ 19.7 $ 17.0 $ 10.3
Income taxes paid, net of refunds 49.0 44.5 4.4
See notes to consolidated financial statements
66
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(All dollars in millions, except share and per share data, unless otherwise
stated)
NOTE 1 -- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A. NATURE OF BUSINESS
Ohio Casualty Corporation (the Corporation) is the holding company of The Ohio
Casualty Insurance Company (the Company), which is one of six property-casualty
insurance companies that make up Ohio Casualty Group (the Group), collectively
the "Consolidated Corporation." The primary products sold consist of insurance
for personal auto, homeowners, commercial property, commercial auto, workers'
compensation and other miscellaneous lines. The Group operates through the
independent agency system in over 40 states, with 29.7% of its 2005 net premiums
written generated in the states of New Jersey (11.6%), Pennsylvania (9.4%) and
Kentucky (8.7%).
B. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and include the
accounts of Ohio Casualty Corporation and its subsidiaries (The Ohio Casualty
Insurance Company, West American Insurance Company, Ohio Security Insurance
Company, American Fire and Casualty Company, Avomark Insurance Company and Ohio
Casualty of New Jersey, Inc.). In accordance with the provisions of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) Interpretation 46 (FIN 46R) a variable
interest entity has also been included in the consolidated financial statements
of the Consolidated Corporation. See Note 17 for further details on the variable
interest entity. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior years to
conform to the current year's presentation. All significant inter-company
transactions have been eliminated.
C. INVESTMENTS
Investment securities are classified into either the held-to-maturity category
or available-for-sale category. Fixed income securities classified as
held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost because management has the
ability and positive intent to hold the securities until maturity.
Available-for-sale securities are those securities that are not classified as
either held-to-maturity or trading securities. Available-for-sale securities are
reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings
and reported as a component of other comprehensive income, net of deferred tax.
Mortgage-backed securities are amortized over a period based on estimated future
principal payments, including prepayments. Prepayment assumptions are reviewed
periodically and adjusted to reflect actual prepayments and changes in
expectations. Variations from prepayment assumptions will affect the life and
yield of these securities. Transfers of fixed income securities into the
held-to-maturity category from the available-for-sale category are made at fair
value at the date of transfer. The unrealized holding gain or loss at the date
of transfer is retained in other comprehensive income and in the carrying value
of the held-to-maturity securities. Such amounts are amortized over the
remaining life of the security. Fair values of fixed income securities are
determined on the basis of dealer or market quotations or comparable securities
on which quotations are available. Equity securities are carried at quoted
market values and include nonredeemable preferred stocks and common stocks.
The Consolidated Corporation regularly evaluates all investments based on
current economic conditions, credit loss experience and other specific
developments. The Consolidated Corporation monitors the difference between the
cost and estimated fair value of investments to determine whether a decline in
value is temporary or other than temporary in nature. The assessment of whether
a decline in fair value is considered temporary or other than temporary includes
management's judgement as to the financial position and future prospects of the
entity issuing the security. If a decline in the fair value of a security is
determined to be other than temporary, it is treated as a realized loss and the
cost basis of the security is reduced to its then estimated fair value.
Realized gains or losses on disposition of investments are determined on
the basis of the cost or amortized cost of specific investments sold on the
trade date basis.
D. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying amounts of the Consolidated Corporation's financial instruments
include cash and cash equivalents which approximate fair value at December 31,
2005 and 2004. The fair value of the Senior Notes is based on quoted market
prices. As of December 31, 2005, the fair value and carrying value of the Senior
Notes was $213.8 and $197.7, respectively. As of December 31, 2004, the fair
value of the Convertible and Senior Notes was $201.3 and $215.2, respectively.
The carrying value of the Convertible and Senior Notes as of December 31, 2004
was $182.5 and $197.6, respectively. See Note 15 for information on the
redemption and conversion of the Convertible Notes.
E. PREMIUMS
Property and casualty insurance premiums are earned principally on a monthly pro
rata basis over the term of the policy; the premiums applicable to the unexpired
terms of the policies are included in unearned premium reserve. Premiums
receivable represents amounts due on insurance policies. The premiums receivable
balance is presented net of bad debt allowances of $4.2 and $4.3 at December 31,
2005 and 2004, respectively.
F. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
Acquisition costs incurred at policy issuance net of applicable reinsurance
ceding commissions are deferred and amortized over the term of the policy in
order to facilitate a matching of revenues and expenses. Acquisition costs which
are deferred consist principally of commissions, brokerage fees, salaries and
certain other underwriting expenses that vary directly with the acquisition of
insurance contracts. Quarterly, an analysis of the deferred policy acquisition
costs is performed in relation to the expected recognition of revenues including
investment income to determine if deferred costs can be recovered through future
revenue streams. No recoverability issues were indicated in the periods
presented. Amortization of deferred acquisition costs was $338.3, $365.2 and
$384.0 for the years ending December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
67
G. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation of
$177.2 and $167.4 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Depreciation is
computed principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives
of the assets. Buildings are depreciated over an estimated useful life of 32
years; furniture and equipment over a three to seven year useful life.
H. INTERNALLY DEVELOPED SOFTWARE
In accordance with Statement of Position (SOP) 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs
of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use," the Group
capitalizes costs incurred during the application development stage for the
development of internal-use software. These costs primarily relate to payroll
and payroll-related costs for employees along with costs incurred for external
consultants who are directly associated with the internal-use software project.
Costs such as maintenance, training, data conversion, overhead and general and
administrative are expensed as incurred. Management believes the expected future
value of the asset exceeds the carrying value. Management evaluates the asset on
an annual basis for impairment. The costs associated with the software are
amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 10 years
commencing when the software is substantially complete and ready for its
intended use. Capitalized software costs and accumulated amortization in the
consolidated balance sheets were $58.5 and $15.9 at December 31, 2005, and $55.2
and $11.4 at December 31, 2004, respectively.
I. AGENT RELATIONSHIPS
The agent relationships asset is an identifiable intangible asset acquired in
connection with the 1998 Great American Insurance Company (GAI) commercial lines
acquisition. The asset represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net
assets acquired. Agent relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over
a twenty-five year period. Agent relationships are evaluated quarterly in
accordance with SFAS 144 "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of
Long-Lived Assets," as events or circumstances, such as cancellation of agents,
indicate a possible inability to recover their carrying amount. Such evaluation
is based on various analyses, including cash flow and profitability projections
that incorporate, as applicable, the impact on existing company businesses. The
analyses involves significant management judgments to evaluate the capacity of
an acquired agent relationship to perform within projections. If future
projected undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying
amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized. See Note 13 for further
details regarding the agent relationships asset.
J. LOSS RESERVES
The reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (LAE) are based on
estimates of ultimate claim costs, including claims incurred but not reported
(IBNR), salvage and subrogation and inflation without discounting. For reported
losses, a case reserve is established within the parameters of coverage provided
in the insurance policy. Reserves are reviewed quarterly using generally
accepted actuarial techniques and any resulting adjustments are reflected in
current earnings. The estimates are developed using the facts in each case,
experience with similar cases and the effects of current developments and
anticipated trends. Accordingly there can be no assurance that the ultimate
liability will not vary significantly from such estimates.
K. REINSURANCE
In the normal course of business, the Group seeks to diversify risk and reduce
the loss that may arise from catastrophes or other events that cause unfavorable
underwriting results by reinsuring certain levels of risk in various areas of
exposure with other insurance enterprises or reinsurers. The Group records its
ceded reinsurance transactions on a gross basis by recording an asset as
reinsurance recoverable for estimates of paid and unpaid losses, including
estimates for losses incurred but not reported. The Group evaluates the
financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentrations of credit risk
to minimize exposure to significant losses from reinsurer insolvencies. To the
extent that any reinsuring companies are unable to meet obligations under the
agreements covering the reinsurance ceded, the Group would remain liable.
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are calculated in a manner consistent with
the reinsurance contract and are reported net of an allowance of $3.7 and $2.3
as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The Group is also required to
maintain a reinsurance treaty fund as stipulated by the first layer casualty
treaty. Under the reinsurance program in effect prior to January 1, 2005, the
Group deposited premium into the fund and made withdrawals to pay claims that
qualify for that contract of reinsurance. Interest from the securities is shared
with the reinsurers. The securities held by the fund are recorded as assets with
a corresponding liability on the Consolidated Corporation's balance sheets. The
ceded reinsurance transactions are recorded in the same manner as all other
cessions.
L. INCOME TAXES
The Consolidated Corporation files a consolidated federal income tax return. The
Consolidated Corporation records deferred tax assets and liabilities based on
temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets
and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the year in which the
differences are expected to reverse. The principal assets and liabilities giving
rise to such differences are net unrealized gains/losses on securities, loss
reserves, unearned premium reserves, deferred policy acquisition costs and
accruals not currently deductible. The Consolidated Corporation reviews its
deferred tax assets for recoverability. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, the
Consolidated Corporation is able to demonstrate that the benefit of its deferred
tax assets is fully realizable.
M. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
The Consolidated Corporation accounts for stock based compensation issued to
employees in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25,"
68
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees." Under APB 25, the Consolidated
Corporation recognizes expense based on the intrinsic value of stock based
compensation. See Note 19 for the Consolidated Corporation's disclosure
regarding the pending adoption of SFAS 123(R). Had the Consolidated Corporation
adopted the income statement recognition requirements of SFAS 123 "Accounting
for Stock Based Compensation," the Consolidated Corporation's net income and
earnings per share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts disclosed
below:
2005 2004 2003
----------- ----------- -----------
Net income
As reported: $ 212.7 $ 128.4 $ 75.8
Add: Stock-based
employee compensation
reported in net
income, net of
related tax effect 1.6 0.3 0.1
Deduct: Total
stock-based employee
compensation, net of
related tax effects 5.8 6.4 5.8
----------- ----------- -----------
Pro Forma: $ 208.5 $ 122.3 $ 70.1
=========== =========== ===========
Basic EPS
As reported: $ 3.35 $ 2.09 $ 1.25
Pro Forma: $ 3.29 $ 1.99 $ 1.15
Average shares outstanding -
basic 63,450,123 61,509,128 60,848,718
Diluted EPS*
As reported: $ 3.19 $ 1.89 $ 1.18
Pro Forma $ 3.13 $ 1.81 $ 1.09
Average shares outstanding -
diluted 67,194,425 71,508,519 70,224,196
=========== =========== ===========
*Diluted EPS has been adjusted for the effect of EITF Issue No. 04-8 in 2005,
2004 and 2003. Also see Note 9.
N. INSURANCE ASSESSMENTS
The Group accrues a liability for insurance related assessments in accordance
with SOP 97-3 "Accounting by Insurance and Other Enterprises for
Insurance-Related Assessments." As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, the
undiscounted liability for these assessments was $11.9 and $8.8, respectively. A
portion of these assessments are recoupable by the Group based upon premium tax
credits or policyholder surcharges. In accordance with SOP 97-3, the Group has
established an asset of $3.7 and $1.7 at December 31, 2005 and 2004,
respectively. These amounts are expected to be realized in the near future as
premium tax credits are used on the tax returns for the respective states and/or
policyholder surcharges are collected.
O. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings per share of common stock is presented using basic and diluted earnings
per share. Basic earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average
number of common stock shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings
per share includes the effect of the assumed exercise of dilutive common stock
options, the effects of earned stock based compensation and the convertible debt
impact based upon the "if-converted" method as prescribed in EITF 04-8. See Note
9 for the impact of EITF 04-8.
P. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash equivalents are comprised of highly liquid investments that are readily
convertible into known amounts of cash. Such investments have maturities of 90
days or less from the date of purchase. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, the
Group had $3.7 and $8.6, respectively, of cash held in escrow or otherwise
subject to withdrawal restrictions. At December 31, 2005 and 2004, the
Consolidated Corporation reclassified amounts previously presented as short-term
investments to cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets.
Q. USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
NOTE 2 -- INVESTMENTS
Investment income is summarized as follows:
2005 2004 2003
------ ------ ------
Investment income from:
Fixed income securities $207.3 $208.3 $210.9
Equity securities 9.6 9.1 8.4
Cash equivalents 3.2 2.4 0.5
------ ------ ------
Total investment income 220.1 219.8 219.8
Investment expenses 18.7 18.6 11.1
------ ------ ------
Investment income, less
expenses $201.4 $201.2 $208.7
====== ====== ======
The gross realized gains and losses from sales of securities were as
follows:
Gross Gross Net
Realized Realized Realized
December 31 Gains (Losses) Gains
- ----------- -------- -------- --------
2005 $ 63.6 $ (16.2) $ 47.4
2004 50.6 (27.6) 23.0
2003 57.3 (21.4) 35.9
Included in realized losses were the write-down of securities for other
than temporary declines in market value of $2.4, $8.7 and $10.5, in 2005, 2004
and 2003, respectively.
In the first quarter of 2003, the Consolidated Corporation transferred
$368.8 of its fixed income securities from the available-for-sale classification
into the held-to-maturity classification, which resulted in a $20.9 unrealized
holding gain. The remaining unamortized unrealized holding gain of $10.1 and
$12.7 as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, is retained in other
comprehensive income and in the carrying value of the held-to-maturity
securities. This transfer was made as the Consolidated Corporation has both the
ability to hold investments to maturity and the positive intent to do so. As of
December 31, 2005 and 2004, the
69
amortized cost of the held-to-maturity portfolio was $264.4 and $301.4,
respectively. The reduction for the year was a result of scheduled payments and
maturities on the securities held in this classification.
Changes in unrealized (losses) gains on investments in securities are
summarized as follows:
2005 2004 2003
-------- ------ ------
Change in unrealized (losses) gains:
Fixed income securities $ (97.8) $ (1.7) $ (1.2)
Equity securities (27.6) 7.4 31.1
Cash equivalents 0.8 (0.8) -
Transfer of securities to
held-to-maturity - - 12.3
-------- ------ ------
Deferred tax benefit
(expense) 43.7 (2.0) (14.8)
-------- ------ ------
Change in net unrealized
(losses) gains $ (80.9) $ 2.9 $ 27.4
======== ====== ======
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investments in
available-for-sale fixed income and equity securities, (common and preferred
stock) are as follows:
Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
2005 Cost Gains Losses Value
- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Securities:
U.S. Government $ 25.8 $ 0.3 $ (0.2) $ 25.9
States, municipalities
and political
subdivisions 1,269.7 11.2 (3.5) 1,277.4
Corporate securities 1,554.5 72.2 (5.8) 1,620.9
Mortgage-backed
securities:
U.S. Government
Agency 33.5 0.1 (0.4) 33.2
Other 570.0 4.1 (3.8) 570.3
--------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total fixed income
securities 3,453.5 87.9 (13.7) 3,527.7
Equity securities 144.2 232.3 (1.4) 375.1
Cash and cash
equivalents 54.5 - - 54.5
--------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total investments,
cash and cash
equivalents $ 3,652.2 $ 320.2 $ (15.1) $ 3,957.3
========= ========== ========== ==========
Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
2004 Cost Gains Losses Value
- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Securities:
U.S. Government $ 31.9 $ 1.5 $ - $ 33.4
States, municipalities
and political
subdivisions 1,018.4 16.9 (0.7) 1,034.6
Corporate securities 1,614.4 131.8 (1.4) 1,744.8
Mortgage-backed
securities:
U.S. Government Agency 7.2 0.4 - 7.6
Other 504.9 22.3 (1.5) 525.7
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Total fixed income
securities 3,176.8 172.9 (3.6) 3,346.1
Equity securities 98.9 259.2 (0.7) 357.4
Cash and cash
equivalents 253.4 - (0.8) 252.6
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Total investments,
cash and cash
equivalents $ 3,529.1 $ 432.1 $ (5.1) $ 3,956.1
========= ========== ========== =========
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investments in
held-to-maturity securities are as follows:
Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
2005 Cost Gains Losses Value
- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Securities:
Corporate securities $ 160.1 $ 1.8 $ (4.0) $ 157.9
Mortgage-backed
securities:
Other 104.3 0.2 (1.9) 102.6
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Total held-to-maturity
securities $ 264.4 $ 2.0 $ (5.9) $ 260.5
========= ========== ========== =========
Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
2004 Cost Gains Losses Value
- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Securities:
Corporate
securities $ 164.7 $ 2.9 $ (1.0) $ 166.6
Mortgage-backed
securities:
Other 136.7 0.6 (0.8) 136.5
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Total held-to-maturity
securities $ 301.4 $ 3.5 $ (1.8) $ 303.1
========= ========== ========== =========
For securities in an unrealized loss position, the Consolidated
Corporation evaluates the difference between the cost/amortized cost and
estimated fair value of the security to determine whether a decline in value is
temporary or other than temporary in nature. Securities that had a relatively
high degree of decline in value and/or securities that had been in unrealized
loss positions for longer, continuous periods of time are more closely reviewed.
This assessment includes many factors such as the issuing entity's financial
position, financial flexibility, future prospects, management competence, and
industry fundamentals. Based on this review, the Consolidated Corporation makes
a judgement as to whether the decline in value is temporary or other than
temporary.
70
The following table summarizes, for all securities in an unrealized loss
position, the gross unrealized loss by the length of time the securities have
continuously been in an unrealized loss position as of December 31:
2005
Available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses:
Less than 12 12 months or
months longer Total
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Securities:
U.S. government $ 16.3 $ (0.2) $ - $ - $ 16.3 $ (0.2)
States, municipal-
ities and
political subdivisions 427.7 (3.2) 13.9 (0.3) 441.6 (3.5)
Corporate securities 278.1 (5.3) 17.2 (0.5) 295.3 (5.8)
Mortgage-backed
securities:
Government 28.5 (0.4) - - 28.5 (0.4)
Other 274.0 (3.3) 13.1 (0.5) 287.1 (3.8)
--------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
Total fixed
income securities 1,024.6 (12.4) 44.2 (1.3) 1,068.8 (13.7)
--------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
Equity securities 27.4 (0.9) 1.8 (0.5) 29.2 (1.4)
--------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
Total temporarily
impaired securities $ 1,052.0 $ (13.3) $ 46.0 $ (1.8) $ 1,098.0 $ (15.1)
========= ========== ========== ========= ========= ==========
Held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses:
Less than 12 12 months or
months longer Total
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Securities:
Corporate securities $ 66.9 $ (1.9) $ 56.6 $ (2.1) $ 123.5 $ (4.0)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Other 66.6 (1.2) 19.0 (0.7) 85.6 (1.9)
--------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
Total temporarily impaired securities $ 133.5 $ (3.1) $ 75.6 $ (2.8) $ 209.1 $ (5.9)
========= ========== ========== ========= ========= ==========
2004
Available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses:
Less than 12 12 months or
months longer Total
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Securities:
States, municipalities and political
subdivisions $ 187.8 $ (0.7) $ - $ - $ 187.8 $ (0.7)
Corporate securities 97.7 (1.1) 9.8 (0.3) 107.5 (1.4)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Other 88.4 (1.2) 16.5 (0.3) 104.9 (1.5)
--------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
Total fixed income securities 373.9 (3.0) 26.3 (0.6) 400.2 (3.6)
Equity securities 9.6 (0.7) - - 9.6 (0.7)
Cash and cash equivalents 177.4 (0.8) - - 177.4 (0.8)
--------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
Total temporarily impaired securities $ 560.9 $ (4.5) $ 26.3 $ (0.6) $ 587.2 $ (5.1)
========= ========== ========== ========= ========= ==========
Held-to-maturity securities with unrealized losses:
Less than 12 12 months or
months longer Total
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses
--------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Corporate securities $ 85.8 $ (1.0) $ - $ - $ 85.8 $ (1.0)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Other 66.8 (0.7) 9.9 (0.1) 76.7 (0.8)
--------- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
Total temporarily impaired securities $ 152.6 $ (1.7) $ 9.9 $ (0.1) $ 162.5 $ (1.8)
========= ========== ========== ========= ========= ==========
Management believes that it will recover the cost basis in the securities
held with unrealized losses as it has both the intent and ability to hold the
securities until they mature or recover in value.
As part of its evaluation of the aggregate $21.0 unrealized loss on
securities in the investment portfolio at December 31, 2005, management
performed a more intensive review of securities with a higher unrealized loss
percentage when compared with their cost or amortized cost. Based on this review
of each security, management believes that unrealized losses on these securities
were temporary declines in value at December 31, 2005. In the table above, there
are approximately 420 securities represented. Of this total, 11 securities have
unrealized loss positions greater than 5% of their market values at December 31,
2005, with none exceeding 20%. This group represents $2.1, or 10% of the total
unrealized loss position. Of this group, six securities representing
approximately $1.1 in unrealized losses have been in an unrealized loss position
for less than twelve months. Of the remaining five securities in an unrealized
loss position for longer than twelve months totaling $1.0, management believes
they will recover the cost basis of these securities, and has both the intent
and ability to hold the securities until they mature or recover in value. All
securities are monitored by portfolio managers who consider many factors, as
described above, when evaluating whether the decline in fair value is temporary.
In addition, management considers whether it is probable that all contract terms
of the security will be satisfied and whether the unrealized loss position is
due to changes in the interest rate environment. Should management subsequently
conclude the decline in fair value is other than temporary, the book value of
the security is written down to the then fair value with the realized loss
recognized in the consolidated statements of income.
Gross gains of $20.7, $11.8 and $19.7 and gross losses of $14.2, $27.5 and
$18.2 were realized on the sales of fixed income securities in 2005, 2004 and
2003, respectively.
The Group is required to hold investments on deposit with regulatory
authorities in various states. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, these
investments had a fair value of $53.8 and $60.9, respectively.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed income securities at
December 31, 2005, by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities
will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to
call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Estimated
Amortized Fair
Available-for-sale Cost Value
- ------------------ --------- ---------
Due in one year or less $ 100.0 $ 100.7
Due after one year through five
years 523.4 537.8
Due after five years through ten
years 1,240.4 1,271.8
Due after ten years 986.2 1,013.9
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government Agency 33.5 33.2
Other 570.0 570.3
--------- ---------
Total fixed income securities $ 3,453.5 $ 3,527.7
========= =========
71
Estimated
Amortized Fair
Held-to-maturity Cost Value
- ---------------- --------- ---------
Due after one year through five years $ 31.3 $ 30.5
Due after five years through ten years 100.2 97.1
Due after ten years 28.6 30.3
Mortgage-backed securities:
Other 104.3 102.6
-------- ---------
Total fixed income securities $ 264.4 $ 260.5
======== =========
NOTE 3 -- INCOME TAXES
The effective income tax rate is less than the statutory corporate tax rate of
35% for 2005, 2004 and 2003 for the following reasons:
2005 2004 2003
------ ------ -------
Tax at statutory rate $ 98.2 $ 65.3 $ 37.7
Tax exempt interest (15.8) (5.8) (1.3)
Dividends received deduction (DRD) (1.7) (1.8) (2.1)
Proration of DRD and tax exempt interest 2.9 1.0 0.4
Settlement of IRS examinations (15.2) - -
Other (0.4) (2.2) (2.9)
------ ------ -------
Actual tax expense $ 68.0 $ 56.5 $ 31.8
====== ====== =======
Income taxes payable were $17.3 and $9.8 at December 31, 2005 and 2004,
respectively.
The components of the net deferred tax asset/(liability) were as follows:
2005 2004
------- -------
Unearned premium proration $ 45.2 $ 45.5
Accrued expenses 3.1 14.5
Postretirement benefits 33.3 36.0
Discounted loss and loss expense reserves 97.5 92.1
------- -------
Total deferred tax assets 179.1 188.1
------- -------
Deferred policy acquisition costs (53.8) (55.9)
Unrealized gains on investments (110.5) (154.1)
------- -------
Total deferred tax liabilities (164.3) (210.0)
------- -------
Net deferred tax asset/(liability) $ 14.8 $ (21.9)
======= =======
The Consolidated Corporation is required to establish a valuation
allowance for any portion of the deferred tax asset that management believes
will not be realized. Management has determined that no such valuation allowance
is necessary for either period presented.
At December 31, 2004, the Consolidated Corporation disclosed it had been
examined by the Internal Revenue Services (IRS) for the tax years 1997 to 2001
and was then in the process of finalizing a settlement. On August 25, 2005, the
IRS issued notification to the Consolidated Corporation that a settlement
concerning its examination of these tax years was approved. This settlement
resulted in a $2.7 net tax benefit related to realized capital gains, as well as
interest income, before tax, of $0.9. In conjunction with the IRS settlement,
the Consolidated Corporation reversed $9.1 ($8.0 related to realized capital
gains and $1.1 related to operations) of book tax reserves.
Additionally, on September 28, 2005, the IRS advised the Consolidated
Corporation that it accepted a protective claim for refund for the 1996 tax year
related to adjustments resulting from the 2003 settlement of the IRS examination
of the 1995 tax year. The acceptance of this protective refund claim resulted in
a $3.4 net tax benefit related to operations and interest income, before tax, of
$1.6 million.
In the aggregate, when considering all of the above referenced items
related to the IRS settlement, net income for 2005 was favorably impacted by
$16.8, comprised of a $15.2 net tax benefit ($4.5 related to operations and
$10.7 related to capital gains) and $1.6 after-tax interest income. This net tax
benefit had the effect of lowering the Consolidated Corporation's effective
income tax rate by 5.4% for the year ended December 31, 2005.
NOTE 4 -- EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company has a non-contributory defined benefit retirement plan, a
contributory health care plan, life and disability insurance plans and a savings
plan covering substantially all employees. Benefit expenses associated with
these plans are as follows:
2005 2004 2003
------ ------ ------
Employee benefit costs
(benefit):
Retirement plan $ 4.0 $ 3.8 $ 4.2
Postretirement plan (2.7) 0.1 10.5
Health care insurance 13.5 14.9 14.4
Life and disability
insurance 2.1 2.0 1.9
Savings plan 15.0 6.6 3.0
------ ------ ------
Total $ 31.9 $ 27.4 $ 34.0
====== ====== ======
DEFINED BENEFIT RETIREMENT PLAN
The Company has a non-contributory defined benefit retirement plan. Based
on eligibility requirements outlined below, retirement benefits accrued after
June 30, 2004 are generally payable to eligible employees upon termination of
employment so long as they have completed five years of vesting service.
Retirement benefits accrued through June 30, 2004 under the Employees Retirement
Plan are generally payable to eligible employees upon retirement at age 65 so
long as they have completed five years of vesting service or in reduced amounts
upon retirement prior to age 65 so long as they have completed ten years of
vesting service. A retiree's benefit amount is based upon their June 30, 2004
accrued benefit, if any, the years of credited service after June 30, 2004 and
before age 50, if any, the years of credited service after June 30, 2004 and
after attaining age 50, if any, and final average compensation for the five
consecutive calendar years of highest salary during the last ten years of
service immediately prior to age 65 or, if greater, the average annual
compensation paid during the 60 consecutive month period immediately preceding
retirement or other termination of employment.
In 2004, the Company announced changes to the defined benefit retirement
plan which froze accrued benefits under the plan's then current formula and
incorporated a new benefit accrual formula beginning July 2004.
The net periodic pension cost is determined as follows:
72
2005 2004 2003
------ ------ ------
Service cost earned during the year $ 7.3 $ 7.7 $ 7.2
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation 17.3 16.8 18.4
Expected return on plan assets (21.9) (21.6) (21.6)
Amortization of accumulated losses 3.6 2.7 -
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost (2.3) (1.9) 0.2
Curtailment - 0.1 -
------ ------ ------
Net periodic pension cost $ 4.0 $ 3.8 $ 4.2
====== ====== ======
The following data in the tables below are measured as of September 30,
2005 and 2004, the measurement date. Changes in the benefit obligation during
the year:
2005 2004
------ -------
Benefit obligation at beginning of year $299.5 $ 318.2
------ -------
Service cost 7.3 7.7
Interest cost 17.3 16.8
Actuarial loss 17.5 19.4
Benefits paid (18.3) (17.7)
Amendment - (32.7)
Curtailment - (12.2)
------ -------
Benefit obligation at end of year $323.3 $ 299.5
====== =======
Changes in retirement plan assets during the year:
2005 2004
------ ------
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $262.8 $241.7
------ ------
Actual return on plan assets 34.6 31.3
Benefits paid (18.3) (17.7)
Employer contributions as of measurement date 10.1 7.5
------ ------
Fair value of plan assets at end of year $289.2 $262.8
====== ======
A summary of the projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit
obligation and fair value of plan assets as of the measurement date is as
follows:
2005 2004
------ ------
Projected benefit obligation $323.3 $299.5
Accumulated benefit obligation 319.4 299.0
Fair value of plan assets 289.2 262.8
During 2005 and 2004, the Company contributed approximately $8.2 and $7.5,
respectively, to its retirement plan prior to the measurement date and
contributed an additional $18.0 and $1.9 during the fourth quarters of 2005 and
2004, respectively. The Company contributed $19.0 in the first quarter 2006 and
is currently evaluating whether additional contributions will be made during the
balance of the fiscal year 2006.
Retirement plan funding at December 31:
2005 2004
------ ------
Funded status $(34.1) $(36.7)
Unrecognized net gain 73.2 72.1
Unrecognized prior service cost (27.5) (29.8)
Employer contribution after measurement date 18.0 1.9
------ ------
Prepaid pension asset, net of accrued liability $ 29.6 $ 7.5
====== ======
The net prepaid pension asset at December 31, 2005 and 2004 consists of an
accrued prepaid asset of $30.8 and $8.6, for the retirement plan and an accrued
liability of $1.2 and $1.1, respectively for the Benefit Equalization Plan, a
non-qualified plan.
Total benefit payments expected to be paid to retirement plan
participants, which includes estimated future service, are as follows:
2006 $ 18.9
2007 19.2
2008 19.8
2009 20.7
2010 21.8
2011 - 2016 127.6
-------
Total 2006-2016 $ 228.0
=======
Management of the Company reviews the assumptions used in the actuarial
valuation on an annual basis, or more frequently as deemed necessary. Management
believes the assumptions listed below are reasonable and appropriate based upon
the current level of interest rates for high-quality debt securities, average
future rate of return on the plan's target asset allocation and underlying
compensation levels and merit increases.
2005 2004 2003
------- ------- -------
Measurement date 9/30/05 9/30/04 9/30/03
Expected long-term return on plan assets 8.75% 8.75% 8.75%
Discount rate on plan benefit obligations 5.50% 5.95% 6.15%
Expected future rate of salary increases 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%
The Company considers the current level of expected returns on risk free
investments, primarily government bonds, the historical level of the risk
premium associated with the other asset classes and the expectations for future
returns of each asset class when developing the expected long-term rate of
return on assets assumption. The expected return for each asset class is
weighted based on the target asset allocation to develop the expected long-term
rate of return on assets assumption for the portfolio.
In determining the discount rate assumption, the Company utilized current
market information including analysis of the Moody's Aa Corporate Bond Index
Rate, analysis provided by plan actuaries and independent survey data on
similarly positioned companies. As regards to the analysis provided by plan
actuaries, a discounted cashflow model of the plan's benefit obligations was
developed using an interest rate yield curve to make judgments regarding the
appropriate discount rate for both its pension and post-retirement medical
benefit obligations. The yield curve is comprised of the highest quartile
yielding bonds with at least an "Aa" rating and with maturities primarily
between zero and thirty years.
The Company considers future changes attributed to general price levels,
productivity, seniority, promotion, and other factors when developing the salary
increase assumption. In addition, the Company compares long-term salary increase
estimates to its actual history. Based on 2006 budgeted salary and merit
increases, as well as future
73
estimated increases, the Company maintained its expected future rate of salary
increase at 4.0%.
The Company's targeted ranges of asset allocation for the retirement plan
at December 31 by asset category are as follows:
2005 2004
----- -----
Equity securities 51-75% 55-79%
Fixed income securities 25-35% 22-30%
Real estate 8-12% 4-10%
Other 0-5% 0-5%
The retirement plan's weighted-average asset allocation at September 30,
2005 and 2004, the measurement date, by asset category is as follows:
2005 2004
----- -----
Equity securities 61.0% 59.8%
Fixed income securities 25.4% 28.7%
Real estate 9.5% 8.9%
Other 4.1% 2.6%
----- -----
Total 100.0% 100.0%
===== =====
Investments are diversified among capitalization and style within the
equity portfolio. Up to 18% of the retirement plan's portfolio may be invested
in financial markets outside of the United States. In order to minimize equity
risk, limitations are placed on the overall amount that can be invested in a
single stock at both cost and market value. Equity investments are also
diversified across the various economic sectors. To further diversify risk,
approximately 9.4% of the portfolio is allocated to real estate at December 31,
2005.
Retirement plan assets at December 31, 2005 include $15.1 of the
Corporation's common stock at market value compared to $12.4 at December 31,
2004. The retirement plan held 534,464 shares of the Corporation's common stock
at December 31, 2005 and 2004. The retirement plan did not purchase or sell any
shares of the Corporation's common stock during 2005. The retirement plan
purchased no additional shares and sold 237,500 shares of the Corporation's
common stock during 2004.
The fair value of the retirement plan assets was less than the accumulated
benefit obligation as of September 30, 2005 and 2004, resulting in the
recognition of a minimum pension liability of approximately $41.9 and $41.6.
These amounts represent components of accumulated other comprehensive loss
reported in the December 31, 2005 and 2004 consolidated balance sheets.
CONTRIBUTORY POSTRETIREMENT HEALTH CARE PLAN
The Company's health care plan is a predominately managed care plan. Prior
to July 1, 2004, retired employees were eligible to continue to participate in
the health care and life insurance plans of the Company. In March 2004, the
Company announced changes related to its postretirement health care plan that
limits eligibility for subsidized retiree coverages to the then current retirees
and employees with 25 or more years of service as of July 1, 2004 and who
subsequently then retire. Other employees who retire from the organization are
eligible for access to unsubsidized retiree medical and dental coverage until
age 65. Contributions to the health care plan have been established as a flat
dollar amount with periodic adjustments as determined by the Company. The health
care plan is unfunded. Benefit costs are accrued based on actuarial projections
of future payments. There are approximately 1,900 active employees and 1,600
retired employees covered by these plans.
The components of the Company's net periodic postretirement benefit cost
at December 31:
2005 2004 2003
------ ------ ------
Service cost $ 0.3 $ 0.8 $ 2.9
Interest cost 3.0 4.0 7.4
Amortization of
unrecognized prior service
costs (6.1) (5.0) 0.2
Amortization of net loss 0.1 0.2 -
Curtailment - 0.1 -
------ ------ ------
Net periodic
postretirement (benefit)
cost $ (2.7) $ 0.1 $ 10.5
====== ====== ======
As a result of the plan amendment described above, the Company has
unrecognized prior service costs of $60.4 which it is amortizing as a reduction
of net periodic postretirement cost over a period of ten years. The unrecognized
prior service cost will be fully amortized by 2014.
Changes in the postretirement benefit obligation during the year:
2005 2004
------ -------
Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 54.5 $ 126.4
------ -------
Service cost 0.3 0.8
Interest cost 3.0 4.0
Benefits paid net of plan participants' contributions (4.9) (4.9)
Increase due to actuarial gain, change in discount rate, or other assumptions (1.2) (9.4)
Amendment - (61.5)
Curtailment - (0.9)
------ -------
Benefit obligation at end of year $ 51.7 $ 54.5
====== =======
The accrued postretirement benefit liability at December 31:
2005 2004
------- -------
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation $ 51.7 $ 54.5
Unrecognized net loss (4.3) (6.9)
Unrecognized prior service cost 48.9 55.3
Post measurement date contributions (1.2) -
------- -------
Accrued postretirement benefit liability $ 95.1 $ 102.9
======= =======
The postretirement benefit trend and discount rate assumptions are as
follows:
74
2005 2004 2003
------- ------- -------
Measurement date 9/30/05 9/30/04 9/30/03
Medical trend rate 9.00% 10.00% 10.00%
Prescription drug rate 12.00% 10.00% 10.00%
Ultimate medical care and prescription drug trend rate 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
Year ultimate trend rate reached 2013 2014 2013
Dental trend rate 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
Discount rate 5.35% 5.75% 6.15%
Management of the Company reviews the assumptions used in the actuarial
valuation on an annual basis, or more frequently as deemed necessary. Management
reviews external data and its own historical trends for health care costs to
determine the medical and dental trend rates. Management reviews market rates
for high quality corporate bonds and fixed income investments consistent with
the duration of its liabilities to determine the discount rate. Management
believes the assumptions are reasonable and appropriate.
Increasing the assumed health care cost trend by one percentage point in
each year would increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of
December 31, 2005 by approximately $4.2 and increase the postretirement benefit
cost for 2005 by $0.3. Likewise, decreasing the assumed health care cost trend
by one percentage point in each year would decrease the accumulated
postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2005 by approximately $3.6
and decrease the postretirement benefit cost for 2005 by $0.2.
Total benefit payments expected to be paid to participants are as follows:
2006 $ 4.3
2007 4.3
2008 4.1
2009 4.0
2010 4.0
2011 - 2016 19.0
------
Total 2006-2016 $ 39.7
======
EMPLOYEE SAVINGS PLAN
Employees can contribute a percentage of their eligible compensation to
the Employee Savings Plan, a defined contribution plan. Effective January 1,
2005, the provisions of the Company's matching contribution were changed to what
is known as a 'safe harbor' match. The Company's match is one dollar for each
one dollar contributed for the first 3% of a participant's eligible compensation
contributed and fifty cents for each one dollar contributed for the next 2% of a
participant's eligible compensation contributed. The maximum employer match is
4%. During 2004 and 2003, respectively, the Company matched 3% of the first 6%
of a participant's contribution to the plan. This match is invested according to
the investment direction chosen by the participant. The Company contributed
$4.4, $2.9 and $3.0 in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively for the participant
match. Also effective January 1, 2005, employees with 10 or more years of
service as of July 1, 2004 were eligible for a temporary, discretionary,
additional employer contribution of 2.5% percent of eligible compensation. The
Company contributed $1.7 in 2005 for this additional contribution. In July 2004,
the Employee Savings Plan added a profit sharing contribution feature for all
eligible employees based upon a profitability target established by the Company.
An accrual of $8.9 and $3.7 was established by the Company at December 31, 2005
and 2004, respectively, for this profit sharing component. The profit sharing
contribution is generally deposited into the employees account during the first
quarter of the following calendar year.
NOTE 5 - STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
The Consolidated Corporation has several stock based incentive programs that are
utilized to facilitate the Consolidated Corporation's long-term financial
success. The Consolidated Corporation's stock based incentive programs are
accounted for under APB 25 "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees." Beginning
on January 1, 2006, the Consolidated Corporation will account for stock based
incentive programs under SFAS 123R, "Share-Based Payment." See Note 19 -
Recently Issued Accounting Standards for more detail regarding SFAS 123R.
2005 INCENTIVE PLAN
On May 18, 2005, the shareholders of the Corporation approved the
Consolidated Corporation's 2005 Incentive Plan (2005 Plan) which provides for
stock based compensation to employees and non-employee directors. Approval of
the 2005 Plan resulted in the termination of the following existing stock
incentive plans of the Consolidated Corporation as to new equity-based awards:
(i) the 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, (ii) the 1999 Broad-Based Employee Stock
Option Plan and (iii) the 2002 Broad-Based Employee Stock Option Plan.
Upon termination of the 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, the number of shares
left to be issued, as well as, shares subsequently forfeited were made available
under the 2005 Plan. At December 31, 2005, 2,020,465 shares were available for
issuance under the 2005 Plan. The Executive Compensation Committee or the Board
of Directors with respect to director awards (collectively, the "Committee") is
responsible for the administration of the 2005 Plan. Equity-based awards that
may be granted under the 2005 Plan include stock options, restricted stock,
restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and shares of the
Corporation's common stock as defined in the 2005 Plan document. In addition to
equity-based compensation, the 2005 Plan also authorizes grants of performance
based awards in the form of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock
units and cash awards. The 2005 Plan limits the number of shares of stock with
respect to which awards may be issued to any participant in a calendar year to
400,000.
The options available for grant under the 2005 Plan may be either
incentive or non-qualified options as defined by the Internal Revenue Code. The
difference affects treatment of the options for income tax purposes by the
individual employee, director and the Consolidated Corporation. The options
under the plan may be exercised at any time after the vesting requirements are
met. Option expiration dates are ten years from date of grant. The maximum
incentive stock options that may be granted cannot exceed 2,000,000. At December
31, 2005, there were 69,000 stock options, excluding forfeitures, granted from
the 2005 Plan.
75
The 2005 Plan also provides for the grant of freestanding and/or tandem
stock appreciation rights (SAR) and restricted stock. The exercise price of a
freestanding SAR is typically equal to the fair market value of a share of the
Corporation's stock on the grant date. Freestanding SARs provide the recipient
with the right to receive stock equal to appreciation in value of a share of
stock from the date of grant unless otherwise specified in the award agreement.
At December 31, 2005, there were 250,000 outstanding freestanding SARs.
The exercise price of a tandem SAR is equal to the exercise price of the
related stock option on the grant date. A tandem SAR may be exercised only with
respect to the shares of stock for which its related option is then exercisable.
Tandem SARs provide the recipient with the right to receive stock equal to the
appreciation in value of the optioned stock from the date of grant. At December
31, 2005, there were no outstanding tandem SARs.
Grants of restricted stock provide the recipient with the right to receive
shares of the Corporation's stock, upon satisfying the restrictions imposed as a
condition to the award, during a specified restriction period. During the
restriction period, which is determined at the time of grant, the recipient may
exercise full voting rights and is entitled to receive dividends and other
distributions paid to shareholders. If dividends or other distributions are paid
in shares of stock, those shares are subject to the same restrictions as the
underlying restricted stock. Shares of restricted stock may not be sold,
transferred, pledged, assigned or otherwise alienated until the end of the
applicable restriction period. At the discretion of the Committee, all shares of
restricted stock may either be held by the Consolidated Corporation as escrow
agent during the restriction period or issued to the recipient in the form of
certificates with a legend describing the restrictions imposed on the shares.
During the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, there were 108,500,
55,284 and 11,000 restricted shares issued, excluding forfeitures, under either
the 2002 Stock Incentive Plan or 2005 Plan. These grants were made at a weighted
average grant date fair value of $28.24, $19.08 and $12.26 in 2005, 2004 and
2003, respectively. At December 31, 2005, there are 148,284 restricted shares
which are under the restriction period. Unearned stock compensation is
recognized for the fair value of the restricted shares when granted and is
accounted for as a reduction of shareholders' equity. The balance is amortized
into compensation expense over the restriction period. Unearned stock
compensation of $2.9 and $0.8 was recorded as a reduction of shareholders'
equity as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The Corporation has
recognized compensation expense on the grants of restricted shares of $0.8, $0.3
and $0.1 in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN
In July 2005, the Consolidated Corporation adopted a Long-Term Incentive
Plan (LTIP) award to better align officer interests with shareholders for
performance that promotes the long-term success of the Consolidated Corporation.
Awards under the LTIP were made pursuant to the terms and conditions of the 2005
Plan. The 2005 Long-Term Incentive award is a performance based award covering a
thirty-month period beginning July 1, 2005 and ending December 31, 2007 (the
"performance period"). At the end of the performance period payout if any, will
be made 50% in the form of Corporation common shares and 50% in cash. There is
no provision to pay the share portion of the payout in cash. The Consolidated
Corporation recognized compensation expense related to the LTIP of $2.4 in 2005.
BROAD-BASED EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTIONS
The Consolidated Corporation terminated the 1999 and 2002 Broad-based
Employee Stock Option Plans ("Broad-based Plans") for new grants in 2005. Any
forfeited shares under these plans will remain in the Broad-based Plans. The
options granted under the Broad-based Plans were nonqualified options. The
options are exercisable at any time after the vesting requirements are met. The
options also have accelerated vesting provisions for participant retirement,
death, or disability, subject to a holding period of twelve months for the 1999
program. Option expiration dates are ten years from the date of grant.
STOCK OPTION PLANS FOR SENIOR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Pursuant to the employment agreements of the Chief Executive Officer and
the prior Chief Financial Officer, the Consolidated Corporation established
specific stock option plans for each of these individuals. During 2005, the
stock option plan for the prior Chief Financial Officer was terminated. There
were no options granted under these plans in the years presented. The options
outstanding were previously granted as nonqualified options. Option expiration
dates are ten years from the grant date. The stock options granted vest at 33%
per year for three consecutive years. The total amount of stock options granted
under the two plans was 1,400,000. There are no additional remaining shares to
be granted under these plans.
EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
The Consolidated Corporation introduced an employee stock purchase plan in
2003 that is available to eligible employees as defined in the plan. Under the
plan, shares of the Corporation's common stock may be purchased at a discount of
up to 15% of the lesser of the closing price of the Corporation's common stock
on the first trading day or the last trading day of the offering period. The
offering period (currently six months) and the offering price are subject to
change. Effective with the first offering period beginning in 2006, shares of
the Corporation's common stock will be purchased at a 10% discount versus 15%
and the offering period will change from six months to three months.
Participants may purchase no more than twenty-five thousand dollars, prior to
stated discount, of the Corporation's common stock in a calendar year. During
2005, 81,757 shares were purchased under the plan compared to 54,030 shares
purchased under the plan in 2004. At December 31, 2005, there were 1,820,595
shares available for future issuance under the plan.
The following table summarizes information about the stock-based
compensation plans as of December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, and
changes that occurred during the respective years:
76
2005 2004 2003
--------------------- ---------------------- -----------------------
WEIGHTED- Weighted- Weighted-
AVG Avg Avg
SHARES EXERCISE Shares Exercise Shares Exercise
(000) PRICE (000) Price (000) Price
------ --------- --------- -------- --------- --------
Outstanding Beginning of year 4,773 $ 14.23 5,108 $ 13.26 4,491 $ 13.40
Granted 400 27.88 895 18.58 936 12.44
Exercised (1,135) 13.38 (1,133) 13.24 (175) 12.08
Forfeited (80) 19.62 (97) 14.74 (144) 14.91
------ --------- ---------
Outstanding end of year 3,958 $ 15.68 4,773 $ 14.23 5,108 $ 13.26
====== ========= =========
Options exercisable at year end 2,864 $ 13.88 3,255 $ 13.34 3,174 $ 13.28
Avg Remaining contractual life 6.14 YRS 6.97 yrs 7.43 yrs
Weighted-Avg fair value of options granted during the year $ 9.99 $ 7.36 $ 6.32
The following table summarizes the status of stock options outstanding and
exercisable at December 31, 2005:
Stock Options
Stock Options Outstanding Exercisable
-------------------------------- -----------------
Weighted-
Avg Weighted- Weighted-
Remaining Avg Avg
Range of Exercise Shares Contractual Exercise Shares Exercise
Prices Per Share (000) Life (Years) Price (000) Price
- ----------------- ------ ------------ --------- ------ ---------
$8.60 - $9.75 539 5.13 $ 9.45 539 $ 9.45
$11.46 - $11.46 10 5.46 11.46 10 11.46
$12.26 - $12.26 560 7.12 12.26 353 12.26
$12.38 - $12.38 375 4.16 12.38 375 12.38
$12.82 - $13.13 73 4.64 13.09 73 13.09
$13.26 - $13.26 400 6.95 13.26 400 13.26
$13.97 - $14.25 3 6.78 14.10 2 14.13
$14.38 - $14.38 400 5.95 14.38 400 14.38
$14.49 - $18.42 236 5.90 17.53 236 17.53
$18.51 - $25.12 1,112 7.45 19.73 476 19.78
$29.85 - $29.85 250 2.92 29.85 - -
----- ---- --------- ----- ---------
$8.60 - $29.85 3,958 6.14 $ 15.68 2,864 $ 13.88
===== ==== ========= ===== =========
Under the provisions of SFAS 123, as amended by SFAS 148, the Consolidated
Corporation is required to estimate on the date of grant the fair value of each
option using an option-pricing model. Accordingly, the Black-Scholes option
pricing model is used with the following weighted-average assumptions: dividend
yield of 1.8% (based upon the average of selected peer companies), expected
volatility ranging from 38.33% to 44.19% for 2005, 34.84% to 45.39% for 2004 and
52.81% for 2003, risk free interest rate ranging from 3.7% to 4.4% for 2005,
3.6% to 4.6% for 2004 and 3.81% for 2003, and expected life of five years for
2005, five to eight years for 2004 and eight years for 2003. During 2005 and
2004, the Consolidated Corporation, on a quarterly basis, reviewed and revised
the assumptions indicated above, thus resulting in the assumption ranges in 2005
and 2004. The additional amount of before-tax compensation expense that would
have been recognized in 2005, 2004 and 2003 was $5.5, $8.0 and $7.7,
respectively, had the Consolidated Corporation adopted the income statement
recognition requirements of SFAS 123.
In the proforma compensation expense presented, the Consolidated
Corporation has recognized compensation expense using the explicit vesting
period for employees who become eligible to retire prior to the end of the
stated vesting period. This accounting policy is required to be changed upon the
adoption of SFAS 123(R) for grants of stock-based compensation beginning January
1, 2006. The amount of additional before-tax compensation expense that would
have been recognized in 2005, 2004 and 2003 would be $4.8, $8.1 and $7.8,
respectively, had the Consolidated Corporation recognized compensation expense
using the required accounting policy under SFAS 123(R).
NOTE 6 -- REINSURANCE
A reconciliation of direct to net premiums, on both a written and earned basis
and a reconciliation of incurred losses is as follows:
Direct Assumed Ceded Net
-------- ------- ------- --------
2005
Premiums written $1,504.0 $ 26.0 $ (80.6) $1,449.4
Premiums earned 1,540.7 25.2 (112.3) 1,453.6
Losses incurred 845.8 79.8 (173.3) 752.3
2004
Premiums written $1,581.3 $ 23.1 $(150.5) $1,453.9
Premiums earned 1,570.6 21.4 (145.4) 1,446.6
Losses incurred 873.1 51.4 (146.9) 777.6
2003
Premiums written $1,570.4 $ 20.0 $(148.8) $1,441.6
Premiums earned 1,539.7 16.4 (131.7) 1,424.4
Losses incurred 1,039.1 38.0 (224.6) 852.5
The following components of the reinsurance recoverable asset at December
31, are:
2005 2004
------- -------
Reserve for unearned premiums $ 34.0 $ 65.6
Reserve for losses 634.3 529.9
Reserve for loss adjustment expenses 54.0 42.7
Allowance for reinsurance recoverable (3.7) (2.3)
Reinsurance recoveries on paid losses 23.2 30.6
------- -------
Reinsurance recoverable $ 741.8 $ 666.5
======= =======
NOTE 7 -- OTHER CONTINGENCIES AND COMMITMENTS
Annuities are purchased from other insurers to pay certain claim settlements.
These payments are made directly to the claimants; should such insurers be
unable to meet their obligations under the annuity contracts, the Group would be
liable to claimants for the remaining amount of annuities. The claim reserves
are presented net of the related annuities on the Consolidated Corporation's
consolidated balance sheets. The total amount of unpaid annuities was $18.3 and
$19.0 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
The Consolidated Corporation leases certain equipment and many of its
operating and office facilities for various terms under long-term, cancelable
and non-cancelable operating lease agreements. The leases expire at various
dates through 2011 and provide for renewal options ranging from one month to
five years. The facility leases provide for increases in future minimum annual
rental payments based on such measures as increases in operating expenses and
pre-negotiated rates. Also, certain facility agreements require the Consolidated
Corporation to pay executory costs
77
(utilities, real estate taxes, insurance and repairs). The equipment leases
generally require the Consolidated Corporation to pay personal property taxes as
determined by the local taxing authority. Lease expense and related items
totaled $5.8, $5.7 and $5.9 during 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
The following is a schedule by year of future minimum rental payments
required under the operating lease agreements:
Year Ending
December 31 Amount
- ------------ -------
2006 $ 5.4
2007 3.8
2008 2.8
2009 2.0
2010 and thereafter 1.0
-------
Total rental payments $ 15.0
=======
Total minimum lease payments do not include contingent rentals that may be
paid under certain leases. Contingent rental payments were not significant in
2005, 2004, or 2003.
In the fourth quarter of 2001, Ohio Casualty of New Jersey, Inc. (OCNJ)
entered into an agreement to transfer its obligations to renew private passenger
auto business in New Jersey to Proformance Insurance Company (Proformance). The
contract stipulated that a premiums-to-surplus ratio of 2.5 to 1 must be
maintained on the transferred business during the period March 2002 through
December 2004. If this criteria was not met, OCNJ would have to pay up to a
maximum cumulative amount of $15.6 to Proformance to maintain this
premiums-to-surplus ratio. Based on data provided by Proformance, OCNJ paid $6.8
in July 2004 to Proformance in settlement of this obligation through December
31, 2003. At December 31, 2004, based upon information provided by Proformance,
OCNJ had accrued $8.8 to cover this estimated additional liability. Late in the
first quarter of 2005, OCNJ, based on revised information provided by
Proformance subsequent to the Consolidated Corporation filing its 2004 Annual
Report on Form 10-K, reduced its estimated liability and related accrual to $4.4
at March 31, 2005. In June 2005, OCNJ reached a settlement with Proformance for
the final payment related to this obligation in the amount of $3.7 and in return
received from Proformance a release from any and all future obligations related
to this surplus guarantee. Accordingly, at December 31, 2005, no additional
amounts are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets pursuant to this surplus
guarantee. The total amount paid by OCNJ pursuant to the surplus guarantee was
$10.5, compared to the maximum cumulative exposure of $15.6.
A proceeding entitled Carol Murray v. the Corporation, the Company,
Avomark Insurance Company (Avomark), Ohio Security Insurance Company (Ohio
Security), West American Insurance Company (West American), American Fire and
Casualty Insurance Company (American Fire), and OCNJ was filed in the United
States District Court for the District of Columbia on February 5, 2004. A motion
to change venue was granted on May 25, 2004 with the proceeding assigned to the
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Eastern Division,
Columbus, Ohio. The plaintiff, a former automobile physical damage claim
adjuster, originally sought to certify a nationwide collective action consisting
of all current and former salaried employees since February 5, 2001 who are/were
employed to process claims by policyholders and other persons for automobile
property damage. The plaintiff also filed motions to expand the definition to
include claim specialists, representative trainees, and representatives
performing claims adjusting services. The complaint sought overtime compensation
for the plaintiff and the class of persons plaintiff sought to represent. The
U.S. District Court dismissed the complaint against Avomark, Ohio Security, West
American, American Fire, and OCNJ on September 27, 2005. The U.S. District Court
also granted the motion for summary judgment of the Corporation and the Company
on September 27, 2005. The proceeding was ordered closed with judgment in favor
of the defendants. The decision has been appealed by plaintiff to the U.S. Sixth
Circuit Court of Appeals.
A proceeding entitled Carol Lazarus v. the Group was brought against West
American in the Court of Common Pleas Cuyahoga County, Ohio on October 25, 1999.
The Court ordered the case to proceed solely against West American on July 10,
2003. The complaint alleges West American improperly charged for uninsured
motorists coverage following an October 1994 decision of the Supreme Court of
Ohio in Martin v. Midwestern Insurance Company. The Martin decision was
overruled legislatively in September 1997. West American filed a motion for
summary judgment on December 16, 2003. Plaintiff filed a motion for class
certification on February 23, 2004. West American has responded to the motion
for class certification stating the motion is untimely (filed more than four
years after the initial complaint) and that Carol Lazarus failed to provide
sufficient evidence to satisfy the requirements for class certification.
A proceeding entitled Douglas and Carla Scott v. the Company, West
American, American Fire, and Ohio Security was filed in the District Court of
Tulsa County, State of Oklahoma and served on January 3, 2005. The proceeding
challenges the use of a certain vendor in valuing total loss automobiles.
Plaintiff alleges that use of the database results in valuations to the
detriment of the insureds. Plaintiff is seeking class status and alleges breach
of contract, fraud and bad faith. The lawsuit is in its early stages and will be
vigorously defended.
In 2001, the Company, American Fire, West American, Ohio Security and OCNJ
sought refunds of retaliatory taxes paid to New Jersey in prior years on the
basis that New Jersey's calculation of premium and retaliatory taxes deprived
the Company, American Fire, West American, Ohio Security and OCNJ of some or all
of the benefit of New Jersey's premium tax cap. After the refund requests were
denied in a final determination issued by the New Jersey Division of Taxation in
July 2001, American Fire appealed to the New Jersey Tax Court and in December
2003, the court affirmed the determination. American Fire appealed to the
Superior Court of New Jersey; in March 2005, the court reversed the Tax Court,
and the Director of the Division of Taxation was ordered to recalculate the
retaliatory tax as proposed by American Fire. The New Jersey Division of
Taxation appealed the Superior Court decision to the New
78
Jersey Supreme Court and the case was argued in November 2005. No decision in
the Supreme Court case has been reached at this time. If American Fire is
successful in this matter, American Fire, as well as the Company, West American,
Ohio Security and OCNJ would expect to receive a refund of taxes previously
paid. At this time, American Fire is not able to reasonably predict the outcome
of this case and, therefore, no amounts have been recorded in the Consolidated
Financial Statements as of December 31, 2005.
The proceedings described above and various other legal and regulatory
proceedings are currently pending that involve the Consolidated Corporation and
specific aspects of the conduct of its business. The outcome of these
proceedings is currently unpredictable. However, at this time, based on their
present status, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate liability, if
any, in one or more of these proceedings in excess of amounts currently reserved
is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the financial condition,
liquidity or results of operation of the Consolidated Corporation.
NOTE 8 -- LOSSES AND LOSS RESERVES
The following table presents a reconciliation of liabilities for losses and LAE,
net of reinsurance:
2005 2004 2003
-------- -------- --------
Balance as of January 1, net of reinsurance recoverables
of $570.3, $496.5 and $354.4 $2,186.1 $2,131.3 $2,079.3
Incurred related to:
Current year 927.4 958.1 993.3
Prior years (20.1) (21.8) 34.1
-------- -------- --------
Total incurred 907.3 936.3 1,027.4
-------- -------- --------
Paid related to:
Current year 327.9 354.1 388.6
Prior years 503.3 527.4 586.8
-------- -------- --------
Total paid 831.2 881.5 975.4
-------- -------- --------
Balance as of December 31, net of reinsurance
recoverables of $684.6,$570.3 and $496.5 $2,262.2 $2,186.1 $2,131.3
======== ======== ========
Each quarter the Group records its best estimate of the liability for loss
and LAE reserves. However, because of the uncertainty inherent in the estimation
process, the estimate can change over time as new information is received.
The 2005 incurred loss and LAE for prior accident years was favorably
impacted by $20.1 which includes a $1.4 increase in allowance for uncollectible
reinsurance. This favorable development was concentrated in the personal auto
and homeowners product lines in the Personal Lines operating segment, commercial
umbrella product line in the Specialty Lines operating segment and commercial
auto in the Commercial Lines operating segment. This favorable development was
partially offset by adverse development in the workers' compensation product
line in the Commercial Lines operating segment. The 2004 incurred loss and LAE
was favorably impacted by $21.8. For the year 2004, this favorable development
was concentrated in the commercial automobile product line in the Commercial
Lines operating segment and commercial umbrella and bond product lines in the
Specialty Lines operating segment. The 2003 incurred loss and LAE for prior
accident years was negatively impacted by $34.1. For the year 2003, this
development was concentrated in the general liability, workers' compensation and
commercial multiple peril product lines of the Commercial Lines operating
segment and in the personal auto product line of the Personal Lines operating
segment.
The following table presents before-tax catastrophe losses incurred and
the respective impact on the loss ratio:
2005 2004 2003
----- ----- -----
Incurred losses $25.8 $43.5 $43.8
Loss ratio effect 1.8% 3.0% 3.1%
In 2005, 2004 and 2003 there were 23, 22 and 21 catastrophes,
respectively. The largest catastrophe, as measured in terms of incurred loss, in
each year was $11.2, $8.0 and $11.5, respectively. Additional catastrophes with
over $1.0 in incurred losses numbered five, ten and nine in 2005, 2004 and 2003,
respectively.
The effect of catastrophes on the Consolidated Corporation's results
cannot be accurately predicted. Consequently, severe weather events, acts of war
or terrorist activities could have a material adverse impact on the Consolidated
Corporation's results.
The Group has four categories of loss and LAE reserves that it considers
highly uncertain, and therefore could have a material impact on future financial
results. These are asbestos and environmental liability exposures, construction
defect exposures, workers' compensation and commercial umbrella exposures.
Loss and LAE reserves, net of reinsurance, for asbestos and environmental
exposure totaled $95.8 and $82.6 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Loss and allocated LAE reserves, net of reinsurance, for construction defect
exposure totaled $56.4 and $78.3 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Reserves, net of reinsurance, for loss and LAE related to workers' compensation
totaled $668.9 and $640.6 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Reserves,
net of reinsurance, for loss and LAE related to commercial umbrella totaled
$276.0 and $238.5 at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
79
NOTE 9 -- EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic and diluted earnings per share are summarized as follows:
2005 2004 2003
-------------- -------------- --------------
Net income $ 212.7 $ 128.4 $ 75.8
Average shares
outstanding - basic 63,450,123 61,509,128 60,848,718
Basic income per
average share $ 3.35 $ 2.09 $ 1.25
============== ============== ==============
Net income $ 212.7 $ 128.4 $ 75.8
Effect of EITF 04-8 on
net income using
"if-converted"
method 1.8 6.9 6.7
Adjusted net income
using "if-converted"
method $ 214.5 $ 135.3 $ 82.5
Average shares
outstanding - basic 63,450,123 61,509,128 60,848,718
Effect of dilutive
securities 1,284,146 1,152,349 477,974
Effect of EITF 04-8 2,460,156 8,847,042 8,897,504
-------------- -------------- --------------
Average shares
outstanding -
diluted 67,194,425 71,508,519 70,224,196
Diluted income per
average share $ 3.19 $ 1.89 $ 1.18
============== ============== ==============
At December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, stock options of 268,411, 351,418 and
1,485,388 were not included in earnings per share calculations for 2005, 2004
and 2003, respectively, as they were anti-dilutive. Stock options are considered
anti-dilutive under the "treasury stock method" when the average market price of
the stock for the year is less than the exercise price of the stock options.
In September 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
finalized Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 04-8, "The Effect of
Contingently Convertible Debt on Diluted Earnings per Share". The EITF was
effective for financial periods ending after December 15, 2004. Under this
guidance, the earnings per share treatment of those securities that contain a
contingent conversion feature require all of the shares underlying the
convertible security to be treated as outstanding using the "if-converted"
method for all periods presented. As a result of this EITF, the Consolidated
Corporation has included approximately 2.5 million, 8.9 million and 8.9 million
shares into its diluted earnings per share calculation using the "if-converted"
method for 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The decline in the number of
shares included in the diluted earnings per share calculation in 2005 resulted
from the redemption or conversion of the Convertible Notes. See Note 15 for
information regarding the Convertible Notes. As required by the EITF, earnings
per share amounts have been adjusted using the "if-converted" method. The
adoption of EITF 04-8 reduced previously reported diluted earnings per share by
$0.06 for the full year 2003.
NOTE 10 -- QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
2005 First Second Third Fourth
- ---- ----- ------ ----- ------
Premiums and
finance charges
earned $ 362.3 $ 365.5 $ 362.5 $ 363.3
Net investment
income 48.4 48.6 51.4 53.0
Investment gains
realized - 13.8 22.4 11.2
Net income 37.7 42.1 55.5 77.3
Basic net income
per share 0.60 0.66 0.86 1.22
Diluted net income
per share 0.55 0.63 0.85 1.19
2004 First Second Third Fourth
- ---- ----- ------ ----- ------
Premiums and
finance charges
earned $361.1 $367.2 $356.5 $361.8
Net investment
income 50.5 48.6 44.9 57.2
Investment gains
(losses) realized 3.7 3.2 (4.3) 20.4
Income before
cumulative
effect of an
accounting change 20.8 32.7 19.6 56.9
Net income 19.2 32.7 19.6 56.9
Basic income per
share before
cumulative
effect of an
accounting change 0.34 0.53 0.32 0.92
Basic net income
per share 0.31 0.53 0.32 0.92
Diluted net income
per share before
cumulative
effect of an
accounting change 0.34 0.52 0.31 0.90
Diluted net income
per share - as
reported 0.31 0.52 0.31 0.90
Effect of EITF 04-8 (0.04) (0.01) (0.08)
Diluted net income
per share - as
restated 0.31 0.48 0.30 0.82
The quarterly diluted earnings per share amounts have been restated for 2004 for
the adoption of EITF 04-8 as disclosed in Note 9. The sum of the quarterly
reported amounts may not equal the full year as each is computed independently.
NOTE 11 -- COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Comprehensive income consists of changes in unrealized gains (losses) on
securities and a minimum pension liability as detailed below:
2005 Gross Tax Net
- ---- ----- --- ---
Net income $ 280.7 $ 68.0 $212.7
Components of other
comprehensive income:
Change in unrealized
gains arising during the
period (89.2) (31.4) (57.8)
Reclassification
adjustment for gains
included in net income (35.4) (12.3) (23.1)
Minimum pension
liability (0.3) (0.1) (0.2)
------- ------ ------
Other comprehensive
income (124.9) (43.8) (81.1)
------- ------ ------
Comprehensive income $ 155.8 $ 24.2 $131.6
======= ====== ======
80
2004 Gross Tax Net
- ---- ----- --- ---
Net income $184.9 $56.5 $128.4
Components of other
comprehensive income:
Change in unrealized
gains arising during
the period 38.7 13.8 24.9
Reclassification
adjustment for gains
included in net income (33.8) (11.8) (22.0)
Minimum pension
liability 2.3 0.8 1.5
------ ----- ------
Other comprehensive
income 7.2 2.8 4.4
------ ----- ------
Comprehensive income $192.1 $59.3 $132.8
====== ===== ======
2003 Gross Tax Net
- ---- ----- --- ---
Net income $107.6 $ 31.8 $ 75.8
------ ------ ------
Components of other
comprehensive income:
Change in unrealized
gains arising during
the period 76.5 26.8 49.7
Reclassification
adjustment for gains
included in net income (34.3) (12.0) (22.3)
Minimum pension
liability (29.1) (10.2) (18.9)
------ ------ ------
Other comprehensive
income 13.1 4.6 8.5
------ ------ ------
Comprehensive income $120.7 $ 36.4 $ 84.3
====== ====== ======
NOTE 12 -- SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Consolidated Corporation has determined its reportable segments based upon
its method of internal reporting, which is organized by product line. The
property and casualty segments are Commercial, Specialty, and Personal Lines.
These segments generate revenues by selling a wide variety of commercial, surety
and personal insurance products. The Consolidated Corporation also has an All
Other segment which derives its revenues from investment income. The other
expenses included in this segment consist principally of costs related to the
retirement of the convertible debt and interest expense in 2005. In 2004 and
2003, the other expenses consist primarily of interest expense.
Each of the segments of the Consolidated Corporation is managed
separately. The property and casualty segments are managed by assessing the
performance and profitability of the segments through analysis of industry
financial measurements determined on a GAAP basis, which includes loss, loss
adjustment and underwriting expense ratios, combined ratio, premiums earned,
underwriting gain/loss and statutory premiums written. The following tables
present information by segment as it is reported internally to management. Asset
information by reportable segment is not reported, since the Consolidated
Corporation does not produce such information internally.
Commercial Lines Segment 2005 2004 2003
- ------------------------ ---- ---- ----
Net premiums written $823.5 $828.2 $ 792.6
% change (0.6)% 4.5% 4.0%
Net premiums earned 827.4 807.9 777.4
% change 2.4% 3.9% 7.1%
Underwriting loss (before
tax) (15.0) (5.0) (105.9)
Specialty Lines Segment 2005 2004 2003
- ----------------------- ---- ---- ----
Net premiums written $150.4 $135.5 $164.9
% change 11.0% (17.8)% (8.3)%
Net premiums earned 143.2 150.3 162.7
% change (4.7)% (7.6)% 2.6%
Underwriting gain (before
tax) 6.8 5.0 32.3
Personal Lines Segment 2005 2004 2003
- ---------------------- ---- ---- ----
Net premiums written $475.5 $490.2 $484.1
% change (3.0)% 1.3% (4.4)%
Net premiums earned 483.0 488.4 484.3
% change (1.1)% 0.8% (14.5)%
Underwriting gain/(loss)
(before tax) 92.5 5.5 (32.6)
Total Property & Casualty 2005 2004 2003
- ------------------------- ---- ---- ----
Net premiums written $1,449.4 $1,453.9 $1,441.6
% change (0.3)% 0.8% (0.5)%
Net premiums earned 1,453.6 1,446.6 1,424.4
% change 0.5% 1.5% (1.8)%
Underwriting gain/(loss)
(before tax) 84.3 5.5 (106.2)
All Other Segment 2005 2004 2003
- ----------------- ---- ---- ----
Revenues $ 26.6 $ 8.2 $ 4.8
Write-down and amortization
of agent relationships (12.3) (20.6) (18.7)
Other expenses (40.1) (22.6) (12.1)
------ ------- -------
Net loss before income tax $(25.8) $ (35.0) $ (26.0)
Reconciliation of Revenues 2005 2004 2003
- -------------------------- ---- ---- ----
Net premiums earned for
reportable segments $1,453.6 $1,446.6 $1,424.4
Net investment income 186.3 196.8 204.8
Realized gains, net 35.9 19.2 35.0
-------- -------- --------
Total property and casualty
revenues 1,675.8 1,662.6 1,664.2
All other segment revenues 26.6 8.2 4.8
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues $1,702.4 $1,670.8 $1,669.0
======== ======== ========
Reconciliation of Underwriting
Gain/(Loss) (before tax) 2005 2004 2003
------------------------ ---- ---- ----
Property and casualty
underwriting
gain/(loss) (before tax) $ 84.3 $ 5.5 $(106.2)
Net investment income 201.4 201.2 208.7
Realized gains, net 47.4 23.0 35.9
Write-down and amortization of
agent relationships (12.3) (20.6) (18.7)
Other expenses (40.1) (22.6) (12.1)
------ ------- -------
Income before income taxes
and cumulative effect of an
accounting change 280.7 186.5 107.6
------ ------- -------
Income tax expense 68.0 56.5 31.8
------ ------- -------
Income before cumulative
effect of an accounting
change 212.7 130.0 75.8
Cumulative effect of an
accounting change, net of tax - (1.6) -
------ ------- -------
Net income $212.7 $ 128.4 $ 75.8
====== ======= =======
Management of the Consolidated Corporation believes the significant
volatility of realized investment gains and losses limits the usefulness of net
income as a measure of current operating performance. Accordingly, management
uses the non-GAAP financial measure of operating income to further evaluate
current operating performance. Operating income is reconciled to net income in
the table below:
81
2005 2004 2003
---- ---- ----
Net income $212.7 $128.4 $75.8
After-tax net realized gains 41.6 14.9 23.3
Cumulative effect of accounting
change - (1.6) -
------ ------ -----
Operating income $171.1 $115.1 $52.5
====== ====== =====
NOTE 13 -- AGENT RELATIONSHIPS
The agent relationships asset is an identifiable intangible asset acquired in
connection with the GAI commercial lines acquisition. The Consolidated
Corporation follows the practice of allocating purchase price to specifically
identifiable intangible assets based on their estimated values as determined by
appropriate valuation methods. In the GAI acquisition, the purchase price was
allocated to agent relationships and deferred policy acquisition costs. Agent
relationships are evaluated quarterly as events or circumstances indicate a
possible inability to recover their carrying amount. As a result of the
evaluation, the agent relationship asset was written down before tax by $5.9,
$13.7 and $11.3 in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, for agency cancellations
and for certain agents determined to be impaired based on updated estimated
future undiscounted cash flows that were insufficient to recover the carrying
amount of the asset for the agent. The agent relationships asset balance was
$109.7 and $122.0, net of accumulated amortization of $45.5 and $41.4, at
December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. At December 31, 2005, the remaining
portion of the agent relationships asset will be amortized on a straight-line
basis over the remaining useful period of approximately 18 years.
Future cancellation of agents included in the agent relationships asset or
a diminution of certain former Great American agents' estimated future revenues
or profitability is likely to cause further impairment losses beyond the
quarterly amortization of the remaining asset value over the remaining useful
lives.
NOTE 14 -- STATUTORY ACCOUNTING INFORMATION
The following information has been prepared on the basis of statutory accounting
principles which differ from generally accepted accounting principles. The
principal differences relate to deferred policy acquisition costs, reinsurance,
assets not admitted for statutory reporting, agent relationships and the
treatment of deferred income taxes.
2005 2004 2003
---- ---- ----
Statutory net income $ 370.1 $163.7 $119.1
Statutory
policyholders'
surplus 1,004.5 972.0 867.6
The insurance industry is subject to regulation that differs by state. A
dramatic change in regulation in a given state may have a material adverse
impact on the Group and Consolidated Corporation.
The Company, domiciled in Ohio, prepares its statutory financial
statements in accordance with the accounting practices prescribed or permitted
by the Ohio Insurance Department. Prescribed statutory accounting practices
include a variety of publications of the National Association of Insurance
Commissioners (NAIC), as well as state laws, regulations and general
administrative rules. Permitted statutory accounting practices encompass all
accounting practices not so prescribed.
For statutory purposes, the agent relationships asset related to the GAI
acquisition was taken as a direct charge to surplus.
The NAIC has developed a "Risk-Based Capital" formula for property and
casualty insurers and life insurers. The formula is intended to measure the
adequacy of an insurer's capital given the asset and liability structure and
product mix of the company. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, all insurance
companies in the Group exceeded the necessary capital requirements.
The Corporation is dependent on dividend payments from its insurance
subsidiaries in order to meet operating expenses, debt obligations, repurchase
its common stock and to pay shareholder dividends. Insurance regulatory
authorities impose various restrictions and prior approval requirements on the
payment of dividends by insurance companies and holding companies. At December
31, 2005, approximately $415.0 of the Company's statutory surplus is not subject
to restriction or prior dividend approval requirements compared to approximately
$138.3 at December 31, 2004. Additional restrictions limiting the amount of
dividends paid by the Company to the Corporation may result from the minimum net
worth and surplus requirements in the credit agreement.
The Group paid dividends to policyholders of $1.2, $1.4 and $2.9 in 2005,
2004 and 2003, respectively.
NOTE 15 -- DEBT
The following table represents outstanding debt of the Consolidated Corporation
at December 31:
2005 2004
---- ----
Senior Debt (net of discount
and issuance costs of $2.3 and
$2.4, respectively) $197.7 $197.6
Convertible Debt (net of
issuance costs
of $0 and $6.3, respectively) - 182.5
Ohio Loan 2.7 3.2
------ ------
Total Debt $200.4 $383.3
====== ======
On March 19, 2002, the Corporation issued $201.3 aggregate principal
amount of 5.00% Convertible Notes due March 19, 2022 (Old Notes). On March 22,
2005 the Corporation exchanged $65.6 of its Old Notes for $65.6 of new 5.00%
Convertible Notes due March 19, 2022 (New Notes and collectively the Convertible
Notes). The only change in the New Notes was the incorporation of a net share
settlement feature. The Corporation paid a premium to the holders electing the
exchange to the New Notes. Also on this date, the Corporation announced its
intention to fully redeem before maturity the Convertible Notes at their regular
redemption price of 102% of the principal amount plus accrued interest to, but
excluding, the redemption date of May 2, 2005. In connection with this announced
redemption, holders of the Convertible Notes could elect to convert their
Convertible Notes into shares of the Corporation's common stock. Upon conversion
of the Old Notes, the Corporation delivered 44.2112 of its common stock for each
$1,000 principal amount of Old Notes surrendered for conversion. Upon conversion
of the New Notes, the Corporation paid the
82
principal amount in cash and any conversion consideration in excess of the
principal amount in the Corporation's common stock. The above transactions
impacted the Consolidated Corporation's results of operations and balance sheets
as follows:
2005 2004
Loss on Loss on
retirement of retirement of
Convertible Convertible
Debt Debt Impact
including including on
debt debt Share-
Old New conversion conversion holders'
Notes Notes expenses expenses Equity
------ ----- ------------- ------------- --------
Initial Issuance $201.3 $ - $ - $ - $ -
Repurchases in
unsolicited
negotiated
transactions (a) (52.8) - (2.5) (1.0) -
Impact of exchange
Offer and related
exchange premium (65.6) 65.6 (0.3) - -
Call Elections:
Cash redemption (b) (53.9) (55.0) (5.7) - -
Equity conversion (c) (29.0) (10.6) (0.5) - 28.5
------ ----- ------------- ------------- --------
Total $ - $ - $ (9.0) $ (1.0) $ 28.5
====== ===== ============= ============= ========
- -----------------
(a) These repurchases were completed in the following periods: $35.8 in the
second quarter of 2005, $4.5 in the first quarter of 2005 and $12.5 in the
fourth quarter of 2004. As a result of these repurchases, the Corporation
wrote off a proportionate amount of unamortized debt issuance costs of
$1.2 in the second quarter of 2005, $0.1 in the first quarter of 2005 and
$0.4 in the fourth quarter of 2004, which was included in the 2004 results
of operations. In addition, the Corporation paid a premium on the
repurchases of $0.8 in the second quarter of 2005, $0.4 in first quarter
2005 and $0.6 in the fourth quarter of 2004, which was also included in
the 2004 results of operations.
(b) In connection with the cash redemption, the Corporation paid a call
premium in the amount of $2.2 and wrote off the proportionate amount of
unamortized debt issuance costs in the amount of $3.5 in the second
quarter of 2005.
(c) In connection with the equity conversion, the Corporation issued 1,282,123
shares of its common stock for conversion of the Old Notes, issued 23,462
shares of its common stock for conversion of the New Notes, recognized
$0.5 in debt conversion expenses related to the New Notes, which
represents the conversion price of $22.62 multiplied by 23,462 shares
issued, and increased shareholders' equity by $28.5 in the second quarter
of 2005. The increase in shareholders' equity consists principally of the
conversion of the principal amount of Old Notes $(29.0) and accrued
interest through the date of conversion $(0.2) offset by the write-off of
the proportionate amount of unamortized debt issuance cost $(1.4).
On June 29, 2004, the Corporation issued $200.0 of 7.3% Senior Notes due
June 15, 2014 (Senior Notes) and received net proceeds after related fees and
discount of $198.0. The Corporation used a substantial portion of the net
proceeds to repurchase and redeem the Convertible Notes as discussed above.
Interest is payable on the Senior Notes on June 15 and December 15.
The Senior Notes are reported on the consolidated balance sheets net of
unamortized issuance-related costs and discount totaling $2.3 at December 31,
2005. The Convertible Notes and Senior Notes were reported on the consolidated
balance sheets net of unamortized issuance-related costs and discount totaling
$8.7 ($6.3 related to the Convertible Notes and $2.4 related to the Senior
Notes) at December 31, 2004. The Corporation uses the effective interest rate
method to record interest expense, amortization of issuance-related costs and
amortization of the discount.
On July 31, 2002, the Corporation entered into a revolving credit
agreement with an expiration date of March 15, 2005. In February 2005, the
revolving credit agreement was renewed, under substantially the same terms and
conditions and was due to expire on March 15, 2006. Under the terms of the
revolving credit agreement, the lenders agreed to make loans to the Corporation
in an aggregate amount up to $80.0 for general corporate purposes. Interest is
payable in arrears, and the interest rate on borrowings under the revolving
credit agreement is based on a margin over LIBOR or the LaSalle Bank Prime Rate,
at the option of the Corporation. The agreement requires the Corporation to
maintain minimum net worth of $800.0. The revolving credit agreement also
includes a minimum statutory surplus for the Company of $650.0. Additionally,
other financial covenants and other customary provisions, as defined in the
agreement, exist. At December 31, 2005, the Corporation was in compliance with
all financial covenants and other provisions. There were no borrowings
outstanding under the revolving line of credit at December 31, 2005 and 2004,
respectively.
In February 2006, the $80.0 revolver was terminated by the Corporation. On
February 16, 2006, the Corporation entered into a new revolving credit agreement
with an expiration date of March 16, 2011. Under the terms of the new revolving
credit agreement, the lenders agreed to make loans to the Corporation in an
aggregate amount up to $125.0 for general corporate purposes. Additionally, the
new revolving credit agreement contains a $50.0 "accordion feature" and
provision for the issuance of letters of credit up to the amount of the total
facility. The accordion feature permits the Corporation to increase the facility
commitment from $125.0 to $175.0 subject only to a successful syndication of the
requested increase. Interest is payable in arrears, and the interest rate on
borrowings under the new revolving credit agreement is based on a margin over
LIBOR or the LaSalle Bank Prime Rate, at the option of the Corporation. The
Corporation is obligated to pay agency fees and facility fees of $0.2 annually.
The new revolving credit agreement requires the Corporation to maintain minimum
net worth of $1,000.0. The new revolving credit agreement also includes a
maximum ratio of total debt to total capitalization of 35%. Additionally, other
financial and other customary provisions, as defined in the agreement, exist.
Interest expense incurred for the years ending December 31, 2005, 2004 and
2003 was $17.7, $17.5 and $10.1, respectively. The increase in interest expense
incurred during 2005 and 2004 is related to the issuance of the Senior Notes on
June 24, 2004.
83
NOTE 16 -- SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS PLAN
In February 1998, the Board of Directors adopted an amended and restated
Shareholders Rights Agreement (the Agreement). The Agreement is designed to
deter coercive or unfair takeover tactics and to prevent a person(s) from
gaining control of the Corporation without offering a fair price to all
shareholders.
Under the terms of the Agreement, each outstanding common share is
associated with one half of one common share purchase right, expiring in 2009.
Currently, each whole right, when exercisable, entitles the registered holder to
purchase one common share of the Corporation at a purchase price of $125 per
share.
The rights become exercisable for a 60 day period commencing eleven
business days after a public announcement that a person or group has acquired
shares representing 20 percent or more of the outstanding shares of common
stock, without the prior approval of the Board of Directors; or eleven business
days following commencement of a tender or exchange of 20 percent or more of
such outstanding shares of common stock.
If after the rights become exercisable, the Corporation is involved in a
merger, other business consolidation or 50 percent or more of the assets or
earning power of the Corporation is sold, the rights will then entitle the
rightholders, upon exercise of the rights, to receive shares of common stock of
the acquiring company with a market value equal to twice the exercise price of
each right.
The Corporation can redeem the rights for $0.01 per right at any time
prior to becoming exercisable.
NOTE 17 -- VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY
The Consolidated Corporation currently holds an equity investment in APM Spring
Grove, Inc. (APM), which was deemed a variable interest entity in accordance
with FASB Interpretation No. 46 - Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
(FIN 46). As a result, APM was consolidated into the Consolidated Corporation's
financial statements effective January 1, 2004, in accordance with the
provisions of FIN 46, which resulted in a $1.6 (net of tax) loss due to a
cumulative effect of an accounting change. The investment relates to an
agreement in 1984, which created APM, whose largest asset is an office building
located in Cincinnati, Ohio. APM's only source of revenue is derived from
leasing the office building. The rental income on the office building is used by
APM to repay principal and interest on bonds owned by the Consolidated
Corporation that were issued to purchase the building. The Consolidated
Corporation's maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with APM
is $2.6. As of December 31, 2005, APM had total assets and total liabilities of
$0.7 and $1.6, respectively, compared to total assets and total liabilities of
$0.7 and $2.1, respectively, as of December 31, 2004.
NOTE 18 -- SHARE REPURCHASES
During 2005, the Corporation's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of
up to four million shares of common stock of the Corporation to be made in the
open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The Corporation has
repurchased 1,516,105 shares of its common stock at an average cost of $26.04
during 2005. The number of shares that remain authorized for repurchase is
2,483,895 at December 31, 2005.
NOTE 19 -- RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In December 2004, the FASB finalized SFAS 123(R), "Share-Based Payment." On
April 14, 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced a
phased-in implementation process that would allow the Consolidated Corporation
to defer the implementation of the statement no later than the beginning of the
first fiscal year beginning after June 15, 2005. For the Consolidated
Corporation this would mean January 1, 2006. SFAS 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion
No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and amends SFAS No. 95,
"Statement of Cash Flows." SFAS 123(R) requires all share-based payments to
employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized as
compensation expense in the income statement at fair value. Pro forma disclosure
is no longer an alternative. The Consolidated Corporation adopted the provisions
of SFAS 123(R) effective January 1, 2006.
SFAS 123(R) permits public companies to adopt its requirements using one
of two methods: (1) modified prospective or (2) modified retrospective. The
Consolidated Corporation adopted using the modified prospective method in which
compensation expense is recognized (a) based on the requirements of SFAS 123(R)
for all share-based payments granted after the January 1, 2006 and (b) based on
the requirements of SFAS 123 for all awards granted to employees prior to
January 1, 2006 that remain unvested on that date.
The adoption of SFAS 123(R) fair value method is expected to increase the
Consolidated Corporation's compensation expense by approximately $3.0 to $5.0 in
2006. This impact could change materially from this estimate based upon the
Consolidated Corporation's use of equity-based awards granted in the future. Had
the Consolidated Corporation adopted SFAS 123(R) in prior periods, the impact of
that standard would have approximated the impact of SFAS 123 as described in the
disclosure of pro forma net income and earnings per share in Note 1M.
SFAS 123(R) also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of
recognized compensation expense to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather
than as an operating cash flow as required under current accounting literature.
This requirement will reduce net operating cash flows and increase net financing
cash flows in periods after the adoption.
84
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS, OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ohio Casualty
Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the related
consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005. Our audits also
included the financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a).
These financial statements and schedules are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements and schedules based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Ohio Casualty
Corporation and subsidiaries at December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the consolidated
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2005, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement
schedules, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken
as a whole, present fairly in all material respects the information set forth
therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of Ohio Casualty
Corporation's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005,
based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by
the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our
report dated February 24, 2006, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Cincinnati, Ohio
February 24, 2006
85
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS, OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION
We have audited management's assessment, included in the accompanying
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, that Ohio
Casualty Corporation maintained effective internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on criteria established in Internal
Control -- Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Ohio Casualty
Corporation's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal
control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on management's assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the
company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective
internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over
financial reporting, evaluating management's assessment, testing and evaluating
the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such
other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to
the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's
assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting
may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, management's assessment that Ohio Casualty Corporation
maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December
31, 2005, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the COSO
criteria. Also, in our opinion, Ohio Casualty Corporation maintained, in all
material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2005, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of
Ohio Casualty Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2005 and 2004, and
the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity, and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2005 and our
report dated February 24, 2006, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Cincinnati, Ohio
February 24, 2006
86
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION
(Registrant)
March 7, 2006 By: /s/ Dan R. Carmichael
------------------------------------
Dan R. Carmichael
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report
has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
March 7, 2006 /s/ Stanley N. Pontius
-----------------------------------------------------------
Stanley N. Pontius, Lead Director
March 7, 2006 /s/ Dan R. Carmichael
-----------------------------------------------------------
Dan R. Carmichael, Chief Executive Officer and Director
March 7, 2006 /s/ Terrence J. Baehr
-----------------------------------------------------------
Terrence J. Baehr, Director
March 7, 2006 /s/ Jack E. Brown
-----------------------------------------------------------
Jack E. Brown, Director
March 7, 2006 /s/ Catherine E. Dolan
-----------------------------------------------------------
Catherine E. Dolan, Director
March 7, 2006 /s/ Philip G. Heasley
-----------------------------------------------------------
Philip G. Heasley, Director
March 7, 2006 /s/ Robert A. Oakley
-----------------------------------------------------------
Robert A. Oakley, Director
March 7, 2006 /s/ Jan H. Suwinski
-----------------------------------------------------------
Jan H. Suwinski, Director
March 7, 2006 /s/ Michael L. Wright
-----------------------------------------------------------
Michael L. Wright, Director
March 7, 2006 /s/ Michael A. Winner
-----------------------------------------------------------
Michael A. Winner, Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial and Accounting Officer
87
Schedule I
Ohio Casualty Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Summary of Investments
Other than Investments in Related Parties
(In millions)
December 31, 2005
Amount shown
Type of investment Cost Value in balance sheet
- ------------------ -------- -------- ----------------
Fixed income securities: Available-for-sale
U.S. Government $ 25.8 $ 25.9 $ 25.9
States, municipalities and
political subdivisions 1,269.7 1,277.4 1,277.4
Corporate securities 1,554.5 1,620.9 1,620.9
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government guaranteed 33.5 33.2 33.2
Other 570.0 570.3 570.3
-------- -------- ----------
Total fixed income securities
Available-for-sale 3,453.5 3,527.7 3,527.7
Fixed income securities: Held-to-maturity
Corporate securities 160.1 157.9 160.1
Mortgage-backed securities:
Other 104.3 102.6 104.3
-------- -------- ----------
Total fixed income securities
Held-to-maturity 264.4 260.5 264.4
Equity securities:
Common stocks:
Banks, trust and insurance
companies 45.2 113.8 113.8
Industrial, miscellaneous and
all other 99.0 261.3 261.3
-------- -------- ----------
Total equity securities 144.2 375.1 375.1
Cash and cash equivalents 54.5 54.5 54.5
-------- -------- ----------
Total investments, cash
and cash equivalents $3,916.6 $4,217.8 $ 4,221.7
======== ======== ==========
88
Schedule II
Ohio Casualty Corporation
Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
(In millions)
2005 2004
----------- ----------
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEET:
Investment in wholly-owned
subsidiaries, at equity $ 1,354.4 $ 1,342.2
Investment in fixed income and equity
securities, at fair value 241.4 133.2
Cash and other assets 33.0 209.6
----------- ----------
Total assets 1,628.8 1,685.0
Notes payable 200.4 383.3
Other liabilities 2.0 6.8
----------- ----------
Total liabilities 202.4 390.1
----------- ----------
Shareholders' equity $ 1,426.4 $ 1,294.9
=========== ==========
2003
---------
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF INCOME:
Dividends from subsidiaries $ 138.3 $ 86.7 $ -
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries 83.3 52.0 79.8
Net operating expenses (8.9) (10.3) (4.0)
----------- ---------- ---------
Net income $ 212.7 $ 128.4 $ 75.8
=========== ========== =========
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS:
Operating activities:
Net distributed income (loss) $ 129.4 $ 76.4 $ (4.0)
Other 18.9 2.7 5.4
----------- ---------- ---------
Net cash provided by operating activities 148.3 79.1 1.4
Investing activities:
Purchase of fixed income and equity securities (207.8) (134.2) (29.1)
Sales of fixed income and equity securities 78.9 45.5 26.1
----------- ---------- ---------
Net cash used in investing activities (128.9) (88.7) (3.0)
Financing activities:
Debt:
Proceeds from the issuance of senior notes - 199.3 -
Repayments (160.3) (13.0) (0.6)
Payment for issuance costs - (1.3) -
Loss on retirement of convertible debt,
including conversion expense (3.6) - -
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
and stock purchase plan 15.8 15.1 2.2
Repurchase of treasury stock (38.9) - -
Dividends paid to shareholders (11.5) - -
----------- ---------- ---------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing
activities (198.5) 200.1 1.6
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (179.1) 190.5 -
----------- ---------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 190.9 0.4 0.4
----------- ---------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 11.8 $ 190.9 $ 0.4
=========== ========== =========
89
Schedule III
Ohio Casualty Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Supplementary Insurance Information
(In millions)
December 31, 2005
Amortization
Deferred Reserves for Losses of deferred
policy unpaid Net and loss policy General Net
acquisition losses and Unearned Earned investment expenses acquisition operating Premiums
costs loss expenses premiums premiums income incurred costs expenses (1) written
----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- ------------ ------------ --------
Segment
- -------
Property and
casualty insurance:
Underwriting
Commercial Lines $ 97.3 $ 1,814.6 $ 393.5 $ 827.4 $ - $ 566.9 $ 197.0 $ 78.6 $ 823.5
Specialty Lines 20.2 743.9 110.8 143.2 - 73.5 44.3 18.4 150.4
Personal Lines 36.2 388.3 175.3 483.0 - 266.9 97.0 26.7 475.5
Investment - - - - 186.3 - - - -
----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- ------------ ------------ --------
Total property and
casualty insurance 153.7 2,946.8 679.6 1,453.6 186.3 907.3 338.3 123.7 1,449.4
Corporation - - - - 15.1 - - 52.4 -
----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- ------------ ------------ --------
Total $ 153.7 $ 2,946.8 $ 679.6 $1,453.6 $ 201.4 $ 907.3 $ 338.3 $ 176.1 $1,449.4
=========== ============= ======== ========= ========== ======== ============ ============ ========
1. The principal portion of general operating expenses has been directly
attributed to business segment classifications incurring such expenses
with the remainder allocated based on premium revenue. Amortization and
impairment write-downs of the agent relationships asset are classified as
corporate expenses as management believes these costs do not reflect
current underwriting profitability.
90
Schedule III
Ohio Casualty Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Supplementary Insurance Information
(In millions)
December 31, 2004
Amortization
Deferred Reserves for Losses of deferred
policy unpaid Net and loss policy General Net
acquisition losses and Unearned Earned investment expenses acquisition operating Premiums
costs loss expenses premiums premiums income incurred costs expenses (1) written
----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- ------------ ------------ --------
Segment
- -------
Property and
casualty insurance:
Underwriting
Commercial Lines $ 98.9 $ 1,670.8 $ 404.6 $ 807.9 $ - $ 527.1 $ 206.7 $ 80.5 $ 828.2
Specialty Lines 24.4 656.4 127.4 150.3 - 71.3 57.0 16.3 135.5
Personal Lines 36.5 429.2 183.5 488.4 - 337.9 101.5 42.8 490.2
Investment - - - - 196.8 - - - -
----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- ------------ ------------ --------
Total property and
casualty insurance 159.8 2,756.4 715.5 1,446.6 196.8 936.3 365.2 139.6 1,453.9
Corporation - - - - 4.4 - - 43.2 -
----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- ------------ ------------ --------
Total $ 159.8 $ 2,756.4 $ 715.5 $1,446.6 $ 201.2 $ 936.3 $ 365.2 $ 182.8 $1,453.9
=========== ============= ======== ========= ========== ======== ============ ============ ========
1. The principal portion of general operating expenses has been directly
attributed to business segment classifications incurring such expenses
with the remainder allocated based on premium revenue. Amortization and
impairment write-downs of the agent relationships asset are classified as
corporate expenses as management believes these costs do not reflect
current underwriting profitability.
91
Schedule III
Ohio Casualty Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Supplementary Insurance Information
(In millions)
December 31, 2003
Amortization
Deferred Reserves for Losses of deferred
policy unpaid Net and loss policy General Net
acquisition losses and Unearned Earned investment expenses acquisition operating Premiums
costs loss expenses premiums premiums income incurred costs expenses (1) written
----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- ------------ ------------ --------
Segment
- -------
Property and
casualty insurance:
Underwriting
Commercial Lines $ 100.7 $ 1,661.2 $ 385.3 $ 777.4 $ - $ 591.7 $ 212.6 $ 80.2 $ 792.6
Specialty Lines 30.2 512.5 135.8 162.7 - 55.3 62.8 11.9 164.9
Personal Lines 38.4 454.1 181.9 484.3 - 380.4 108.6 27.1 484.1
Investment - - - - 204.8 - - - -
----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- ------------ ------------ --------
Total property and
casualty insurance 169.3 2,627.8 703.0 1,424.4 204.8 1,027.4 384.0 119.2 1,441.6
Corporation - - - - 3.9 - - 30.8 -
----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- ------------ ------------ --------
Total $ 169.3 $ 2,627.8 $ 703.0 $1,424.4 $ 208.7 $1,027.4 $ 384.0 $ 150.0 $1,441.6
=========== ============= ======== ========= ========== ======== ============ ============ ========
1. The principal portion of general operating expenses has been directly
attributed to business segment classifications incurring such expenses
with the remainder allocated based on premium revenue. Amortization and
impairment write-downs of the agent relationships asset are classified as
corporate expenses as management believes these costs do not reflect
current underwriting profitability.
92
Schedule IV
Ohio Casualty Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Reinsurance
(In millions)
December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003
Percent of
amount
Ceded to Assumed assumed
Gross other from other Net to net
amount companies companies amount amount
----------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
Year Ended December 31, 2005
Premiums written
----------------
Property and casualty insurance $ 1,503.9 $ 80.5 $ 26.0 $ 1,449.4 1.8%
Accident and health insurance 0.1 0.1 - - -
---------- --------- ---------- ---------
Total premiums written 1,504.0 80.6 26.0 1,449.4 1.8%
Change in unearned premiums and finance charges 4.2
---------
Total premiums and finance charges earned $ 1,453.6
=========
Year Ended December 31, 2004
Premiums written
----------------
Property and casualty insurance $ 1,581.2 $ 150.4 $ 23.1 $ 1,453.9 1.6%
Accident and health insurance 0.1 0.1 - - -
---------- --------- ---------- ---------
Total premiums written 1,581.3 150.5 23.1 1,453.9 1.6%
Change in unearned premiums and finance charges (7.3)
---------
Total premiums and finance charges earned $ 1,446.6
=========
Year Ended December 31, 2003
Premiums written
----------------
Property and casualty insurance $ 1,570.3 $ 148.7 $ 20.0 $ 1,441.6 1.4%
Accident and health insurance 0.1 0.1 - - -
---------- --------- ---------- ---------
Total premiums written 1,570.4 148.8 20.0 1,441.6 1.4%
Change in unearned premiums and finance charges (17.2)
---------
Total premiums and finance charges earned $ 1,424.4
=========
93
Schedule V
Ohio Casualty Corporation and Subsidiaries
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(in millions)
Balance at Balance at
beginning Charged to end of
of period expenses period
Year ended December 31, 2005
Reserve for bad debt $4.3 ($0.1) $4.2
Reserve for uncollectible
reinsurance recoverable 2.3 1.4 3.7
Year ended December 31, 2004
Reserve for bad debt $4.2 $0.1 $4.3
Reserve for uncollectible
reinsurance recoverable 2.4 (0.1) 2.3
Year ended December 31, 2003
Reserve for bad debt $4.3 ($0.1) $4.2
Reserve for uncollectible
reinsurance recoverable 0.5 1.9 2.4
94
Schedule VI
Ohio Casualty Corporation and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Supplemental Information Concerning Property
and Casualty Insurance Operations
(In millions)
Claims and claim
Reserves for adjustment expenses Amortization
Deferred unpaid claims incurred related to of deferred
policy and claim Net ------------------- policy
Affiliation with acquisition adjustment Unearned Earned investment Current Prior acquisition
registrant costs expenses premiums premiums income year years costs
- ---------------------- ----------- ------------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- --------- ------------
Property and casualty
subsidiaries
Year ended December 31,
2005 $ 153.7 $ 2,946.8 $ 679.6 $1,453.6 $ 186.3 $ 927.4 $ (20.1) $ 338.3
=========== ============= ======== ======== ========== ======== ======== ============
Year ended December 31,
2004 $ 159.8 $ 2,756.4 $ 715.5 $1,446.6 $ 196.8 $ 958.1 $ (21.8) $ 365.2
=========== ============= ======== ======== ========== ======== ======== ============
Year ended December 31,
2003 $ 169.3 $ 2,627.8 $ 703.0 $1,424.4 $ 204.8 $ 993.3 $ 34.1 $ 384.0
=========== ============= ======== ======== ========== ======== ======== ============
Paid
claims
and claim Net
Affiliation with adjustment Premiums
registrant expenses written
- ---------------------- ---------- --------
Property and casualty
subsidiaries
Year ended December 31,
2005 $ 831.2 $1,449.4
========== ========
Year ended December 31,
2004 $ 881.5 $1,453.9
========== ========
Year ended December 31,
2003 $ 975.4 $1,441.6
========== ========
95
FORM 10-K
OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit 3(i) Amended Articles of Incorporation of the Company,
reflecting amendments through May 10, 2000
Exhibit 21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Exhibit 23 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to
incorporation of their opinion by reference in Registration
Statements on Forms S-3 (Nos. 333-29483 and 333-105092) and
Form S-8 (Nos. 333-42944, 333-73738, 333-88398, 333-91906 and
333-125093)
Exhibit 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Ohio Casualty
Corporation in accordance with SEC Rule
13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a)
Exhibit 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Ohio Casualty
Corporation in accordance with SEC Rule
13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a)
Exhibit 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Ohio Casualty
Corporation in accordance with Section 1350 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Ohio Casualty
Corporation in accordance with Section 1350 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibits incorporated by reference:
Exhibit 3(ii) Code of Regulations, as amended, filed as Exhibit 99 to
the Registrant's SEC Form 8-K filed on August 2, 2005
Exhibit 4b First amendment to the Amended and Restated Rights
Agreement dated as of February 19, 1998, signed November 8,
2001, filed as Exhibit 4b to the Registrant's SEC Form 10-K on
March 5, 2002
Exhibit 4e Ohio Casualty Corporation's Registration Statement for
Universal Shelf filed on Form S-3 (333-105092) on May 8, 2003
Exhibit 4f First Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 29, 2004,
between Ohio Casualty Corporation and Citibank, N.A. as
trustee, relating to the Senior Notes, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to
the Registrant's SEC Form 8-K on June 30, 2004
Exhibit 10.1 Employment Agreement with Dan R. Carmichael dated
December 1, 2005 filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's SEC
Form 8-K on December 5, 2005
Exhibit 10.2 Restricted Stock Award Agreement entered into between the
Registrant and Dan R. Carmichael, filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the
Registrant's Form 8-K on December 5, 2005
Exhibit 10.3 Freestanding Stock Appreciation Agreement entered into
between the Registrant and Dan R. Carmichael, filed as Exhibit
10.3 to the Registrant's Form 8-K on December 5, 2005
Exhibit 10.4d Change in Control Agreement entered into between the
Registrant and Dan R. Carmichael, filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the
Registrant's Form 8-K on December 5, 2005
Exhibit 10.5e Separation Agreement with Donald F. McKee dated May 10,
2004, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's SEC Form 8-K
on May 10, 2004
Exhibit 10.6 Agreement and General Release with Elizabeth M. Riczko
dated June 3, 2005, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's
SEC Form 8-K on June 3, 2005
96
FORM 10-K
OHIO CASUALTY CORPORATION
INDEX TO EXHIBITS, CONTINUED
Exhibit 10.7 Stock Option Agreement for Directors' year 2000 grant,
filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's SEC Form 10-Q on May
15, 2000
Exhibit 10.8 Replacement carrier agreement between Ohio Casualty of
New Jersey, Inc. and Proformance Insurance Company and its
parent, National Atlantic Holdings Corporation, filed as
Exhibit 10k to the Registrant's SEC Form 10-K on March 5, 2002
Exhibit 10.9 Ohio Casualty Corporation 2002 Stock Incentive Program,
filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's SEC Form 10-Q on May
14, 2002
Exhibit 10.10 Ohio Casualty Corporation 2005 Incentive Plan, filed as
Exhibit 99 to the Registrant's Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2005
Exhibit 10.11 Credit Agreement dated as of February 16, 2006 between
Ohio Casualty Corporation and LaSalle Bank National
Association as Agent as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's SEC
Form 8-K filed on February 17, 2006
Exhibit 10.12 Amended and Restated Ohio Casualty Corporation
Director's Deferred Compensation Plan filed as Exhibit 10.1 to
the Registrant's SEC Form 10-K on March 27, 2003
Exhibit 10.13 The Ohio Casualty Insurance Company Excess Benefit Plan
filed as Exhibit 99 to the Registrant's SEC Form 8-K on
January 3, 2006
Exhibit 10.14 The Ohio Casualty Insurance Company 2005 Officer Annual
Incentive Program files as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's
SEC Form 8-K filed on March 1, 2005
Exhibit 10.15 The Ohio Casualty Insurance Company 2006 Officer Annual
Incentive Program filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's
SEC Form 8-K on February 23, 2006
Exhibit 10.16 The Ohio Casualty Insurance Company 2006 Officer
Long-Term Incentive Award agreement filed as Exhibit 10.2 to
the Registrant's SEC Form 8-K on February 23, 2006
Exhibit 10.17 The Ohio Casualty Insurance Company 2003 Executive
Management Team Annual Incentive Program filed as Exhibit 10
to the Registrant's SEC Form 10-Q on August 3, 2004
Exhibit 10.18 The Ohio Casualty Insurance Company Benefit Equalization
Plan filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's SEC Form 10-K
on March 27, 2003
Exhibit 10.19 The Ohio Casualty Insurance Company Deferred
Compensation Plan (Dan R. Carmichael) filed as Exhibit 10.5 to
the Registrant's SEC Form 10-K on March 27, 2003
Exhibit 10.20 Form of Amended Change in Control Agreement entered into
between the Registrant and each of the following executive
officers: John S. Busby, Debra K. Crane, Paul J. Gerard, Ralph
G. Goode, John S. Kellington, Thomas E. Schadler, Lynn C.
Schoel and Michael A. Winner filed as Exhibit 1e to the
Registrant's SEC Form 10-K on March 12, 2004
Exhibit 10.21 Ohio Casualty Corporation Agent Share Plan on Form S-3
(333-29483) filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's SEC Form
10-K on March 12, 2004
97