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                                 EXHIBIT 4(c)
                                 ------------

      Amended Articles of Incorporation, as amended, of the Registrant





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                                   CERTIFICATE
                                       OF
                        AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                           THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION



          PETER B. LEWIS, Chairman of the Board, and DAVID M. SCHNEIDER,
Secretary, of The Progressive Corporation, an Ohio corporation (the
"Corporation"), with its principal office at Mayfield Village, Cuyahoga County,
Ohio, do hereby certify that on April 20, 1984, in order to consolidate the
Corporation's existing Articles of Incorporation and all previously adopted
amendments thereto that were in force at that time, the directors of the
Corporation, at a meeting duly called and held, duly adopted, pursuant to the
authority of Ohio Code Section 1701.72(B), the Amended Articles of Incorporation
attached hereto as Exhibit I, to supersede and take the place of the existing
Articles of Incorporation and all amendments thereto. A true and correct copy of
the resolution as adopted by the directors of the Corporation is attached hereto
as Exhibit II.

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said PETER B. LEWIS, Chairman of the Board, and
DAVID M. SCHNEIDER, Secretary, of The Progressive Corporation, acting for and in
behalf of said Corporation, have hereunto subscribed their names this 20th day
of April, 1984.


                                     /s/ Peter B. Lewis
                                     --------------------------------------
                                     Peter B. Lewis, Chairman of the Board

                                     /s/ David M. Schneider
                                     --------------------------------------
                                     David M. Schneider, Secretary

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                                    EXHIBIT I

                        AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                           THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION

          FIRST: The name of said corporation shall be THE PROGRESSIVE
CORPORATION.

          SECOND: The place in the State of Ohio where its principal office is
to be located is Mayfield Village, Cuyahoga County.

          THIRD: The purpose of the corporation is to engage in any lawful act
or activity for which corporations may be formed under Sections 1701.01 to
1701.98, inclusive, of the Ohio Revised Code.

          FOURTH: SECTION 1. AUTHORIZED SHARES. The aggregate number of shares
which the corporation shall have authority to issue is 22,000,000 shares,
consisting of 2,000,000 Non-Voting Preferred Shares, without par value, and
20,000,000 Common Shares, $1.00 par value.

          SECTION 2. ISSUANCE OF PREFERRED SHARES. The Board of Directors is
authorized at any time, and from time to time, to provide for the issuance of
Non-Voting Preferred Shares in one or more series, and to determine the
designations, preferences, limitations and relative or other rights of the
Non-Voting Preferred Shares or any series thereof. For each series, the Board of
Directors shall determine, by resolution or resolutions adopted prior to the
issuance of any shares thereof, the designations, preferences, limitations and
relative or other rights thereof, including but not limited to the following
relative rights and preferences, as to which there may be variations among
different series:

          A.   the division of such shares into series and the designation and
               authorized number of shares of each series,

          B.   the dividend rate,

          C.   the dates of payment of dividends and the dates from which they
               are cumulative,

          D.   liquidation price,

          E.   redemption rights and price,

          F.   sinking fund requirements,
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          G.   conversion rights, and

          H.   restrictions on the issuance of such shares.

          Prior to the issuance of any shares of a series, but after adoption by
the Board of Directors of the resolution establishing such series, the
appropriate officers of the corporation shall file such documents with the State
of Ohio as may be required by law including, without limitation, an amendment to
these Articles of Incorporation.

          SECTION 3. COMMON SHARES. Each Common Share shall entitle the holder
thereof to one vote, in person or by proxy, at any and all meetings of the
shareholders of the corporation, on all meetings of the shareholders of the
corporation, on all propositions before such meetings. Each Common Share shall
be entitled to participate equally in such dividends as may be declared by the
Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor, and to participate
equally in all distributions of assets upon liquidation.

          FIFTH: No holder of shares of the corporation of any class shall be
entitled as such, as a matter of right, to subscribe for or purchase shares of
any class, now or hereafter authorized, or to subscribe for or purchase
securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of the corporation or to
which shall be attached or appertain any warrants or rights entitling the holder
thereof to subscribe for or purchase shares, except such rights of subscription
or purchase, if any, for such considerations and upon such terms and conditions
as its Board of Directors from time to time may determine.

          SIXTH: Except as otherwise provided in these Articles of Incorporation
or the Code of Regulations of the corporation, notwithstanding any provisions in
Sections 1701.01 to 1701.98, inclusive, of the Ohio Revised Code, now or
hereafter in effect, requiring for any purpose the vote, consent, waiver or
release of the holders of a designated proportion (but less than all) of the
share of the corporation or any of particular class or classes of shares, as the
case may be, the vote, consent, waiver or release of the holders of shares
entitling them to exercise a majority of the voting power of the shares of the
corporation or of any class or classes of shares, as the case may be, shall be
required and sufficient for any such purpose, except that the affirmative vote
of the holders of record of 75 percent of the shares having voting power with
respect to any such proposal shall be required to amend, alter, change or repeal
Article NINTH of these Articles or the provisions of this Article SIXTH dealing
with the amendment, alteration, change or repeal of Article NINTH.

          SEVENTH: To the extent permitted by law, the corporation, by action of
its Board of Directors, may purchase or otherwise acquire shares of any class
issued by it at such times, for such considerations and upon such terms and
conditions as its Board of Directors may determine.


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          EIGHTH: These Amended Articles of Incorporation shall supersede and
take the place of the heretofore existing Articles of Incorporation of the
corporation and all amendments thereto.

          NINTH: The affirmative vote of the holders of record of 75 percent of
the shares having voting power with respect to any such proposal AND the
affirmative vote of a majority of such holders of record other than shares held
or beneficially owned by a "Related Person" (as hereinafter defined) shall be
required for the approval or authorization of any "Business Combination" (as
hereinafter defined) of the corporation with any Related Person; provided,
however, that the 75 percent voting requirement and the majority voting
requirement of holders of record of shares other than a Related Person shall not
be applicable if:

          1. A majority of the "Continuing Directors" of the Corporation (as
     hereinafter defined) have approved the Business Combination; or

          2. The Business Combination is a merger or consolidation and the cash
     or fair market value of the property, securities or other consideration to
     be received per share by holders of Common Shares of the corporation in the
     Business Combination is not less than the highest per share price (with
     appropriate adjustments for recapitalization and for share splits, share
     dividends and like distributions), paid by the Related Person in acquiring
     any of its holdings of the corporation's Common Shares.

          For the purposes of this Article NINTH:

               (a) The term "Business Combination" shall mean (i) any
     merger or consolidation of the corporation or a subsidiary with or
     into a Related Person, (ii) any sale, lease, exchange, transfer or
     other disposition, including without limitation, a mortgage or any
     other security device, of all or any "Substantial Part" (as
     hereinafter defined) of the assets either of the corporation
     (including without limitation any voting securities of a subsidiary)
     or of a subsidiary, to a Related Person, (iii) any merger or
     consolidation of a Related Person with or into the corporation or a
     subsidiary of the corporation, (iv) any sale, lease, exchange,
     transfer or other disposition of all or any Substantial Part of the
     assets of a Related Person to the corporation or a subsidiary of the
     corporation, (v) the issuance of any securities of the corporation or
     a subsidiary of the corporation to a Related Person, (vi) any
     recapitalization that would have the effect of increasing the voting
     power of a Related Person, and (vii) any agreement, contract or other
     arrangement providing for any of the transactions described in this
     definition of Business Combination.

               (b) The term "Related Person" shall mean and include any
     individual, corporation, partnership or other person or entity which,
     together with its "Affiliates" and "Associates" (as defined on

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     September 1, 1982 at Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of
     1934), "Beneficially Owns" (as defined on September 1, 1982 at Rule
     13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) in the aggregate 20
     percent or more of the outstanding Common Shares of the corporation,
     and any Affiliate or Associate of any such individual, corporation,
     partnership or other person or entity.

               (c) The term "Substantial Part" shall mean more than 30
     percent of the fair market value of the total assets of the
     corporation in question, as of the end of its most recent fiscal year
     ending prior to the time the determination is being made.

               (d) Without limitation, any Common Shares of the corporation
     that any Related Person has the right to acquire pursuant to any
     agreement, or upon exercise of conversion rights, warrants or options,
     or otherwise, shall be deemed beneficially owned by the Related
     Person.

               (e) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (2) of this Article
     NINTH, the term "other consideration to be received" shall include,
     without limitation, Common Shares of the corporation retained by its
     existing public shareholders in the event of a Business Combination in
     which the corporation is the surviving corporation.

               (f) The term "Continuing Director" shall mean a director who
     was a member of the Board of Directors of the corporation immediately
     prior to the time that the Related Person involved in a Business
     Combination became a Related Person.


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                                   EXHIBIT II
                           THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION
                              DIRECTORS RESOLUTION

                  RESOLVED, that to consolidate the Company's existing Articles
of Incorporation and all previously adopted amendments thereto, the Amended
Articles of Incorporation presented to this meeting are hereby adopted to
supersede and take the place of the existing Articles and all amendments
thereto.



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                            CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
                                       TO
                      THE AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                           THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION


          PETER B. LEWIS, Chairman of the Board, and DAVID M. SCHNEIDER,
Secretary, of The Progressive Corporation, an Ohio corporation for profit with
its principal office at Mayfield Village, Cuyahoga County, Ohio (the "Company"),
do hereby certify that a meeting of the shareholders of the Company was duly
called and held on April 25, 1986, at which meeting a quorum of the shareholders
was present in person or by proxy, and by the affirmative vote of the holders of
shares entitling them to exercise a majority of the voting power of the Company
on proposals to amend the Company's Amended Articles of Incorporation, the
following resolution was adopted:

          RESOLVED, that Article FOURTH of the Company's Amended Articles of
     Incorporation be, and the same hereby is, amended to be and read in its
     entirety as follows:

               FOURTH: SECTION 1. AUTHORIZED SHARES. The aggregate number of
          shares which the corporation shall have authority to issue is
          52,000,000 shares, consisting of 2,000,000 Non-Voting Preferred
          Shares, without par value, and 50,000,000 Common Shares, $1.00 par
          value.

               SECTION 2. ISSUANCE OF PREFERRED SHARES. The Board of Directors
          is authorized at any time, and from time to time, to provide for the
          issuance of Non-Voting Preferred Shares in one or more series, and to
          determine the designations, preferences, limitations and relative or
          other rights of the Non-Voting Preferred Shares or any series thereof.
          For each series, the Board of Directors shall determine, by resolution
          or resolutions adopted prior to the issuance of any shares thereof,
          the designations, preferences, limitations and relative or other
          rights thereof, including but not limited to the following relative
          rights and preferences, as to which there may be variations among
          different series:

          A.   the division of such shares into series and the designation and
               authorized number of shares of each series,

          B.   the dividend rate,

          C.   the dates of payment of dividends and the dates from which they
               are cumulative,

          D.   liquidation price,


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          E.   redemption rights and price,

          F.   sinking fund requirements,

          G.   conversion rights, and

          H.   restrictions on the issuance of such shares.

          Prior to the issuance of any shares of a series, but after adoption by
          the Board of Directors of the resolution establishing such series, the
          appropriate officers of the corporation shall file such documents with
          the State of Ohio as may be required by law including, without
          limitation, an amendment to these Amended Articles of Incorporation.

               SECTION 3. COMMON SHARES. Each Common Share shall entitle the
          holder thereof to one vote, in person or by proxy, at any and all
          meetings of the shareholders of the corporation, on all propositions
          before such meetings. Each Common Share shall be entitled to
          participate equally in such dividends as may be declared by the Board
          of Directors out of funds legally available therefor, and to
          participate equally in all distributions of assets upon liquidation.

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said PETER B. LEWIS, Chairman of the Board, and
DAVID M. SCHNEIDER, Secretary, of The Progressive Corporation, acting for and in
behalf of said corporation, have hereunto subscribed their names this 25th day
of April, 1986.


                                             /s/ Peter B. Lewis              
                                             --------------------------------
                                             Peter B. Lewis, Chairman        
                                                                             
                                             /s/ David M. Schneider          
                                             --------------------------------
                                             David M. Schneider, Secretary   
                                                                             
                                             

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                            CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
                                       TO
                      THE AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                           THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION


          PETER B. LEWIS, Chairman of the Board, and DAVID M. SCHNEIDER,
Secretary, of The Progressive Corporation, an Ohio corporation for profit with
its principal office at 6300 Wilson Mills Road, Mayfield Village, Cuyahoga
County, Ohio (the "Company"), do hereby certify that a meeting of the
shareholders of the Company was duly called and held on April 24, 1987, at which
meeting a quorum of the shareholders was present in person or by proxy, and by
the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitling them to exercise a
majority of the voting power of the Company on proposals to amend the Company's
Amended Articles of Incorporation, the following resolution was adopted:

          RESOLVED, that Article FOURTH of the Company's Amended Articles of
     Incorporation be, and the same hereby is, amended to be and read in its
     entirety as follows:

               FOURTH: SECTION 1. AUTHORIZED SHARES. The aggregate number of
          shares which the corporation shall have authority to issue is
          110,000,000 shares, consisting of 10,000,000 Non-Voting Preferred
          Shares, without par value, and 100,000,000 Common Shares, $1.00 par
          value.

               SECTION 2. ISSUANCE OF PREFERRED SHARES. The Board of Directors
          is authorized at any time, and from time to time, to provide for the
          issuance of Non-Voting Preferred Shares in one or more series, and to
          determine the designations, preferences, limitations and relative or
          other rights of the Non-Voting Preferred Shares or any series thereof.
          For each series, the Board of Directors shall determine, by resolution
          or resolutions adopted prior to the issuance of any shares thereof,
          the designations, preferences, limitations and relative or other
          rights thereof, including but not limited to the following relative
          rights and preferences, as to which there may be variations among
          different series:

          A.   the division of such shares into series and the designation and
               authorized number of shares of each series,

          B.   the dividend rate,

          C.   the dates of payment of dividends and the dates from which they
               are cumulative,
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          D.   liquidation price,

          E.   redemption rights and price,

          F.   sinking fund requirements,

          G.   conversion rights, and

          H.   restrictions on the issuance of such shares.

          Prior to the issuance of any shares of a series, but after adoption by
          the Board of Directors of the resolution establishing such series, the
          appropriate officers of the corporation shall file such documents with
          the State of Ohio as may be required by law including, without
          limitation, an amendment to these Amended Articles of Incorporation.

               SECTION 3. COMMON SHARES. Each Common Share shall entitle the
          holder thereof to one vote, in person or by proxy, at any and all
          meetings of the shareholders of the corporation, on all propositions
          before such meetings. Each Common Share shall be entitled to
          participate equally in such dividends as may be declared by the Board
          of Directors out of funds legally available therefor, and to
          participate equally in all distributions of assets upon liquidation.

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said PETER B. LEWIS, Chairman of the Board, and
DAVID M. SCHNEIDER, Secretary, of The Progressive Corporation, acting for and in
behalf of said corporation, have hereunto subscribed their names this 24th day
of April, 1987.




                                             /s/ Peter B. Lewis              
                                             --------------------------------
                                             Peter B. Lewis, Chairman        
                                                                             
                                             /s/ David M. Schneider          
                                             --------------------------------
                                             David M. Schneider, Secretary   

   12


                            CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
                                       TO
                        AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                           THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION



         PETER B. LEWIS, President, and DAVID M. SCHNEIDER, Secretary, of The
Progressive Corporation, an Ohio corporation for profit with its principal
office at Mayfield Village, Cuyahoga County, Ohio (the "Company"), do hereby
certify that a meeting of the Shareholders of the Company was duly called and
held on April 19, 1991, at which meeting a quorum of the shareholders was
present in person or by proxy, and by the affirmative vote of the holders of
shares entitling them to exercise a majority of the voting power of the Company
on a proposal to amend the Company's Amended Articles of Incorporation, the
following resolution was adopted:

         RESOLVED, that Article Fourth of the Company's Amended Articles of
Incorporation be, and the same hereby is, deleted in its entirety and there is
substituted therefor the following:

                  Article Fourth. The authorized number of shares of the
                  corporation is 125,000,000, consisting of 20,000,000 Serial
                  Preferred Shares, without par value (hereinafter called
                  "Serial Preferred Shares"), 5,000,000 Voting Preference
                  Shares, without par value (hereinafter called "Voting
                  Preference Shares"), and 100,000,000 Common Shares, $1.00 par
                  value (hereinafter called "Common Shares").

                                   DIVISION A

         The Serial Preferred Shares shall have the following express terms:

                  Section 1. Series. The Serial Preferred Shares may be issued
         from time to time in one or more series. All shares of Serial Preferred
         Shares shall be of equal rank and shall be identical, except in respect
         of the matters that may be fixed by the Board of Directors as
         hereinafter provided, and each share of a series shall be identical
         with all other shares of such series, except as to the dates from which
         dividends shall accrue and be cumulative. All Serial Preferred Shares
         shall rank on a parity with and be identical to all Voting Preference
         Shares except in respect of (i) the matters that may be fixed by the
         Board of Directors as provided in clauses (a) through (i), both
         inclusive, of this Section and (ii) the voting rights and provisions
         for consents relating to Serial Preferred Shares as fixed and
         determined by Section 5 of this Division. Subject to the provisions of
         Sections 2 through 7, both inclusive, of this Division, which
         provisions shall apply to all Serial Preferred Shares, the Board of
         Directors hereby is authorized to cause such shares to be issued in one
         or more series and with respect to each such series to determine and
         fix prior to the issuance 


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         thereof (and thereafter, to the extent provided in clause (b) of this
         Section) the following:

                           (a) The designation of the series, which may be by
                  distinguishing number, letter or title;

                           (b) The authorized number of shares of the series,
                  which number the Board of Directors may (except where
                  otherwise provided in the creation of the series) increase or
                  decrease from time to time before or after the issuance
                  thereof (but not below the number of shares thereof then
                  outstanding);

                           (c)  The dividend rate or rates of the series;

                           (d) The dates on which and the period or periods for
                  which dividends, if declared, shall be payable and the date or
                  dates from which dividends shall accrue and be cumulative;

                           (e) The redemption rights and price or prices, if
                  any, for shares of the series;

                           (f) The terms and amount of the sinking fund, if any,
                  for the purchase or redemption of shares of the series;

                           (g) The amounts payable on shares of the series in
                  the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation,
                  dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the corporation;

                           (h) Whether the shares of the series shall be
                  convertible into Common Shares or shares of any other class
                  and, if so, the conversion rate or rates or price or prices,
                  any adjustments thereof and all other terms and conditions
                  upon which such conversion may be made; and

                           (i) Restrictions (in addition to those set forth in
                  Subsection 5(c) of this Division) on the issuance of shares of
                  the same series or of any other class or series.

         The Board of Directors is authorized to adopt from time to time
amendments to the Amended Articles of Incorporation fixing, with respect to each
such series, the matters described in clauses (a) through (i), both inclusive,
of this Section and is authorized to take such actions with respect thereto as
may be required by law in order to effect such amendments.

Section 2.  Dividends.

                  (a) The holders of Serial Preferred Shares of each series, in
         preference to the holders of Common Shares and of any other class of
         shares ranking junior to the Serial Preferred Shares, shall be entitled
         to receive out of any funds legally

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         available for Serial Preferred Shares and Voting Preference Shares and
         when and as declared by the Board of Directors, dividends in cash at
         the rate or rates for such series fixed in accordance with the
         provisions of Section 1 of this Division and no more, payable on the
         dates fixed for such series. Such dividends shall accrue and be
         cumulative, in the case of shares of each particular series, from and
         after the date or dates fixed with respect to such series. No dividends
         shall be paid upon or declared or set apart for any series of the
         Serial Preferred Shares for any dividend period unless at the same time
         (1) a like proportionate dividend for the dividend periods terminating
         on the same or any earlier date, ratably in proportion to the
         respective dividend rates fixed therefor, shall have been paid upon or
         declared or set apart for all Serial Preferred Shares of all series
         then issued and outstanding and entitled to receive such dividend and
         (2) the dividends payable for the dividend periods terminating on the
         same or any earlier date, ratably in proportion to the respective
         dividend rates fixed therefor, shall have been paid upon or declared or
         set apart for all Voting Preference Shares of all series then issued
         and outstanding and entitled to receive such dividend.

                  (b) So long as any Serial Preferred Shares shall be
         outstanding no dividend, except a dividend payable in Common Shares or
         other shares ranking junior to the Serial Preferred Shares, shall be
         paid or declared or any distribution be made, except as aforesaid, in
         respect of the Common Shares or any other shares ranking junior to the
         Serial Preferred Shares, nor shall any Common Shares or any other
         shares ranking junior to the Serial Preferred Shares be purchased,
         retired or otherwise acquired by the corporation, except out of the
         proceeds of the sale of Common Shares or other shares of the
         corporation ranking junior to the Serial Preferred Shares received by
         the corporation subsequent to the date of first issuance of Serial
         Preferred Shares of any series, unless:

                           (1) All accrued and unpaid dividends on Serial
                  Preferred Shares, including the full dividends for all current
                  dividend periods, shall have been declared and paid or a sum
                  sufficient for payment thereof set apart; and

                           (2) There shall be no arrearages with respect to the
                  redemption of Serial Preferred Shares of any series from any
                  sinking fund provided for shares of such series in accordance
                  with the provisions of Section 1 of this Division.

Section 3.  Redemption.

                  (a) Subject to the express terms of each series and to the
         provisions of Subsection 5(c)(3) of this Division, the corporation:

                           (1) May, from time to time at the option of the Board
                  of Directors, redeem all or any part of any redeemable series
                  of Serial Preferred Shares at the time outstanding at the
                  applicable redemption price for such

   15

                  series fixed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1 of
                  this Division; and

                           (2) Shall, from time to time, make such redemptions
                  of each series of Serial Preferred Shares as may be required
                  to fulfill the requirements of any sinking fund provided for
                  shares of such series at the applicable sinking fund
                  redemption price fixed in accordance with the provisions of
                  Section 1 of this Division;

         and shall in each case pay all accrued and unpaid dividends to the
         redemption date.

                  (b) (1) Notice of every such redemption shall be mailed,
                  postage prepaid, to the holders of record of the Serial
                  Preferred Shares to be redeemed at their respective addresses
                  then appearing on the books of the corporation, not less than
                  30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for such
                  redemption, or such other time prior thereto as the Board of
                  Directors shall fix for any series pursuant to Section 1 of
                  this Division prior to the issuance thereof. At any time after
                  notice as provided above has been deposited in the mail, the
                  corporation may deposit the aggregate redemption price of
                  Serial Preferred Shares to be redeemed, together with accrued
                  and unpaid dividends thereon to the redemption date, with any
                  bank or trust company in Cleveland, Ohio or New York, New
                  York, having capital and surplus of not less than
                  $100,000,000, named in such notice and direct that there be
                  paid to the respective holders of the Serial Preferred Shares
                  so to be redeemed amounts equal to the redemption price of the
                  Serial Preferred Shares so to be redeemed, together with such
                  accrued and unpaid dividends thereon, on surrender of the
                  share certificate or certificates held by such holders; and
                  upon the deposit of such notice in the mail and the making of
                  such deposit of money with such bank or trust company, such
                  holders shall cease to be shareholders with respect to such
                  shares; and from and after the time such notice shall have
                  been so deposited and such deposit of money shall have been so
                  made, such holders shall have no rights or claim against the
                  corporation with respect to such shares, except only the right
                  to receive such money from such bank or trust company without
                  interest or to exercise before the redemption date any
                  unexpired privileges of conversion. In the event less than all
                  of the outstanding Serial Preferred Shares are to be redeemed,
                  the corporation shall select by lot the shares so to be
                  redeemed in such manner as shall be prescribed by the Board of
                  Directors.

                           (2) If the holders of Serial Preferred Shares which
                  have been called for redemption shall not within six years
                  after such deposit claim the amount deposited for the
                  redemption thereof, any such bank or trust company shall, upon
                  demand, pay over to the corporation such unclaimed amounts and
                  thereupon such bank or trust company and the corporation shall
                  be relieved of all responsibility in respect thereof and to
                  such holders.


   16

                  (c) Any Serial Preferred Shares which are (1) redeemed by the
         corporation pursuant to the provisions of this Section, (2) purchased
         and delivered in satisfaction of any sinking fund requirements provided
         for shares of such series, (3) converted in accordance with the express
         terms thereof, or (4) otherwise acquired by the corporation, shall
         resume the status of authorized but unissued Serial Preferred Shares
         without serial designation.

Section 4.  Liquidation.

                  (a) (1) In the event of any voluntary or involuntary
                  liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the
                  corporation, the holders of Serial Preferred Shares of any
                  series shall be entitled to receive in full out of the assets
                  of the corporation, including its capital, before any amount
                  shall be paid or distributed among the holders of the Common
                  Shares or any other shares ranking junior to the Serial
                  Preferred Shares, the amounts fixed with respect to shares of
                  such series in accordance with Section 1 of this Division,
                  plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid
                  thereon to the date of payment of the amount due pursuant to
                  such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of
                  the corporation. In the event the net assets of the
                  corporation legally available therefor are insufficient to
                  permit the payment upon all outstanding Serial Preferred
                  Shares and Voting Preference Shares of the full preferential
                  amount to which they are respectively entitled, then such net
                  assets shall be distributed ratably upon all outstanding
                  Serial Preferred Shares and Voting Preference Shares in
                  proportion to the full preferential amount to which each such
                  share is entitled.

                           (2) After payment to the holders of Serial Preferred
                  Shares of the full preferential amounts as aforesaid, the
                  holders of Serial Preferred Shares, as such, shall have no
                  right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the
                  corporation.

                  (b) The merger or consolidation of the corporation into or
         with any other corporation, the merger of any other corporation into
         it, or the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all the
         assets of the corporation, shall not be deemed to be a dissolution,
         liquidation or winding up for the purposes of this Section.

Section 5.  Voting.

                  (a) The holders of Serial Preferred Shares shall have no
         voting rights, except as provided in this Section or required by law.

                  (b) (1) If, and so often as, the corporation shall be in
                  default in the payment of the equivalent of the full dividends
                  on any series of Serial Preferred Shares at the time
                  outstanding, whether or not earned or declared, for a number
                  of dividend payment periods (whether or not
   17

                  consecutive) which in the aggregate contain at least 540 days,
                  the holders of Serial Preferred Shares of all series, voting
                  separately as a class, shall be entitled to elect, as herein
                  provided, two members of the Board of Directors of the
                  corporation; provided, however, that the holders of Serial
                  Preferred Shares shall not have or exercise such special class
                  voting rights except at meetings of such shareholders for the
                  election of directors at which the holders of not less than
                  50% of the outstanding Serial Preferred Shares of all series
                  then outstanding are present in person or by proxy; and
                  provided further that the special class voting rights provided
                  for in this paragraph when the same shall have become vested
                  shall remain so vested until all accrued and unpaid dividends
                  on the Serial Preferred Shares of all series then outstanding
                  shall have been paid, whereupon the holders of Serial
                  Preferred Shares shall be divested of their special class
                  voting rights in respect of subsequent elections of directors,
                  subject to the revesting of such special class voting rights
                  in the event above specified in this paragraph.

                           (2) In the event of default entitling the holders of
                  Serial Preferred Shares to elect two directors as specified in
                  paragraph (1) of this Subsection, a special meeting of such
                  holders for the purpose of electing such directors shall be
                  called by the Secretary of the corporation upon written
                  request of, or may be called by, the holders of record of at
                  least 10% of the Serial Preferred Shares of all series at the
                  time outstanding, and notice thereof shall be given in the
                  same manner as that required for the annual meeting of
                  shareholders; provided, however, that the corporation shall
                  not be required to call such special meeting if the annual
                  meeting of shareholders shall be called to be held within 120
                  days after the date of receipt of the foregoing written
                  request from the holders of Serial Preferred Shares. At any
                  meeting at which the holders of Serial Preferred Shares shall
                  be entitled to elect directors, the holders of 50% of the
                  Serial Preferred Shares of all series at the time outstanding,
                  present in person or by proxy, shall be sufficient to
                  constitute a quorum, and the vote of the holders of a majority
                  of such shares so present at any such meeting at which there
                  shall be such a quorum shall be sufficient to elect the
                  members of the Board of Directors which the holders of Serial
                  Preferred Shares are entitled to elect as herein provided.
                  Notwithstanding any provision of these Amended Articles of
                  Incorporation or the Code of Regulations of the corporation or
                  any action taken by the holders of any class of shares fixing
                  the number of directors of the corporation, the two directors
                  who may be elected by the holders of Serial Preferred Shares
                  pursuant to this Subsection shall serve in addition to any
                  other directors then in office or proposed to be elected
                  otherwise than pursuant to this Subsection. Nothing in this
                  Subsection shall prevent any change otherwise permitted in the
                  total number of directors of the corporation nor require the
                  resignation of any director elected otherwise than pursuant to
                  this Subsection. Notwithstanding any classification of the
                  other directors of the corporation, the two directors elected
                  by the holders of Serial 

   18

                  Preferred Shares shall be elected annually for terms expiring
                  at the next succeeding annual meeting of shareholders.

                           (3) Upon any divesting of the special class voting
                  rights of the holders of the Serial Preferred Shares in
                  respect of elections of directors as provided in this
                  Subsection, the terms of office of all directors then in
                  office elected by such holders shall terminate immediately
                  thereupon. If the office of any director elected by such
                  holders voting as a class becomes vacant by reason of death,
                  resignation, removal from office or otherwise, the remaining
                  director elected by such holders voting as a class may elect a
                  successor who shall hold office for the unexpired term in
                  respect of which such vacancy occurred.

                  (c) The affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least
         two-thirds of the Serial Preferred Shares at the time outstanding,
         voting or consenting separately as a class, given in person or by proxy
         either in writing or at a meeting called for the purpose, shall be
         necessary to effect any one or more of the following (but so far as the
         holders of Serial Preferred Shares are concerned, such action may be
         effected with such vote or consent):

                           (1) Any amendment, alteration or repeal, whether by
                  merger, consolidation or otherwise, of any of the provisions
                  of the Amended Articles of Incorporation or of the Code of
                  Regulations of the corporation which affects adversely the
                  preferences or voting or other rights of the holders of Serial
                  Preferred Shares; provided, however, neither the amendment of
                  the Amended Articles of Incorporation so as to authorize,
                  create or change the authorized or outstanding number of
                  Serial Preferred Shares or of any shares ranking on a parity
                  with or junior to the Serial Preferred Shares nor the
                  amendment of the provisions of the Code of Regulations so as
                  to change the number of directors of the corporation shall be
                  deemed to affect adversely the preferences or voting or other
                  rights of the holders of Serial Preferred Shares; and provided
                  further, that if such amendment, alteration or repeal affects
                  adversely the preferences or voting or other rights of one or
                  more but not all series of Serial Preferred Shares at the time
                  outstanding, only the affirmative vote or consent of the
                  holders of at least two-thirds of the number of the shares at
                  the time outstanding of the series so affected shall be
                  required;

                           (2) The authorization, creation or the increase in
                  the authorized number of any shares, or any security
                  convertible into shares, in either case ranking prior to the
                  Serial Preferred Shares; or

                           (3) The purchase or redemption (for sinking fund
                  purposes or otherwise) of less than all of the Serial
                  Preferred Shares then outstanding except in accordance with a
                  stock purchase offer made to all holders of record of Serial
                  Preferred Shares, unless all dividends on all Serial Preferred
                  Shares then outstanding for all previous dividend periods
                  shall 

   19

                  have been declared and paid or funds therefor set apart and
                  all accrued sinking fund obligations applicable thereto shall
                  have been complied with.

         Section 6. Pre-emptive Rights. No holder of Serial Preferred Shares as
such, shall have any pre-emptive right to purchase, have offered to him for
purchase or subscribe for any of the corporation's shares or other securities of
any class, whether now or hereafter authorized.

         Section 7.  Definitions.  For the purposes of this Division:

                  (a) Whenever reference is made to shares "ranking prior to the
         Serial Preferred Shares," such reference shall mean and include all
         shares of the corporation in respect of which the rights of the holders
         thereof as to the payment of dividends or as to distributions in the
         event of a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding
         up of the affairs of the corporation are given preference over the
         rights of the holders of Serial Preferred Shares;

                  (b) Whenever reference is made to shares "on a parity with the
         Serial Preferred Shares," such reference shall mean and include all
         Voting Preference Shares and all other shares of the corporation in
         respect of which the rights of the holders thereof as to the payment of
         dividends or as to distributions in the event of a voluntary or
         involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of
         the corporation rank equally (except as to the amounts fixed therefor)
         with the rights of the holders of Serial Preferred Shares; and

                  (c) Whenever reference is made to shares "ranking junior to
         the Serial Preferred Shares," such reference shall mean and include all
         shares of the corporation other than those defined under Subsections
         (a) and (b) of this Section as shares "ranking prior to" or "on a
         parity with" the Serial Preferred Shares.

                                   DIVISION B

         The Voting Preference Shares shall have the following express terms:

         Section 1. Series. The Voting Preference Shares may be issued from time
to time in one or more series. All shares of Voting Preference Shares shall be
of equal rank and shall be identical, except in respect of the matters that may
be fixed by the Board of Directors as hereinafter provided, and each share of a
series shall be identical with all other shares of such series, except as to the
dates from which dividends shall accrue and be cumulative. All Voting Preference
Shares shall rank on a parity with and be identical to all Serial Preferred
Shares except in respect of (i) the matters that may be fixed by the Board of
Directors as provided in clauses (a) through (i), both inclusive, of this
Section and (ii) the voting rights and provisions for consents relating to
Voting Preference Shares as fixed and determined by Section 5 of this Division.
Subject to the provisions of Sections 2 through 7, both inclusive, of this
Division, which provisions shall apply to all Voting Preference Shares, the
Board of Directors hereby is authorized to cause such shares to be issued in one
or more series and with respect to each such

   20

series to determine and fix prior to the issuance thereof (and thereafter, to
the extent provided in clause (b) of this Section) the following:

                  (a) The designation of the series, which may be by
         distinguishing number, letter or title;

                  (b) The authorized number of shares of the series, which
         number the Board of Directors may (except where otherwise provided in
         the creation of the series) increase or decrease from time to time
         before or after the issuance thereof (but not below the number of
         shares thereof then outstanding);

                  (c)  The dividend rate or rates of the series;

                  (d) The dates on which and the period or periods for which
         dividends, if declared, shall be payable and the date or dates from
         which dividends shall accrue and be cumulative;

                  (e) The redemption rights and price or prices, if any, for
         shares of the series;

                  (f) The terms and amount of the sinking fund, if any, for the
         purchase or redemption of shares of the series;

                  (g) The amounts payable on shares of the series in the event
         of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up
         of the affairs of the corporation;

                  (h) Whether the shares of the series shall be convertible into
         Common Shares or shares of any other class and, if so, the conversion
         rate or rates or price or prices, any adjustments thereof and all other
         terms and conditions upon which such conversion may be made; and

                  (i) Restrictions (in addition to those set forth in Subsection
         5(c) of this Division) on the issuance of shares of the same series or
         of any other class or series.

         The Board of Directors is authorized to adopt from time to time
amendments to the Amended Articles of Incorporation fixing, with respect to each
such series, the matters described in clauses (a) through (i), both inclusive,
of this Section and is authorized to take such actions with respect thereto as
may be required by law in order to effect such amendments.

         Section 2.  Dividends.

                  (a) The holders of Voting Preference Shares of each series, in
         preference to the holders of Common Shares and of any other class of
         shares ranking junior to the Voting Preference Shares, shall be
         entitled to receive out of any funds legally available for Voting
         Preference Shares and Serial Preferred Shares and 

   21

         when and as declared by the Board of Directors, dividends in cash at
         the rate or rates for such series fixed in accordance with the
         provisions of Section 1 of this Division and no more, payable on the
         dates fixed for such series. Such dividends shall accrue and be
         cumulative, in the case of shares of each particular series, from and
         after the date or dates fixed with respect to such series. No dividends
         shall be paid upon or declared or set apart for any series of the
         Voting Preference Shares for any dividend period unless at the same
         time (1) a like proportionate dividend for the dividend periods
         terminating on the same or any earlier date, ratably in proportion to
         the respective annual dividend rates fixed therefor, shall have been
         paid upon or declared or set apart for all Voting Preference Shares of
         all series then issued and outstanding and entitled to receive such
         dividend and (2) the dividends payable for the dividend periods
         terminating on the same or any earlier date, ratably in proportion to
         the respective dividend rates fixed therefor, shall have been paid upon
         or declared or set apart for all Serial Preferred Shares of all series
         then issued and outstanding and entitled to receive such dividend.

                  (b) So long as any Voting Preference Shares shall be
         outstanding no dividend, except a dividend payable in Common Shares or
         other shares ranking junior to the Voting Preference Shares, shall be
         paid or declared or any distribution be made, except as aforesaid, in
         respect of the Common Shares or any other shares ranking junior to the
         Voting Preference Shares, nor shall any Common Shares or any other
         shares ranking junior to the Voting Preference Shares be purchased,
         retired or otherwise acquired by the corporation, except out of the
         proceeds of the sale of Common Shares or other shares of the
         corporation ranking junior to the Voting Preference Shares received by
         the corporation subsequent to the date of first issuance of Voting
         Preference Shares of any series, unless:

                           (1) All accrued and unpaid dividends on Voting
                  Preference Shares, including the full dividends for all
                  current dividend periods, shall have been declared and paid or
                  a sum sufficient for payment thereof set apart; and

                           (2) There shall be no arrearages with respect to the
                  redemption of Voting Preference Shares of any series from any
                  sinking fund provided for shares of such series in accordance
                  with the provisions of Section 1 of this Division.

         Section 3.  Redemption.

                  (a) Subject to the express terms of each series and the
         provisions of Subsection 5(c)(6) of this Division, the corporation:

                           (1) May, from time to time at the option of the Board
                  of Directors, redeem all or any part of any redeemable series
                  of Voting Preference Shares at the time outstanding at the
                  applicable redemption price for such

   22

                  series fixed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1 of
                  this Division; and

                           (2) Shall, from time to time, make such redemptions
                  of each series of Voting Preference Shares as may be required
                  to fulfill the requirements of any sinking fund provided for
                  shares of such series at the applicable sinking fund
                  redemption price fixed in accordance with the provisions of
                  Section 1 of this Division;

         and shall in each case pay all accrued and unpaid dividends to the
         redemption date.

                  (b) (1) Notice of every such redemption shall be mailed,
                  postage prepaid, to the holders of record of the Voting
                  Preference Shares to be redeemed at their respective addresses
                  then appearing on the books of the corporation, not less than
                  30 days nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for such
                  redemption, or such other time prior thereto as the Board of
                  Directors shall fix for any series pursuant to Section 1 of
                  this Division prior to the issuance thereof. At any time after
                  notice as provided above has been deposited in the mail, the
                  corporation may deposit the aggregate redemption price of
                  Voting Preference Shares to be redeemed, together with accrued
                  and unpaid dividends thereon to the redemption date, with any
                  bank or trust company in Cleveland, Ohio or New York, New
                  York, having capital and surplus of not less than
                  $100,000,000, named in such notice and direct that there be
                  paid to the respective holders of the Voting Preference Shares
                  so to be redeemed amounts equal to the redemption price of the
                  Voting Preference Shares so to be redeemed, together with such
                  accrued and unpaid dividends thereon, on surrender of the
                  share certificate or certificates held by such holders; and
                  upon the deposit of such notice in the mail and the making of
                  such deposit of money with such bank or trust company, such
                  holders shall cease to be shareholders with respect to such
                  shares; and from and after the time such notice shall have
                  been so deposited and such deposit of money shall have been so
                  made, such holders shall have no rights or claim against the
                  corporation with respect to such shares, except only the right
                  to receive such money from such bank or trust company without
                  interest or to exercise before the redemption date any
                  unexpired privileges of conversion. In the event less than all
                  of the outstanding Voting Preference Shares are to be
                  redeemed, the corporation shall select by lot the shares so to
                  be redeemed in such manner as shall be prescribed by the Board
                  of Directors.

                           (2) If the holders of Voting Preference Shares which
                  have been called for redemption shall not within six years
                  after such deposit claim the amount deposited for the
                  redemption thereof, any such bank or trust company shall, upon
                  demand, pay over to the corporation such unclaimed amounts and
                  thereupon such bank or trust company and the corporation shall
                  be relieved of all responsibility in respect thereof and to
                  such holders.
   23

                  (c) Any Voting Preference Shares which are (1) redeemed by the
         corporation pursuant to the provisions of this Section, (2) purchased
         and delivered in satisfaction of any sinking fund requirements provided
         for shares of such series, (3) converted in accordance with the express
         terms thereof, or (4) otherwise acquired by the corporation, shall
         resume the status of authorized but unissued Voting Preference Shares
         without serial designation.

         Section 4.  Liquidation.

                  (a) (1) In the event of any voluntary or involuntary
                  liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the
                  corporation, the holders of Voting Preference Shares of any
                  series shall be entitled to receive in full out of the assets
                  of the corporation, including its capital, before any amount
                  shall be paid or distributed among the holders of the Common
                  Shares or any other shares ranking junior to the Voting
                  Preference Shares, the amounts fixed with respect to shares of
                  such series in accordance with Section 1 of this Division,
                  plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid
                  thereon to the date of payment of the amount due pursuant to
                  such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of
                  the corporation. In the event the net assets of the
                  corporation legally available therefor are insufficient to
                  permit the payment upon all outstanding Voting Preference
                  Shares and Serial Preferred Shares of the full preferential
                  amount to which they are respectively entitled, then such net
                  assets shall be distributed ratably upon all outstanding
                  Voting Preference Shares and Serial Preferred Shares in
                  proportion to the full preferential amount to which each such
                  share is entitled.

                           (2) After payment to the holders of Voting Preference
                  Shares of the full preferential amounts as aforesaid, the
                  holders of Voting Preference Shares, as such, shall have no
                  right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the
                  corporation.

                  (b) The merger or consolidation of the corporation into or
         with any other corporation, the merger of any other corporation into
         it, or the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all the
         assets of the corporation, shall not be deemed to be a dissolution,
         liquidation or winding up for the purposes of this Section.

         Section 5.  Voting.

                  (a) The holders of Voting Preference Shares shall be entitled
         at all times to one vote for each share and, except as otherwise
         provided in this Section or required by law, the holders of Voting
         Preference Shares and the holders of Common Shares shall vote together
         as a class on all matters presented, subject, however, to the special
         voting rights of the holders of Serial Preferred Shares as provided in
         Section 5 of Division A hereof.
   24

                  (b) (1) If, and so often as, the corporation shall be in
                  default in the payment of the equivalent of the full dividends
                  on any series of Voting Preference Shares at the time
                  outstanding, whether or not earned or declared, for a number
                  of dividend payment periods (whether or not consecutive) which
                  in the aggregate contain at least 540 days, the holders of
                  Voting Preference Shares of all series, voting separately as a
                  class, shall be entitled to elect, as herein provided, two
                  members of the Board of Directors of the corporation;
                  provided, however, that the holders of Voting Preference
                  Shares shall not have or exercise such special class voting
                  rights except at meetings of such shareholders for the
                  election of directors at which the holders of not less than
                  50% of the outstanding Voting Preference Shares of all series
                  then outstanding are present in person or by proxy; and
                  provided further that the special class voting rights provided
                  for in this paragraph when the same shall have become vested
                  shall remain so vested until all accrued and unpaid dividends
                  on the Voting Preference Shares of all series then outstanding
                  shall have been paid, whereupon the holders of Voting
                  Preference Shares shall be divested of their special class
                  voting rights in respect of subsequent elections of directors,
                  subject to the revesting of such special class voting rights
                  in the event above specified in this paragraph.

                           (2) In the event of default entitling the holders of
                  Voting Preference Shares to elect two directors as specified
                  in paragraph (1) of this Subsection, a special meeting of such
                  holders for the purpose of electing such directors shall be
                  called by the Secretary of the corporation upon written
                  request of, or may be called by, the holders of record of at
                  least 10% of the Voting Preference Shares of all series at the
                  time outstanding, and notice thereof shall be given in the
                  same manner as that required for the annual meeting of
                  shareholders; provided, however, that the corporation shall
                  not be required to call such special meeting if the annual
                  meeting of shareholders shall be called to be held within 120
                  days after the date of receipt of the foregoing written
                  request from the holders of Voting Preference Shares. At any
                  meeting at which the holders of Voting Preference Shares shall
                  be entitled to elect directors, the holders of 50% of the
                  Voting Preference Shares of all series at the time
                  outstanding, present in person or by proxy, shall be
                  sufficient to constitute a quorum, and the vote of the holders
                  of a majority of such shares so present at any such meeting at
                  which there shall be such a quorum shall be sufficient to
                  elect the members of the Board of Directors which the holders
                  of Voting Preference Shares are entitled to elect as herein
                  provided. Notwithstanding any provision of these Amended
                  Articles of Incorporation or the Code of Regulations of the
                  corporation or any action taken by the holders of any class of
                  shares fixing the number of directors of the corporation, the
                  two directors who may be elected by the holders of Voting
                  Preference Shares pursuant to this Subsection shall serve in
                  addition to any other directors then in office or proposed to
                  be elected otherwise than pursuant to this Subsection. Nothing
                  in this Subsection shall prevent any 

   25

                  change otherwise permitted in the total number of directors of
                  the corporation or require the resignation of any director
                  elected otherwise than pursuant to this Subsection.
                  Notwithstanding any classification of the other directors of
                  the corporation, the two directors elected by the holders of
                  Voting Preference Shares shall be elected annually for terms
                  expiring at the next succeeding annual meeting of
                  shareholders.

                           (3) Upon any divesting of the special class voting
                  rights of the holders of the Voting Preference Shares in
                  respect of elections of directors as provided in this
                  Subsection, the terms of office of all directors then in
                  office elected by such holders shall terminate immediately
                  thereupon. If the office of any director elected by such
                  holders voting as a class becomes vacant by reason of death,
                  resignation, removal from office or otherwise, the remaining
                  director elected by such holders voting as a class may elect a
                  successor who shall hold office for the unexpired term in
                  respect of which such vacancy occurred.

                  (c) The affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least
         two-thirds of the Voting Preference Shares at the time outstanding,
         voting or consenting separately as a class, given in person or by proxy
         either in writing or at a meeting called for the purpose, shall be
         necessary to effect any one or more of the following (but so far as the
         holders of Voting Preference Shares are concerned, such action may be
         effected with such vote or consent):

                           (1) The sale, lease or conveyance by the corporation
                  of all or substantially all of its assets;

                           (2) The merger or consolidation of the corporation
                  into or with any other corporation or the merger of any other
                  corporation into it;

                           (3) The voluntary liquidation, dissolution or winding
                  up of the affairs of the corporation;

                           (4) Any amendment, alteration or repeal, whether by
                  merger, consolidation or otherwise, of any of the provisions
                  of the Amended Articles of Incorporation or of the Code of
                  Regulations of the corporation which affects adversely the
                  preferences or voting or other rights of the holders of Voting
                  Preference Shares; provided, however, that for the purpose of
                  this paragraph only, neither the amendment of the Amended
                  Articles of Incorporation so as to authorize, create or change
                  the authorized or outstanding number of Voting Preference
                  Shares or of any shares ranking on a parity with or junior to
                  the Voting Preference Shares nor the amendment of the
                  provisions of the Code of Regulations so as to change the
                  number of directors of the corporation shall be deemed to
                  affect adversely the preferences or voting or other

   26

                  rights of the holders of Voting Preference Shares; and
                  provided further, that if such amendment, alteration or repeal
                  affects adversely the preferences or voting or other rights of
                  one or more but not all series of Voting Preference Shares at
                  the time outstanding, only the affirmative vote or consent of
                  the holders of at least two-thirds of the number of the shares
                  at the time outstanding of the series so affected shall be
                  required;

                           (5) The authorization, creation or the increase in
                  the authorized amount of any shares, or any security
                  convertible into shares, in either case ranking prior to the
                  Voting Preference Shares; or

                           (6) The purchase or redemption (for sinking fund
                  purposes or otherwise) of less than all of the Voting
                  Preference Shares then outstanding except in accordance with a
                  stock purchase offer made to all holders of record of Voting
                  Preference Shares, unless all dividends on all Voting
                  Preference Shares then outstanding for all previous dividend
                  periods shall have been declared and paid or funds therefor
                  set apart and all accrued sinking fund obligations applicable
                  thereto shall have been complied with.

         Section 6. Pre-emptive Rights. No holder of Voting Preference Shares as
such shall have any pre-emptive right to purchase or subscribe for any of the
corporation's shares or other securities of any class, whether now or hereafter
authorized.

         Section 7.  Definitions.  For the purposes of this Division:

                  (a) Whenever reference is made to shares "ranking prior to the
         Voting Preference Shares," such reference shall mean and include all
         shares of the corporation in respect of which the rights of the holders
         thereof as to the payment of dividends or as to distributions in the
         event of a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding
         up of the affairs of the corporation are given preference over the
         rights of the holders of Voting Preference Shares;

                  (b) Whenever reference is made to shares "on a parity with the
         Voting Preference Shares," such reference shall mean and include all
         Serial Preferred Shares and all other shares of the corporation in
         respect of which the rights of the holders thereof as to the payment of
         dividends or as to distributions in the event of a voluntary or
         involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of
         the corporation rank equally (except as to the amounts fixed therefor)
         with the rights of the holders of Voting Preference Shares; and

                  (c) Whenever reference is made to shares "ranking junior to
         the Voting Preference Shares," such reference shall mean and include
         all shares of the corporation other than those defined under
         Subsections (a) and (b) of this Section as shares "ranking prior to" or
         "on a parity with" the Voting Preference Shares.


   27

                                   DIVISION C

         The Common Shares shall have the following express terms:

         The Common Shares shall be subject to the express terms of the Serial
Preferred Shares and any series thereof and to the express terms of the Voting
Preference Shares and any series thereof. Each Common Share shall be equal to
every other Common Share and the holders thereof shall be entitled to one vote
for each Common Share on all matters presented. No holder of Common Shares shall
have any pre-emptive right to purchase or subscribe for any of the corporation's
shares or other securities of any class, whether now or hereafter authorized.

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Peter B. Lewis, President, and David M. Schneider,
Secretary, of The Progressive Corporation, acting for and on its behalf do
hereunto subscribe their names this 19th day of April, 1991.



                                             /s/ Peter B. Lewis              
                                             --------------------------------
                                             Peter B. Lewis, President
                                                                             
                                             /s/ David M. Schneider          
                                             --------------------------------
                                             David M. Schneider, Secretary   
                                                                             
                                             


   28


                            CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
                                       TO
                        AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                           THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION




          PETER B. LEWIS, President, and DAVID M. SCHNEIDER, Secretary, of The
Progressive Corporation, an Ohio corporation for profit with its principal
office in Mayfield Village, Cuyahoga County, Ohio (the "Company"), do hereby
certify that a Written Action Taken Without A Meeting of the Executive Committee
of the Board of Directors of the Company was duly executed by all members of the
Executive Committee of the Board of Directors and that the following resolution
to amend the Amended Articles of Incorporation of the Company was adopted
pursuant to said Written Action Taken Without A Meeting by the Executive
Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company pursuant to the authority of
Section 1701.70(B)(1) and 1701.73(A) of the Ohio Revised Code and Section 1 of
Division A of Article Fourth of said Amended Articles of Incorporation:

          RESOLVED, that the Amended Articles of Incorporation of the Company be
and they hereby are amended by adding at the end of Division A of Article FOURTH
thereof a new Section 8 reading as follows:

          Section 8. 9 3/8% Serial Preferred Shares, Series A. Of the 20,000,000
     authorized Serial Preferred Shares, without par value, 4,600,000 shares are
     designated as a series entitled "9 3/8% Serial Preferred Shares, Series A"
     (hereinafter called "Series A Shares"). The Series A Shares shall have the
     express terms set forth in this Division as being applicable to all Serial
     Preferred Shares as a class and, in addition, the following express terms
     applicable to all Series A Share as a series of Serial Preferred Shares:

          (a)  The annual dividend rate of the Series A Shares shall be 9 3/8%
               of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share.

          (b)  Dividends on Series A Shares shall be payable, if declared,
               quarterly on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of
               each year, the first quarterly dividend being payable, if
               declared, on June 30, 1991. The dividends payable for each full
               quarterly dividend period on each Series A Share shall be
               $.5859375.

               Dividends for the initial dividend period on the Series A Shares,
               or for any period shorter or longer than a full dividend period
               on the Series A Shares, shall be computed on the basis of 30-day
               months and a 360-day year. The aggregate dividend payable
               quarterly to

   29

               each holder of Series A Shares shall be rounded to the nearest
               one cent with $.005 being rounded upward. Each dividend shall be
               payable to the holders of record on such record date, not less
               than 15 nor more than 30 days preceding the payment date thereof,
               as shall be fixed from time to time by the corporation's Board of
               Directors.

          (c)  Dividends on Series A Shares shall be cumulative as follows:

               (1)  With respect to shares included in the initial issue of
                    Series A Shares and shares issued any time thereafter up to
                    and including the record date for the payment of the first
                    dividend on the initial issue of series A Shares, dividends
                    shall be cumulative from the date of the initial issue of
                    Series A Shares; and

               (2)  With respect to shares issued any time after the aforesaid
                    record date, dividends shall be cumulative from the dividend
                    payment date next preceding the date of issue of such
                    shares, except that if such shares are issued during the
                    period commencing the day after the record date for the
                    payment of a dividend on Series A Shares and ending on the
                    payment date of that dividend, dividends with respect to
                    such shares shall be cumulative from that dividend payment
                    date.

          (d)  Subject to the provisions of Subsection 5(c)(3) of this Division,
               the Series A Shares shall be redeemable in the manner provided in
               Subsections 3(b)(1) and (2) of this Division as follows:

               (1)  Except as provided in clause (2) of this Subsection (d), the
                    Series A Shares may not be redeemed prior to May 31, 1996.
                    At any time or from time to time on and after May 31, 1996,
                    the corporation, at its option, may redeem all or any part
                    of the Series A Shares at a redemption price of $25.00 per
                    share plus, in each case, an amount equal to all dividends
                    accrued and unpaid thereon to the redemption date.

               (2)  Prior to May 31, 1996, the corporation, at its option, may
                    redeem all, but not less than all, of the outstanding Series
                    A Shares if the holders of such shares shall be entitled to
                    vote upon or consent to any amendment, alteration or repeal,
                    whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, of any of the
                    provisions of the Amended Articles of Incorporation or of
                    the Code of Regulations of the corporation which affects

   30

                    adversely the preferences or voting or other rights of the
                    holders of Series A Shares, as specified under Subsection
                    5(c)(1) of this Division, and all of the following
                    conditions have been satisfied: (a) the corporation shall
                    have requested the vote or consent of the holders of the
                    Series A Shares to such amendment, alteration or repeal,
                    stating in such request that failing the requisite favorable
                    vote or consent the corporation will have the option to
                    redeem such shares, (b0 the corporation shall not have
                    received the requisite favorable vote or consent within 60
                    days after making such request (which shall be deemed to
                    have been made upon the mailing of the notice of any meeting
                    of holders of Series A Shares to vote upon such approval or
                    grant such consent) and (c) such amendment, alteration or
                    repeal, whether in connection with a merger, consolidation
                    or otherwise, shall be effected on the date fixed for such
                    redemption, which date shall be no more than one year after
                    such request is made. Any such redemption shall be on notice
                    as aforesaid at a redemption price of 425.00 per Series A
                    Share plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and
                    unpaid thereon to the redemption date.

          (e)  The amount payable per Series A Share in the event of any
               voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up
               of the affairs of the corporation shall be $25.00, plus an amount
               equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid thereon to the date of
               payment.

          IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Peter B. Lewis, President, and David M. Schneider,
Secretary, of The Progressive Corporation, acting for and on its behalf do
hereunto subscribe their names this fourteenth day of May, 1991.



                                             /s/ Peter B. Lewis              
                                             --------------------------------
                                             Peter B. Lewis, President
                                                                             
                                             /s/ David M. Schneider          
                                             --------------------------------
                                             David M. Schneider, Secretary   
                                                                             

   31


                            CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
                                       TO
                        AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                           THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION


PETER B. LEWIS, President, and DAVID M. SCHNEIDER, Secretary, of The Progressive
Corporation, an Ohio corporation for profit with its principal office at
Mayfield Village, Cuyahoga County, Ohio (the "Company"), do hereby certify that
a meeting of the Shareholders of the Company was duly called and held on April
23, 1993 at which meeting a quorum of the shareholders was present in person, or
by proxy, and by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitling them to
exercise a majority of the voting power of the Company on a proposal to amend
the Company's Amended Articles of Incorporation, the following resolution was
adopted:

RESOLVED, that the first paragraph of Article FOURTH of the Company's Amended
Articles of Incorporation, which precedes DIVISION A thereof be, and the same
is, hereby amended and restated in its entirety to provide as follows:

         FOURTH. The authorized number of shares of the corporation is
         225,000,000, consisting of 20,000,000 Serial Preferred Shares, without
         par value (hereinafter called "Serial Preferred Shares"), 5,000,000
         Voting Preference Shares, without par value (hereinafter called "Voting
         Preference Shares"), and 200,000 Common Shares, $1.00 par value
         (hereinafter called "Common Shares).

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Peter B. Lewis, President, and David M. Schneider, Secretary
of The Progressive Corporation, acting for and on its behalf do hereunto
subscribe their names this 23rd day of April, 1993.



                                             /s/ Peter B. Lewis              
                                             --------------------------------
                                             Peter B. Lewis, President
                                                                             
                                             /s/ David M. Schneider          
                                             --------------------------------
                                             David M. Schneider, Secretary   
                                                                             


   32


                            CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
                                       TO
                        AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
                                       OF
                           THE PROGRESSIVE CORPORATION


DAVID M. SCHNEIDER, Secretary of the Progressive Corporation, an Ohio
corporation for profit with its principal office at Mayfield Village, Cuyahoga
County, Ohio (the "Company"), does hereby certify that a meeting of the
Shareholders of the Company was duly called and held on April 24, 1998, at which
meeting a quorum of the Shareholders was present in person or by proxy, and by
the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitling them to exercise a
majority of the voting power of the Company on a proposal to amend the Company's
Amended Articles of Incorporation, the following resolution was adopted:

RESOLVED, that the first paragraph of Article FOURTH of the Company's Amended
Articles of Incorporation, which precedes DIVISION A thereof be, and the same
is, hereby amended and restated in its entirety to provide as follows:

         FOURTH. The authorized number of shares of the corporation is
         325,000,000, consisting of 20,000,000 Serial Preferred Shares, without
         par value (hereinafter called "Serial Preferred Shares"), 5,000,000
         Voting Preference Shares, without par value (hereinafter called "Voting
         Preference Shares"), and 300,000,000 Common Shares, $1.00 par value
         (hereinafter called "Common Shares").

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, David M. Schneider, Secretary of The Progressive
Corporation, acting for and on behalf of said corporation, does hereunto
subscribe his name this 24th day of April, 1998.





                                             /s/ David M. Schneider          
                                             --------------------------------
                                             David M. Schneider, Secretary