Exhibit 3.28
BY-LAWS
OF
SINCLAIR RADIO OF ALBUQUERQUE LICENSEE, INC.
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ARTICLE I
STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1.1 Annual Meetings. An annual meeting of stockholders
shall be held for the election of directors at such date, time and place, either
within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated by resolution of
the Board of Directors from time to time. Any other proper business may be
transacted at the annual meeting.
Section 1.2 Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders
for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Board of Directors,
or by a committee of the Board of Directors that has been duly designated by the
Board of Directors and whose powers and authority, as expressly provided in a
resolution of the Board of Directors, include the power to call such meetings,
but such special meetings may not be called by any other person or persons.
Section 1.3 Notice of Meetings. Whenever stockholders are
required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the
meeting shall be given that shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting
and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the
meeting is called. Unless otherwise provided by law, the certificate of
incorporation or these by-laws, the written notice of any meeting shall be given
not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting to
each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, such notice shall
be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid,
directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the
corporation.
Section 1.4 Adjournments. Any meeting of stockholders, annual
or special, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other
place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time
and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is
taken. At the adjourned meeting the corporation may transact any business which
might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for
more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed
for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to
each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
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Section 1.5 Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law, the
certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, at each meeting of stockholders
the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares of stock having a
majority of the votes which could be cast by the holders of all outstanding
shares of stock entitled to vote at the meeting shall be necessary and
sufficient to constitute a quorum. In the absence of a quorum, the stockholders
so present may, by majority vote, adjourn the meeting from time to time in the
manner provided in Section 1.4 of these by-laws until a quorum shall attend.
Shares of its own stock belonging to the corporation or to another corporation,
if a majority of the shares entitled to vote in the election of directors of
such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the corporation,
shall neither be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided,
however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the corporation to vote
stock, including but not limited to its own stock, held by it in a fiduciary
capacity.
Section 1.6 Organization. Meetings of stockholders shall be
presided over by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or in his absence by the
Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, or in his absence by the President, or in
his absence by a Vice President, or in the absence of the foregoing persons by a
chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such
designation by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as
secretary of the meeting, but in his absence the chairman of the meeting may
appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. The chairman of the
meeting shall announce at the meeting of stockholders the date and time of the
opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders
will vote.
Section 1.7 Voting; Proxies. Except as otherwise provided by
the certificate of incorporation, each stockholder entitled to vote at any
meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock
held by him which has voting power upon the matter in question. Each stockholder
entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent
to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or
persons to act for him by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon
after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.
A proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and
only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an
irrevocable power. A stockholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable
by attending the meeting and voting in person or by filing an instrument in
writing revoking the proxy or by delivering a proxy in accordance with
applicable law bearing a later date to the Secretary of the corporation. Voting
at meetings of stockholders need not be by written ballot and, unless otherwise
required by law, need not be conducted by inspectors of election unless so
determined by the holders of shares of stock having a majority of the votes
which could be cast by the holders of all outstanding shares of stock entitled
to vote thereon which are present in person or by proxy at such meeting. At all
meetings of stockholders for the election of directors a plurality of the votes
cast shall be sufficient to elect. All other elections and questions shall,
unless otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws, be decided by the vote of the holders of shares of stock having a
majority of the votes which could be cast by the holders of all shares of stock
outstanding and entitled to vote thereon.
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Section 1.8 Fixing Date for Determination of Stockholders of
Record. In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof,
or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or
entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment
of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change,
conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action,
the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not
precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by
the Board of Directors and which record date: (1) in the case of determination
of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders or adjournment
thereof, shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than sixty nor
less than ten days before the date of such meeting; (2) in the case of
determination of stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in
writing without a meeting, shall not be more than ten days from the date upon
which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors; and (3) in the case of any other action, shall not be more than sixty
days prior to such other action. If no record date is fixed: (1) the record date
for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day
on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on
the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; (2) the record date
for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in
writing without a meeting when no prior action of the Board of Directors is
required by law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent
setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the
corporation in accordance with applicable law, or, if prior action by the Board
of Directors is required by law, shall be at the close of business on the day on
which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action; and
(3) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be
at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the
resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders of record entitled
to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any
adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may
fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
Section 1.9 List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The
Secretary shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of
stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the
meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least
ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the
meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the
meeting, or if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held.
The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting
during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is
present. Upon the willful neglect or refusal of the directors to produce such a
list at any meeting for the election of directors, they shall be ineligible for
election to any office at such meeting. The stock ledger shall be the only
evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger,
the list of
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stockholders or the books of the corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy
at any meeting of stockholders.
Section 1.10 Action By Consent of Stockholders. Unless
otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation, any action required or
permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders may
be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a
consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be
signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum
number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a
meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and
shall be delivered (by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt
requested) to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State
of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the
corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of minutes of
stockholders are recorded. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action
without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those
stockholders who have not consented in writing.
Section 1.11 Conduct of Meetings. The Board of Directors of
the corporation may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the
conduct of the meeting of stockhold ers as it shall deem appropriate. Except to
the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board
of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right
and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all
such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper
conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted
by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may
include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda
or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining
order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on
attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the
corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons
as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to
the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v)
limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants.
Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of
the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in
accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
ARTICLE II
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 2.1 Number; Qualifications. The Board of Directors
shall consist of one or more members, the number thereof to be determined from
time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. Directors need not be
stockholders.
Section 2.2 Election; Resignation; Removal; Vacancies. At the
first annual meeting of stockholders and at each annual meeting thereafter, the
stockholders shall elect directors each of whom shall hold office for a term of
one year or until his successor is elected
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and qualified. Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the
corporation. Any newly created directorship or any vacancy occurring in the
Board of Directors for any cause may be filled by a majority of the remaining
members of the Board of Directors, although such majority is less than a quorum,
or by a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders, and each
director so elected shall hold office until the expiration of the term of office
of the director whom he has replaced or until his successor is elected and
qualified.
Section 2.3 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of
Directors may be held at such places within or without the State of Delaware and
at such times as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine, and if
so determined notices thereof need not be given.
Section 2.4 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of
Directors may be held at any time or place within or without the State of
Delaware whenever called by the President, any Vice President, the Secretary, or
by any member of the Board of Directors. Notice of a special meeting of the
Board of Directors shall be given by the person or persons calling the meeting
at least twenty-four hours before the special meeting.
Section 2.5 Telephonic Meetings Permitted. Members of the
Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may
participate in a meeting thereof by means of conference telephone or similar
communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the
meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this
by-law shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
Section 2.6 Quorum; Vote Required for Action. At all meetings
of the Board of Directors a majority of the whole Board of Directors shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Except in cases in which
the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws otherwise provide, the vote of
a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present
shall be the act of the Board of Directors.
Section 2.7 Organization. Meetings of the Board of Directors
shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, if any, or in his absence
by the Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, or in his absence by the President,
or in their absence by a chairman chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act
as secretary of the meeting, but in his absence the chairman of the meeting may
appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 2.8 Information Action by Directors. Unless otherwise
restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, any action
required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or
of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the
Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in
writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings
of the Board of Directors or such committee.
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ARTICLE III
COMMITTEES
Section 3.1 Committees. The Board of Directors may, by
resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate one
or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of
the corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as
alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified
member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a
member of the committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting
and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum,
may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the
meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee,
to the extent permitted by law and to the extent provided in the resolution of
the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority
of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the
corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all
papers which may require it.
Section 3.2 Committee Rules. Unless the Board of Directors
otherwise provides, each committee designated by the Board of Directors may
make, alter and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of
such rules each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the
Board of Directors conducts its business pursuant to Article II of these
by-laws.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 4.1 Executive Officers; Election; Qualifications; Term
of Office; Resignation; Removal; Vacancies. The Board of Directors shall elect a
President and Secretary, and it may, if it so determines, choose a Chairman of
the Board and a Vice Chairman of the Board from among its members. The Board of
Directors may also choose one or more Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant
Secretaries, a Treasurer and one or more Assistant Treasurers. Each such officer
shall hold office until the first meeting of the Board of Directors after the
annual meeting of stockholders next succeeding his election, and until his
successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal.
Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice to the corporation. The
Board of Directors may remove any officer with or without cause at any time, but
such removal shall be without prejudice to the contractual rights of such
officer, if any, with the corporation. Any number of offices may be held by the
same person. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation by death,
resignation, removal or otherwise may be filled for the unexpired portion of the
term by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting.
Section 4.2 Powers and Duties of Executive Officers. The
officers of the corporation shall have such powers and duties in the management
of the corporation as may be prescribed in a resolution by the Board of
Directors and, to the extent not so provided, as
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generally pertain to their respective offices, subject to the control of the
Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may require any officer, agent or
employee to give security for the faithful performance of his duties.
ARTICLE V
STOCK
Section 5.1 Certificates. Every holder of stock shall be
entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of the corporation by
the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or the
President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer,
or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the corporation certifying the
number of shares owned by him in the corporation. Any of or all the signatures
on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or
registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a
certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar
before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the
same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date
of issue.
Section 5.2 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Stock Certificates;
Issuance of New Certificates. The corporation may issue a new certificate of
stock in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have
been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the corporation may require the owner of the
lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the
corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made
against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such
certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 6.1 Right to Indemnification. The corporation shall
indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law
as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person who was or is
made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action,
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a
"proceeding") by reason of the fact that he, or a person for whom he is the
legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the corporation or is
or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture,
trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to
employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses
(including attorneys' fees) reasonably incurred by such person. The corporation
shall be required to indemnify a person in connection with a proceeding (or part
thereof) initiated by such person only if the proceeding (or part thereof) was
authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation.
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Section 6.2 Prepayment of Expenses. The corporation shall pay
the expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in defending any proceeding in
advance of its final disposition, provided, however, that the payment of
expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition
of the proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the
director or officer to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately
determined that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified under
this Article or otherwise.
Section 6.3 Claims. If a claim for indemnification or payment
of expenses under this Article is not paid in full within sixty days after a
written claim therefor has been received by the corporation, the claimant may
file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole
or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim.
In any such action the corporation shall have the burden of proving that the
claimant was not entitled to the requested indemnification or payment of
expenses under applicable law.
Section 6.4 Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on
any person by this Article VI shall not be exclusive of any other rights which
such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the
certificate of incorporation, these bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise.
Section 6.5 Other Indemnification. The corporation's
obligation, if any, to indemnify any person who was or is serving at its request
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity shall be reduced by any
amount such person may collect as indemnification from such other corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit enterprise.
Section 6.6 Amendment or Repeal. Any repeal or modification of
the foregoing provisions of this Article VI shall not adversely affect any right
or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission
occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.
ARTICLE VII
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 7.1 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation
shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 7.2 Seal. The corporate seal shall have the name of
the corporation inscribed thereon and shall be in such form as may be approved
from time to time by the Board of Directors.
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Section 7.3 Waiver of Notice of Meetings of Stockholders,
Directors and Committees. Any written waiver of notice, signed by the person
entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be
deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall
constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a
meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting,
to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any
regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors, or members of a
committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice.
Section 7.4 Interested Directors; Quorum. No contract or
transaction between the corporation and one or more of its directors or
officers, or between the corporation and any other corporation, partnership,
association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or
officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void
or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is
present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee
thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or
their votes are counted for such purpose, if: (1) the material facts as to his
relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or
are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors
or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the
affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the
disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (2) the material facts as to
his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed
or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or
transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders;
or (3) the contract or transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the time
it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a committee
thereof, or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in
determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or
of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.
Section 7.5 Form of Records. Any records maintained by the
corporation in the regular course of its business, including its stock ledger,
books of account, and minute books, may be kept on, or be in the form of, punch
cards, magnetic tape, photographs, microphotographs, or any other information
storage device, provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly
legible form within a reasonable time.
Section 7.6 Amendment of By-Laws. These by-laws may be altered
or repealed, and new by-laws made, by the Board of Directors, but the
stockholders may make additional by-laws and may alter and repeal any by-laws
whether adopted by them or otherwise.
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