EXHIBIT 3.3

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                                     BY-LAWS

                                       OF

                            MEDE AMERICA CORPORATION




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                       Incorporated under the Laws of the

                                State of Delaware



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                                  Adopted as of
                                February 13, 1995

                                  Amended as of
                         May 24, 1996 and July  , 1998



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                                TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                            Page

ARTICLE I        Offices......................................................1

ARTICLE II       Meetings of Stockholders.....................................1

  Section  1     Place of Meetings............................................1
  Section  2     Annual Meeting...............................................1
  Section  3     Special Meetings.............................................2
  Section  4     Notice of Meetings...........................................2
  Section  5     List of Stockholders.........................................2
  Section  6     Quorum.......................................................3
  Section  7     Voting.......................................................3
  Section  8     Proxies......................................................3
  Section  9     Action Without a Meeting.....................................3

ARTICLE III      Board of Directors...........................................4

  Section  1     Powers.......................................................4
  Section  2     Election and Term............................................4
  Section  3     Number.......................................................4
  Section  4     Notification of Nominations..................................4
  Section  5     Quorum and Manner of Acting..................................5
  Section  6     Organization Meeting.........................................5
  Section  7     Regular Meetings.............................................5
  Section  8     Special Meetings; Notice.....................................5
  Section  9     Removal of Directors.........................................5
  Section 10     Resignations.................................................6
  Section 11     Vacancies....................................................6
  Section 12     Compensation of Directors....................................6
  Section 13     Action Without a Meeting.....................................6
  Section 14     Telephonic Participation in Meetings.........................6
  Section 15     Committees...................................................6

ARTICLE IV       Officers.....................................................7

  Section  1     Principal Officers...........................................7
  Section  2     Election and Term of Office..................................7
  Section  3     Other Officers...............................................7
  Section  4     Removal......................................................7
  Section  5     Resignations.................................................7



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  Section  6     Vacancies.....................................................7
  Section  7     Chairman of the Board.........................................7
  Section  8     President.....................................................7
  Section  9     Vice President................................................8
  Section 10     Treasurer.....................................................8
  Section 11     Secretary.....................................................8
  Section 12     Salaries......................................................8

ARTICLE V        Indemnification...............................................8

  Section  1     Right of Indemnification......................................8
  Section  2     Expenses......................................................8
  Section  3     Agreements....................................................9
  Section  4     Other Rights of Indemnification...............................9
  Section  5     Indemnification of Employees and Agents.......................9
  Section  6     Insurance.....................................................9

ARTICLE VI       Shares and Their Transfer.....................................9

  Section  1     Certificate for Stock.........................................9
  Section  2     Stock Certificate Signature...................................9
  Section  3     Stock Ledger..................................................9
  Section  4     Cancellation.................................................10
  Section  5     Registrations of Transfers of Stock..........................10
  Section  6     Regulations..................................................10
  Section  7     Lost, Stolen, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates............10
  Section  8     Record Dates.................................................10

ARTICLE VII      Miscellaneous Provisions.....................................11

  Section  1     Corporate Seal...............................................11
  Section  2     Voting of Stocks Owned by the Corporation....................11
  Section  3     Dividends....................................................11

ARTICLE VIII     Amendments...................................................11




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                                     BY-LAWS

                                       OF

                            MEDE AMERICA CORPORATION

                            (a Delaware corporation)


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                                    ARTICLE I

                                     OFFICES

                  The  registered  office  of the  Corporation  in the  State of
Delaware shall be located in the City of Wilmington,  County of New Castle.  The
Corporation may establish or discontinue,  from time to time, such other offices
within or without the State of Delaware as may be deemed  proper for the conduct
of the Corporation's business.

                                   ARTICLE II

                            MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

                  Section 1. Place of Meetings.  All  meetings of  stock-holders
shall be held at such place or places,  within or without the State of Delaware,
as may  from  time to time be fixed by the  Board of  Directors,  or as shall be
specified in the respective notices, or waivers of notice, thereof.

                  Section  2.  Annual   Meeting.   (a)  The  annual  meeting  of
stockholders for the election of Directors and the transaction of other business
shall be held on such date and at such place as may be  designated  by the Board
of Directors.  At each annual  meeting the  stockholders  entitled to vote shall
elect a Board of Directors  and may transact  such other proper  business as may
come before the meeting.

                  (b) To be properly brought before an annual meeting,  business
must be (i) specified in the notice of the meeting (or any  supplement  thereto)
given by or at the  direction  of the  Chairman  of the  meeting or the Board of
Directors,  (ii)  otherwise  properly  brought  before the  meeting by or at the
direction  of the  Chairman  of the meeting or the Board of  Directors  or (iii)
otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder.  For business to
be properly  brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder,  the stockholder
must have given written notice thereof, either by personal delivery or by United
States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary of the Corporation, not more than
90 days or less






than 60 days in advance of the  anniversary  date of the  immediately  preceding
annual  meeting.  Any  such  notice  shall  set  forth  as to  each  matter  the
stockholder  proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description
of the  business  desired to be brought  before the  meeting and the reasons for
conducting  such  business at the meeting,  and in the event that such  business
includes a proposal to amend either the Certificate of  Incorporation or By-laws
of the Corporation,  the language of the proposed  amendment;  (ii) the name and
address of the stockholder proposing such business;  (iii) a representation that
the  stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the  Corporation  entitled to
vote at such  meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting
to propose such business;  (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such
business;  and (v) if the  stockholder  intends to solicit proxies in support of
such stockholder's  proposal, a representation to that effect. No business shall
be conducted at an annual meeting of stockholders except in accordance with this
Section 2(b),  and the Chairman of the meeting may refuse to permit any business
to be brought before an annual  meeting  without  compliance  with the foregoing
procedures  or  if  the  stockholder   solicits   proxies  in  support  of  such
stockholder's  proposal without such stockholder  having made the representation
required by clause (v) of the preceding sentence.

                  Section 3. Special Meetings.  Except as otherwise  required by
law,  special  meetings of the  stockholders  for any purpose or purposes may be
called only by the Chairman of the Board,  the  President,  or a majority of the
entire Board of  Directors.  Only such business as is specified in the notice of
any special meeting of the stockholders shall come before such meeting.

                  Section  4.  Notice of  Meetings.  Whenever  stockholders  are
required or permitted to take any action at a meeting,  a written  notice of the
meeting  shall  be given  which  shall  state  the  place,  date and hour of the
meeting,  and, in the case of a special  meeting,  the  purpose or purposes  for
which the  meeting is called.  Unless  otherwise  provided  by law,  the written
notice of any meeting  shall be given not less than ten nor more than sixty days
before the date of the meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at
such meeting.  If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited
in the United States mail, postage prepaid,  directed to the stockholder at such
stockholder's  address as it appears on the records of the  Corporation.  Notice
shall not be required to be given to any stockholder who shall waive such notice
in writing,  whether  prior to or after such  meeting,  or who shall attend such
meeting in person or by proxy unless such  attendance is for the express purpose
of  objecting,  at the  beginning of such meeting,  to the  transactions  of any
business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

                  Section 5. List of  Stockholders.  It shall be the duty of the
Secretary or other officer of the Corporation who shall have charge of the stock
ledger (or a transfer agent or similar entity appointed to perform such duty) to
prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of the stockholders,  a
complete  list  of the  stockholders  entitled  to  vote  thereat,  arranged  in
alphabetical  order,  and showing the address of each stockholder and the number
of shares  registered in his name. Such list shall be open to the examination of
any  stockholder,  for any  purpose  germane  to the  meeting,  during  ordinary
business hours,  for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting,  either
at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be
specified in the notice of the meeting,  or, if not so  specified,  at the place
where the meeting is to be held. The list shall be kept and produced at the time
and place of the  meeting  during  the whole  time  thereof  and  subject to the
inspection  of any  stockholder  who may be present.  The  original or duplicate
ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are



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the  stockholders  entitled to examine such list or the books of the Corporation
or to vote in person or by proxy at such meeting.

                  Section 6. Quorum.  At each meeting of the  stockholders,  the
holders of record of a  majority  of the  issued  and  outstanding  stock of the
Corporation  entitled  to vote at such  meeting,  present in person or by proxy,
shall  constitute  a  quorum  for the  transaction  of  business,  except  where
otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws. In
the absence of a quorum, any officer entitled to preside at, or act as Secretary
of, such  meeting  shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time
until a quorum shall be constituted.

                  Section 7. Voting. Every stockholder of record who is entitled
to vote shall at every meeting of the  stockholders  be entitled to one vote for
each share of stock held by him on the record date; except, however, that shares
of its own stock  belonging to the Corporation or to another  corporation,  if a
majority of the shares  entitled to vote in the  election of  directors  of such
other corporation is held by the Corporation,  shall neither be entitled to vote
nor counted for quorum pur poses.  Nothing in this Section shall be construed as
limiting  the right of the  Corporation  to vote its own  stock  held by it in a
fiduciary capacity. At all meetings of the stockholders, a quorum being present,
all matters shall be decided by majority vote of the shares of stock entitled to
vote held by  stockholders  present in person or by proxy,  except as  otherwise
required  by law or the  Certificate  of  Incorporation.  Unless  demanded  by a
stockholder of the  Corporation  present in person or by proxy at any meeting of
the  stockholders and entitled to vote thereat or so directed by the chairman of
the meeting or required by law, the vote thereat on any question  need not be by
written ballot. On a vote by written ballot,  each ballot shall be signed by the
stockholder  voting,  or in his name by his proxy,  if there be such proxy,  and
shall  state the number of shares  voted by him and the number of votes to which
each share is entitled.

                  Section 8.  Proxies.  Each  stockholder  entitled to vote at a
meeting of  stockholders  or to express  consent to corporate  action in writing
without a meeting  may  authorize  another  person or  persons to act for him by
proxy.  A proxy  acting  for any  stockholder  shall  be  duly  appointed  by an
instrument in writing  subscribed by such  stockholder.  No proxy shall be valid
after the  expiration  of three  years  from the date  thereof  unless the proxy
provides for a longer period.

                  Section 9. Action Without a Meeting. Any action required to be
taken at any annual or special  meeting of  stockholders or any action which may
be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a
meeting,  without  prior  notice  and  without a vote,  if a consent  in writing
setting forth the action so taken shall be signed by the holders of  outstanding
stock  having not less than the minimum  number of votes that would be necessary
to  authorize  or take such action at a meeting at which all shares  entitled to
vote  thereon  were  present  and  voted.  Prompt  notice  of the  taking of the
corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous  written consent shall
be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.



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                                   ARTICLE III

                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

                  Section 1. Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation
shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors.

                  Section 2. Election and Term. Except as otherwise  provided by
law,  Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders and shall
hold  office  until the next  annual  meeting of  stockholders  and until  their
successors  are elected  and  qualify,  or until they sooner die,  resign or are
removed.  At each annual meeting of stockholders,  at which a quorum is present,
the  persons  receiving a  plurality  of the votes cast shall be the  Directors.
Acceptance of the office of Director may be expressed orally or in writing,  and
attendance at the organization meeting shall constitute such acceptance.

                  Section  3.  Number.  The  number of  Directors  shall be such
number as shall be  determined  from time to time by the Board of Directors  but
shall not be less than three nor more than eleven and initially shall be two.

                  Section 4.  Notification of  Nominations.  Nominations for the
election  of  directors  may  be  made  by  the  Board  of  Directors  or by any
stockholder  entitled to vote for the  election of  directors.  Any  stockholder
entitled to vote for the election of directors at a meeting may nominate persons
for election as directors only if written notice of such stockholder's intent to
make such nomination is given,  either by personal  delivery or by United States
mail,  postage prepaid,  to the Secretary of the Corporation (i) with respect to
an election to be held at an annual meeting of  stockholders,  not more than 120
days or less than 90 days in advance of the anniversary  date of the immediately
preceding  annual meeting,  and (ii) with respect to an election to be held at a
special  meeting of stockholders  for the election of directors,  not later than
the close of business on the seventh day  following  the date on which notice of
such  meeting is first given to  stockholders.  Each such notice shall set forth
(a) the name and address of the  stockholder  who intends to make the nomination
and of the person or  persons to be  nominated;  (b) a  representation  that the
stockholder  is a holder of record of stock of the Corpora tion entitled to vote
at such  meeting  and  intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to
nominate the person or persons specified in the notice; (c) a description of all
arrangements or understandings  between the stockholder and each nominee and any
other person or persons  (naming  such person or persons)  pursuant to which the
nomination  or  nominations  are to be made by the  stockholder;  (d) such other
information  regarding each nominee  proposed by such  stockholder as would have
been required to be included in a proxy  statement  filed  pursuant to the proxy
rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission had each nominee been nominated,
or intended to be nominated, by the Board of Directors;  (e) the consent of each
nominee to serve as a director of the corporation if so elected;  and (f) if the
stockholder  intends  to  solicit  proxies  in  support  of  such  stockholder's
nominee(s),  a  representation  to that effect.  The Chairman of the meeting may
refuse  to  acknowledge  the  nomina  tion of any  person  which was not made in
accordance with the foregoing  procedure or if the stock holder  nominating such
person(s) solicits proxies in support of such  stockholder's  nominee(s) without
such stockholder  having made the  representation  required by clause (f) of the
preceding sentence.



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                  Section  5.  Quorum and  Manner of  Acting.  Unless  otherwise
provided by law,  the  presence of 50% of the whole Board of  Directors  (or any
committee thereof) shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction
of business. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the Directors present may
adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present. Notice of
any adjourned meeting need not be given. At all meetings of Directors,  a quorum
being  present,  all  matters  shall be  decided  by the  affirmative  vote of a
majority of the  Directors  present,  except as  otherwise  required by law. The
Board of  Directors  (or any  committee  thereof)  may hold its meetings at such
place or  places  within  or  without  the  State of  Delaware  as the  Board of
Directors  may from  time to time  determine  or as shall  be  specified  in the
respective notices, or waivers of notice, thereof.

                  Section 6. Organization Meeting. Immediately after each annual
meeting of stockhold  ers for the  election of Directors  the Board of Directors
shall meet at the place of the annual meeting of stockholders for the purpose of
organization,  the election of officers and the  transaction of other  business.
Notice of such meeting  need not be given.  If such meeting is held at any other
time or place, notice thereof must be given as hereinafter  provided for special
meetings of the Board of Directors,  subject to the execution of a waiver of the
notice  thereof  signed by, or the  attendance at such meeting of, all Directors
who may not have received such notice.

                  Section 7. Regular Meetings.  Regular meetings of the Board of
Directors will be held  quarterly,  as regularly  scheduled,  and may be held at
such place, within or without the State of Delaware,  as shall from time to time
be  determined   by  the  Board  of   Directors.   After  there  has  been  such
determination,  and notice  thereof  has been once  given to each  member of the
Board of  Directors  as  hereinafter  provided  for  special  meetings,  regular
meetings may be held without further notice being given.

                  Section 8. Special Meetings;  Notice.  Special meetings of the
Board of Directors (or any committee  thereof) shall be held whenever  called by
the  Chairman  of the Board,  if any,  the  President  or by a  majority  of the
Directors.  Notice  of each  such  meeting  shall be  mailed  to each  Director,
addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, at least five days
before the date on which the  meeting is to be held,  or shall be sent to him at
such place by telegraph, cable, radio or wireless, or be delivered personally or
by telephone,  not later than the day before the day on which such meeting is to
be held;  provided,  however,  that any such  notice  relating to a meeting of a
committee of the Board of Directors  need only be sent to each Director  serving
on such  committee.  Each  such  notice  shall  state  the time and place of the
meeting and, as may be required, the purposes thereof.  Notice of any meeting of
the  Board of  Directors  (or any  committee  thereof)  need not be given to any
Director if he shall sign a written  waiver  thereof  either before or after the
time stated therein for such meeting,  or if he shall be present at the meeting.
Unless  limited by law,  the  Company's  Certificate  of Incorpora  tion,  these
By-laws  or the  terms  of the  notice  thereof,  any  and all  business  may be
transacted  at any  meeting  without  the  notice  thereof  having  specifically
identified the matters to be acted upon.

                  Section 9.  Removal of  Directors.  Any Director or the entire
Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, at any time, by action
of the holders of record of the majority of the issued and outstanding  stock of
the  Corporation  (a)  present  in person or by proxy at a meeting of holders of
such stock and  entitled  to vote  thereon or (b) by a consent in writing in the
manner  contemplated in Section 9 of Article II, and the vacancy or vacancies in
the Board of Directors caused



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by any such  removal may be filled by action of such a majority at such  meeting
or at any subsequent meeting or by consent.

                  Section 10. Resignations.  Any Director of the Corporation may
resign at any time by giving  written  notice to the  Chairman of the Board,  if
any, the President, the Vice President or the Secretary of the Corporation.  The
resignation  of any Director shall take effect upon receipt of notice thereof or
at such later time as shall be specified in such notice;  and, unless  otherwise
specified therein,  the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to
make it effective.

                  Section 11. Vacancies. Any vacancies on the Board of Directors
resulting from death,  resignation,  removal or other cause shall only be filled
by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office,
even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, or by a sole remaining
director,  and newly created  directorships  resulting  from any increase in the
number of  directors  shall be filled  by the Board of  Directors,  or if not so
filled,  by the  stockholders at the next annual meeting thereof or at a special
meeting  called for that purpose in  accordance  with  Article II,  Section 3 of
these By-laws.  Any director  elected in accordance with the preceding  sentence
shall hold office for the  remainder of the full term of such director and until
such director's successor shall have been elected and qualified.

                  Section 12.  Compensation  of Directors.  Directors,  as such,
shall not receive any stated  salary for their  services,  but, by resolution of
the Board,  a specific  sum fixed by the Board plus  expenses may be allowed for
attendance  at each  regular  or special  meeting of the Board or any  committee
thereof; provided,  however, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to
preclude any Director from serving the  Corporation  or any parent or subsidiary
corporation  thereof in any other  capacity and receiving  compensation  in such
capacity.

                  Section 13. Action Without a Meeting.  Any action  required or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors (or any committee
thereof) may be taken without a meeting if a written  consent  thereto is signed
by all members of the Board (or such  committee),  and such  written  consent is
filed with the minutes or proceedings of the Board.

                  Section 14. Telephonic  Participation in Meetings.  Members of
the Board of Directors (or any committee  thereof) may  participate in a meeting
of the Board (or such  committee)  by means of  conference  telephone or similar
communications  equipment  by means of which all persons  participat  ing in the
meeting can hear each other, and such participation shall constitute presence in
person at such meeting.

                  Section 15.  Committees.  The Board of  Directors  may appoint
such committees of the Board of Directors as it may deem  appropriate,  and such
committees shall exercise the authority delegated to them. The membership of any
such  committee  shall  consist of such  Directors as the Board of Directors may
deem  advisable  from time to time to serve.  The Board of Directors may fill in
any vacancies on any committee as they occur. Each committee shall meet as often
as its business may require.



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                                   ARTICLE IV

                                    OFFICERS

                  Section 1. Principal  Officers.  The Board of Directors  shall
elect a  President,  a Secretary  and a Treasurer,  and may in addition  elect a
Chairman of the Board,  one or more Vice Presi dents and such other  officers as
it deems fit; the President,  the Secretary,  the Treasurer, the Chairman of the
Board, if any, and the Vice Presidents,  if any, being the principal officers of
the Corporation. One person may hold, and perform the duties of, any two or more
of said offices.

                  Section 2. Election and Term of Office. The principal officers
of the  Corporation  shall be elected  annually by the Board of Directors at the
organization  meeting  thereof.  Each such  officer  shall hold office until his
successor shall have been elected and shall qualify, or until his earlier death,
resignation or removal.

                  Section 3. Other Officers.  In addition,  the Board may elect,
or the Chairman of the Board,  if any, or the President may appoint,  such other
officers  as they  deem  fit.  Any such  other  officers  chosen by the Board of
Directors  shall be subordinate  officers and shall hold office for such period,
have such  authority  and  perform  such duties as the Board of  Directors,  the
Chairman of the Board, if any, or the President may from time to time determine.

                  Section 4. Removal. Any officer may be removed, either with or
without cause,  at any time, by resolution  adopted by the Board of Directors at
any regular  meeting of the Board, or at any special meeting of the Board called
for that purpose, at which a quorum is present.

                  Section 5. Resignations. Any officer may resign at any time by
giving written notice to the Chairman of the Board,  if any, the President,  the
Secretary or the Board of Directors. Any such resignation shall take effect upon
receipt  of such  notice or at any later time  specified  therein;  and,  unless
otherwise  specified  therein,  the acceptance of such resignation  shall not be
necessary to make it effective.

                  Section  6.  Vacancies.  A vacancy in any office may be filled
for the unexpired  portion of the term in the manner prescribed in these By-laws
for election or appointment to such office for such term.

                  Section 7. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board of
Directors if one be elected,  shall preside,  if present, at all meetings of the
Board of Directors  and he shall have and perform such other duties as from time
to time may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.

                  Section  8.  President.  The  President  shall  be  the  chief
executive  officer of the  Corpora  tion and shall have the  general  powers and
duties of supervision  and management  usually vested in the office of president
of a  corporation.  He shall  preside at all  meetings  of the  stockholders  if
present thereat, and in the absence or non-election of the Chairman of the Board
of Directors, at all meetings of the Board of Directors,  and shall have general
supervision, direction and control of the business of the Corporation. Except as
the Board of Directors shall authorize the execution thereof in some other



                                        7





manner, he shall execute bonds, mortgages,  and other contracts on behalf of the
Corporation,  and shall cause the seal to be affixed to any instrument requiring
it and when so  affixed  the seal  shall be  attested  by the  signature  of the
Secretary or the Treasurer.

                  Section 9. Vice President. Each Vice President shall have such
powers  and  shall  perform  such  duties  as  shall be  assigned  to him by the
directors.

                  Section 10.  Treasurer.  The  Treasurer  shall have charge and
custody of, and be responsible for, all funds and securities of the Corporation.
He shall exhibit at all reasonable times his books of account and records to any
of the Directors of the Corporation  upon  application  during business hours at
the office of the  Corporation  where such books and records shall be kept; when
requested  by the  Board of  Directors,  he  shall  render  a  statement  of the
condition of the finances of the  Corporation  at any meeting of the Board or at
the annual  meeting of  stockholders;  he shall  receive,  and give receipt for,
moneys  due and  payable  to the  Corporation  from any  source  whatsoever;  in
general, he shall perform all the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and
such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Chairman of
the Board of Directors,  the President or the Board of Directors.  The Treasurer
shall give such bond,  if any, for the  faithful  discharge of his duties as the
Board of Directors may require.

                  Section 11. Secretary. The Secretary, if present, shall act as
secretary at all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the  stockholders and
keep the minutes thereof in a book or books to be provided for that purpose;  he
shall see that all  notices  required  to be given by the  Corporation  are duly
given and served;  he shall have charge of the stock records of the Corporation;
he shall see that all reports,  statements and other  documents  required by law
are  properly  kept and filed;  and in general he shall  perform  all the duties
incident to the office of  Secretary  and such other duties as from time to time
may be assigned to him by the President or the Board of Directors.

                  Section 12. Salaries.  The salaries of the principal  officers
shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors,  and the salaries of
any other officers may be fixed by the President.

                                    ARTICLE V

                                 INDEMNIFICATION

                  Section  1.  Right of  Indemnification.  Every  person  now or
hereafter  serving as a director  or officer of the  Corporation  and every such
director  or officer  serving at the request of the  Corporation  as a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation,  partnership,  joint venture,
trust or other enterprise, shall be indemnified by the Corporation in accordance
with and to the  fullest  extent  permitted  by law for the  defense  of,  or in
connection  with,  any  threatened,   pending  or  completed  action,   suit  or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative.

                  Section 2. Expenses. Expenses incurred in defending a civil or
criminal action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of
the final  disposition  of such action,  suit or proceeding as authorized by the
Board of Directors in the specific case upon receipt of an undertaking



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by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount unless it shall
ultimately  be  determined  that  he  is  entitled  to  be  indemnified  by  the
Corporation as authorized in this Article V.

                  Section 3. Agreements. The Company is authorized to enter into
indemnification  agreements with any of its directors or officers subject to the
provisions of this Article V.

                  Section  4.  Other  Rights  of  Indemnification.  The right of
indemnification  herein  provided  shall  not be deemed  exclusive  of any other
rights to which any such  director or officer may now or  hereafter  be entitled
under any by-law,  agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or
otherwise,  both as to  action  in his  official  capacity  and as to  action in
another  capacity  while holding such office,  and shall continue as to a person
who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the
heirs, executors and administrators of such person.

                  Section 5. Indemnification of Employees and Agents. The rights
of  indemnification  provided to directors and officers in this Article V may be
applicable, at the discretion of the Company, to its employees and agents.

                  Section 6.  Insurance.  The Company is  authorized to purchase
insurance  on behalf of any person whom it is required or permitted to indemnify
according to this Article V.

                                   ARTICLE VI

                            SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER

                  Section 1.  Certificate  for Stock.  Every  stockholder of the
Corporation  shall be entitled to a certificate or  certificates,  to be in such
form as the Board of Directors shall prescribe,  certifying the number of shares
of the capital stock of the  Corporation  owned by him. No certificate  shall be
issued for partly paid shares.

                  Section 2. Stock Certificate  Signature.  The certificates for
such  stock  shall be  numbered  in the order in which  they shall be issued and
shall be signed by the  President  or any Vice  President  and the  Secretary or
Treasurer  of the  Corporation  and its seal shall be affixed  thereto.  If such
certificate is countersigned  (1) by a transfer agent other than the Corporation
or its  employee,  or,  (2) by a  registrar  other than the  Corporation  or its
employee,  the signatures of such officers of the Corporation may be facsimiles.
In case any  officer  of the  Corporation  who has  signed,  or whose  facsimile
signature  has been placed upon,  any such  certificate  shall have ceased to be
such  officer  before  such  certificate  is  issued,  it may be  issued  by the
Corporation  with the same  effect  as if he were  such  officer  at the date of
issue.

                  Section  3.  Stock  Ledger.  A  record  shall  be  kept by the
Secretary or by any other officer,  employee or agent designated by the Board of
Directors of the name of each person,  firm or corporation holding capital stock
of the  Corporation,  the number of shares  represented  by, and the  respective
dates of, each  certificate for such capital stock,  and in case of cancellation
of any such certificate, the respective dates of cancellation.



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                  Section 4. Cancellation.  Every certificate surrendered to the
Corporation for exchange or  registration of transfer shall be canceled,  and no
new  certificate  or  certificates  shall be issued in exchange for any existing
certificate until such existing certificate shall have been so canceled, except,
subject to Section 7 of this  Article VI, in cases  provided  for by  applicable
law.

                  Section 5. Registrations of Transfers of Stock.  Registrations
of transfers of shares of the capital stock of the Corporation  shall be made on
the  books  of the  Corporation  by the  registered  holder  thereof,  or by his
attorney thereunto  authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with
the Secretary of the  Corporation  or with a transfer  clerk or a transfer agent
appointed as in Section 6 of this  Article VI provided,  and on surrender of the
certificate or certificates for such shares properly endorsed and the payment of
all taxes  thereon.  The person in whose name shares of stock stand on the books
of the Corporation shall be deemed the owner thereof for all purposes as regards
the Corporation;  provided,  however, that whenever any transfer of shares shall
be made for collateral security, and not absolutely, it shall be so expressed in
the  entry of the  transfer  if,  when the  certificates  are  presented  to the
Corporation  for transfer,  both the transferor  and the transferee  request the
Corporation to do so.

                  Section 6.  Regulations.  The Board of Directors may make such
rules  and  regulations  as it may deem  expedient,  not  inconsistent  with the
Certificate of Incorporation or these By- laws,  concerning the issue,  transfer
and registration of certificates for shares of the stock of the Corporation.  It
may appoint,  or authorize any principal officer or officers to appoint,  one or
more transfer clerks or one or more transfer agents and one or more  registrars,
and may require all certificates of stock to bear the signature or signatures of
any of them.

                  Section 7. Lost, Stolen,  Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates.
Before any certificates for stock of the Corporation shall be issued in exchange
for  certificates  which  shall  become  mutilated  or shall be lost,  stolen or
destroyed,  proper evidence of such loss, theft, mutilation or destruction shall
be procured for the Board of Directors, if it so requires.

                  Section 8. Record Dates.  For the purpose of  determining  the
stockholders  entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or
any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution  or allotment of any rights,  or entitled to exercise any rights in
respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any
other lawful  action,  the Board of Directors  may fix, in advance,  a date as a
record date for any such  determination of stockholders.  Such record date shall
not be more than sixty or less than ten days before the date of such meeting, or
more than sixty days prior to any other action. If a record date is not fixed by
the  Board  of  Directors  as  aforesaid,  (i) the  date  for  determination  of
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
be the close of business on the day next  preceding  the day on which  notice is
given,  or if no notice is given,  the day next  preceding  the day on which the
meeting is held, and (ii) the record date for determining  stockholders  for any
purpose  other than that  specified in clause (i) shall be the close of business
on the day on which the resolution of the Board of Directors relating thereto is
adopted.



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                                   ARTICLE VII

                            MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

                  Section  1.  Corporate  Seal.  The  Board of  Directors  shall
provide a corporate seal,  which shall be in the form of a circle and shall bear
the  name  of  the  Corporation  and  words  and  figures  showing  that  it was
incorporated  in the State of Delaware in the year 1995. The Secretary  shall be
the custodian of the seal. The Board of Directors may authorize a duplicate seal
to be kept and used by any other officer.

                  Section  2.  Voting of Stocks  Owned by the  Corporation.  The
Board of Directors  may  authorize  any person on behalf of the  Corporation  to
attend,  vote and grant proxies to be used at any meeting of stockholders of any
corporation (except the Corporation) in which the Corporation may hold stock.

                  Section  3.  Dividends.  Subject  to  the  provisions  of  the
Certificate of  Incorporation,  the Board of Directors may, out of funds legally
available therefor, at any regular or special meeting declare dividends upon the
capital  stock  of the  Corporation  as and when  they  deem  expedient.  Before
declaring  any  dividend  there  may  be set  apart  out  of  any  funds  of the
Corporation  available for dividends such sum or sums as the Directors from time
to time in their discretion deem proper for working capital or as a reserve fund
to meet contingencies or for equalizing  dividends or for such other purposes as
the Board of Directors shall deem conducive to the interests of the Corporation.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                   AMENDMENTS

                  These By-laws of the  Corporation  may be altered,  amended or
repealed by the Board of Directors at (a) any regular or special  meeting of the
Board of Directors,  provided,  however,  that the Board of Directors may alter,
amend or repeal  the  provisions  of these  By-laws  relating  to the  number of
Directors only if all the members of the Board of Directors  consent  thereto in
writing,  or (b) by the affirmative  vote of the holders of record of a majority
of the issued and outstanding  stock of the Corporation (i) present in person or
by proxy at a meeting of holders of such stock and  entitled to vote  thereon or
(ii) by a consent in writing in the manner  contemplated in Section 9 of Article
II,  provided,  however,  that notice of the proposed  alteration,  amendment or
repeal is  contained  in the notice of such  meeting.  By-laws,  whether made or
altered by the  stockholders  or by the Board of Directors,  shall be subject to
alteration or repeal by the stockholders as in this Article VIII above provided.



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