As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 16, 2000
Registration No. 333-95377
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
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Amendment No. 4 to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
The Securities Act of 1933
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NOOSH, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 7379 77-0495080
(State or other
jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or
organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number)
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3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California, 94304
(650) 320-6000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of
registrant's principal executive offices)
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Ofer Ben-Shachar
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304
(650) 320-6000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of agent for service)
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Copies To:
Laura A. Berezin, Esq. Steven B. Stokdyk, Esq.
Cooley Godward LLP Sullivan & Cromwell
Five Palo Alto Square 1888 Century Park East Blvd., 21st Floor
3000 El Camino Real Los Angeles, California 90067
Palo Alto, CA 94306-2155 (310) 712-6600
(650) 843-5000
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), check the following box. [_]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [_]
If delivery of the Prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [_]
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or
dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant
shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration
statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with section 8(a) of
the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become
effective on such date as the commission, acting pursuant to said section
8(a), may determine.
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These +
+securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the +
+Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus +
+is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in +
+any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Subject to Completion. Dated May 16, 2000.
4,000,000 Shares
[LOGO OF NOOSH, INC.]
NOOSH, Inc.
Common Stock
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This is an initial public offering of common stock of NOOSH, Inc. All of the
4,000,000 shares of common stock are being sold by NOOSH.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock.
We estimate the initial public offering price will be between $11.00 and $13.00
per share. We have applied to have our common stock listed for quotation on the
Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "NOSH".
See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 8 to read about factors you should
consider before buying shares of our common stock.
----------
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body
has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or
accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
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Per Share Total
--------- -----
Initial public offering price.................................. $ $
Underwriting discount.......................................... $ $
Proceeds, before expenses, to NOOSH............................ $ $
To the extent that the underwriters sell more than 4,000,000 shares of common
stock, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional 600,000
shares from NOOSH at the initial public offering price less the underwriting
discount.
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The underwriters expect to deliver the shares in New York, New York on
, 2000.
Goldman, Sachs & Co. Robertson Stephens
Banc of America Securities LLC
PaineWebber Incorporated
E*OFFERING
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Prospectus dated , 2000
[Description of Inside Front Cover Graphic: Graphic depicts the print job
work-flow and communication process before and after Noosh.com.
The graphic on the left-hand side of the page depicts the process before
Noosh.com and contains circles, squares and triangles, arranged in a circular
pattern, representing the parties involved in the print production process. In
the center of the circle is a square representing a print broker, a circle
representing the printing sales representative and a triangle representing the
print buyer. Connecting the three parties in the center of the circle with the
parties forming the outside of the circle are numerous lines representing the
multiple interactions among the multiple parties prior to deploying our
Noosh.com service.
The graphic on the right-hand side of the page depicts the process after
Noosh.com and also contains circles, squares and triangles, arranged in a
circular pattern, representing the parties involved in the print production
process. In the center of the circle is the Noosh logo. Lines connect the
Noosh logo with each of the parties forming the outside of the circle
representing the fact that Noosh acts as a central location enabling
collaboration among all the parties involved in the print production process.]
Top caption:
Noosh leverages the power of the Internet
to improve the process of managing the design,
procurement and production of print projects.
Caption below Caption below
left-hand graphic: right-hand graphic:
Traditional Process of Process of Managing Print Using Noosh.com
Managing Print
[Description of gatefold graphics: Graphic depicts Web site page views of our
Noosh.com service. In the center is a depiction of the first page of our Web
site. Underneath, in a semi-circle, are five additional graphics depicting other
Web site page views correlating to features available on Noosh.com. Features
highlighted are "Open Job", "Request/Accept Estimates", Collaborate", "Order
Management/Event Tracking", "Ship Completed Jobs" and "Management
Reporting."
Open Jobs: The Jobs page contains current job status, due date, and key
contact information.
Request/Accept
Estimates: Print jobs can be created and submitted by buyers and quoted
online by print vendors.
Collaborate: Users can build job teams consisting of participants from
multiple organizations.
Order
Management/Event
Tracking: The noosh.com service provides online ordering, confirmation
and order status reports.
Ship Completed
Jobs: Print buyers can choose to ship projects to one or multiple
locations, and noosh.com tracks the status of shipments.
Management
Reporting: Noosh.com provides access to real-time job-management
reports.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
You should read the following summary together with the more detailed
information regarding NOOSH, Inc., and our financial statements and the related
notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated, this
summary and all the information in this prospectus assumes the automatic
conversion of all outstanding shares of our preferred stock into shares of
common stock upon the closing of this offering and no exercise of the
underwriters' over-allotment option.
Our Business
We are a provider of business-to-business e-commerce solutions for the
printing industry. We have developed and operate noosh.com, an Internet-based
service for managing the design, procurement and production of print orders.
Our service can be used to manage print products as diverse as business cards
and stationery, promotional brochures and direct mail, customized packaging and
labels, and books and magazines. Our service leverages the benefits of the
Internet to enable print buyers, print vendors and other providers of related
services to communicate and collaborate efficiently through the complex, multi-
step process of a print job.
Our service is primarily targeted at large corporations which budget at
least $10 million annually for their print buying requirements and their print
vendors. Print vendors who use our service generally pay us a transaction fee
based on the size and volume of the print order, and print buyers who use our
service generally pay us a monthly fee. As of May 11, 2000 over 40 print buyers
have signed agreements with us to use our service. Of these, Bank of America
Corp., the General Electric Company and Wells Fargo & Company have encouraged
their printers to use our noosh.com service. In addition, to promote the
acceptance of our service by large national corporations, we have entered into
agreements with national vendors in the print industry under which they have
agreed to market our service to their customers. To date, we have entered into
four such print vendor agreements with Consolidated Graphics, Inc., Moore North
America, Inc., R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company and Wallace Computer Services,
Inc. under which they have agreed to market our services to their customers. As
of May 11, 2000, we have also entered into agreements to use our service with
over 198 smaller printers, pre-press vendors and print brokers. None of our
company agreements obligate the print buyers, print vendors, pre-press vendors
and print brokers to use our service and as of March 31, 2000 we had not
generated significant revenue from these agreements. From January 1, 2000
through March 31, 2000, over 487 print orders have been issued by print buyers
and accepted by print vendors through our noosh.com service.
We were incorporated in August 1998 and have a limited operating history. For
the three-month period ended March 31, 2000, we had revenue of $68,000. From
inception through December 31, 1999, we were a development stage company and
did not have any revenue. We also have a history of significant losses. We
incurred a net loss of $17.6 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 and a
net loss of $20.7 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. As
of March 31, 2000, we had an accumulated deficit of $38.6 million. We
anticipate that we will continue to incur operating losses and negative
operating cash flow in the foreseeable future. In addition, we operate in a
competitive industry in which new competitors can enter with little difficulty.
Accordingly, we expect competition in the market for print management services
to intensify in the future. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 6 to read
about these and other factors you should consider before buying our shares.
3
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in California in August 1998 and reincorporated in
Delaware in March 2000. Our corporate offices are located at 3401 Hillview
Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304. Our telephone number at that location is
(650) 320-6000. Information contained on our Web site does not constitute part
of this prospectus. We have filed for federal trademark registration for
NOOSHSM, the NOOSHSM logo and LiveJobsSM. Other trademarks and tradenames
appearing in this prospectus are the property of their holders.
4
The Offering
Common stock offered by NOOSH.............. 4,000,000 shares
Common stock to be outstanding after this
offering.................................. 37,602,173 shares
Use of proceeds............................ For working capital and general
corporate purposes. See "Use of
Proceeds".
Proposed Nasdaq National Market symbol..... "NOSH"
The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is
stated as of April 4, 2000 and includes:
. 21,981,137 shares of common stock and Class B common stock to be issued upon
automatic conversion of preferred stock upon completion of this offering,
based on an assumed initial public offering price of $12.00 per share;
. 4,000,000 shares of common stock to be issued upon completion of this
offering; and
. 35,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a portion of an
outstanding warrant at an exercise price of $7.45 per share prior to this
offering.
The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering
excludes:
. 14,950,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under our employee
stock option plans, non-employee directors' stock option plan and our
employee stock purchase plan, of which 4,392,538 shares, at a weighted
average exercise price of $2.06, were subject to outstanding options as of
April 4, 2000;
. warrants for 1,573,308 shares of common stock and Class B common stock that
are exercisable as of April 4, 2000 at a weighted average exercise price of
$11.31; and
. warrants for an additional 2,785,250 shares of common stock that may become
exercisable in the future based on the holders meeting stated volume targets
for business conducted over our service.
Upon completion of this offering, our executive officers, directors,
principal stockholders and their affiliates will beneficially own, in the
aggregate, approximately 64.3% of our outstanding common stock. In addition,
following this offering, our existing stockholders will own approximately 89.4%
of our stock. As a result, these stockholders may be able to control all
matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and
approval of significant corporate transactions, which could delay or prevent a
change of control of NOOSH.
5
SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA
The following summary financial data are derived from our financial
statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The pro forma balance sheet
data reflects the receipt of net proceeds of $10.0 million upon the issuance
and sale of 769,231 shares of Series E preferred stock to GE Capital Equity
Investments, Inc., an affiliate of the General Electric Company, in April 2000.
The pro forma as adjusted balance sheet data reflects the receipt of net
proceeds from the sale of 4,000,000 shares of common stock offered by us at an
assumed initial public offering price of $12.00 per share after deducting an
assumed underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The pro forma as adjusted balance sheet data also assumes the exercise of a
portion of an outstanding warrant for a total of 35,000 shares of common stock
at an exercise price of $7.45 per share prior to this offering. We have assumed
that this portion of the warrant will be exercised prior to this offering
because the exercise price is less than the assumed initial public offering
price and this portion of the warrant expires on the closing of the offering.
Period from Period from
August 3, August 3,
1998 (date 1998 (date Period from
of of August 3,
inception) inception) Three Months Ended 1998 (date of
to Year Ended to March 31 inception) to
December 31, December 31, December 31, ---------------------- March 31,
1998 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
------------ ------------ ------------ --------- ----------- -------------
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Revenue................. -- -- -- -- 68 68
Cost of Revenue......... -- -- -- -- 141 141
--------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------
Gross Profit............ -- -- -- -- (73) (73)
Statements of Operations
Data:
Operating expenses:
Research and
development (exclusive
of non-cash
compensation expense
of $771, $17
(unaudited) and $718
(unaudited) in the
year ended December
31, 1999, and the
three month periods
ended March 31, 1999
and 2000, respectively
reported below)....... $ 111 $ 3,053 $ 3,164 273 2,039 5,203
Sales and marketing
(exclusive of non-cash
compensation expense
of $984, $18
(unaudited) and $2,266
(unaudited) in the
year ended December
31, 1999, and the
three month periods
ended March 31, 1999
and 2000, respectively
and value of warrants
granted of $1,468 and
$3,914 (unaudited) in
the year ended
December 31, 1999 and
the three month
periods ended March
31, 2000, respectively
reported below)....... 96 9,412 9,508 300 9,979 19,487
Value of warrants
granted in connection
with marketing
agreements............ -- 1,468 1,468 -- 3,914 5,382
General and
administrative
(exclusive of non-cash
compensation expense
of $813, $1 unaudited
and $1,289 unaudited
in the year ended
December 31, 1999, and
the three month
periods ended March
31, 2000 respectively
reported below)....... 107 1,795 1,902 128 1,197 3,099
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation.......... -- 2,568 2,568 36 4,273 6,841
--------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------
Total operating
expenses.............. 314 18,296 18,610 737 21,402 40,012
--------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------
Loss from operations... (314) (18,296) (18,610) (737) (21,475) (40,085)
Interest income, net.... -- 648 648 4 801 1,449
--------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------
Net loss................ $ (314) $ (17,648) $ (17,962) (733) (20,674) (38,636)
--------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------
Net loss per share--
basic and diluted...... $ (0.12) $ (4.13) $ (4.77) $ (0.22) $ (3.91) $ (7.76)
========= =========== ========= ========= =========== =========
Shares used in per share
calculation--basic and
diluted................ 2,521,485 4,275,090 3,763,399 3,405,069 5,292,410 4,978,794
========= =========== ========= ========= =========== =========
Pro forma net loss per
share--basic and
diluted................ $ (1.15) $ (0.79)
=========== ===========
Shares used in pro forma
net loss per
share--basic and
diluted................ 15,356,918 26,025,280
=========== ===========
6
As of March 31, 2000
------------------------------
Pro Forma
Actual Pro Forma As Adjusted
------- ---------- -----------
(in thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents........................ $48,917 $58,917 $102,618
Working capital.................................. 49,076 59,076 102,777
Total assets..................................... 56,327 66,327 110,028
Long-term debt................................... 79 79 79
Total stockholders' equity....................... 54,213 64,213 107,914
7
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risk factors and all other
information contained in this prospectus before purchasing our common stock.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. The risks and
uncertainties described below are those we currently believe are material to
our business, our industry and this offering. If any of the following risks
actually occurs, our business, operating results and financial condition could
be seriously harmed. In addition, the trading price of our common stock could
decline due to the occurrence of any of these risks, and you may lose all or
part of your investment. See "Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements".
Risks Related to Our Business
We only incorporated in August 1998 and generated no revenue through December
31, 1999. Because our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate
our business, our future financial performance may disappoint investors and
result in a decline in our common stock price.
We were incorporated in August 1998 and have a limited operating history,
which makes an evaluation of our current business and prospects difficult.
Through December 31, 1999, we did not generate any revenue and, we have had
only limited revenue for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. In
addition, the revenue and income potential of our business is unproven. Due to
our limited operating history, it will be difficult to predict accurately our
future revenue or results of operations. This may result in one or more
quarters where our financial performance falls below expectations of investors.
As a result, the price of our common stock may decline.
The market for Internet-based print management services is at an early stage of
development and, if our noosh.com service does not achieve widespread
commercial acceptance, we will be unable to generate revenue.
Because the market for Internet-based print management services is at an
early stage of development, our noosh.com service may fail to achieve market
acceptance. The acceptance of our Internet-based service may be hindered by:
. the reluctance of prospective customers to change their existing print
purchasing habits and alter the nature of their direct print vendor
relationships;
. our failure to effectively communicate the value of our service to
prospective customers;
. the inability of national printers with whom we have a relationship to
effectively co-market our service to their customers; and
. the emergence of new technologies or industry standards that could cause our
service to be less competitive.
If our potential customers do not recognize the value of, or choose not to
adopt, our service, we will be unable to generate revenue.
Because print buyers and print vendors currently coordinate print orders
through a medium other than the Internet, they may not accept our Internet-
based print management service and our business could suffer.
Most print buyers and print vendors currently coordinate the procurement and
management of customized print orders through either a combination of
telephone, facsimile and paper or through proprietary software solutions.
Growth in the demand for our noosh.com service depends on the adoption of e-
commerce and Internet services by print buyers and print vendors, which
requires their
8
acceptance of a new way of managing the design, procurement and production of
print orders. However, we may not be able to persuade print buyers or print
vendors to abandon their traditional print management processes because of
comfort with these processes and because of the existing direct relationships
between print buyers and their vendors. Our business could suffer if Internet-
based print management services are not accepted or not perceived to be
effective by print buyers and print vendors.
We expect to incur significant future operating losses and may never achieve
profitability.
From inception through December 31, 1999, we were a development stage company
and did not have any revenue. In addition, we incurred a net loss of $17.6
million for the year ended December 31, 1999 and a net loss of $20.7 million
for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. We anticipate that we will
continue to incur operating losses and net losses for the foreseeable future.
The extent of our future losses are dependent, in part, on the amount of growth
in our revenue relative to our operating expenses. However, we currently expect
to increase our operating expenses significantly as we incur expenses related
to the development, operation and marketing of our service. In turn, our
ability to generate revenue depends on our ability to convert our current users
to paying customers and obtain new customers. If we fail to generate
significant revenue, or if our operating expenses increase without a
corresponding increase in revenue, our losses will continue to increase in
future periods.
Through the remainder of fiscal 2000, we intend to commit significant
resources to sales and marketing and research and development activities. In
particular, we intend to increase our sales and marketing expenses to hire
additional sales and marketing personnel, to develop relationships with print
buyers, print vendors and providers of related services and to build brand
recognition. Similarly, we intend to increase our research and development
activities to hire additional personnel and enhance the features and
functionality or our noosh.com service for the print market, as well as for
other print-related markets such as creative design process management and file
and data storage.
We expect to use the proceeds of this offering primarily to fund the
development of our noosh.com service, including development of new versions of
our service, enhanced functionality and improvements of our LiveJobs
technology. In addition, we expect to use a portion of the proceeds to increase
our sales and marketing activities. Any remaining proceeds will be used for
general and administrative purposes. In that regard, we are currently looking
for additional space in anticipation of the expiration of our current lease.
Converting our users to revenue-generating customers and attracting new
customers is a complex and time-consuming process which may take longer than we
expect. If we are unable to maintain or attract customers which agree to pay
reasonable amounts for our service, we will be unable to generate sufficient
revenue.
Our user agreements do not obligate our users to use our service. We cannot
assure you that we will be able to convert our existing users to revenue-
generating customers or what price these customers will be willing to pay for
our service. In addition, the enterprise-wide implementation of our service by
large print buyers or vendors can be complex and time consuming because it may
require us to perform a workflow analysis to determine how our noosh.com
service can best be used within the enterprise, input contact lists and past
documents as templates, train individuals within the print buyer's or print
vendor's organization in the use of our noosh.com service and, with the help of
our customer service representatives, begin the process of creating print jobs.
Depending on the size of the customer, and the number of individuals that need
to be trained, this process may take several weeks to complete. Therefore, to
sell our service successfully, we must educate our potential customers on the
uses and benefits of our service, which can require significant time and
resources
9
on our part. Consequently, we can not assure you that we will be able to
attract new customers. If we are unable to convert our existing users to
revenue-generating customers or attract new customers, our ability to expand
our business will be hindered.
Intense competition in our industry could substantially impair our business and
our operating results.
We expect competition in the market for Internet-based print management
services to intensify significantly in the future because new competitors can
enter the market with little difficulty and can launch new Internet-based
services for a relatively low cost. Competitors may offer Internet-based print
management services superior to our current or proposed offerings and achieve
greater market acceptance. In addition, because we have only recently
implemented a pricing structure for our service, we cannot be certain that
current users and future customers will be willing to pay the prices we have
set. If we do not achieve market acceptance before our competitors offer more
attractive services, we will lose customers and our market share will decline.
We currently compete with several companies that offer business-to-business
Internet-based services or enterprise software applications for the printing
industry. Currently, our three principal competitors include Collabria, Inc.,
printCafe, Inc. and Impresse Corporation. We potentially will compete with a
number of other companies, including print vendors offering traditional methods
of buying and managing print orders, such as R.R. Donnelley, and companies that
provide proprietary management software. These companies may develop
alternative print procurement and management services. In addition, existing
print vendors, including some of our users, may develop competing Internet-
based services for the management of print orders. These vendors have well-
established relationships with our current print buyers and potential
customers, a large base of installed customers, extensive knowledge of our
industry and significantly greater financial and marketing resources than we
do. In addition, existing print vendors may not charge additional fees for
their Internet-based service. To the extent existing print vendors elect to
offer their services over the Internet, their relationships with their
customers, industry knowledge and pricing flexibility may provide them with a
competitive advantage because print buyers may be unwilling to adopt or pay for
a new Internet-based system or may be more comfortable adopting the Internet-
based services offered by their current print vendors.
We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting our market
include adoption by a significant number of print buyers and print vendors,
core technology, product quality and performance, breadth and depth of product
features, industry-specific expertise, customer service and support and value
of solution. We may not be able to maintain our competitive position against
current and potential competitors, especially those with significantly greater
financial, marketing, service, support, technical and other resources.
Because our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict and likely to
fluctuate in future periods, we may fail to meet the expectations of investors,
which may cause the market price of our common stock to decrease.
Operating results are difficult to predict and are likely to vary
significantly from quarter to quarter in the future. We compete in the general
printing market, which is characterized by individual orders from customers for
specific printing projects rather than long-term contracts. Continued
engagement for successive print orders depends on the customers' satisfaction
with our service. Therefore, the number, size and profitability of print orders
may fluctuate from quarter to quarter. As a result, our quarterly operating
results are difficult to predict and may fall below the expectations of current
or potential investors in some future quarters, which could lead to a
significant decline in the market price of our stock.
10
Because we have granted some of our print vendors and print buyers performance-
based warrants, we expect to incur substantial non-cash charges which will
reduce our operating results.
We expect to incur substantial non-cash charges associated with the grant of
performance-based warrants for an aggregate of 4,393,559 shares of common stock
to four print vendors and three print buyers. These warrants are exercisable in
increments ranging from 5,000 shares of common stock to 900,000 shares of
common stock when the holders meet stated volume targets for business conducted
through our noosh.com service. These volume targets range from $5 million in
print orders to $1.5 billion in print orders. For the quarter ended
December 31, 1999, we recorded a charge of $1.5 million in connection with
portions of warrants issued to two print vendors, and for the quarter ended
March 31, 2000, we recorded a charge of $3.9 million in connection with a
portion of the warrant issued to a third print vendor. In addition, based on an
assumed initial public offering price of $12.00 per share, we expect to record
a charge of $5.7 million for the quarter ending June 30, 2000 in connection
with a portion of a warrant issued to a print buyer. The remaining portions of
these warrants and the remaining warrants are exercisable when the holders meet
stated volume targets for business conducted on or through our noosh.com
service. The magnitude of each additional charge will be measured and the
charge will be taken when it becomes probable that applicable volume targets
will be achieved. Although, the magnitude of these potential charges cannot be
currently calculated, we expect that the charges will be relatively large and
will reduce our operating results or increase our losses on an aggregate and
per share basis in the year these charges are expensed. In addition, to the
extent holders exercise their warrants, the total number of shares we have
outstanding would increase correspondingly. As a result, investors would suffer
additional dilution of their ownership interest and in the book value of their
investment.
Because we may issue additional performance-based warrants in the future to
encourage print buyers and print vendors to conduct business through our
noosh.com service, investors may suffer additional dilution when these warrants
are exercised, and we may incur additional non-cash charges which would harm
our operating results.
In order to attract additional users and to provide an incentive for our
current users to increase their use of our noosh.com service, we may issue
additional performance-based warrants. These warrants may become exercisable
when the holders meet pre-determined targets for business conducted through our
service. To the extent we issue these warrants at an exercise price that does
not correspond to the market value of our common stock on the date the warrants
are exercised, we may incur substantial non-cash charges which would reduce our
operating results or increase our losses, on an aggregate and per share basis,
in the year we record the charge. In addition, to the extent these warrants are
exercised, investors would suffer additional dilution in their ownership
interest and in the book value of their investment.
If we are unable to expand our sales, marketing and customer support
infrastructure successfully, our ability to increase sales of our service will
be compromised.
Our ability to expand our business will depend in part on recruiting and
training additional direct sales, marketing and customer support personnel,
including additional personnel in new geographic markets as we expand.
Competition for qualified sales, marketing and customer support personnel is
intense. We may not be able to expand our direct sales force successfully,
which would limit our ability to expand our customer base. We may be unable to
hire highly trained customer support personnel, which would make it difficult
for us to meet customer demands. Any difficulties we may have in expanding our
sales, marketing or customer support organizations will have a negative impact
on our ability to attract new customers and retain existing users.
11
Our key management and technical personnel are critical to our business and if
they do not remain with us in the future, our remaining management may become
distracted, our reputation may be harmed and our operating expenses could
increase.
Our future success will depend to a significant extent on the continued
services of Ofer Ben-Shachar, our President and Chief Executive Officer, David
Hannebrink, our Vice President of Marketing and Business Development, Lawrence
Slotnick, our Vice President of Engineering, and Robert Shaw, our Senior Vice
President of Sales. The loss of the services of any of these individuals could
cause us to incur increased operating expenses and divert other senior
management time in searching for their replacements. The loss of their services
could also harm our reputation as our users could become concerned about our
future operations. We do not have long-term employment agreements with any of
these personnel.
If we are unable to continually attract and retain qualified personnel, we may
not be able to support the growth of our business.
In order for our business to be successful, we must be able to continually
attract and retain qualified personnel. In particular, we may hire additional
experienced sales and marketing personnel, software developers, qualified
engineers and other employees. Competition for these individuals is intense,
especially in the Internet industry. We cannot be certain that we will be
successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. If we fail to recruit
and retain additional key personnel, we may be unable to expand our business
and sell the noosh.com service.
Because many of the members of our management team have been employed with us
for less than one year, we cannot be certain that they will be able to manage
our business successfully.
We are dependent on the successful integration of our management team in
order for our business to be successful. Because of our limited operating
history, many of our existing management personnel have been employed by us for
less than a year. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we will be able to
allocate responsibilities satisfactorily and that the new members of our
management team will succeed in their roles. Our inability to integrate members
of our current management team or any additional qualified personnel would make
it difficult for us to manage our business successfully and pursue our growth
strategy.
If we are unable to update the features and functionality for our service in
response to rapid changes in technologies, customer demands and competitive
offerings, our service may become obsolete and we will be unable to compete.
The market for e-commerce solutions for the printing industry is subject to
rapidly changing technologies and customer demands. In particular, in recent
years, the market for printed business materials has experienced significant
changes due to advances in computer and communication technologies. These
changes have led to the implementation of new industry standards. For example,
certain products that were once commercially printed are now generated on
computers through desktop publishing software. In addition, some information is
now disseminated in a digital or electronic format rather than in a paper
format. To meet these challenges, we must correctly interpret the trends in the
market for printed business materials and in customers needs, enhance the
features and functionality of our current service in response to these trends
and develop and introduce new services in a timely and cost-effective manner.
We cannot be certain that the features and functionality that we currently
offer, or the features and functionality that we may offer in the future, will
be sufficient to encourage and facilitate the use of our noosh.com service. For
example, the trend to digital and electronic dissemination could reduce the
demand for printing of some communications. If we or our customers are focused
on these types of communications, we would need to focus on
12
other types of printing jobs. If we are unable to accurately determine the
needs of print buyers and print vendors or the direction of trends in the
market for printed business materials, we will be unable to design or implement
the appropriate features and functionality for our noosh.com service which
would result in decreased demand for our noosh.com service and a corresponding
decrease in our revenue.
We may incur substantial expenses pursuing new or complementary business
objectives, which may harm our operating results.
Part of our strategy is to pursue new or complementary business opportunities
within and outside the printing industry and to expand internationally. We may
not be able to expand our service offerings and related operations in a cost-
effective or timely manner. Expansion of our business into other print-related
markets such as creative design process management and file and data storage
will require significant additional expenditures and strain our personnel and
resources. For example, we may need to incur significant marketing expenses to
develop relationships with new suppliers and customers. In addition, we cannot
be certain that we will be able to use our Live Jobs technology to expand our
service offerings outside the printing industry in a timely and cost-effective
manner. Even if we are successful in applying our technology to non-print
related markets, our new service offerings may not achieve market acceptance,
which could damage our reputation.
Because we have recently granted stock options to our employees at exercise
prices significantly below the assumed initial public offering price, we will
recognize a significant deferred stock compensation expense which could harm
our operating results.
Since inception in August 1998 through April 2000, we have granted options to
employees at exercise prices which, based on the assumed initial public
offering price of $12.00, we determined are below the deemed fair market value
of our common stock for financial reporting purposes. As a result, we have
recorded deferred stock-based compensation of $32.0 million for the period
since inception through March 31, 2000. Of this $32.0 million, we recognized
deferred stock compensation expense of $2.6 million for the year ended December
31, 1999 and $4.3 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. The
remainder will be amortized as stock-based compensation over the vesting period
of the options, or through 2004.
Third parties may increase the fees they charge us for their technology or
refuse to license technology to us, which may increase our costs or harm our
service.
We rely on third parties to provide us with software for which we pay fees.
For example, we license software from Oracle Corporation and WebLogic, Inc. to
support our noosh.com service. These parties may increase their fees
significantly or refuse to license their software to us. While other vendors
may provide similar technology, this software provides the infrastructure on
which our service operates and is therefore important to our business. We
cannot be certain that we would be able to obtain the required substitute
technology on favorable terms or on a timely basis. If we cannot obtain the
required technology at a reasonable cost or this technology is inadequate, we
may incur additional expenses or experience delays or disruptions in our
service.
Our inability to protect our intellectual property rights from third-party
challenges may significantly impair our competitive position.
If we fail to protect our proprietary rights adequately, our competitors
could offer similar services, potentially harming our competitive position. We
rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and
restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We have
filed for trademark protection for NOOSH, the NOOSH logo and LiveJobs. We also
have four U.S. patent applications pending in connection with the internally
developed software applications that
13
comprise our LiveJobs technology. However, we do not have any issued patents to
date, and we can not be sure any patents will issue. We cannot be certain that
the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights will be
adequate or that third parties will not infringe or misappropriate our
proprietary rights. We also cannot be sure that competitors will not
independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or
superior to the proprietary technologies employed in our Internet-based
service.
Our service may infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties,
which may result in lawsuits and prevent us from selling our service.
In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States
concerning patents and other intellectual property rights involving companies
in the Internet industry. The software code relating to our noosh.com service
or our methods of providing our noosh.com service may infringe on the
proprietary rights of others and other parties may assert infringement claims
against us. In February 2000, we received a letter from an individual, Henry B.
Freedman, advising us that his patent may cover the software code comprising
our noosh.com service and requesting that we consider licensing the patent. We
are currently evaluating the patent. If this matter, or any similar future
matters or claims, cannot be resolved through a license or similar arrangement,
we could become a party to litigation. Intellectual property claims and any
resulting lawsuits, if successful, could subject us to significant liability
for damages and result in invalidation of our proprietary rights. In addition,
these claims, regardless of whether they result in litigation and regardless of
the outcome of the litigation, would be time-consuming and expensive to resolve
and divert management time and attention. Any intellectual property dispute may
cause us to do one or more of the following:
. stop selling or using our service;
. attempt to obtain from the owner of the infringed intellectual property
right a license to sell or use the relevant technology, which license may
not be available on reasonable terms or at all; or
. redesign the service.
If we are forced to take any of these actions, our business may be harmed.
Although we carry general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover
claims of this type or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability
that may be imposed.
Risks Related to the Internet Industry
We depend on the increasing use of the Internet and on the growth of electronic
commerce. If businesses do not accept Internet-based print management services,
our business will fail.
For us to succeed, the Internet must continue to be adopted as a significant
business-to-business tool for managing vital business functions such as
managing and producing printed business materials. To date, many businesses
have been deterred from using the Internet for a number of reasons, including:
. unavailability of cost-effective, high-speed Internet access;
. inconsistent quality of service;
. potentially inadequate development of the global Internet infrastructure;
and
. the difficulty of integrating existing business software applications with
online systems.
Although the Internet has been widely adopted for business transactions, it
may not achieve broad market acceptance for managing the design, procurement
and production of print orders. Companies that have already invested
substantial resources in traditional methods of managing and producing printed
business materials may be reluctant to adopt new Internet-based services.
14
Any damage to or failure of our service could disrupt our business and
undermine our reputation.
Our operations depend in part on our ability to protect our systems against
physical damage from fire, earthquakes, power loss, telecommunications
failures, computer viruses, hacker attacks, physical break-ins and similar
events. Any software or hardware damage or failure that causes interruption or
an increase in response time of our online service could reduce customer
satisfaction and decrease usage of our service. Although current utilization of
our system processing capacity is limited, our capacity needs and limitations
have been relatively untested to date. In addition, our plans for increasing
system processing capacity whenever utilization exceeds 25% could result in a
significant expense which would divert resources from sales and marketing or
research and development and which may reduce our ability to compete or may
cause our losses to increase or profitability to decrease.
We have entered into a colocation agreement with AboveNet, Inc. to provide
data center colocation, Internet connectivity, conditioned power and support
and maintenance of our hardware and software at AboveNet's San Jose, California
facility. We have also entered into an agreement with InterNAP Network Services
Corporation for Internet connectivity services at InterNAP's Fremont,
California facility. Since our data warehousing and network facilities are
located in California, an earthquake, other natural disaster, or
telecommunications failure could affect our operations unexpectedly and prevent
us from offering our service. We cannot be certain, and neither InterNAP nor
AboveNet guarantee, that our service will be uninterrupted, error-free or
secure. For example, on three prior occasions, our users have experienced
disruptions in service. On one of these occasions, the service interruption
lasted for six hours and was the result of system-wide network failure at our
vendor's facility. On the other occasions, the interruptions lasted from one to
two hours and were the result of either power failure at our vendor's facility
or maintenance problems within Noosh. Any future interruptions, errors or
breaches of security could harm our business and our reputation.
Security risks and concerns may deter the use of the Internet for conducting e-
commerce, which may inhibit the use of our service and limit our growth.
Secure transmission of confidential information over public networks is
critical for conducting e-commerce. Advances in computer capabilities, new
discoveries in the field of cryptography or other events or developments could
result in compromises or breaches of our security systems. If any
well-publicized compromises of security were to occur, they could have the
effect of substantially reducing the use of the Internet for commerce and
communications, which could reduce usage of our service and harm our business.
Anyone who circumvents our security measures could misappropriate proprietary
information or cause interruptions in our service or operations. In the past,
computer viruses or software programs that disable or impair computers, have
been distributed and have rapidly spread over the Internet. Computer viruses
could be introduced into our systems or those of our users, which could disrupt
our network or make it inaccessible to users. We may be required to expend
significant capital and other resources to protect against the threat of
security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by breaches. To the extent
that our activities may involve the storage and transmission of proprietary
information, security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss or litigation
and possible liability. Our security measures may be inadequate to prevent
security breaches, and our business would be harmed if we do not prevent them.
Because the volume of data traffic over the Internet, in general, and our Web
site, in particular, has increased significantly over a short period of time,
users may experience performance problems with our service which may hinder the
adoption of our Internet-based print management service.
Our success in attracting and retaining customers and convincing them to
increase their reliance on our Internet-based print management service depends
on our ability to offer customers reliable
15
and continuous service. This requires us to ensure continuous and error-free
operation of our systems. To the extent that the volume of data traffic on our
web site and other systems increases, we must upgrade and enhance our technical
infrastructure to accommodate the increased demands placed on our systems. Our
ability to increase the speed and reliability of our service, however, is
limited by and depends upon both the infrastructure supporting the Internet and
the internal networks of our existing users and future customers. As a result,
the success of our service is dependent upon improvements in networking
infrastructure. If these improvements are not available or are not implemented
in a timely fashion by our current users and future customers, we will have
difficulty in retaining current users or attracting new customers, and our
business would be harmed.
Increasing governmental regulation of electronic commerce could limit our
growth.
The adoption of new laws or the adaptation of existing laws to the Internet
may decrease the growth in the use of the Internet, which could in turn
decrease the demand for our service, increase our cost of doing business or
otherwise harm our business. Federal, state, local and foreign governments are
considering legislative and regulatory proposals relating to Internet user
privacy, security, taxation, pricing, quality of products and services and
intellectual property ownership. How existing laws will be applied to the
Internet in areas such as property ownership, copyright, trademark, trade
secret and defamation is uncertain. In addition, the recent growth of Internet
commerce has been attributed by some to the lack of sales and value-added taxes
on interstate sales of goods and services over the Internet. Numerous state and
local authorities have expressed a desire to impose such taxes on sales to
consumers and businesses in their jurisdictions. The Internet Tax Freedom Act
of 1998 prevents imposition of such taxes through October 2001. If the federal
moratorium on state and local taxes on Internet sales is not renewed, or if it
is terminated before its expiration, sales of goods and services over the
Internet could be subject to multiple overlapping tax schemes, which could
substantially hinder the growth of Internet-based commerce, including sales of
our service.
Risks Related to this Offering
In the future, we may need to raise additional capital to fund our operations.
Any difficulty in obtaining additional financial resources could force us to
curtail our operations or prevent us from pursuing our growth strategy.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to
meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures
for at least the next twelve months. However, even with the proceeds of this
offering, we may need to raise additional capital in the future in order to
fund our planned expansion of operations, to pursue additional customer sales
and to pursue our growth strategy. Our future capital requirements will depend
on many factors that are difficult to predict, including our rate of revenue
growth, our operating losses, the cost of obtaining new customers, the cost of
upgrading and maintaining our infrastructure and other systems and the size,
timing and structure of any acquisition that we complete. As a result, we
cannot predict with certainty the timing or amount of our future capital needs.
We have no commitments for additional financing, and we may experience
difficulty in obtaining additional funding on favorable terms or at all. If
adequate funds are not available or not available on acceptable terms, we may
be unable to fund our expansion, promote our brand identity, take advantage of
unanticipated acquisition opportunities, develop or enhance services or respond
to competitive pressures. Any such inability could force us to curtail our
operations and would have a negative effect on our business.
Any future funding may dilute the ownership of our stockholders or impose
limitations on our operations. If we raise additional funding through the
issuance of equity, the percentage of our company owned by our then current
stockholders will be correspondingly reduced.
16
Our stock price may be volatile, and you may not be able to resell your shares
at or above the initial public offering price.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock.
The initial public offering price of our common stock will be determined
through negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters.
However, we cannot predict whether the market price of our common stock
following this offering will be below, at, or above the initial public offering
price. We also cannot be certain whether an active trading market in the common
stock will develop following this offering and how liquid that market will be.
As a result, if you decide to purchase our shares, you may not be able to
resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price. In addition,
in the past, we have issued performance-based warrants to print buyers and
print vendors in order to encourage their use of our service. Because these
warrants become exercisable based on usage by the holder, they encourage the
holder to use the noosh.com service. If the market price for our common stock
is volatile, our ability to issue warrants to print buyers and vendors may be
compromised and our ability to grow our business may be impaired.
The market price for our shares of common stock may be volatile. A number of
factors can contribute to volatility in our stock price, including:
. actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results;
. changes in market valuations of other Internet or online business-to-
business e-commerce companies such as Ariba, Inc. or Commerce One, Inc.;
. the gain or loss of significant relationships with national printers such as
Consolidated Graphics, Inc., Moore North America, Inc., R.R. Donnelley &
Sons Company and Wallace Computer Services or major print buyers;
. announcements of technological innovations or significant contracts by us or
our primary competitors, Collabria, Inc., printCafe, Inc. and Impresse
Corporation;
. acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
. additions or departures of key personnel such as Ofer Ben-Shachar, David
Hannebrink, Lawrence Slotnick and Robert Shaw; and
. general conditions in the Internet commerce and printing industries.
In addition, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and
volume fluctuations that have been unrelated to the operating performance of
particular companies. This is particularly characteristic of many companies in
the technology and emerging growth sectors. A prolonged decline in our stock
price could make it difficult to attract or retain employees. For example,
recent declines in the stock prices of many technology companies have resulted
in a substantial increase in employee attrition. Some companies have been
forced to grant additional stock options or reprice existing options to retain
employees. In addition, a prolonged decrease in our stock price could make it
more difficult to raise additional capital by accessing the public markets. Our
failure to raise additional capital through the public markets would have an
adverse affect on our liquidity and on the growth of our business unless we can
locate other sources of funding.
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought
against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its
securities. We may in the future be the target of similar litigation.
Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management's
attention. In addition, any litigation could harm our operating results or our
ability to attract and retain new employees.
17
Our existing stockholders will be able to exercise significant control over all
matters requiring stockholder approval.
On completion of this offering, our executive officers, directors and greater
than 5% stockholders, consisting of Accel Partners, Advanced Technology
Ventures, Meritech Capital and R.R. Donnelley and their affiliates, will
beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately 64.3% of our outstanding
common stock. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, would be able
to exercise significant control over all matters requiring stockholder
approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant
corporate transactions, which may have the effect of delaying or preventing a
third party from acquiring control over us.
Provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law contain provisions that
may discourage a takeover, which could limit the price investors might be
willing to pay in the future for our common stock.
Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws may have the
effect of delaying or preventing an acquisition, a merger in which we are not
the surviving company or changes in our management. These provisions:
. establish a classified board of directors so that not all members of the
board may be elected at one time;
. authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock that could be
issued by our board of directors to increase the number of outstanding
shares and thwart a takeover attempt;
. limit who may call a special meeting of the stockholders;
. prohibit stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all
stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders; and
. establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to
the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon
by stockholders at stockholder meetings.
In addition, because we reincorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the
provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. These
provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or
more of the outstanding voting stock, from consummating a merger or combination
including us. These provisions could limit the price that investors might be
willing to pay in the future for our common stock.
18
Future sales of our common stock may depress our stock price.
Sales of our common stock into the market could cause the market price of
our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
After this offering, we will have outstanding 37,602,173 shares of common stock
assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option. All the
4,000,000 shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable at the date of
this prospectus. The remaining 33,602,173 shares of our common stock that will
be outstanding after this offering will be eligible for sale as follows:
Number of Shares Date eligible for sale
---------------- ----------------------
20,106,997 180 days after the date of this prospectus, if sales
meet the restrictions under federal securities laws
13,495,176 Beginning in November 2000, if sales meet the
restrictions under federal securities laws
The table above gives effect to lockup agreements with the underwriters or
agreements with us under which our directors, officers, employees and other
stockholders have agreed not to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of their
shares of common stock for 180 days after the date of this prospectus. Although
there is no agreement or understanding for the underwriters to waive the lock-
up agreements, Goldman, Sachs & Co. may, in its sole discretion and at any time
without prior notice, release all or any portion of the common stock subject to
lock-up agreements.
Additionally, of the 4,392,538 shares that may be issued upon the exercise of
outstanding options as of April 4, 2000, approximately 2,416,264 shares will be
vested and eligible for sale 180 days after the date of this prospectus. As of
April 4, 2000, warrants for 1,573,308 shares of common stock and Class B common
stock were exercisable and warrants for an additional 2,785,250 shares of
common stock and Class B common stock may become exercisable in the future
based on the holders meeting stated volume targets for business conducted over
our service. If exercised, the earliest that these shares will be eligible for
sale under Rule 144 is December 2000. For a further description of the
eligibility of shares for sale into the public market following this offering,
see "Shares Eligible for Future Sale".
19
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements under "Prospectus Summary", "Risk Factors",
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations", "Business" and elsewhere in this prospectus constitute forward-
looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks,
uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry's actual
results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially
different than any expressed or implied by these statements. In some cases, you
can identify statements by terminology such as "may", "will", "should",
"expects", "plans", "anticipates", "believes", "estimates", "predicts",
"potential", "continue" or the negative of these terms or other comparable
terminology.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the statements are
reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance
or achievements. We are under no duty to update any of the statements after the
date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results or events
except to the extent required under law.
20
USE OF PROCEEDS AND PLAN OF OPERATION
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of the shares being
offered will be $43.4 million, at an assumed initial public offering price of
$12.00 per share, after deducting an assumed underwriting discount and
estimated offering expenses payable by us. If the underwriters exercise their
over-allotment option in full, then we estimate that the net proceeds to us
from the sale of the shares being offered will be $50.1 million.
We intend to use all of the proceeds for working capital and general
corporate purposes. However, we have not made a specific allocation of the
proceeds. The primary purposes of this offering are to fund our operations,
increase our visibility in the marketplace, create a public market for our
common stock and facilitate future access to public equity markets. We may also
use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire complementary technologies or
businesses. However, we currently have no commitments or agreements and are not
involved in any negotiations involving any of these transactions.
Through the remainder of fiscal 2000, we intend to commit significant
resources to sales and marketing and research and development activities. In
particular, we intend to increase our sales and marketing expenses to hire
additional sales and marketing personnel, to develop relationships with print
buyers, print vendors and providers of related services and to build brand
recognition. Similarly, we intend to increase our research and development
activities to hire additional personnel and enhance the features and
functionality or our noosh.com service for the print market as well as for
other print-related markets such as creative design process management and file
and data storage.
In addition to the proceeds from this offering, we may require additional
funds to support our growth. We may seek to obtain additional funds after this
offering through equity or debt financings. We cannot be certain that
additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms, if at all. If
adequate funds are not available to us on acceptable terms, our business will
be harmed. If we are unable to obtain additional funds, we estimate that our
current cash resources, interest income and the proceeds of this offering will
be sufficient to fund our operations for the next 18 months, depending on the
amount of sales and market and research and development activities actually
conducted. However, this estimate is based on assumptions regarding the growth
of our business and our expenses. If these assumptions prove to be wrong and if
we do not generate significant revenue from our business, we may need to raise
additional funds prior to that time.
Pending use of the net proceeds of this offering, we intend to invest the net
proceeds in interest-bearing, investment grade securities.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We do not
anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently
intend to retain any future earnings to finance the expansion of our business.
21
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of March 31, 2000 on an
actual, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted basis. The pro forma column
reflects the receipt of net proceeds of $10.0 million upon the issuance and
sale of 769,231 shares of Series E preferred stock to GE Capital Equity
Investments in April 2000 and the automatic conversion of all shares of
outstanding preferred stock, into 21,981,137 shares of common stock and Class B
common stock upon the closing of this offering, based on an assumed initial
public offering price of $12.00 per share. The pro forma as adjusted column
reflects our pro forma capitalization plus:
. our sale of 4,000,000 shares of common stock at an assumed initial public
offering price of $12.00 per share, after deducting an assumed underwriting
discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us; and
. 35,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of a portion of an
outstanding warrant at an exercise price of $7.45 per share prior to this
offering. We have assumed that this portion of the warrant will be exercised
prior to the closing of this offering because the exercise price is less
than the assumed initial public offering price and this portion of the
warrant expires on the closing of the offering.
None of the columns reflect:
. 14,950,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under our employee
stock option plans, non-employee directors' stock option plan and our
employee stock purchase plan of which 4,392,538 shares were subject to
outstanding options as of April 4, 2000;
. warrants for 1,573,308 shares of common stock and Class B common stock that
were exercisable as of April 4, 2000 at a weighted average exercise price of
$11.31; and
. warrants for an additional 2,785,250 shares of common stock and Class B
common stock outstanding as of April 4, 2000 that may become exercisable in
the future based on the holders meeting stated volume targets for business
conducted over our service.
You should read the table below along with our balance sheet as of March 31,
2000 and the related notes.
As of March 31, 2000
--------------------------------
Pro Forma
Actual Pro Forma As Adjusted
-------- --------- -----------
(in thousands, except share
data)
Cash and cash equivalents...................... $ 48,917 $58,917 $102,618
======== ======== ========
Long-term debt................................. $ 79 $ 79 $ 79
-------- -------- --------
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.001; 16,035,000
shares authorized, actual; 15,200,000 shares
authorized pro forma; 5,000,000 shares
authorized, pro forma as adjusted; 14,614,631
shares issued and outstanding, actual; no
shares issued and outstanding, pro forma and
pro forma, as adjusted ...................... 14 -- --
Common stock, par value $0.001; 45,000,000
shares authorized, actual and pro forma;
75,000,000 shares authorized, pro forma as
adjusted; 11,586,036 shares outstanding,
actual; 33,562,215 shares outstanding pro
forma; 37,597,215 shares outstanding pro
forma as adjusted ........................... 11 32 36
Additional paid-in capital.................... 121,036 131,029 174,726
Deferred stock compensation................... (25,171) (25,171) (25,171)
Notes receivable from common stockholders..... (3,041) (3,041) (3,041)
Deficit accumulated during the development
stage........................................ (38,636) (38,636) (38,636)
-------- -------- --------
Total stockholders' equity ................... 54,213 64,213 107,914
-------- -------- --------
Total capitalization......................... $ 54,292 $ 64,292 $107,993
======== ======== ========
22
DILUTION
Our pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2000 was $64.2
million, or $1.87 per share. Pro forma net tangible book value per share
represents the amount of our total tangible assets, reduced by the amount of
our total liabilities, divided by the total number of shares of common stock
outstanding after giving effect to the sale and issuance of 769,231 shares of
Series E preferred stock in April 2000 and the automatic conversion of all
shares of outstanding preferred stock into 21,981,137 shares of common stock
and Class B common stock upon the closing of this offering based on an assumed
initial public offering price of $12.00 per share. Dilution in net tangible
book value per share represents the difference between the amount paid per
share by purchasers of shares of common stock in this offering and the net
tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after the completion
of this offering. After giving effect to the sale of the 4,000,000 shares of
common stock offered by us at an assumed initial public offering price of
$12.00 per share, after deducting an assumed underwriting discount and
estimated offering expenses payable by us and after giving effect to the
issuance of 35,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of a portion of a
warrant at an exercise price of $7.45 per share prior to this offering, our
pro forma net tangible book value at March 31, 2000 would have been $107.9
million or $2.81 per share of common stock. We have assumed that this portion
of the warrant will be exercised prior to this offering because the exercise
price is less than the assumed initial public offering price and this portion
of the warrant expires on the closing of the offering. This represents an
immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $0.94 per share to
existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $9.19 per share to new
investors purchasing shares at the assumed initial offering price. The
following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:
Assumed initial public offering price per share............... $12.00
Pro forma net tangible book value per share at March 31,
2000....................................................... $1.87
Increase per share attributable to new investors............ 0.94
-----
Net tangible book value per share after the offering.......... 2.81
------
Dilution per share to new investors........................... $ 9.19
======
The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2000, after giving effect to
the Series E preferred stock issued and the issuance of 35,000 shares of
common stock upon the exercise of a portion of a warrant, the differences
between the existing stockholders and new investors in this offering with
respect to the number of shares of common stock and preferred stock purchased
from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price per share
paid:
Shares Purchased Total Consideration Average
------------------ -------------------- Price
Number Percent Amount Percent per Share
---------- ------- ------------ ------- ---------
Existing stockholders......... 33,597,215 89% $ 92,801,000 66% $ 2.76
New investors................. 4,000,000 11 48,000,000 34 12.00
---------- --- ------------ ---
Totals...................... 37,597,215 100% 140,801,000 100%
========== === ============ ===
The preceding tables assume no issuance of shares of common stock or Class B
common stock under warrants or our stock plans after March 31, 2000. As of
April 4, 2000, there were outstanding:
. 4,392,538 shares subject to outstanding options at a weighted average
exercise price of $2.06 per share;
. warrants for 1,573,308 shares of common stock and Class B common stock that
are exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $11.31; and
23
. warrants for an additional 2,785,250 shares of common stock and Class B
common stock that may become exercisable in the future based on the holders
meeting stated volume targets for business conducted over our service.
If all of these options were exercised, then the total dilution per share to
new investors would be $8.34.
24
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read together with our
financial statements and related notes, and "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere
in this prospectus. The statements of operations data and the balance sheet
data presented below have been derived from financial statements that have been
audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, independent accountants, included elsewhere
in this prospectus.
Period from Period from
August 3, August 3,
1998 (date 1998 (date
of of Period from
inception) inception) Three Months Ended August 3, 1998
to Year Ended to March 31, (date of
December 31, December 31, December 31, ---------------------- inception) to
1998 1999 1999 1999 2000 March 31, 2000
------------ ------------ ------------ --------- ----------- --------------
(in thousands, except share and (unaudited)
per share data)
Revenue................. $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 68 $ 68
Cost of Revenue......... -- -- -- -- 141 141
--------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------
Gross Profit............ -- -- -- -- (73) (73)
Statements of Operations
Data:
Operating expenses:
Research and development
(exclusive of non-cash
compensation expense of
$771, $17 (unaudited)
and $718 (unaudited) in
the year ended
December 31, 1999 and
the three month periods
ended March 31, 1999
and 2000 respectively
reported below)........ 111 3,053 3,164 273 2,039 5,203
Sales and marketing
(exclusive non-cash
compensation expenses
of $984, $18
(unaudited) and $2,266
(unaudited) in the year
ended December 31, 1999
and the three month
periods ended March 31,
1999 and 2000
respectively and value
of warrants granted of
$1,468 and $3,914
unaudited in the year
ended December 31, 1999
and the three month
period ended March 31,
2000, respectively,
reported below)........ 96 9,412 9,508 300 9,979 19,487
Value of warrants
granted in connection
with marketing
agreements............. -- 1,468 1,468 -- 3,914 5,382
General and
administrative
(exclusive of non-cash
compensation expense of
$813, $1 (unaudited),
$1,289 (unaudited) in
the year ended December
31, 1999 and the
three month periods
ended March 31, 1999
and 2000, respectively
reported below)........ 107 1,795 1,902 128 1,197 3,099
Amortization of deferred
stock compensation..... -- 2,568 2,568 36 4,273 6,841
--------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------
Total operating
expenses............ 314 18,296 18,610 737 21,402 40,012
--------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------
Loss from Operations.... (314) (18,296) ( 18,610) (737) (21,475) (40,085)
Interest income, net.... -- 648 648 4 801 1,449
--------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------- ---------
Net loss................ $ (314) $ (17,648) $ (17,962) $ (733) $ 20,674 $ (38,636)
========= =========== ========= ========= =========== =========
Net loss per share,
basic and diluted...... $ (0.12) $ (4.13) $ (4.77) $ (0.22) $ (3.91) $ (7.76)
========= =========== ========= ========= =========== =========
Shares used in per share
calculation--basic and
diluted................ 2,521,485 4,275,090 3,763,399 3,405,069 5,292,410 4,978,794
========= =========== ========= ========= =========== =========
Pro forma net loss per
share--basic and
diluted................ $ (1.15) $ (0.79)
=========== ===========
Shares used in pro forma
net loss per share--
basic and diluted...... 15,356,918 26,025,280
=========== ===========
25
As of
December 31, As of
-------------- March 31,
1998 1999 2000
------ ------- ---------
(in thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents.............................. $1,117 $48,349 $48,917
Working capital........................................ 902 47,238 49,076
Total assets........................................... 1,239 53,029 56,327
Long-term debt......................................... -- 79 79
Total liabilities...................................... 241 2,137 2,114
Total stockholders' equity............................. 998 50,892 54,213
26
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is a discussion of our operations and should be read together
with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this
prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve
risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those
anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of factors
including, but not limited to, those set forth under "Risk Factors" and
elsewhere in this prospectus.
We were incorporated in August 1998, and we initiated testing of our service
with users, whom we refer to as beta users, in July 1999. On October 1, 1999,
we made our service commercially available to users other than our beta users.
From inception through December 31, 1999, we were a development stage company,
and we did not generate any revenue, and our operating activities were related
primarily to the design and development of our noosh.com service, building our
corporate infrastructure, establishing relationships with print buyers and
vendors and raising capital. During this period, we expanded our organization
by hiring personnel in key areas, particularly sales and marketing and research
and development. From inception through December 31, 1999, we accumulated net
losses of $18.0 million. Our net losses for the three-month period ended March
31, 2000 were $20.7 million.
We first recognized revenue in connection with the use of our noosh.com
service during the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. During this period,
approximately 487 print orders were issued by print buyers and accepted by
print vendors through our service. We recognized revenues of approximately
$68,000 during this quarter. The aggregate amount paid or payable by print
buyers to print vendors for these print orders was approximately $3.1 million,
with an average order size in excess of $6,300. Generally, we charge print
vendors a transaction fee based on the size of the print order and the
aggregate volume of orders processed by the particular user. We enter into
agreements with print vendors that typically have a term of one to two years.
These agreements do not require the print vendors to use our service. Some
large print vendors will receive discounts based on aggregate volume and other
services they provide. In addition, print buyers generally pay us a monthly fee
for using our service. However, our pricing strategy has only recently been
implemented and, as a result, the fees that we charge and the volume discounts
that we offer to print buyers and print vendors vary widely and may change in
the future. To date, we have charged print vendors transaction fees which
usually range from approximately 1% to 3% of the aggregate dollar volume of the
print order, and we have charged print buyers monthly fees which usually range
from several hundred to several thousand dollars per month. We determine the
amount of our fees based on the size and bargaining leverage of the user, the
aggregate monthly dollar volume of usage and the volume of print orders that we
expect to be processed through our noosh.com service in the future.
As we seek to expand our business, we intend to continue to commit
significant resources to sales and marketing and research and development
activities. We expect that we will incur losses and generate negative cash flow
from operations for the foreseeable future. Our ability to achieve
profitability depends upon our ability to increase our sales substantially. In
view of the rapidly changing nature of our business and our limited operating
history, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results,
including our operating expenses, may not be predictive of our future
performance.
In December 1999, we entered into agreements with two print vendors,
Consolidated Graphics and Wallace Computer Services, under which they will be
able to process print orders placed by their customers using our service. In
connection with these agreements, we issued a warrant to Wallace Computer
Services to purchase 270,000 shares of common stock and a warrant to
Consolidated Graphics to purchase 225,000 shares of common stock. A total of
140,000 shares subject to the Wallace warrant were immediately exercisable. Of
these 140,000 shares, the right to purchase 35,000 shares will terminate upon
the closing of this offering. An additional 35,000 shares subject to the
27
Wallace warrant are exercisable on December 31, 2000, or earlier, if certain
targets for business conducted over our service are met, at an exercise price
of $7.45 per share. The value of these portions of the warrant, $1,468,000, was
charged to operations for the year ended December 31, 1999 because there were
no performance targets associated with their exercise. A total of 75,000 shares
subject to the Consolidated Graphics warrant were immediately exercisable at an
exercise price of $11.00 per share. The value of this portion of the warrant,
$373,000, was also charged to operations for the year ended December 31, 1999
because there were no performance targets associated with its exercise. The
remaining portions of these two warrants become exercisable only when these
print vendors meet stated volume targets for business conducted over our
service at exercise prices ranging from $7.45 per share to the fair market
value of our common stock on the date the volume targets are met. The remaining
shares under the warrants will be valued and a charge will be taken in a
similar manner when it becomes probable that the volume targets will be met.
In January 2000, we entered into an agreement with a print buyer, Bank of
America Technology and Operations, Inc., under which Bank of America will be
able to process its print orders using our service. In connection with that
agreement, we issued Bank of America a warrant to purchase 50,000 shares of
common stock. All of the shares are exercisable at an exercise price of $11.00
per share, but only if Bank of America meets a stated volume target for
business conducted over our service. A charge on these shares will be taken
using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, assuming a term of three years
and expected volatility of 60%. This charge will be taken when it becomes
probable that the volume target will be met.
In January 2000, we entered into an agreement with R.R. Donnelley to co-
market and make our noosh.com service available to R.R. Donnelley's customers.
In connection with the agreement, R.R. Donnelley purchased 1,272,727 shares of
series D preferred stock for a total of $14.0 million. In addition, we issued
two warrants to R.R. Donnelley to purchase an aggregate of 2,780,158 shares of
common stock at an exercise price of $11.00 per share. A total of 946,308
shares of common stock are issuable immediately upon the exercise of portions
of the warrants. The remaining portions of the warrants are exercisable when
R.R. Donnelley or, in the case of one of the warrants, a specific business unit
of R.R. Donnelley, meets volume targets for business conducted over our service
at an exercise price of $11.00 per share. Using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model and assuming a term of two years and expected volatility of 60%,
the fair value of the shares that are immediately exercisable under the
warrants approximated $3.9 million. Accordingly, we recorded a charge of $3.9
million for the quarter ending March 31, 2000 in connection with these
warrants. The remaining shares under the warrants will be valued and a charge
will be taken in a similar manner when it becomes probable that the volume
targets will be met. We have also granted R.R. Donnelley the right to require
us to register the sales of the shares of common stock issuable to them upon
conversion of the warrants.
In February 2000, we entered into agreements with a print vendor,
ColorGraphics, Inc., and a print buyer, J.Crew Group Inc., under which they
will be able to process their print orders using our service. In connection
with these agreements, we issued a warrant to ColorGraphics to purchase 100,000
shares of common stock and a warrant to J.Crew to purchase 10,000 shares of
common stock. The ColorGraphics warrant is exercisable on the date following
the first anniversary of the date of grant and only to the extent ColorGraphics
meets volume stated targets for business conducted over our service. The
exercise price of the ColorGraphics warrant ranges from the initial public
offering price to the fair market value of our common stock as of the end of
the calendar quarter during which the volume target is met. The J. Crew warrant
is exercisable on the date following the first anniversary of the date of grant
and only to the extent J. Crew meets a target for business conducted over our
service. The exercise price for the J. Crew warrant is equivalent to the
initial public offering price per share.
In April 2000, we entered into an agreement with a print buyer, General
Electric Capital Services, Inc., an affiliate of the General Electric Company,
under which GE, and any affiliate of GE,
28
will be able to process their print orders using our service. In connection
with this agreement, GE Capital Equity Investments, Inc., another affiliate of
the General Electric Company, purchased 769,231 shares of Series E preferred
stock for a total of $10.0 million. The shares of Series E preferred stock held
by GE Capital Equity Investments will convert into Class B common stock upon
the closing of this offering. In addition, we issued GE Capital Equity
Investments a warrant to purchase up to 958,400 shares of capital stock. A
portion of the warrant, for a total of 432,000 shares of capital stock, is
immediately exercisable. The remaining portion of the warrant becomes
exercisable in increments when GE, together with its affiliates, meets stated
volume targets for business conducted over our service and recommends our
service to a stated percentage of identified print vendors and customers of GE
Capital's Card Services. Initially, the exercise price of the warrant is $13.00
per share. Upon the automatic conversion of our Series E preferred stock upon
the closing of this offering, the exercise price of the warrant will be
adjusted to the lesser of $13.00 per share or the conversion price of the
Series E preferred stock in effect immediately prior to such conversion.
Initially, the warrant is exercisable for Class B common stock. At the option
of GE Capital Equity Investments, on the date 90 days after this offering, a
portion of the warrant may be exercisable for common stock. In addition, on the
earlier of April 4, 2001 or the date 180 days after this offering, the
remainder of the warrant will become exercisable for common stock. Using a
Black-Scholes option pricing model and assuming a term of four years, an
initial public offering price of $12.00 per share and expected volatility of
60%, the fair value of the shares that are immediately exercisable under the
warrant approximated $5.7 million. Accordingly, we will record a charge of
$5.7 million for the quarter ending June 30, 2000 in connection with this
portion of the warrant. The remaining shares under the warrant will be valued
and a charge will be taken in a similar manner when its becomes probable that
the targets applicable to the shares will be met. GE Capital Equity Investments
also has the right to require us to register the sales of the common stock
issuable upon conversion of the warrant.
We expect to incur substantial non-cash charges associated with the grant of
these performance-based warrants. These warrants are exercisable in increments
ranging from 5,000 shares of our common stock to 900,000 shares of our common
stock when the holders meet stated volume targets for business conducted
through our service. These volume targets range from $5 million in print orders
to $1.5 billion in print orders. However, our user agreements with Consolidated
Graphics, Wallace Computer Services, Bank of America, R. R. Donnelley,
ColorGraphics, J. Crew and General Electric Capital Services do not obligate
these users to use our noosh.com service. Further, because we have only limited
revenue to date, we can not determine whether these users will be able to meet
the volume targets stated in their warrant agreements.
We may grant performance-based warrants in the future to provide an incentive
for our users to increase their use of our noosh.com service. These warrants
would become exercisable when the holders meet pre-determined targets for
business conducted through our service. To the extent we issue these warrants
at an exercise price that does not correspond to the market value of our common
stock on the date the warrants are exercised, we may incur substantial non-cash
charges which would reduce our operating results or increase our losses, on an
aggregate and per share basis, in the year we record the charge. In addition,
to the extent these warrants are exercised, investors would suffer additional
dilution in their ownership interest and in the book value of their investment.
Options granted to our employees from our inception through March 31, 2000
have been granted at exercise prices which, based on the assumed initial public
offering price of $12.00 per share, we determined are below the deemed fair
market value for financial reporting purposes. Since inception through March
31, 2000, we had recorded aggregate deferred stock compensation for these
options of $32.0 million. The deferred stock compensation is being amortized
over the vesting periods of the stock options. We recognized no deferred stock
compensation expense during the period ended December 31, 1998, $2.6 million
for the year ending December 31, 1999 and $4.3
29
million for the three month period ended March 31, 2000. Future amortization
based on options granted through March 31, 2000 is anticipated to be
approximately:
Nine Months Ending December 31, Amount(s)
------------------------------- -----------
2000......................................................... $12,934,000
Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------
2001......................................................... 7,696,000
2002......................................................... 3,553,000
2003......................................................... 980,000
2004......................................................... 8,000
Results of Operations
Three-Month Period Ended March 31, 1999 and March 31, 2000
Revenue
From inception through the period ended December 31, 1999 we were a
development stage company, and we did not have any revenue. For the three-month
period ended March 31, 2000, we recognized revenue of approximately $68,000.
This revenue was derived from transaction fees for the use of our noosh.com
service. We typically charge print vendors a transaction fee based on the size
of the print order and the aggregate volume of orders processed by the print
vendor. We also typically charge print buyers monthly service fees. Revenue
from transaction fees is recognized upon completion of the associated print
project. Revenue from monthly service fees is recognized ratably over the
month.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues consists primarily of all direct and indirect labor expenses
related to the customer support organization. Cost of revenues increased from
$0 for the three-month period ended March 31, 1999 to $141,000 for the three-
month period ended March 31, 2000. This increase primarily resulted from the
addition of customer support personnel and the development of our customer
support call center.
Operating Expenses
We categorize our operating expenses into research and development, sales and
marketing, general and administrative, value of warrants granted in connection
with marketing agreements and amortization of deferred stock compensation.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist of
personnel and other expenses associated with developing and enhancing software
in support of our noosh.com service. Research and development expenses
increased from $273,000 for the three-month period ended March 31, 1999 to
$2,039 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. The increase
was primarily due to additional personnel and associated costs related to the
design, development and maintenance of our noosh.com service, and content and
design expenses. We believe that our success is dependent in large part on
continued enhancement of our noosh.com service. Accordingly, we expect research
and development expenses to increase in future periods.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of
participation in trade shows, advertisements, training, operations personnel
and related costs for our sales, marketing, training and operations staff.
Sales and marketing expenses increased from $300,000 for the three-month period
ended March 31, 1999 to $10.0 million for the three-month period ended March
31, 2000. This increase primarily resulted from expenses related to increases
in sales and marketing personnel and participation in industry trade shows. We
intend to increase our sales and marketing expenses in future periods to
develop relationships with print buyers, print vendors and providers of related
services and to build brand recognition.
30
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist
primarily of salaries to employees and fees for professional services. General
and administrative expenses increased from $128,000 for the three-month period
ended March 31, 2000 to $1.2 million for the three-month period ended March 31,
2000. The increase was primarily due to the addition of finance and
administrative personnel as well as expenses related to increased professional
service fees. We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in
future periods to the extent we continue to expand operations and bear the
increased expenses associated with being a public company.
Value of Warrants Granted in Connection with Marketing Agreements. For the
three-month period ended March 31, 2000, we recognized costs totaling $3.9
million related to the valuation of the portions of warrants exercisable
without performance obligations to R.R. Donnelley.
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation. For the three-month period
ended March 31, 2000, we recorded aggregate deferred stock compensation of
$14.1 million in connection with some of the stock options we have granted. We
expensed $4.3 million of deferred stock compensation in the three-month period
ended March 31, 2000. The deferred compensation amounts are being amortized
over the vesting period of the stock options, generally four years. We
recognized deferred stock compensation expense of $36,000 during the three-
month period ended March 31, 1999.
Interest Income, Net
Interest income, net has been derived primarily from earnings on cash
investments. Interest income, net increased to $801,000 for the three-month
period ended March 31, 2000 from $4,000 for the three-month period ended March
31, 1999. The increase was primarily due to higher average cash balances during
the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. We expect our interest income to
increase in the short term as a result of our investing the proceeds from our
sale of Series E preferred stock and this offering.
Period Ended December 31, 1998 and Year Ended December 31, 1999
Revenue
From inception through the period ended December 31, 1999, we were a
development stage company and had no revenue.
Operating Expenses
Research and Development. Research and development expenses increased from
$111,000 for the period ended December 31, 1998 to $3.1 million for the year
ended December 31, 1999. These expenses in 1998 were comprised primarily of
salaries for an initial development team. In 1999, these expenses consisted
principally of staffing and associated costs related to the design and
development and maintenance of our noosh.com service, and content and design
expenses.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased from $96,000 for
the period ended December 31, 1998 to $9.4 million for the year ended December
31, 1999. These increases primarily resulted from expenses related to increases
in sales and marketing personnel and an increase in expenses associated with
the development and implementation of our branding, promotion and marketing
campaigns, for a full fiscal year.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased
from $107,000 for the period ended December 31, 1998 to $1.8 million for the
year ended December 31, 1999 primarily as a result of operations for the full
fiscal year and the addition of finance and administrative personnel as well as
expenses related to increased professional service fees.
Value of Warrants Granted in Connection with Marketing Agreements. For the
year ended December 31, 1999, we recognized costs totaling $1,468,000 related
to the valuation of the portions of warrants exercisable without performance
obligations to two print vendors.
31
Amortization of Deferred Stock Compensation. We recorded aggregate deferred
stock compensation of $17.9 million in connection with some of the stock
options we granted through December 31, 1999. We expensed $2.6 million of this
deferred stock compensation in the year ended December 31, 1999, related to
these stock options. The deferred compensation amounts are being amortized over
the vesting period of the stock options, generally four years.
Interest Income, Net
We had no interest income, net for the period ended December 31, 1998 and
$648,000 for the year ended December 31, 1999, which resulted from higher
average cash balances for a full fiscal year.
Income Taxes
We incurred operating losses and accordingly did not record a provision for
income taxes for any of the periods presented. On December 31, 1999, for
federal and state income tax purposes, we had net operating loss carryforwards
of $13.1 million and $150,000. These net operating losses will expire in the
years 2005 through 2019 if not utilized. Future changes in our share ownership,
as defined in the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and similar state provisions, may
restrict the utilization of carryforwards.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception in August 1998 through March 31, 2000, we have funded our
operations primarily through the sale of $79.6 million of equity securities. As
of March 31, 2000, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash
equivalents of $48.9 million. In addition, in April 2000, we raised an
additional $10.0 million from the sale of our equity securities.
Net cash used in operating activities was $123,000 for the period ended
December 31, 1998, $12.0 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 and $13.0
million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. Net cash used in
operating activities for the period ended December 31, 1998 primarily resulted
from operating losses of $314,000 incurred during the period. Net cash used in
operating activities for the year ended December 31, 1999 primarily resulted
from operating losses of $17.6 million, partially offset by $4.0 million of
amortization of deferred stock compensation and the value of warrants granted
in connection with marketing agreements. Net cash used in operating activities
for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000 primarily resulted from
operating losses of $20.7 million, partially offset by $8.2 million of
amortization of deferred stock compensation and the value of warrants granted
in connection with marketing agreements.
Net cash used in investing activities was $72,000 for the period ended
December 31, 1998, $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 1999, and $1.7
million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. The cash used in
investing activities in these periods was related principally to purchases of
computer equipment and, to a lesser extent, software and office furniture to
support expansion of our operations.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.3 million for the period
ended December 31, 1998, $62.9 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 and
$15.6 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2000. Cash provided by
financing activities was primarily from proceeds of the sale of our preferred
stock.
As of March 31, 2000, we had operating lease obligations of $2.3 million for
2000, $1.5 million for 2001 and $1.0 million for 2002.
In future periods, we anticipate significant increases in operating expenses
primarily as a result of planned investment to support increased sales and
marketing activities and ongoing research and development activities. We
believe that our current balances of cash and cash equivalents, without the
proceeds of this offering, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash
needs for working capital, operating expenses and capital expenditures for at
least the next twelve months. We expect to use the
32
proceeds of this offering primarily to fund the development of our noosh.com
service, including development of new versions of our service, enhanced
functionality, and improvements of our LiveJobs technology. In addition, we may
use a portion of the proceeds to increase our sales and marketing activities.
Any remaining proceeds may be used for general and administrative purposes,
including facilities expansion. In that regard, we are currently looking for
additional facilities when the lease on our corporate headquarters expires in
December 2000. We believe our current cash resources, interest income and the
proceeds of this offering will be sufficient to fund our activities for 18
months, even if we do not generate revenue from operations. After that, we may
need additional capital if we are unable to generate sufficient revenue to
support our business. This estimate is based on assumptions regarding the
expected growth of our business, our anticipated hiring and facilities needs
and our expectations as to further product development expenses. If these
assumptions prove to be wrong, we may need to raise additional funds prior to
that time to fund additional expansion, develop new or enhanced services,
respond to competitive pressures or make acquisitions. Moreover, if we generate
significant revenue from our operations, the proceeds of this offering may not
be fully utilized within 18 months. Although we have no current plans to do so,
we may seek to raise additional funds after this offering through equity or
debt financings if we need additional capital after we have utilized the
proceeds of this offering. We cannot be certain that additional financing will
be available to us on favorable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not
available on acceptable terms, our business will be harmed. If additional funds
were raised through the issuance of equity securities, the percentage ownership
of Noosh by our stockholders would be reduced. Furthermore, such equity
securities might have rights, preferences or privileges senior to our common
stock. See "Risk Factors--In the future, we may need to raise additional
capital to fund our operations. Any difficulty in obtaining additional
financial resources could force us to curtail our operations or prevent us from
pursuing our growth strategy."
Year 2000 Readiness Disclosure
Many currently installed computer systems and software products are coded to
accept or recognize only two digit entries in the date code field. These
systems and software products will need to accept four digit entries to
distinguish dates before and after January 1, 2000. This could result in system
failures or miscalculations causing disruption of operations for any company
using computer programs or hardware. As a result, many companies' computer
systems may need to be upgraded or replaced in order to avoid year 2000 issues.
The majority of software and hardware we use to manage our business has been
purchased or developed by us within the last 24 months. While this does not
completely protect us against year 2000 exposure, we believe our exposure is
limited because the technology we use to manage our business is not based upon
hardware and software systems that were already developed or installed.
To date, we have not experienced any material interruptions in our operations
related to the year 2000 issue. We have not incurred material costs with
respect to our year 2000 remediation efforts and do not expect that future
costs will be material. However, if we, or third-party providers of hardware,
software and communications services fail to remedy any future year 2000
issues, the result could be lost revenues, increased operating expenses, the
loss of users and other business interruptions, any of which could harm our
business. The failure to adequately address year 2000 compliance issues in the
delivery of products and services to our users could result in claims against
us of misrepresentation or breach of contract and related litigation, any of
which could be costly and time consuming to defend.
We have not developed and do not plan to develop any specific contingency
plans for year 2000 issues. Our worst case scenario for year 2000 problems
would be our inability to operate our noosh.com service.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal
while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments
without significantly increasing risk of loss. Most of our cash equivalents and
short-term investments are at fixed interest rates. Therefore, the value of
these investments is subject to market risk. This means that a change in
prevailing interest rates causes the market value of the investment to
fluctuate. For example, if we hold a security that was issued with a fixed
interest rate at the then-prevailing rate and the prevailing interest rate
later rises, the market value of our investment will decline. To minimize this
risk in the future, we intend to maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and
short-term investments in a variety of securities, including commercial paper,
money market funds, government and non-government debt securities. In general,
money market funds are not subject to market risk because the interest paid on
such funds fluctuates with the prevailing interest rate. The average duration
of all of our investments as of December 31, 1999 and March 31, 2000 was less
than one year. Due to the short term nature of these investments, we believe we
have no material exposure to interest rate arising from our investments.
Therefore, no tabular disclosure is required. As of March 31, 2000, we did not
have any hedging instruments.
We operate solely in the United States and all expenses to date have been
made in United States dollars. Accordingly, we have not had any exposure to
foreign currency rate fluctuations or weak economic conditions in foreign
markets. However, in future periods, we expect to sell in foreign markets,
including Europe and Asia. As our sales are made in U.S. dollars, a
strengthening of the U.S. dollar could cause our service to be less attractive
in foreign markets.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 133
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities". SFAS No. 133
establishes accounting and reporting standards, requiring that every derivative
instrument be recorded in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability
measured at its fair value. SFAS No. 133 is effective for fiscal years
beginning after June 30, 2000. Because we do not currently hold any derivative
instruments and do not engage in hedging activities, we do not believe that the
adoption of SFAS No. 133 will have a material impact on our financial position
or results of operations.
In March 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued
Statement of Position ("SOP') No. 98-1, "Software for Internal Use" which
provides guidance on accounting for the cost of computer software developed or
obtained for internal use. SOP No. 98-1 is effective for financial statements
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998. The adoption of this SOP
did not have any significant effect on our financial statements.
In December, 1999, SAB 101 was issued which summarizes the Security and
Exchange Commission's views in applying generally accepted accounting
principles to revenue recognition in financial statements. SAB 101 is effective
in the second quarter of 2000. We do not expect SAB 101 to have a material
effect on our financial position, results of operation or cash flow.
In March 2000, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Interpretation
No. 44, "Accounting for Certain Transaction Involving Stock Compensation - an
interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25" ("FIN 44"). This interpretation clarifies
the definition of employee for purposes of applying Accounting Practice Board
Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25"), the
criteria for determining whether a plan qualifies as a noncompensatory plan,
the accounting consequence of various modifications to the terms of a
previously fixed stock option or award, and the accounting for an exchange of
stock compensation awards in a business combination. This interpretation is
effective July 1, 2000, but certain conclusions in this interpretation cover
specific events that occur after either December 15, 1998, or January 12, 2000.
We do not expect the adoption of FIN 44 to have a material effect on our
financial statements.
34
BUSINESS
Overview
We are a provider of business-to-business e-commerce solutions for the
printing industry. We have developed and operate noosh.com, an Internet-based
service for managing the design, procurement and production of print orders.
Our service is designed to address the complex, multi-step process of
completing a print order. It leverages the benefits of the Internet to enable
print buyers, print vendors and other providers of related services to
communicate and collaborate efficiently throughout the life cycle of a print
order. Our service is primarily targeted at large corporations which budget at
least $10 million annually for their print buying requirements and their print
vendors. Print vendors who use our service generally will pay us a transaction
fee based on the size and volume of the print order, and print buyers who use
our service generally will pay us a monthly fee. As of May 11, 2000, over 243
print buyers and print vendors have signed agreements with us for the use of
our service. Of these, Bank of America and Wells Fargo have encouraged their
print vendors to adopt our noosh.com service, and GE has agreed to encourage
its print vendors, the print vendors of its affiliates and the major retail
customers of G.E. Capital's Card Services to adopt noosh.com. In addition, to
promote the acceptance of our service by large corporations, we have entered
into co-marketing agreements with national vendors in the print industry. To
date, these vendors include Consolidated Graphics, R.R. Donnelley, Moore and
Wallace Computer Services.
Industry Background
Growth of Business-to-Business Commerce on the Internet
The Internet has emerged as one of the fastest growing communications mediums
in history and is fundamentally reshaping the way businesses interact with
other businesses. The Internet enables businesses to integrate complex business
processes, exchange information easily with multiple partners and provide
buyers and sellers with a consistent means of executing transactions. As a
result, companies of all sizes are adopting Internet strategies to conduct
business. According to Forrester Research, business-to-business e-commerce is
expected to grow from $43 billion in 1998 to $1.3 trillion in 2003.
The widespread adoption of business-to-business e-commerce is driving the
demand for industry-specific solutions that offer business environments that
can accommodate increasingly large numbers of users. These e-commerce solutions
provide businesses with opportunities to reduce the costs of accessing
information and to expand their ability to conduct transactions with multiple
parties. Business-to- business e-commerce solutions are being targeted at and
are most likely to be accepted by industries characterized by a large number of
buyers, sellers and intermediaries, a high degree of fragmentation, significant
dependence on information exchange, high transaction volumes and broad user
adoption of the Internet.
The U.S. Printing Industry
The U.S. printing industry is very large, with numerous print buyers, print
vendors and other providers of related services, interacting with one another
in the process of managing the design, procurement and production of printed
business materials. Total sales in the U.S. printing industry were $149 billion
in 1998, according to Printing Industries of America, an industry trade
association. Total worldwide sales in the printing industry were $365 billion
in 1998 according to TrendWatch, an independent market research firm. The
printing industry includes the following product categories:
. Basic business printing, which includes simple, standardized products such
as business cards, stationery and business forms;
35
. Promotional printing, which consists of customized products such as
brochures, direct mail and catalogs;
. Bill-of-material printing, which consists of customized packaging, labels
and other shipping materials;
. Publications, which includes newspapers, magazines and books; and
. Specialty printing, such as T-shirts, calendars and souvenirs.
The traditional process of designing, procuring and producing a print order
can require extensive collaboration by multiple parties and can be highly
inefficient. CAP Ventures, Inc., an independent print research firm, estimates
that for every $1 paid by a print buyer to a print vendor, there are $5 to $8
of additional costs associated predominantly with late fees, reworks, obsolete
materials and shipping. These expenses result from the traditional labor-
intensive process of managing a print order, as well as delays from and
miscommunications among the many people from multiple organizations who must
collaborate through the various steps required to complete a print order. Key
processes that require the coordination of multiple parties include job design
and specification, submitting requests for estimates, vendor selection, job
revision, production, warehousing, shipment and payment.
The U.S. printing industry is highly fragmented, with an estimated 51,000
printing businesses, 60,000 related creative concerns such as advertising
agencies, graphic design firms, publishers and corporate design groups, 12,000
print brokers and thousands of print-buying organizations. Contributing to this
fragmentation is the capital-intensive nature of print production, which causes
print vendors to specialize in specific print products based on the type of
equipment they own. Therefore, print vendors generally offer a limited
selection of customizable products.
This high degree of industry fragmentation and specialization generally leads
print buyers, particularly large enterprises with a broad range of printing
needs, to establish relationships with multiple print vendors. According to CAP
Ventures, a large print buying company spends between 6% and 15% of its annual
revenues to design, develop, procure, produce, distribute and store printed and
electronic documents and business communications programs. Each individual
print order typically involves the collaboration of multiple parties across
such varied organizations as the print buyer, print vendor, advertising agency,
independent designer, prepress specialist, bindery specialist, direct mailer
and print broker. Further, most large print buyers lack standardized
procurement, print management and tracking tools, hindering the development of
their spending and operating controls. According to CAP Ventures, over 80% of
print buyers manage the print process inefficiently, resulting in up to a 40%
waste of investment in annual print spending.
Limitations of Existing Print Management Processes
The typical process of producing a customized print product involves multiple
interactions among many people within numerous organizations, or a "many-to-
many" workflow process. For example, a large print buyer may engage advertising
and creative agencies to design, specify and buy print on its behalf.
Alternatively, print buyers may coordinate these processes in-house or rely on
a print broker to act as a sales middleman or project manager. Once a print
order is completed, direct mail and fulfillment companies often coordinate the
receipt, packaging and mailing of print products from several printers
simultaneously. As a result of this complicated production chain, we believe
that a print order which costs several thousand to several hundred thousand
dollars may require the collaboration of 10 to 30 people across three to seven
organizations.
36
Lacking a centralized system for coordinating these many-to-many workflow
processes, the production of customized print products traditionally has been
characterized by significant inefficiencies, including:
Print Buyer
. Numerous communications across multiple mediums, including telephone,
facsimile, email, voicemail and paper;
. Cumbersome, error-prone procurement cycle;
. Labor-intensive print vendor selection process;
. Inconsistent pricing from numerous print vendors;
. Difficulty managing, coordinating and accounting for numerous print orders
across multiple organizations and from numerous print vendors;
. Unreliable storage and delivery of content files; and
. Obsolete inventory, accounting for a significant percentage of annual print
spending.
Print Vendor
. High customer acquisition and retention costs;
. Costly sales order administration and customer service;
. Difficulty managing, coordinating and accounting for numerous print orders
across multiple organizations;
. Manual reconciliation of internal job specifications, changes, file and
production instructions;
. Rework resulting from poorly documented specifications and other errors; and
. Inefficient equipment utilization.
In addition, agencies and brokers who serve as intermediaries between print
buyers, print vendors and other providers of related services face many of
these same inefficiencies.
The most common method today for coordinating the procurement and management
of customized print orders remains a combination of telephone, facsimile and
paper. Using these "one-to-one" communication tools, print buyers and vendors
manually conduct the multiple steps required to manage the print order,
including project design, proofing, rework and delivery. More recently, some
print buyers and vendors have adopted software solutions designed to automate
different elements of the design, procurement and production processes. While
these proprietary software solutions improve on some of the inefficiencies of
traditional paper and phone-based methods, they too are largely inadequate
because they are based on one-to-one processes, while corporate print orders
generally require many-to-many communications. More specifically, one-to-one
methods are inadequate because:
. the production of a customized print product requires extensive interaction
and collaboration across many organizations and among numerous parties;
. the creative process of producing a customized print product is dynamic and
highly iterative, requiring all parties to have input throughout the
process; and
. full automation of any single print buyer/print vendor solution can require
a substantial investment in proprietary software and system integration that
often cannot be leveraged across multiple print buyer/print vendor
relationships.
Collectively, these shortcomings make one-to-one solutions difficult to scale
and thus limit their widespread adoption by the printing industry. We believe
that print buyers, print vendors and the numerous providers of related services
involved in the production of a print order desire a standardized,
collaborative environment where they can easily manage the entire print order
life
37
cycle. We believe that these needs can be addressed with a comprehensive,
Internet-based communication and collaboration service for the management of
the design, procurement and production of print.
The Noosh.com Service
We have developed and operate noosh.com, an Internet-based service for
managing the design, procurement and production of print orders. Our noosh.com
service is designed specifically to address the complex needs of the printing
industry and offers a set of features that are not generally available from
off-the-shelf software solutions. Key elements of our service include:
. providing a central location where all current information about a print
order is readily accessible through an Internet browser;
. enabling collaboration among all parties involved at each step of the print
order life cycle in an Internet environment in which additional parties can
be added rapidly and cost-effectively; and
. enabling parties to build project specific working groups consisting of
participants from multiple organizations.
We believe that the principal benefits to print buyers, print brokers and
advertising agencies using our noosh.com service are:
Increased Productivity. We provide online, real-time access to information
regarding the status of a print order. This capability reduces the time it
takes print buyers to determine the progress of their print job and to identify
the status of proposed changes. This capability can also substantially reduces
the manual communication methods involved in the traditional process of
producing a print order, enabling more efficient job management. As a result,
our service can be particularly helpful to users who manage multiple jobs from
several print vendors simultaneously.
Reduced Print Purchasing Costs. Our service can reduce print purchasing costs
by allowing print buyers to analyze purchasing trends and conduct a broader
request for quotes process. As a result, print buyers can reduce procurement
costs and benefit from better vendor management.
Shortened Job Lead Times. Noosh.com enables print buyers to design, procure
and produce print orders more efficiently by providing a centralized location
where the multiple parties involved in the print supply chain can collaborate
with each other in real time regarding the print order. This collaboration
capability can reduce miscommunications among the parties, which in turn
results in fewer errors and shorter job lead times.
Better Tracking and Communication. Our service maintains a detailed history
of changes to job specifications and tracks print budgets and usage. Our
service also allows users to send messages and assign tasks to one another
within a standard communication environment.
We believe that our service also offers significant benefits to print
vendors, related suppliers, print brokers and advertising agencies, including:
Enhanced Customer Relationships. By allowing print vendors to manage print
orders through our collaboration and messaging capabilities, noosh.com can
simplify the daily routine of the vendor's customer service personnel, thereby
allowing for improved responsiveness and higher quality customer service
relative to traditional methods of managing print.
Reduced Print Production Costs. Our service centralizes information regarding
a print project. This helps users to reduce paperwork and improve accuracy by
identifying job problems early in the print job life cycle that, if left
unattended, could result in costly reworks, document distributions and higher
administrative costs.
38
Higher Sales Productivity. Because our service streamlines the procurement
process, print vendors are able to reduce their selling and marketing costs
while extending their reach. Print vendors, therefore, have the opportunity to
access new customers and markets through our service. In addition, because
noosh.com simplifies the process for managing print orders, printers can
allocate sales and marketing resources to developing new client relationships.
Minimal Initial Investment. Because noosh.com is an entirely Internet-based
service and, other than a browser, does not require the purchase of any
software, print buyers and print vendors are able to establish an Internet
presence easily and quickly with little or no initial investment.
Our Strategy
To grow our business and customer base and increase usage of our service, we
intend to:
Capitalize on Market Position. We believe that we are one of the first
companies to offer a completely Internet-based service for managing the design,
procurement and production of print orders. As of May 11, 2000 over 243 print
buyers and print vendors have signed agreements with us to use our service. To
increase the number of print buyers, print vendors and other related parties
using our service, we intend to build on the existing print relationships of
our current users with other companies in the print supply chain. Our direct
sales force, comprised of 70 professionals as of March 31, 2000, targets
primarily large print buyers and print vendors.
Build Brand Recognition. We intend to develop the most well-known and trusted
brand as the leading Internet-based service for managing the design,
procurement and production of print orders. We intend to pursue an aggressive
brand development strategy through targeted advertising and promotions, press
coverage and participation in trade association and industry events.
Additionally, we will also rely on our co-marketing relationships with national
print vendors in order to build our brand recognition.
Develop Relationships with National Printers. We intend to develop
relationships to increase our customer base, broaden our service offerings and
enhance our technology platform. Specifically, we are seeking co-marketing
relationships with national printers. We have already entered into these types
of agreements with Consolidated Graphics, R.R. Donnelley, Moore and Wallace
Computer Services under which they have agreed to co-market our service to
their customers. By aggressively pursuing these types of relationships, we
believe we can help strengthen our value proposition for both print buyers and
vendors and generate increased usage of our noosh.com service.
Maintain Technology Leadership. We intend to maintain our technology
leadership by continuously improving the functionality of our services to meet
the evolving needs of our current users and our future customers. For example,
we intend to develop business relationships with enterprise resource planning
and business-to-business e-commerce software vendors by using our technology to
integrate our noosh.com service with the enterprise resource planning or
management software systems of these vendors. This capability would enable our
current users and our future customers to use both our noosh.com service and
the products and services of these vendors to conduct e-commerce. Additionally,
we plan on developing links with the information systems of print vendors and
graphic file transfer and management services to improve production workflow,
reduce data entry at the print vendors' sites and provide complementary
services for print vendors.
Foster Our Commitment to Customer Service. We focus on serving the interests
of our users because we believe a loyal base of users will afford us a
significant competitive advantage. Throughout each phase of the design and
implementation of our service, we maintain an active
39
dialogue with our users. At every stage of our design process, we seek user
feedback to develop new versions of and add enhancements to our system to
better serve the needs of our users. We also intend to enhance our customer
service capabilities by expanding our customer support and account management
teams and improving our online training tools.
Pursue Additional Revenue Opportunities. We intend to pursue additional
revenue opportunities by expanding our business and using our LiveJobs
technology in other print-related markets, such as creative design process
management and file and data storage. We also plan to expand internationally
into other markets that we believe would benefit from our service. Further, we
see applications for our technology in other non print-related markets.
Additionally, we intend to pursue selective acquisitions of, or investments in,
complementary products, services and businesses.
Products and Services
We provide a comprehensive, business-to-business, Internet-based service for
managing the design, procurement and production of print orders. Our service
uses our patent-pending LiveJobs technology to enable print buyers, print
vendors and other providers of related services involved in the print
production and management process to communicate and collaborate with each
other regarding any print order. Each user with a noosh.com password can access
the noosh.com web site with a standard Internet browser. Using their password-
protected account, each user can have access to the print jobs they are working
on, to lists of their customer and business contacts and to reports of
historical performance.
Print buyers can easily create job specifications, submit the specifications
to print vendors for bids, award the print order to the chosen print vendor,
post the resulting print order online and collaborate with necessary parties
throughout the design, procurement and production stages of the print order.
Print vendors have access to the print buyer's specifications after they have
been asked to quote on a print order through noosh.com. Print vendors may
submit quotes and subsequently manage print orders through our collaboration
and messaging capabilities. As the print order progresses, print buyers and
print vendors may notify each other of status changes, pose specification
questions, revise schedules, and collaborate on other aspects of the print
order in real time so that problems are resolved expeditiously.
Our service can be accessed through standard web browsers by corporations,
their print vendors and other participants in the print supply chain, such as
graphic design, advertising and marketing agencies. Other than the browser,
there is no special software required to use noosh.com.
With our service, we create a standardized environment which addresses the
printing industry's communications and procurement needs by:
. providing a central location where all current information about a print
order, including specifications, job status, estimates, change orders and
shipping instructions, is located;
. enabling collaboration among print buyers, print vendors and other providers
of related services involved in the print production and management process;
. enabling parties to build a team on a project and print order basis
consisting of participants from multiple organizations;
. assigning roles and privileges to individual team members, designating their
status and ability to view or make changes to a print order; and
. providing secure and selective access on print orders.
40
Our service enables print buyers, print vendors and other providers of
related services to communicate and collaborate efficiently throughout the life
cycle of a print order. The key features of our service are:
Estimating, Quoting and Specifications Management. Print jobs can be created
and submitted by buyers, and quoted online by print vendors. The buyer decides
which and how many print vendors can bid on a job. Job specifications and order
revisions are managed consistently, enabling buyers and print vendors to share
common order description formats.
Order Management. Noosh.com provides online ordering, confirmation and order
status from design through delivery. This enables collaborative management and
tracking of orders by print buyers, print vendors, graphic designers and direct
mail and fulfillment companies. Online records of complete order history and
revisions give everyone involved in the order a comprehensive, relevant, up-to-
the-minute status.
Management Reporting. Noosh.com provides print buyers with access to a range
of detailed performance reports, including purchasing, client history and print
vendor activity. Noosh.com also provides print vendors with a variety of
detailed reports, including account history and sales performance.
Content Delivery and File Management. Noosh.com allows for text and graphic
file transfers, real-time proofing and job file archiving, which are key
features needed to develop an integrated and full-service online environment
for creating and producing complex print orders.
Integration with Other Systems. Our technology allows us to integrate our
noosh.com service with our users' information systems, including their
operating resource procurement, enterprise resource planning or print
management systems.
Industry Reference. Noosh.com provides profiles of print vendors registered
with our service for review by print buyers and advertising agencies. Our
service also contains reference information about the printing industry for all
visitors, regardless of whether they have an account with us.
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Users
We primarily target major corporations which budget at least $10 million
annually for their print buying requirements, together with their printers. In
addition, we also target print brokers which serve these large print buyers,
printers and advertising agencies.
Since we initiated testing of our noosh.com service in July 1999 through May
11, 2000, over 243 print buyers and print vendors have signed agreements with
us to use our service. The following is a list of print buyers, printers and
other providers of related services who have entered into agreements to use our
service and to pay us for training, technical support, implementation services
or user or transaction fees in connection with their use of our service:
Print Buyers
Advantica Infusive Marketing Group
Aetna Services, Inc. J.Crew Group Inc.
American Leprosy Mission La Bov & Beyond, Inc.
Ameritech Lake Design
Bank of America Corp. Levi Strauss & Co.
Blue Shield Blue Cross -- South Media Post Communications
Carolina Merrill Lynch Asset Management
Champion International Miller Freeman, Inc.
Compact Air Products, Inc. MINDEF
Cornell Dubilier Modus Media International, Inc.
Cran Barry, Inc. Multiple Zones International
Creative Producers Group Orbit
Dean Johnson Design Para-Chem Southern Inc.
Digital Art Exchange Publicis Technology
Dunlop Slazenger Corporation Stimuli Lab, LLC
E*TRADE Group, Inc. The Timberland Company
Faith Inkubators Tom Peters Company
General Electric Capital Services, Inc., Tribe Design
an affiliate of the General Electric Upward Unlimited, Inc.
Company Wells Fargo & Company
Husk-Jennings Advertising West Publishing Corporation
I Was Framed, Inc. Wizards of the Coast
Printers with Co-Marketing Agreements
ColorGraphics, Inc.
Consolidated Graphics, Inc. and
their 63 affiliated companies
Moore North America, Inc.
R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company
Wallace Computer Services, Inc.
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Printers, Pre-Press Vendors and Print
Brokers
ABC Synnyvale F.C.L. Graphics Inc.
Ace Printing Favorite Printing
Action Printing FBK Group
AD&P, Inc. Federal Envelope Co.
Advanced Color Graphics First Impressions Lithographic Co.
Adventures in Advertising Fong Brothers Printing
Allied Printing Services, Inc. FoxIntegrity Graphics Inc.
Alphagraphics Franklin Press
American Lithographers, Inc. Frontier Printing, Inc.
American Printing Co. Gamma One, Inc.
Anchor Direct General Printing
Applied Printing Technologies, L.P. Gopher State Litho, Inc.
Artisan Press Inc. Grande & Associates, Inc.
Assembly Services and Packaging Heart Printing & Graphics, Inc.
Atlantic Envelope Co. Heinrich Envelope Corp.
Automated Graphic Systems House of Printing
Babor Forms, Inc. IC Group
Baucom Press IGI/Earthcolor
Bayshore Press, Inc. Image Systems, Inc.
Bibbero Systems, Inc. Imperial Company, Inc.
Bofors Inc. Impressions, Inc.
Bomant Graphics Infinity Direct
Business Card Express Florida Infographics
Capital Printing Co., Inc Iridio Digital Printing
Capstone Consulting Group, Inc. Japs-Olson
Carqueville Graphics, Inc. Johnson & Quin, Inc.
Castle-Pierce Printing Co. Just Solutions
Challenge Printing, Inc. Kelvyn Press, Inc.
Colorado Printing Co. LAgraphico.com
ColorMagic, Inc. LA Label Company
Color-Trek Inc. Liberty Graphic Systems, Inc.
Colson Printing Co. Litho Press Inc.
Commercial Printing Co. Litho Technical Services
Corporate Express, Doc & Print Mgmt Louis Printing Services
Creative Mailings, Inc. M&M Printing, Inc.
Creative Retail Packaging Mackay Envelope Corp.
Crowson-Stone Printing Co. Marketing IV, Inc.
CRT Color Printing, Inc. Maximum Graphics Corporation
Custom Tabs, Inc. McCallum Envelope & Printing Co.
Cyberprinter/CP Direct Media Graphix, Inc.
Daily Printing, Inc. Mercury Signs & Display, Inc.
Dan Dolan Printing, Inc. Meredith-Webb Printing Co.
Dean Litho Metro Printing, Inc.
Deluxe Color Printers Metrographics
DG Printing, Inc. Metropolitan Printing Service, Inc.
Digidel, Inc. MidAtlantic Printers, Ltd.
Direct Mail Express Miller Promotional Graphics (MPG)
Diversified Graphics Incorporated Momentum Communications
Eastern Rainbow Inc. Montague Spragens
E.C.G., Inc. Moran Printing Company
Ed Garvey and Company Nahan Printing, Inc.
Elements National Indexing Systems, Inc.
ESCO National Mail Graphics Corporation
Etheridge Printing Company NCR Corporation
F&T Graphics Inc. New Leaf Press
43
Newport Printing Systems Shapco Printing, Inc.
No Other Impressions, Inc. Source, Inc.
Northstar Computer Forms, Inc. Spencer & Worth, Ltd.
Nova Graphics, Ltd. Stormm Graphicworks, Inc.
Outlook Envelope Sweet Waverly Printing Co.
Pacific Communication Concepts, Inc. Syracuse Colour Graphics
Packaging Results, Inc. Systems Packaging
Paramount Miller Graphics Tension Envelope Corporation
Patterson Printing Company The Bureau of Engraving Inc.
Penn Lithographics The Horah Group
Perfect Image The Irving Press, Inc.
PGI Web, Inc. The John Roberts Company
Pikes Peak Litho The Journeyman Press Inc.
Precision Direct, Inc. The Printery, Inc.
Pride in Graphics TN Printing
Princeton Press Transo Envelope Co.
Print Craft, Inc. Tri Graphics
Printergy, Inc. Tulip Graphics, Inc.
Printers Unlimited, Inc. Unicorn Graphics
Printing, Inc. Universal Printing
Printing Control Victor Envelope Corp.
Printing Express, Inc. Volume Press
Prodigy Press, Inc. Waller Press
Rainbow Graphics, Inc. Waters Lithograph Inc.
Response Envelope Western Graphics
Rhodes Productions Western Press
Richardson & Edwards, Inc. Wetzel Brothers
Rite Envelope & Graphics Wicklander Printing Corporation
Royal Envelope Corp. Williams Printing Company
RW Nielsen Associates Winchester Printers, Inc.
Santa Cruz Web Integration and Design Wintry Press
Schiele Group Wright Color Graphics
Sexton Printing Service Envelope XYAN.com
Sales, Marketing and Customer Service
We sell our service in the United States primarily through our direct sales
organization. As of March 31, 2000, our direct sales force consisted of 70
sales professionals located in nineteen offices throughout the United States.
We believe that we have hired top sales professionals from leading printing,
graphic arts and enterprise software companies. Our sales force targets
executive level decision makers in large print-buying organizations across a
broad range of industries. We believe that these executives are also
influential in promoting the adoption of our service among print vendors. We
intend to expand our sales force into additional major markets across the
country in order to broaden our customer base.
Our marketing programs are designed to increase brand awareness, educate our
target market about our services and generate new sales opportunities. As of
March 31, 2000, our marketing team consisted of 30 marketing professionals. We
have engaged in marketing activities that include trade shows, seminars, press
relations, direct mailings, Web site marketing, trade association relations and
industry analyst relations. We also have co-marketing agreements with national
print vendors. To help increase our customer base, we also have entered into
agreements to conduct co-marketing activities with corporate procurement system
providers, including Commerce One, Inc. and, through a memorandum of
understanding, Ariba Technologies, Inc.
Our customer service organization assists users in planning, learning and
implementing our noosh.com service. As of March 31, 2000, we employed twelve
professionals in our customer service
44
organization. We have a technical support team available to users by telephone,
over the Internet or by electronic mail in order to resolve their customer
support requests. In addition, we offer training to users of our noosh.com
service through live classes.
We plan to expand the size of our sales and marketing and customer supports
organizations and to establish additional sales offices. Our ability to do so
will depend on recruiting and training additional direct sales, marketing and
customer support personnel. If we are unable to hire highly trained sales,
marketing and customer support personnel, we would be unable to either increase
our customer base or meet customer demands.
Commercial Relationships With National Printers and Print Buyers
We are actively seeking to develop commercial relationships with national
printers in which they would co-market our service to their customers and with
national print buyers in which they would co-market and endorse our service to
their printers and business partners. These relationships are intended to help
us rapidly gain adoption of our service and, in some cases, involve capital
investment and incentives to meet targeted dollar volume of usage through our
noosh.com service. For example, we have entered into agreements with the
General Electric Company, R.R. Donnelley, Consolidated Graphics, Moore and
Wallace Computer Services.
In January 2000, we entered into a co-development and co-marketing agreement
with R.R. Donnelley, a leading North American commercial printer and
information services company, to develop a co-branded Web site utilizing the
noosh.com service for R.R. Donnelley's customers, particularly in the catalog,
magazine and book publishing markets. In the fiscal year ended December 31,
1998, R.R. Donnelley reported that revenues from these markets accounted for
over one-half of its consolidated net sales of $5.0 billion. Under the
agreements, we and R.R. Donnelley committed to actively promote and market the
noosh.com service to R.R. Donnelley's customers. In connection with the
agreements, R.R. Donnelley purchased approximately $14.0 million of our
Series D preferred stock. We issued R.R. Donnelley warrants to purchase our
common stock. A portion of each warrant is exercisable only when R.R. Donnelley
meets stated volume targets for business conducted over our service. R.R.
Donnelley also agreed to pay to us a transaction fee based on the aggregate
volume of print orders processed by them. R.R. Donnelley is not committed to
any volume targets.
In April 2000, we entered into a print buyer agreement with General Electric
Capital Services, Inc., an affiliate of the General Electric Company, under
which GE and its affiliates will be able to process their print orders using
our noosh.com service. Under this agreement, GE committed to use reasonable
commercial efforts to introduce and provide an endorsement of our noosh.com
service to its print vendors and to major retail customers of GE Capital's Card
Services and to recommend that these vendors and customers use noosh.com for
their print jobs. GE also agreed to use reasonable commercial efforts to assist
us in identifying and facilitating the deployment of our LiveJobs collaboration
technology as a procurement solution in markets other than print and to serve
as a beta customer for at least one such new offering. The parties also agreed
to participate in mutually agreeable co-marketing activities and events
designed to promote the parties' alliance. In connection with the agreement,
General Electric Capital Corporation, an affiliate of GE, assigned to us rights
relating to its technology designed to measure the quality of products and
services rendered to GE by its vendors. In connection with the agreement, GE
Capital Equity Investments, another affiliate of GE, purchased $10.0 million of
our Series E preferred stock. In addition, we granted GE Capital Equity
Investments a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 958,400 shares of our capital
stock. Although GE is not committed to any volume targets under the print buyer
agreement, portions of the warrant are exercisable only when GE, together with
its affiliates, meets stated volume targets for business conducted over our
service and recommends our service to a stated percentage of identified print
vendors and customers of GE Capital's Card Services.
45
We rely on these types of relationships to help generate increased usage of
noosh.com and strengthen our value proposition to our users. As a result, we
expect to continue to devote
engineering and marketing resources to develop these relationships. However, we
cannot be certain that we will be able to enter into additional commercial
relationships with national printers or print buyers.
NOOSH Technology and System Architecture
Our noosh.com service is an Internet-based application that allows us to add
new users and support existing users and effectively control access to print
projects, worldwide, from a single location. It resides on our servers
colocated at AboveNet's San Jose, California facility. Our users access
noosh.com using standard Internet browsers, which eliminates the need to
install our software at the customer site and facilitates rapid integration of
any enhancements to our service.
Our principal technical assets are our internally developed software
applications that comprise noosh.com. Noosh.com is built on a multi-layer
system architecture, centered around our LiveJobs technology. By designing
these software layers to function independently of each other and by taking
advantage of multi-computer configurations at our AboveNet data center, we seek
to provide continuous access to noosh.com, even in the event that some element
of our system fails. Our service is designed to run on a variety of hardware
platforms and will allow us to add capacity as transaction volumes increase.
Communications Layer. The communications layer connects our service with our
customers' desktop computers. The ability to integrate these diverse systems
has enabled us to create a collaborative online environment supporting a wide
range of users. The NOOSH firewall filters the incoming data stream and
provides a first line of site security. Our communications architecture is
based on standard industry technologies and protocols.
Interface and Presentation Layer. The interface and presentation layer
provides the "look and feel" of noosh.com. Based upon user requests and access
rights, this layer retrieves information from the lower layers of the system
and transforms it into presentable content, which is delivered to the desktop
by the communications layer.
LiveJobs Technology. Our LiveJobs technology delivers the business logic
necessary to allow the user to access, manage and communicate information about
each print order. Each print order is modeled in our application as a sequence
of user-determined workflow steps. In order to facilitate communication between
users, we have developed event notification and messaging capabilities that
assist our users in completing each workflow step. This notification subsystem
also enables communication with customers' third-party print management tools.
Enterprise Services Layer. The enterprise services layer facilitates
information exchange with our data repository. Our databases are implemented
using industry-leading database software from Oracle and run on standard server
hardware.
We control access to our service through login, authentication and
authorization mechanisms and user role definitions, allowing the automated
enforcement of access privileges. Our LiveJobs technology helps assure that
users only see the information to which they are permitted access based on
their role in a job or project and their group manager's authorization.
Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and
restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We also
enter into confidentiality agreements
46
with our employees and consultants and other third parties and control access
to software, documentation and other proprietary information. Currently we have
four U.S. patents pending relating to our noosh.com service. We do not have any
issued patents. We have also filed for federal trademark registration for
"NOOSH" and the "NOOSH" logo in the United States, Canada, Japan and Europe and
for "LiveJobs" in the United States. However, we cannot be certain that the
steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights will be
adequate or that third parties will not infringe or misappropriate our
proprietary rights. We also cannot be sure that competitors will not
independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or
superior to the proprietary technologies employed in our Internet-based
services. If we fail to protect our proprietary rights adequately, our
competitors could offer similar services, potentially harming our competitive
position and decreasing our revenues in the United States and other
jurisdictions.
In addition, in recent years, there has been significant litigation in the
United States involving patents and other intellectual property rights,
including among companies in the Internet industry. The software code relating
to our noosh.com service or our methods of providing our noosh.com service may
infringe on the proprietary rights of others and they may assert infringement
claims against us. In February 2000, we received a letter from an individual,
Henry B. Freedman, advising us that his patent may cover the software code
comprising our noosh.com service and requesting that we consider licensing the
patent. We are currently evaluating the patent. However, based upon our
preliminary review we do not believe that we require a license under the patent
to operate our current service. If this matter or any other matters or claims
that may be asserted against us in the future cannot be resolved through a
license or similar arrangement, we could become a party to litigation. Any
claim of infringement of proprietary rights of others, even if ultimately
decided in our favor, could result in substantial costs and diversion of
resources. In addition, we cannot be sure that licenses to third-party
technology will be available to us at a reasonable cost, or at all. If we were
unable to obtain a license on reasonable terms, we could be forced to redesign
our service or to cease selling or using it.
Competition
We primarily encounter competition with respect to different aspects of our
service from print vendors offering traditional methods of designing and
managing print orders, such as R.R. Donnelley companies that offer business-to-
business Internet-based procurement services focused on the print industry such
as Collabria, Inc., printCafe, Inc. and Impresse Corporation, or traditional
enterprise software companies that offer proprietary management software and
may develop alternative print procurement and management services. In addition,
some large commercial print vendors have developed proprietary e-commerce
services and other print vendors may develop or acquire competing services.
Because barriers to entry in the market for Internet-based print management
services are relatively insubstantial, we expect additional competition from
other established and emerging companies as the market continues to develop and
expand.
We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting our market
include adoption by a significant number of print buyers and print vendors,
product quality and performance, industry-specific expertise, customer service
and support, core technology, breadth and depth of product features and value
of solution. Although we believe that our solution currently competes favorably
with respect to these factors, our market is relatively new and is evolving
rapidly. We may not be able to maintain our competitive position against
current and potential competitors, especially those with significantly greater
financial, marketing, service, support, technical and other resources.
Some of our current and potential competitors may develop Internet-based
solutions that achieve greater market acceptance than our service. Many of our
existing and potential competitors have greater name recognition, larger
customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing
resources than we do. Such competitors can undertake more extensive marketing
47
campaigns for their brands, products and services, adopt more aggressive
pricing policies and make more attractive offers to customers, potential
employees, distribution partners, and commercial print suppliers. In addition,
current and potential competitors have established or may establish cooperative
relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase the ability of
their products to address customer needs. For example, other Internet-based
print management services may establish relationships with business-to-business
procurement system providers. Accordingly, it is possible that new competitors
or alliances among competitors may emerge and rapidly achieve customer
acceptance.
Employees
As of March 31, 2000, we had 214 full-time employees. Of these employees, we
have 130 in sales and marketing, 48 in research and development, five in
customer support and 31 in general and administrative services and operations.
None of our employees is represented by a labor union, and we consider our
labor relations to be good.
Facilities
We are headquartered in Palo Alto, California, where we lease approximately
23,000 square feet pursuant to a term lease that expires on December 31, 2000
and 9,000 square feet pursuant to a term lease that expires on December 31,
2001. These facilities are used for executive office space, including sales and
marketing, finance and administration, research and design and customer
support. We also lease an aggregate of approximately 38,000 square feet in
Broomfield, Connecticut; Santa Monica and Irvine, California; Atlanta, Georgia;
Chicago, Illinois; Cincinnati, Ohio; Dallas, Texas; Indianapolis, Indiana;
Jacksonville, Florida; McLean, Virginia; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Needham,
Massachusetts; New York, New York; Parsippany, New Jersey; Plymouth, Minnesota;
Portland, Oregon; and St. Louis, Missouri. These facilities are used for our
sales activities. The term lease for our facility in Needham, Massachusetts
expires on October 21, 2002, the term lease for our facility in New York, New
York expires on November 15, 2000, the term lease for our facility in McLean,
Virginia expires on November 15, 2004, the term lease for our facility in
Parsippany, New Jersey expires on July 30, 2003, the term lease for our
facility in Chicago, Illinois expires on May 1, 2003 and the term lease for our
facility in Irvine, California expires on May 22, 2005. The other facilities
are leased on a month-to-month basis. We believe that we will need to obtain
additional space for our headquarters and additional sales offices in the near
future and that this additional space can be obtained on commercially
reasonable terms.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in various lawsuits and legal
proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Currently, we are
not a party to any material litigation or arbitration proceedings.
48
MANAGEMENT
Executive Officers, Directors and Certain Key Employees
The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers,
directors and certain key employees as of April 4, 2000:
Name Age Position(s)
---- --- ----------
Ofer Ben-Shachar........ 39 President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
Kevin Akeroyd........... 31 Vice President of Sales
David Hannebrink........ 50 Vice President of Marketing and Business Development
Raymond Martinelli...... 41 Vice President of Human Resources
Timothy Moore........... 43 Vice President of Strategic Alliances, General Counsel and Secretary
Hagi Schwartz........... 38 Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Robert Shaw............. 37 Senior Vice President of Sales
Lawrence Slotnick....... 48 Vice President of Engineering
Mathew Spolin........... 28 Chief Technology Officer
Steven Baloff........... 44 Director
Edward Barr............. 63 Director
Kathy Levinson.......... 44 Director
Arthur Patterson........ 56 Director
Ofer Ben-Shachar founded NOOSH and has served as our President, Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board since August 1998. From December
1994 until February 1998, Mr. Ben-Shachar was the founder, Chairman and Chief
Technical Officer of NetDynamics, Inc., an Internet-based technology company
that was acquired by Sun Microsystems Inc. in summer 1998. Prior to
NetDynamics, Mr. Ben-Shachar founded Software Xcellence, a software consulting
company, and served as president until December 1994. From June 1987 to October
1990, Mr. Ben-Shachar served as a senior software engineer for Teknekron
Software Systems, now Tibco Software Inc. Mr. Ben-Shachar holds a B.S. degree,
cum laude, in Math and Computer Science from Hebrew University in Jerusalem and
an M.S. in Computer Science from Washington State University.
Kevin Akeroyd has served as our Vice President of Sales since August 1999.
From July 1990 to August 1999, Mr. Akeroyd worked at R.R. Donnelley & Sons
Company, a provider of printing and integrated services, in a variety of
positions, including National Sales Vice President for their PreMedia division.
Mr. Akeroyd holds a B.A. degree in Business Administration from the University
of Washington.
David Hannebrink has served as our Vice President of Marketing and Business
Development since January 1999. From May 1997 to December 1998, he was a
consultant providing general management and marketing services to small and
mid-sized companies. In November 1982 he founded Covalent Systems Corporation,
a supplier of enterprise software and data collection systems for the printing
and electronic publishing industries. Mr. Hannebrink was with Covalent, and
with Logic Associates, Inc. after it acquired Covalent, until April 1997. He
served in several senior executive positions at Covalent, including service as
President and Chief Executive Officer of Covalent from March 1991 to April
1995. Most recently, he served as Vice President Sales and Marketing of Logic.
Mr. Hannebrink holds a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Cornell
University, an S.M. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. degree from the Leavey School of Business
at Santa Clara University.
Raymond Martinelli has served as our Vice President of Human Resources since
September 1999. From July 1995 to September 1999, Mr. Martinelli was Vice
President of Human Resources for Computer Curriculum Corporation, a provider of
educational software and services for K-12 schools. From August 1988 to July
1995, Mr. Martinelli was Divisional Human Resources Manager at Apple
49
Computer, Inc. Mr. Martinelli holds a B.A. degree in Organizational
Communications from California State University, Sacramento and an M.A. degree
in Organizational Development from Golden Gate University.
Timothy Moore has served as our Vice President of Strategic Alliances and
General Counsel since January 2000. Mr. Moore has also served as our Secretary
since inception. From October 1997 to January 2000, Mr. Moore was a partner in
the law firm of Cooley Godward LLP, where his practice focused on the
representation of emerging technology companies. Prior to joining Cooley
Godward, Mr. Moore served for two years as Vice President, Strategic
Investments and General Counsel of Verity, Inc. From 1986 to 1996, Mr. Moore
practiced law at Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich, where he was elected partner in
1991 and was a member of the compensation committee. Mr. Moore holds a J.D.
degree from Stanford Law School and a B.A. degree in Economics, with
distinction, from Stanford University.
Hagi Schwartz has served as our Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial
Officer since October 1999. From January 1996 to October 1999, Mr. Schwartz
served as Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Finance of Check Point
Software Technologies Ltd., a worldwide leader in securing the Internet. From
April 1991 to December 1995, Mr. Schwartz served as the acting Chief Financial
Officer and Controller of Mercury Interactive Corporation, a software testing
company. Mr. Schwartz holds a B.A. degree in Accounting and Economics from Bar
Ilan University, Israel.
Robert Shaw has served as our Senior Vice President of Sales since January
2000. From July 1985 to January 2000, Mr. Shaw worked at R.R. Donnelley & Sons
Company, a provider of printing and integrated services, in a variety of
capacities including Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing for the
Merchandise Media Business and Senior Vice President of Business-to-Business.
Mr. Shaw holds a B.A. degree in Business Administration and a B.S. degree in
Economics from Geneva College in Western Pennsylvania.
Lawrence Slotnick has served as our Vice President of Engineering since April
1999. From April 1997 to April 1999, he served as Vice President of Internet
and Enterprise Products at Apple Computer, Inc. where he was responsible for
charting Apple's strategic course for networking, collaboration and
communications products. From August 1995 to April 1997 he served as Vice
President of Engineering for the Global Business Systems division of Octel
Communications Corp. From March 1991 to June 1995, Mr. Slotnick served as Vice
President of Product Development in Apple's Claris subsidiary. Mr. Slotnick
holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in Computer Science from the University of
California, Berkeley.
Mathew Spolin has served as our Chief Technology Officer since January 1999.
Prior to joining us, Mr. Spolin was professional services and product manager
at Pangea Systems, Inc., a Java Fund startup specializing in development and
maintenance of large enterprise systems for pharmaceutical research. From March
1993 to April 1997, he was the senior bioinformatics architect for Human Genome
Sciences, Inc., a genomics and pharmaceutical company. Mr. Spolin holds a B.S.
in Computer Information Systems from The American University in Washington D.C.
Steven Baloff has served as a member of our board of directors since April
1999. Since February 1996, Mr. Baloff has worked for Advanced Technology
Ventures, a venture capital firm, and currently serves as a General Partner.
Prior to joining Advanced Technology Ventures, Mr. Baloff was Chief Executive
Officer and founder of Worldview, a co-creator of Travelocity. Mr. Baloff has
also held a variety of executive positions with Covalent Systems. Mr. Baloff
serves on the boards of directors of several privately held companies. Mr.
Baloff holds an A.B. degree in Economics from Harvard University and an M.B.A.
degree from Stanford University.
50
Edward E. Barr has served as a member of our board of directors since March
2000. Since 1998, Mr. Barr served as Chairman of Sun Chemical Group, B.V., the
holding company of Sun Chemical Corporation, a manufacturer of printing inks
and organic pigments. From 1987 to 1998, Mr. Barr served as President and Chief
Executive Officer of Sun Chemical. Mr. Barr also is Chairman of the Board of
Kodak Polychrome Graphics, Sun Chemical's joint-venture with Kodak Company and
a provider of printing supplies to the graphics art market. Mr. Barr also
serves on the boards of directors of Sun Chemical's parent company, Dainippon
Ink & Chemicals of Tokyo, Japan, United Water Resources, Inc., a provider of
water and waste water services and First Union Corporation, a financial
services company. Mr. Barr is a trustee of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance
Company. Mr. Barr holds a B.S. degree in Business from New York University's
Stern School of Business and an M.S. degree in Economics from the University of
Michigan.
Kathy Levinson has served as a member of our board of directors since
November 1999. Since January 1999, Ms. Levinson has served as President and
Chief Operating Officer of E*TRADE Group, Inc., a global provider of electronic
personal financial services. Since January 1996, Ms. Levinson served as
President and Chief Operating Officer of E*TRADE Securities, Inc., a wholly
owned subsidiary of E*TRADE Group, Inc. From 1980 to 1994, Ms. Levinson worked
at Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., a securities brokerage firm, in a variety of
senior executive positions. Ms. Levinson holds a B.A. degree in Economics from
Stanford University.
Arthur Patterson has served as a member of our board of directors since April
1999. He is currently General Partner at Accel Partners, a venture capital firm
which he co-founded. He is currently on the board of directors of Actuate
Corp., an Internet reporting company, Weblink Wireless Inc., a wireless
messaging company, and Portal Software Inc., an Internet billing company, as
well as several privately held Internet services companies. Mr. Patterson holds
A.B. and M.B.A. degrees from Harvard University.
Board Composition
We currently have five directors. Prior to this offering, the holders of our
Series A preferred stock, Series B preferred stock and common stock, each
voting as a separate class, are entitled to elect one member of our board of
directors. Currently, Mr. Baloff is serving as the Series A director, Mr.
Patterson is serving as the Series B director and Mr. Ben-Shachar is serving as
the common stock director. This right to elect directors will expire upon the
closing of this offering. All remaining members of our board of directors are
elected by the holders of our common stock and preferred stock, voting together
as a single class. Upon the closing of this offering, the terms of office of
the board of directors will be divided into three classes. As a result, a
portion of our board of directors will be elected each year by the common
stockholders. The division of the three classes, the initial directors and
their respective election dates are as follows:
. the class I directors will be Ofer Ben-Shachar and Arthur Patterson, and
their terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in
2001;
. the class II directors will be Steven Baloff and Edward Barr, and their
terms will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2002;
and
. the class III director will be Kathy Levinson, and her term will expire at
the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2003.
At each annual meeting of stockholders after the initial classification, the
successors to directors whose terms will then expire will be elected to serve
from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting
following election. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation provides that the authorized number of directors may be changed
only by resolution of the board of directors. Any additional directorships
resulting from an increase in the number of
51
directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as
possible, each class will consist of one-third of the directors. This
classification of the board of directors may have the effect of delaying or
preventing changes in control or management of NOOSH.
Board Committees
. Audit Committee. Our audit committee reviews our internal accounting
procedures and consults with, and reviews the services provided by, our
independent auditors. Current members of our audit committee are Steven
Baloff, Edward Barr and Kathy Levinson.
. Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee reviews and recommends to
the board of directors the compensation and benefits of all our officers and
reviews general policy relating to compensation and benefits of our
employees. The compensation committee also administers the issuance of stock
options and other awards under our stock plans. Current members of the
compensation committee are Steven Baloff and Arthur Patterson.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
Neither member of the compensation committee has at any time been an officer
or employee of NOOSH. No interlocking relationship exists between our board of
directors or compensation committee and the board of directors or compensation
committee of any other company, nor has any interlocking relationship existed
in the past.
Director Compensation
We do not provide cash compensation to members of our board of directors for
their services as members of the board or for attendance at committee meetings.
Members of the board of directors are reimbursed for some expenses in
connection with attendance at board and committee meetings. Under our 1998
equity incentive plan and our 2000 equity incentive plan, non-employee
directors are eligible to receive stock option grants at the discretion of our
board of directors or other administrator of the plan. In May 1999, Arthur
Patterson, one of our non-employee directors, received an option to purchase
300,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.1375 per share. In
November 1999, Kathy Levinson, one of our non-employee directors, received an
option to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50
per share. In January 2000, Steven Baloff, one of our non-employee directors,
received an option to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock at $2.50 per
share. In March 2000, Edward Barr, one of our non-employee directors, received
an option to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of
$9.50 per share. These options vest over a three year period in equal monthly
increments.
In January 2000, we adopted our 2000 non-employee directors' stock option
plan to provide for the automatic grant of options to purchase shares of our
common stock to our directors who are not employees of NOOSH or any of our
affiliates. Any non-employee director elected after the effective date of this
offering will automatically receive an option to purchase 25,000 shares of
common stock when elected to the board of directors. Starting at the annual
stockholder meeting in 2001, all non-employee directors will receive an annual
option to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock. See "--Stock Plans--2000 Non-
Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan" for a more detailed explanation of the
terms of these stock options.
52
Executive Compensation
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation
received for services rendered to us by our Chief Executive Officer and our
four other most highly compensated executive officers in 1999 who earned, or
would have earned on an annualized basis, more than $100,000 during the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1999.
Summary Annual Compensation Table
Long-Term
Compensation
Awards
Annual (Option
Compensation Awards)
---------------- ------------
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Name and Principal Position Salary Bonus Options
--------------------------- -------- ------- ------------
Ofer Ben-Shachar................................. $163,333 -- --
President, Chief Executive Officer
and Chairman of the Board
Kevin Akeroyd(1)................................. 56,248 $25,004 100,000
Vice President of Sales
David Hannebrink(2).............................. 143,750 60,000 416,000
Vice President of Marketing
and Business Development
Hagi Schwartz(3)................................. 32,290 65,000 300,000
Vice President of Finance
and Chief Financial Officer
Lawrence Slotnick(4)............................. 107,116 15,000 450,000
Vice President of Engineering
- --------
(1) Mr. Akeroyd joined NOOSH in August 1999. On an annualized basis, Mr.
Akeroyd's base salary would have been $150,000. Mr. Akeroyd is guaranteed
a minimum monthly commission of $6,250 until January 1, 2001. Until
January 1, 2001, Mr. Akeroyd is also eligible to receive an additional
monthly commission of $6,250 for achieving sales commission goals.
(2) Mr. Hannebrink joined NOOSH in January 1999. On an annualized basis, Mr.
Hannebrink's base salary would have been $150,000. Mr. Hannebrink is also
eligible to receive a bonus of $30,000 for each fiscal year upon
achievement of quarterly performance milestones.
(3) Mr. Schwartz joined NOOSH in October 1999. On an annualized basis, Mr.
Schwartz's base salary would have been $154,992.
(4) Mr. Slotnick joined NOOSH in April 1999. On an annualized basis, Mr.
Slotnick's base salary would have been $160,008. Mr. Slotnick is also
eligible to receive a bonus of $30,000 for each fiscal year upon
achievement of quarterly performance milestones.
53
Option Grants
The following table sets forth information regarding stock options granted,
if any, to our Chief Executive Officer and our four other most highly
compensated executive officers during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999.
Percentage of total options as set forth below was calculated based on an
aggregate of 5,294,990 shares of common stock granted under the 1998 equity
incentive plan in fiscal 1999. The potential realizable value as set forth
below was calculated based on the ten-year term of the option and assumed rates
of stock appreciation of 5% and 10%, compounded annually from the date the
options were granted to their expiration date based on the exercise price and
an assumed initial public offering price of $12.00 per share. In addition, the
0% column calculates the value of the option on the date of grant based on the
exercise price of the option and the deemed fair market value for financial
reporting purposes that we used in calculating deferred stock compensation.
Option Grants During Fiscal 1999
Percentage
of Total Potential Realizable Value At
Number of Options Assumed Annual Rates of Stock
Securities Granted Exercise Price Appreciation for Option
Underlying during Price Term
Options Fiscal Per Expiration ---------------------------------
Name Granted 1999 Share Date 0% 5% 10%
- ---- ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Ofer Ben-Shachar........ -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Kevin Akeroyd........... 100,000 1.9% $ 0.50 8/18/09 $ 400,000 $1,811,594 $ 2,779,537
David Hannebrink........ 416,000 7.9% 0.0325 1/24/09 108,160 7,730,710 11,757,355
Hagi Schwartz........... 300,000 5.7% 1.00 10/7/09 1,680,000 5,284,782 8,188,612
Lawrence Slotnick....... 400,000 8.5% 0.1375 6/7/09 441,000 7,391,375 11,263,149
50,000 1.00 10/7/09 280,000 880,797 1,364,769
The options listed in the table above are subject to vesting. The option
shares vest over a four-year period, with 25% of the option shares vesting
after one year and 2.08% vesting monthly thereafter. See "Stock Plans" for a
description of the material terms of these options.
54
Aggregated Option Exercises in Last Fiscal Year and Fiscal Year-End Option
Values
The following table provides summary information concerning the shares of
common stock represented by outstanding stock options held by our Chief
Executive Officer and our four other most highly compensated executive officers
as of December 31, 1999. Options granted to purchase shares of our common stock
under our 1998 equity incentive plan are immediately exercisable by certain
optionees at the discretion of the board, but are subject to a right of
repurchase pursuant to the vesting schedule of each specific grant. The
repurchase option generally lapses over a four year period, with 25% lapsing
after the first year and 2.08% lapsing monthly thereafter. In the event that an
employee ceases to provide service to us or our affiliates, we have the right
to repurchase any of that employee's unvested shares of common stock at the
original option price. Amounts shown in the value realized column were
calculated based on the difference between the option exercise price and the
fair market value of the common stock on the date of exercise, without taking
into account any taxes that may be payable in connection with the transaction,
multiplied by the number of shares of common stock underlying the option.
Exercise prices ranged from $0.0325 to $1.00. We have calculated the value of
unexercised in-the-money options based on the assumed initial public offering
price of $12.00 per share of common stock without taking into account any taxes
that may be payable in connection with the transaction, multiplied by the
number of shares underlying the option, less the aggregate exercise price
payable for these shares.
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options at Value of Unexercised
December 31, In-the-Money Options at
Shares 1999 December 31, 1999
Acquired on Value --------------- -------------------------
Name Exercise Realized Vested Unvested Exercisable Unexercisable
---- ----------- -------- ------ -------- ----------- -------------
Ofer Ben-Shachar........ -- -- -- -- -- --
Kevin Akeroyd........... -- -- -- 100,000 $1,150,000 --
David Hannebrink........ 416,000(1) $0.00 -- -- -- --
Hagi Schwartz........... 300,000(2) 0.00 -- -- -- --
Lawrence Slotnick....... -- -- -- 450,000 5,025,000 --
- --------
(1) As of December 31, 1999, 416,000 shares held by Mr. Hannebrink were
unvested and subject to repurchase by us.
(2) As of December 31, 1999, 300,000 shares held by Mr. Schwartz were unvested
and subject to repurchase by us.
Employment Arrangements
At the time of commencement of employment, our employees generally sign offer
letters specifying the basic terms and conditions of employment. In October
1999, we entered into an employment offer letter with Hagi Schwartz, our Vice
President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer. Under his employment offer
letter, we granted Mr. Schwartz an option to purchase 300,000 shares of common
stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. This option will vest 25% on the
first anniversary of his date of hire with the remainder vesting monthly over
the following three years. In the event Mr. Schwartz voluntarily terminates his
employment or is involuntarily terminated without cause, he is entitled to six
months continued salary and benefits and our repurchase right with respect to
his option shares continues to lapse over the six-month period.
In January 2000, we entered into an employment offer letter with Timothy
Moore, our Vice President of Strategic Alliances, General Counsel and
Secretary. Under his employment offer letter, we granted Mr. Moore an option to
purchase 285,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.25 per
share. This option will vest 25% on the first anniversary of his date of hire
with the
55
remainder vesting monthly over the following three years. In the event Mr.
Moore is terminated without cause, he is entitled to six months continued
salary, benefits and vesting of stock options. In addition, in the event Mr.
Moore is terminated without cause before the first anniversary of his date of
hire, he is entitled to vesting for each month of employment.
In January 2000, we entered into an employment offer letter with Robert Shaw,
our Senior Vice President of Sales. Under his employment offer letter, we
granted Mr. Shaw an option to purchase 270,000 shares of common stock at an
exercise price of $2.50 per share. This option will vest 25% on the first
anniversary of his date of hire with the remainder vesting monthly over the
following three years. In the event Mr. Shaw is terminated without cause he is
entitled to twelve months continued salary and benefits. In addition, in the
event Mr. Shaw is terminated without cause before the first anniversary of his
date of hire, 25% of his option shares would become immediately vested.
We have also entered into employment offer letters with Mathew Spolin, our
Chief Technology Officer, Lawrence Slotnick, our Vice President of Engineering,
Kevin Akeroyd, our Vice President of Sales, and David Hannebrink our Vice
President of Marketing and Business Development. These offer letters specify
the basic terms of their employment, including their monthly salary, bonus
arrangement, stock option grant and benefits package.
Stock Plans
2000 Equity Incentive Plan
Our board of directors adopted our 2000 plan in January 2000, and our
stockholders approved the 2000 plan in March 2000. The 2000 plan will be
effective on the effective date of this offering. At that time, no further
option grants will be made under our 1998 plan described in more detail below.
Share Reserve. A total of 6,000,000 shares of our common stock have been
reserved for issuance under the 2000 plan. On the date of each annual
stockholders' meeting, beginning with the annual stockholders' meeting in 2001,
the share reserve will increase by the least of the following:
. 4.5% of our total outstanding common stock;
. 2,000,000 shares of our common stock; or
. a lesser amount as determined by our board of directors.
When a stock award expires or is terminated before it is exercised, the shares
not acquired pursuant to the stock awards shall again become available for
issuance under the 2000 plan.
Eligibility. The 2000 plan permits the grant of options to employees,
directors and consultants. Options may be either incentive stock options, or
ISOs, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended, or nonstatutory stock options, or NSOs. In addition, the 2000 plan
permits the grant of stock bonuses and rights to purchase restricted stock.
The 2000 plan is administered by our board of directors. Our board of
directors may delegate its authority to administer the 2000 plan to a committee
of two or more board members appointed by the board of directors. The
administrator has the authority to select the eligible persons to whom award
grants are to be made, to designate the number of shares to be covered by each
award, to determine whether an option is to be an ISO or NSO, to establish
vesting schedules, to specify the exercise price of options and the type of
consideration to be paid upon exercise and to specify other terms of awards.
56
In general, the term of the stock options granted under the 2000 plan may not
exceed ten years. An optionholder may not transfer a stock option other than by
will or the law of descent or distribution. The exercise price for an ISO
cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the
date of grant. The exercise price for NSOs cannot be less than 85% of the fair
market value of our common stock on the date of grant. In the event the
optionholder is a 10% stockholder, then the exercise price per share of an ISO
cannot be less than 110% of the fair market value of our common stock on the
date of grant.
Unless the terms of an optionholder's stock option agreement provide for
earlier termination, in the event an optionholder's service relationship with
us ceases due to death, the optionholder's beneficiary may exercise any vested
options up to 18 months after the date the service relationship ends. In the
event an optionholder's service relationship with us ceases due to disability,
the optionholder may exercise any vested option up to twelve months after the
date the service relationship ends. If an optionholder's relationship with us
ceases for any reason other than disability or death, the optionholder may,
unless the terms of the stock option agreement provide for earlier termination,
exercise any vested options up to three months from the date the service
relationship ends.
ISOs may be granted only to our employees. The aggregate fair market value,
determined at the time of grant, of shares of our common stock with respect to
which ISOs are exercisable for the first time by an optionholder during any
calendar year under all of our stock plans may not exceed $100,000. No ISO may
be granted to any person who at the time of the grant owns or is deemed to own
stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of us or any
of our affiliates unless the term of the ISO award does not exceed five years
from the date of grant.
Effect on Options of a Change in Control. In the event of a change in control
in the beneficial ownership of NOOSH, all outstanding stock awards under the
2000 plan either will be assumed, continued or substituted for by any surviving
entity. If the surviving entity determines not to assume, continue or
substitute for these awards, the vesting provisions of such stock awards will
be accelerated and all outstanding awards will be immediately exercisable.
Awards not exercised prior to the effective date of the change of control shall
terminate and cease to be outstanding. In certain change in control
circumstances the vesting provisions of the outstanding stock awards will be
accelerated automatically. Furthermore, if a holder of a stock award is
terminated due to a constructive termination or involuntarily terminated
without cause within one month before or 13 months after a change in control,
the vesting of that holder's stock awards will be accelerated.
Other Provisions. The terms of any stock bonuses or restricted stock purchase
awards granted under the 2000 plan will be determined by the administrator. The
administrator may award stock bonuses in consideration of past services without
a purchase payment. The purchase price of restricted stock under any restricted
stock purchase agreement will not be less than 85% of the fair market value of
our common stock on the date of grant. Shares sold or awarded under the 2000
plan may be subject to repurchase by us.
Our board of directors may amend or modify the 2000 plan at any time.
However, no amendment or modification shall adversely affect the rights and
obligations with respect to options or unvested awards unless the participant
consents to such an amendment or modification. In addition, the approval of our
stockholders is required for our board of directors to:
. increase the maximum number of shares issuable under the 2000 equity
incentive plan (except for permissible adjustments in the event of certain
changes in the company's capitalization);
. materially modify the eligibility requirements for participation; or
. materially increase the benefits accruing to participants.
57
1998 Equity Incentive Plan
Our board of directors adopted and our stockholders approved our 1998 equity
incentive plan in November 1998. The 1998 plan was amended in April 1999 and in
December 1999, and our stockholders approved both amendments. An aggregate of
8,000,000 shares of common stock currently are authorized for issuance under
the 1998 plan. Upon the effective date of this offering, no further option
grants will be made under the 1998 plan. The options granted under the 1998
plan have substantially the same terms as will be in effect for grants made
under the 2000 plan. With respect to change in control provisions, all
outstanding options under the 1998 plan either will be assumed or substituted
by any surviving entity. If the surviving entity determines not to assume or
substitute such awards, the vesting schedule of all outstanding awards shall
accelerate and all outstanding awards will be immediately exercisable. Awards
not exercised prior to the effective date of the change in control shall
terminate and cease to be outstanding on the effective date of a change in
control.
As of April 4, 2000, options to purchase a total of 3,490,050 shares of
common stock had been exercised, none of which had been repurchased and
2,808,522 of which were subject to repurchase; options to purchase a total of
4,392,538 shares of common stock with a weighted average price of $2.06 per
share were outstanding; and 117,412 shares remained available for future
issuance under the 1998 plan. As of April 4, 2000, the board had not granted
any stock bonuses or stock appreciation rights under the 1998 plan.
2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Our board of directors adopted the 2000 employee stock purchase plan in
January 2000, and our stockholders approved the 2000 stock purchase plan in
March 2000.
Share Reserve. A total of 600,000 shares of common stock have been authorized
for issuance under the 2000 purchase plan. On the date of each annual
stockholders' meeting, beginning with the annual stockholders' meeting in 2001,
the share reserve will increase by the least of the following:
. 1.5% of our total outstanding common stock;
. 600,000 shares of our common stock; or
. a lesser amount as determined by the board of directors.
The 2000 purchase plan is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase
plan within the meaning of Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended. Under the 2000 purchase plan, eligible employees will be able to
purchase common stock at a discount price in periodic offerings. The 2000
purchase plan will commence on the effective date of this offering.
Eligibility. All employees are eligible to participate in the 2000 purchase
plan so long as they are employed by us, or a subsidiary designated by the
board of directors, for at least 20 hours per week and are customarily employed
by us, or a subsidiary designated by the board of directors, for at least five
months per calendar year. Any employee who is a 5% stockholder is not eligible
to participate in the 2000 purchase plan.
Under the 2000 purchase plan, employees who participate in an offering
generally may have up to 15% of their earnings for the period of that offering
withheld. The amount withheld is used on each purchase date of the offering
period to purchase shares of common stock. The price paid for common stock on
the purchase dates will equal the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the
common stock on the first day of the offering period or 85% of the fair market
value of the common stock on the purchase date. Employees may end their
participation in the offering at any time during the offering period, and
participation ends automatically on termination of employment.
58
Effect of a Change in Control. Upon a change in control of the beneficial
ownership of us, our board of directors has discretion to provide that each
right to purchase common stock will be assumed or an equivalent right
substituted by the successor entity or the board of directors may provide for
all sums collected by payroll deductions to be applied to purchase stock
immediately prior to the effective date of the change in control transaction.
Other Provisions. Our board of directors has the authority to amend or
terminate the 2000 purchase plan; provided, however, that no amendment or
termination of the 2000 purchase plan may adversely affect any outstanding
rights to purchase common stock. Amendments generally will be submitted for
stockholder approval only to the extent required by law.
2000 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan
Our board of directors adopted the 2000 non-employee directors' stock option
plan in January 2000, and our stockholders approved the 2000 non-employee
directors' stock option plan in March 2000. The directors' plan will be
effective on the effective date of this offering.
Share Reserve. A total of 350,000 shares of our common stock have been
reserved for issuance under the 2000 directors' plan. When a stock option
expires or is terminated before it is exercised, the shares not acquired
pursuant to the stock option shall again become available for issuance under
the 2000 directors' plan.
Eligibility and Option Terms. The directors' plan permits the grant of NSOs
to non-employee directors. The 2000 directors' plan is administered by our
board of directors. However, the grant of stock options is automatic.
On the effective date of this offering, each non-employee director will
automatically be granted an option to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock,
unless that director has previously been granted an option. Any individual who
becomes a non-employee director after this offering will automatically receive
this initial grant upon being elected to the board of directors. On each annual
stockholders' meeting, beginning with the annual stockholders' meeting in 2001,
any person who is then a non-employee director will automatically be granted an
option to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock.
In general, the stock options granted under the directors' plan may not
exceed ten years. An optionholder may not transfer a stock option other than by
will or the law of descent or distribution. The exercise price for nonstatutory
stock options will be 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the
date of grant.
Unless the terms of an optionholder's stock option agreement provide for
earlier termination, in the event an optionholder's service relationship with
us ceases due to death, the optionholder's beneficiary may exercise any vested
options up to 18 months after the date such service relationship ends. In the
event an optionholder's service relationship with us ceases due to disability,
the optionholder may exercise any vested option up to twelve months after the
cessation of service. If an optionholder's relationship with us ceases for any
reason other than disability or death, the optionholder may, unless the terms
of the stock option agreement provide for earlier termination, exercise any
vested options up to three months from the date the service relationship ends.
Effect on Options of a Change in Control. In the event of certain changes in
control in the beneficial ownership of us, the vesting provisions of all
outstanding stock options under the directors' plan will be accelerated and the
stock options will be terminated upon the change of control if not previously
exercised.
59
Other Provisions. Our board of directors may amend or modify the directors'
plan at any time. However, no such amendment or modification shall adversely
affect the rights and obligations with respect to options unless the
participant consents to such an amendment or modification.
401(k) Plan
We sponsor a 401(k) plan, a defined contribution plan intended to qualify
under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. All
employees are eligible to participate. Participants may make pre-tax
contributions to the 401(k) plan of up to 25% of their eligible earnings,
subject to a statutorily prescribed annual limit ($10,500 in 2000). Under the
401(k) plan, each employee is fully vested in his or her deferred salary
contributions. Employee contributions are held and invested by the 401(k)
plan's trustee.
Each participant's contributions, and the corresponding investment earnings,
are generally not taxable to the participants until withdrawn. Individual
participants may direct the trustee to invest their accounts in authorized
investment alternatives.
Limitation of Liability of Directors and Indemnification Matters
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation limits the liability of
directors to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law
provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for
monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except
liability for:
. any breach of their duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;
. acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct
or a knowing violation of law;
. unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions;
or
. any transaction from which a director derives an improper personal benefit.
This limitation of liability does not apply to liabilities arising under the
federal securities laws and does not affect the availability of equitable
remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that
we will indemnify our directors and officers, and may indemnify our other
employees and agents, to the fullest extent permitted by law. We believe that
indemnification under our bylaws covers at least negligence and gross
negligence on the part of indemnified parties. Our bylaws also permit us to
secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent
for any liability arising out of his or her actions in that capacity and
certain other capacities, including serving as a director of another
corporation at the request of our board, regardless of whether the bylaws would
permit indemnification.
We intend to enter into agreements to indemnify our directors and executive
officers in addition to indemnification provided for in our certificate of
incorporation and our bylaws. These agreements, among other things, provide for
indemnification of our directors and executive officers for expenses specified
in the agreements, including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and settlement
amounts incurred by any of these persons in any action or proceeding arising
out of these persons' services as a director or officer for us, any of our
subsidiaries or any other entity to which the person provides services at our
request. We believe that these provisions and agreements are necessary to
attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.
At present, we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation or
proceeding involving a director, officer, employee or agent in which
indemnification would be required or permitted.
60
Change of Control Arrangements
In August 1998 and September 1998, we entered into founder stock purchase
agreements with Ofer Ben-Shachar, our President, Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board. Under the terms of the agreements, as amended in April
1999, approximately 33% of his shares were immediately vested with
approximately 1.85% of his shares vesting monthly thereafter. Upon involuntary
termination prior to a change of control of us, approximately 11% of his shares
would become immediately vested. Upon involuntary termination following a
change of control of us, 100% of his remaining unvested shares would become
immediately vested.
In October 1999, we entered into an employment offer letter with Hagi
Schwartz, our Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer, and in
January 2000, we entered into an employment offer letter with Timothy Moore,
our Vice President of Strategic Alliances, General Counsel and Secretary. Under
the terms of their employment offer letters, Mr. Schwartz and Mr. Moore are
entitled to full acceleration of the unvested portion of their option shares in
the event of a change of control.
According to the terms of the stock option grants to four of our directors,
Steven Baloff, Edward Barr, Kathy Levinson and Arthur Patterson, vesting of
their option shares will immediately accelerate upon a change of control
transaction.
For more information about the change of control provisions under our stock
plans, See "--Stock Plans."
61
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The following executive officers, directors or holders of more than five
percent of any class of our voting securities purchased securities in the
amounts as of the dates shown below. For more detail on shares held by these
purchasers see "Principal Stockholders." All preferred share amounts are listed
on an as-converted to common stock basis.
Shares of Preferred Stock
--------------------------------------- Warrants for
Common Stock Series A Series B Series C Series D Common Stock
----------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ------------
Ofer Ben-Shachar................ 8,000,000 2,999,998 160,000 100,671 45,455 --
Kevin Akeroyd................... 100,000 -- -- -- -- --
David Hannebrink................ 436,706 -- -- -- -- --
Raymond Martinelli.............. 75,000 -- -- -- -- --
Timothy Moore................... 285,000 -- -- -- -- --
Hagi Schwartz................... 310,000 -- 14,546 -- -- --
Robert Shaw..................... 270,000 -- -- -- -- --
Lawrence Slotnick............... 400,000 -- -- -- -- --
Mathew Spolin................... 216,720 -- -- -- -- --
Steven Baloff................... 25,000 -- -- -- -- --
Edward Barr..................... 25,000 -- -- -- -- --
Kathy Levinson.................. 100,000 -- -- -- -- --
Accel Internet Fund II L.P.(1).. -- -- 605,090 139,597 -- --
Accel Investors '98 L.P.(1)..... -- -- 401,456 92,617 -- --
Accel Keiretsu VI L.P.(1)....... -- -- 75,636 17,450 -- --
Accel VI L.P.(1)................ -- -- 4,736,000 1,092,618 -- --
Advanced Technology Ventures V,
L.P.(2)........................ -- -- 2,106,582 560,913 -- --
ATV Entrepreneurs V, L.P.(2).... -- -- 75,236 20,033 -- --
MeriTech Capital Affiliates L.P.
............................... -- -- -- 32,215 -- --
MeriTech Capital Partners L.P.
............................... -- -- -- 1,981,208 -- --
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.. -- -- -- -- 1,272,727 2,780,158
Price Per Share................. $0.00125 to $9.50 $ 0.65 $ 2.75 $ 7.45 $ 11.00 $ 11.00
Date(s) of Purchase............. 8/98 to 3/00 11/98 4/99 11/99 1/00 1/00
- --------
(1) Arthur Patterson, one of our directors, is a general partner of Accel
Partners.
(2) Steven Baloff, one of our directors, is a general partner of Advanced
Technology Ventures.
We have entered into the following agreements with our executive officers,
directors and holders of more than five percent of our voting securities.
Co-Marketing Agreement. In January 2000, we entered into a co-development and
co-marketing agreement with R.R. Donnelley, a beneficial holder of 6.5% of our
common stock. Under the agreement, we and R.R. Donnelley are committed to
actively promote and market the noosh.com service to R.R. Donnelley's
customers, particularly in the catalog, magazine and book publishing markets.
R.R. Donnelley also agreed to pay us a transaction fee based on the aggregate
volume of print orders processed by them. R.R. Donnelley is not committed to
any volume targets.
Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement. We, the preferred
stockholders described above and R.R. Donnelley have entered into an agreement,
under which they and other stockholders will have registration rights with
respect to their shares of common stock which we refer to as registrable
shares, following this offering. These registration rights include two demand
registration rights, an unlimited number of registration rights requiring us to
register sales of their shares when we undertake a public offering, or
piggyback registration rights, and an unlimited number of Form S-3 registration
rights. In order to exercise their demand registration rights,
62
stockholders holding at least 30% of the registrable shares must submit a
written request that we file a registration statement for a public offering of
the registrable shares having an anticipated aggregated offering price of at
least $15,000,000. In order to exercise their piggyback registration rights,
each holder of registrable shares must submit written notice to us within 15
days of receiving notice from us that we intend to file a registration
statement for the public offering of our common stock. In order to exercise
their Form S-3 registration rights, stockholders holding at least 20% of the
registrable shares must submit a written request that we effect a registration
on Form S-3. See "Description of Capital Stock--Registration Rights" for a
further description of the terms of this agreement.
E*TRADE Agreement. In December 1999, we entered into our standard form of
print buyer agreement with E*TRADE Group, Inc. Kathy Levinson, one of our
directors, serves as president and chief operating officer of E*TRADE. Under
the agreement, if E*TRADE uses our service, it has agreed to pay us a monthly
service fee based upon applicable dollar volumes.
Indebtedness of Management. From April 1999 to March 2000, we made loans to
the following officers and directors:
Name Amount Due Date
---- -------- ----------------
David Hannebrink................................... $ 13,520 April 15, 2001
Hagi Schwartz...................................... 300,000 October 8, 2004
David Hannebrink................................... 100,000 November 1, 2000
Kevin Akeroyd...................................... 49,900 January 3, 2005
Raymond Martinelli................................. 59,925 January 3, 2005
Timothy Moore...................................... 641,250 January 3, 2005
Steven Baloff...................................... 61,475 January 15, 2005
David Hannebrink................................... 100,000 January 15, 2002
Robert Shaw........................................ 674,730 January 15, 2005
Hagi Schwartz...................................... 64,990 February 4, 2005
Edward Barr........................................ 237,475 March 15, 2005
Each loan was made under a promissory note secured by a pledge of early
exercised common shares. The notes bear interest at between 6% and 6.8% per
year.
Stock Options. Stock option grants to our executive officers and directors
are described in this prospectus under the captions "Management--Director
Compensation" and "--Executive Compensation."
Management Rights. In November 1999, we entered into a management rights
letter agreement with MeriTech Capital, a holder of 6.0% of our common stock.
Under the terms of the letter agreement, MeriTech is entitled to consult with
and advise us on significant business issues and to attend all board meetings
in a non-voting observer capacity.
Executive Employment Arrangements. In October 1999, we entered into an
employment offer letter with Hagi Schwartz, our Vice President of Finance and
Chief Financial Officer. In January 2000, we entered into employment offer
letters with Robert Shaw, our Senior Vice President of Sales, and Timothy
Moore, our Vice President of Strategic Alliances and General Counsel.
See "Management--Employment Arrangements."
Indemnification Agreements. We intend to enter into indemnification
agreements with our directors and executive officers for the indemnification of
these persons to the full extent permitted by law. We also intend to execute
these agreements with our future directors and officers.
63
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the
beneficial ownership of our outstanding common stock as of April 4, 2000, and
as adjusted to reflect the sale of our common stock in this offering, by:
. our Chief Executive Officer and each of our four other most highly
compensated executive officers;
. each director;
. each stockholder who is known by us to own beneficially 5% or more of any
class of our voting securities; and
. all directors and executive officers as a group.
Percentage of ownership in the following table is calculated based on
33,602,173 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 4, 2000 and
37,602,173 shares of common stock outstanding after completion of this
offering.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission. In computing the number of shares
beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person,
shares of common stock subject to options held by that person that are
currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of April 4, 2000 are deemed
outstanding. Those shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purposes
of computing the percentage ownership of each other person. Except as indicated
in the footnotes to the table, the persons named in the table have sole voting
and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as
beneficially owned by them, subject to community property laws where
applicable. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each of the individuals
named above is: 3401 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Beneficial Ownership
--------------------------------------------------------------
Number of
Options or Shares
Warrants NOOSH may
Exercisable Repurchase
Within Within Percent
60 Days of 60 Days of -----------------
Name and Address of Number of April 4, April 4, Before After
Beneficial Owner Shares(1) 2000 2000(2) Total Offering Offering
- ------------------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
Ofer Ben-Shachar(3)..... 6,120,977 -- 1,185,147 7,306,124 21.7% 19.4%
Kevin Akeroyd........... -- -- 100,000 100,000 * *
David Hannebrink........ 142,039 -- 277,334 436,706 1.3 1.2
Hagi Schwartz........... 14,546 -- 310,000 324,546 * *
Lawrence Slotnick....... -- -- 341,667 450,000 1.3 1.2
Steven Baloff(4)........ 3,078,094 -- 15,973 3,095,456 9.2 8.2
Edward Barr............. -- -- 23,612 25,000 * *
Arthur Patterson(5)..... 7,160,464 108,333 -- 7,268,797 21.6 19.3
Kathy Levinson(6)....... 95,543 -- 83,334 178,877 * *
Accel Partners(5)....... 7,160,464 -- -- 7,160,464 21.3 19.0
Advanced Technology
Ventures(4)............ 3,070,456 -- -- 3,070,456 9.1 8.2
MeriTech Capital(7)..... 2,013,423 -- -- 2,013,423 6.0 5.4
R.R. Donnelley & Sons
Company................ 1,272,727 961,308 -- 2,234,035 6.5 5.8
All directors and
executive officers as a
group (13 persons)(8).. 16,817,595 108,333 3,098,002 20,032,226 59.4% 53.1
64
- --------
* Less than 1% of the outstanding shares of common stock.
(1) Excludes shares of common stock subject to a right of repurchase within 60
days of April 4, 2000.
(2) The unvested portion of the shares of common stock is subject to a right of
repurchase, at the original option price, in the event the holder ceases to
provide services to Noosh and its affiliates or upon a change of control of
NOOSH. The option exercise prices range from $0.0325 to $9.50.
(3) Does not include 3,983,500 shares held by the Ben-Shachar Family Generation
Skipping Trust. Mr. Ben-Shachar has no voting or investment power with
respect to the shares and, therefore, does not have beneficial ownership of
the shares.
(4) Includes 2,975,187 shares held by Advanced Technology Ventures V, L.P., and
95,269 shares held by ATV Entrepreneurs V, L.P. Advanced Technology
Ventures is located at 485 Ramona Street, Suite 200, Palo Alto, CA 94301.
Mr. Baloff is a general partner of Advanced Technology Ventures and
disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of his
proportionate partnership interest in these shares.
(5) Includes 744,687 shares held by Accel Internet Fund II L.P., 494,073 shares
held by Accel Investors '98 L.P., 93,086 shares held by Accel Keiretsu VI
L.P. and 5,828,618 shares held by Accel VI L.P. Accel Partners are located
at 428 University Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94303. Mr. Patterson is a general
partner of Accel Partners and disclaims beneficial ownership of these
shares except to the extent of his proportionate partnership interest in
these shares.
(6) Includes 78,877 shares held by Internet Experience, L.P. Internet
Experience is located at 4500 Bohannan Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025. Ms.
Levinson is a general partner and a limited partner of Internet Experience
and disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of
her proportionate partnership interest in these shares.
(7) Includes, 32,215 shares held by MeriTech Capital Affiliates L.P. and
1,981,208 shares held by MeriTech Capital Partners L.P. MeriTech Capital is
located at 428 University Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94303.
(8) Total number of shares includes 10,309,797 shares of common stock held by
entities affiliated with directors and executive officers. See footnotes 4
through 6 above.
65
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Upon completion of this offering, our authorized capital stock will consist
of 75,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, 2,600,000 shares of
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value, and 5,000,000 shares of undesignated
preferred stock, $0.001 par value. The following description of our capital
stock does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its
entirety by, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws,
which we have included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this
prospectus forms a part.
Common Stock and Class B Common Stock
As of April 4, 2000, there were 33,602,173 shares of capital stock
outstanding, held of record by 106 stockholders. These amounts assume the
conversion of all outstanding shares of preferred stock into common stock and
Class B common stock, based on an assumed initial public offering price of
$12.00, which is to occur upon the closing of this offering. In addition, as of
April 4, 2000, there were 4,392,538 shares of common stock subject to
outstanding options. Upon completion of this offering, there will be 37,602,173
shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding, assuming no
additional exercise of outstanding stock options.
Each share of common stock entitles its holder to one vote on all matters to
be voted upon by stockholders. Subject to preferences that may apply to any
outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock may receive ratably any
dividends that the board of directors may declare out of funds legally
available for that purpose. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or
winding up, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all
assets remaining after payment of liabilities and any liquidation preference of
preferred stock that may be outstanding. The common stock has no preemptive
rights, conversion rights or other subscription rights or redemption or sinking
fund provisions. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-
assessable, and the shares of common stock that we will issue upon completion
of this offering will be fully paid and non-assessable.
The rights of holders of Class B common stock will be identical to the rights
of holders of common stock except that the holders of Class B common stock do
not have voting rights. Commencing on the date 90 days after this offering,
twenty-five percent of the outstanding Class B common stock may be converted
into common stock on a one-to-one basis at the option of the holder. In
addition, commencing on the earlier of April 4, 2001, 180 days after this
offering or upon our written consent, the remaining shares of Class B common
stock may be converted into shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis. There
are currently no shares of Class B common stock outstanding.
Preferred Stock
Upon the completion of the offering, each outstanding share of Series A and
Series B preferred stock will automatically convert into two shares of common
stock, each outstanding share of Series C and Series D preferred stock will
automatically convert into one share of common stock and each outstanding share
of Series E preferred stock will convert into the number of shares of Class B
common stock that is equal to $13.00 divided by the lesser of the conversion
price of the Series E preferred stock in effect immediately prior to the
automatic conversion or 85% of the initial public offering price per share.
Assuming an initial public offering price of $12.00 per share, upon completion
of this offering, each share of Series E preferred stock will convert into 1.27
shares of Class B common stock.
According to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board
of directors will have the authority, without further action by the
stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more
series. Our board shall designate the rights, preferences, privileges
66
and restrictions of the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion
rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preference, sinking
fund terms and number of shares constituting any series or the designation of
any series. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of
restricting dividends on the common stock, diluting the voting power of the
common stock, impairing the liquidation rights of the common stock or delaying
or preventing a change in control without further action by the stockholders.
We have no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock after the
completion of this offering.
Warrants
As of April 4, 2000, we had outstanding the following warrants:
. A warrant to purchase 270,000 shares of common stock, of which a total of
140,000 shares is immediately exercisable. Of these 140,000 shares, the
right to purchase 35,000 shares will terminate upon the closing of this
offering. An additional 35,000 shares are exercisable on December 31, 2000
or earlier if stated volume targets for business conducted over our service
are met. The remaining portion of the warrant becomes exercisable in
increments only upon the holder meeting stated volume targets. The exercise
price for the warrant ranges from $7.45 per share to the fair market value
of our common stock on the date the volume targets are met. This warrant
expires in December 2002.
. A warrant to purchase 225,000 shares of common stock, of which a total of
75,000 shares is immediately exercisable. The remaining portion of the
warrant becomes exercisable in increments upon the holder meeting stated
volume targets. The exercise price for the warrant ranges from $11.00 per
share to the fair market value of our common stock at the end of the
calendar quarter that the stated volume target is met. This warrant expires
in December 2002.
. Two warrants to purchase a total of 2,780,158 shares of common stock at an
exercise price of $11.00 per share. A portion of the warrants, for a total
of 961,308 shares of common stock, is immediately exercisable. The remaining
portions of the warrants become exercisable in increments upon the holder
meeting stated volume targets. These warrants expire in January 2003.
. A warrant to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of
$11.00. The entire warrant becomes exercisable upon the holder meeting
stated volume requirements. This warrant expires in January 2003.
. A warrant to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock. The warrant becomes
exercisable in increments one year from the date of grant and only to the
extent the holder meets stated volume targets. The exercise price for the
warrant ranges from the initial public offering price per share to the fair
market value of our common stock as of the end of the calendar quarter
during which the stated volume targets are met. This warrant expires in
February 2003.
. A warrant to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock. The entire warrant
becomes exercisable one year from the date of grant and only if the holder
meets a target for the conduct of business over our service. The exercise
price will be the initial public offering price per share. This warrant
expires in February 2003.
. A warrant to purchase 958,400 shares of capital stock at an initial exercise
price of $13.00 per share. A portion of the warrant, for a total of 432,000
shares of capital stock, is immediately exercisable. The remaining portion
of the warrant becomes exercisable in increments upon the holder meeting
stated targets. Initially, the warrant is exercisable for Class B common
stock. At the option of the holder, on the date 90 days after this offering,
a portion of the warrant will become exercisable for common stock. In
addition, on the earlier of April 4, 2001 or the date 180 days after this
offering, the remainder of the warrant will become exercisable for common
stock. This warrant expires in April 2004.
67
Each of the warrants contains provisions for the adjustment of the exercise
prices and the aggregate number of shares that may be issued upon exercise of
the warrants in the event of a stock split, stock dividend, reorganization,
reclassification or consolidation. In addition, the warrant that is initially
exercisable for Class B common stock provides that the exercise price will
adjust upon the closing of this offering to a price equal to the lesser of
$13.00 or the conversion price of the Series E preferred stock in effect
immediately prior to its automatic conversion into Class B common stock upon
completion of this offering. In addition, each warrant allows for cashless
exercise.
Registration Rights
The holders of 21,989,137 shares of the common stock currently outstanding or
issued or issuable upon conversion of the preferred stock and Class B common
stock, R.R. Donnelley, with respect to 2,780,158 shares of common stock
issuable upon conversion of the warrants issued to it, and GE Capital Equity
Investments, with respect to 958,400 shares of common stock issuable upon
conversion of the Class B common stock issuable upon conversion of the warrant
issued to it, are entitled to require us to register the sales of their shares
under the Securities Act, under the terms of an agreement between us and the
holders of these securities. Subject to limitations specified in the agreement,
these registration rights include the following:
. two demand registration rights that holders may exercise no sooner than 180
days after our initial public offering, which require us to register the
sale of a holder's shares, subject to the discretion of our board of
directors to delay the registration;
. an unlimited number of registration rights that require us to register sales
of a holder's shares when we undertake a public offering, subject to the
discretion of the managing underwriter of the offering to decrease the
amount that holders may register; and
. an unlimited number of rights to require us to register sales of shares on
Form S-3, a short form of registration statement permitted to be used by
some companies, which holders may exercise if they request registration of
the sale of more than $750,000 of common stock following the time we first
qualify for the use of this form of registration with the Securities and
Exchange Commission.
In addition, the holders of 8,000,000 shares of the common stock that will be
outstanding after this offering are entitled to the same piggyback and Form S-3
registration rights listed above.
We will bear all registration expenses if these registration rights are
exercised, other than underwriting discounts and commissions. These
registration rights terminate as to a holder's shares when that holder may sell
those shares under Rule 144(k) of the Securities Act, which for most parties
means two years after the acquisition of the shares from us.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
Delaware Law
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which
regulates acquisitions of some Delaware corporations. In general, Section 203
prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business
combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years
following the date the person becomes an interested stockholder, unless:
. our board of directors approved the business combination or the transaction
in which the person became an interested stockholder prior to the date the
person attained this status;
. upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an
interested stockholder, the person owned at least 85% of the voting stock of
the corporation outstanding at
68
the time the transaction commenced, excluding shares owned by persons who
are directors and also officers; or
. on or subsequent to the date the person became an interested stockholder,
our board of directors approved the business combination and the
stockholders other than the interested stockholder authorized the
transaction at an annual or special meeting of stockholders.
Section 203 defines a "business combination" to include:
. any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested
stockholder;
. any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition involving the interested
stockholder of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation;
. in general, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the
corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder;
or
. the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans,
advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or
through the corporation.
In general, Section 203 defines an "interested stockholder" as any person
who, together with the person's affiliates and associates, owns, or within
three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did
own, 15% or more of a corporation's voting stock.
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaw Provisions
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, to be
effective upon the closing of this offering, divide our board into three
classes as nearly equal in size as possible, with each class serving a three-
year term. The terms are staggered, so that one-third of the board is to be
elected each year. The classification of our board could have the effect of
making it more difficult than otherwise for a third party to acquire control
of us, because it would typically take more than a year for our stockholders
to elect a majority of our board. In addition, our amended and restated
certificate of incorporation and bylaws will provide that any action required
or permitted to be taken by our stockholders at an annual or special meeting
may be taken only if it is properly brought before the meeting, and may not be
taken by written consent in lieu of a meeting. The bylaws will also provide
that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by our board of
directors, our Chairman of the Board or our Chief Executive Officer. Under our
bylaws, stockholders wishing to propose business to be brought before a
meeting of stockholders will be required to comply with various advance notice
requirements. Finally, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation
and bylaws will not permit stockholders to take any action without a meeting.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock
Transfer & Trust Company. The transfer agent's address is 40 Wall Street, 46th
Floor, New York, New York, 10005.
69
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no market for our common stock. Future
sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could
adversely affect prevailing market prices. Sales of substantial amounts of our
common stock in the public market after any restrictions on sale lapse could
adversely affect the prevailing market price of the common stock and impair our
ability to raise equity capital in the future.
Upon completion of the offering, we will have 37,602,173 outstanding shares
of common stock, outstanding options to purchase 4,392,538 shares of common
stock and outstanding warrants to purchase 4,358,558 shares of common stock and
Class B common stock, assuming no additional option or warrant grants or
exercises after April 4, 2000. We expect that the 4,000,000 shares sold in this
offering, plus any shares issued upon exercise of the underwriters' over-
allotment option, will be freely tradable without restriction under the
Securities Act, unless purchased by our "affiliates" as that term is defined in
Rule 144 under the Securities Act. In general, affiliates include officers,
directors and 10% or greater stockholders.
The remaining 33,602,173 shares outstanding and 8,606,133 shares subject to
outstanding options and warrants are "restricted securities" within the meaning
of Rule 144. Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if the
sale is registered or if it qualifies for an exemption from registration, such
as under Rule 144, 144(k) or 701 promulgated under the Securities Act, which
are summarized below. Sales of restricted securities in the public market, or
the availability of such shares for sale, could adversely affect the market
price of the common stock.
As a result of contractual restrictions described below and the provisions of
Rules 144, 144(k) and 701, the restricted shares will be available for sale in
the public market as follows:
. Beginning 180 days after the effective date, 20,106,997 shares will be
eligible for sale pursuant to Rule 144, Rule 144(k) and Rule 701.
. Beginning in November 2000, the remaining 13,495,176 shares will be eligible
for sale under Rule 144, Rule 144(k) or Rule 701 once they have been held
for the required period of time.
Additionally, of the 4,392,538 shares that may be issued upon the exercise of
outstanding options as of April 4, 2000, approximately 2,416,264 shares will be
vested and eligible for sale beginning 180 days after the effective date. As of
April 4, 2000, warrants for 1,573,308 shares of common stock and Class B common
stock were exercisable and warrants for an additional 2,785,250 shares of
common stock and Class B common stock may become exercisable in the future
based on the holders meeting stated volume targets for business conducted over
our service. If exercised, the earliest that these shares will be eligible for
sale under Rule 144 is December 2000.
Lock-Up Agreements
Our directors, officers, employees and other stockholders, who together hold
all of our securities, have entered into lock-up agreements in connection with
this offering or are locked up under agreements with us. These lock-up
agreements generally provide that these holders will not offer, sell, contract
to sell, grant any option to purchase or otherwise dispose of our common stock
or any securities exercisable for or convertible into our common stock owned by
them for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the
prior written consent of Goldman, Sachs & Co. Notwithstanding possible earlier
eligibility for sale under the provisions of Rules 144, 144(k) and 701, shares
subject to lock-up agreements may not be sold until these agreements expire or
are waived by Goldman, Sachs & Co.
70
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, after the expiration of
the lock-up agreements, a person who has beneficially owned restricted
securities for at least one year would be entitled to sell within any three-
month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:
. one percent of the number of shares of common stock then outstanding, which
will equal approximately 373,910 shares immediately after this offering; and
. the average weekly trading volume of our common stock during the four
calendar weeks preceding the sale.
Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to requirements with respect to manner
of sale, notice and the availability of current public information about us.
Rule 144(k)
Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been our affiliate at
any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially
owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least two years, may sell these
shares without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume
limitation or notice requirements of Rule 144.
Rule 701
Rule 701, as currently in effect, permits our employees, officers, directors
or consultants who purchased shares pursuant to a written compensatory plan or
contract to resell such shares in reliance upon Rule 144, but without
compliance with certain restrictions. Rule 701 provides that affiliates may
sell their Rule 701 shares under Rule 144 90 days after effectiveness without
complying with the holding period requirement and that non-affiliates may sell
such shares in reliance on Rule 144 90 days after effectiveness without
complying with the holding period, public information, volume limitation or
notice requirements of Rule 144.
Registration Rights
On the date 180 days after the completion of this offering, the holders of
29,989,137 shares of our common stock will have rights to require us to
register their shares under the Securities Act. Upon the effectiveness of a
registration statement covering these shares, the shares would become freely
tradable.
Stock Options
We intend to file a registration statement under the Securities Act after the
effective date of this offering to register shares to be issued pursuant to our
employee benefit plans. As a result, any options or rights exercised under the
1998 equity incentive plan, the 2000 equity incentive plan, the 2000 employee
stock purchase plan and the 2000 non-employee directors' stock option plan will
also be freely tradable in the public market. However, shares held by
affiliates will still be subject to the volume limitation, manner of sale,
notice and public information requirements of Rule 144, unless otherwise
resalable under Rule 701. As of April 4, 2000 options to purchase 4,392,538
shares of common stock were outstanding, of which options to purchase 1,111,379
shares were vested and exercisable. In addition, as of that date, we had
reserved 217,412 shares for possible future issuance under our 1998 equity
incentive plan, and an aggregate of 6,950,000 shares for possible future
issuance under our 2000 equity incentive plan, 2000 employee stock purchase
plan and 2000 non-employee directors' stock option plan.
71
UNDERWRITING
NOOSH and the underwriters named below have entered into an underwriting
agreement with respect to the shares being offered. Subject to certain
conditions, each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase the number of
shares indicated in the following table. Goldman, Sachs & Co., FleetBoston
Robertson Stephens Inc., Banc of America Securities LLC, PaineWebber
Incorporated and E*OFFERING Corp. are the representatives of the underwriters.
Number of
Underwriters Shares
------------ ---------
Goldman, Sachs & Co. ..............................................
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc. ...............................
Banc of America Securities LLC.....................................
PaineWebber Incorporated...........................................
E*OFFERING Corp. ..................................................
-----
Total............................................................
=====
If the underwriters sell more shares than the total number set forth in the
table above, the underwriters have an option to buy up to an additional 600,000
shares from NOOSH to cover such sales. They may exercise that option for 30
days. If any shares are purchased pursuant to this option, the underwriters
will severally purchase shares in the same proportion as set forth in the table
above.
The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and
commissions to be paid to the underwriters by NOOSH which are expected to be a
negotiated percentage of the initial public offering price. Such amounts are
shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option
to purchase 600,000 additional shares.
Paid by NOOSH
No Full
Exercise Exercise
-------- --------
Per Share.................................................. $ $
Total...................................................... $ $
Shares sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at
the initial public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus.
Any shares sold by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a
discount of up to $ per share from the initial public offering price. Any
such securities dealers may resell any shares purchased from the underwriters
to certain other brokers or dealers at a discount of up to $ per share from
the initial public offering price. If all the shares are not sold at the
initial public offering price, the representatives may change the offering
price and the other selling terms.
NOOSH and its directors, officers, employees and other stockholders have
agreed with the underwriters, except under limited circumstances, not to offer,
sell, contract to sell, grant any option to purchase or otherwise dispose of
our common stock or any securities exercisable for or convertible into our
common stock owned by them for a period of 180 days after the date of this
prospectus without the prior written consent of Goldman, Sachs & Co. See
"Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for a discussion of transfer restrictions.
72
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the common stock.
The initial public offering price for the common stock has been negotiated
among NOOSH and the representatives of the underwriters. Among the primary
factors considered in determining the initial public offering price of the
shares, in addition to prevailing market conditions, were NOOSH's historical
performance, estimates of NOOSH's business potential and earnings prospects, an
assessment of Noosh's management and the consideration of the above factors in
relation to market valuation of companies in related businesses.
NOOSH has applied to have its common stock listed for quotation on the Nasdaq
National Market under the symbol "NOSH."
In connection with the offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell
shares of common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short
sales, stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover positions created by
short sales. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater
number of shares than they are required to purchase in the offering.
Stabilizing transactions consist of certain bids or purchases made for the
purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common
stock while the offering is in progress.
The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular
underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount
received by it because the representatives have repurchased shares sold by or
for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short-sale covering
transactions.
These activities by the underwriters may stabilize, maintain or otherwise
affect the market price of the common stock. As a result, the price of the
common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the
open market. If these activities are commenced, they may be discontinued by the
underwriters at any time. These transactions may be effected on The Nasdaq
National Market, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
The underwriters do not expect sales to discretionary accounts to exceed five
percent of the total number of shares offered.
The underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial public offering
price, up to 600,000 shares or 15%, of the common stock offered hereby for
print vendors, print buyers, professional service providers, consultants and
other business partners designated by NOOSH who have expressed an interest in
purchasing such shares of common stock in the offering. The number of shares
available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent such
persons purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares not so purchased
will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as
other shares offered hereby. These shares are not subject to lock-up agreements
with the underwriters.
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the web sites
maintained by one or more underwriters or securities dealers. The
representatives of the underwriters may agree to allocate a number of shares to
underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet
distribution will be allocated by the representatives to underwriters that may
make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations. In
addition, shares may be sold by the underwriters to securities dealers who
resell shares to online brokerage account holders.
NOOSH estimates that the total expenses of the offering, excluding
underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $1,200,000. These
expenses include approximately $22,000 for the SEC and NASD filing fees,
$95,000 for the Nasdaq National Market application fee, $20,000 for blue sky
expenses, $250,000 for printing, $750,000 for legal and accounting fees and
expenses, and $15,000 for transfer agent fees.
NOOSH has agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.
73
VALIDITY OF COMMON STOCK
The validity of the common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for NOOSH
by Cooley Godward LLP, Palo Alto, California and for the underwriters by
Sullivan & Cromwell, Los Angeles, California. As of the date of this
prospectus, Cooley Godward LLP, together with certain investment funds
affiliated with the firm, own an aggregate of 120,834 shares of our common
stock.
EXPERTS
The financial statements as of December 31, 1998 and 1999 included in this
prospectus have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent
accountants, as stated in their report appearing herein, and have been so
included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as
experts in accounting and auditing.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration
statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the common stock
offered in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the
information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and
schedule thereto. For further information with respect to us and the common
stock offered in this offering, we refer you to the registration statement and
to the attached exhibits and schedules. Statements made in this prospectus
concerning the contents of any document referred to in this prospectus are not
necessarily complete. With respect to each such document filed as an exhibit to
the registration statement, we refer you to the exhibit for a more complete
description of the matter involved.
The reports and other information we file with the SEC can be inspected and
copied at the public reference facilities that the SEC maintains at Room 1024,
450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the SEC's regional
offices located at 7 World Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10048,
and Suite 140, Citicorp Center, 50 West Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois
60661. Copies of these materials can be obtained at prescribed rates from the
Public Reference Section of the SEC at the principal offices of the SEC, 450
Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information
regarding the operation of the public reference room by calling 1(800) SEC-
0330. The SEC also maintains a web site (http://www.sec.gov) that makes
available the reports and other information we have filed with the SEC.
74
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
----
Report of Independent Accountants........................................ F-2
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1998 and 1999 and March 31, 2000
(unaudited)............................................................. F-3
Statements of Operations for the period from inception to December 31,
1998, Year ended December 31, 1999, and the period from inception to
December 31, 1999, the three month period ended March 31, 1999
(unaudited) and 2000 (unaudited), and the period from inception to March
31, 2000 (unaudited).................................................... F-4
Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the period from inception to March
31, 2000 (unaudited).................................................... F-5
Statements of Cash Flows for the period from inception to December 31,
1998, Year ended December 31, 1999, and the period from inception to
December 31, 1999, the three month period ended March 31, 1999
(unaudited) and 2000 (unaudited), and the period from inception to March
31, 2000 (unaudited).................................................... F-7
Notes to Financial Statements............................................ F-8
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and stockholders of
NOOSH, Inc.
In our opinion, the accompanying balance sheets and the related statements of
operations, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flow present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of NOOSH, Inc. (a company in the
development stage) at December 31, 1998 and 1999 and the results of its
operations and cash flows for the period from August 3, 1998 (date of
inception) to December 31, 1998 and the year ended December 31, 1999, in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management;
our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with
generally accepted auditing standards in the United States which require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for the opinion expressed above.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
January 21, 2000
F-2
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
Pro Forma at
December 31, December 31, March 31, March 31,
1998 1999 2000 2000
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------
(Unaudited) (Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents.. $1,117 $ 48,349 $ 48,917 $ 58,917
Prepaid expenses and other
current assets............ 26 947 2,194
------ -------- --------
Total current assets..... 1,143 49,296 51,111
Property and equipment,
net........................ 69 3,339 4,640
Other assets................ 27 394 576
------ -------- --------
Total assets............. $1,239 $ 53,029 $ 56,327
====== ======== ========
LIABILITIES AND
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable........... $ 109 $ 634 $ 463
Accrued liabilities........ 132 1,424 1,572
------ -------- --------
Total current
liabilities............. 241 2,058 2,035
Long-term debt.............. -- 79 79
------ -------- --------
Total liabilities........ 241 2,137 2,114
------ -------- --------
Commitments (Note 4)
Stockholders' equity:
Convertible Preferred
Stock: $0.001 par value;
Series A, Authorized:
2,023,077 shares
Issued and outstanding:
2,023,077 shares at
December 31, 1998,
December 31, 1999 and
March 31, 2000
(unaudited)............... 2 2 2 --
Series B, Authorized:
4,363,637 shares
Issued and outstanding:
4,363,637 shares at
December 31, 1999 and
March 31, 2000
(unaudited)............... -- 4 4 --
Series C, Authorized:
6,809,135 shares
Issued and outstanding:
6,809,135 shares at
December 31, 1999 and
March 31, 2000
(unaudited)............... -- 7 7 --
Series D, Authorized:
2,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding:
1,418,182 shares at March
31, 2000 (unaudited)...... -- -- 1 --
Common Stock: $0.001 par
value; Authorized:
45,000,000 shares actual;
Issued and outstanding:
8,040,000, 9,414,673 and
11,581,078 at
December 31,1998,
December 31, 1999 and
March 31, 2000
(unaudited) shares actual
and 33,562,215 shares pro
forma..................... 8 9 11 32
Additional paid-in
capital................... 1,431 84,525 121,036 131,029
Deferred stock
compensation.............. (129) (15,379) (25,171) (25,171)
Notes receivable from
common stockholders....... -- (314) (3,041) (3,041)
Deficit accumulated during
the development stage..... (314) (17,962) (38,636) (38,636)
------ -------- -------- --------
Total Stockholders'
equity.................. 998 50,892 54,213 $ 64,213
------ -------- -------- ========
Total liabilities and
Stockholders' equity.. $1,239 $ 53,029 $ 56,327
====== ======== ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-3
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Period from Period from
August 3, August 3,
1998 (date 1998 (date Period from
of of August 3,
inception) inception) Three Months Ended 1998 (date of
to Year Ended to March 31, inception) to
December 31, December 31, December 31, ------------------------ March 31,
1998 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
------------ ------------ ------------ ----------- ----------- -------------
(Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited)
Revenue................. $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 68 $ 68
Cost of revenue......... -- -- -- -- 141 141
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Gross profit............ -- -- -- -- (73) (73)
Operating expenses:
Research and
development
(exclusive of non-
cash compensation
expense of $771, $17
(unaudited) and $718
(unaudited) in the
year ended
December 31, 1999,
and the three months
periods ended
March 31, 1999 and
2000, respectively,
reported below)....... 111 3,053 3,164 273 2,039 5,203
Sales and marketing
(exclusive of non-
cash compensation
expenses of $984, $18
(unaudited) and
$2,266 (unaudited) in
the year ended
December 31, 1999,
and the three months
periods ended
March 31, 1999 and
2000, respectively
and value of warrants
granted of $1,468 and
$3,914 (unaudited) in
the year ended
December 31, 1999,
and the three months
period ended
March 31, 2000,
respectively reported
below)................ 96 9,412 9,508 300 9,979 19,487
Value of warrants
granted in connection
with marketing
agreements............ -- 1,468 1,468 -- 3,914 5,382
General and
administrative
(exclusive of non-
cash compensation
expense of $813, $1
(unaudited) and
$1,289 (unaudited) in
the year ended
December 31, 1999,
and the three months
periods ended
March 31, 1999 and
2000, respectively,
reported below) ...... 107 1,795 1,902 128 1,197 3,099
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation.......... -- 2,568 2,568 36 4,273 6,841
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Total operating
expenses............ 314 18,296 18,610 737 21,402 40,012
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Loss from operations.... (314) (18,296) (18,610) (737) (21,475) (40,085)
Interest income, net.... -- 648 648 4 801 1,449
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Net loss................ $ (314) $ (17,648) $ (17,962) $ (733) $ (20,674) (38,636)
========== ========== ========== ========== ========== =========
Net loss per share--
basic and diluted...... $ (0.12) $ (4.13) $ (4.77) $ (0.22) $ (3.91) $(7.76)
========== ========== ========== ========== ========== =========
Shares used in per share
calculation--basic and
diluted................ 2,521,485 4,275,090 3,763,399 3,405,069 5,292,410 4,978,794
========== ========== ========== ========== ========== =========
Pro forma net loss per
share--basic and
diluted................ $ (1.15) $ (0.79)
========== ==========
Shares used in pro forma
net loss per share--
basic and diluted...... 15,356,918 26,025,280
========== ==========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-4
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands, except share data)
Deficit
Convertible Notes Accumulated
Preferred Shares Common Stock Additional Receivable Deferred During the Total
----------------- ---------------- Paid-In from Common Stock Development Stockholders'
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Shareholders Compensation Stage Equity
---------- ------ --------- ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ----------- -------------
Issuance of common
stock to founders in
August 1998 at
$0.00125 per share,
net................. -- $ -- 8,040,000 $ 8 $ 1 $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 9
Issuance of Series A
Convertible
Preferred Stock at
$0.65 per share in
November 1998, net
of issuance costs... 2,023,077 2 -- -- 1,301 -- -- -- 1,303
Deferred stock
compensation........ -- -- -- -- 129 -- (129) -- --
Net loss............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (314) (314)
---------- ---- --------- --- ------ ----- ------- ------- --------
Balances at December
31, 1998............ 2,023,077 2 8,040,000 8 1,431 -- (129) (314) 998
Issuance of common
stock............... -- -- 1,200,220 1 497 (314) -- -- 184
Issuance of common
stock in connection
with services
rendered............ -- -- 174,453 -- 700 -- -- -- 700
Issuance of Series B
Convertible
Preferred Stock at
$2.75 per share in
April 1999, net of
issuance costs...... 4,363,637 4 -- -- 11,955 -- -- -- 11,959
Issuance of Series C
Convertible
Preferred Stock at
$7.45 per share in
November 1999, net
of issuance costs... 6,809,135 7 -- -- 50,656 -- -- -- 50,663
Value of warrants
granted in
connection with
marketing
agreements.......... -- -- -- -- 1,468 -- -- -- 1,468
Deferred stock
compensation........ -- -- -- -- 17,818 -- (17,818) -- --
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation........ -- -- -- -- -- -- 2,568 -- 2,568
Net loss............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (17,648) (17,648)
---------- ---- --------- --- ------ ----- ------- ------- --------
Balances at December
31, 1999............ 13,195,849 13 9,414,673 9 84,525 (314) (15,379) (17,962) 50,892
F-5
Deficit
Convertible Notes Accumulated
Preferred Shares Common Stock Additional Receivable Deferred During the Total
----------------- ----------------- Paid-In from Common Stock Development Stockholders'
Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Shareholders Compensation Stage Equity
---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ----------- -------------
Issuance of common
stock............... -- -- 2,146,519 2 2,740 (2,727) -- -- 15
Issuance of common
stock in connection
with services
rendered............ -- -- 19,886 -- 219 -- -- -- 219
Value of warrants
granted in
connection with
marketing
agreements.......... -- -- -- -- 3,914 -- -- -- 3,914
Issuance of Series D
Convertible
Preferred Stock at
$11.00 per share in
January 2000, net of
issuance costs...... 1,418,182 1 -- -- 15,573 -- -- -- 15,574
Deferred stock
compensation........ -- -- -- -- 14,065 -- (14,065) -- --
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation........ -- -- -- -- -- -- 4,273 -- 4,273
Net loss............ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (20,674) (20,674)
---------- --- ---------- --- -------- ------- -------- -------- -------
Balances at March
31, 2000
(unaudited)......... 14,614,031 $14 11,581,078 $11 $121,036 $(3,041) $(25,171) $(38,636) $54,213
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-6
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Period from August Period from Period from
3, 1998 August 3, 1998 Three Months August 3, 1998
(date of inception) Year Ended (date of inception) Ended March 31, (date of inception)
to December 31, December 31, to December 31, ----------------------- to March 31,
1998 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000
------------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------- ----------- -------------------
(Unaudited) (Unaudited) (Unaudited)
Cash flows from
operating activities:
Net loss.............. $ (314) $(17,648) $(17,962) $ (733) $(20,674) $(38,636)
Adjustments to
reconcile net loss to
net cash used in
operating activities:
Depreciation and
amortization......... 3 455 458 12 404 862
Value of warrants
granted in connection
with marketing
agreements........... -- 1,468 1,468 -- 3,914 5,382
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation......... -- 2,568 2,568 36 4,273 6,841
Issuance of common
stock in connection
with services
rendered............. -- 667 667 -- 219 886
Changes in assets and
liabilities: --
Prepaid expenses and
other current
assets.............. (26) (921) (947) (17) (1,247) (2,194)
Accounts payable..... 109 525 634 60 (171) 463
Accrued liabilities.. 132 1,292 1,424 (64) 148 1,572
Other long-term
assets.............. (27) (367) (394) (23) (182) (576)
------ -------- -------- ------ -------- --------
Net cash used in
operating
activities......... (123) (11,961) (12,084) (729) (13,316) (25,400)
------ -------- -------- ------ -------- --------
Cash flows from
investing activities:
Purchase of property
and equipment........ (72) (3,725) (3,797) (133) (1,705) (5,502)
------ -------- -------- ------ -------- --------
Cash flows from
financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance
of Convertible
Preferred Stock net.. 1,303 62,622 63,925 -- 15,574 79,499
Proceeds from issuance
of Common Stock,
net.................. 9 184 193 -- 15 208
Proceeds from issuance
of Common Stock in
connection with
services rendered.... -- 33 33 -- -- 33
Proceeds from long-
term debt............ -- 79 79 -- -- 79
------ -------- -------- ------ -------- --------
Net cash provided by
financing
activities......... 1,312 62,918 64,230 -- 15,589 79,819
------ -------- -------- ------ -------- --------
Net increase
(decreased) in cash
and cash equivalents.. 1,117 47,232 48,349 (862) 568 48,917
Cash and cash
equivalents at
beginning of period... -- 1,117 -- 1,117 48,349 --
------ -------- -------- ------ -------- --------
Cash and cash
equivalents at end of
period................ $1,117 $ 48,349 $ 48,349 $ 255 $ 48,917 $ 48,917
====== ======== ======== ====== ======== ========
Noncash activities:
Deferred stock
compensation......... $ 129 $ 17,818 $ 17,947 $ 218 $ 14,065 $ 32,012
====== ======== ======== ====== ======== ========
Issuance of Common
Stock for notes
receivable from
shareholder.......... $ -- $ 314 $ 314 $ -- $ 2,727 $ 3,041
====== ======== ======== ====== ======== ========
Value of warrants
granted in connection
with marketing
agreements............ $ -- $ 1,468 $ 1,468 $ -- $ 3,914 $ 5,382
====== ======== ======== ====== ======== ========
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-7
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
NOTE 1--THE COMPANY AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
NOOSH, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in the state of California and
commenced operations on August 3, 1998. NOOSH is a provider of business-to-
business e-commerce solutions for the printing industry. The Company has
developed and operates noosh.com, an Internet-based communication and
collaboration service for managing the design, procurement and production of
print orders. The service leverages the benefits of the Internet to enable
print buyers, print vendors and other providers of related services to
communicate and collaborate efficiently through the complex, multi-step process
of completing a print order. The Company is in the development stage and since
inception has devoted substantially all of its efforts to developing its
service and raising capital.
Unaudited interim financial information
The accompanying financial statements for the three month periods ended March
31, 1999 and 2000, together with the related notes, are unaudited but include
all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments which, in the
opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation, in all material
respects, of the operating results and cash flows for the period presented.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and
the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original
maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents and are stated at
amounts that approximate fair value, based on quoted market prices. Cash
equivalents consist primarily of deposits in money market funds.
Concentration of credit risk
The Company's cash and cash equivalents are maintained at a major U.S.
financial institution. Deposits in this institution may exceed the amount of
insurance provided on such deposits.
Fair value of financial instruments
The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, including cash
and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair
value due to their short maturities.
F-8
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
Property and equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated on a straight-
line basis over their estimated useful lives of three to five years. Leasehold
improvements are amortized over the lesser of the useful life of the asset or
the period of the lease. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as
incurred.
Revenue recognition
Revenue consist of transaction fees from print vendors and is recognized upon
completion of the associated print project.
Research and development
Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 86, "Accounting for
the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed,"
requires that certain software development costs be capitalized after
technological feasibility has been established. The Company defines
technological feasibility as the establishment of a working model. Costs
incurred subsequent to such point have been insignificant and have been
expensed.
Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method whereby
deferred tax asset or liability account balances are calculated at the balance
sheet date using current tax laws and rates in effect for the year in which the
differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are
established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts
expected to be realized.
Advertising
The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising
expense for the period from August 3, 1998 to December 31, 1998 and the year
ended December 31, 1999 was $0 and $272,000.
Accounting for stock compensation
The Company's stock-based compensation plan are accounted for in accordance
with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 ("APB No. 25"), "Accounting for
Stock Issued to Employees" and complies with the disclosure provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123 ("SFAS No. 123"), "Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation." Under APB No. 25, compensation expense is based
on the difference, if any, on the date of the grant, between the estimated fair
value of the Company's stock and the exercise price of options to purchase that
stock.
Comprehensive income
The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130,
"Reporting Comprehensive Income" ("SFAS No. 130"). SFAS No. 130 requires that
all items recognized under
F-9
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in an
annual financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other
annual financial statements. The Company has no comprehensive income component
other than net loss.
Net loss per share
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common
stockholders by the weighted average number of vested common shares outstanding
for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed giving effect to all
dilutive potential common stock, including options, non vested common stock,
preferred stock and common stock warrants. Options, non vested common stock,
preferred stock and common stock warrants were not included in the computation
of diluted net loss per share in the periods reported because the effect would
be antidilutive.
Antidilutive securities not included in net loss per share calculation for
the periods:
Period from Period from Period from
August 3, August 3, August 3,
1998 1998 (date 1998
(date of of (date of
inception) inception) Three Months Ended inception)
to Year Ended to March 31, to
December 31, December 31, December 31, ----------------------- March 31,
1998 1999 2000 1999 2000 2000
------------ ------------ ------------ ----------- ----------- -----------
(unaudited) (unaudited) (unaudited)
Non vested common
stock.................. 4,814,804 4,109,338 4,109,338 4,592,576 6,502,326 6,502,326
Common stock options.... 496,720 4,521,490 4,521,490 1,446,720 5,734,365 5,734,365
Convertible Preferred
Stock.................. 2,023,077 13,195,849 13,195,849 2,023,077 14,614,031 14,614,031
Common stock warrants... -- 215,000 215,000 -- 1,176,309 1,176,309
--------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
7,334,601 22,041,677 22,041,677 8,062,373 28,027,031 28,027,031
========= ========== ========== ========= ========== ==========
Pro forma net loss per share (unaudited)
Pro forma net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 1999 and the
three months ended March 31, 2000 is computed using the weighted average number
of common stock outstanding, including the pro forma effects of the automatic
conversion of the Company's Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D
convertible preferred stock into shares of the Company's common stock upon the
closing of the Company's initial public offering (see Note 8--Subsequent
Events) as if such conversion occurred on January 1, 1999, or at the date of
original issuance, if later. Pro forma common equivalent shares, composed of
unvested restricted common stock and incremental common shares issuable upon
the exercise of stock options, are not included in pro forma diluted net loss
per share because they would be anti-dilutive.
Pro forma balance sheet (unaudited)
Upon the closing of the Company's initial public offering, it is contemplated
that the outstanding shares of Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D
convertible preferred stock will convert into 21,000,745 shares of common stock
(see Note 8--Subsequent Events). The pro forma column
F-10
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
reflects the receipt of net proceeds of $10.0 million upon the issuance and
sale of 769,231 shares of Series E preferred stock in April 2000 and the effect
of the conversion of Series A, Series B, Series C, Series D and Series E into
common stock.
Recent accounting pronouncement
In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities," which establishes accounting and reporting
standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities and will be adopted
in the year 2000. It requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as
either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and measure those instruments
at fair value. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS 133 to have a
material impact on its financial statements.
In March 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued
Statement of Position ("SOP") No. 98-1, "Software for Internal Use," which
provides guidance on accounting for the cost of computer software developed or
obtained for internal use. SOP No. 98-1 is effective for financial statements
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998. The adoption of this SOP
did not have any significant effect on the Company's financial statements.
In December, 1999, SAB 101 was issued which summarizes the SEC's views in
applying generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition in
financial statements. SAB 101 is effective in the second quarter of 2000. The
Company does not expect SAB 101 to have a material effect on its financial
position, results of operation or cash flow.
In March 2000, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Interpretation
No. 44, "Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation--an
interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25" ("FIN 44"). This Interpretation clarifies
the definition of employee for purposes of applying Accounting Practice Board
Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25"), the
criteria for determining whether a plan qualifies as a noncompensatory plan,
the accounting consequence of various modifications to the terms of a
previously fixed stock option or award, and the accounting for an exchange of
stock compensation awards in a business combination. This Interpretation is
effective July 1, 2000, but certain conclusions in this Interpretation cover
specific events that occur after either December 15, 1998, or January 12, 2000.
The Company expects the adoption of FIN 44 will not have a material effect on
its financial statements.
NOTE 2--PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT:
Property and equipment comprise (in thousands):
December
31,
------------ March 31,
1998 1999 2000
---- ------ -----------
(Unaudited)
Computer equipment................................... $31 $3,024 $4,457
Communication equipment.............................. 11 63 63
Leasehold improvements............................... -- 69 69
Furniture and fixtures............................... 30 641 913
--- ------ ------
72 3,797 5,502
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization...... (3) (458) (862)
--- ------ ------
$69 $3,339 $4,640
=== ====== ======
F-11
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
NOTE 3--INCOME TAXES:
Deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
-------------
1998 1999
----- ------
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards............................... $ 24 $5,231
Accrued employee benefits...................................... 14 52
Start-up costs................................................. 95 --
Other.......................................................... 5 (35)
----- ------
Total deferred tax assets.................................... 138 5,248
Valuation allowance.............................................. (138) (5,248)
----- ------
$ -- $ --
===== ======
At December 31, 1998 and 1999, the Company had approximately $150,000 and
$13,132,000 of California and federal net operating loss carryforwards which
expire between 2005 to 2019, if not utilized beforehand. Under the Tax Reform
Act of 1986, the amounts of and benefits from net operating loss carryforwards
may be impaired or limited in certain circumstances. Events which cause
limitations in the amount of net operating losses that the Company may utilize
in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change
of more than 50%, as defined, in any three year period.
Due to uncertainty of realizing the benefits of the deferred tax assets, the
Company has provided a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets.
The difference between the Company's effective income tax rate and the
federal statutory rate is as follows (in thousands):
Period from Period from
August 13, August 13,
1998 (date of 1998 (date of
inception) to Year Ended inception) to
December 31, December 31, December 31,
1998 1999 2000
------------- ------------ -------------
Statutory tax benefit................ $(110) $(6,177) $(6,287)
Permanent differences--non-deductible
expenses............................ -- 1,674 1,674
State taxes, net of federal tax
benefit............................. (18) (995) (1,013)
Change in valuation allowance........ 138 5,110 5,248
Other................................ (10) 388 378
----- ------- -------
Net tax provision.................... $ -- $ -- $ --
===== ======= =======
NOTE 4--COMMITMENTS:
Operating lease
The Company leases its facilities under non-cancelable operating lease
agreements expiring through October 2002. Under the terms of the lease, the
Company is responsible for paying common
F-12
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
area expenses, as incurred by the lessor. Future minimum lease payments under
the non-cancelable lease as of December 31, 1999 were as follows (in
thousands):
Year Ending
December 31,
------------
2000............................................................ $1,679
2001............................................................ 606
2002............................................................ 102
------
Total......................................................... $2,387
======
Rent expense under the operating lease totaled $19,000, $616,000 and $610,000
for the period ending December 31, 1998, the year ended December 31, 1999 and
the three months period ended March 31, 2000.
NOTE 5--STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Convertible Preferred Stock
The convertible preferred stock at December 31, 1999 comprises:
Number of
Number of Shares Liquidation
Shares Issued and Value
Authorized Outstanding Per Share
---------- ----------- -----------
Series A..................................... 2,023,077 2,023,077 $ 0.65
Series B..................................... 4,363,637 4,363,637 $ 2.75
Series C..................................... 6,809,135 6,809,135 $ 7.45
Series D..................................... 2,000,000 1,418,182 $11.00
---------- ----------
15,195,849 14,614,031
========== ==========
The rights, preferences and privileges with respect to the Preferred Stock
are as follows:
Dividends
Holders of Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D Preferred Stock, in
preference to the holders of Common Stock of the Corporation, shall be entitled
to receive, when and as declared by the Board of Directors, but only out of
funds that are legally available therefor, cash dividends at the rate of eight
percent (8%) of the "Original Issue Price" per annum on each outstanding share
of Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D Preferred Stock (as adjusted for
any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with
respect to such shares). Such dividends shall be payable only when, as and if
declared by the Board of Directors and shall be non-cumulative. No dividends
have been declared as of March 31, 2000.
Liquidation preference
Upon any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Corporation,
including a merger, acquisition or sale of assets where the beneficial owners
of the Company's Common Stock and convertible preferred stock own less than 50%
of the resulting voting power of the surviving entity,
F-13
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
whether voluntary or involuntary, before any distribution or payment shall be
made to the holders of any Common Stock, the holders of Series A, Series B,
Series C and Series D Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive an amount
per share equal to the Original Issue Price of $0.65, $2.75, $7.45 and $11.00
plus all declared and unpaid dividends. In the event funds are insufficient to
make a complete distribution to holders of Preferred Stock as described above,
the remaining assets will be distributed to the holders of Common Stock ratably
among such holders of Common Stock.
Voting rights
The holders of Preferred Stock have one vote for each share of Common Stock
into which such Preferred Stock may be converted.
Conversion
Each share of Preferred Stock is convertible at any time into shares of
Common Stock at the option of the holder, subject to adjustment for dilution.
Such conversion is automatic upon the earlier of the date specified by vote,
written consent or agreement of a majority of the holders of such series then
outstanding or immediately upon the closing date of a public offering of the
Company's Common Stock for which the aggregate net proceeds exceed $10,000,000.
The conversion ratio as of December 31, 1998 and 1999 and March 31, 2000 is 2:1
for Series A and B Preferred Stock after giving retroactive effect to the stock
split effected in 1999. The conversion ratios as of December 31, 1999, and
March 31, 2000 is 1:1 for Series C and Series D Preferred Stock. The conversion
ratio of Series A, B, C and D Preferred Stock may be adjusted under
circumstances described in the Company's Restated Articles of Incorporation.
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 45,000,000 shares of Common Stock as of
March 31, 2000. A portion of the outstanding shares of common stock are subject
to repurchase by the Company over a four year period. As of December 31, 1998
and 1999 and March 31, 2000, there were 4,814,804, 4,109,338 and 6,502,326
shares of nonvested stock issued pursuant to a stock purchase agreement with
the Company's founder and stock issued under early exercises of options all of
which were subject to repurchase by the Company. The repurchase rights with
respect to the Company's agreement with the founder lapse over 36 months and
the repurchase rights with respect to the early exercises of options lapse over
the original vesting period of the options.
Incentive stock plan
In November 1998, the Company adopted the 1998 Stock Option Plan (the "Plan")
under which the Company may grant stock options for Common Stock to employees,
consultants and outside investors. The Board of Directors has the authority to
determine to whom options will be granted, the number of shares, the term and
exercise price (which cannot be less than fair market value at date of grant
for incentive stock options). If an employee owns stock representing more than
10% of the outstanding shares, the price of each share shall be at least 110%
of fair market value, as determined by the Board of Directors. Options granted
generally vest over four years. The Company has reserved 8,000,000 shares of
Common Stock for issuance under the Plan.
F-14
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
A summary of activity under the Plan is as follows:
Number of Weighted
Number of Shares Average
Shares Issued and Exercise Aggregate
Authorized Outstanding Price Price
---------- ----------- -------- -----------
Shares reserved................. 1,980,000 -- -- $ --
Options granted................. (496,720) 496,720 $0.0325 16,143
---------- ---------- -----------
Balances, December 31, 1998..... 1,483,280 496,720 $0.0325 16,143
Shares reserved................. 6,020,000 -- --
Options granted................. (5,294,990) 5,294,990 $0.6278 3,324,195
Options exercised............... (1,200,220) $0.4149 (497,971)
Options cancelled............... 70,000 (70,000) $0.0325 (2,275)
---------- ---------- -----------
Balances, December 31, 1999..... 2,278,290 4,521,490 $0.6281 $ 2,840,092
Options granted................. (2,062,125) 2,062,125 $ 4.38 9,032,108
Options exercised............... (2,146,519) $ 1.28 (2,741,608)
Options cancelled............... 39,600 (39,600) $ 1.81 (71,662)
---------- ---------- -----------
255,765 4,397,496 $ 2.06 $ 9,058,930
========== ========== ===========
For financial reporting purposes, the Company has determined that the
estimated value of common stock, based on the expected price per share of the
common stock in the company's initial public offering, was in excess of the
exercise price, which was considered to be the fair market value as of the date
of grant for 496,720 options issued in 1998 and 5,294,990 options issued in the
year ended December 31, 1999 and 2,062,125 options issued in the quarter ended
March 31, 2000. In connection with the grants of such options, the Company has
recorded deferred compensation of $129,000 in the period from August 3, 1998 to
December 31, 1998 and $17,818,000 during the year ended December 31, 1999 and
$14,065,000 during the quarter ended March 31, 2000. Deferred stock
compensation will be amortized over the vesting period which is generally 48
months from the date of grant; $2,568,000 was expensed in the year ended
December 31, 1999. Future amortization based on options granted through March
31, 2000 is expected to be $12,934,000, $7,696,000, $3,553,000, $980,000 and
$8,000 in the nine month period ending December 31, 2000, and the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004.
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at
December 31, 1999:
Options Outstanding Options
------------------------------------------- Currently
Exercisable
Weighted Average Weighted -----------
Number Remaining Average Number
Range of Exercise Price Outstanding Contractual Life Exercise Price Outstanding
- ----------------------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- -----------
$ 0.0325................ 837,500 9.13 $0.0325 51,041
$ 0.1375................ 1,477,980 9.44 $0.1375 66,666
$ 0.5000................ 258,000 9.63 $0.5000 --
$ 0.8000................ 447,750 9.71 $0.8000 --
$ 1.0000................ 625,850 9.77 $1.0000 --
$1.250 - $1.750......... 555,960 9.87 $1.4728 2,500
$2.000 - $2.250......... 318,450 9.98 $2.1288 6,250
--------- -------
4,521,490 126,457
========= =======
F-15
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
Fair value disclosures
The Company has adopted the disclosure-only provisions of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-based
Compensation." Had compensation cost for the plan been determined based on the
fair value at grant date for all awards consistent with the provisions of SFAS
No. 123, the impact on the Company's financial statements would be as follows:
Period from
August 13, Period from
1998 (date August 13,
of 1998 (date
inception) of
to Year Ended inception)
December 31, December 31, to December
1998 1999 31, 1999
------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss:
As reported......................... $(314,000) $(17,648,000) $(17,962,000)
Pro forma........................... $(314,000) $(17,489,000) $(17,803,000)
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
As reported......................... $ (0.12) $ (4.13) $ (4.77)
Pro forma........................... $ (0.12) $ (4.09) $ (4.73)
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using
the minimum value method with the following weighted average assumptions:
1998 1999
------- -------
Risk-free interest rate....................................... 4.38% 5.35%
Expected life................................................. 4 years 4 years
Expected dividends............................................ $ -- $ --
The weighted average per share fair value of common stock options granted
during 1998 and 1999 was $0.02 and $3.55.
Options granted to consultants are valued using the Black-Scholes method and
this value is charged against income over the vesting period of the options.
Warrants
In connection with long-term marketing agreements entered into in December
1999, the Company issued two warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 495,000
shares of common stock. A total of 140,000 shares subject to one of the
warrants was immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $7.45 of which a
portion of the warrant to purchase 35,000 shares will expire upon the closing
of this Initial Public Offering. and a total of 75,000 shares subject to the
other warrant was immediately exercisable at an exercise price of $11.00. An
additional 35,000 shares subject to the first warrant will become exercisable
on December 31, 2000 or earlier if certain volume targets are met. The
remaining portions of the warrants will be exercisable when the holders meet
stated volume targets for business conducted over the noosh.com service at
exercise prices ranging from $7.45 per share to the fair market value of the
common stock at the date the volume targets are met.
The Company valued the portions of the warrants which have no performance
requirements associated with their exercise on the date of issuance using the
Black-Scholes method with the
F-16
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
following assumptions: dividend yield at 0%; expected warrant term of 3 years;
risk free interest rate of 6.29% and expected volatility of 60%. The fair value
of those portions was $1,468,000. The remaining warrants will be valued and
charged to expense when it is probable that the performance targets will be
met.
In connection with a print buyer agreement entered into in January 2000, the
Company has issued warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,780,159 shares
of common stock at an exercise price of $11.00 per share, of which warrants to
purchase 961,309 shares were immediately exercisable and the remaining warrants
will be exercisable in the future based on the holder meeting stated volume
targets for business conducted over the noosh.com service. The fair value of
portion of the warrants which was immediately exercisable was $3,914,000 using
the Black-Scholes method and accordingly was charged to expense during the
three months period ended March 31, 2000.
In connection with a print buyer user agreement entered into in January 2000,
the Company has issued a warrant to purchase up to 50,000 shares of common
stock at an exercise price of $11.00 per share, all shares of which will be
exercisable in the future based on the holder meeting a stated volume target
for business conducted over the noosh.com service.
In connection with a print buyer agreement entered into in February 2000, the
Company has issued a warrant to purchase up to 10,000 shares of common stock at
an exercise price equivalent to the initial public offering price per share.
All shares subject to this warrant will be exercisable when the print buyer
meets a stated target for business conducted over the noosh.com service.
In connection with a print vendor agreement entered into in February 2000,
the Company has issued a warrant to purchase up to 100,000 shares of common
stock which will be exercisable in the future based on the holder meeting
stated volume targets for business conducted over the noosh.com service at
exercise prices ranging from the initial public offering price to the fair
market value of the common stock at the date the volume targets are met.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In January 2000, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2000 Employee
Stock Purchase Plan under which eligible employees will be able to purchase
common stock at a discount price in periodic offerings. The purchase plan will
commence on the effective date of the offering.
A total of 600,000 shares of common stock have been authorized for issuance
under the 2000 purchase plan.
Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan
In January 2000, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2000 Non-
Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan under which non-employee directors will
automatically be granted options to purchase shares of common stock on the
effective date of the offering and on each annual stockholders' meeting,
beginning with the annual stockholders meeting in 2001.
A total of 350,000 shares of common stock have been authorized for issuance
under the 2000 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan.
F-17
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
2000 Equity Incentive Plan
In January 2000, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2000 Equity
Incentive Plan under which 6,000,000 shares of common stock have been reserved
for issuance of options to employees, directors and consultants.
The 2000 Equity Incentive Plan will be effective on the effective date of the
offering at which time no further option grants will be made under the 1998
Equity Incentive Plan.
NOTE 6--UNAUDITED PRO FORMA LOSS PER SHARE AND PRO FORMA SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Pro forma basic net loss per share has been computed as described in Note 1
and also gives effect to common equivalent stock from preferred shares that
will convert upon the closing of the Company's initial public offering (using
the as-if-converted-method).
A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of
pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share follow:
Three Months
Year Ended Ended
December 31, March 31,
1999 2000
------------ ------------
Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted:
Net loss......................................... $(17,648,000) $(20,674,000)
Shares used in computing net loss per share,
basic and diluted............................... 4,275,090 5,292,410
Adjustment to reflect the effect of the assumed
conversion of convertible preferred stock....... 11,081,828 20,732,870
------------ ------------
Shares used in computing pro forma net loss per
share, basic and diluted........................ 15,356,918 26,025,280
Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted.. $ (1.15) $ (0.79)
If the offering contemplated by this Prospectus is consummated as
contemplated, all of the convertible preferred stock outstanding as of the
closing date will be converted into an aggregate of approximately 19,582,563
shares of common stock based on the shares of convertible preferred stock
outstanding at March 31, 2000. Unaudited pro forma shareholders' equity at
March 31, 2000 as adjusted for the conversion of preferred stock, is disclosed
on the balance sheet.
NOTE 7--401(k) SAVINGS PLAN:
The Company established a 401(k) Savings Plan (the "Plan") that covers
substantially all employees. Under the Plan, employees are permitted to
contribute a portion of gross compensation not to exceed standard limitations
provided by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company maintains the right to
match employee contributions, but for the period from August 3, 1998 (date of
inception) March 31, 2000.
F-18
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
NOTE 8--SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:
Initial public offering
In January 2000, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to
file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission for
the purpose of an initial public offering of the Company's common stock. Upon
the completion of this offering, if the per share price in the offering is at
least $11.00 and the gross proceeds are at least $20,000,000, the Company's
preferred stock will automatically be converted into common stock.
Patent Licensing
The Company received a letter from an individual advising that his patent may
cover certain aspects of the Company's service and requesting the Company to
consider licensing the patent. The Company is currently evaluating the patent.
However, based on the Company's preliminary review, management does not believe
that the Company requires a license under the patent to operate its service.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
In April 2000, the Company amended and restated its Certificate of
Incorporation to increase the authorized number of shares of capital stock to
94,400,000 shares, of which 75,000,000 shares were designated common stock,
16,800,000 shares were designated preferred stock and 2,600,000 shares were
designated Class B common stock. Of the 16,800,000 shares that were designated
preferred stock, 800,000 shares were designated Series E preferred stock and
800,000 shares were designated Series E-1 preferred stock.
Series E Preferred Financing
In April 2000, the Company completed the closing of the Series E preferred
stock financing. The Company raised $10.0 million and issued 769,231 shares of
Series E preferred stock. The Series E preferred stock has substantially the
same preferences as the Series A, B, C and D preferred stock except that the
Series E preferred stock has a liquidation value of $13.00 per share plus all
declared and unpaid dividends, is non-voting and is convertible into Class B
common stock which is also non-voting. The conversion ratio for the Series E
preferred stock into Class B common stock is one to one, except in the event of
an initial public offering of the Company's equity securities or a sale of the
Company, each share of Series E preferred stock will convert into such number
of shares of Class B common stock that is equal to the result of of $13.00
divided by the lesser of the conversion price of the Series E preferred stock
then in effect or 85% of the initial public offering price per share. In
addition, the Class B common stock converts into common stock on a one-to-one
basis at the option of the holder on the earlier of April 4, 2001, the date 180
days after an initial public offering or the Company's prior written consent,
and the Class B common stock converts into common stock on a one-to-one basis
automatically upon any transfer of the Class B common stock to a third-party
that occurs on the earlier of April 4, 2001 or 180 days after an initial public
offering.
In connection with a print buyer user agreement entered into in April 2000,
the Company has issued a warrant to purchase up to 958,400 shares of Class B
common stock. A portion of the
F-19
NOOSH, INC.
(A COMPANY IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
(Information as of March 31, 2000 and/or for the periods ended
March 31, 1999 and 2000 is unaudited)
warrant, for a total of 432,000 shares, is immediately exercisable. The
remaining portion of the warrant becomes exercisable in increments upon the
holder meeting stated targets. Initially, the exercise price of the warrant is
$13.00 per share. Upon the automatic conversion of the Company's Series E
preferred stock to Class B common stock immediately prior to an initial public
offering, the exercise price of the warrant is adjusted to the lesser of $13.00
per share or the conversion price of the Series E preferred stock in effect
immediately prior to such conversion.
F-20
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information
or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on
any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to
sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in
jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this
prospectus is current only as of its date.
--------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
Prospectus Summary....................................................... 3
Risk Factors............................................................. 8
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements................................ 20
Use of Proceeds.......................................................... 21
Dividend Policy.......................................................... 21
Capitalization........................................................... 22
Dilution................................................................. 23
Selected Financial Data.................................................. 25
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations .......................................................... 27
Business................................................................. 35
Management............................................................... 49
Related Party Transactions............................................... 62
Principal Stockholders................................................... 64
Description of Capital Stock ............................................ 66
Shares Eligible for Future Sale.......................................... 70
Underwriting............................................................. 72
Validity of Common Stock................................................. 74
Experts.................................................................. 74
Additional Information................................................... 74
Index to Financial Statements............................................ F-1
--------------
Through and including , 2000 (the 25th day after the date of this
prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or
not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus.
This is in addition to a dealer's obligation to deliver a prospectus when
acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or
subscription.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4,000,000 Shares
NOOSH, Inc.
Common Stock
--------------
[NOOSH, INC. LOGO APPEARS HERE]
--------------
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
Robertson Stephens
Banc of America Securities LLC
PaineWebber Incorporated
E*OFFERING
Representatives of the Underwriters
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth all expenses, other than the underwriting
discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the sale of the
common stock being registered. All the amounts shown are estimates except for
the registration fee, the NASD filing fee and the Nasdaq National Market
application fee.
Registration fee................................................. $ 15,788
NASD filing fee.................................................. 6,480
Nasdaq National Market application fee........................... 95,000
Blue sky qualification fee and expenses.......................... 20,000
Printing and engraving expenses.................................. 250,000
Legal fees and expenses.......................................... 500,000
Accounting fees and expenses..................................... 250,000
Transfer agent and registrar fees................................ 15,000
Miscellaneous.................................................... 47,738
----------
Total............................................................ $1,200,000
==========
Item 14. Indemnification of Officers and Directors.
As permitted by Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation provides that no director of ours will be personally liable to
us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
director, except for liability for:
. any breach of duty of loyalty to us or to our stockholders;
. acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct
or a knowing violation of law;
. unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions;
or
. any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation further provides that
we must indemnify our directors and officers and may indemnify our other
employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. We
believe that indemnification under our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation covers negligence and gross negligence on the part of
indemnified parties.
We intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our
directors and executive officers. These agreements, among other things,
require us to indemnify each director and executive officer for some expenses
including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by
any of these persons in any action or proceeding, including any action by or
in the right of NOOSH, arising out of these persons' services as our director
or executive officer, any subsidiary of ours or any other company or
enterprise to which the person provides services at our request.
The underwriting agreement will provide for indemnification by the
underwriters of NOOSH, our directors, our officers who sign the registration
statement, and our controlling persons for some liabilities, including
liabilities arising under the securities act.
II-1
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
Since inception, we have sold and issued the following unregistered
securities:
(1) From August 15, 1998 to April 4, 2000, we granted stock options to
purchase 7,992,188 shares of the our common stock to employees, consultants
and directors pursuant to our 1998 equity incentive plan. Of these stock
options, 109,600 shares have been cancelled without being exercised,
3,490,050 shares have been exercised, 0 have been repurchased and 4,392,538
shares remain outstanding.
(2) On August 15, 1998, we issued an aggregate of 40,000 shares of common
stock to Cooley Godward LLP at $0.00125 per share for an aggregate purchase
price of $50.
(3) In August 1998 through September 1999, we issued an aggregate of
8,000,000 shares of common stock to Ofer Ben-Shachar at $0.00125 per share
for an aggregate purchase price of $10,000.
(4) In November 1998, we issued an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of
Series A preferred stock to Asset Management Partners, Baloff Investors,
LLC, GC&H Investments and eight individual investors at $0.65 per share for
an aggregate purchase price of $1,300,000. Shares of Series A preferred
stock are convertible into shares of common stock at the rate of two shares
of common stock for each share of Series A preferred stock owned.
(5) In December 1998, we issued an aggregate of 23,077 shares of Series A
preferred stock to one individual investor at $0.65 per share for an
aggregate purchase of $15,000. Shares of Series A preferred stock are
convertible into shares of common stock at the rate of two shares of common
stock for each share of Series A preferred stock owned.
(6) In January 1999 through March 1999, we issued an aggregate of 76,986
shares of common stock to four consultants at $0.325 per share for an
aggregate purchase price of $2,502.
(7) On April 26, 1999, we issued an aggregate of 4,363,637 shares of
Series B preferred stock to The Levinson Family Trust, The McDonald Family
Trust, The Pidwell Family Living Trust, Accel VI L.P., Accel Internet Fund
II L.P., Accel Investors '98 L.P., Accel Keiretsu VI L.P., Advanced
Technology Ventures V, L.P., ATV Entrepreneurs V, L.P., Angel Investors LP,
Asset Management Partners, Beams Technology Investments Ltd., ELK Partners,
GC&H Investments and eight individual investors at $2.75 per share for an
aggregate purchase price of $12,000,002. Shares of Series B preferred stock
are convertible into shares of common stock at the rate of two shares of
common stock for each share of Series B preferred stock owned.
(8) On September 15, 1999, we issued an aggregate of 13,216 shares of
common stock to six consultants at $0.80 per share for an aggregate
purchase price of $10,573.
(9) On October 8, 1999, we issued an aggregate of 11,609 shares of common
stock to eight consultants at $1.00 per share for an aggregate purchase
price of $11,609.
(10) On October 15, 1999, we issued an aggregate of 19,000 shares of
common stock to one employee as consideration with an aggregate fair market
value of $19,000 under a technology transfer agreement.
(11) On November 1, 1999, we issued an aggregate of 5,727 shares of
common stock to two consultants at $1.25 per share for an aggregate
purchase price of $7,159.
(12) In November 1999, we issued an aggregate of 6,809,135 shares of
Series C preferred stock to The McDonald Family Trust, The Pidwell Family
Living Trust, Accel VI L.P., Accel Internet Fund II L.P., Accel Investors
'98 L.P., Accel Keiretsu VI L.P., Advanced Technology Ventures V, L.P., ATV
Entrepreneurs V, L.P., Asset Management Partners, Beams Technology
Investments Ltd., ELK Partners, GC&H Investments, Internet Experience,
L.P., MeriTech Capital Affiliates L.P.,
II-2
MeriTech Capital Partners L.P., RSV Ventures, L.P., Spinnaker Clipper Fund,
L.P., Spinnaker Crossover Fund, L.P., Spinnaker Crossover Institutional
Fund, L.P., TCV III (GP) TCV III, L.P., TCV III (Q), L.P., TCV III
Strategic Partners, L.P., Comdisco, Inc. and fifteen individual investors
at $7.45 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $50,728,056. Shares
of Series C preferred stock are convertible into shares of common stock at
the rate of one share of common stock for each share of Series C preferred
stock owned.
(13) On November 15, 1999, we issued an aggregate of 33,865 shares of
common stock to four consultants at $1.50 per share for an aggregate
purchase price of $50,798.
(14) On November 30, 1999, we issued an aggregate of 847 shares of common
stock to three consultants at $1.75 per share for an aggregate purchase
price of $1,482.
(15) On December 30, 1999, we issued two warrants to two print vendors to
purchase an aggregate of 495,000 shares of common stock. A portion of the
first warrant, for a total of 140,000 shares, became immediately
exercisable upon issuance at an exercise price of $7.45. A portion of the
second warrant, for a total of 75,000 shares, became immediately
exercisable upon issuance at an exercise price of $11.00. The remaining
portions of the warrants are exercisable when the print vendors meet stated
volume targets for business conducted over our service at exercise prices
ranging from $7.45 per share to the fair market value of our common stock
on the date the volume targets are met.
(16) On December 31, 1999, we issued an aggregate of 13,203 shares of
common stock to seven consultants for an aggregate purchase price of
$29,707.
(17) On January 14, 2000, we issued one warrant to Bank of America
Technology and Operations, Inc. to purchase an aggregate of 50,000 shares
of common stock at an exercise price of $11.00 per share.
(18) On January 25, 2000 we issued an aggregate of 1,418,182 shares of
Series D preferred stock to R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company and two
individual investors at $11.00 per share for a total of $15,600,002. Shares
of Series D preferred stock are convertible into shares of common stock at
the rate of one share of common stock for each share of Series D preferred
stock owned. In addition, we issued two warrants to R.R. Donnelley & Sons
Company to purchase an aggregate of 2,780,159 shares of common stock at an
exercise price of $11.00 per share. A total of 961,309 shares of common
stock are immediately exercisable under the warrants. The remaining shares
under the warrants are exercisable when the holder meets stated volume
targets for business conducted over our service.
(19) On February 4, 2000, we issued one warrant to ColorGraphics, a print
vendor, to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock. The
warrant is first exercisable on the one year anniversary of the date of
grant and only to the extent ColorGraphics meets stated volume targets for
business conducted over our service. The exercise price for the warrant
ranges from the initial public offering price to the fair market value of
our common stock as of the end of the calendar quarter during which the
stated volume targets are met.
(20) On February 4, 2000, we issued an aggregate of 17,350 shares of
common stock to two consultants for an aggregate purchase price of
$138,775.
(21) On February 14, 2000, we issued one warrant to J. Crew Group, Inc.,
a print buyer, to purchase an aggregate of 10,000 shares of common stock.
The warrant is first exercisable on the one year anniversary of the date of
grant and only to the extent J. Crew meets a target for business conducted
over our service. The exercise price for the warrant is equal to the
initial public offering price.
(22) On March 10, 2000, we issued an aggregate of 2,536 shares of common
stock to two consultants for an aggregate purchase price of $24,092.
II-3
(23) On April 4, 2000, we issued an aggregate of 769,231 shares of Series
E preferred stock to GE Capital Equity Investments, Inc. at $13.00 per
share for a total of $10,000,003. Initially, shares of Series E preferred
stock are convertible into shares of Class B common stock at the rate of
one share of Class B common stock for each share of Series E preferred
stock. In the event of an initial public offering or a sale of NOOSH, each
share of Series E preferred stock will be convertible into that number of
shares of Class B common stock equal to $13.00 divided by the lesser of the
conversion price then in effect for the Series E preferred stock or 85% of
the initial public offering price per share. Assuming an initial public
offering price of $12.00, each share of Series E preferred stock will be
convertible into approximately 1.27 shares of Class B common stock. In
addition, we issued a warrant to GE Capital Equity Investments to purchase
up to 958,400 shares of capital stock. A portion of the warrant, for a
total of 432,000 shares of share of Series E preferred stock will be
convertible into approximately 1.27 shares of Class B common stock. In
addition, we issued a warrant to GE Capital Equity Investments to purchase
up to 958,400 shares of capital stock. A portion of the warrant, for a
total of 432,000 shares of capital stock, is immediately exercisable. The
remaining portion of the warrant becomes exercisable in increments upon the
holder meeting stated targets. Initially, the exercise price of the warrant
is $13.00 per share. Upon the automatic conversion of our Series E
preferred stock upon the closing of an initial public offering, the
exercise price of the warrant is adjusted to the lesser of $13.00 per share
or the conversion price of the Series E preferred stock in effect
immediately prior to such conversion. Initially, the warrant is exercisable
for Class B common stock. At the option of GE Capital Equity Investments,
on the date 90 days after this offering, a portion of the warrant will
become exercisable for common stock. In addition, on the earlier of April
4, 2001 or the date 180 days after this offering, the remainder of the
warrant will become exercisable for common stock.
With respect to the grant of stock options described in paragraph (1), an
exemption from registration was unnecessary in that none of the transactions
involved a "sale" of securities as this term is used in Section 2(3) of the
Securities Act. The sale and issuance of securities and the exercise of
options described in paragraphs (1), (6), (8), (9), (11), (13), (14), (16),
(20) and (22) above were deemed to be exempt from registration under the
Securities Act by virtue of Rule 701 promulgated thereunder in that they were
offered and sold either pursuant to a written compensatory benefit plan or
pursuant to a written contract relating to compensation, as provided in Rule
701. The sale and issuance of securities described in paragraphs (2), (3),
(4), (5), (7), (10), (12), (15), (17), (18), (19), (21) and (23) above were
deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act by virtue of
Rule 4(2) or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
Appropriate legends are affixed to the stock certificates issued in the
aforementioned transactions. Similar legends were imposed in connection with
any subsequent sales of any of these securities. All recipients either
received adequate information about NOOSH or had access, through employment or
other relationships, to such information.
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Exhibits.
Exhibit
Number Description of Document
------- -----------------------
1.1** Form of Underwriting Agreement.
3.1** Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, as currently in
effect.
3.2** Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
Registrant to be filed upon the closing of the offering made pursuant
to this Registration Statement.
3.3** Bylaws of the Registrant as currently in effect.
4.1** Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
4.2** Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement dated April 4, 2000
between Registrant and holders of the Registrant's Series A Preferred
Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D
Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock.
II-4
Exhibit
Number Description of Document
------- -----------------------
5.1** Opinion of Cooley Godward LLP.
10.1** Form of Indemnity Agreement.
10.2** 1998 Equity Incentive Plan and related documents.
10.3** 2000 Equity Incentive Plan and related documents.
10.4** 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
10.5** 2000 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan and related documents.
10.6** Lease Agreement, dated April 1, 1999, between Registrant and Syntex
(U.S.A.) Inc.
10.7** Sublease Agreement, dated November 1, 1999, between the Registrant
and Xerox Corporation.
10.8** Promissory Note, dated April 15, 1999, between Registrant and David
Hannebrink.
10.8.1** Amendment No. 1 to Promissory Note, dated April 15, 1999, between
Registrant and David Hannebrink.
10.9** Promissory Note, dated October 8, 1999, between Registrant and Hagi
Schwartz.
10.10** Promissory Note, dated November 1, 1999, between Registrant and David
Hannebrink.
10.11** Promissory Note, dated January 3, 2000, between Registrant and Kevin
Akeroyd.
10.12** Promissory Note, dated January 3, 2000, between Registrant and Ray
Martinelli.
10.13** Promissory Note, dated January 3, 2000, between Registrant and
Timothy Moore.
10.14** Promissory Note, dated January 15, 2000, between Registrant and
Steven Baloff.
10.15** Promissory Note, dated January 15, 2000, between Registrant and David
Hannebrink.
10.16** Promissory Note, dated January 15, 2000 between Registrant and Robert
Shaw.
10.17** Promissory Note, dated February 4, 2000 between Registrant and Hagi
Schwartz.
10.18** Internet Services and Colocation Agreement, dated as of July 20,
1999, between the Registrant and Abovenet.
10.19**+ Co-Development and Marketing Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2000,
between the Registrant and R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
10.20**+ Warrant for the Purchase of 225,000 shares of Common Stock issued to
Consolidated Graphics, Inc. dated December 30, 1999.
10.21**+ Warrant for the Purchase of 270,000 shares of Common Stock issued to
Wallace Computer Services, Inc. dated December 30, 1999.
10.22**+ Warrant for the Purchase of 50,000 shares of Common Stock issued to
Bank of America Technology and Operations, Inc. dated January 14,
2000.
10.23** Warrant for the Purchase of 2,430,158 shares of Common Stock issued
to R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company dated January 25, 2000.
10.24** Warrant for the Purchase of 350,000 shares of Common Stock issued to
R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company dated January 25, 2000.
10.25** Warrant for the Purchase of 958,400 shares of Class B Common Stock
issued to GE Capital Equity Investments, Inc. dated April 4, 2000.
10.26** Promissory Note, dated March 15, 2000 between Registrant and Edward
E. Barr.
10.27** Office Lease dated March 31, 2000 by and between Registrant and PAC
Court Associates, L.P., a California limited partnership.
10.28** Lease dated October 1999 by and between the Realty Associates Fund
IV, L.P. and Registrant of the Hillsite Building, 75 Second Ave.,
Needham, Massachusetts, 02912.
10.29 Office Space Lease, dated February 2000, by and between Registrant
and LaSalle National Bank.
10.30 Deed of Lease, by and between Registrant and MDM Development Company,
L.L.C.
10.31 Offer Letter, dated October 14, 1998, between Registrant and Mathew
Spolin
10.32 Offer Letter, dated April 10, 1999, between Registrant and Lawrence
Slotnick
10.33 Offer Letter, dated July 27, 1999, between Registrant and Kevin
Akeroyd
10.34 Offer Letter, dated January 6, 1999, between Registrant and David
Hannebrink.
10.35 Offer Letter, dated October 7, 1999, between Registrant and Hagi
Schwartz.
10.36 Offer Letter, dated January 3, 2000, between Registrant and Timothy
Moore.
10.37 Offer Letter, dated January 4, 2000, between Registrant and Robert
Shaw.
23.1 Consent of Independent Accountants.
II-5
Exhibit
Number Description of Document
------- -----------------------
23.2** Consent of Cooley Godward LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.1** Power of Attorney.
27.1** Financial Data Schedule.
- --------
** Previously filed.
+ Confidential treatment has been requested for a portion of this exhibit.
(b) Financial Statement Schedules.
Schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or because the
information is included in the Financial Statements or the Notes thereto.
Item 17. Undertakings.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) That for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, the information omitted from the form of this prospectus filed as part
of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in
a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or
(4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this
Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) That for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall
be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions referenced in Item 15
of this Registration Statement or otherwise, the Registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission this
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act
and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against these liabilities (other than the payment by the
Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or
controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any
action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by a director, officer, or
controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the
Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question of whether the indemnification by it is against
public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, and will be
governed by the final adjudication of this issue.
(4) To provide to the Underwriters at the closing specified in the
Underwriting Agreement certificates in the denomination and registered in
the names required by the Underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each
purchaser.
II-6
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant
has caused this Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the County of Santa
Clara, State of California, on the 16th day of May, 2000.
NOOSH, Inc.
*
By: _________________________________
Ofer Ben-Shachar
President, Chief Executive
Officer and Chairman
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment
No. 4 to Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signatures Title Date
---------- ----- ----
* President, Chief Executive May 16, 2000
______________________________________ Officer and Chairman of
Ofer Ben-Shachar the Board of Directors
(principal executive
officer)
/s/ Hagi Schwartz Vice President and Chief May 16, 2000
______________________________________ Financial Officer
Hagi Schwartz (principal financial and
accounting officer)
* Director May 16, 2000
______________________________________
Steven Baloff
* Director May 16, 2000
______________________________________
Edward Barr
* Director May 16, 2000
______________________________________
Arthur Patterson
* Director May 16, 2000
______________________________________
Kathy Levinson
/s/ Hagi Schwartz
*By: ____________________________
Name: Hagi Schwartz
Attorney-in-Fact
II-7
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number Description of Document
------- -----------------------
1.1** Form of Underwriting Agreement.
3.1** Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, as currently in
effect.
3.2** Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
Registrant to be filed upon the closing of the offering made pursuant
to this Registration Statement.
3.3** Bylaws of the Registrant as currently in effect.
4.1** Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
4.2** Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement dated April 4, 2000
between Registrant and holders of the Registrant's Series A Preferred
Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, Series D
Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock.
5.1** Opinion of Cooley Godward LLP.
10.1** Form of Indemnity Agreement.
10.2** 1998 Equity Incentive Plan and related documents.
10.3** 2000 Equity Incentive Plan and related documents.
10.4** 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
10.5** 2000 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan and related documents.
10.6** Lease Agreement, dated April 1, 1999, between Registrant and Syntex
(U.S.A.) Inc.
10.7** Sublease Agreement, dated November 1, 1999, between the Registrant
and Xerox Corporation.
10.8** Promissory Note, dated April 15, 1999, between Registrant and David
Hannebrink.
10.8.1** Amendment No. 1 to Promissory Note, dated April 15, 1999, between
Registrant and David Hannebrink.
10.9** Promissory Note, dated October 8, 1999, between Registrant and Hagi
Schwartz.
10.10** Promissory Note, dated November 1, 1999, between Registrant and David
Hannebrink.
10.11** Promissory Note, dated January 3, 2000, between Registrant and Kevin
Akeroyd.
10.12** Promissory Note, dated January 3, 2000, between Registrant and Ray
Martinelli.
10.13** Promissory Note, dated January 3, 2000, between Registrant and
Timothy Moore.
10.14** Promissory Note, dated January 15, 2000, between Registrant and
Steven Baloff.
10.15** Promissory Note, dated January 15, 2000, between Registrant and David
Hannebrink.
10.16** Promissory Note, dated January 15, 2000 between Registrant and Robert
Shaw.
10.17** Promissory Note, dated February 4, 2000 between Registrant and Hagi
Schwartz.
10.18** Internet Services and Colocation Agreement, dated as of July 20,
1999, between the Registrant and Abovenet.
10.19**+ Co-Development and Marketing Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2000,
between the Registrant and R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
10.20**+ Warrant for the Purchase of 225,000 shares of Common Stock issued to
Consolidated Graphics, Inc. dated December 30, 1999.
10.21**+ Warrant for the Purchase of 270,000 shares of Common Stock issued to
Wallace Computer Services, Inc. dated December 30, 1999.
10.22**+ Warrant for the Purchase of 50,000 shares of Common Stock issued to
Bank of America Technology and Operations, Inc. dated January 14,
2000.
10.23** Warrant for the Purchase of 2,430,158 shares of Common Stock issued
to R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company dated January 25, 2000.
10.24** Warrant for the Purchase of 350,000 shares of Common Stock issued to
R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company dated January 25, 2000.
10.25** Warrant for the Purchase of 958,400 shares of Class B Common Stock
issued to GE Capital Equity Investments, Inc. dated April 4, 2000.
10.26** Promissory Note, dated March 15, 2000 between Registrant and Edward
E. Barr.
10.27** Office Lease dated March 31, 2000 by and between Registrant and PAC
Court Associates, L.P., a California limited partnership.
10.28** Lease dated October 1999 by and between the Realty Associates Fund
IV, L.P. and Registrant of the Hillsite Building, 75 Second Ave.,
Needham, Massachusetts, 02912.
Exhibit
Number Description of Document
------- -----------------------
10.29 Office Space Lease, dated February 2000, by and between Registrant and
LaSalle National Bank.
10.30 Deed of Lease, by and between Registrant and MDM Development Company,
L.L.C.
10.31 Offer Letter, dated October 14, 1998, between Registrant and Mathew
Spolin
10.32 Offer Letter, dated April 10, 1999, between Registrant and Lawrence
Slotnick
10.33 Offer Letter, dated July 27, 1999, between Registrant and Kevin
Akeroyd
10.34 Offer Letter, dated January 6, 1999, between Registrant and David
Hannebrink.
10.35 Offer Letter, dated October 7, 1999, between Registrant and Hagi
Schwartz.
10.36 Offer Letter, dated January 3, 2000, between Registrant and Timothy
Moore.
10.37 Offer Letter, dated January 4, 2000, between Registrant and Robert
Shaw.
23.1 Consent of Independent Accountants.
23.2** Consent of Cooley Godward LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.1** Power of Attorney.
27.1** Financial Data Schedule.
- --------
** Previously filed.
+ Confidential treatment has been requested for a portion of this exhibit.