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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
[X] Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934.
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1999
or
[ ] Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934.
For the transition period from to
Commission file no. 333-64483
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DIVA Systems Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware 94-3226532
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification Number)
800 Saginaw Drive
Redwood City, California
(Address of principal executive 94063
offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (650) 779-3000
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No ____.
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
The aggregate market value of the Registrant's Common Stock, par value
$.001 per share, held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based upon the fair
market value as determined by the Company's Board of Directors as of June 30,
1999 was approximately $13,582,106. For purposes of this disclosure, shares of
Common Stock held by persons who hold more than 5% of the outstanding shares of
Common Stock and shares held by officers and directors of the Registrant have
been excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This
determination of affiliate status is not necessarily conclusive for other
purposes.
The number of shares of Registrant's classes of Common Stock outstanding at
September 15, 1999 was:
Title of each Class
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Common Stock, $.001 par value 16,665,424
Class C Common Stock, $.001 par value 857,370
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DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION
FORM 10-K
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1999
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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PART I
Item 1. Business...................................................................................................2
Item 2. Properties.................................................................................................9
Item 3. Legal Proceedings..........................................................................................9
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders........................................................9
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters..................................10
Item 6. Selected Financial Data...................................................................................10
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.....................12
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data...............................................................30
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure......................55
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant........................................................56
Item 11. Executive Compensation....................................................................................59
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management............................................62
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions......................................................64
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K...........................................65
PART I
Item 1. Business
This Business section and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The
actual results of DIVA Systems Corporation ("DIVA" or the "Company") may differ
materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors
that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those
discussed below and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations." The forward-looking statements contained
herein are made as of the date hereof, and the Company assumes no obligation to
update such forward-looking statements or to update reasons actual results could
differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are statements identified with an asterisk (*) and
statements which can be identified by the use of forward looking terminology
such as "estimates", "projects", "anticipates", "expects", "intends", "believes"
or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology or
by discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties.
Company Overview
DIVA enables cable operators to provide their subscribers with true video-
on-demand ("VOD") over the cable television infrastructure. VOD offers immediate
in-home access to hundreds of movies with VCR-like functionality (i.e., pause,
play, fast forward and reverse) and high quality digital picture and sound.
DIVA's technology is designed to provide low-cost VOD movies at prices
comparable to those charged for videotape rentals, pay-per-view ("PPV") and near
video-on-demand ("NVOD") movies, but with greater convenience and functionality.
In order to shorten the time to market for the cable operator, DIVA can provide
a turnkey VOD solution that combines a technology platform with programming
content and marketing and billing services. Alternatively, DIVA can unbundle its
turnkey VOD solution and offer individual elements thereof to meet the cable
operator's needs.
The technology foundation of the Company's VOD system is its scalable and
modular video server, a massively parallel processing computer capable of
storing hundreds of movie titles, any of which can be simultaneously delivered
to multiple customers. Even though only one copy of each movie title is resident
on the system, customers may view and interact (i.e., pause, play, fast forward
and reverse) independently with the same or different movie titles at any time.
In contrast to PPV and NVOD, which require continuous broadcasting of
programming content to all homes in a cable system, the Company's technology
delivers programming content to viewers on a "pointcast" basis, only when
requested by individual customers. DIVA's solution requires less cable system
bandwidth than NVOD, while increasing convenience and variety for cable
operators' customers.
DIVA believes that its VOD products and services offer significant
advantages to cable operators, who face increased competition for subscribers
from direct broadcast satellite ("DBS") companies, the telecommunications
industry and other video delivery services.* To date, DIVA has entered into
discussions for deployment of its VOD system with a number of multiple systems
operators ("MSOs") in the United States that are in the process of upgrading to
two-way capable hybrid fiber/coaxial ("HFC") plant. DIVA has deployed its VOD
service in a single headend location in cable systems owned by Lenfest
Communications, Inc. ("Lenfest"), Adelphia Communications Corporation
("Adelphia"), Cablevision Systems Corporation ("Cablevision"), and R & A
Management, LLC ("Rifkin") and in two headend locations owned by each of
Chambers Communications Corp. ("Chambers") and Insight Communications Co., L.P.
("Insight"). In addition, the Company has entered into an agreement to deploy
its VOD system in a multi-headend system owned by MediaOne of Colorado, Inc.
("MediaOne") beginning fourth quarter 1999.
Additionally, the Company believes its VOD products and services are
equally attractive in certain markets outside North America.* As a result, the
Company has commenced business and market development activity in Europe,
established DIVA UK Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company in
the United Kingdom, opened and staffed an office in the U.K., and recently
entered into an agreement with NTL Group Limited ("NTL") to commercially deploy
its VOD products and services in the U.K. in 2000.
The Company has obtained the rights to provide a broad array of
entertainment content through license arrangements with Warner Bros. (including
New Line Cinema, Turner and WarnerVision), Sony Pictures (including Columbia,
Tristar and Sony Classics), Universal Pictures, Polygram, Walt Disney Pictures,
Twentieth Century Fox, MGM, HBO and other specialized programmers. Under these
arrangements, the Company has rights to over 3,000 video titles for its initial
deployments, including new releases, library titles and classics, special
interest videos, children's videos and adult content videos. The Company is
expanding its license arrangements to include additional studios and specialized
programmers and is pursuing distribution rights for new entertainment offerings,
including on-demand music videos and educational, instructional and other
content.
-2-
The Company was founded in June 1995 when it acquired certain exclusive
rights for consumer applications of the DIVA Video Server from Sarnoff Real Time
Corporation ("SRTC"), a company formed as a spin-off from The Sarnoff
Corporation ("Sarnoff"), formerly RCA Labs, which was responsible for inventing
color television. Sarnoff, a premier video development laboratory, played a key
role in developing the DirecTV satellite system and the high definition
television ("HDTV") standard. DIVA acquired SRTC in April 1998.
Home Video Entertainment Market
Overview. The home video entertainment market has experienced dramatic
growth from the proliferation of home video rentals and sales, cable television
and DBS, including PPV services and NVOD. Total U.S. consumer spending on home
video entertainment increased from less than $15 billion in 1987 to more than
$45 billion in 1997 and is expected to exceed $70 billion by 2002.* The Company
believes that this growth is driven by several factors, including: (i) greater
viewing selection resulting from increased channel capacity; (ii) better quality
audio and video signals provided from upgraded and digitally compressed cable
and DBS services; (iii) increased production and marketing of feature films and
television programming; and (iv) the growth of higher quality and more
affordable home entertainment systems.*
Home Video Rental Market. According to Veronis, Suhler & Associates, U.S.
home video market revenues were approximately $15.1 billion in 1997, and
consisted of approximately $7.5 billion in video rentals and $7.6 billion in
video sales. There were approximately 81 million households with VCRs in the
U.S. in 1997, with video rentals averaging 3.1 per month.
Cable PPV Market. Cable PPV movie revenues totaled approximately $456
million in 1997. Approximately 29.4 million cable households had access to PPV
in the U.S. in 1997. Based on industry sources, PPV buy rates averaged 0.3 buys
per PPV-capable home per month. PPV services generally utilize two to four
channels of capacity and typically offer viewers a choice of up to four movie
titles with a new film starting every one to two hours.
DBS NVOD Market. DBS NVOD movie revenues totaled approximately $400 million
in 1997. As of the end of 1997, approximately 5.5 million households in the U.S.
had access to NVOD, offered through DBS and other wireless technologies. In
1997, based on DBS industry statistics, NVOD buy rates averaged 1.3 buys per
subscriber per month. DBS providers generally offer subscribers up to 80 titles
in a given month. In 1998, SKYReports estimated monthly buy rates of 1.5 to 2.0
titles per subscriber for DirecTV, the largest DBS operator and also the largest
provider of NVOD movies. DirecTV devotes up to 61 channels to NVOD and offers
viewers a choice of 10 to 20 titles starting in a given hour, some having start
times as frequently as every 30 minutes. MSOs are utilizing digital compression
technology, which allows them to provide NVOD similar to that provided by DBS
companies. Currently, DBS households spend over 450% more than cable households
for PPV movies.
DIVA's Opportunity
The Company believes that its VOD products and services will enable MSOs to
capture significant revenues from the home video entertainment market by
combining the best features of video rentals, PPV and NVOD.* In contrast to the
video rental market, VOD provides assured availability of popular movie titles,
facilitates impulse buying and eliminates inconvenient trips to the video store,
late return fees and tape rewind charges. In contrast to PPV and NVOD, the
Company's VOD system provides instant in-home access to hundreds of movie titles
with VCR functionality (i.e., pause, play, fast forward and rewind). As a result
of the selection, convenience and functionality of its VOD capability, the
Company expects that MSOs will be able to achieve higher movie buy rates and
higher revenues than are currently obtainable from existing PPV and NVOD.*
DIVA's VOD service requires cable systems with upgraded HFC plant and an
activated return path. MSOs in discussions with DIVA are actively upgrading
additional systems with HFC plant. According to the Cablevision Blue Book, the
number of U.S. cable homes upgraded to two-way HFC plant as a percent of total
U.S. homes passed by cable is estimated to be 45% at the end of 1998, although
not all of such HFC plant had an activated return path.
Deployment Agreements and Relationships
The Company has entered into conditional multiple-year agreements with
Adelphia, Cablevision and Rifkin. Each of these agreements is currently in an
initial limited commercial trial phase. Each of the agreements may be terminated
during this initial phase at the option of either party. If any agreement
continues beyond the initial limited commercial trial phase, the term of such
agreement is seven years (ten years in the case of Rifkin) per "cluster" from
the date a certain minimum number of customers is achieved, where a "cluster" is
an area serving a specified minimum number of
-3-
homes passed. See "--Factors Affecting Operating Results--Dependence on Cable
Operator Participation; Consolidation in Cable System Ownership; Unproven
Business Models."
The Company and Lenfest have entered into a multi-year agreement under
which the parties agreed to broadly deploy DIVA's VOD service in Lenfest's
Suburban Cable TV Co. Inc. systems that, as of October 31, 1998, served over one
million customers in Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey. Commencement of
deployment is conditioned upon the successful completion of the integration of
DIVA's VOD system with a set-top box manufactured by General Instrument and
integration with an electronic program guide offering. The term of the agreement
is seven years, subject to earlier termination upon the occurrence of certain
events. DIVA's VOD service will be offered as part of package of digital
programming in systems upgraded to two-way HFC plant, and will launch on a
rolling schedule as Lenfest upgrades its cable systems and integrates digital
offerings. DIVA does not anticipate that all areas in each Suburban Cable system
will be upgraded in the foreseeable future.* Lenfest has announced that AT&T
will acquire the additional 50% ownership interest to bring its ownership in
Lenfest to 100%. AT&T is expected to have Comcast manage the Suburban Cable
systems under an arrangement that may include a right for Comcast to acquire
some or all of the systems. DIVA does not expect these changes in ownership to
materially impact its agreement with Lenfest.*
DIVA has signed an agreement to deploy its VOD system in two cable systems
owned by Chambers. The term of the agreement is ten years per system and is not
conditioned upon completion of an initial commercial trial. DIVA installed a
DIVA Video Server in the first Chambers system in December 1998 and installed a
DIVA Video Server in the second Chambers system in May 1999.
DIVA has signed a multi-year agreement to deploy its VOD system in three
cable systems owned by Insight. The agreement is not conditioned upon completion
of an initial commercial trial. DIVA installed a DIVA Video Server in the first
Insight system in May 1999 and in the second Insight system in August 1999. The
Company anticipates that a DIVA Video Server will be installed in the third
Insight system in fourth quarter 1999.*
DIVA has signed a multi-year agreement to deploy its VOD system in a multi-
headend system owned by MediaOne. The agreement is not conditioned upon
completion of an initial commercial trial. Under the terms of this agreement,
the Company is required to install a DIVA Video Server in the first of
MediaOne's headends during the fourth quarter of 1999.
DIVA has signed an agreement with NTL to modify its VOD system for wide
scale commercial deployment in cable systems owned by NTL in the U.K. and
Ireland. Rollout of this deployment is conditioned upon the achievement of
certain technical and commercial milestones.
DIVA's Products and Services
Technology
The Cable Environment. Historically, cable operators delivered video
signals in analog form to their subscribers using one-way, broadcast
transmission. As the number of local television stations, television
"superstations" and cable programming services increased, however, traditional
cable plant and system architecture did not provide sufficient capacity to
enable cable operators to expand and carry these new entertainment sources.
Cable operators have chosen two principal methods to increase channel capacity:
(i) deliver some or all of the video signals in digital form using existing
cable distribution plant, or (ii) replace and/or upgrade the cable distribution
plant itself using higher capacity cable. Each method requires significant
capital expenditures by the cable operator.
HFC is a cable system architecture that generally utilizes fiber optic
cable between the headend and the nodes and coaxial cable from the nodes to
individual homes. HFC has several advantages over coaxial cable alone for cable
operators that have elected to replace or upgrade cable plant: the fiber optic
cable "backbone" is more reliable and more economical to operate and maintain,
and the node configuration of HFC architecture enables efficient two-way
activation of the cable system. Two-way activation gives the operator the option
of providing high-speed cable modem, Internet and telephony services as well as
true, interactive VOD.
-4-
The DIVA System Solution. DIVA's system solution offers cable operators an
opportunity to provide substantially more movie titles while utilizing
significantly less channel capacity than analog or digital PPV or NVOD
offerings. In contrast to these one-way PPV and NVOD service offerings, DIVA's
system solution provides its broad content choices in a true, interactive
format, whenever the cable subscriber chooses to access the service and with VCR
functionality.
DIVA's system requires upgraded HFC plant and delivers video content in
digital form using pointcast (as opposed to broadcast) transmission. Upgraded
HFC plant is also required to deliver high-speed cable modem access and
telephony. Each of these applications requires an activated return path, i.e.
"two-way" cable plant capable of sending signals from the home to the headend.
DIVA's system solution capitalizes on the node architecture used for
upgraded HFC plant. Very high capacity fiber optic cable connects the cable
headend (and DIVA Video Server) to a number of fiber nodes. From each node,
lower capacity coaxial cable is used to connect the node to subscriber homes.
DIVA's pointcast approach utilizes only part of a conventional 6MHz cable
channel to deliver each video stream, and then only when a particular home has
ordered a program. In contrast to DIVA's technology, conventional, one-way
broadcast (whether analog or digital) transmission requires that all programming
be continuously available over the entire cable system, even if none of the
television sets in the homes in a particular node are turned on or tuned to a
particular programming channel. Use of channel capacity only when it is
requested by a particular subscriber allows any unutilized capacity to be used
by other subscribers. DIVA's existing headend systems can handle approximately
2,000 simultaneous viewers.
The DIVA System Components
DIVA's digital VOD system comprises hardware and software elements
including (i) an operating platform, based on the DIVA Video Server (the "Video
Server"), the DIVA Digital Link (the "DDL") and the DIVA System Manager (the
"DSM"); (ii) a DIVA-compatible set-top box into which elements of DIVA's
proprietary software are downloaded; and (iii) video programming content
accessed through the on-screen interactive navigator.
Operating Platform. The critical characteristic of DIVA's technology that
enables the delivery of low-cost VOD is the concentration of computing power in
the DIVA Video Server, which reduces the memory and processing requirements of
the DIVA-compatible set-top box. The Video Server incorporates significant
processing capacity, extensive storage and management capability. The DDL is the
flexible link between the Video Server and the cable operator's digital headend.
The DDL converts the Video Server's digital video stream output to signals that
can be combined with other digital services for transmission over HFC cable
plant to customers' homes. The core of the DIVA solution is the suite of
software applications known as the DSM, which tie the Video Server, the DDL
and the various supporting elements together. The DSM supports the initiation,
completion, monitoring and reporting for all VOD services. It has a modular
architecture and manages sessions, subscribers, content, billing and the local
network.
Digital Set-Top Box. The DIVA system requires a set-top box, which converts
digital signals to analog form, and a remote control. DIVA's system architecture
capitalizes on the centralization of the system's functionality and intelligence
at the headend. Because the set-top box is the component of a VOD system which
must be deployed in large numbers, cost savings focused on the set-top box
compound rapidly and have a significant impact on overall cost savings for
delivery of VOD service under DIVA's system architecture. Further, with
computing power and content centered in the server and headend components, the
look, feel, content and functionality of VOD service offerings and the navigator
can be upgraded at the headend and implemented by software downloads without
having to send a technician to the subscriber's home to replace the set-top box
or install new functionality. The Company and General Instrument Corporation
("General Instrument") have demonstrated the successful port of the Company's
VOD application to General Instrument's Digital Network System ("DNS"). The
initial implementation of this integration was tested on a limited,
non-commercial basis with Lenfest, and a commercial version has been launched in
systems owned by Chambers and Insight. In addition, the Company is party to a
developer agreement with Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. ("Scientific-Atlanta") to
enable the Company to port its VOD system products to the Scientific-Atlanta
digital set-top box platform.
Navigator. Users control their VOD service through DIVA's on-screen
interactive guide or navigator, which is an audio and visual interactive
interface displayed on a viewer's television. The navigator allows a customer,
using a simple remote control, to move through on-screen information, to order
video titles, and to control the pause, play, rewind and fast forward features
when viewing a movie or other title.
-5-
Operations
DIVA offers its VOD products and services to cable operators. In
combination, these represent a technology platform with programming, marketing
and billing services and which facilitates customer handling processes by
utilizing existing cable infrastructure and personnel. The cable operator
provides installation of set-top boxes and certain customer service functions.
Headend Equipment Installation and Management. DIVA provides the DIVA Video
Server and related headend equipment and can install, monitor and maintain
multiple server locations. DIVA has established an automated remote monitoring
system with field service and maintenance capabilities for its VOD system.
Employees in DIVA's regional operations centers make use of this advanced system
in monitoring the operations of the Company's VOD service in local areas.
Customer Service and Training. DIVA is able to leverage an MSO's existing
customer service infrastructure and personnel. The Company has developed
training programs which enable an MSO's existing customer service
representatives to handle all calls relating to new VOD orders, billing
questions and other customer inquiries or requests for guidance. DIVA provides
technical assistance, including responding to certain customer telephone
inquiries, to the MSOs.
Billing and Management Information Systems. DIVA has developed its own
real-time billing and management information system to interface with the cable
operator's billing system. DIVA's billing system supports deployment of DIVA's
VOD service with the majority of current cable industry billing systems and
provides the option to bill customers separately or on an integrated basis as
part of the cable operator's bill. The Company's management information system
plays a major role in collecting, analyzing and reporting usage, revenue, churn,
migration and other key performance measures of DIVA's VOD service for cable
operators. The Company believes that this information will be valuable in
determining program selections, as well as providing demographic information for
the cable companies and the studios.
Marketing
DIVA's multimedia marketing strategy combines traditional direct response
elements with support elements that create awareness for its VOD service and
help attract new customers. The traditional direct response approach could
include a telemarketing and direct-mail campaign targeting specific households
and local newspaper advertisements. Support elements include: (i) a commercial
promoting the VOD service on heavily viewed cable channels; (ii) an
"infomercial" running on a specially dedicated cable barker channel available to
all subscribers; and (iii) marketing materials that promote the VOD service
accompanying MSOs cable bills. The Company has also developed training programs
to enable customer service representatives to reinforce the selling points of
the VOD service to prospective customers who call to inquire further about the
service. Finally, DIVA has built numerous promotional features into its
on-screen interactive guide in an effort to secure customer loyalty and increase
customer retention. All of these services and products are available to cable
operators individually or in bundled packages to meet the cable operator's
needs.
Programming
DIVA has entered into license arrangements for its initial deployments with
Warner Bros. (including New Line Cinema, Turner and WarnerVision), Sony Pictures
(including Columbia, Tristar and Sony Classics), Universal Pictures, Polygram,
Walt Disney Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox, MGM, HBO, Nelvana Entertainment,
Artisan Entertainment, National Geographic, Bravo, Playboy and Discovery and
other studios and content providers to license new releases, library titles,
children's programming and special interest programming on terms no less
favorable than those available to PPV services. These arrangements typically
provide for title availability 30 to 60 days after release to the home video
market. License arrangements for VOD titles currently are negotiated on a
title-by-title and geographic basis. See "--Factors Affecting Operating
Results--Risks Associated with Programming Content."
DIVA has had preliminary discussions with a number of music labels and
believes that it will be able to develop a viable on-demand music video
service.* In addition, DIVA is exploring "time shifting," a new interactive
service, which may provide television programming on demand.
Manufacturing
DIVA currently outsources the manufacturing of its major system hardware
components to specialized manufacturing organizations. The Company has
subcontracted manufacturing of the DIVA Video Server and other components to
third-party manufacturers. DIVA's in-house system development and manufacturing
operations perform system engineering, write software applications and provide
quality assurance, integration, final assembly and testing for its VOD system
components.
-6-
Product Development and Competition
Product Development
The Company's engineering and development activities focus on platform and
product development and related engineering efforts to enhance DIVA's VOD system
and service offerings. These activities currently include: (i) enhancing DIVA's
VOD platform to integrate with new services being deployed by cable operators,
(ii) porting navigator software and VOD service command and control
functionality to third-party digital set-top boxes and electronic program
guides, (iii) expanding stream capacity of the DIVA Video Server, (iv)
implementing distributed network architectures for deployment in conjunction
with large regional headends, (v) migrating to MPEG-2 video encoding standards,
(vi) reducing the physical size of VOD system components located in cable
headends, (vii) integrating billing and usage information with systems supplied
by third-party cable industry billing vendors, (viii) reducing the cost of
various VOD system components, (ix) adding system functionality to support new
services such as music videos and time shifting, and (x) investigating
alternative methods of distributing encoded content to headends, including
satellite delivery.
The Company's engineering and development expenses for the period from July
1, 1995 (inception) to June 30, 1999 and the years ended June 30, 1997, 1998 and
1999 were $62.6 million, $11.8 million, $18.1 million and $24.3 million,
respectively.
Competition for VOD Services
The market for in-home video entertainment services is intensely
competitive, rapidly evolving and subject to rapid technological change. The
Company expects competition in the market for VOD services to intensify and
increase in the future.* A number of companies have announced an intention to
introduce a VOD service or deliver VOD components that might be deployed by a
video service provider. Intertainer, a company owned in part by Comcast Cable
Communications ("Comcast"), Intel Corporation ("Intel"), Sony Corp. of America
and NBC, is currently conducting trials with Comcast and US West to provide VOD
and other services over high speed networks such as ADSL (Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line) and cable modems primarily to the personal computer, but plans
to provide services to television sets in the future. It is possible that
companies currently operating overseas will adapt their technology and offer it
through high-speed networks in the United States. Elmsdale Media is currently
conducting a trial for its VOD system in Cardiff, Wales for NTL. VideoNet is
conducting a trial in Britain over telephone wires offering VOD and other
interactive services to non-paying customers and expects to start serving paying
customers in the fourth quarter of 1999. Hongkong Telecom began offering
commercial interactive services, including VOD, in March 1998. Other companies
internationally and domestically have also announced plans to provide VOD
services which vary in degree of commercial viability. There can be no assurance
that these or other companies will not provide equivalent or more attractive
capabilities that could be more acceptable to cable operators and their
subscribers.
It is also possible that competitors may form alliances, develop a
competitive VOD service and rapidly acquire significant market share. Such
competition would materially and adversely affect the Company's business,
operating results and financial condition. Companies that are or may be capable
of delivering VOD components include Concurrent Computer Corp, Celerity Systems
Inc., Mitsubishi Electronics America, Nippon Electric Corp., nCUBE, Pioneer and
its affiliates, SeaChange International, Inc., Silicon Graphics Inc., Unisys,
General Instrument, Scientific-Atlanta, Sony Corporation, Vivid Technology Inc.
and FreeLinQ Communications Corporation. Some of these competitors have
developed VOD products that have undergone tests or trials and may succeed in
obtaining market acceptance of their products more rapidly than the Company. In
addition, Time Warner Inc. previously field tested an integrated system solution
utilizing components from a number of the aforementioned entities. This trial
has since been terminated. Notwithstanding termination of its field trial in
Orlando, Time Warner Inc. has reached agreements with certain industry suppliers
for elements that might be used in designing and integrating a next generation
VOD system solution for an initial deployment in 2000. Cablevision has operated
limited trials of in-house VOD solutions. Certain of the Company's
competitors or potential competitors have developed affiliations with cable
operators or alternative distribution providers to develop services or
technologies that may be better or more cost effective than the Company's VOD
service. These services or technologies may be more attractive to cable
operators, particularly those that desire to own all hardware and software
components of the VOD service. In addition, certain of these potential
competitors are either directly or indirectly affiliated with content providers
and cable operators and could therefore materially impact the Company's ability
to sign long-term services contracts with such cable operators and obtain
content from such providers. Although the Company is pursuing joint development
efforts to port its VOD service to digital platforms that are or will be broadly
deployed in the cable industry, these third party equipment manufacturers have
the financial and technical ability to develop and sustain deployment of their
own proprietary VOD platforms. There can be no assurance that the Company will
not face competition from these suppliers or their affiliates or that they will
support the
-7-
integration of Company's VOD service with their own components. See "--Factors
Affecting Operating Results--Compliance with Industry Standards; Need to
Integrate with Set-Top Box Manufacturers."
The Company may also face competition from cable operators or other
organizations, including but not limited to the telephone companies, providers
of DBS, PPV and NVOD, cable programmers and Internet service providers, who
could provide VOD-like services through cable and alternative delivery
platforms, including the Internet, telephone lines and satellite and other
wireless services. Recent announcements of combinations of DBS services DirecTV
and the Dish Network with digital recording devices from Replay Networks and
TiVo may represent stronger competition through the ability to store and
replay broadcast programming with pause, play, fast-forward and reverse
capability. For example, the Company could encounter competition from
companies such as Microsoft/WebTV Plus, Excite@Home or video streaming
companies that in the future may be able to deliver movies over the Internet
to the television, or from consumer use of purchased or rented digital video
discs or variants thereof. In addition, the competitive environment in which
the Company will operate may inhibit its ability to offer its VOD service to
cable operators and other types of operators that compete with one another in
the same territory. A cable operator may require the Company to provide its
VOD service exclusively to such cable operator in a particular territory.
Further, cable operators themselves may offer competing services, including
increased NVOD offerings, or may be unwilling to use the Company's VOD service
and/or products exclusively. There can be no assurance that any cable operator
will commit exclusively to the Company's VOD service and/or products. In
particular, cable operators may trial a number of different alternatives. The
Company will also face competition for viewers from providers of home video
rentals, which are increasingly entering into revenue sharing arrangements
with content providers. These arrangements have resulted in a significant
increase in the number of copies available for rental and an extension in the
rental period at major video chains and, accordingly, have made home video
rentals more attractive to consumers.
Many of the Company's competitors and potential competitors have longer
operating histories, greater name recognition, and significantly greater
financial, technical, marketing and distribution resources than the Company. As
a result, they may be able to respond to new or emerging technologies and
changes in customer requirements or to devote greater resources to the
development, promotion and sale of their products and services more effectively
than the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
compete successfully against current or future competitors or that competitive
pressures faced by the Company will not materially adversely affect its
business, operating results, financial condition and its ability to achieve
sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness.
Intellectual Property
The Company's future success depends, in part, on its ability to protect
its intellectual property and maintain the proprietary nature of its technology
through a combination of patents, licenses and other intellectual property
arrangements. The Company has licensed rights to the DIVA Video Server and the
DIVA set-top decoder initially developed by Sarnoff. Sarnoff and the Company
have been awarded patents and have filed applications and intend to file
additional applications for patents covering the DIVA Video Server. Sarnoff and
the Company have filed applications for patents covering the set-top decoder,
and the Company has filed patent applications, and intends to file additional
and derivative patent applications covering the interactive service and its
technology. There can be no assurance, however, that any patents issued to
Sarnoff or the Company will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or
that the rights granted thereunder will provide proprietary protection to the
Company. Despite the efforts of Sarnoff and the Company to safeguard and
maintain these proprietary rights, there can be no assurance that the Company
will be successful in doing so or that the Company's competitors will not
independently develop or patent technologies that are substantially equivalent
or superior to the Company's technologies. From time to time, the Company has
received notices from third parties claiming infringement of certain
intellectual property rights. Although the Company does not believe it infringes
any third party's intellectual property rights, DIVA could encounter similar
claims in the future.*
Since patent applications in the U.S. are not publicly disclosed until the
patent has been issued, applications may have been filed that, if issued as
patents, would relate to the Company's products. In addition, the Company has
not conducted a comprehensive patent search relating to the technology used in
the DIVA Video Server or the Company's VOD system. The Company is subject to the
risk of claims and litigation alleging infringement of the intellectual property
rights of others. There can be no assurance that third parties will not assert
infringement claims against the Company in the future based on patents or trade
secrets or that such claims will not be successful. Parties making such claims
may be able to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief which could
effectively block the Company's ability to provide its VOD service in the U.S.
and internationally, and could result in an award of substantial damages. In the
event of a successful claim of infringement, the Company, its MSOs and other end
users may be required to obtain one or more licenses from third parties. There
can be no assurance that the Company or its customers could obtain necessary
licenses from third parties at a reasonable cost or at all. The defense of any
lawsuit could result in time consuming and expensive litigation regardless of
the merits of such claims, and damages, license fees, royalty payments and
restrictions on the Company's ability to provide its
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VOD services or products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, operating results, financial condition and its ability
to achieve sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness.
Employees
As of August 31, 1999, DIVA had 258 employees. None of DIVA's employees are
currently represented by a labor union. DIVA believes that its relationship with
its employees is good.
Item 2. Properties
The Company's principal facilities are located in Redwood City, California,
where the Company currently leases approximately 82,000 square feet. The term of
this lease runs through June 1, 2007 with two five-year renewal options. In
addition, the Company currently leases 4,433 square feet of office space in King
of Prussia, Pennsylvania, which directly supports the Philadelphia operations.
This lease expires in December 1999. DIVA also leases 22,600 square feet of
office space in Princeton, New Jersey. The term of the lease runs through
November 1, 2001 with two five-year renewal options.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company is not a part to any material litigation at the present time.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Not applicable.
-9-
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder
Matters
There is no established public market trading market for the Company's
Common Stock. As of June 30, 1999 there were approximately 227 holders of record
of the Company's Common Stock and approximately 171 holders of record of the
Company's Preferred Stock.
The Company has not paid any dividends since its inception and does not
intend to pay any dividends on its capital stock in the foreseeable future. The
Company anticipates that it will retain all future earnings, if any, for use in
its operations and expansion of the business. In addition, the terms of the
indenture agreement related to the Company's 12-5/8% Senior Discount Notes due
2008 restrict the Company's ability to pay dividends on, or make distributions
in respect of its capital stock.
During the year ended June 30, 1999, the Company issued and sold an
aggregate of 267,420 and 10,700 shares of Common Stock to employees and
consultants for an aggregate purchase price of $279,575 and $25,680 pursuant to
exercises of options under its 1995 Stock Plan and its 1998 Stock Plan,
respectively. These issuances were deemed exempt from registration under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance upon Rule 701 promulgated
thereunder.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data:
Year Ended June 30,
------------------------------------------------- Period from
1997 1998 1999 July 1, 1995
------------ ------------ ------------ (inception) to
(in thousands, except per share data) June 30, 1999
----------------
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue ............................................. $ -- $ 82 $ 293 $ 375
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Operating Expenses:
Programming ....................................... 4,020 5,370 8,159 17,830
Operations ........................................ 1,340 4,542 8,162 14,044
Engineering and development ....................... 11,763 18,070 24,321 62,589
Sales and marketing ............................... 2,960 4,384 5,707 14,122
General and administrative ........................ 3,673 8,552 16,581 30,288
Depreciation and amortization ..................... 891 5,261 19,127 25,310
Amortization of intangible assets ................. -- 45 178 223
Acquired in-process research and development (1) .. 4,061 24,321 -- 28,382
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Total operating expenses ............................ 28,708 70,545 82,235 192,788
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Operating loss ...................................... 28,708 70,463 81,942 192,413
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Other (income) expense, net:
Equity in (income) loss of investee ................. 2,080 1,631 -- 3,354
Interest income ..................................... (410) (5,632) (8,645) (14,752)
Interest expense .................................... 3,590 13,730 33,967 51,682
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Total other (income) expense, net ................... 5,260 9,729 25,322 40,284
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Net loss before extraordinary item .................. 33,968 80,192 107,264 232,697
Extraordinary loss--early extinguishment of debt .... -- 10,676 -- 10,676
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Net loss ............................................ $ 33,968 $ 90,868 $ 107,264 $ 243,373
Accretion of redeemable warrants .................... 91 763 969 1,823
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Net loss attributable to common stockholders ........ $ 34,059 $ 91,631 $ 108,233 $ 245,196
========= ========= ========= =========
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Loss before extraordinary item ...................... $ 2.22 $ 4.92 $ 6.31 $ 15.68
Extraordinary loss--early extinguishment of debt .... -- 0.65 -- 0.71
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Net loss ............................................ $ 2.22 $ 5.57 $ 6.31 $ 16.39
========= ========= ========= =========
Shares used in per share computations ............... 15,316 16,447 17,147 14,952
========= ========= ========= =========
-10-
Year Ended June 30,
---------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
---------- ---------- ----------
(in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments ........... $ 234 $ 197,564 $ 130,737
Property and equipment, net .................................. 7,063 19,349 9,792
Total assets ................................................. 16,408 228,205 154,264
Long-term debt ............................................... 28,440 243,031 275,564
Redeemable warrants .......................................... 376 1,139 2,108
Total stockholders' deficit .................................. (16,281) (20,312) (127,413)
-11-
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of
operations of the Company should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated
Financial Statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties, including but not limited to, certain assumptions regarding
increases in customers, revenues and certain expenses. Forward-looking
statements are identified with an asterisk (*) and reflect the Company's current
expectations. Although the Company believes that its plans, intentions and
expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can
give no assurance that such plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved.
Actual results will differ and such differences may be material. All
forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or persons acting on its
behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements
set forth below and in "--Factors Affecting Operating Results."
Overview
The Company was founded in July 1995 and is still in the development stage.
Since inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its resources to
developing its VOD system, establishing strategic relationships, negotiating
deployment agreements, carrying out initial marketing activities and
establishing the operations necessary to support the commercial launch of the
Company's VOD service. Through June 30, 1999, the Company has generated minimal
revenues, has incurred significant losses and has substantial negative cash
flow, primarily due to the engineering and development and start-up costs
required to develop its VOD service. Since inception through June 30, 1999, the
Company had an accumulated deficit of $243.4 million. The Company currently
intends to increase its operating expenses and its capital expenditures in order
to continue to deploy, develop and market its VOD products and services*. As a
result, the Company expects to incur substantial additional net losses and
negative cash flow for at least the next several years.*
Prior to April 1, 1998, the Company held approximately 40% of the stock of
SRTC. On that date, the Company acquired the remaining 60% of the issued and
outstanding stock of SRTC in exchange for 3,277,539 shares of Series AA
Preferred Stock valued at $6.50 per share and the assumption of all outstanding
SRTC stock options.
The Company accounted for the merger as a purchase, and, accordingly, the
operating results of SRTC have been included in the Company's Consolidated
Financial Statements since the date of acquisition. Approximately $535,000 of
the purchase price was allocated to intangible assets and $24.3 million has been
allocated to acquired in-process research and development for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1998. See "Results of Operations--Operating Expenses--Acquired
In-Process Research and Development Expenses" and Note 3 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Results of Operations
Since its inception, the Company has engaged primarily in technology
development and activities related to the startup of business operations.
Accordingly, the Company's historical revenues and expenditures are not
necessarily indicative of, and should not be relied upon as an indicator of,
revenues that may be attained or expenditures that may be incurred by the
Company in future periods.
Revenues
Currently, revenues consist of per-movie viewing fees, monthly service
fees and the sale of monthly subscription packages. The majority of revenues
consist of per-movie viewing fees paid by customers to view movies on demand.
The Company initiated the commercial launch of its VOD service on September
29, 1997. As of June 30, 1999, the Company's VOD service was deployed at six
MSO locations. Revenue for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1998 ("Fiscal
1998") and June 30, 1999 ("Fiscal 1999") was $82,000 and $293,000,
respectively. The Company realizes monthly revenue pursuant to deployment
agreements with MSOs only when its VOD system is successfully integrated and
operating and customer billing commences. Generally, the timing and extent of
deployment under each agreement is conditioned on a successful initial
deployment phase, followed by a larger rollout in the applicable MSO system
based on an agreed upon schedule.
Effective in Fiscal 2000, the Company offers for sale VOD products such
as the Video Server and DDL as well as licenses its DSM software. In addition,
the Company will provide operational support services including content
acquisition and management, engineering services, billing and navigator
services at the option of the MSO. As a result, VOD product and service
revenues will differ significantly in timing and in amount when compared to
the previous mix of revenues which primarily resulted from monthly per-movie
fees. The Company believes that under this new business model, revenues will
fluctuate significantly from period to period and its success will depend on a
number of factors including the Company's ability to commercially deploy its VOD
products and services in a significant number of large headend locations.*
-12-
See "--Factors Affecting Operating Results - Uncertainty of Future Revenues;
Fluctuating Operating Results and Dependence on Cable Operator Participation;
Consolidation in Cable System Ownership; Unproven Business Models".
Operating Expenses
Programming expense. Programming expense includes license fees payable to
content providers, costs for the acquisition and production of digitally encoded
programming content (i.e. movies, videos, previews, promotions, etc.) and
content duplication and distribution expenses. Programming expense was $4.0
million, $5.4 million and $8.2 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1997
("Fiscal 1997"), Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal 1999, respectively. The increase in
programming expenses was primarily attributable to the Company's multiple
commercial deployments, including the coding of content in both the MPEG 1 and
MPEG 2 format, and an increase in the overall volume of programming content in
the Company's library. Additionally, the Company has experienced increased
personnel costs in the area of program acquisition and program production
services.
Operations Expense. Operations expense includes the cost of field
operations, both for initial launches and for the ongoing operations of the
Company's VOD service. These costs include technical support, customer service
training, installation and launch support, maintenance costs for headend
equipment and other field support costs. In addition, operations expense
includes personnel and other costs which support the Company's ongoing
manufacturing relationships with third-party manufacturers for the Company's
Video Server and other VOD hardware. Operations expense was $1.3 million, $4.5
million and $8.2 million for Fiscal 1997, Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal 1999,
respectively. The increase in operations expense between Fiscal 1997, Fiscal
1998 and Fiscal 1999 was primarily the result of increased personnel costs in
both the operations and manufacturing areas as the Company commercially launched
its VOD service and increased its manufacturing activities related to the
production of the Company's VOD service and related head-end equipment as well
as prototype set-top boxes. Included in the increase was the expansion in
personnel and facilities of the Company's network operating center in King of
Prussia, Pennsylvania.
Engineering and Development Expense. Engineering and development expense
consists of salaries, consulting fees and other costs to support product
development, prototype hardware costs, ongoing system software and integration
and new services technology. To date, the most substantial portion of the
Company's operating expenses has been engineering and development expense.
Engineering and development expense was $11.8 million, $18.1 million and $24.3
million for Fiscal 1997, Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal 1999, respectively. The increase
in engineering and development expense was attributable to the hiring of
additional engineering and development personnel and outside consultants in
connection with the Company's further development and refinement of its VOD
technology, including activities directed toward reducing the cost of its
technology. In addition, the Company has dedicated significant engineering and
development resources toward the integration of its VOD technology with various
industry adopted two-way digital platforms, including digital set-top boxes.
Included in engineering and development expense for Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal 1999
was approximately $11.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively in prototype
set-top box costs and server development expenses. Additional engineering and
development expenses of $1.6 million and $6.6 million in Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal
1999, respectively, were attributable to the consolidation of engineering and
development expenditures from SRTC subsequent to completion of the acquisition
of SRTC. The Company intends to increase engineering and development expenses to
fund continued development and enhancements of its VOD products and services.*
The Company believes significant investments in engineering and development will
be necessary to remain competitive and to respond to market pressures.*
Sales and Marketing Expense. Sales and marketing expense consists of the
costs of marketing the Company's VOD products and services to MSOs and their
customers and includes business development and marketing personnel, travel
expenses, trade shows, consulting fees and promotional costs. In addition, sales
and marketing expense includes direct costs related to acquiring customers, such
as telemarketing, direct mailings, targeted advertising and promotional
campaigns. Sales and marketing expense was $3.0 million, $4.4 million and $5.7
million for Fiscal 1997, Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal 1999, respectively. The primary
items contributing to the increase in marketing expense were the hiring of
additional personnel, promotional expenditures in connection with the Company's
recent commercial deployments and continued business development activities
(including participation in industry trade shows and exhibits in Fiscal 1998 and
Fiscal 1999) and product management costs. The Company expects sales and
marketing expense to continue to increase as the Company pursues and enters into
new agreements.*
General and Administrative Expense. General and administrative expense
consists primarily of salaries and related expenses of management and
administrative personnel, professional fees and general corporate and
administrative expenses. General and administrative expense covers a broad range
of the Company's infrastructure including corporate functions such
-13-
as executive administration, finance, legal, human resources, international
business development and facilities. In addition, general and administrative
expense includes costs associated with the development, support and growth of
the Company's complex information system infrastructure.
General and administrative expense was $3.7 million, $8.6 million and $16.6
million for Fiscal 1997, Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal 1999, respectively. Overall,
general and administrative expense has increased as a direct result of the
growth of the Company in all phases of its operations. The increase in general
and administrative expense between Fiscal 1997, Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal 1999
relates primarily to increased personnel from 20 full-time employees at June 30,
1997 to 35 full-time employees at June 30, 1998 and to 49 full-time employees at
June 30, 1999. In addition to the increase in personnel related expenses, the
increase in general and administrative expense in Fiscal 1999 compared to Fiscal
1998 is the result of $1.5 million in recruiting related expenses (of which $1.1
million was in connection with the Company's hiring of a new President and Chief
Executive Officer), $1.0 million in compensation expense, $500,000 in increased
legal and patent related expenses and $400,000 in international business
development expenses, including the opening of an office in the United Kingdom.
Additional general and administrative expenses of $1.4 million in Fiscal 1999
were attributable to the consolidation of general and administrative expenses
from SRTC subsequent to the completion of the acquisition of SRTC. There were no
comparable expenses for Fiscal 1998. General and administrative expense is
expected to increase substantially in order to support expansion of the
Company's business.*
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense
includes depreciation of property and equipment, including DIVA Video Servers
and other headend hardware. Generally, depreciation is calculated using the
straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range
from three to five years. Depreciation and amortization expense was $891,000,
$5.3 million and $19.1 million for Fiscal 1997, Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal 1999,
respectively. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense in Fiscal
1998 was the result of the Company's commercial deployments and the resulting
increase in VOD servers and related headend equipment placed in service as well
as an overall increase in general capital equipment used in other phases of the
Company's operations. The significant increase in deprecation and amortization
expense in Fiscal 1999 is primarily the result of a write-down of approximately
$9.1 million related to older, prototype DIVA Video Servers and other server
related hardware and components. This charge is the result of a change in the
Company's business model which occurred in the fourth quarter of Fiscal 1999.
Depreciation and amortization expense is expected to continue to increase due to
planned expenditures for capital equipment and other capital costs associated
with the deployment and expansion of the Company's business.*
Acquired In-Process Research and Development Expense. During Fiscal 1997,
the Company acquired Norstar Multimedia, Inc. ("Norstar") for $4.1 million,
consisting of 857,370 shares of the Company's Class C Common Stock and cash
consideration of $3.4 million. In connection with the Norstar acquisition, the
Company wrote off acquired in-process research and development expenses of $4.1
million as a charge to operations for Fiscal 1997 since the Norstar technology
acquired had not reached technological feasibility and there was no future
alternative use for this technology.
In April 1998, the Company acquired in a stock-for-stock acquisition the
60% of the issued and outstanding stock of SRTC not already owned by the
Company. The Company issued 3,277,539 shares of Series AA Preferred Stock and
assumed all outstanding SRTC stock options. The Company accounted for the merger
as a purchase, and, accordingly, the operating results of SRTC have been
included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements since April 1, 1998.
As a result of the SRTC acquisition, the Company allocated $535,000 to
intangible assets and $24.3 million to acquired in-process research and
development expenses as a charge to operations for Fiscal 1998.
In connection with the acquisition of SRTC, the Company analyzed the
intangible assets acquired. As a result of this analysis, two key intangibles,
server technology under development and existing assembled workforce, were
identified. The method used to estimate the fair market value of certain assets
was the cost approach. This approach is based on the theory that a prudent
investor would pay no more than the cost of constructing a similar asset of like
utility at prices applicable at the time of appraisal. The cost approach is
often used to value an early stage technology, or non income-generating asset.
Given that the server is in the early development stage, the cost approach was
used to value the server technology and the assembled workforce. In employing
the cost approach, the Company first identified the historical costs incurred by
SRTC in developing the VOD server. Then, these costs were adjusted upward by 5%
to reflect an inflation/wage adjustment factor. Additionally, the total costs
were reduced by at 15% efficiency factor to represent development savings based
on the knowledge and experience of SRTC personnel as of the current date. Such
costs totaled $24.3 million.
At the time of the acquisition, the server technology was still in
development. Although prototypes of the server had been integrated in the
Company's VOD service and deployed in limited commercial trials, it was not of a
scale for widespread commercial deployment. Accordingly, the server technology
was not expected to generate significant revenue for the Company and had no
future alternative use at the time. The Company intended to expend significant
resources to
-14-
develop the server technology. In connection with the server technology the
Company identified two major significant development programs:
The first program includes redesigning the hardware and the software in
order to significantly reduce the cost of the current VOD server. The Company
has determined that to achieve widespread commercial deployments, it must
significantly reduce the cost per stream. Additionally, the Company embarked on
a development plan to reduce the footprint of the server by at least 20%
and reprogram hundreds of thousands of lines of code to more efficiently utilize
the data. This development effort includes writing new storage algorithms and
ISR code (improving the way the data is read), rewriting the buffer code, using
more DRAM memory, employing fiber optic technology for remote access and
developing other technology features. The new server represents a significant
redesign, and there are significant risk factors regarding its technological
feasibility. The first version of the new server product was introduced in mid
1999 and will be upgraded periodically thereafter. The Company spent
approximately $5.5 million for this server development in Fiscal 1999 and
expects to spend approximately $2.5 million in Fiscal 2000.*
The second program involves development of a completely new hardware and
software architecture for the server component used in the Company's VOD service
network. This version of the Company's VOD server is expected to use
industry-standard microprocessors and electronic circuit boards and chassis. In
addition, the Company will use a commercially available real time operating
system. The Company will also need to integrate the VOD application with this
VOD server. The second-generation server is planned to be modular to allow for
more effective scaling of server capacity and to provide improved fault
handling. Although this next generation server is expected to employ
commercially available hardware and software as a basis for the platform, it
will require substantial research and development to combine the hardware and
software components into a commercially available operating system.* Many of the
concepts and technologies the Company will be employing are new and have little
or no previous commercial history. The Company spent approximately $2.7 million
in Fiscal 1999 and expects to spend approximately $6.0 million on this VOD
server development for Fiscal 2000.*
The Company expects development of this next version of the Company's VOD
server to be substantially completed by the second half of Fiscal 2000.* The
completion of the aforementioned development programs by the second half of 2000
is key to the widespread commercial deployment of the Company's VOD service. The
risks of completing the development effort were significant as of April 1, 1998.
Should the Company be unable to complete the development of the technology
acquired, the Company's ability to enter into long-term contracts with cable
operators to provide an economical, commercially viable VOD service would be
greatly impaired. Failure to successfully develop these projects could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results, financial
condition and its ability to generate sufficient cash flow to service its
indebtedness.
The Company retained substantially all of SRTC's existing personnel, and as
a result the Company valued the assembled workforce using the cost approach.
This approach assigned costs to acquire and train the existing workforce on a
fully burdened basis of approximately $535,000 for the remaining 60% ownership.
Other Income and Expense
Other income and expense primarily consists of interest income and interest
expense and equity in income of SRTC. Interest income consists of earnings on
cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Interest income was $410,000,
$5.6 million and $8.6 million for Fiscal 1997, Fiscal 1998 and Fiscal 1999,
respectively. The increase in interest income is the result of increased cash
and cash equivalents balances which are invested in short-term interest bearing
accounts and an increase in short-term investments. Interest expense consisted
primarily of accreted interest on the Company's outstanding debt. Interest
expense increased substantially from $3.6 million for Fiscal 1997 to $13.7
million in Fiscal 1998 and to $34.0 million in Fiscal 1999 and is expected to
continue to increase in Fiscal 2000.* The increase in interest expense was due
to the significant increase in the Company's debt as a result of the offering of
the Company's 12-5/8% Senior Discount Notes due 2008 (the "1998 Notes") which
was completed on February 19, 1998. The 1998 Notes were issued at a substantial
discount from their aggregate principal amount at maturity of $463.0 million.
Although cash interest is not payable on the 1998 Notes prior to September 1,
2003, the Company's interest expense includes the accretion of such interest
expense. The carrying amount of the 1998 Notes will accrete to its face value by
March 1, 2003. Beginning September 1, 2003, cash interest will be payable on the
notes semi-annually in arrears on each March 1st and September 1st at a rate of
12 5/8% per annum.
-15-
In February 1998, the Company's Subordinated Discount Notes due 2006 (the
"1996 Notes") were exchanged for a portion of the 1998 Notes. See "--Liquidity
and Capital Resources." In connection with this exchange, the Company recorded
an extraordinary loss of approximately $10.7 million ($0.65 per share),
consisting primarily of a cash premium paid to holders of the 1996 Notes,
resulting from the exchange of the 1996 Notes. This charge was included in the
net loss for Fiscal 1998.
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company has not provided for or paid federal income taxes due to the
Company's net losses.
As of June 30, 1999, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of
approximately $152.3 million to offset future income subject to federal income
taxes and $82.0 million available to offset future California taxable income. As
of June 30, 1999, the Company had $6.5 million in net operating losses to offset
future New Jersey taxable income. The extent to which such loss carryforwards
can be used to offset future taxable income may be limited because of ownership
changes pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
From inception through June 30, 1999, the Company has financed its
operations primarily through the gross proceeds of private placements totaling
approximately $76.3 million of equity and $250.0 million of high yield debt
securities, net of repayments. As of June 30, 1999, the Company had cash and
cash equivalents and short-term investments totaling $130.7 million.
In May 1996, the Company received $25.0 million in gross proceeds from the
sale of 47,000 units, consisting of 1996 Notes with an aggregate principal
amount at maturity of $47.0 million and warrants to purchase an aggregate of
1,898,800 shares of Common Stock. Aggregate proceeds of $285,000 were attributed
to these warrants. In connection with the offering of the 1998 Notes, the
Company subsequently retired all of the 1996 Notes in a debt exchange.
In July and August 1996, the Company completed the sale of Series C
Preferred Stock for approximately $25.9 million in gross proceeds.
In August and September 1997, the Company completed the sale of Series D
Preferred Stock for approximately $47.4 million in gross proceeds.
On February 19, 1998, the Company received $250.0 million in gross proceeds
from an offering of 463,000 units consisting of 1998 Notes with an aggregate
principal amount at maturity of $463.0 million and warrants to purchase an
aggregate of 2,778,000 shares of Common Stock. Of these units, a total of
404,998 units were offered for sale and an additional 58,002 units were
exchanged for all the 1996 Notes. Each unit consists of one 1998 Note and three
warrants each exercisable to purchase two shares of the Company's Common Stock
at $0.005 per share. The 1998 Notes are senior unsecured indebtedness of the
Company, and rank pari passu with any future unsubordinated unsecured
indebtedness. The 1998 Notes will be senior to any future subordinated
indebtedness of the Company, but effectively will be subordinated to any secured
indebtedness of the Company.
The 1998 Notes were issued at a substantial discount from their aggregate
principal amount at maturity of $463.0 million. Although cash interest is not
payable on the 1998 Notes prior to September 1, 2003, the Company's interest
expense includes the accretion of such interest expense and the carrying amount
of the 1998 Notes will accrete to face value by March 1, 2003. Beginning
September 1, 2003, cash interest will be payable on the notes semi-annually in
arrears on each March 1 and September 1 at the rate of 12-5/8% per annum. There
are no principal payments due on the 1998 Notes prior to maturity on March 1,
2008.
The gross proceeds to the Company from the issuance of the 1998 Notes were
approximately $250.0 million. In connection with the offering, the Company
allocated approximately $18.1 million of the proceeds to the warrants. The net
proceeds from the offering of the 1998 Notes were approximately $200.0 million,
after deducting placement fees and other offering costs, the extinguishment of
the 1996 Notes and a premium paid in connection with the early extinguishment of
the 1996 Notes.
The Company expects to incur significant capital expenditures and operating
expenses in the future.* Capital expenditures include DIVA Video Servers, DDLs
and other related headend equipment, inventory, and general capital expenditures
associated with the anticipated growth of the Company. The amount of capital
expenditures will, in part, be
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driven by the rate at which cable operators introduce the Company's VOD products
and services. In addition to capital expenditures, the Company anticipates
expending a significant portion of its resources for sales and marketing,
continued development and enhancement of its VOD technology, development of new
services and other expenses associated with the delivery of its VOD service.*
Actual capital requirements may vary from expectations and will depend on
numerous future factors and conditions, many of which are outside of the
Company's control, including, but not limited to (i) the ability of the Company
to meet its platform development and product integration schedules; (ii) the
accuracy of the Company's assumptions regarding the rate and extent of
commercial deployment and market acceptance of its VOD products and services;
(iii) the number and timing of VOD product sales, license and service agreements
with cable operators; (iv) the nature and cable operator acceptance of new
products and services to be offered by the Company; (v) unanticipated costs; and
(vi) the need to respond to competitive pressures and technological changes. The
Company may also use a portion of its cash resources to purchase some of its
outstanding indebtedness in the open market from time to time depending on
market conditions. The Company believes that its cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments at June 30, 1999 will be sufficient to satisfy the
Company's liquidity at least through the end of calendar 2000.* Thereafter, the
Company will need to raise significant additional funds to support its
operations. However, the Company may need to raise additional funds earlier if
its estimates of working capital and/or capital expenditure requirements change
or prove to be inaccurate. The Company may also need to raise significant
additional funds in order to respond to unforeseen technological or marketing
hurdles or to take advantage of unanticipated opportunities. The Company has no
present commitments or arrangements assuring it of any future equity or debt
financing, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain
any such equity or debt financing on favorable terms or at all. In the event
that the Company is unable to obtain such additional capital, the Company will
be required to delay the expansion of its business or take other actions that
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operation
results, financial condition and its ability to achieve sufficient cash flow to
service its indebtedness. To the extent the Company raises additional cash by
issuing equity securities, existing stockholders of the Company will be diluted.
Financial Market Risks
The Company is exposed to financial market risks, including changes in
interest rates and marketable equity security prices. The Company typically does
not attempt to reduce or eliminate its market exposures on its investment
securities because the majority of the Company's investments are short-term.
The fair value of the Company's investment portfolio or related income
would not be significantly impacted by either a 100 basis point increase or
decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short-term nature of the major
portion of the Company's investment portfolio.
All of the potential changes noted above are based on sensitivity analysis
preformed on the Company's balances as of June 30, 1999.
Year 2000 Compliance
Many computer systems and software and electronic products are coded to
accept only two-digit entries in the date code field. These date code fields
will need to accept four digit entries to distinguish 21st century dates from
20th century dates. As a result, computer systems and software ("IT Systems")
and other property and equipment not directly associated with information and
billing systems ("Non-IT Systems"), such as phones, other office equipment used
by many companies, including the Company and MSOs, may need to be upgraded,
repaired or replaced to comply with such "Year 2000" requirements.
The Company has conducted an internal review of most of its internal IT
Systems, including finance, human resources, Intranet applications and payroll
systems. The Company has contacted most of the vendors of its internal IT
Systems to determine potential exposure to Year 2000 issues and has obtained
certificates from such vendors assuring Year 2000 compliance. Although the
Company has determined that most of its principal internal corporate
headquarters IT Systems are Year 2000 compliant, certain of such internal
systems, including the Company's Windows NT operating system and internal
networking systems are not Year 2000 compliant or have not been evaluated by the
Company. In addition, the Company has tested and analyzed its proprietary VOD
hardware and software for Year 2000 compliance. The Company has recently
determined that certain of its earlier VOD server technology currently in
several of the initial limited commercial trials is not Year 2000 compliant. The
Company expects to retire, upgrade or replace such VOD server technology with
Year 2000 compliant technology by the end of calendar 1999.* To date, costs to
the Company of Year 2000 compliance related to its proprietary VOD hardware and
software have been included with the Company's overall engineering and
development activities as a component of the overall design of the Company's VOD
service. Such costs have not been material to the Company's financial position
or results of operations.
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The Company has appointed a task force (the "Task Force") to oversee Year
2000 issues. To date, the Company has spent an immaterial amount to remediate
its Year 2000 issues. The Company presently estimates that the total cost of
addressing its Year 2000 issues will be immaterial.* These estimates were
derived utilizing numerous assumptions, including the assumption that it has
already identified its most significant Year 2000 issues and that the plans of
its third-party suppliers and MSOs which currently deploy the Company's VOD
service will be fulfilled in a timely manner without cost to the Company.
However, these assumptions may not be accurate, and actual results could differ
materially from those anticipated.
The Company has been informed by most of its suppliers and MSOs that
currently deploy its VOD service that such suppliers and MSOs will be Year 2000
compliant by the Year 2000. The Company has been informed that the companies
that perform billing services for MSOs may not be fully Year 2000 compliant. The
Company understands that these companies have devoted resources to becoming Year
2000 compliant. Any failure of these third parties systems to achieve timely
Year 2000 compliance could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, operating results, financial condition and its ability to generate
sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness.
The Company has not determined the state of compliance of certain
third-party suppliers of services such as phone companies, long distance
carriers, financial institutions and electric companies, the failure of any of
the which could severely disrupt the Company's ability to carry on its business
as well as disrupt the business of the Company's customers.
Failure to provide Year 2000 compliant business solutions to MSOs or to
receive such business solutions from its suppliers could result in liability to
the Company or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. The Company
could be affected through disruptions in the operation of the enterprises with
which it interacts or from general widespread problems or an economic crisis
resulting from noncompliant Year 2000 systems. Despite the Company's efforts to
address the Year 2000 effect on its internal systems and business operations,
such effect could result in a material disruption of its business or have a
material adverse effect on its business, operating results, financial condition
and its ability to achieve sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness. The
Company has not developed a contingency plan to respond to any of the foregoing
consequences of internal and external failures to be Year 2000, but expects the
Task Force to develop such a plan.
Recent Account Pronouncements
In June 1998, SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities" was issued. SFAS No. 133 establishes accounting and
reporting standards for derivative instruments, hedging activities, and exposure
definition. SFAS No. 133 requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as
either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position and measure
those instruments at fair value. The Statement is effective for all fiscal
quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. Earlier application of
the Statement is permitted. The Company does not expect it to have a material
impact on its consolidated results of operations or financial position.
In March 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
(AICPA) issued Statement of Position ("SOP") No. 98-1, "Software for Internal
Use," which provides guidance on accounting for the cost of computer software
developed or obtained for internal use. SOP No. 98-1 is effective for financial
statements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998. The Company does
not expect that the adoption of SOP No. 98-1 will have a material impact on its
consolidated financial statements.
In April 1998, the AICPA issued SOP No. 98-5, "Reporting on the Costs of
Start-Up Activities," which provides guidance on the financial reporting of
start-up costs and organization costs. It requires costs of start-up activities
and organization costs to be expensed as incurred. SOP No. 98-5 is effective for
financial statements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998. The
Company does not expect that the adoption of SOP 98-5 will have a material
impact on its consolidated financial statements.
Factors Affecting Operating Results
Substantial Leverage; Ability to Service Indebtedness; Restrictive
Covenants
As a result of the issuance of the 1998 Notes, the Company is highly
leveraged. As of June 30, 1999, the Company had total debt of approximately
$276.0 million, accreting to $463.0 million in 2003. The Company believes its
existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at June 30, 1999 will
be sufficient to meet its cash requirements at least through the end of calendar
year 2000.* Thereafter, the Company will require substantial additional capital
to fund operating deficits, the
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continued development and enhancement of its VOD system and working capital and
other expenditures in connection with commercial deployment of its system. See
"-- Substantial Future Capital Requirements." As a result, the Company expects
that it will continue to have substantial indebtedness.* The degree to which the
Company is leveraged could have important consequences to the Company and its
investors, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) the Company's
ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital,
operating expense in connection with system deployments, development and
enhancement of its VOD system, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other
general corporate purposes may be materially limited or impaired; (ii) the
Company's cash flow, if any, will not be available for the Company's business
because a substantial portion of the Company's cash flow must be dedicated to
the payment of principal and interest on its indebtedness; (iii) the terms of
future permitted indebtedness may limit the Company's ability to redeem the 1998
Notes in the event of a Change of Control (as defined); and (iv) the Company's
high degree of leverage may make it more vulnerable to economic downturns, may
limit its ability to withstand competitive pressures and may reduce its
flexibility in responding to changing business and economic conditions.
The ability of the Company to make scheduled debt service payments
(including with respect to the 1998 Notes) will depend upon the Company's
ability to achieve significant and sustained growth in its cash from operations
and to complete necessary additional financings. The Company's ability to
generate sufficient cash from operations is dependent upon, among other things,
the market acceptance of its VOD products and services; the Company's ability to
successfully continue the development and enhancement of its VOD system,
including compatibility with evolving industry standards as they are defined;
the future operating performance of the Company; integration of its digital
products and services with those provided by major cable industry suppliers; the
Company's ability to obtain broad distribution of its products and services to
MSOs and the rate of and success of commercial deployment of its VOD system. The
Company expects that it will continue to generate substantial operating losses
and negative cash flow for at least the next several years.* No assurance can be
given that the Company will be successful in achieving and maintaining a level
of cash from operations sufficient to permit it to pay the principal, premium,
if any, and interest on its indebtedness. If the Company is unable to generate
sufficient cash from operations to service its indebtedness, it may have to
forego or delay development and enhancement of its VOD system and service,
restructure or refinance its indebtedness or seek additional equity capital or
debt financing. There can be no assurance that (i) any such strategy could be
effected on satisfactory terms, if at all, in light of the Company's high
leverage or (ii) any such strategy would yield sufficient proceeds to service
the Company's indebtedness, including the 1998 Notes. Any failure by the Company
to satisfy its obligations with respect to the 1998 Notes or any other
indebtedness could result in a default under the Indenture and could cause a
default under agreements governing other indebtedness of the Company. In the
event of such a default, the holders of such indebtedness would have enforcement
rights, including the right to accelerate such debt and the right to commence an
involuntary bankruptcy proceeding against the Company. Absent a certain level of
successful commercial deployment of its VOD service, ongoing technical
development and enhancement of its VOD system and significant growth of its cash
flow, the Company will not be able to service its indebtedness.
The indenture governing the 1998 Notes (the "Indenture") imposes operating
and financial restrictions on the Company and its subsidiaries. These
restrictions will affect, and in certain cases significantly limit or prohibit,
among other things, the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur
additional indebtedness, create liens upon assets, apply the proceeds from the
disposal of assets, make investments, make dividend payments and other
distributions on capital stock and redeem capital stock. There can be no
assurance that such covenants will not adversely affect the Company's ability to
finance its future operations or to engage in other business activities that may
be in the interest of the Company. However, the limitations in the Indenture
will be subject to a number of important qualifications and exceptions. In
particular, while the Indenture will restrict the Company's ability to incur
indebtedness by requiring that specified leverage ratios are met, it will permit
the Company and its subsidiaries to incur substantial indebtedness (which may be
secured indebtedness), without regard to such ratios, to finance the acquisition
of equipment, inventory or network assets or to finance or support working
capital and operating expenditures for its business.
Substantial Future Capital Requirements
The Company will require substantial additional funds for the continued
development of its VOD system and the sale, license and provision of underlying
products and services. As of June 30, 1999, the Company had approximately $130.7
million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. From inception
until June 30, 1999, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $243.4 million.
The Company has made significant investments in working capital and capital
expenditures in order to fund development activities, commercially deploy its
VOD service, sell its products and services and fund operations. The Company
expects to continue to make significant investments in working capital in order
to continue these activities under its evolving business model until such time,
if at all, as the Company begins to generate positive cash flows from
operations.* The Company expects that its cash flow from operating and investing
activities will be increasingly negative over at least the next several years.*
The Company believes that its existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term
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investments at June 30, 1999 will be sufficient to meet its working capital and
capital expenditure requirements at least through the end of calendar year
2000.* Thereafter, the Company will require substantial additional capital to
fund operating deficits, the continued development and enhancement of its VOD
system, working capital and other operating expenditures that support commercial
deployments of its VOD system. However, the Company may need to raise additional
funds earlier if its estimates of working capital and/or capital expenditure
requirements change or prove to be inaccurate. The Company may also need to
raise significant additional funds in order to respond to unforeseen
technological or marketing hurdles or to take advantage of unanticipated
opportunities. Actual capital requirements may vary from expectations and will
depend on numerous future factors and conditions, many of which are outside of
the Company's control, including, but not limited to (i) the ability of the
Company to meet its platform development and product integration schedules; (ii)
the accuracy of the Company's assumptions regarding the rate and extent of
commercial deployment and market acceptance of its VOD products and services;
(iii) the number and timing of VOD product sales, license and service agreements
with cable operators; (iv) the nature and cable operator acceptance of new
products and services to be offered by the Company; (v) unanticipated costs; and
(vi) the need to respond to competitive pressures and technological changes. The
Company has no present commitments or arrangements assuring it of any future
equity or debt financing, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be
able to obtain any such equity or debt financing on favorable terms or at all.
In the event that the Company is unable to obtain such additional capital, the
Company will be required to delay the expansion of its business or take other
actions that could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
operating results, financial condition and its ability to achieve sufficient
cash flow to service its indebtedness.
Development Stage Company; Limited Revenues; History of Losses
The Company is a development stage company with limited commercial
operating history, having commercially deployed its VOD service on a limited
basis beginning in September 1997. The Company has incurred substantial net
losses since inception through June 30, 1999 of approximately $243.4 million.
The Company expects to continue to incur substantial losses and experience
substantial negative cash flow for at least the next several years as it
continues to develop its VOD service capability and sell and license its
products and services.* The Company's limited operating history makes the
prediction of future operating results difficult or impossible. Through June 30,
1999, the Company recognized revenues of approximately $375,000. The Company
does not expect to generate any substantial revenues unless and until its VOD
service is deployed at a significant number of additional cable headend
locations.*
The Company's prospects should be considered in light of the risks,
expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in their early
stage of development, particularly companies in new and rapidly evolving
markets. The Company's future success depends in part on its ability to
accomplish a number of objectives, including, but not limited to (i) entering
into agreements for broad distribution of its products and services to MSOs;
(ii) integrating its digital platform and software with other digital
applications and services selected by the cable operator, including integration
of set-top boxes, headend components and electronic program guides; (iii)
modifying its headend equipment and headend equipment provided by cable industry
suppliers and further integration of all such headend equipment and related
systems in order to achieve cost reductions and reduce physical space
requirements for widespread VOD deployment in a large number of headends; (iv)
completing further technical development of the Video Server, DDL and other VOD
system components in order to reduce their cost of manufacture; (v) modifying
the Video Server, other system components and service software to enable
enhanced functionality, such as music videos and time-shifting; (vi) continued
scaling of its VOD system solution for use with larger numbers of customers and
an increased number of movie titles; and (vii) implementing existing contracted
VOD deployments with acceptable system performance and consumer acceptance.
Uncertainty of Future Revenues; Fluctuating Operating Results
As a result of the Company's limited operating history, the emerging nature
of the market in which it competes, and the unproven nature of both its initial
and new business models, the Company is unable to accurately forecast its
revenues. The timing and amount of future revenues will depend in large part
upon the business model employed with each MSO and the date of installation and
deployment of VOD products and services purchased by the MSO for each headend.
New sales, service and licensing agreements are expected to be secured on an
irregular basis, if at all, and there may be prolonged periods of time during
which the Company does not enter into new agreements or expanded arrangements.
Once an agreement for the sale of VOD products and services is entered into,
revenue from the sale of Video Servers and DDL equipment will be recognized upon
installation of this equipment in each cable headend; receipt of revenue from
the DSM license will vary depending on the payment option chosen by the MSO; and
revenue from the provision of content, engineering and other operations services
will be recognized on an "as provided" basis. Further, the Company's quarterly
operating results may fluctuate significantly in the future as a result of a
variety of factors, either alone or in combination. Many of these factors are
outside DIVA's control. Factors that may affect DIVA's quarterly operating
results relating to provision of its VOD products and services include (i) the
Company's success in obtaining agreements with MSOs to purchase the Company's
products and services for
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deployment in large numbers of cable system headends (see "Dependence on Cable
Operator Participation; Consolidation in Cable System Ownership; Unproven
Business Models"); (ii) the mix and timing of revenues under the Company's
various business models; (iii) the timing and completion of MSO upgrades of
their distribution infrastructures (see "--Dependence on Advanced Cable
Distribution Networks and Deployment of Digital Set Top Boxes"); (iv) the
effectiveness of MSO marketing of VOD services and related operations; (v)
demand for and consumer acceptance of digital tier services that include VOD as
either a core or value added service; (vi) the evolution of alternative forms of
in-home entertainment systems; and (vii) the market for home video entertainment
services. Factors that may affect DIVA's quarterly operating results generally
include (i) the amount and timing of operating expenses devoted to compliance
with cable industry standards and technical integration of the Company's VOD
products with products and services provided by third party cable industry
suppliers (see "--Compliance with Industry Standards; Need to Integrate with
Third Party Products"); (ii) the amount and timing of operating expenses devoted
to research and development to modify DIVA's products to keep pace with
technological developments (see "--Risk of Technological Change and New Product
Development"); (iii) the introduction of new products and services by the
Company or its competitors and price competition among VOD product and service
providers (see "--Competition Among VOD Suppliers"); and (iv) general economic
conditions and economic conditions specific to the cable industry. A significant
portion of DIVA's expenses are operating costs that are relatively fixed and
necessary to develop the Company's business and independent of revenue generated
by sales of products and services to MSOs. If revenue falls below expectations
in any quarter, the adverse impact of the revenue shortfall on operating results
in that quarter may be magnified by the Company's inability to adjust fixed
spending to compensate for the shortfall. To the extent that such increased
expenses are not subsequently followed by increased revenues, the Company's
business, operating results, financial condition and its ability to generate
sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness.
Any one of these factors, most of which are outside of the Company's
control, could cause the Company's operating results to fluctuate significantly
in the future. In response to a changing competitive environment, the Company
may choose or may be required from time to time to make certain pricing, service
or marketing decisions or enter into strategic alliances or investments or be
required to develop upgrades or enhancements to its system that could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results, financial
condition and its ability to generate sufficient cash flow to service its
indebtedness. The Company believes that its quarterly revenues, expenses and
operating results will vary significantly in the future and that
period-to-period comparisons are not meaningful and are not indicative of future
performance.* As a result of the foregoing factors, it is likely that in some
future quarters or years the Company's operating results will fall below the
expectations of securities analysts or investors, which would have a material
adverse effect on the trading price of the 1998 Notes.*
Dependence on Cable Operator Participation; Consolidation in Cable System
Ownership; Unproven Business Models
DIVA's future success depends in large part on its ability to sell its
products and services and deploy its VOD system in a broad base of cable
system headends, on terms and conditions that will generate a profit. Broad MSO
deployments will in turn depend upon, among other things, DIVA's success in
demonstrating to MSOs that (i) DIVA's technical solution is reliable and
scalable; (ii) VOD is a compelling consumer product and MSO customers will
purchase VOD content at prices and in quantities that will justify the MSO's
investment in DIVA's VOD system, products and services rather than alternative
entertainment services such as PPV and NVOD; (iii) the Company's VOD system
performs and has features that are as compelling, and at competitive prices, as
other VOD products offered or in development by competitors; (iv) DIVA's VOD
system will be integrated with third party products and services provided by
other cable industry suppliers chosen by the MSO; (v) DIVA will evolve its VOD
products to be compatible with OpenCable and other cable industry standards as
they are finalized; (vi) the Company will continue research and development
efforts to assure that its VOD platform will enable new value-added services and
functions; and (vii) DIVA's VOD products will have open interfaces to ensure
compatibility with commercially available hardware and software.
To date, the Company has entered into multiple cable headend contracts with
Lenfest, Chambers, Insight, MediaOne and NTL, and contingent single headend
contracts, subject to significant conditions, with Adelphia, Cablevision, and
Rifkin. The Company is in discussions with various other cable operators
regarding sale of DIVA products and services in order to deploy VOD in specific
systems. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to add new
cable system headends to the existing contracts with these MSOs, to remove the
contingencies and complete or expand deployment sites under the three existing
contingent MSO contracts, or to enter into definitive agreements with any other
cable operators. If cable operators are not persuaded to purchase DIVA's
products or services to deploy VOD broadly in their cable systems, there can be
no assurance that the Company can modify its VOD system and successfully market
it to alternative video providers, and such modifications would require
additional time and capital if pursued.
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Initially, the Company directed its marketing efforts to medium sized cable
operators which had not pursued and would not likely undertake the development
of their own VOD solutions. While the Company has contracts with two large U.S.
MSOs (Cablevision and MediaOne) and one large European MSO (NTL), the current
consolidation of cable properties in the U.S. and in Europe is resulting in the
absorption of medium sized cable operators into the large MSOs. There can be no
assurance that such large MSOs will be willing to purchase VOD products and
services from the Company or be willing to do so on terms and conditions which
are economically justifiable to the Company. Further, there can be no assurance
that any new large MSO will select DIVA or any other single VOD product or
service provider for deployments in all of its upgraded cable systems, and
instead it is highly likely that large MSOs will choose to purchase VOD products
and services from a variety of competing providers.
In light of the consolidation of cable system ownership, and in response to
reaction of larger MSOs to DIVA's original business model, the Company has
changed its business proposition to offer the MSO more choices and more control
of the VOD service. The Company's initial business model was significantly
different from those commonly employed in the cable television industry. Under
the Company's original business model, DIVA owned, installed and funded all
headend hardware and software components of its VOD system, acquired, assembled,
managed and delivered the VOD service offering to cable subscribers, and
intended to generate earnings through long-term deployment agreements with MSOs
based on a share of "per view" and other content prices set by the Company. It
is likely under this initial standard VOD service model that MSOs found it
difficult to determine the net effect on revenue of either adding the Company's
service to their product mix, or replacing elements of their service model
offerings with the Company's VOD service. Further, larger MSOs expressed
reluctance to have DIVA or any other third party own and operate a VOD system
interfaced to their cable distribution networks. As a result, the Company has
recast its business model so that the Company sells its Video Server and DDL to
MSOs, licenses the DSM software to MSOs, and provides a suite of content
acquisition and management, engineering services, business and operations
support services at the option of the MSO. The new business model anticipates
that VOD service enabled by DIVA's system will be a part of the entry level
digital tier of services provided by the MSO. Under this revised business model,
the cable operator purchases, owns and maintains the VOD system hardware and
takes the capital and operating expense risk associated with such ownership. The
MSO can then select the other DIVA VOD support services it wants to employ,
thereby having an alternative to the original turnkey approach. The MSO can
choose the entire package of content and management services, provided by DIVA
for a share of "per view" revenue, or some or all of these services on a
contract fee for service basis.
DIVA's first five existing MSO contracts are under the initial business
model. The recent contracts with Insight, MediaOne and NTL represent varying
combinations of the elements of the new business model. To date, DIVA's VOD
system solution has not been rolled out to a large number of digital customers
in any MSO deployment. See "--Limited Commercial Deployments to Date;
Scalability Not Proven." Consequently, until the economics under either of
DIVA's business models are proven, cable operators may be reluctant to broadly
deploy the Company's VOD products and services in their systems or may be
unwilling to purchase its VOD offerings at all. There can be no assurance that
the Company will be able to expand the scope of deployments using its initial
business model, convert existing turnkey VOD contracts to the new suite of
offerings, or broadly deploy under its new business model, or that cable
operators will be willing to purchase the Company's VOD products and services on
these or any other terms. VOD is a new market, and the Company's VOD system
solution is only one possible means available to cable operators for providing
movies in the home. The inability of the Company to enter into definitive
agreements with cable operators for the DIVA VOD solution, or the lack of
acceptance of VOD as a consumer product by cable operators and their subscribers
would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating
results, financial condition and its ability to generate sufficient cash flow to
service its indebtedness.
Limited Commercial Deployments to Date; Scalability Not Proven
The Company has commercially deployed its VOD service in a single headend
location in cable systems owned by Lenfest, Adelphia, Cablevision, and Rifkin,
and in two headend locations in cable systems owned by each of Chambers and
Insight. The Company's agreements with Adelphia, Cablevision and Rifkin are
conditioned upon completion of an initial deployment phase designed to enable
the cable operator to verify the business viability of DIVA's initial business
model, the turnkey VOD system. DIVA is in the initial deployment phase with all
three such MSOs. If the Company's VOD service does not demonstrate business
viability or if the cable operator otherwise determines that such service does
not meet its business or operational expectations, none of Adelphia, Cablevision
nor Rifkin is obligated to deploy the Company's VOD service. There can be no
assurance that the Company will successfully complete these initial commercial
deployment phases or that its VOD system and service will be deployed beyond the
initial phases in any such cable operator's systems.
The existing commercial deployments with Lenfest, Chambers and Insight,
while not conditioned upon completion of an initial commercial phase, are not
yet rolled out to the full extent of available upgraded cable plant and
currently serve a limited number of customers. Until the Company's VOD products
are deployed on a large scale in one cable system, the
-22-
scalability of the Company's VOD system will remain unproven. Further, there can
be no assurance that unforeseen problems will not develop as the Company evolves
its technology, products and services, or that the Company will be successful in
the continued development, cost reduction, integration and commercial
implementation of its technology, products and services on a wide scale.
Competition for VOD Services
The market for in-home video entertainment services is intensely
competitive, rapidly evolving and subject to rapid technological change. The
Company expects competition in the market for VOD services to intensify and
increase in the future.* A number of companies have announced an intention to
introduce a VOD service or deliver VOD components that might be deployed by a
video service provider. Intertainer, a company owned in part by Comcast Cable
Communications ("Comcast"), Intel Corporation ("Intel"), Sony Corp. of America
and NBC, is currently conducting trials with Comcast and US West to provide VOD
and other services over high speed networks such as ADSL (Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line) and cable modems primarily to the personal computer, but plans
to provide services to television sets in the future. It is possible that
companies currently operating overseas will adapt their technology and offer it
through high-speed networks in the United States. Elmsdale Media is currently
conducting a trial for its VOD system in Cardiff, Wales for NTL. VideoNet is
conducting a trial in Britain over telephone wires offering VOD and other
interactive services to non-paying customers. Hongkong Telecom began offering
commercial interactive services, including VOD, in March 1998. Other companies
internationally and domestically have also announced plans to provide VOD
services which vary in degree of commercial viability. There can be no assurance
that these or other companies will not provide equivalent or more attractive
capabilities that could be more acceptable to cable operators and their
subscribers.
It is also possible that competitors may form alliances, develop a
competitive VOD service and rapidly acquire significant market share. Such
competition would materially and adversely affect the Company's business,
operating results and financial condition. Companies that are or may be capable
of delivering VOD components include Concurrent Computer Corp, Celerity Systems
Inc., Mitsubishi Electronics America, Nippon Electric Corp., nCUBE, Pioneer and
its affiliates, SeaChange International, Inc., Silicon Graphics Inc., Unisys,
General Instrument, Scientific-Atlanta, Sony Corporation, Vivid Technology Inc.
and FreeLinQ Communications Corporation. Some of these competitors have
developed VOD products that have undergone tests or trials and may succeed in
obtaining market acceptance of their products more rapidly than the Company. In
addition, Time Warner Inc. previously field tested an integrated system solution
utilizing components from a number of the aforementioned entities. This trial
has since been terminated. Notwithstanding termination of its field trial in
Orlando, Time Warner Inc. has reached agreements with certain industry suppliers
for elements that might be used in designing and integrating a next generation
VOD system solution for an initial deployment in 2000. Cablevision has operated
limited trials of in-house VOD solutions. Certain of the Company's competitors
or potential competitors have developed affiliations with cable operators or
alternative distribution providers to develop services or technologies that may
be better or more cost effective than the Company's VOD service. These services
or technologies may be more attractive to cable operators, particularly those
that desire to own all hardware and software components of the VOD service. In
addition, certain of these potential competitors are either directly or
indirectly affiliated with content providers and cable operators and could
therefore materially impact the Company's ability to sign long-term services
contracts with such cable operators and obtain content from such providers.
Although the Company is pursuing joint development efforts to port its VOD
service to digital platforms that are or will be broadly deployed in the cable
industry, these third party equipment manufacturers have the financial and
technical ability to develop and sustain deployment of their own proprietary VOD
platforms. There can be no assurance that the Company will not face competition
from these suppliers or their affiliates or that they will support the
integration of Company's VOD service with their own components. See "--
Compliance with Industry Standards; Need to Integrate with Set-Top Box
Manufacturers."
The Company may also face competition from cable operators or other
organizations, including but not limited to the telephone companies, providers
of DBS, PPV and NVOD, cable programmers and Internet service providers, who
could provide VOD-like services through cable and alternative delivery
platforms, including the Internet, telephone lines and satellite and other
wireless services. Recent announcements of combinations of DBS services DirecTV
and Dish Network with digital recording devices from Replay Networks and TiVo
may represent stronger competition through the ability to store and replay
broadcast programming with pause, play, fast-forward and reverse capability. For
example, the Company could encounter competition from companies such as
Microsoft/WebTV Plus, Excite@Home or video streaming companies that in the
future may be able to deliver movies over the Internet to the television, or
from consumer use of purchased or rented digital video discs or variants
thereof. In addition, the competitive environment in which the Company will
operate may inhibit its ability to offer its VOD service to cable operators and
other types of operators that compete with one another in the same territory. A
cable operator may require the Company to provide its VOD service exclusively to
such cable operator in a particular territory. Further, cable operators
themselves may offer competing services, including increased
-23-
NVOD offerings, or may be unwilling to use the Company's VOD service and/or
products exclusively. There can be no assurance that any cable operator will
commit exclusively to the Company's VOD service and/or products. In particular,
cable operators may trial a number of different alternatives. The Company will
also face competition for viewers from providers of home video rentals, which
are increasingly entering into revenue sharing arrangements with content
providers. These arrangements have resulted in a significant increase in the
number of copies available for rental and an extension in the rental period at
major video chains and, accordingly, have made home video rentals more
attractive to consumers.
Many of the Company's competitors and potential competitors have longer
operating histories, greater name recognition, and significantly greater
financial, technical, marketing and distribution resources than the Company. As
a result, they may be able to respond to new or emerging technologies and
changes in customer requirements or to devote greater resources to the
development, promotion and sale of their products and services more effectively
than the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
compete successfully against current or future competitors or that competitive
pressures faced by the Company will not materially adversely affect its
business, operating results, financial condition and its ability to achieve
sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness.
Risks Associated with Anticipated Growth
The Company believes the opportunities presented by MSO reaction to its new
business model may require it to meet multiple aggressive engineering,
integration, product delivery and installation targets.* The growth in size and
scale of the Company's business has placed and is expected to continue to place
significant demands on its management, operating, development, third party
manufacturing and financial resources. The Company's ability to manage growth
effectively will require continued implementation of and improvements to its
operating, manufacturing, development and financial systems and will require the
Company to expand and continue to train and manage its employee base. These
demands likely will require the addition of new management personnel and the
development of additional expertise by existing management personnel. Although
the Company believes that it has made adequate allowances for the costs and
risks associated with future growth, there can be no assurance that the
Company's systems, procedures or controls or financial resources will be
adequate to support the Company's operations or that management will be able to
keep pace with such growth. If the Company is unable to manage its growth
effectively, the Company's business, operating results, financial condition and
ability to generate sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness will be
materially adversely affected.
Dependence on Advanced Cable Distribution Networks and Deployment of
Digital Set-Top Boxes
The Company's VOD service requires deployment on cable systems upgraded to
HFC architecture with the return path from the customer to the headend activated
to enable two-way operation. According to the Cablevision Blue Book,
approximately 45% of the total U.S. homes passed by cable had been upgraded to
HFC architecture with return path capability at the end of 1998, and only a
limited portion of the upgraded plant is currently activated for two-way
transmission. A number of cable operators have announced and begun to implement
major infrastructure investments to deploy two-way capable HFC systems which
require significant financial, managerial, operating and other resources. HFC
upgrades have been, and likely will continue to be, subject to delay or
cancellation. In addition, the Company believes that the widespread deployment
of VOD services will not occur until MSOs decide to deploy digital services
through this upgraded plant and invest in new digital set-top boxes.* There can
be no assurance that these or any other cable operators will continue to upgrade
their cable plant or that sufficient, suitable cable plant will be available in
the future that is capable of supporting deployment of the Company's VOD
products and services. The failure of cable operators to complete planned
upgrades in a timely and satisfactory manner, or at all, and the lack of
suitable cable plant would have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, operating results, financial condition and its ability to generate
sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness. In addition, the reliable
performance of the VOD products and services provided by the Company is highly
dependent on cable operators maintaining their cable infrastructure and headends
in accordance with system specifications provided by the Company. Therefore, the
future success and growth of the Company's business will be subject to economic
and other factors affecting the ability of cable operators to finance
substantial capital expenditures to maintain and upgrade the cable
infrastructure to enable VOD system deployment.
Risk of Technological Change and New Product Development
Rapid technological developments are expected to occur in the home video
entertainment industry. As a result, the Company has modified and expects to
continue to modify its research and development plan.* Such modifications,
including those related to the set-top box integration, have resulted in delays
and increased costs. Furthermore, the Company expects that it will be required
to continue to enhance its current VOD products and services and develop and
introduce increased functionality and performance to keep pace with
technological developments and consumer preferences.* In particular, the Company
must accomplish a number of objectives, including, but not limited to (i)
modification of its headend equipment
-24-
and of headend equipment provided by cable industry suppliers and further
integration of all such headend equipment and related systems in order to
achieve cost reductions and reduce physical space requirements for widespread
VOD deployment in a large number of headends; (ii) integrating its digital
platform and software with other digital applications and services selected by
the cable operator, including integration of set-top box, headend components and
electronic program guides; (iii) further technical development of and reduction
of the cost of manufacturing the DIVA Video Server and other system components
and modification of the service software for future advances; (iv) continued
scaling of the VOD system for use with larger numbers of customers and an
increased number of movie titles; and (v) enhancing its system to enable
additional services, including music videos and time-shifting.* There can be no
assurance that the Company will, on a satisfactory timetable, be able to
accomplish any of these tasks or do so while maintaining the same functionality.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in developing and
marketing product and service enhancements or new services that respond to
technological and market changes or that the Company will not experience
difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful development,
introduction and marketing of such new services or enhancements. Failure to
successfully develop these projects could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, operating results, financial condition and its ability to
generate sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness. The Company has
encountered delays in product development, service integration and field tests
and other difficulties affecting both software and hardware components of its
system and its ability to operate successfully over HFC plant. In addition, many
of the Company's competitors have substantially greater resources than the
Company to devote to further technological and new product development. See "--
Competition for VOD Services." There can be no assurance that technological and
market changes or other significant developments in VOD technology by the
Company's competitors will not render its VOD products and services obsolete.
Compliance with Industry Standards; Need to Integrate with Third-Party
Products
The cable industry has launched an initiative called OpenCable which will
redefine the requirements and features of digital set-top converters as well as
the requirements and features of their control systems located in the boxes
themselves and in cable headends. The OpenCable initiative is managed by
CableLabs on behalf of the cable MSOs and is supported by some of the cable
equipment manufacturers, including General Instrument and Scientific-Atlanta.
The OpenCable initiative is defining future digital platform requirements as
they relate to set-top box requirements and control systems, which could affect
DIVA's digital platform and its efforts to integrate its digital platform and
VOD application with digital set-top and headend equipment manufactured by third
party cable industry suppliers. There can be no assurance that the Company will
be successful in complying with the requirements of the OpenCable initiative as
they are finally adopted, or that compliance will not cause difficulties that
could delay or prevent successful development, introduction or broad deployment
of its VOD products and services.
Although the Company developed a set-top box that was able to meet MSO
requirements for a single box that both enables VOD and processes broadcast
analog and digital cable signals, the Company determined that it needs to port
its VOD solution to other digital platforms that are or will be broadly deployed
in the cable industry, including those that may be offered by General
Instrument, Scientific-Atlanta, Pace and other companies. The Company and
General Instrument have demonstrated the successful port of the Company's VOD
application to General Instrument's DNS, the initial implementation of this
integration was tested on a limited, non-commercial basis with Lenfest, and a
commercial version has been launched in systems owned by Chambers and Insight.
The Company and General Instrument are continuing joint development efforts to
more closely integrate the VOD products with DNS, including achieving cost
reductions, reducing physical space requirements of headend equipment and
enabling industry accepted VOD encryption capability. There can be no assurance
that the Company will be successful in accomplishing continued General
Instrument integration on a cost-effective basis or at all.
The Company is party to a developer agreement with Scientific-Atlanta which
should enable the Company to access the necessary information and material to
effectively port its VOD system products to the Scientific-Atlanta platform.
However, there can be no assurance that the Company and Scientific-Atlanta will
be able to achieve compatibility between their respective systems. The Company's
ability to enter into relationships with MSOs that require a single box solution
and choose to deploy Scientific-Atlanta's Digital Broadband Delivery System
could therefore be significantly impaired.
Although the Company has developed an on-screen interactive guide or
navigator that is closely integrated with its VOD service, MSO customers and
their subscribers are likely to expect a seamless link between the navigator and
third party electronic programming guides ("EPGs") that provide information
regarding programming schedules. The ability to create cross access points
between the navigator and various EPGs may be limited by the engineering and
memory characteristics of the digital platforms and EPG applications provided by
major cable industry suppliers. Further, positioning the navigator as the first
or one of the first screens viewed by a subscriber, which would create enhanced
revenue and promotional
-25-
opportunities, may be limited by these third-party platform characteristics or
by existing or future agreements between EPG providers and MSOs.
Reliance on Third-Party Manufacturers; Exposure To Component Shortages
The Company depends and will continue to depend on third parties to
manufacture the major elements of its VOD system. The Company subcontracts
manufacturing of its proprietary components of its Video Server and the DDL to
third-party manufacturers. All of such subcontractors are bound by
confidentiality agreements. As a result of the complexity of the Company's
hardware components, manufacturing and quality control are time consuming
processes. Consequently, there can be no assurance that these manufacturers will
be able to meet the Company's requirements in a timely and satisfactory manner
or the Company would be able to find or maintain a suitable relationship with
alternate qualified manufacturers for any such elements. The Company's reliance
on third-party manufacturers involves a number of additional risks, including
the absence of guaranteed capacity and reduced control over delivery schedules,
quality assurance, production yields and costs. In the event the Company is
unable to obtain such manufacturing on commercially reasonable terms, its
business, operating results, financial condition and its ability to achieve
sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness would be materially adversely
affected.
Certain of the Company's subassemblies and components used in the Video
Server and the DDL are procured from single sources and others are procured only
from a limited number of sources. Consequently, the Company may be adversely
affected by worldwide shortages of certain components, significant price
increases, reduced control over delivery schedules, and manufacturing
capability, quality and cost. Although the Company believes alternative
suppliers of products, services, subassemblies and components are available, the
lack of alternative sources could materially impair the Company's ability to
deploy its VOD system. Manufacturing lead times can be as long as nine months
for certain critical components. Therefore, the Company may require significant
working capital to pay for such components well in advance of revenues.
Moreover, a prolonged inability to obtain certain components could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results, financial
condition and its ability to achieve sufficient cash flow to service its
indebtedness and could result in damage to MSO or customer relationships.
Uncertainty of Protection of Patents and Proprietary Rights
The Company's future success depends, in part, on its ability to protect
its intellectual property and maintain the proprietary nature of its technology
through a combination of patents, licenses and other intellectual property
arrangements. The Company has licensed rights to the DIVA Video Server and the
DIVA set-top decoder initially developed by Sarnoff. Sarnoff and the Company
have been awarded patents and have filed applications and intend to file
additional applications for patents covering the DIVA Video Server. Sarnoff and
the Company have filed applications for patents covering the set-top decoder,
and the Company has filed patent applications, and intends to file additional
and derivative patent applications covering the interactive service and its
technology. There can be no assurance, however, that any patents issued to
Sarnoff or the Company will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or
that the rights granted thereunder will provide proprietary protection to the
Company. Despite the efforts of Sarnoff and the Company to safeguard and
maintain these proprietary rights, there can be no assurance that the Company
will be successful in doing so or that the Company's competitors will not
independently develop or patent technologies that are substantially equivalent
or superior to the Company's technologies. From time to time, the Company has
received notices from third parties claiming infringement of certain
intellectual property rights. Although the Company does not believe it infringes
any third party's intellectual property rights, DIVA could encounter similar
claims in the future.*
Since patent applications in the U.S. are not publicly disclosed until the
patent has been issued, applications may have been filed that, if issued as
patents, would relate to the Company's products. In addition, the Company has
not conducted a comprehensive patent search relating to the technology used in
the DIVA Video Server or the Company's VOD system. The Company is subject to the
risk of claims and litigation alleging infringement of the intellectual property
rights of others. There can be no assurance that third parties will not assert
infringement claims against the Company in the future based on patents or trade
secrets or that such claims will not be successful. Parties making such claims
may be able to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief which could
effectively block the Company's ability to provide its VOD service in the U.S.
and internationally, and could result in an award of substantial damages. In the
event of a successful claim of infringement, the Company, its MSOs and other end
users may be required to obtain one or more licenses from third parties. There
can be no assurance that the Company or its customers could obtain necessary
licenses from third parties at a reasonable cost or at all. The defense of any
lawsuit could result in time consuming and expensive litigation regardless of
the merits of such claims, and damages, license fees, royalty payments and
restrictions on the Company's ability to provide its VOD products or services,
any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
operating results, financial condition and its ability to generate sufficient
cash flow to service its indebtedness.
-26-
Risks Associated with Programming Content
In those MSO deployments where DIVA provides programming content, the
Company's success will depend, in part, on its ability to obtain access to
sufficient movies (including new releases and library titles), special interest
videos and other programming content on commercially acceptable terms. Although
the Company has entered into arrangements with most of the major movie studios
and a number of other content providers for its initial deployments, there can
be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to obtain the content,
during the segment of time available to VOD providers and others such as PPV, to
support its VOD service beyond the geographic area of its initial deployments.
Studios may require the Company to make prepayments prior to the time that
customers pay for viewing a title or require the Company to enter into long-term
contracts with minimum payments. Further, studios may increase the license fees
currently charged to the Company. The Company's failure to obtain timely access
to such content on commercially acceptable terms could have a material adverse
effect on its business, operating results, financial condition and its ability
to generate sufficient cash flow to service its indebtedness.
Dependence on Key Personnel
The Company's performance is substantially dependent on the performance of
its officers and key employees. Given the Company's early stage of development,
the Company is dependent on its ability to retain and motivate qualified
personnel, especially its management. The Company does not have "key person"
life insurance policies on any of its employees. There can be no assurance that
key personnel will continue to be employed by the Company or that the Company
will be able to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future. The
Company's future success also depends on its ability to identify, hire, train
and retain technical, sales, marketing and managerial personnel. Competition for
such personnel is intense, and there can be no assurance that the Company will
be able to attract, assimilate or retain such personnel in the future. The
inability to attract and retain its officers and key employees and the necessary
technical, sales, marketing and managerial personnel could have a material
adverse effect upon the Company's business, operating results, financial
condition and its ability to achieve sufficient cash flow to service its
indebtedness.
Government Regulation
The Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") has broad jurisdiction over
the telecommunications and cable industries. The majority of FCC regulations,
while not directly affecting the Company, do affect cable companies, the primary
potential purchasers of DIVA's VOD products and services. As such, the indirect
effect of these regulations may adversely affect the Company's business. The
Communications Act of 1934, as significantly amended by Congress in 1992 and
more recently by the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (as so amended, the "Act"),
provides a significant regulatory framework for the operation of cable systems.
Rules promulgated by the FCC under the Act impose restrictions and obligations
that could affect how the cable operator offers or prices the VOD service
enabled by the Company's products and services. None of these impose direct rate
or service restrictions on the Company.
In addition, certain FCC rules, and FCC rulemakings in process or required
in the future under the Act could directly affect the joint efforts of the
Company and third-party equipment manufacturers such as General Instrument to
port the Company's VOD solution to digital platforms that are broadly deployed
in the cable industry. FCC rules to date have focused on analog equipment,
rather than digital equipment such as the Company's. However, it is anticipated
that as digital equipment, transmission and services are deployed by cable
operators, the FCC will extend analog rules to digital transmission, or craft
rules specific to digital platforms. An example being discussed is digital "must
carry" which would require cable operators to transmit on their systems not only
the analog channels of local broadcast television stations in all markets, but
the newly authorized digital broadcast channels as well. Digital "must carry"
for local over-the-air broadcast licensees could consume a significant amount of
the increased channel capacity being created by cable operators through their
upgrades. There can be no assurance that any MSO will elect to launch VOD using
the Company's or any competitor's VOD products and services as opposed to other,
less expensive analog and digital services using the transmission capacity that
remains after implementation of digital "must carry" in any local market.
Local franchising authorities retain certain statutory and general
regulatory authority with respect to cable operators including the ability to
regulate or exclude content that they deem inappropriate under local community
standards. In MSO deployments where DIVA provides programming content, the MSO
has the option of including adult offerings in its VOD service. Because local
community standards will vary, the local cable operator may decide to either
restrict the scope or entirely exclude adult content. The Company's VOD system
also enables individual subscribers to exclude entirely or restrict access to
such content. To the extent that DIVA shares in "per view" revenues in any MSO
system that restricts or excludes adult content, the Company's operating results
could be impacted by the decisions of local regulatory authorities and cable
operators regarding such content.
-27-
Finally, the Act authorizes, but does not require, local franchising
authorities to impose a fee of up to 5% on the gross revenues derived by third
parties from the provision of cable service over a cable system. To the extent
that the Company assembles and provides a VOD service directly to cable
subscribers (rather than providing it to cable operators for resale to cable
subscribers) and the local franchise agreement has been amended or renewed and
includes appropriate language, the Company could be required to pay a franchise
fee of up to 5% of gross revenues derived from its VOD service in a specific
franchise area to the local franchising authority.
There are other rulemakings that have been and still are being undertaken
by the FCC which will interpret and implement provisions of the Act. It is
anticipated that the Act will stimulate increased competition generally in the
telecommunications and cable industries, which may adversely impact the Company.
No assurance can be given that changes in current or future laws or regulations,
including those limiting or abrogating exclusive MSO contracts, in whole or in
part, adopted by the FCC or other federal, state or local regulatory authorities
would not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business.
In addition, VOD services in Canada are licensed by the Canadian Radio and
Telecommunications Commission, and VOD services are licensed in a variety of
ways if provided in the United Kingdom and other EU member countries in which
DIVA is marketing its VOD products and services. The Company is seeking to
determine the basis on which it may offer its VOD products and services in
Canada, the UK and EU, the extent of regulatory controls and the terms of any
revenue arrangements that may be required as conditions to the deployment of its
VOD service in such countries. The Company may not be able to obtain
distribution rights to movie titles in non-U.S. jurisdictions under regulatory
and financial arrangements acceptable to the Company.
Control by Insiders
The Company's executive officers and directors, together with entities
affiliated with such individuals, and Acorn Ventures, Inc. beneficially own
approximately 47.4% of the Common Stock (assuming conversion of all outstanding
Preferred Stock into Common Stock). Accordingly, these stockholders have
significant influence over the affairs of the Company. This concentration of
ownership could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of
the Company.
Forward-Looking Statements
The statements contained in the "Factors Affecting Operating Results"
section that are not historical facts are "forward-looking statements," which
can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "estimates,"
"projects," "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "believes," or the negative
thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, or by discussions
of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking
statements, including statements regarding market opportunity, deployment plans,
market acceptance, the Company's business models, capital requirements,
anticipated net losses and negative cash flow, revenue growth, anticipated
operating expenditures and product development plans are only estimates or
predictions and cannot be relied upon. No assurance can be given that future
results will be achieved; actual events or results may differ materially as a
result of risks facing the Company or actual results differing from the
assumptions underlying such statements. Such risks and assumptions include, but
are not limited to, those discussed in this "Factors Affecting Operating
Results" section, which could cause actual results to vary materially from the
future results indicated, expressed or implied in such forward-looking
statements. The Company disclaims any obligation to update information contained
in any forward-looking statement.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Risk Disclosures
The following discussion about the Company's market risk disclosures
contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to
risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those
discussed in the forward-looking statements. The Company is exposed to market
risk related to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and
derivatives.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
The Company maintains a short-term investment portfolio consisting mainly
of income securities with an average maturity of less than one year. These
available-for-sale securities are subject to interest rate risk and will fall in
value if market interest rates increase. The Company has the ability to hold its
fixed income investments until maturity and therefore,
-28-
the Company would not expect its operating results or cash flows to be affected
to any significant degree by the effect of a sudden change in market interest
rates on its securities portfolio.
The Company's cash equivalents and short-term investments have generally
been available-for-sale. Gross unrealized gains and losses were not significant
as of June 30, 1999.
The following table presents the principal amounts and related
weighted-average yields for the Company's fixed rate investment portfolio (in
thousands, except average yields) at June 30, 1999.
Carrying Average
Amount Yield
----------------- ---------------
U.S. government obligations $ 66,608 5.14%
Commercial paper 36,752 4.95%
Certificates of deposits 1,002 4.08%
Money market instruments 875 3.91%
Auction rate preferred stock certificates 25,500 5.07%
----------------
Total 130,737
Included in cash and cash equivalents 89,239
Included in short-term investments 41,498
----------------
Total $ 130,737
================
Foreign Currency Risks
The Company believes that its exposure to currency exchange fluctuation
risk is insignificant because the Company's transactions with international
vendors are generally denominated in U.S. dollars, which is considered to be the
functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries. The currency exchange
impact on intercompany transactions was immaterial in 1999.
-29-
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Page
Independent Auditors' Report............................................31
Consolidate Balance Sheets..............................................32
Consolidated Statement of Operations....................................33
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Deficit.........................34
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows....................................35
Notes to Consolidated Statement Financial Statements....................36
-30-
Independent Auditors' Report
The Board of Directors
DIVA Systems Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of DIVA Systems
Corporation (the Company), and subsidiaries (a development stage company) as of
June 30, 1998 and 1999, and the related consolidated statements of operations,
stockholders' deficit, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year
period ended June 30, 1999 and for the period from July 1, 1995 (inception) to
June 30, 1999. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of
the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of DIVA Systems
Corporation and subsidiaries (a development stage company) as of June 30, 1998
and 1999, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of
the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 1999 and for the period from
July 1, 1995 (inception) to June 30, 1999, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Mountain View, California
July 25, 1999
-31-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)
June 30,
----------------------------------------
Assets 1998 1999
------------------ -------------------
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 167,549 89,239
Short-term investments 30,015 41,498
Inventory -- 2,663
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 694 2,096
------------------ -------------------
Total current assets 198,258 135,496
Property and equipment, net 19,349 9,792
Debt issuance costs, net 9,524 8,114
Prepaid licenses 230 --
Deposits and other assets 354 550
Intangible assets, net 490 312
------------------ -------------------
Total assets $ 228,205 154,264
================== ===================
Liabilities, Redeemable Warrants, and Stockholders' Deficit
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 3,047 2,784
Other current liabilities 1,300 1,221
------------------ -------------------
Total current liabilities 4,347 4,005
Notes payable 243,031 275,564
------------------ -------------------
Total liabilities 247,378 279,569
------------------ -------------------
Redeemable warrants 1,139 2,108
------------------ -------------------
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' deficit:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized
in 1998 and 1999, respectively; 21,372,287, and 21,390,283
shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 1998, and 1999,
respectively; (liquidation preference of $97,766, and $97,883
as of June 30, 1998 and 1999, respectively) 21 21
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 65,000,000 shares authorized
in 1998 and 1999, respectively; 17,200,178 and 17,463,574
shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 1998 and 1999,
respectively 17 17
Additional paid-in capital 115,759 117,170
Deferred compensation -- (1,248)
Deficit accumulated during the development stage (136,109) (243,373)
------------------ -------------------
Total stockholders' deficit (20,312) (127,413)
------------------ -------------------
Total liabilities, redeemable warrants, and stockholders'
deficit $ 228,205 154,264
================== ===================
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
-32-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share data)
Period from
Years ended June 30, July 1, 1995
----------------------------------------------------- (inception) to
1997 1998 1999 June 30, 1999
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Revenue $ -- 82 293 375
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Operating expenses:
Programming 4,020 5,370 8,159 17,830
Operations 1,340 4,542 8,162 14,044
Engineering and development 11,763 18,070 24,321 62,589
Sales and marketing 2,960 4,384 5,707 14,122
General and administrative 3,673 8,552 16,581 30,288
Depreciation and amortization 891 5,261 19,127 25,310
Amortization of intangible assets -- 45 178 223
Acquired in-process research and
development 4,061 24,321 -- 28,382
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Total operating expenses 28,708 70,545 82,235 192,788
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Operating loss 28,708 70,463 81,942 192,413
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Other (income) expense, net:
Equity in (income) loss of investee 2,080 1,631 -- 3,354
Interest income (410) (5,632) (8,645) (14,752)
Interest expense 3,590 13,730 33,967 51,682
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Total other expense, net 5,260 9,729 25,322 40,284
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Loss before extraordinary
Item 33,968 80,192 107,264 232,697
Extraordinary loss -- early
extinguishment of debt -- 10,676 -- 10,676
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net loss 33,968 90,868 107,264 243,373
Accretion of redeemable warrants 91 763 969 1,823
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net loss attributable to
common stockholders $ 34,059 91,631 108,233 245,196
================ =============== ================ ================
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Loss before extraordinary item $ 2.22 4.92 6.31 15.68
Extraordinary loss -- early
extinguishment of debt -- 0.65 -- 0.71
---------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
Net loss per share $ 2.22 5.57 6.31 16.39
================ =============== ================ ================
Shares used in per share computation 15,316 16,447 17,147 14,952
================ =============== ================ ================
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
-33-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit
Period from July 1, 1995 (inception) to June 30, 1999
(in thousands, except share data)
Preferred stock
------------------------------
Shares Amount
--------------- -------------
Sale of common stock in August 1995 at $0.005 per share -- $ --
Exercise of common stock options in August 1995 at $0.005 per share -- --
Sale of Series A preferred stock in August and September 1995 at $0.50 per share 205,600 --
Sale of Series B preferred stock in October 1995 at $0.855 per share, net of issuance costs of $22 2,403,842 3
Sale of common stock in October 1995 at $0.05 per share -- --
Sale of Series B preferred stock in December 1995 at $0.855 per share, net of issuance costs of $4 1,016,000 1
Issuance of common stock in exchange for investment in affiliate in December 1995 at $0.075 per
share -- --
Issuance of Class B common stock in exchange for investment in affiliate in December 1995
at $5.00 per share -- --
Dividend of DIVA common stock received from affiliate in February 1996 at $0.075 per share -- --
Exercise of common stock options in June 1996 at $0.10 per share -- --
Net loss -- --
--------------- -------------
Balance as of June 30, 1996 3,625,442 4
Accretion of redeemable warrants -- --
Issuance of Class C common stock in August 1996 at $0.82 per share in conjunction with Norstar
purchase -- --
Sale of Series C preferred stock in August 1996 at $4.205 per share, net of issuance costs of $1,060 6,168,600 6
Exercise of common stock options -- --
Net loss -- --
--------------- -------------
Balances at June 30, 1997 9,794,042 10
Accretion of redeemable warrants -- --
Sales of Series D preferred stock in August and September 1997 at $5.72 per share,
net of issuance costs of $1,379 8,279,590 8
Issuance of common stock warrants in connection with notes payable issued in February 1998 -- --
Issuance of Series AA preferred stock at $6.50 per share and issuance of Series AA preferred
stock options in April 1998 in connection with SRTC purchase 3,277,539 3
Exercise of Series AA preferred stock options associated with SRTC purchase 21,116 --
Exercise of common stock options -- --
Class A and B common stock assumed in connection with SRTC purchase -- --
Issuance of common stock in May 1998 at $2.40 per share in connection with research and
development arrangement -- --
Net loss -- --
--------------- -------------
Balances as of June 30, 1998 21,372,287 21
Accretion of redeemable warrants -- --
Deferred compensation expense on stock option issuances -- --
Amortization of deferred compensation expense -- --
Exercise of common stock options -- --
Issuance of common stock in June 1999 at $3.35 per share as compensation for services -- --
Repurchase of common stock -- --
Exercise of Series AA preferred stock options 17,996 --
Net loss -- --
=============== =============
Balances as of June 30, 1999 21,390,283 $ 21
=============== =============
Common stock
-----------------------
Shares Amount
---------- ----------
Sale of common stock in August 1995 at $0.005 per share 10,640,000 $ 10
Exercise of common stock options in August 1995 at $0.005 per share 654,000 --
Sale of Series A preferred stock in August and September 1995 at $0.50 per share -- --
Sale of Series B preferred stock in October 1995 at $0.855 per share, net of issuance costs of $22 -- --
Sale of common stock in October 1995 at $0.05 per share 52,400 --
Sale of Series B preferred stock in December 1995 at $0.855 per share, net of issuance costs of $4 -- --
Issuance of common stock in exchange for investment in affiliate in December 1995 at $0.075 per
share 6,654,000 6
Issuance of Class B common stock in exchange for investment in affiliate in December 1995
at $5.00 per share 2 --
Dividend of DIVA common stock received from affiliate in February 1996 at $0.075 per share (2,618,898) (2)
Exercise of common stock options in June 1996 at $0.10 per share 10,000 --
Net loss -- --
-------------- ------------
Balance as of June 30, 1996 15,391,504 14
Accretion of redeemable warrants -- --
Issuance of Class C common stock in August 1996 at $0.82 per share in conjunction with Norstar
purchase 857,370 --
Sale of Series C preferred stock in August 1996 at $4.205 per share, net of issuance costs of $1,060 -- --
Exercise of common stock options 301,000 2
Net loss -- --
-------------- ------------
Balances at June 30, 1997 16,549,874 16
Accretion of redeemable warrants -- --
Sales of Series D preferred stock in August and September 1997 at $5.72 per share,
net of issuance costs of $1,379 -- --
Issuance of common stock warrants in connection with notes payable issued in February 1998 -- --
Issuance of Series AA preferred stock at $6.50 per share and issuance of Series AA preferred
stock options in April 1998 in connection with SRTC purchase -- --
Exercise of Series AA preferred stock options associated with SRTC purchase -- --
Exercise of common stock options 565,050 1
Class A and B common stock assumed in connection with SRTC purchase (14,746) --
Issuance of common stock in May 1998 at $2.40 per share in connection with research and
development arrangement 100,000 --
Net loss -- --
-------------- ------------
Balances as of June 30, 1998 17,200,178 17
Accretion of redeemable warrants -- --
Deferred compensation expense on stock option issuances -- --
Amortization of deferred compensation expense -- --
Exercise of common stock options 278,120 --
Issuance of common stock in June 1999 at $3.35 per share as compensation for services 30,650 --
Repurchase of common stock (45,374) --
Exercise of Series AA preferred stock options -- --
Net loss -- --
============== ============
Balances as of June 30, 1999 17,463,574 $ 17
============== ============
Additional
paid-in Deferred
capital compensation
----------- ------------
Sale of common stock in August 1995 at $0.005 per share $ 43 $ --
Exercise of common stock options in August 1995 at $0.005 per share 3 --
Sale of Series A preferred stock in August and September 1995 at $0.50 per share 103 --
Sale of Series B preferred stock in October 1995 at $0.855 per share, net of issuance costs of $22 2,030 --
Sale of common stock in October 1995 at $0.05 per share 3 --
Sale of Series B preferred stock in December 1995 at $0.855 per share, net of issuance costs of $4 864 --
Issuance of common stock in exchange for investment in affiliate in December 1995 at $0.075 per
share 493 --
Issuance of Class B common stock in exchange for investment in affiliate in December 1995
at $5.00 per share -- --
Dividend of DIVA common stock received from affiliate in February 1996 at $0.075 per share (194) --
Exercise of common stock options in June 1996 at $0.10 per share 1 --
Net loss -- --
-------------- ------------
Balance as of June 30, 1996 3,346 --
Accretion of redeemable warrants (91) --
Issuance of Class C common stock in August 1996 at $0.82 per share in conjunction with Norstar
purchase 703 --
Sale of Series C preferred stock in August 1996 at $4.205 per share, net of issuance costs of $1,060 24,873 --
Exercise of common stock options 103 --
Net loss -- --
-------------- ------------
Balances at June 30, 1997 28,934 --
Accretion of redeemable warrants (763) --
Sales of Series D preferred stock in August and September 1997 at $5.72 per share,
net of issuance costs of $1,379 45,972 --
Issuance of common stock warrants in connection with notes payable issued in February 1998 18,057 --
Issuance of Series AA preferred stock at $6.50 per share and issuance of Series AA preferred
stock options in April 1998 in connection with SRTC purchase 23,046 --
Exercise of Series AA preferred stock options associated with SRTC purchase 3 --
Exercise of common stock options 270 --
Class A and B common stock assumed in connection with SRTC purchase -- --
Issuance of common stock in May 1998 at $2.40 per share in connection with research and
development arrangement 240 --
Net loss -- --
-------------- ------------
Balances as of June 30, 1998 115,759 --
Accretion of redeemable warrants (969) --
Deferred compensation expense on stock option issuances 1,986 (1,986)
Amortization of deferred compensation expense -- 738
Exercise of common stock options 305 --
Issuance of common stock in June 1999 at $3.35 per share as compensation for services 103 --
Repurchase of common stock (20) --
Exercise of Series AA preferred stock options 6 --
Net loss -- --
============== ============
Balances as of June 30, 1999 $117,170 $ (1,248)
============== ============
Deficit
accumulated
during the Total
development stockholders'
stage deficit
------------- ---------------
Sale of common stock in August 1995 at $0.005 per share $ -- $ 53
Exercise of common stock options in August 1995 at $0.005 per share -- 3
Sale of Series A preferred stock in August and September 1995 at $0.50 per share -- 103
Sale of Series B preferred stock in October 1995 at $0.855 per share, net of issuance costs of $22 -- 2,033
Sale of common stock in October 1995 at $0.05 per share -- 3
Sale of Series B preferred stock in December 1995 at $0.855 per share, net of issuance costs of $4 -- 865
Issuance of common stock in exchange for investment in affiliate in December 1995 at $0.075 per
share -- 499
Issuance of Class B common stock in exchange for investment in affiliate in December 1995
at $5.00 per share -- --
Dividend of DIVA common stock received from affiliate in February 1996 at $0.075 per share -- (196)
Exercise of common stock options in June 1996 at $0.10 per share -- 1
Net loss (11,273) (11,273)
----------- --------------
Balance as of June 30, 1996 (11,273) (7,909)
--
Accretion of redeemable warrants -- (91)
Issuance of Class C common stock in August 1996 at $0.82 per share in conjunction with Norstar
purchase -- 703
Sale of Series C preferred stock in August 1996 at $4.205 per share, net of issuance costs of $1,060 -- 24,879
Exercise of common stock options -- 105
Net loss (33,968) (33,968)
----------- --------------
Balances at June 30, 1997 (45,241) (16,281)
--
Accretion of redeemable warrants -- (763)
Sales of Series D preferred stock in August and September 1997 at $5.72 per share,
net of issuance costs of $1,379 -- 45,980
Issuance of common stock warrants in connection with notes payable issued in February 1998 -- 18,057
Issuance of Series AA preferred stock at $6.50 per share and issuance of Series AA preferred
stock options in April 1998 in connection with SRTC purchase -- 23,049
Exercise of Series AA preferred stock options associated with SRTC purchase -- 3
Exercise of common stock options -- 271
Class A and B common stock assumed in connection with SRTC purchase -- --
Issuance of common stock in May 1998 at $2.40 per share in connection with research and
development arrangement -- 240
Net loss (90,868) (90,868)
----------- --------------
Balances as of June 30, 1998 (136,109) (20,312)
Accretion of redeemable warrants -- (969)
Deferred compensation expense on stock option issuances -- --
Amortization of deferred compensation expense -- 738
Exercise of common stock options -- 305
Issuance of common stock in June 1999 at $3.35 per share as compensation for services -- 103
Repurchase of common stock -- (20)
Exercise of Series AA preferred stock options -- 6
Net loss (107,264) (107,264)
=========== ==============
Balances as of June 30, 1999 $(243,373) $ (127,413)
=========== ==============
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
-34-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands, except share data)
Period from
Years ended June 30, July 1, 1995
----------------------------------------- (inception) to
1997 1998 1999 June 30, 1999
-------- -------- -------- -----------------
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss $ (33,968) (90,868) (107,264) (243,373)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net
cash used in operating activities:
Acquired in-process research and development 4,061 24,321 -- 28,382
Depreciation and amortization 891 5,261 19,127 25,310
Amortization of intangible assets -- 45 178 223
Equity in loss of investee 2,080 1,631 -- 3,354
Loss on disposition of property and equipment -- -- 1,264 1,264
Amortization of debt issuance costs and
accretion of discount on notes payable 3,472 13,902 33,943 51,603
Issuance of stock for services -- 240 103 343
Amortization of deferred stock compensation -- -- 738 738
Extraordinary loss -- 10,676 -- 10,676
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets 3 (610) (1,368) (2,228)
Accounts payable 1,545 (2,659) (263) 157
Payable to related party (2,183) -- -- --
Other current liabilities 223 864 (79) 1,221
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------
Net cash used in operating activities (23,876) (37,197) (53,621) (122,330)
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment (6,044) (13,364) (13,497) (35,473)
Deposits on property and equipment (4,976) (1,631) -- (6,607)
Purchase of short-term investments -- (30,015) (113,072) (143,087)
Maturities/sales of short-term investments -- -- 101,589 101,589
Cash acquired in business combination -- 402 -- 402
Purchase of Norstar (3,358) -- -- (3,358)
Restricted cash released 9,500 3,230 -- 18,230
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------
Net cash used in investing activities (4,878) (41,378) (24,980) (68,304)
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of preferred stock 24,879 45,980 6 73,866
Exercise of stock options 105 274 305 688
Issuance of common stock -- -- (20) 36
Proceeds from notes payable, net of issuance costs -- 199,655 -- 205,302
Payments on notes payable -- (19) -- (19)
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------
Net cash provided by financing activities 24,984 245,890 291 279,873
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (3,770) 167,315 (78,310) 89,239
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year/period 4,004 234 167,549 --
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year/period $ 234 167,549 89,239 89,239
============ ============ =========== ============
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest $ 118 7 5 239
============ ============ =========== ============
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Issuance of common stock in exchange for
investment in affiliate $ -- 23,049 -- 23,548
============ ============ =========== ============
Receipt of DIVA stock dividend from affiliate $ -- -- -- 196
============ ============ =========== ============
Issuance of warrants in connection with notes
payable $ -- 18,057 -- 18,342
============ ============ =========== ============
Restricted cash received in connection with
issuance of notes payable $ -- -- -- 18,230
============ ============ =========== ============
Issuance of common stock in conjunction with
purchase of Norstar $ 703 -- -- 703
============ ============ =========== ============
Accretion of redeemable warrants $ 91 763 969 1,823
============ ============ =========== ============
Deferred compensation associated with
stock option activity $ -- -- 1,986 1,986
============ ============ =========== ============
Transfer of property and equipment to inventory $ -- -- 2,663 2,663
============ ============ =========== ============
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
-35-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(1) Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Description of Business
DIVA Systems Corporation (the Company) provides a true video-on-demand
(VOD) service over the cable television infrastructure. The Company
was incorporated on June 15, 1995. Since no activity occurred in the
Company between June 15, 1995 and June 30, 1995, the Company has used
July 1, 1995, as its inception date.
The Company is in the development stage, and its primary activities to
date have included raising capital, performing research and
development activities, developing strategic alliances, identifying
markets, and operationally testing its first field deployed system and
service.
(b) Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries in Canada
and the United Kingdom. All significant intercompany accounts and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
(c) Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid
investments such as money market funds and commercial paper with
maturities at date of purchase of less than 90 days.
Management determines the appropriate classification of investment
securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation as
of each balance sheet date. As of June 30, 1998 and 1999, all
investment securities were designated as "available-for-sale."
Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value based on
quoted market prices, with unrealized gains and losses, net of related
deferred income taxes, reported as a component of accumulated other
comprehensive income in stockholders' equity.
Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other
than temporary on available-for-sale securities are included in the
consolidated statement of operations. There have been no declines in
value judged to be other than temporary through June 30, 1999. The
cost of securities is based on the specific identification method.
Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale
are included in interest income.
(d) Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is
determined using the first-in, first-out method. Provisions to reduce
the carrying value of obsolete, slow moving and nonusable inventory to
net realizable value are charged to operations.
(e) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated
depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line
method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets,
generally three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized
over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the related lease
term.
-36-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(f) Debt Issuance Costs
Underwriting, legal, and accounting fees associated with the issuance
of the notes payable are being amortized to interest expense using the
effective interest method over the term of the notes. Amortization
expense in 1997, 1998, and 1999, and for the period from July 1, 1995
(inception) to June 30, 1999, was $188,000, $609,000, $1,409,000, and
$1,886,000, respectively.
(g) Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist principally of assembled workforce.
Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over three
years. Accumulated amortization as of June 30, 1999 was $223,000.
The Company's policy is to evaluate the excess of cost over the net
assets of businesses acquired based on an evaluation of such factors
as the occurrence of a significant adverse event or change in the
environment in which the business operates or if the expected future
net cash flows (undiscounted and without interest) would become less
than the carrying amount of the asset. An impairment loss would be
recorded in the period such determination is made based on the fair
value of the related business.
(h) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount
of an asset might not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be
held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an
asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset.
If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be
recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of
the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed
of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less
costs to sell.
(i) Stock-Based Compensation
The Company uses the intrinsic value-based method to account for all
of its employee stock-based compensation plans. The Company uses fair
value to account for nonemployee stock-based transactions.
(j) Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share
Basic and diluted net loss per share is computed using net loss
adjusted for the accretion of the redeemable warrants (see Note 4) and
the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock.
Potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the
computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of the
inclusion would be antidilutive. Notes 6, 7 and 8 of notes to
consolidated financial statements set forth information regarding
potentially dilutive securities.
(k) Stock Split
In March 1998, the Company effected a two-for-one stock split. All
applicable share and per share data have been adjusted for the stock
split.
(l) Revenue Recognition
Monthly customer subscription revenues and access revenues are
recognized in the period in which the services are provided.
-37-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(m) Engineering and Development
Engineering and development costs, including payments made in
conjunction with research and development arrangements, are charged to
operations as incurred.
(n) Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and
the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting
period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
(o) Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability
approach that results in the recognition of deferred tax assets and
liabilities for the expected future tax consequences attributable to
differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of
existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are
expected to be recovered or settled. The measurement of deferred tax
assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax
benefits whose future realization is uncertain.
(p) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amount of financial instruments, including cash, cash
equivalents, and short-term investment cash, approximated fair values
as of June 30, 1999, due to the relatively short maturity of these
instruments. The Company's notes payable are held by a number of
financial institutions and are not publicly traded. The Company
estimates that the fair value of the notes payable as of June 30,
1999, based on limited dealer transactions, approximated $148,160,000.
(q) Other Comprehensive Income
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 130, Reporting
Comprehensive Income. SFAS No. 130 establishes standards for reporting
and displaying comprehensive income and its components in financial
statements. The Company had no items of other comprehensive income in
all periods presented.
(r) New Accounting Pronouncements
In June 1998, SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities" was issued. SFAS No. 133 establishes accounting
and reporting standards for derivative instruments, hedging
activities, and exposure definition. SFAS No. 133 requires that an
entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in
the statement of financial position and measure those instruments at
fair value. The Statement is effective for all fiscal quarters of
fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. Earlier application of the
Statement is permitted. The Company does not expect it to have a
material impact on its consolidated results of operations or financial
position.
In March 1998, the AICPA issued SOP 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of
Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use," which
provides guidance on accounting for the costs of computer software
intended for internal use. SOP 98-1 must be adopted by the Company
effective as of Fiscal 2000 and is not expected to have a material
impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations or
financial position.
-38-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
In April 1998, the AICPA issued SOP No. 98-5, "Reporting on the Costs
of Start-Up Activities," which provides guidance on the financial
reporting of start-up costs and organization costs. It requires costs
of start-up activities and organization costs to be expensed as
incurred. SOP No. 98-5 is effective for financial statements for
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998. The Company does not
expect that the adoption of SOP 98-5 will have a material impact on
its consolidated financial statements.
(2) Financial Statement Details
(a) Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
As of June 30, 1998 and 1999 fair value estimated gross amortized
cost. The fair value of securities available for sale as of June 30,
1998 and 1999, are as follows (in thousands):
June 30,
-----------------------------
1998 1999
------------- -------------
Corporate bonds $ 1,008 --
U.S. government obligations 25,267 66,608
Commercial paper 40,314 36,752
Certificates of deposits -- 1,002
Money market intruments 102,675 875
Auction rate preferred stock certificates 28,300 25,500
------------- -------------
Total 197,564 130,737
Included in cash and cash equivalents 167,549 89,239
Included in short-term investments 30,015 41,498
------------- -------------
Total $ 197,564 130,737
============= =============
(b) Inventories
A summary of inventories at June 30, 1999 follows (in thousands):
Work-in-process $ 773
Finished goods 1,890
-----------
Total $ 2,663
===========
-39-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(c) Property and Equipment
A summary of property and equipment follows (in thousands):
June 30,
--------------------
1998 1999
--------- --------
Furniture and fixtures $ 653 806
Office equipment 2,771 318
Servers and related hardware 10,257 10,672
Computer and other equipment 10,094 11,943
Leasehold improvements 1,242 1,363
Construction-in-progress 515 --
--------- --------
25,532 25,102
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 6,183 15,310
--------- --------
$ 19,349 9,792
========= ========
In June 1999, the Company recast its business model resulting in a
write-down of $9,104,000 for video servers and server related
hardware. This charge is included in depreciation and amortization
expense for the year ended June 30, 1999. In addition, the Company
reclassified $2,663,000 from fixed assets to inventory at June 30,
1999 as a result of the change in its business model.
(d) Other Current Liabilities
A summary of other current liabilities follows (in thousands):
June 30,
------------------------------
1998 1999
------------ ------------
Accrued compensation $ 644 899
Other accrued liabilities 656 322
------------ ------------
$ 1,300 1,221
============ ============
-40-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(3) Affiliate Transactions
(a) Initial Investment
In December 1995, the Company entered into a joint equity
investment and license agreement (the License Agreement) with
SRTC, whereby the Company acquired 8,067,074 shares of SRTC
common stock, representing approximately 40% ownership interest
in the equity of SRTC on a fully diluted basis, in exchange for
6,654,000 shares of the Company's common stock, plus two shares
of Class B common stock. This transaction was recorded at the
estimated fair value of the Company's common stock issued. The
value of DIVA's common stock, estimated at $0.075 per share, was
determined by the board of directors based on the current
financial condition, business outlook, status of product
development efforts, preferences of outstanding senior
securities, book value, and business risks and opportunities
relevant to the Company. The Company had sold preferred stock in
December 1995 at $0.825 per share. There were no significant
contemporaneous sales of common stock for cash during this time.
This investment was accounted for using the equity method.
In February 1996, SRTC effected a pro rata dividend distribution
to its stockholders of substantially all the Company's common
stock held by SRTC. SRTC's Board of Directors believed
shareholder value would be enhanced by distributing the Company's
common stock directly to the SRTC shareholders. Accordingly, as a
result of its 40% ownership, the Company received 2,618,898
shares in conjunction with this distribution; however, the
Company's ownership percentage in SRTC remained unchanged as a
result of the transaction. The transaction was accounted for as a
retirement of common stock at historical cost, which approximated
fair value. A certain shareholder (and board member) who also
owned SRTC common stock received additional DIVA common stock as
a result of this distribution.
On December 4, 1997, the Company and SRTC entered into a
Development Services Agreement. The Development Services
Agreement required the Company to pay SRTC $4,900,000 in
development fees in exchange for SRTC's continued technology
development of the Sarnoff Server, for the Company's
video-on-demand service. In addition, the Company agreed to pay
$2,300,000 for servers to be delivered in fiscal 1998 and 1999.
For the year ended June 30, 1998, the Company paid $2,950,000 for
engineering and development expense and $2,300,000 for servers
under the Development Services Agreement.
(b) Acquisition of SRTC
On January 15, 1998, the Company and SRTC executed an Agreement
and Plan of Reorganization setting forth their agreement to merge
SRTC into the Company, with the Company as the surviving
corporation (the "SRTC Transaction"). On that date, the Company
held approximately 40% of the outstanding capital stock of SRTC.
In exchange for the remaining approximately 60% of the issued and
outstanding stock of SRTC, the Company issued 3,277,539 shares of
Series AA preferred stock valued at $6.50 per share. The fair
value was determined by the Board of Directors based on the most
recent sales of preferred securities and the then current
financial condition of the Company, as well as other business
considerations. In addition, the Company reserved 276,792 shares
of its Series AA preferred stock for issuance upon exercise of
options assumed by the Company in the transaction. These options
were valued at $1,744,000 using the Black-Scholes option pricing
model and were included in the purchase price. Assumptions used
were as follows: Expected life of 3 years; Volatility of 90%;
Dividend yield of 0%; Risk-free rate of 5.62%. The Company also
reserved 380,767 shares of its common stock for use in connection
with the future issuance of options to SRTC employees (see Note
8). The purchase price of $23,049,000 is comprised of the fair
value of the preferred stock issued ($21,305,000) and the fair
value of options assumed ($1,744,000).
-41-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
The Company completed the SRTC Transaction in April 1998. The
Company accounted for the merger as a purchase, and, accordingly,
the operating results of SRTC have been included in the Company's
consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.
The Company allocated the purchase price based on an appraisal by
an independent third party using the cost approach, which is the
approach often used to value an early stage technology. The
allocation of the purchase price is as follows: $2,886,000 to the
fair value of acquired assets; $4,693,000 to assumed liabilities;
$535,000 to assumed work force; and $24,321,000 to acquired
in-process research and development. The acquired in-process
research and development has not yet reached technological
feasibility and has no future alternative use until it is further
developed. The Company believes it will have to incur a
significant amount of research and development to develop the
in-process technology into a commercially viable product. There
were no contingent payments, options, or commitments included in
the purchase.
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated results of
operations have been prepared as if the acquisition of SRTC had
occurred as of the beginning of fiscal 1997 and 1998:
Year ended June 30,
-----------------------------------------
1997 1998
------------------- -------------------
(in thousands, except per share data)
Net loss before
extraordinary item $ 61,491 82,716
Net loss 61,491 93,392
Basic and diluted
net loss per
share before
extraordinary item 4.01 5.08
Basic and diluted net
loss per share 4.01 5.72
The pro forma results include amortization of the assumed
workforce of $178,000 for the years ended June 30, 1997 and 1998.
The pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of what
actually would have occurred if the acquisition had been
completed as of the beginning of each of the fiscal periods
presented, nor are they necessarily indicative of future
consolidated results.
(4) Notes Payable
Notes payable as of June 30, 1997, were comprised of $47,000,000 of
Subordinated Discount Notes (the 1996 Notes) due May 15, 2006, issued
as 47,000 units of one note and one warrant to purchase 40.4 shares of
common stock at $0.005 per share (the 1996 Warrants). The 1996 Notes
were subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness of the
Company.
Pursuant to the 1996 Notes, approximately $18,000,000 of restricted
cash was deposited in an escrow account during 1996, subject to
completion of specified performance milestones. In the event
milestones were not achieved, the Company would have been required to
retire the 1996 Notes up to the amount of the remaining restricted
cash. As of June 30, 1997 and 1998, approximately $15,000,000 and
$18,230,000, respectively, of restricted cash had been released.
The 1996 Notes were initially zero coupon, with an original issue
discount that accreted to interest expense at an effective rate of
13.8% per annum, compounded semiannually. Commencing November 15,
2001, cash interest would have been payable on the 1996 Notes
semiannually in arrears on each May 15 and November 15 at the rate of
13% per annum. Under certain provisions of the indenture, the interest
rate could have been increased to 15% per annum in May 1999.
-42-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
Pursuant to a warrant agreement dated as of May 15, 1996 by and between the
Company and The Bank of New York as the warrant agent, in the event the Company
has not consummated an initial public offering of its Common Stock prior to May
15, 2006, holders of the 1996 Warrants may require the Company (i) to repurchase
the 1996 Warrants (the "Put") at the fair market value of the underlying Common
Stock (the "Put Price") or (ii) to extend the expiration date of the 1996
Warrants to May 15, 2011, at which time the holders may exercise the Put at the
Put Price. At May 15, 1996 a value of $285,000 was ascribed to the 1996 Warrants
and recorded as redeemable warrants since the warrant holders, under certain
circumstances, may require the Company to purchase the warrants at fair value on
May 15, 2006. The redeemable warrants are being accreted to their redemption
value by May 15, 2006.
In connection with the Company's February 1998 debt offering discussed below,
all the outstanding 1996 Notes were exchanged. For the year ended June 30, 1998,
the Company recorded an extraordinary loss of $10,676,000 resulting from the
exchange of the 1996 Notes.
On February 19, 1998, the Company completed a debt offering for $463,000,000 of
12-5/8% Senior Discount Notes (the "1998 Notes") due March 1, 2008. The 1998
Notes consist of 463,000 units, of which 404,998 were offered for sale and
58,002 were offered in exchange for all of the 1996 Notes. Each unit consists of
one 1998 Note due 2008 and three warrants each to purchase two shares of the
Company's common stock at $0.005 per share (the "1998 Warrants"). The 1998 Notes
are senior unsecured indebtedness of the Company and rank pari passu with any
future unsubordinated unsecured indebtedness and will be senior to any future
subordinated indebtedness of the Company.
The 1998 Notes were issued at a substantial discount of $212,980,000. Commencing
March 1, 2003, cash interest will be payable on the notes semiannually in
arrears on each March 1 and September 1 at the rate of 12-5/8% per annum. Under
certain provisions of the indenture, the interest rate could be increased.
Pursuant to a warrant agreement dated as of February 19, 1998 by and between the
Company and The Bank of New York as the warrant agent, upon the occurrence of
certain consolidations and mergers and assets sales and subject to certain
conditions and limitations, the Company will be required to offer to repurchase
all outstanding 1998 Warrants at the Repurchase Price, as defined.
The gross proceeds to the Company from the debt offering were $250,020,000. In
connection with the offering, the Company recorded $18,057,000 in additional
paid-in capital representing the fair value of the warrants calculated using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model. Assumptions used were as follows: Expected
life of 10 years; Volatility of 50%; Dividend yield of 0%; Risk-free rate of 6%.
In addition, the Company recorded an extraordinary loss of $10,676,000,
consisting primarily of a cash premium paid to holders of the 1996 Notes,
resulting from the exchange of the 1996 Notes.
The effective interest rate of the 1998 Notes, reflecting the allocation for
warrants and costs associated with the debt offering, is 14.1%.
-43-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
The 1998 Notes are callable at a declining premium after March 1, 2003, after
which the Company may redeem in whole or in part the 1998 Notes prior to March
1, 2003, by paying a specified premium over the accreted principal value. The
redemption premiums are as follows, during the period commencing March 1 of such
year:
Year Percentage
- -------------------- -------------------
2001 106.31%
2002 104.20%
2003 102.10%
2004 and thereafer 100.00%
In addition, at any time prior to March 1, 2001, the Company may redeem up to
35% of the accreted value of the 1998 Notes with the proceeds of one or more
sales of the Company's stock, at any time or from time to time in part, at a
redemption price of 112.625% of the accreted value plus accrued and unpaid
interest provided that the 1998 Notes, representing at least $301,000,000
aggregate principal amount at maturity, remain outstanding after each such
redemption.
As of June 30, 1999, notes payable consist of the following (in thousands):
Principal - 1998 Notes $ 463,000
Discount - 1998 Notes (231,037)
Amortized Discount - 1998 Notes 43,563
Other 38
-----------
Total $ 275,564
===========
(5) Income Taxes
Total income tax benefit differs from expected tax benefit (computed by
multiplying the U.S. income statutory rate of 34% by loss before income
tax) as a result of the following (in thousands):
Year ended June 30,
-----------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------------ ------------ ------------
Expected tax benefit $ (11,549) (31,062) (36,470)
Net operating losses and temporary
differences for which no benefit
was recognized 11,134 22,455 36,211
In-process research and development
expense 388 8,451 --
Other permanent differences 27 156 259
-------- -------- --------
Total $ -- -- --
======== ======== ========
-44-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions
of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
June 30,
----------------------
1998 1999
---------- ----------
Deferred tax assets:
Loss carryovers and deferred start-up expenditures $ 39,891 62,552
Technology asset 1,683 --
State tax credit carryforwards 2,130 6,360
Debt financing costs 4,568 18,944
Accruals, reserves, and other 364 3,319
Fixed assets 47 2,839
-------- --------
Total gross deferred tax assets 48,683 94,014
Valuation allowance (48,683) (93,880)
-------- --------
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance -- 134
Deferred tax liabilities -- (134)
-------- --------
Net deferred tax asset $ -- --
======== ========
Because the Company has incurred significant net losses and the realization of
its deferred tax assets is dependent upon the Company's ability to successfully
develop and market its video-on-demand service, a valuation allowance has been
recorded against such deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance increased
$45,197,000 from June 30, 1998 to June 30, 1999.
As of June 30, 1999, the Company has cumulative federal net operating losses of
approximately $152,325,000, which can be used to offset future income subject to
federal income taxes. The federal tax loss carryforwards will expire beginning
in 2011 through 2019. As of June 30, 1999, the Company has cumulative California
net operating losses of approximately $82,004,000, which can be used to offset
future income subject to California taxes. The California tax loss carryforwards
will expire in 2004. As of June 30, 1999, the Company has cumulative New Jersey
net operating losses of approximately $6,514,000, which can be used to offset
future income subject to New Jersey taxes. The New Jersey tax loss carryforwards
will expire beginning in 2006 through 2007. As of June 30, 1999, the Company has
cumulative Pennsylvania net operating losses of approximately $7,070,000, which
can be used to offset future income subject to Pennsylvania taxes. The
Pennsylvania tax loss carryforwards will expire beginning in 2001 through 2002.
As of June 30, 1999, the Company has federal research tax credit carryforwards
for income tax return purposes of approximately $4,207,000 available to reduce
future income subject to income taxes. The federal research credit carryforwards
expire beginning in 2011 through 2019. As of June 30, 1999, the Company has
unused California research and development tax credits of approximately
$2,109,000; these research credits will carryforward indefinitely until
utilized.
Federal and state tax laws impose restrictions on the utilization of net
operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in the event of an "ownership
change" as defined by the Internal Revenue code. The Company has not yet
determined to what extent these provisions will restrict its ability to utilize
its net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards pursuant to these
provisions.
-45-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(6) Preferred Stock
The Company has authorized 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock as of
June 30, 1999, of which the following are designated as issued and
outstanding:
Shares
Shares issued and
designated outstanding
------------------ ------------------
Series:
AA 3,750,000 3,316,651
A 205,600 205,600
B 4,493,748 3,419,842
C 6,918,600 6,168,600
D 8,517,352 8,279,590
------------------ ------------------
23,885,300 21,390,283
================== ==================
The rights, preferences, and privileges of these series of preferred
stock are explained below.
(a) Conversion
Each share of preferred stock is convertible into common stock at
the option of the holder at a rate of one share of common stock
for each share of preferred stock, subject to adjustment to
protect against dilution. Each share of Series D preferred stock
shall automatically be converted into shares of common stock
immediately prior to the closing of an underwritten public
offering of at least $6.80 per share and an aggregate offering
price of not less than $15,000,000. Each share of Series C
preferred stock shall automatically be converted into shares of
common stock immediately prior to the closing of an underwritten
public offering of at least $5.00 per share and an aggregate
offering price of not less than $15,000,000. Each share of Series
A and B preferred stock shall automatically be converted into
shares of common stock immediately prior to the closing of an
underwritten public offering of at least $2.00 per share and an
aggregate offering price of not less than $10,000,000. Each share
of Series AA preferred stock shall automatically be converted
into shares of common stock immediately prior to the closing of
an underwritten public offering with an aggregate offering price
of not less than $15,000,000. The Company has reserved 23,651,698
shares of common stock in the event of conversion.
(b) Liquidation Preferences
In the event of liquidation or sale of the Company, distributions
to the Company's stockholders shall be made in the following
manner: first, $5.72 per share for Series D preferred stock and
$4.205 per share for Series C preferred stock; then $0.855 per
share for Series B preferred stock; then $0.50 per share for
Series A preferred stock; and then $6.50 per share for Series AA
preferred stock. The holders of preferred stock are further
entitled to any remaining assets which will be distributed
ratably among the holders of Class C common stock (see Note 7),
common stock, and preferred stock on an "as if converted" basis
after payment of preferential amounts to the holders of Class C
common stock, common stock, and Class B common stock.
-46-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(a) Voting
Holders of preferred stock are entitled to one vote for each
share of common stock into which such shares can be converted.
(b) Dividends
In any fiscal year, the Company's Board of Directors may declare
noncumulative cash dividends out of legally available assets at
the rates of $0.03, $0.055, $0.25, $0.345, and $0.39 per share
for Series A, B, C, D, and AA preferred stock, respectively. If
declared, such dividends must be paid before any dividends on
common stock. The holders of Series D and C preferred stock have
preference and priority to any payment of any dividend on Series
A, B, and AA preferred stock and common stock. The holders of
Series B preferred stock have preference and priority to any
payment of any dividend on Series A and AA preferred stock and
common stock. The holders of Series A preferred stock have
preference and priority to any payment of any dividend on Series
AA preferred stock and common stock. The holders of Series AA
preferred stock have preference and priority to any payment of
any dividend on common stock. As of June 30, 1998 and 1999, no
dividends had been declared.
(7) Common Stock
The Company has authorized 65,000,000 shares of common stock as of
June 30, 1999, of which two shares have been designated Class B common
stock and 857,370 shares have been designated Class C common stock. As
of June 30, 1999, 16,606,204 shares of common stock and 857,370 shares
of Class C common stock were issued and outstanding.
The relative designations, rights, preferences, and restrictions of
the Class B and C common stock are as follows:
(a) Conversion
Each share of Class C common stock is convertible into common
stock at the option of the holder at a rate of one share of
common stock for each share of Class C common stock, subject to
adjustment to protect against dilution. Each share of Class C
common stock shall automatically be converted into shares of
common stock immediately prior to the closing of an underwritten
public offering of at least $2.00 per share and an aggregate
offering price of not less than $10,000,000.
(b) Liquidation Preferences
In the event of any liquidation and after payment to all holders
of preferred stock of their full preferential amounts, the
holders of Class C common stock shall be paid $0.82 per share. If
there are insufficient funds to distribute among all holders of
Class C common stock, then the entire remaining assets shall be
distributed among the holders of Class C common stock on a pro
rata basis. After payment to the holders of Class C common stock,
then the holders of common stock shall be entitled to $0.025 per
share. After payment to the holders of common stock, the holders
of Class B common stock shall be entitled to $5.00 per share. Any
remaining assets shall be distributed to all holders of Series A,
B, and C preferred stock, Class C common stock, and common stock
on a pro rata basis, based on the number of shares of common
stock on an "as if converted" basis.
-47-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(c) Dividends
No dividends shall be paid on any share of common stock unless a
dividend is paid on shares of Series A, B, C, D, and AA preferred
stock.
In August and October 1995, in connection with a consulting
agreement, 1,294,000 shares of the Company's common stock were
sold at fair value, $0.005 per share, subject to repurchase by
the Company. The Company's right to repurchase lapses through
October 1997 for 360,000 shares. The Company's right to
repurchase the remaining 934,000 shares lapses based on the
Company's ability to secure financing. As of June 30, 1999, no
shares remained subject to repurchase.
(8) Options and Warrants
(a) Options and Warrants
In connection with the issuance of the 1996 Notes the fair value
of the Common Stock warrants was determined to be $285,000 using
the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following
assumptions: Expected life of 10 years; Volatility of 50%;
Dividend yield of 0%; Risk-free rate of 6% (see note 4). Each
warrant entitles the holder to purchase 40.4 shares of common
stock for $0.005 per share. The warrants expire on the earlier of
an exercise event, as defined, or 10 years from the date of
issuance.
Warrants to purchase 1,073,906 shares of Series B preferred stock
at $0.855 and $1.50 per share were issued in October 1995 and May
1996, respectively, in connection with bridge financings that
were repaid in October 1995 and June 1996, respectively. The term
of these warrants is five years from date of issue. The fair
value of these warrants, totaling approximately $207,000, was
calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the
following assumptions: Expected life of 3 years; Volatility of
50%; Dividend yield of 0%; Risk-free rate of 6%.
In June 1996, the Company's Board of Directors granted warrants
to key contractors to purchase 71,000 shares of the Company's
common stock at a price of $2.00 per share. The term of these
warrants is 10 years, and these warrants only become exercisable
upon the earlier of 5 years from the date of grant or upon the
closing of an initial public offering of the Company's stock or
an acquisition of the Company. The fair value of these warrants,
totaling approximately $1,000, was calculated using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following
assumptions: Expected life of 3 years; Volatility of 50%;
Dividend yield of 0%; Risk-free rate of 6%. During the year ended
June 30, 1998, warrants to purchase 5,000 shares of the Company's
common stock were canceled.
In October 1996, the Company issued warrants to an employee to
purchase 1,000,000 shares of Series C preferred stock at $4.21
per share. These warrants are immediately exercisable and expire
in 5 years. In August 1997, warrants to purchase 650,000 shares
were canceled.
In October 1996, the Company also issued warrants to purchase
200,000 shares of Series C preferred stock at $4.21 per share to
a vendor for consideration of future marketing services. These
warrants vest at a rate of 5% every three months starting after
October 1996. The term of these warrants is five years from the
date of issue. This determination was made based upon the fair
value of these warrants, totaling approximately $434,000, which
would have been amortized over the term of the warrant. Fair
value was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model
with the following assumptions: Expected life of 5 years;
Volatility of 50%; Dividend yield of 0%; Risk-free rate of 6%.
-48-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
In October 1996, the Company also issued warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of
Series C preferred stock at $4.21 per share to a customer. These warrants are
exercisable in full upon the occurrence of certain events. The term of the
warrants is 10 years from the date of issue. This determination was based upon
the fair value of these warrants, totaling approximately $270,000, and was
calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following
assumptions: Expected life of 2 years; Volatility of 50%; Dividend yield of 0%;
Risk-free rate of 6%.
In October 1997, the Company issued warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of
Series D preferred stock at $5.72 per share to a customer. The warrants are
immediately exercisable and expire 5 years from date of issue. The fair value of
these warrants, totaling approximately $590,000, was calculated using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Expected life
of 5 years; Volatility of 50%; Dividend yield of 0%; Risk-free rate of 6%.
In connection with the issuance of the 1998 Notes (see Note 4), $18,057,000 of
the proceeds has been allocated to the common stock warrants. Such amount has
been included in debt discount and is being amortized to interest expense using
the effective interest method over the period that the 1998 Notes are
outstanding. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase two shares of common
stock for $0.005 per share for an aggregate of 2,778,000 shares of common stock.
The warrants are exercisable beginning one year after the closing date of the
1998 Notes and expire upon maturity of the 1998 Notes.
In May 1998, the Company's Board of Directors granted warrants to consultants to
purchase 20,000 shares of the Company's common stock at a price of $4.00 per
share. The term of these warrants is 10 years, and these warrants only become
exercisable upon the earlier of 5 years from the date of grant or upon the
closing of an initial public offering of Company's common stock or an
acquisition of the Company. The fair value of these warrants, totaling
approximately $29,000 to be amortized over the vesting period, 4 years, was
calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following
assumptions: Expected life of 10 years; Volatility of 50%; Dividend yield of 0%;
Risk-free rate of 6%.
In November 1998, the Company's Board of Directors granted warrants to an
employee to purchase 650,000 shares of the Company's common stock at a price of
$8.00 per share. The term of these warrants is 10 years from the date of issue.
These warrants vested at a rate of 50,000 shares every three months starting
August 1998. In March 1999, the employee was terminated and unvested warrants to
purchase 550,000 shares were canceled.
In December 1998, in connection with a deployment agreement, the Company
undertook to grant warrants to purchase a maximum of 2,200,000 shares of a new
series of preferred stock, convertible one for one to common stock upon the
earlier of either an initial public offering of the Company's stock or an
acquisition of the Company at an exercise price of $8.00 per share. The
warrants only become exercisable upon the customer meeting certain service
deployment milestones. The Company is valuing the warrants using the Black-
Scholes model as of each interim date until the achievement of certain
milestones have been met. The resulting valuation is being amortized over a
period from granting of the warrant and ending on the date of the expected
achievement of the milestones. As of June 30, 1999 no warrants were
exercisable.
In June 1999, in connection with a deployment agreement, the Company undertook
to grant warrants to purchase 275,000 shares of a new series of preferred
stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per share. The warrants become exercisable
upon the customer's ability to meet certain annual service deployment
milestones, over a period of 3 years. The Company is valuing the warrants
using the Black-Scholes model as of each interim date until the achievement of
certain milestones have been met. The resulting valuation is being amortized
over a period from granting of the warrant and ending on the date of the
expected achievement of the milestones. As of June 30, 1999 no warrants were
exercisable.
The fair value of all warrant issuances was calculated using the Black-Scholes
option pricing model.
-49-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(b) Stock Plans
In August 1995, the Company adopted the 1995 Stock Plan (the 1995 Plan)
under which incentive stock options and nonstatutory stock options may be
granted to employees and consultants of the Company. An aggregate of
8,200,000 shares of common stock is reserved for issuance under the 1995
Plan. The exercise price for incentive stock options is at least 100% of
the fair market value on the date of grant for employees owning less than
10% of the voting power of all classes of stock and at least 110% of the
fair market value on the date of grant for employees owning more than 10%
of the voting power of all classes of stock. For nonstatutory stock
options, the exercise price is at least 110% of the fair market value on
the date of grant for employees owning more than 10% of the voting power of
all classes of stock and at least 85% for employees owning less than 10% of
the voting power of all classes of stock. Options generally expire in 10
years; however, they may be limited to 5 years if the optionee owns stock
representing more than 10% of the Company. Vesting periods are determined
by the Company's Board of Directors and generally provide for ratable
vesting over 4 to 5 years.
In August 1995, the Company granted immediately exercisable nonstatutory
stock options to the founders of the Company, subject to repurchase by the
Company at a rate equivalent to the vesting schedule of each option. As of
June 30, 1997, 1998 and 1999, 392,400, 261,600 and 277,380 shares,
respectively, were subject to repurchase.
In April 1998, in connection with the merger of SRTC, the Company adopted
the 1998 Stock Plan (the "1998 Plan") whereby the Company reserved 380,767
shares of its common stock for issuance through incentive stock options and
nonstatutory stock options to employees, directors, and consultants of
SRTC. In April 1998, all options under the 1998 Plan were granted at an
exercise price of $2.40. The options expire 10 years from the vesting
commencement date, generally the hire date. The options are exercisable in
accordance with the following vesting schedule: 10% of the shares subject
to option shall vest 6 months after the vesting commencement date and 5% of
the shares subject to option shall vest each 3-month period thereafter.
However, in the event that the option holder is no longer a service
provider to the Company prior to October 1, 1998, no shares subject to the
option shall vest.
In April 1998, in connection with the merger of SRTC, the Company reserved
276,792 shares of its Series AA preferred stock for issuance upon exercise
of options to purchase common stock of SRTC, which were assumed by the
Company. Each option assumed by the Company continues to be subject to the
terms and conditions, including vesting, set forth in the original SRTC
option plan. All stock options have 10 year terms and vest ratably over 4
years from the date of grant. During the year ended June 30, 1998 and 1999,
21,116 and 17,996 options were exercised, respectively. As of June 30, 1999
195,250 shares were vested.
The Board of Directors is entitled in its discretion to grant options
("Out of Plan Options") with vesting periods which are different from the
standard five year period and with variable exercise prices. In a limited
number of instances, the Compensation Committee has exercised its
discretion and has granted options with both shorter and longer vesting
periods than the standard five year period and at variable exercise
prices (all of which were equal to or greater than fair market value at
date of grant). There were 1,918,608 options outstanding as of June 30,
1999.
In January 1999 the President was granted Out of Plan options to purchase
600,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.35 per share
(the "First Option"), and additional options to purchase 600,000 shares
of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.35 per share, an option to
purchase 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $4.50 per
share and an option to purchase 200,000 shares of Common Stock at an
exercise price of $8.00 per share, which options vest over five-years.
All such options shall become fully exercisable on the earlier of six
months from the date of a "Change of Control" (as defined in the
agreement) or the termination of the President's employment after a
Change of Control without "Cause" (as defined in the agreement). The
President is entitled to return the First Option in exchange for a lump
sum payment beginning on the first anniversary of the commencement of his
employment. Should this election be made between February 2001 and 2004,
he will receive $1,920,000. As of June 30, 1999 the Company had accrued
$310,000 relating to this obligation.
-50-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(c) Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
The Company uses the intrinsic value method in accounting for its common
stock option plans. Accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized
in the accompanying consolidated financial statements because the exercise
price of each option approximated the fair value of the underlying common
stock as of the grant date for each stock option. The Company considered
the cash sales of preferred stock in determining the fair value of its
common stock. Compensation cost related to grants to nonemployees in 1997,
1998 and 1999 was not material. Had compensation cost for the Company's
stock-based compensation plan been determined consistent with SFAS No. 123,
the Company's pro forma net loss would have been increased to approximately
$34,056,000, $91,081,000, $107,735,000 and $244,150,000 for the years ended
June 30, 1997, 1998, and 1999, and for the period from July 1, 1995
(inception) to June 30, 1999, respectively.
Pro forma net loss reflects only options granted in 1997, 1998 and 1999.
Therefore, the full impact of calculating compensation cost for stock
options under SFAS No. 123 is not reflected in the pro forma net loss
amounts presented above because compensation cost is reflected over the
options' vesting period of five years and compensation cost for options
granted prior to July 31, 1996, is not considered.
The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the
minimum value method with the following weighted-average assumptions:
Years ended June 30,
----------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------- ------- -------
Expected life 3.52 years 3.18 years 3.18 years
Risk-free interest rate 6.21% 5.64% 4.99%
A summary of the status of the Company's common stock option plans follows:
1997 1998 1999
--------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------
Weighted- Weighted- Weighted-
average average average
exercise exercise exercise
Shares price Shares price Shares price
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Outstanding at
beginning of year 841,000 $ 0.13 3,118,500 $ 0.52 5,200,260 $ 1.13
Granted 2,621,000 0.63 2,903,150 1.63 4,044,695 3.58
Exercised (301,000) 0.35 (565,050) 0.47 (278,120) 1.10
Canceled (42,500) 0.51 (256,340) 0.91 (1,091,090) 1.74
-------------- -------------- ---------------
Outstanding at
end of year 3,118,500 0.52 5,200,260 1.13 7,875,745 2.30
============== ============== ===============
Options exercisable
at end of year 429,200 0.25 1,135,868 0.63 2,051,175 1.23
============== ============== ===============
Weighted-average fair
value of options
granted during the
year at market 0.24 0.22 0.54
-51-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
The following table summarizes information about common stock options
outstanding as of June 30, 1999:
Outstanding Exercisable
--------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
Weighted-
average Weighted-
remaining Weighted average
Exercise Number contractual average Number exercise
prices outstanding life (years) exercise price exercisable price
- ---------------------------- ---------------- ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- ------------------
$ 0.05 - $ 1.25 3,256,010 7.65 $ 0.779 1,471,680 $ 0.679
2.40 - 3.35 4,019,735 9.31 3.035 579,495 2.632
4.50 - 8.00 600,000 9.70 5.667 0 0.000
---------------- ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- ------------------
0.05 - 8.00 7,875,745 8.65 $ 2.303 2,051,175 $ 1.231
================ ================= ================== ================= ==================
(9) Relationship with Systems Integrator
The Company has a license agreement with a systems integrator (the
"Integrator") whose primary market is the U.S. Federal Government, under
which the Company granted the Integrator exclusive rights to the U.S.
Government Intelligence and Surveillance market sectors. Commencing January
1, 2000, the Integrator shall pay the Company a running royalty of 5% of
gross sales by the Integrator with a minimum of $500,000 per year. The
Integrator may cancel this agreement upon 180 days written notice to the
Company. The Company may cancel this agreement upon the occurrence of
certain events.
(10) Acquisition of Norstar Multimedia, Inc.
On July 22, 1996, the Company acquired Norstar Multimedia, Inc. in a
business combination accounted for by the purchase method. The purchase
price of $4,061,000 was paid in the form of $3,358,000 in cash and 857,370
shares of Class C common stock at $0.82 per share. There were no contingent
payments, options, or commitments included in the purchase.
The entire purchase price of $4,061,000 was allocated to the acquisition of
in-process research and development and was charged to expense during the
year ended June 30, 1997. The Company acquired Norstar because Norstar was
developing a business model for a consumer-based VOD service, similar to
the Company's, and had developed very preliminary technology related to a
set-top box for a VOD service. However, the Norstar technology had not
reached technological feasibility, i.e., no working prototype was ever
developed, and there was no future alternative use for this technology.
After acquiring Norstar, the Company analyzed the acquired technology and
identified its weaknesses. Based upon its review, the Company determined it
did not intend to pursue any further development of the acquired technology
or integrate Norstar's technology into the Company's. The Company's
decision not to use the Norstar technology was made in the same period as
the acquisition.
-52-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(11) Commitments and Contingencies
(a) Leases
The Company leases its facilities under operating leases. The future
minimum lease payments pursuant to these leases are as follows (in
thousands):
Year ending
June 30,
-----------
2000 $ 2,298
2001 2,098
2002 1,614
2003 1,657
2004 and thereafter 11,544
Total rent expense for the years ended June 30, 1997, 1998, and 1999,
and for the period from July 1, 1995 (inception) to June 30, 1999, was
$223,000, $597,000, $1,583,000, and $2,439,000, respectively.
(b) Litigation
The Company is a party to certain claims arising out of the normal
conduct of its business. While the ultimate resolution of such claims
against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, management
expects that these matters will not have a material adverse effect on
the consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash
flows of the Company.
(12) Segment Information
The Company has adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 131, Disclosure About
Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. SFAS 131 establishes
standards for the reporting by public business enterprises of information
about operating segments, products and services, geographic areas, and
major customers. The method for determining what information to report is
based on the way that management organizes the operating segments within
the Company for making operating decisions and assessing financial
performance.
The Company's chief operating decision-maker is considered to be the
Company's Chief Executive Officer. The CEO reviews financial information
presented on a consolidated basis accompanied by disaggregated information
about revenue by geographic region for purposes of making operating
decisions and assessing financial performance. The consolidated financial
information reviewed by the CEO is identical to the information presented
in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Therefore, the
Company has one reportable segment.
-53-
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 1998 and 1999
(13) Quarterly Data (unaudited) (in thousands, except per share amounts):
1999 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
- ---- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Revenue $ 63 $ 57 $ 107 $ 66
Net operating loss 15,436 17,823 21,006 27,677
Net loss 20,783 23,893 27,630 34,958
Net loss per share $ 1.24 $ 1.40 $ 0.62 $ 2.03
Net loss for the fourth quarter of 1999 includes a $9.1 million
write-down of fixed assets (see Note 2).
1998 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
- ---- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Revenue $ -- $ 5 $ 12 $ 65
Net operating loss 9,437 9,543 11,966 39,517
Loss before extraordinary item 10,238 10,313 15,219 44,422
Extraordinary item -- -- 10,676 --
Net loss 10,238 10,313 25,895 44,422
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Loss before extraordinary item 0.65 0.70 0.93 2.70
Extraordinary loss - -- -- 0.64 --
early extinguishment of debt
Net loss per share $ 0.65 $ 0.70 $ 1.57 $ 2.70
Net loss for the fourth quarter of 1998 includes a $24.3 million
charge to acquired in-process research and development in connection
with the acquisition of SRTC (see Note 3).
-54-
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
-55-
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Set forth below are the names, ages, and positions of the directors and
executive officers of the Company as of August 31, 1999. All directors hold
office until their successors are duly elected and qualified and all executive
officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors.
Name Age Position
- ---------------------- --- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Paul M. Cook 75 Chairman of the Board
David F. Zucker 37 President and Chief Executive Officer
Christopher W. Goode 47 Executive Vice President, Engineering and Chief Technology Officer
F. Ray McDevitt 55 Executive Vice President, Marketing and Product Management
Tim N. Rea 44 Executive Vice President, Operations and Chief Operating Officer
Stephanie A. Storms 49 Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
William M. Scharninghausen 43 Vice President, Finance and Administration, and Chief Financial Officer
Alan H. Bushell 52 Director
John W. Goddard 58 Director
Jules Haimovitz 48 Director
John A. Rollwagen 59 Director
Barry E. Taylor 51 Director and Assistant Secretary
Paul M. Cook founded the Company in 1995 and has served as its Chairman of
the Board and its Chief Executive Officer until February 1999. Mr. Cook was
Chairman of the Board of SRI, one of the world's largest contract research
firms, from December 1993 to July 1998 and has served as a member of its Board
of Directors since 1987. Mr. Cook is also Chairman of Sarnoff and a director of
SRTC. Mr. Cook founded Raychem Corporation ("Raychem"), in 1957 to develop
commercial applications for radiation chemistry. Mr. Cook served as Chief
Executive Officer of Raychem for 33 years before retiring in 1990 and served on
its Board of Directors until 1996. From 1990 to 1994, Mr. Cook served as
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of CellNet Data Systems
("CellNet"), a provider of wireless data communications services. Mr. Cook
retired as Chief Executive Officer of CellNet in September 1994 and retired as
Chairman of the Board in November 1997, but remains on the Board of Directors of
CellNet.
David F. Zucker has served as President and Chief Executive Officer and as
a Director since February 1999. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Zucker served
as an executive of The Walt Disney Company/ABC, Inc. from 1987 to January 1999,
most recently as Managing Director of ESPN International and Executive Vice
President of ESPN. Prior to joining The Walt Disney Company/ABC, Inc., Mr.
Zucker worked for two years with Goldman, Sachs & Co.
Christopher W. Goode has served as Executive Vice President, Engineering
since April 1999 and Chief Technology Officer since July 1997. From July 1997,
Mr. Goode served as Senior Vice President, Engineering and from October 1995 as
Vice President, Development. Prior to joining the Company, he was Executive Vice
President, Research and Development at Raynet Corporation, a developer of
fiber-to-the-curb networks, where he guided research and development efforts as
the company grew from a prototype and field trial organization to volume
manufacturer, and assisted in developing product strategy, especially in the
broadband access area. Prior to joining Raynet, Mr. Goode held senior technical
positions at Alcatel and ITT Corporation over a 16-year period. At Alcatel, Mr.
Goode served as Vice President of Research and Development--North America, where
he was responsible for directing the development of Sonet and fiber-in-the-loop
products. Mr. Goode was also Chief Engineer at Shanghai Bell Telephone Equipment
Manufacturing Co., an Alcatel joint venture, where he was responsible for
digital switching system development, installation and testing during the
start-up phase. Prior to that, he held technical management positions with ITT
Corporation and Standard Telephones & Cables.
F. Ray McDevitt has served as Executive Vice President, Marketing and
Product Management since April 1999. From July 1997, Mr. McDevitt served as
Senior Vice President, Marketing and Product Management and from September 1995
as Vice President, Marketing and Product Management. From December 1992 to
September 1995, Mr. McDevitt held various positions at Ericsson Raynet,
including Vice President of Product Line Management and Marketing and Vice
President of Broadband Research, where he designed the early HFC networks with
NYNEX as part
-56-
of the video dial tone service developed during the period from 1993 to 1995.
Prior to joining Ericsson Raynet, Mr. McDevitt served as Director of Broadband
Development at Alcatel, with responsibilities including fiber-in-the-loop access
product development and management for the telecommunications industry. While at
Alcatel, Mr. McDevitt project managed and activated the Perryopolis field trial
with Bell Atlantic in 1989. Mr. McDevitt also has three years of experience as
President of FiberLan, a startup company that developed broadband fiber optics
private networks for industrial parks and campus environments. During the rapid
cable television buildout period of 1981 to 1985, Mr. McDevitt was the Vice
President of Technical Operations for Warner Amex, where his responsibilities
included the design and technical operations of the two-way addressable QUBE
systems for cities such as Dallas, Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. By 1984, Mr.
McDevitt designed and oversaw operations of over 4,000 two-way interactive QUBE
subscribers deployed in six major systems across the United States.
Tim N. Rea has served as Executive Vice President, Operations and Chief
Operating Officer of the Company since April 1999. From July 1997, Mr. Rea
served as Senior Vice President, Operations and from August 1996 as Vice
President, Operations. Prior to joining DIVA, from December 1981 to July 1996,
Mr. Rea served in various marketing, operations and general management positions
with Viacom Cable, most recently as Senior Vice President/General Manager for
Viacom's Northwest region, which included 875 employees and served 500,000
customers. Mr. Rea was responsible for consolidating stand-alone cable systems
into regional centers to prepare for competition, and readying plant facilities
and management for entry into the telephony, data access and digital television
businesses.
Stephanie A. Storms has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel of
the Company since July 1999, and Secretary since March 1998. From December 1996,
Ms. Storms served as Vice President, General Counsel. Prior to joining the
Company, she was Deputy General Counsel of Viacom Inc. and Vice President of
Viacom Cable, a division of Viacom Inc. Ms. Storms held positions with various
cable industry trade groups in conjunction with her employment with Viacom; she
served on the Board of Directors of the California Cable Television Association
and was a member of its legal committee and of the legal committee of the
National Cable Television Association. Prior to joining Viacom Cable in 1987,
Ms. Storms was Vice President and Assistant General Counsel of American
Television and Communications Corp., the cable television subsidiary of Time
Inc. which was then one of the top two largest MSOs. Before that, she was an
attorney with the law firm of Adams, Duque & Hazeltine in Los Angeles,
California.
William M. Scharninghausen has served as Vice President, Finance and
Administration, of the Company since June 1997 and has served as Chief Financial
Officer since January 1999. Prior to joining the Company, he was Corporate
Controller and Chief Accounting Officer of StarSight Telecast, Inc., a developer
of interactive television guides, from 1993 to June 1997. Prior to joining
StarSight Telecast, Mr. Scharninghausen held various finance and accounting
positions with Lucas Film Ltd./LucasArts Entertainment Company, Orion Pictures
Corporation and Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. Mr.
Scharninghausen is a certified public accountant.
Alan H. Bushell, who founded the Company with Mr. Cook in 1995, has served
as a Director since that time and served as its President, Chief Operating
Officer and Chief Financial Officer until December 1998. Prior to founding the
Company, Mr. Bushell served as Senior Vice President, Chief Operating Officer
and Chief Financial Officer of CellNet. Prior to joining CellNet, Mr. Bushell
held various management positions with private and public technology-based
companies, including President of Advanced Polymer Systems, Inc., Vice President
of Operations at Everex Systems, Inc., President of Zymogenetics Inc. and
various strategic planning and product management positions with Raychem. During
the 1970s, he was also a consultant in the Amsterdam office of McKinsey & Co.
John W. Goddard has served as a member of the Company's Board of Directors
since January 1997. From 1980 to July 1996, he held the positions of President
and Chief Executive Officer of Viacom Cable, a division of Viacom, Inc. From
1966 to 1980, Mr. Goddard held various management positions at Tele-Vue Systems,
Viacom Cable's predecessor, and then at Viacom Cable. Mr. Goddard has held
various cable television industry positions as an officer, including Chairman of
the National Cable Television Association and President of the California Cable
Television Association, and currently serves as a director of CableLabs, TCI
Satellite Entertainment, Inc. and the Walter Kaitz Foundation.
Jules Haimovitz has served as a Director of the Company since December
1996. Mr. Haimovitz has served as the President of MGM Networks, Inc. since June
1999. From June 1997 to July 1998, Mr. Haimovitz served as President and Chief
Operating Officer of King World Productions. Prior to that he was President and
Chief Executive Officer of ITC Entertainment Group. Mr. Haimovitz has served on
the Board of Directors of Video Jukebox Network and Orion Pictures Corporation.
From 1987 to 1992, Mr. Haimovitz served as President and Chief Operating Officer
of Spelling Entertainment Inc. and a member of its Board of Directors. From 1976
to 1987, Mr. Haimovitz served in various senior
-57-
executive positions with Viacom, Inc., including President of the Viacom Network
Group with responsibility for Showtime/The Movie Channel Inc., the MTV Networks
Inc., Lifetime Cable Channel and Viewers Choice, its satellite pay-per-view
network, and President of the Viacom Entertainment Group. Mr. Haimovitz joined
Viacom, Inc. in 1976 and subsequently served as Director, Planning and
Administration for Pay Television, in which capacity he was instrumental in the
creation of Showtime, and held a number of senior management posts with
Showtime, including Senior Vice President for Programming and Operations.
John A. Rollwagen was Chairman of SRTC prior to its acquisition by the
Company and has served as a Director of the Company since December 1995. Mr.
Rollwagen is an investor and business advisor specializing in information
technology and serves as a venture partner of St. Paul Venture Capital, LLC.
From 1981 to 1993 Mr. Rollwagen served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
of Cray Research, Inc., a supplier of supercomputers worldwide. From 1977 to
1981, Mr. Rollwagen served as Cray Research's President. Mr. Rollwagen serves as
a member of the Board of Directors of Computer Network Technology, Inc., a
supplier of high performance computer networking hardware and software, and
serves as a director of several public and private companies.
Barry E. Taylor has served as a Director of the Company since July 1995.
Mr. Taylor has been a member of the law firm of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich &
Rosati, P.C., Palo Alto, California, since 1984.
Director Compensation
Except for grants of stock options, directors of the Company generally do
not receive compensation for services provided as a director, for committee
participation or for special assignment of the Board of Directors. The Company
reimburses expenses incurred in attending Board and committee meetings.
-58-
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1999,
the compensation paid to each person who served as Chief Executive Officer
during the year and the four other most highly compensated executive officers
who were serving as executive officers as of June 30, 1999 and whose total cash
compensation exceeded $100,000 during such fiscal year (collectively, the "Named
Executive Officers").
Long-Term
Compensation
---------------------------------------- ---------------
Annual Awards
---------------------------------------- ---------------
Fiscal Compensation Securities
Name and Principal Position Year Salary Bonus Other Underlying(1)
Options
- ---------------------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ------------- ------------ ---------------
David Zucker (2).................................... 1999 $ 129,397 $ 850,000 -- 1,800,000
President and Chief Executive Officer 1998 -- -- -- --
Paul M. Cook........................................ 1999 251,667 -- 102,678(3) 25,000
Chairman of the Board and former Chief Executive Officer 1998 231,250 -- -- --
Stephanie A. Storms................................. 1999 236,952 -- -- 9,300
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary 1998 222,242 -- -- 11,200
James H. Miller..................................... 1999 229,526 -- -- 7,200
Senior Vice President, Programming 1998 187,423 -- -- 110,000
Christopher W. Goode................................ 1999 229,061 -- -- 58,900
Executive Vice President, Development, and Chief 1998 199,168 -- -- 22,400
Technical Officer
Fred R. McDevitt.................................... 1999 223,836 -- -- 58,900
Executive Vice President, Marketing/Production 1998 199,375 -- -- 22,400
Management
- --------------------------------
(1) No SARs were granted during the fiscal year.
(2) Mr. Zucker joined the Company in January 1999.
(3) Amount represents the issuance of 30,650 shares of the Company's Common
Stock at a value of $3.35 per share to Mr. Cook as compensation for
services rendered.
Option Grants in Last Fiscal Year
The following table sets forth information with respect to stock options
granted by the Company to the Named Executive Officers during fiscal year 1999.
Percent of Potential Realizable Value at
Total -----------------------------
Number of Options/ Assumed Annual Rates of
Securities SARs Granted Stock Price Appreciation
Underlying To Employees Exercise or For Option Term($)(3)
Options/SARs In Fiscal Base Price Expiration -----------------------------
Name Grant (#)(1) Year(2) ($/sh) Date 5% 10%
- ------------------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- ------------ ------------- -------------
David F. Zucker 600,000 13.50% $ 3.35 3/11/09 $ 1,264,078 $ 3,203,422
David F. Zucker 600,000 13.50 3.35 3/11/09 1,264,078 3,203,422
David F. Zucker 400,000 9.0 4.50 3/11/09 382,719 1,675,615
David F. Zucker 200,000 4.5 8.00 3/11/09 0 137,807
Paul M. Cook 25,000 * 3.35 9/1/03 13.566 39,051
Stephanie A. Storms 9,300 * 3.05 9/1/08 17,839 45,207
James H. Miller 7,200 * 3.05 9/1/08 13,811 34,999
Christopher W. Goode 10,000 * 3.05 7/23/08 19,181 48,609
Christopher W. Goode 18,900 * 3.05 9/1/08 36,253 91,871
Christopher W. Goode 30,000 * 3.35 6/14/09 63,204 160,171
-59-
Percent of Potential Realizable Value at
Total -----------------------------
Number of Options/ Assumed Annual Rates of
Securities SARs Granted Stock Price Appreciation
Underlying To Employees Exercise or For Option Term($)(3)
Options/SARs In Fiscal Base Price Expiration -----------------------------
Name Grant (#)(1) Year(2) ($/sh) Date 5% 10%
- ------------------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- ------------ ------------- -------------
F. Ray McDevitt 18,900 * 3.05 9/1/08 36,253 91,871
F. Ray McDevitt 10,000 * 3.05 11/19/08 19,181 48,609
F. Ray McDevitt 30,000 * 3.35 6/14/09 63,204 160,171
- -------------------------
* Less than 1%
(1) Options granted under the 1995 Stock Plan generally become exercisable at a
rate of 10% of the shares subject to the option at the end of the first six
months and 5% of the shares subject to the option at the end of each
three-month period thereafter, so long as the individual is employed by the
Company.
(2) The Company granted options to purchase 2,014,439 shares of Common Stock
during fiscal year 1999.
(3) Potential realizable value is based on the assumption that the price of the
Common Stock appreciates at the annual rate shown, compounded annually,
from the date of grant until the end of the option term. The values are
calculated in accordance with rules promulgated by the Securities and
Exchange Commission and do not reflect the Company's estimate of future
stock price appreciation.
Aggregated Option Exercises in Last Fiscal Year and Year-End Option Values
The following table sets forth certain information regarding options to
purchase the Company's Common Stock held by the Named Executive Officers at the
end of fiscal 1999.
Number of Securities Value of Unexercised
Underlying Options/SARs In-the-Money Options/SARs
At Fiscal Year-End (#) At Fiscal Year-End ($)(1)
Name Exercisable Unexercisable Exercisable Unexercisable
- -------------------------------- ------------- --------------- ----------- -------------
David F. Zucker -- 1,800,000 $ -- $ --
Paul M. Cook 3,750 21,250 -- --
James H. Miller 50,315 70,185 131,276 167,535
Stephanie A. Storms 39,580 77,620 81,174 151,986
Christopher W. Goode 112,675 98,625 331,777 122,183
Ray F. McDevitt 121,075 98,225 363,455 120,056
327,395 2,165,905 907,682 561,760
- ----------------------------------
(1) Based on the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock at fiscal year
end, $3.35 per share (as determined by the Company's Board of Directors),
less the exercise price payable for such shares.
Employment Agreements and Change-In-Control Arrangements
Pursuant to a written employment agreement with David Zucker, Mr. Zucker is
employed as President and Chief Executive Officer at a salary of $350,000 per
year, subject to periodic increases by the Board of Directors. Mr. Zucker also
received an $850,000 acceptance bonus in connection with his initial employment,
which he is obligated to repay if he terminates his employment with the Company
for any reason other than a constructive termination, disability or death prior
to December 31, 1999. Mr. Zucker was granted an option to purchase 600,000
shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.35 per share (the "First
Option"), and additional option to purchase 600,000 shares of Common Stock at an
exercise price of $3.35 per share, an option to purchase 400,000 shares of
Common Stock at an exercise price of $4.50 per share and an option to purchase
200,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per share, which
options vest over a five-year period from the date of initial employment. All
such options shall become fully exercisable on the earlier of six months from
the date of a "Change of Control" (as defined in the agreement) or the
termination of Mr. Zucker's employment after a Change of Control without "Cause"
(as defined in the agreement). Mr. Zucker is entitled to return the First Option
in exchange for a lump sum payment of $960,000 beginning on the first
anniversary of the commencement of his employment. Should this election be made
between February 2001 and 2004, the lump sum payment equal $1,920,000 If Mr.
Zucker's employment is terminated without Cause or as a result of a Constructive
Termination (as defined in the agreement), Mr. Zucker will receive (i)
$1,575,000, if the termination occurs during the first year of his employment,
(ii) 300% of the cash compensation received during the previous twelve months,
-60-
if the termination occurs during his second year of employment, or (iii) 150% of
the cash compensation received during the previous twelve months, if the
termination occurs after his second year of employment. Mr. Zucker will receive
an additional payment if such termination occurs prior to a Change of Control,
and within six months of the termination a Change of Control or IPO occurs or is
approved by the Board of Directors.
With respect to all options granted under the Company's 1995 Stock Plan, in
the event of a "Change of Control" (as defined in the option agreements), the
vesting of such options will be accelerated (i) as of the date immediately
preceding such "Change of Control" in the event the option agreement is or will
be terminated or canceled (except by mutual consent) or any successor to the
Company fails to assume and agree to perform all obligations under the agreement
at or prior to such time as any such person becomes a successor to the Company;
or (ii) as of the date immediately preceding such "Change of Control" or at any
time thereafter in the event the optionee does not or will not receive upon
exercise of the optionee's stock purchase rights under the option agreement the
same identical securities and/or other consideration as is received by all other
stockholders in any merger, consolidation, sale, exchange or similar transaction
occurring upon or after such "Change of Control"; or (iii) as of the date
immediately preceding any "Involuntary Termination" (as defined in the option
agreements) of the optionee occurring upon or after any such "Change of
Control"; or (iv) as of the date six months following the first such "change of
Control," provided that the optionee shall have remained an employee of the
Company continuously throughout such six-month period, whichever shall first
occur.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The Company currently has a Compensation Committee which consists of two
outside directors, Mr. Goddard and Mr. Taylor. The Compensation Committee
reviews the salaries of the executive officers and makes recommendations
regarding such salaries to the Board of Directors. No executive officer of the
Company serves as a member of the Board of Directors or compensation committee
of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of the
Company's Board of Directors.
1995 Stock Plan
As of June 30, 1999, the Company had reserved 8,200,000 shares for issuance
pursuant to its 1995 Stock Plan, which has been approved by the Company's Board
of Directors and stockholders. The 1995 Stock Plan provides for the granting to
employees (including officers) of qualified "incentive stock options" within the
meaning of Section 422 of the Code, and for the granting to employees (including
officers and directors) and consultants of nonqualified stock options. The 1995
Stock Plan also provides for the granting of restricted stock. As of June 30,
1999, options to purchase an aggregate of 5,620,240 shares were outstanding and
782,290 shares remained available for future grants.
The 1995 Stock Plan is administered by the Board of Directors or a
committee appointed by the Board. Options granted generally vest at a rate of
10% of the shares subject to the option at the end of the first six months and
5% of the shares subject to the option at the end of each three-month period
thereafter and generally expire ten years from the date of grant. Options
granted to outside directors of the Company vest at the rate of 25% of the
shares at the end of the first year and 6.25% of the shares at the end of each
quarter thereafter. Options granted to outside directors and certain other
employees of the Company are immediately exercisable, subject to a repurchase
right held by the Company that lapses in accordance with the vesting schedule of
the options.
In the event of a merger of the Company with or into another corporation or
the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company, all outstanding
options shall be assumed or an equivalent option substituted by the successor
corporation. In the event a successor corporation refuses to assume or
substitute for the options, the exercisability of shares subject to options
under the 1995 Stock Plan shall be accelerated. In such event, the Company shall
notify the holders of outstanding options that such options are fully
exercisable, and all options not exercised will then terminate 15 days after the
date of such notice. See "--Employment Agreements and Change-in-Control
Arrangements."
The exercise price of incentive stock options granted under the 1995 Stock
Plan must be at least equal to the fair market value of the Company's Common
Stock on the date of grant. The exercise price of the options to an optionee who
owns more than 10% of the Company's outstanding voting securities must equal at
least 110% of the fair value of the Common Stock on the date of grant.
-61-
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial
ownership of the Company's Common and Preferred Stock as of June 30, 1999 by (i)
each of the Company's directors, (ii) each Named Executive Officer of the
Company, (iii) each person who beneficially owns more than 5% of the Common
Stock or the Preferred Stock and (iv) all directors and executive officers as a
group.
Percent
Number of Percent Number of Percent Ownership
Shares of Ownership Shares of Ownership Of Total
Common Of Common Preferred Of Preferred Voting
Beneficial Owner Stock(1) Stock(2) Stock Stock(2) Stock(2)
- ------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------- -----------
Paul M. Cook(3)................................. 7,133,460 40.5% 1,506,120 6.9% 21.9%
c/o DIVA Systems Corporation
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Building 205
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Acorn Ventures, Inc.(4)......................... 2,358,910 13.4% 2,896,982 13.2% 13.3%
1309 114th Avenue, S.E.
Suite 200
Bellevue, WA 98004
Merrill Lynch Global Allocation Fund, Inc....... -- -- 4,000,000 18.7% 10.3%
800 Scudder's Mill Road
Plainsboro, NJ 08530
Putnam Funds and Accounts(5).................... -- -- 3,515,982 16.4% 9.0%
One Post Office Square
Boston, MA 02109
Christopher R. Larson........................... -- -- 3,300,000 15.4% 8.5%
655 So. Orcas St., Suite #210
Seattle, WA 98108
Sarnoff Corporation............................. 413,084 2.4% 1,998,851 9.3% 6.2%
201 Washington Road
CN 5300
Princeton, NJ 08543-5300
SRI............................................. 2,000,000 11.5% -- -- 5.1%
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Alan H. Bushell(6).............................. 1,506,750 8.6% 24,000 * 3.9%
John A. Rollwagen(7)............................ 210,552 1.2% 980,492 4.6% 3.1%
Jules Haimovitz(8).............................. 234,642 1.3% 350,000 1.6% 1.5%
Christopher W. Goode(9)......................... 181,675 1.0% -- -- *
F. Ray McDevitt(10)............................. 173,075 1.0% -- -- *
Barry E. Taylor(11)............................. 82,000 * 17,070 * *
Stephanie A. Storms(12)......................... 55,315 * -- -- *
James Miller(13)................................ 45,080 * -- -- *
John W. Goddard(14)............................. 26,500 * -- -- *
-62-
Percent
Number of Percent Number of Percent Ownership
Shares of Ownership Shares of Ownership Of Total
Common Of Common Preferred Of Preferred Voting
Beneficial Owner Stock(1) Stock(2) Stock Stock(2) Stock(2)
- ------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -------------- -----------
David Zucker ................................... -- * -- -- *
All directors and executive officers as a
group (11 persons)(15) ......................... 9,649,049 53.2% 2,877,682 12.9% 31.0%
- -----------------------------
* Less than 1%.
(1) Does not include shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of
Preferred Stock.
(2) Based on 17,463,574 shares of Common Stock and 21,390,283 shares of
Preferred Stock outstanding as of June 30, 1999. Beneficial ownership is
determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange
Commission. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a
person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of Common Stock
subject to options or warrants held by that person that are currently
exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999 are deemed
outstanding. Such shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the
purposes of computing the percentage ownership of each other person. Except
as indicated in the footnotes to this table and pursuant to applicable
community property laws, the stockholder named in the table has sole voting
and investment power with respect to the shares set forth opposite such
stockholder's name.
(3) Includes (i) 6,980,700 shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the
Paul and Marcia Cook Living Trust dated April 12, 1992 (the "Cook Trust"),
112,800 of which the Company can repurchase at cost, which rights lapse
based on continued performance of services; (ii) 112,000 shares of Common
Stock beneficially owned by two trusts of which Mr. Cook is trustee; (iii)
warrants to purchase 149,010 shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60
days of June 30, 1999; (iv) 523,792 shares of Series B Preferred Stock
issuable upon exercise of warrants held by the Cook Trust and exercisable
within 60 days of June 30, 1999; and (v) options to purchase 3,750 shares
of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999.
(4) Includes (i) warrants to purchase 149,010 shares of Common Stock
exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999; (ii) 521,778 shares of Series
B Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants held by Acorn and
exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999; and (iii) options to purchase
17,500 shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999.
(5) Includes 1,006,330 shares of Series C Preferred Stock and 1,562,252 shares
of Series D Preferred Stock held by funds or accounts managed by Putnam
Investment Management, Inc., the Putnam Advisory Company, Inc., and Putnam
Fidelity Trust Company. Voting and dispositive power is shares between each
such fund or account and its respective advisor. Also includes warrants to
purchase 947,400 shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of June
30, 1999.
(6) Includes (i) 54,000 shares of Common Stock that the Company can repurchase
at cost, which rights lapse based on continued performance of services; and
(ii) options to purchase 36,750 shares of Common Stock exercisable within
60 days of June 30, 1999. The shares are held on record by a trust for the
benefit of Mr. Bushell.
(7) Includes (i) 125,472 shares of Series B Preferred Stock held in the name of
Norwest Bank Minnesota, N.A., as trustees of the John A. Rollwagen
Self-Directed IRA; (ii) 10,500 shares of Common Stock that the Company can
repurchase at cost, which rights lapse based on continued performance of
services; and (iii) 725,526 shares of Series D Preferred Stock held by St.
Paul Venture Capital IV LLC, of which Mr. Rollwagen serves as a venture
partner.
(8) Includes (i) warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock
exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999; (ii) warrants to purchase
350,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock exercisable within 60 days of
June 30, 1999; and (iii) options to purchase 13,250 shares of Common Stock
exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999.
(9) Includes options to purchase 121,675 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of June 30, 1999.
(10) Includes options to purchase 123,075 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of June 30, 1999.
(11) Includes (i) 6,000 shares of Common Stock held by Mr. Taylor that the
Company can repurchase at cost, which rights lapse based on continued
performance of services by Mr. Taylor; (ii) 75,200 shares of Common Stock,
1,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 11,700 shares of Series B
Preferred Stock held by an investment partnership of which Mr. Taylor is a
general partner and with which he shares beneficial ownership; and (iii)
4,370 shares of Series D Preferred Stock held in the name of Trustee, WSGR
Retirement Plan FBO Barry E. Taylor.
(12) Includes options to purchase 55,315 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of June 30, 1999.
(13) Includes options to purchase 45,080 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of June 30, 1999.
(14) Includes (i) warrants to purchase 2,500 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of June 30, 1999; and (ii) options to purchase 11,500 shares
of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999.
(15) Includes (i) warrants to purchase 251,510 shares of Common Stock
exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999; (ii) warrants to purchase
523,792 shares of Series B Preferred Stock exercisable within 60 days of
June 30, 1999; (iii) warrants to purchase 350,000 shares of Series C
Preferred Stock exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 1999; and (iv)
options to purchase 410,395 shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60
days of June 30, 1999.
-63-
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions
On August 20, 1998, the Company contracted with Sarnoff, a holder of more
than five percent of the Company's Stock, to assist in transitioning the
Company's VOD Service from DIVA's set-top box to a General Instrument compatible
set-top box and to assist DIVA in integrating its navigation with TV Guide's
electronic program guide. Under the terms of the contract, DIVA will own all the
intellectual property created pursuant to the contract.
-64-
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this Report.
1. Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules.
See Index to Financial Statements at Item 8 on page 30 of this
report.
2. Exhibits
Exhibit Number Description
- -------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. (1)
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws. (1)
4.1 Indenture dated as of February 19, 1998 between the Company and
The Bank of New York, including form of Senior Discount Note Due
2008. (1)
4.2 Specimen 12-5/8% Senior Discount Note Due 2008, Series B (1)
10.1* Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between the
Company and all executive officers and directors. (1)
10.2* Employment Agreement dated as of January 16, 1999 between the
Company and David Zucker. (2)
10.3* 1995 Stock Plan and forms of agreements used thereunder. (1)
10.4 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of February 19, 1998 among
the Company and the Initial Purchasers. (1)
10.5 Warrant Agreement dated as of February 19, 1998 between the
Company and The Bank of New York. (1)
10.6 Warrant Registration Rights Agreement dated as of February 19,
1998 among the Company and the Initial Purchasers. (1)
10.7 Warrant Registration Rights Agreement dated as of May 15, 1996,
as amended, by and among the Company, Smith Barney Inc. and
Toronto Dominion Securities (USA) Inc. (1)
10.8 Warrant Agreement dated as of May 15, 1996 between the Company
and The Bank of New York. (1)
10.9 Amended and Restated Stockholders Rights Agreement dated March
26, 1998 among the Company and certain of its stockholders. (1)
10.10 Lease Agreement between Seaport Centre Associates, LLC and the
Company dated January 20, 1999. (3)
10.11 Warrant to purchase 175,000 share of Series C Preferred Stock
issued to Jules Haimovitz.
10.12 Warrants to purchase 650,000 shares of Common Stock issued to
Jules Haimovitz.
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Company. (1)
24.1 Power of Attorney (included on page 66)
27.1 Financial Data Schedule
- ---------------------
* Designated management contracts or compensatory plans, contracts or
arrangements required to be filed as exhibits pursuant to Item 14(c) of
Form 10-K
(1) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on Form
S-4 filed September 29, 1998, as amended (No. 333-64483)
(2) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 1999.
(3) Incorporated by references to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended December 31, 1999.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K.
None.
(c) Exhibits
See Item 14(a) above.
-65-
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report on Form 10-K to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: September 28, 1999
DIVA SYSTEMS CORPORATION
By: /s/ WILLIAM M. SCHARNINGHAUSEN
----------------------------------
William M. Scharninghausen
Vice President, Finance and Administration,
and Chief Financial Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature
appears below constitutes and appoints David F. Zucker and William M.
Scharninghausen jointly and severally, his attorneys-in-fact, each with the
power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all
amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits
thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done
by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, this Report on
Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant on the 28th day of September, 1999 in the capacities indicated.
Signature Title
--------- -----
/s/ DAVID F. ZUCKER President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
- ------------------------------------------------ (Principal Executive Officer)
(David F. Zucker)
/s/ WILLIAM M. SCHARNINGHAUSEN Vice President, Finance and Administration, and Chief Financial
- ------------------------------------------------ Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Office)
(William M. Scharninghausen)
/s/ PAUL M. COOK Chairman of the Board and Director
- ------------------------------------------------
(Paul M. Cook)
/s/ ALAN H. BUSHELL Director
- ------------------------------------------------
(Alan H. Bushell)
/s/ JOHN W. GODDARD Director
- ------------------------------------------------
(John W. Goddard)
Director
- ------------------------------------------------
(Jules Haimovitz)
/s/ JOHN A. ROLLWAGEN Director
- ------------------------------------------------
(John A. Rollwagen)
/s/ BARRY E. TAYLOR Director
- ------------------------------------------------
(Barry E. Taylor)
-66-