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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
----------------
FORM 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998
OR
[_] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 333-48817
PHASE METRICS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware 33-0328048
(State or Other Jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
of Incorporation or Organization) Identification No.)
10260 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, California 92121
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(619) 646-4800
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [_]
Indicate by a check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to
the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
As of February 28, 1999, there were 5,622,309 shares of the registrant's
common stock outstanding. There is no established public trading market for
the registrant's common stock.
Documents Incorporated by Reference: None
The table of exhibits filed appears at page 54.
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PHASE METRICS
FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I................................................................. 1
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.................................................. 1
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES................................................ 27
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS......................................... 27
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS....... 28
PART II................................................................ 29
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS....................................... 29
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA...................... 30
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS....................... 31
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET
RISK...................................................... 42
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA............... 42
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE....................... 42
PART III............................................................... 43
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT........ 43
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.................................... 46
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND
MANAGEMENT................................................ 51
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS............ 53
PART IV................................................................ 54
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON
FORM 8-K.................................................. 54
i
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including information incorporated herein
by reference, contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. These statements relate to expectations concerning
matters that are not historical facts. Words such as "projects," "believes,"
"anticipates," "plans," "expects," "intends," and similar words and
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although
Phase Metrics believes that such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it
cannot assure you that such expectations will prove to be correct. Important
language regarding factors that could cause actual results to differ
materially from such expectations are disclosed herein including, without
limitation, in the "Risk Factors" beginning on page 14. All forward-looking
statements attributable to Phase Metrics are expressly qualified in their
entirety by such language. Phase Metrics does not undertake any obligation to
update any forward-looking statements.
PART I.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Phase Metrics, Inc. (the "Company", "we" or "us") is a leading supplier of
technologically advanced process and production-test equipment for the data
storage industry. The Company's systems are used primarily by manufacturers of
disk drives and disk drive components (disks and read/write heads) at critical
stages of their production processes. The Company's systems, substantially all
of which incorporate significant amounts of proprietary technology and are
software intensive, include (1) media certifiers, burnishers, glide height
testers and optical scanners which are used in the production of thin-film
disks (media), (2) servowriters used in the production of disk drives and high
capacity disk cartridges, (3) flying height testers and quasi-static
magnetoresistive ("MR") head testers used in the production of read/write
heads and (4) integrated automation systems for the disk drive, disk and
read/write head test and manufacturing processes. The Company's production-
test systems (e.g., media certifiers, glide testers, flying height testers and
quasi-static MR head testers) are designed to provide in-line testing,
measurement and analysis at critical steps in the manufacturing process,
enabling manufacturers to detect defects, sort products by performance grade
and make real-time process improvement decisions that can significantly impact
product yields, time-to-market, profitability and return on investment. The
Company's process systems (e.g., servowriters and disk burnishers) perform
precise manufacturing process functions. Phase Metrics' customers include
substantially all of the world's leading data storage companies.
Market for Process and Production-Test Equipment
Major manufacturers of disk drives and disk drive components require a
variety of high precision process and production-test equipment. These
technologically advanced products combine significant amounts of software with
high precision electro-mechanical componentry to provide real-time, high
throughput processing and production management capabilities. Process
equipment is used by manufacturers to perform manufacturing processes within
increasingly precise tolerances enabling the production of higher performance
data storage devices. Such process equipment includes servowriters for writing
servo tracks on nearly completed disk drives and burnishers for removing bumps
from the surface of a disk. Production-test equipment is used by manufacturers
to perform precise inline testing, measurement and analysis throughout the
manufacturing process enabling manufacturers to detect defects and make real-
time production improvement decisions that can significantly impact customers'
product yield and profitability. Production-test equipment is also used in
research and development laboratories. Production-test equipment includes
media certifiers to verify the magnetic integrity of a disk and an optical
media scanner to verify the physical integrity of the disk surface, flying
height testers to determine the height a head flies above a disk and quasi-
static MR head testers to measure MR head characteristics.
The process and production-test equipment market for the data storage
industry is served by both merchant suppliers as well as the "captive" or
internal departments of data storage companies that develop and manufacture
process and production-test equipment for their own use. Historically, disk
drive and disk drive
1
component manufacturers developed much of their own process and production-
test equipment internally and purchased a lesser amount of such equipment from
merchant suppliers. As the production process becomes more complex and
production capacity becomes more expensive to build and maintain, however,
data storage manufacturers are focusing more on their own core competencies --
product design and production -- to remain competitive. This in turn has
caused increasing reliance on merchant suppliers of process and production-
test equipment. The enabling tools developed by such merchant suppliers allow
disk drive and disk drive component manufacturers to incorporate more advanced
production techniques into their manufacturing processes and more accurately
measure the conformity of component parts of the disk drive to their
specifications.
The process and production-test equipment industry was characterized by a
relatively fragmented group of specialized independent equipment suppliers.
These suppliers often had limited technological competence and narrow product
offerings. In addition, most of these specialized suppliers lacked the
critical mass to support extensive research and development programs and
world-wide customer service and support. As data storage manufacturers focus
more on their own core competencies in an increasingly global marketplace they
are increasingly seeking process and production-test capital equipment
suppliers that can play a strategic role in their ongoing product development
and manufacturing processes and at the same time provide world-wide service
and support.
Competitive Strengths
The Company believes that it possesses key competitive strengths that have
enabled it to become the leading supplier of technologically advanced process
and production-test equipment for the data storage industry. These competitive
strengths include:
Broad Product Line and Extensive Technology Base. The Company believes that
it is a technological leader in designing, manufacturing and servicing process
and production-test systems that perform critical applications throughout the
disk drive and disk drive component production processes. These systems
contain a significant amount of proprietary software, sophisticated
electronics, and high precision mechanics. As evidence of its technological
leadership, the Company believes it was the first to market with systems
incorporating numerous important new technologies, including (1) in 1993, the
first testing system capable of accurately measuring the flying height of a
read/write head below one microinch; (2) in 1995, the first disk (media)
certifier with integrated optical defect scanning and also the first certifier
with digital glide certification; (3) in 1996, the first family of quasi-
static MR head testers to address each stage of the manufacturing process for
the rapidly growing MR head market; and (4) in 1997, the first disk drive
servowriter to incorporate non-contact, laser positioning technology. The
Company currently holds 48 patents in the United States, with an additional 62
patent applications pending in the United States. The Company also holds a
number of foreign patents and has filed a number of foreign patent
applications.
Largest World-Wide Installed Base of Systems. Based in part on published
industry data, the Company believes it has the largest world-wide installed
base of process and production-test systems serving the data storage industry.
The Company believes it will be able to leverage this installed base when a
turn around in the data storage industry occurs by selling these customers
additional systems, as well as upgrades to existing systems to address rapidly
changing industry requirements. The Company believes that such upgrades are
becoming an increasingly important source of revenue for the Company.
Focused Research and Development. In response to rapidly changing technical
requirements in the data storage industry and to maintain its technological
leadership, the Company is continually engaged in efforts to improve its
systems and introduce innovative products and technologies. With approximately
140 engineers focused on research and development, the Company believes that
it maintains the largest engineering group in the world focusing on
technological solutions for data storage manufacturers. Moreover, in 1996, the
Company formed an advanced research department focused exclusively on
developing and procuring critical technologies for next-generation systems. In
1998, the Company invested approximately $33.3 million in its research and
development efforts and expects to continue to devote significant resources
toward maintaining its technological leadership.
2
Extensive Global Infrastructure. In addition to its extensive sales and
customer service and support infrastructure in the United States, since the
beginning of 1996 the Company has established sales and customer service and
support offices in Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia. The
Company believes that growth opportunities exist for sales of its systems to
domestic and foreign-based customers for use in their manufacturing facilities
located in Southeast Asia. Therefore, the Company currently has approximately
30 dedicated customer service and support engineers and technicians in Asia,
which the Company believes is the largest foreign-based group of customer
service and support personnel of any domestic supplier of process and
production-test equipment to the data storage industry.
Experienced Management Team With Significant Ownership. The Company's
chairman and chief executive officer, John F. Schaefer joined the Company in
November 1994. Working with Arthur J. Cormier, the founder and previous
president of the Company, the Company assembled a group of experienced
officers, middle managers and senior technologists. Mr. Cormier is currently
serving as a director of and consultant to the Company. The Company's
directors and officers and their respective affiliates beneficially owned
approximately 89.4% of the Company's capital stock as of December 31, 1998.
Demonstrated Ability to Integrate Acquisitions. In order to expand its
operations and capitalize on the growing demand for process and production-
test equipment for the data storage industry, since November 1994, the
Company's management team has acquired seven specialized suppliers of process
and production-test systems or technologies. The Company believes that it has
successfully integrated each of these acquisitions into its operations.
Strategy
The key elements of the Company's strategy are as follows:
Maintain Leadership in Core Technologies. The Company intends to remain a
technological leader in its markets by continuing to work with customers,
academic institutions and independent third parties to identify emerging data
storage technology trends early in the development process and contribute to
the development of standards related to process and production-test for the
data storage industry. Because the Company's systems are integral to its
customers' manufacturing processes, the Company believes that it is well-
positioned to utilize its research and development resources to partner with
its customers in the development of next-generation products.
Leverage Installed Base of Systems. The Company intends to leverage its
installed base of systems by marketing new systems to existing customers and
by continuing to develop and aggressively market system upgrade solutions in
response to rapidly changing industry requirements. In addition, because data
storage manufacturers are required to focus increasingly on their own core
competencies, the Company believes that there is an opportunity to increase
its sales by supplying certain process and production-test equipment to data
storage manufacturers that currently develop such systems internally.
Leverage and Expand Global Infrastructure. The Company believes that it will
be able to leverage the significant investment it has made in establishing a
sales and customer service and support infrastructure in Asia to capitalize on
the increasing activity in the data storage industry in that region. As data
storage manufacturers require equipment suppliers to support their
increasingly global operations, the Company intends to continue to expand its
world-wide service and support network.
Pursue Complementary Acquisitions. As with many other industries, data
storage manufacturers are increasingly attempting to rationalize their vendor
bases. As a result, there has been an increasing trend toward consolidation of
data storage equipment suppliers. The Company intends to continue to
capitalize on this trend by completing complementary acquisitions of
additional product lines, technologies and related businesses. The Company
believes that its market leadership position and demonstrated ability to
successfully integrate strategic acquisitions will continue to attract
additional strategic opportunities.
3
Products
The Company's process and production-test products are an integral part of
the process of manufacturing disk drives, disks and read/write heads. The
Company's products address the increasingly complex disk drive and disk drive
component production processes and the constant pressure to improve
manufacturing yields. The Company's products combine substantial proprietary
technology, including extensive software, custom electronic componentry,
micro-positioning systems, high-performance air bearing spindles, optical
detectors, and various other internally designed probes required for detection
and measurement, together with commercially available components such as high
performance lasers, DC motors and optical encoders. The proprietary software
incorporated into each of the Company's products enable real-time process and
production-test capabilities without off-line processing. The Company believes
that its proprietary software offers a competitive advantage due to its
powerful signal processing and analysis capabilities, flexible user-interface,
and adaptability to specific customer applications.
The Company's products are categorized into four principal areas: (1) disk
(media) process and production-test equipment; (2) read/write head production-
test equipment; (3) disk drive process and production-test equipment; and (4)
production automation equipment. The Company's products are predominantly used
in an in-line production mode by the Company's customers. As such, the
customers integrate the Company's products into their processes, using
multiple variations of test protocols available on the systems. The Company's
software facilitates this adaptation process and, accordingly, substantially
all of the Company's products are semi-customized to satisfy each customer's
unique product specifications and test requirements. The Company anticipates
more extensive customization of its products in the future due to the
increasing complexity of the technology and production processes for data
storage devices. Therefore, the Company continually endeavors to enhance its
products with new features and functionality. The Company has demonstrated the
ability to provide required customizations and product upgrades in response to
changes in data storage technology. With its substantial product development
and research capability and commitment to maintaining close relationships with
its customers, the Company believes it is well positioned to continue to
provide cost-effective solutions to the rapidly changing data storage
industry.
The following tables include the Company's principal current products and
products expected to be introduced during the first six months of 1999.
Disk (Media) Process and Production-Test Equipment
Product Introduction Date Applications
-------------------------- ----------------- ------------------------------
Media Certifiers
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MG250 February 1995 Burnishing (removes bumps and
MC950 June 1997 particles from the surface
MG3500 October 1998 of a finished disk)
MG250APS January 1996 Optical Scanning ("APS" and
MG250EPS January 1998 "EPS" Options optically scan
MC950EPS September 1998 the surface of a finished disk
MSA950 September 1997 for defects that could damage
the glide head)
Glide Certification (verifies
that the surface of a finished
disk does not have protrusions
in excess of certain specified
limits)
Media Certification (verifies
that data can be written and
read from a finished disk
within certain specifications)
Optical Inspection Systems
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PS5000 September 1997 Optical Scanning (scans for
PS5100 June 1998 defects on disk substrates
and/or finished disks)
Media Balance Tester
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MB1000 November 1996 Media Balancing (verifies that
disk substrates or finished
disks are in balance within
required specifications)
4
Head Production-Test Equipment
Product Introduction Date Applications
--------------------------- ----------------- -----------------------------
Quasi-static MR Head
Testers
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MRH(HGA-level Tester) September 1995 Quasi-static MR Testing
MRW(Wafer-level Tester) September 1996 (conducts critical tests at
MRS(Slider-level Tester) June 1997 the wafer, bar, slider or HGA
MRB(Bar-level Tester) September 1997 level of MR head production,
MRH-200 September 1998 including resistance,
MRS-200 September 1998 amplitude, asymmetry and
stability tests)
HGA Resonance Tester
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRT-1 June 1994 Mechanical Resonance Testing
HRT-2 April 1999 (tests HGA for mechanical
resonance characteristics
within required
specifications)
Flying Height Testers
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DFHT II September 1995 Flying Height Testing
DFHT III January 1998 (measures head to disk
DFHT IV January 1999 spacing ("flying height")
FH3000 June 1996 under various dynamic test
FH4000 September 1996 conditions)
Disk Drive Process and Production-Test Equipment
Product Introduction Date Applications
--------------------------- ----------------- -----------------------------
Servowriters
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HS5100 March 1997 Servowriting Drives
HS6100 September 1997 (establishes reference tracks
HS7000 September 1997 on hard disk drives to
HS7500 September 1998 provide track/head position
information essential to
operation)
Servowriting Media
(establishes reference tracks
on high capacity removable
storage devices (cartridges),
both floppy and hard disk, to
provide track/head position
information essential to
operation)
Production Automation Equipment
Product Introduction Date Applications
--------------------------- ----------------- -----------------------------
Automation
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Media Certifier Workcell August 1995 Production Media Handling
Optical Inspection Workcell October 1997 (provides automated handling
Distributed Automation November 1998 of disks with certifiers, and
sorts disks into grades
according to test results)
Disk (Media) Process and Production-Test Equipment
The Company's disk-related test and certification products are used in-line
to test, certify and sort disks. The Company believes that its disk-related
products were used to test over half of the approximately 405 million disks
produced worldwide in 1998. The Company's customers also use these products to
provide quality control and to develop new products. The Company's two media
certifier product series and its optical inspection product perform one or
more of the following functions: (1) burnishing -- removing bumps and
particles from the surface of a finished disk; (2) optical scanning --
optically scanning the surface of a finished disk for defects that could
damage
5
the glide head; (3) glide certification -- verifying that the surface of a
finished disk does not have protrusions in excess of certain specified limits;
and (4) media certification -- verifying that data can be written and read
from a finished disk within certain specifications. The Company's disk-related
automation products provide automated handling of disks with certifiers, and
sort disks into grades according to test results. The Company's media balance
tester verifies that disk substrates or finished disks are in balance within
required specifications.
Designed to provide maximum throughput in high-volume, tightly controlled
disk manufacturing environments, the Company's disk-related products are
selected by Phase Metrics' customers to improve product yield, quality, and
production throughput. Based in part on published industry data, the Company
believes it has the largest installed base worldwide of disk production-test
equipment with approximately 4,000 stations.
MG3500, MG250 and MG250EPS Media Certifiers. The MG product series certifies
disks to ensure that their magnetic integrity and physical properties meet the
stringent requirements of disk drive manufacturers. The single spindle,
spiral-type MG certifier incorporates the following functions: burnishing,
optical scanning (optional), glide testing, and certifying finished disks. The
MG3500 offers an innovative MR-capable spiral certification approach, which
provides high process throughput. This MR-capable product is designed to
perform over a wide range of disk test conditions while operating at test
frequencies up to 100 MHz with low-glide technology to accommodate high areal
density media. The MG3500 features a user-friendly interface, a fully
programmable analog channel, and automatic internal calibration algorithm. The
MG3500 incorporates pre-glide optical scanning of the disk, which reduces
operating costs by increasing the useful life of the glide head used in the
test process.
MC950 and MC950EPS Media Certifiers. The recently introduced MC950 product
series also certifies disks to ensure that their magnetic integrity and
physical properties meet the stringent requirements of disk drive
manufacturers. The MC950 incorporates two spindles and provides the
functionality provided by the MG250. However, the MC950 uses the classic step-
and-repeat technology for media certification favored by certain major
customers, as opposed to the spiral certification approach employed by the
MG250. The MC950EPS will incorporate pre-glide optical scanning of the disk,
which will reduce operating costs by increasing the useful life of the glide
head used in the test process.
PS5100 Disk Inspection System. The PS5100 is an optical scanning system that
scans for defects on disk substrates and/or finished disks. The PS5100 stand-
alone system is used by hard disk drive, substrate and media manufacturers for
failure analysis in both engineering and production environments. An automated
workcell configuration provides in-line inspection to allow substrate or
finished disk manufacturers to control and improve key process steps producing
up to 500 disks per hour and resulting in higher production yields, output and
product quality. The PS5100 has industry leading submicron-level defect
detection capability and features a spiral scanning technique for high
throughput.
MB1000 Media Balance Tester. The MB1000 verifies that disk substrates or
finished disks are in balance within required specifications. Increasing
rotation speeds used in high-end disk drives combined with more disks per
drive has tended to cause an increased sensitivity to media balance. The
MB1000, which incorporates an advanced air bearing spindle and a design that
facilitates fast disk loading and alignment, provides rapid pass/fail testing
for adjustable balance criteria. Testing may be performed at both substrate as
well as finished disk levels.
Head Production-Test Equipment
The Company's head testing products are used by leading disk drive head
manufacturers in the development, design and testing of their products to
improve manufacturing yields, product performance and reliability. The Company
estimates, based on industry sources, approximately 776 million HGAs (head
gimbal assemblies) were shipped in 1998, all of which required multiple tests
for critical performance characteristics. The majority of head tests are
completed "in-line," or during the head manufacturing process, and are
completed on 100% of the heads produced. The Company believes that it is well
positioned to benefit from this growing market by providing the following head
production-test equipment: (1) flying height testers -- which measure
6
head flying heights under various dynamic test conditions; (2) quasi-static MR
testers -- which conduct critical tests at the wafer, bar, slider or HGA level
of MR head production, including resistance, amplitude, asymmetry and
stability tests; and (3) HGA resonance testers -- which test HGAs for
mechanical resonance characteristics within required specifications.
The maximum possible hard disk drive storage capacity is a function of the
signal to noise ratio provided by the read/write head and media combination.
Since head output increases exponentially as a function of the spacing between
the disk and head, head to disk spacing, i.e., flying height, is the most
critical head/disk interface parameter related to higher drive capacity. Lower
flying heads provide greater areal density by permitting higher tracks per
inch (tpi) on the disk and greater bit per inch (bpi) on each track. In 1993,
the Company established market leadership in measuring flying height by
providing the first flying height tester to accurately measure below one
microinch. The Company's flying height testers have maintained their market
leadership position and become the industry standard by providing the best
gauge repeatability and accuracy available.
Quasi-static MR and MR-200 Series Head Testers. The Company's quasi-static
MR head testers include MRW (wafer-level tester), MRB (bar-level tester), MRS
(slider-level tester), and MRH (HGA-level tester). They are designed to
provide fast, accurate and repeatable testing of MR heads at multiple
locations in the manufacturing process from the wafer to HGA levels. With new
product production yields often below 50% in the MR head manufacturing
process, the ability to test MR elements early in the manufacturing process to
identify nonconforming products can result in significant cost savings. In
product development, quasi-static MR head testers also assist in the design
improvement process.
HRT Resonance Tester. The HRT is a tester used by read/write head and
suspension manufacturers and disk drive manufacturers to check and analyze the
mechanical resonance characteristics of HGAs within required specifications.
The HRT is designed for testing resonant frequencies of the head suspension to
facilitate improved access times, and is capable of measuring mechanical
resonance in a wide range of suspension types and heads. The HRT's removable
HGA mounting blocks simplify setup and facilitate high throughput operation.
DFHT IV and FH3000 Flying Height Testers. The DFHT IV flying height tester
is the recognized disk drive industry standard for flying height testing with
what the Company believes is the largest installed base in the industry.
Flying height requirements continue to be reduced which requires constant
improvements in flying height measurement technology. Featuring the Company's
patented dynamic interferometry technology, the DFHT IV provides accurate,
repeatable and correlatable flying height test measurements of both MR and
inductive heads below one microinch in both engineering and production
applications. The DFHT IV product is used by read/write head manufacturers in
HGA production and product development; hard disk drive manufacturers for
research, product development and incoming quality assurance; media
manufacturers to check glide head performance and special head manufacturers
for product development and in-line testing in manufacturing.
FH4000 Flying Height Tester. The FH4000 flying height tester utilizes the
same technology as the DFHT IV with the addition of altitude chamber
technology, which addresses the difficult task of measuring flying height at
different atmospheric pressures to simulate altitude changes. Since altitude
can have a significant effect on flying height, this critical product provides
the Company's customers with a method of analyzing altitude effects on flying
height.
Disk Drive Process and Production-Test Equipment
All hard disk drives and high capacity removable cartridges require
servowriting, a process whereby precision servowriting equipment establishes
reference tracks on disk drives to provide track/head position information
essential to operation. Until servo tracks are written, hard disk drives and
high capacity removable cartridges are not functional. Therefore, the
servowriter is a critical in-line process tool for completing drives and
cartridges. Historically, larger disk drive manufacturers produced their own
servowriters due to the critical nature of this equipment and the lack of
adequate outside sources for servowriting systems.
7
As disk drive capacities continue to increase, the track density on disk
drives also continues to increase. The Company's research and development
efforts are designed to keep pace with this trend. Since servowriters
represent a sizable capital investment for disk drive manufacturers, there is
significant value placed on flexibility (ability to support multiple drive
programs), and upgradeability (ability to change the core positioning
technology to keep pace with increasing TPI requirements). The Company's
family of hard disk drive servowriters provide industry leading capabilities
in both of these areas. Servowriting is also a critical function in the
manufacture of high-capacity floppy disks and high-capacity removable storage
cartridges. The Company is the leading supplier of servowriters to
manufacturers in this growing segment of the data storage market.
HS5100 Servowriter. The HS5100 servowriter is designed for conventional hard
disk drives. The HS5100 incorporates optical encoder based positioning to
15,000 tracks per inch for higher accuracy and increased reliability. The
HS5100 is fully compatible with MR technology, utilizes a small footprint,
minimizing cleanroom capital costs, and has been designed for high throughput
and yield.
HS6100 Servowriter. The HS6100 servowriter is designed for high capacity,
removable-disk storage devices and single disk servowriting. The HS6100
combines the features of the HS5100 with an advanced air bearing spindle with
rotating speeds up to 13,000 r.p.m. for high precision spinning of the disk
during the servowriting operation. The HS6100 also employs customized
fixturing for cartridges and disks to accommodate the various emerging
standards in this growing segment of the data storage market.
HS7000 and HS7500 Servowriters. The HS7000 servowriter is designed for
conventional hard disk drives and is suited for very high track density
servowriting up to 20,000 tracks per inch and servo operating frequencies up
to 100 MHz. The HS7000 utilizes advanced laser diode detection and positioning
technology with optical encoders. Incorporating recently introduced, non-
contact, dual servo positioning systems to eliminate contact with the drive
arm, this product has been designed for high throughput and product yield and,
with the March 1998 introduction of the HS7500, the option to utilize the
system outside the cleanroom environment. The HS7000 and HS7500 are fully
compatible with MR head technology.
Production Automation Equipment
The Company's automation workcells are sold with the disk production-test
equipment. Disk manufacturers demand automated handling of disks to meet
requirements for throughput, quality control, cleanliness, and process
feedback. The Company's workcells provide the disk manufacturers with the
ability to automatically sort product (disks) by different performance
criteria for their different customers. High throughput, flexibility, and
statistical process control features combine to provide low overall costs and
high quality control.
Media Certifier Workcell. These automated disk handling systems offer
seamless workcell integration of the Company's MG3500 and MC950 disk test
products. With advanced disk handling tools and process management and control
software, the Company's media test workcells have the highest manufacturing
throughput available. Although workcell output is a function of the product
being tested and the test set-up file being used, typical MC950 and MG3500
workcells can test and sort between 3,500 and 5,000 disks per day.
Optical Inspection Workcell. The Optical Inspection Workcell incorporates
most of the certifier workcell technology, but involves different mechanical
interfaces (end effectors) and software to facilitate optical testing versus
certification. Throughput levels of up to 500 disks per hour are achievable.
8
Customers, Marketing and Sales
The Company sells its products to virtually every major disk drive, disk and
read/write head manufacturer in the world. The following table sets forth
certain of the Company's customers during the past two years:
Disk Drive Systems Disk Systems Read/Write Head Systems Automation
------------------ ------------ ----------------------- ----------
Fuji Photo Film Company, Ltd. HMT Technology Corporation Applied Magnetics Corporation HMT Technology Corporation
Iomega Corporation HOYA Corporation DAS Devices HOYA Corporation
Sony Corporation Komag, Incorporated Fujitsu Limited Seagate Technology, Inc.
NEC Corporation MaxMedia Division, Headway Trace Storage Technology
Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd. Hyundai Electronics America International Business USA Corporation
Seagate Technology, Inc. Machines Corporation Western Digital Corporation
Trace Storage Technology Mitsumi Electronic Co., Ltd.
USA Corporation Quantum Corporation
Western Digital Corporation Read-Rite Corporation
SAE Magnetics (H.K.) Ltd.
There are a relatively small number of data storage manufacturers throughout
the world and the Company derives a significant portion of its net sales from
a relatively small number of customers. The Company expects that its
dependence on relatively few key customers will continue in the future.
Approximately 45.0%, 51.0% and 50.0% of the Company's net sales in 1996, 1997
and 1998, respectively, were derived from sales to its three largest customers
in each of those periods. Even though the Company's customer mix will likely
change from period to period in the future, Seagate Technology, Inc.
("Seagate"), Komag, Incorporated ("Komag"), HMT Technology Corporation ("HMT")
and Trace Storage Technology USA Corporation ("Trace") have historically
accounted for a significant portion of its net sales. For 1996, 1997 and 1998,
Seagate accounted for 19.0%, 18.0% and 17.1%, respectively, of net sales;
Komag accounted for 14.5%, 15.9% and 4.8%, respectively, of net sales; HMT
accounted for 5.2%, 17.1% and 16.3%, respectively, of net sales; and Trace
accounted for 11.5%, 4.4% and 1.2%, respectively, of net sales. For 1998,
Western Digital Corporation accounted for 16.6% of net sales. If net sales to
these or any of its other significant customers were to decrease in any
material amount in the future, the Company's business, operating results and
financial condition would be materially adversely affected.
A substantial majority of the Company's sales are repeat sales to long-
standing customers in the data storage industry. Usually, multiple units are
purchased with automation as a customer either completes a major fabrication
facility or upgrades an existing installed base of the Company's products. In
most instances, the decision to purchase the Company's products is based on
the customers' comparisons of multiple performance measures, including
specifications, throughput, product yield, compatibility to the existing
installed base and overall cost of the Company's product in the process. The
purchases often involve large purchase orders, against which the customers
authorize shipment releases. The substantial majority of the Company's
machines sell for between $100,000 and $200,000 per unit, with an average per
unit price of approximately $130,000. Products are often purchased in multiple
units with automation, known as work cells.
The Company has no long-term contracts with any of its customers. The
Company's customers often submit master purchase orders against which they
"release" specific product orders from time to time, often with little lead
time. Any cancellation, reduction, rescheduling or significant delay of orders
from significant customers could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, operating results and financial condition. Each of the
Company's customers has some unique product specification requirements which
requires the Company to provide semi-customized products. As a result, per
unit sales prices for the Company's products will generally vary by customer
and sales order. If development or service costs with respect to the
customization work are underestimated, there could be an adverse impact on the
Company's gross profits. In addition, the Company's products often require
post-installation, on-site customization and integration in order to tailor
products to customer specifications. Revenue and corresponding expenses for
such post-installation services is recognized in the period such services are
provided. Inaccurate estimation of such on-site service costs could have a
material adverse impact on the Company's business, operating results and
financial condition.
9
The Company sells its products primarily through its direct sales force. The
sales process for the Company's systems focuses on responding to each
customer's specific needs. As a result, the selling process for the Company's
products is often a multi-level, long-term process involving individuals from
marketing, engineering, operations, customer service and senior management.
The Company's other sales and marketing activities include participating in
trade shows, publishing articles in trade journals, presenting at technical
meetings and conferences, participating in industry trade groups and
consortiums and distributing promotional literature.
In 1996, 1997 and 1998, the Company's export sales to unaffiliated customers
constituted approximately 57.0%, 49.0% and 49.0%, respectively, of net sales
for such periods. The export sales were primarily to domestic data storage
companies with major production facilities located in Singapore, Malaysia and
other parts of Asia. Even though the Company exports a majority of its
products, the purchasing decision for such sales is usually made by purchasing
personnel located in the United States. The Company's direct sales staff
focuses on these types of sales as well as all of the Company's sales in the
United States. In Japan, Southeast Asia, China and South Korea, the Company
sells its products directly through its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company
expects that export sales will continue to represent a significant portion of
its net sales in the foreseeable future. See "Risk Factors -- Our
International Operations are Subject to Inherent Risks."
Customer Service and Support
As of February 28, 1999, the Company had a world-wide customer service and
support staff of 54 persons, consisting of applications engineers, service
engineers and technicians. The Company believes that providing highly
responsive, uninterrupted, world-wide customer service and support is
essential to providing value-added solutions for its customers. The Company's
commitment to world-wide customer support and service is evidenced by its
sales and customer support offices in South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia
and Thailand.
The Company has structured its direct service and support operations into
distinct service units based on its product lines. Each of these units offers
product installation, on-going process support, emergency system repair,
internal training programs, external customer training, documentation and
formation of customer user groups. In general, the Company provides a 90-day
to one-year warranty on all equipment it sells, depending on the sales
contract and geographic location of the sale.
Backlog
The Company's sales have historically been made pursuant to purchase orders
rather than long-term contracts. These purchase orders are generally subject
to cancellation, modification, quantity reductions or rescheduling on short
notice and with little or no penalty. Certain of the Company's customers have
recently begun to submit master purchase orders to the Company against which
they "release" specific product orders from time to time, often with little
lead time between the order date and the expected shipment date. The Company's
backlog of purchase orders requesting delivery in the following quarter was
approximately $4.6 million as of February 28, 1999. The Company does not
believe its backlog as of any particular date is indicative of sales or
operating results for any future period.
Competition
The disk drive process and production-test equipment industry is highly
competitive. The Company believes that the most important competitive factors
in its industry are technological innovation; equipment reliability,
throughput and uptime; customer service and support and cost of ownership. The
Company believes it competes favorably with respect to each of these factors.
In each of the Company's product lines, the Company faces substantial
competition from established merchant suppliers of process and production-test
equipment, some of which have greater financial, engineering, manufacturing,
research and development and marketing resources than the Company. For
example, the Company faces competition from Zyratex, General Disk and Hitachi
DECO for servowriters; Hitachi DECO and Sony Techtronics for disk certifiers;
Integral Solutions International for quasi-static MR head testers; Koyo
Precision Instruments, Inc. and Zygo Corporation for flying height testers
10
and Technistar for automation technology. Historically, there has also been
competition from entrepreneurs with focused market knowledge and new
technology. The Company also experiences competition world-wide from Hitachi
DECO, a large, full-line manufacturer of process and production-test
equipment. Hitachi DECO, a subsidiary of Hitachi, Limited, has substantially
greater financial, technical, marketing, manufacturing, research and
development and other resources than the Company. The Company also experiences
competition from other full-line and partial-line manufacturers of process and
production-test equipment. There can be no assurance that the Company's
competitors will not develop enhancements to, or future generations of,
competitive products that will offer price or performance features superior to
the Company's products or that new competitors will not enter the Company's
markets.
Many of the Company's competitors are investing heavily in the development
of new and enhanced products aimed at applications currently addressed by the
Company's products. The Company expects its competitors to continue to improve
the design and performance of their products and to introduce new products
with competitive price/performance characteristics. Competitive pressures
often necessitate price reductions which can adversely affect operating
results. The Company will be required to make a continued high level of
investment in product development and research, sales and marketing and
ongoing customer service and support to remain competitive. There can be no
assurance that the Company will have sufficient resources to continue to make
such investments or that the Company will be able to achieve the technological
advances necessary to maintain its competitive position.
The Company believes that its future success will be dependent, in part,
upon its ability to compete successfully in the Japanese, South Korean and
Southeast Asian markets. The Company's largest competitor, Hitachi DECO, is
headquartered in Japan which gives it a competitive advantage over the Company
in that market to the extent buying decisions are influenced by its local
presence. In addition, the Company's ability to compete in Japan, South Korea
and Southeast Asia in the future is dependent upon continuing free trade
between these countries and the United States, the continuing ability of the
Company to develop in a timely manner products that meet the technical
requirements of its foreign customers and the continuing ability of the
Company to develop and maintain satisfactory relationships with leading
companies in the data storage industry in these areas. Moreover, the Company's
sales in these areas will be affected by the overall economies of Japan, South
Korea and Southeast Asia.
In addition to the competition the Company faces from other merchant
manufacturers of process and production-test equipment, most of the Company's
customers develop at least a portion of their own process and production-test
equipment needs internally, especially servowriters and read/write head test
equipment. Accordingly, the Company must compete against the internal
development efforts of this captive market. Manufacturers within this captive
market are often reluctant to change their production lines to incorporate
merchant supplied process and production-test technology. Moreover, it is
possible that with the rapid changes in data storage technology, the
development of new process and production-test equipment will be so closely
linked to the Company's customers' product development cycles that certain
customers and potential customers will find it more efficient to fulfill their
own process and production-testing equipment needs internally, thereby placing
the Company at a competitive disadvantage.
Research and Development
The market for process and production-test equipment is characterized by
rapid technological changes and product innovation. The Company continually
endeavors to understand how changing data storage technology will impact its
customers' requirements for process and production-test equipment in the
future. The Company encourages its customers to work closely with its product
development and research personnel during the development cycle of new and
enhanced data storage products. In 1996, the Company formed an advanced
research department which is responsible for working with the Company's
customers, academic institutions and independent third parties to (1) identify
emerging data storage technology trends early in the development process, (2)
identify and develop new core technologies for the Company's systems and (3)
contribute to the development of process and production-test standards for the
data storage industry. The Company believes that
11
continued and timely development of new products and enhancements to its
existing products are necessary to maintain its competitive position. As of
February 28, 1999 the Company employed a total of approximately 140 degreed
engineers focused on product development and research. Research and
development expenses were approximately $31.1 million, $43.6 million and $33.3
million for 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. The Company anticipates that it
will continue to devote a significant amount of financial resources to product
development and research for the foreseeable future.
Manufacturing
The Company conducts its manufacturing activities at its facilities in San
Diego, Fremont and Hayward, California. The Company's principal manufacturing
activities consist of quality assurance and assembling of components designed
and developed by the Company as well as other components and subassemblies
which are acquired from third party suppliers and then integrated into the
Company's finished products. Most of these components, including substantially
all of the electronic circuit boards and optical componentry incorporated into
the Company's systems, are made to the Company's exacting specifications.
The Company's manufacturing strategy is to produce high precision,
technologically advanced, reliable products and replacement parts. To achieve
these goals, the Company must continually adjust to changes in technology. As
a result, the Company focuses on the engineering/manufacturing interface in
its product development efforts. The Company also continuously seeks to
improve its materials procurement and control processes to increase throughput
and reduce inventory levels. The Company enhanced its fully integrated
computer system for all materials procurement and control functions. The
Company also continues to consolidate its supplier base and increase its
utilization of third-party outsourcing arrangements for certain subassembly
and performance test functions. Such outsourcing arrangements provide for
just-in-time delivery when possible.
In order to meet customer delivery requirements, the Company is working to
reduce the time required to manufacture its products. However, due to periodic
increases in the Company's backlog, technological advances that must be
incorporated into the Company's products, customization issues and other
reasons, the average time between order and shipment of the Company's products
may increase in the future. The Company's ability to quickly increase its
manufacturing capacity could be limited given (1) the complexity of the
manufacturing process, especially if the Company is partially customizing its
products to its customers' specifications; (2) the lengthy lead times
necessary to obtain critical components and (3) the need for highly skilled
personnel.
In certain instances the Company relies on a single source or a limited
group of suppliers for certain components and subassemblies used in its
products. Although the Company seeks to reduce its dependence on sole and
limited source suppliers, the partial or complete loss of these sources could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and
damage customer relationships due to the complexity of the products they
supply and the significant amount of time required to qualify new suppliers.
In addition, long lead times are often required to obtain critical components
and subassemblies used in certain of the Company's products from these and
other suppliers which could impede the Company's ability to quickly respond to
changes in demand and product specifications.
Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights
The Company believes that due to the rapid pace of innovation within the
data storage industry in general, the Company's protection of patent and other
intellectual property rights is less important than factors such as its
technological expertise, product innovation, the Company's installed base, the
marketing ability of its sales force and the ability to provide world-wide
support and service to its customers. The Company does attempt, however, to
protect its intellectual property rights through patents, copyrights, trade
secrets and other measures.
The Company currently holds 48 United States patents and has applied for 62
additional patents in the United States. The Company also holds a number of
foreign patents and has filed a number of foreign patent applications. No
assurance can be given that the claims allowed on any patents held by the
Company will be
12
sufficiently broad to protect the Company's technology. Moreover, there can be
no assurance that any patent owned by the Company will not be invalidated,
deemed unenforceable, circumvented or challenged, that the rights granted
thereunder will provide competitive advantages to the Company or that any of
the Company's pending or future patent applications will be issued with claims
of the scope sought by the Company, if at all. Furthermore, there can be no
assurance that others will not develop similar products, duplicate the
Company's products or design around the patents owned by the Company. In
addition, there can be no assurance that foreign intellectual property laws or
the Company's agreements will protect the Company's intellectual property
rights in any foreign country. Any failure to protect the Company's
intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect upon the
Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
Although the Company does not believe any of its products or proprietary
rights infringe the rights of third parties, there can be no assurance that
infringement claims will not be asserted against the Company in the future.
Any such claims, with or without merit, could divert the attention of
management, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment delays or
require the Company to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. Such
royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms
acceptable to the Company, or at all. If infringement were established, the
Company could be required to pay damages or be enjoined from making, using or
selling the infringing product. Likewise, there can be no assurance that a
third party's product, if infringing on the Company's proprietary rights, may
be prevented from doing so without litigation. Any of the foregoing could have
a material adverse effect upon the Company's business, operating results and
financial condition.
The Company requires each of its employees to enter into a proprietary
rights and non-disclosure agreement in which the employee agrees to maintain
the confidentiality of all proprietary information of the Company and, subject
to certain exceptions, to assign to the Company all rights in any proprietary
information or technology made or contributed by the employee during his or
her employment. In addition, the Company regularly enters into non-disclosure
agreements with third parties, such as consultants, potential joint venture
partners and customers. In spite of these precautions, it may be possible for
third parties to copy, develop or otherwise obtain and use the Company's
proprietary technology without authorization or to develop similar technology
independently.
Employees
As of February 28, 1999, the Company had 397 full-time employees, including
141 in product development and research, 123 in manufacturing, 29 in sales and
marketing, 54 in service and support, and 50 in finance, information systems
and administration activities. Many of the Company's employees have
specialized skills of significant value to the Company, and the Company's
future success will depend in large part upon its ability to attract and
retain highly skilled technical, managerial, financial and marketing
personnel, who are in great demand. The Company believes that attracting and
motivating skilled technical personnel is vital to its success and there can
be no assurance that the Company will be successful in retaining or recruiting
these and other key personnel. No employee is represented by a union or
covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company has not had a
work stoppage or strike. The Company considers its employee relations to be
good.
Recent Operating Results
Based on information available as of the date of this filing, the Company
currently expects to report a significant decline in net sales and a
substantial net loss for the first quarter of 1999. The Company expects that
its net sales for the first quarter of 1999 will be between $10 million and
$12 million, compared to net sales of $32.5 million in the first quarter of
1998 and net sales of $18.7 million in the fourth quarter of 1998. The Company
attributes these decreases to the continued weakness in demand for its
products due to the severe downturn in the data storage industry over the past
several quarters.
13
BACKGROUND REGARDING SALE OF 10 3/4% SENIOR NOTES
The Company sold an aggregate of $110 million principal amount of 10 3/4%
Senior Notes due 2005 (the "Notes") on January 30, 1998 (the "Original Note
Offering"). The Notes were issued under an Indenture dated January 30, 1998
(the "Indenture"). After the Original Note Offering, we were required to
exchange the Notes issued in the Original Note Offering for notes that were
publicly registered. In November 1998, we complied with our obligations to
exchange the Notes. The Notes bear interest from January 30, 1998, at a rate
equal to 10 3/4% per annum. Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually on
February 1 and August 1 of each year. The Notes are redeemable at our option,
in whole or in part, at any time on or after February 1, 2002, at redemption
prices previously determined, plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated
damages, if any.
RISK FACTORS
You should consider carefully the following risks in your evaluation of us
and the Notes. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only
ones facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties may also adversely
impact and impair our business. If any of the following risks actually occurs,
our business, operating results or financial condition would likely suffer. In
such case, the value of the Notes could decline, and you may lose all or part
of the money you paid to buy the Notes.
We Have a Substantial Amount of Indebtedness
At December 31, 1998, we had indebtedness of $116.6 million. Subject to
certain limitations, we may also incur additional indebtedness in the future
under the terms of the Indenture related to the Notes.
Our ability to make scheduled payments of principal and interest on, or to
refinance, our indebtedness (including the Notes), and to fund our operations,
including planned capital expenditures and research and development expenses,
depends on our future performance and financial results, which, to a certain
extent, are subject to general conditions in the data storage industry as well
as general economic, financial, competitive and other factors that are beyond
our control. For the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, earnings
were inadequate to cover fixed charges by $24.8 million, $14.7 million, and
$69.8 million, respectively.
Over the past several quarters, the data storage industry and the production
and process-test equipment industry have been experiencing significant
weakness in demand for products, intense competition and pricing erosion, and
overcapacity. Such adverse market conditions have resulted, and may continue
to result in, the deferral or cancellation of orders for our products. Delays
or declines in product orders have had a material adverse effect on our
operating results and financial condition over the last several quarters and
fluctuations in demand for our products are expected to continue for the
foreseeable future. As a result of the ongoing significant downturn in the
data storage industry, we experienced a net loss of $76.9 million for 1998. We
cannot be certain that our business will generate adequate cash flow or that
any growth can be achieved under current or future market conditions. If we
are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to pay our debts
and operate our business, including making necessary capital expenditures, we
may be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing debt, including
the Notes, to sell assets or to obtain additional financing. We cannot be
certain that any such action would be accomplished on acceptable terms.
Our high level of debt will have several important effects on our future
operations, including, but not limited to:
. making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect
to the Notes;
. increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry
conditions;
14
. limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future
working capital, capital expenditures, research and development and other
general corporate requirements;
. requiring a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay
the principal of, and interest on, our indebtedness, thereby reducing the
availability of such cash flow to fund working capital, capital
expenditures, research and development or other operating needs and uses;
and
. limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our
business.
See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources."
Existing Financing Covenants Restrict our Operations
The Indenture related to the Notes contains a number of covenants that
significantly restrict our operations, such as our ability to:
. incur indebtedness;
. make prepayments of certain indebtedness;
. pay dividends;
. make investments;
. engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates;
. create liens;
. sell assets; and
. engage in mergers and other consolidations.
We cannot be certain that we will be able to comply with such covenants or
restrictions in the future. Our ability to comply with such covenants and
restrictions may be affected by events beyond our control, including
prevailing economic and financial conditions and general conditions in the
data storage industry.
The Right of the Holders of the Notes to Receive Payments is Junior to Certain
Other Existing and Future Indebtedness
As of December 31, 1998, the Notes and the Note Guarantees were effectively
subordinated to approximately $3.1 million of secured indebtedness under our
capital lease obligations.
If we incur any additional senior indebtedness in the future that is not
subordinated to the indebtedness outstanding under the Notes, even if such
indebtedness were not secured, the holder of such debt would be entitled to
share ratably with the holders of the Notes in any proceeds distributed in
connection with any insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or
other winding-up of our business. This may have the effect of reducing the
amount of proceeds available to pay to holders of the Notes upon the
occurrence of any such events.
Our Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries have not guaranteed our obligations under the
Notes. As of and for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, the operating
results and assets of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, individually and in the
aggregate, were not material to our results of operations and assets on a
consolidated basis, net of intercompany eliminations. See Note 14 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements. The total assets, total liabilities, net
sales and net income (loss) of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries as a percentage
of our consolidated total assets, total liabilities, net sales and net income
(loss) as of and for the year ended December 31, 1997 were 3.1%, 0.4%, 1.6%
and 10.1%, respectively, and as of and for the year ended December 31, 1998,
were 6.7%, 0.5%, 11.1% and 0.0%, respectively.
15
We Have Experienced Significant Losses
We had net losses of approximately $12.0 million, $5.5 million and $76.9
million for 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. Such losses and accrual of
certain preferred stock dividends and accretion for the redemption value and
dividends of such preferred stock have contributed to a retained deficit of
approximately $103.3 million as of December 31, 1998. In addition, we used
cash for operating activities of approximately $21.4 million, $6.4 million and
$12.0 million for 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Our Operating Results are Subject to Wide Variations
In the past, we have experienced wide fluctuations in our quarterly and
annual operating results and have experienced net losses for the past several
quarters. We may continue to experience net losses and fluctuations in our
business due to a number of factors, not all of which are in our control.
These factors include, without limitation, the following:
. the continuing downturn in the data storage industry;
. the size, timing and rescheduling or cancellation of orders from, and
shipments to, major customers;
. the timing of introductions of our new products and product enhancements
or our competitors' introduction of such products;
. our ability to develop, introduce and market new, technologically
advanced products;
. the cyclicality of the data storage industry;
. the rescheduling or cancellation of capital expenditures by our
customers;
. variations in our customer base and product mix;
. the level of any of our significant volume pricing discounts;
. the availability and cost of key production materials and components;
. our ability to effectively manage our inventory and control costs;
. the financial stability of our major customers;
. personnel changes;
. expenses associated with acquisitions;
. restructurings;
. fluctuations in amortization and write-downs of intangible assets; and
. foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and general economic factors
in the United States and certain foreign countries, including Japan,
South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia and other parts of Southeast Asia.
The data storage industry is currently experiencing a significant weakness
in demand for data storage products, intense competition and pricing erosion,
and overcapacity in manufacturing operations. Such adverse market conditions
have existed for numerous quarters and have resulted in the rescheduling or
cancellation of specific orders by several of our major customers and has had
a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial
condition. This downturn in the data storage industry will likely continue for
several quarters, and, as a result, we expect order delays and reschedulings
to occur in the future. As a result, we expect current industry conditions to
continue to have a material adverse effect on our operating results for the
foreseeable future.
We had net sales of $190.8 million in 1996 compared to $184.7 million in
1997 and $105.0 million in 1998. We had EBITDA (as described in Footnote 5 in
"Selected Consolidated Financial Data") of $21.6 million in
16
1996 compared to $24.1 million in 1997 and ($40.3) million in 1998. Cash used
for operating activities was $6.4 million for 1997 and $12.0 million for 1998.
Period to period fluctuations in operations impacting these amounts were the
net losses for 1997 and 1998, a decrease in amortization and write downs of
intangible assets, a decrease in deferred income tax assets, a smaller
increase period to period in accounts receivable, a decrease in 1998
inventories compared to an increase in 1997 and increases in 1998 income taxes
receivable and accrued expenses compared to decreases in 1997. Cash used for
operating activities decreased from $21.4 million in 1996 to $6.4 million in
1997 due to a smaller net loss, smaller increases year over year in deferred
income taxes, inventories and income taxes receivable and a decrease in
prepaid expenses and other assets, offset by decreases in depreciation,
amortization and write-downs of intangible assets, purchased in-process
research and development, an increase in accounts receivable and larger
decreases year over year in accounts payable and customer deposits, accrued
expenses and other liabilities. The net loss of $5.5 million for 1997
increased to a net loss of $76.9 million for 1998. These decreases were
primarily due to decreased net sales, lower gross profit margins, the
restructuring charges, the settlement charge, increased interest expense and
the extraordinary loss partially offset by decreases in research and
development and selling, general and administrative expenses. A net loss of
$12.0 million in 1996 decreased to a net loss of $5.5 million in 1997 due
primarily to decreases in amortization and write-downs of intangible assets
and purchased in-process research and development expenses, partially offset
by increases in research and development and interest expense. See "Selected
Consolidated Financial Data" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Our business, operating results and financial condition have been adversely
and materially affected by a significant downturn in the data storage industry
and reduced or delayed capital equipment expenditures by data storage
companies. In light of these circumstances, and our expectation that the data
storage industry's adverse market conditions will extend for the foreseeable
future, on June 18, 1998, we implemented a restructuring of our operations
(the "June Restructuring"). The June Restructuring included a workforce
reduction of approximately 115 employees (15% of our workforce at the time),
relocation and consolidation of much of our Concord, California operation to
the Fremont, California facility, and the sale and partial leaseback of our
San Diego, California facility and real property. On November 2, 1998, due to
the continued weakness in the data storage industry, we implemented a second
restructuring (the "November Restructuring") which included a workforce
reduction of approximately 60 employees (10% of our workforce at that time),
and a reduction and consolidation of facilities at our Fremont, California
location. While we believe our cost-cutting measures are appropriate given our
current and anticipated levels of net sales, we cannot be certain that such
measures will be sufficient or that additional cost-cutting measures will not
be necessary in the future. Moreover, the June and November Restructurings or
future cost-cutting measures may have a material adverse effect on our ability
to increase our net sales or service our debt.
In connection with the negative impact that the downturn in the data storage
industry had on our operations, in 1998, we recorded a $19.8 million charge to
cost of sales to write down excess and obsolete inventory, $4.2 million in
restructuring charges related to the June and November Restructurings, as well
as $9.0 million of tax expense related to the recording of a valuation
allowance against our entire net deferred tax asset balance.
Quarterly results in the future may fluctuate due to the factors discussed
above or other factors. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations."
Dependence on and Cyclicality of Data Storage Industry
Our business depends almost entirely upon capital expenditures by our
customers, which in turn depend upon market demand for their products. Our
industry is cyclical and historically has experienced varying growth rates and
periods of oversupply like the one currently being experienced causing higher
than anticipated inventory levels and intense price competition. The data
storage industry is currently experiencing one of its most severe and
prolonged downturns with continuing weakness in demand for products, intense
competition, significant price erosion and overcapacity. As a result of this
downturn, there is significantly reduced demand for our products. The current
downturn in the disk storage industry generally, and the slowdown in our
customers'
17
orders in the last several quarters has had a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results and financial condition. It is likely that this
downturn in our market will continue for the foreseeable future and, as a
result, our customers will likely continue to delay or cancel orders for our
products and our business, operating results and financial condition will be
materially adversely affected. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
We Have Had to Restructure Operations and May Have to Again in the Future
In light of the continued downturn in the data storage industry, and our
expectation that the data storage industry's adverse market conditions will
extend for the foreseeable future, on June 18, 1998, we announced the June
Restructuring, which included a workforce reduction of approximately 115
employees (15% of our workforce at the time), relocation and consolidation of
much of our Concord, California operation to our Fremont, California facility,
and the sale and partial leaseback of our San Diego, California facility and
real property. In the second quarter of 1998, we recorded a charge of $3.0
million related to the June Restructuring. The significant components of the
restructuring charge were $0.9 million for employee severance costs, and
$2.0 million in asset impairment related to assets obsoleted due to
restructuring activities. As of December 31, 1998, all termination benefits
had been paid to affected employees. Relocation of the Concord operation was
complete at December 31, 1998. Period costs incurred in connection with these
activities were not significant.
In connection with the impact of the industry downturn on our operations in
1998 we recorded a $19.8 million charge to cost of sales to write-off excess
and obsolete inventory. Also in 1998, we recorded $9.0 million of income tax
expense related to the recording of a valuation allowance against our entire
deferred tax asset balance. Such charge was taken due to factors which give
rise to uncertainty as to whether the deferred tax asset is realizable,
including the lack of history of consistent earnings and the significant
losses in 1998.
Due to the continued downturn in the data storage industry, on November 2,
1998, we announced the November Restructuring, which included a workforce
reduction of approximately 60 employees (10% of our workforce at the time),
and a reduction and consolidation of facilities at our Fremont, California
location. In the fourth quarter of 1998, we recorded a charge of $1.1 million
related to the November Restructuring. The significant components of the
restructuring charge were $0.3 million for employee severance costs and
$0.6 million for asset impairment related to assets obsoleted due to the
restructuring activities. While the Company believes its cost-cutting measures
are appropriate given the Company's current and anticipated levels of net
sales, there can be no assurance that such measures will be sufficient and
that additional cost-cutting measures will not be necessary, or that the June
Restructuring, the November Restructuring or future cost-cutting measures will
not have a material adverse effect on the Company's ability to increase its
net sales.
We May Not Be Able to Adapt to Rapid Technological Change
Rapid technological changes and evolving industry standards characterize the
data storage industry. Our customers frequently introduce new products and
enhancements, with relatively short product life cycles, typically between
nine and 18 months. In addition, our customers often develop multiple products
simultaneously, such that new products could be introduced as frequently as
every three months. Our customers' new product introductions typically result
in new technological challenges for us, both with respect to our installed
base and with respect to our next generation products. As a result, we must
continue to enhance our existing products and develop and manufacture new
products with improved capabilities. These technological changes require us to
make substantial investments in research and development. Although we
continually develop new products, there can be no assurance that we will be
able to accurately anticipate technological advances in the disk drive market
and develop products incorporating such advances in a timely manner or at all.
Our failure to develop, manufacture and market new or enhanced products, would
have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and
financial condition. In addition, we are highly dependent on our close working
relationships with our key customers to advance our technologies. The
termination of any one of these key relationships could have a material
adverse effect on our ability to anticipate and develop necessary
technological changes to our products.
18
Our customers are constantly striving to improve their production processes,
including improving the manufacturing of substrates, the deposition of
material on the substrate, the finish processing of magnetic media, and head
fabrication. If our customers modify their own design and internal production
processes without our products, demand for our equipment would likely decline.
Further, unless we are able to effectively respond to such changes,
manufacturing process changes for disk drives, disks and read/write heads
could also have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results
and financial condition.
Future technological innovations may reduce demand for disk drives.
Competing technologies to disk drive based data storage exist, including solid
state memory (flash memory), tape memory and re-writable optical technology
(CD and DVD technology). Although the current core technology for rotating
magnetic disk drive data storage has been the predominant technology in the
industry for many years, it is likely that some day this technology will be
replaced by an alternate technology. Our products may not be adaptable to any
successor technology. Our business, operating results and financial condition
could be materially adversely affected by any significant migration toward
technology that would replace disk drives as a computer data storage medium.
We Depend on a Small Number of Customers
There are a relatively small number of data storage manufacturers throughout
the world and we derive a significant portion of our net sales from a
relatively small number of customers. We expect that our dependence on
relatively few key customers will continue in the future. Approximately 45.0%,
51.0% and 50.0% of our net sales in 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively, were
derived from sales to our three largest customers in each of those periods.
Even though our customer mix will likely change from period to period in the
future, Seagate, Komag, HMT and Trace have historically accounted for a
significant portion of our net sales. For 1996, 1997 and 1998, Seagate
accounted for 19.0%, 18.0% and 17.1%, respectively, of net sales; Komag
accounted for 14.5%, 15.9% and 4.8%, respectively, of net sales; HMT accounted
for 5.2%, 17.1% and 16.3%, respectively, of net sales; and Trace accounted for
11.5%, 4.4% and 1.2%, respectively, of net sales. For 1998, Western Digital
Corporation accounted for 16.6% of net sales. If net sales to these or any of
our other significant customers were to decrease in any material amount in the
future, our business, operating results and financial condition would be
materially adversely affected.
In general, we do not enter into long-term purchase agreements with our
customers. If completed orders are not replaced on a timely basis by new
orders from the same or other customers, our net sales would be materially
adversely affected. In addition, the following could have a material adverse
effect on our business, operating results and financial condition:
. the loss of a key customer;
. any reduction, cancellation or rescheduling of an order from any key
customer, including reductions, delays or cancellations due to customer
departures from recent buying patterns; and
. economic or competitive conditions in our industry.
Any failure to collect or delay in collecting receivables could have a
material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial
condition. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations."
There has been a trend toward consolidation in the disk drive industry and
we expect this trend to continue. Some of our customers have been, and may
continue to be acquired by competitors, causing further consolidation.
Previous acquisitions in the disk drive industry have often caused the
purchasing departments of the combined companies to reevaluate their
purchasing decisions. Such acquisitions may result in a change in a current
customer's purchasing habits, including a loss of the customer, a decrease in
orders from that customer or a rescheduling or cancellation of orders
previously made by a customer. Moreover, acquisitions involving existing
customers may cause the concentration of our customer revenues to increase
thereby increasing our dependence on fewer customers.
19
We Have a High Risk of Inventory Obsolescence
Due to the cyclical nature of and rapid technological change in our
industry, our inventory is subject to substantial risk of obsolescence. To
address these risks, we monitor our inventories on a periodic basis and
provide inventory write-downs intended to cover these risks. Despite our
precautions, we may be required to take significant inventory charges which,
in turn, could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results
and financial condition due to the following:
. our dependence on a few customers and a limited number of product
programs for each customer;
. the magnitude of our commitment to support our customers' programs;
. our limited remedies in the event a customer cancels or materially
reduces one or more product orders; and
. the possibility that a customer may experience financial difficulties.
The significant downturn in the data storage industry negatively impacted
our operations, and in 1998, we recorded a $19.8 million charge to cost of
sales to write down excess and obsolete inventory. We may be required to take
additional inventory write-downs in the future due to our inability to obtain
necessary product acceptance, or due to further cancellations by customers.
Our Industry is Highly Competitive
The disk drive process and production-test equipment industry is highly
competitive. In each of our product lines, we face substantial competition
from established merchant suppliers of process and production-test equipment,
some of which have greater financial, engineering, manufacturing, research and
development and marketing resources. For example, we face competition from
Zyratex, General Disk and Hitachi DECO for servowriters; Hitachi DECO and Sony
Techtronics for disk certifiers; Integral Solutions International for quasi-
static MR head testers; Koyo Precision Instruments, Inc. and Zygo Corporation
for flying height testers, and Technistar for automation technology.
Historically, there has also been competition from entrepreneurs with focused
market knowledge and new technology. We experience intense competition world-
wide from Hitachi DECO, a large, full-line manufacturer of process and
production-test equipment. Hitachi DECO has substantially greater financial,
technical, marketing, manufacturing, research and development and other
resources. We also experience competition from other full-line and partial-
line manufacturers of process and production-test equipment. Our competitors
may develop enhancements to, or future generations of, competitive products
that will offer price or performance features superior to our products, or new
competitors may enter our markets. Finally, as many of our competitors are
based in foreign countries, they have cost structures and equipment prices
based on foreign currencies. Accordingly, currency fluctuations could cause
our dollar-priced products to be less competitive than our competitors'
products priced in other currencies.
Many of our competitors are investing heavily in the development of new and
enhanced products aimed at applications currently addressed by our products.
We expect our competitors to continue to improve the design and performance of
their products and to introduce new products with competitive
price/performance characteristics. Competitive pressures often necessitate
price reductions which can adversely affect operating results. We will be
required to make significant investments in product development and research,
sales and marketing and ongoing customer service and support to remain
competitive. We cannot be certain that we will have sufficient resources to
continue to make such investments or that we will be able to achieve the
technological advances necessary to maintain our competitive position.
We believe that our future success will be dependent, in part, upon our
ability to compete successfully in the Japanese, South Korean and Southeast
Asian markets. Our largest competitor, Hitachi DECO, is headquartered in Japan
which gives it a competitive advantage in that market to the extent buying
decisions are influenced by Hitachi DECO's local presence. In addition, our
ability to compete in Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia in the future is
dependent upon continuing free trade between these countries and the
United States, our continuing ability to develop in a timely manner products
that meet the technical requirements
20
of our foreign customers and our continuing ability to develop and maintain
satisfactory relationships with leading companies in our industry in these
areas. Moreover, our sales in these areas will be affected by the overall
economies of Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia. To the extent that recent
economic troubles in Asian markets have negatively impacted the capacity
expansion and upgrade plans of our customers or potential customers in
affected regions, then such economic troubles have also negatively impacted
our operations. With respect to existing customers, we do not believe that
such Asian economic troubles have had a significant impact on our operations.
With respect to potential customers, we are unable to quantify the impact that
such Asian economic troubles will have on our operations.
In addition to the competition from our competitors, most of our customers
develop at least a portion of their own process and production-test equipment
needs internally, especially servowriters and read/write head test equipment.
Accordingly, we must compete against the internal development efforts of this
captive market. Manufacturers within this captive market are often reluctant
to change their production lines to incorporate merchant-supplied process and
production-test technology. Moreover, rapid changes in data storage
technology, and the development of new process and production-test equipment
may be so closely linked to our customers' product development cycles that
certain customers and potential customers will find it more efficient to
develop their own process and production-testing equipment needs internally,
thereby placing us at a competitive disadvantage.
Because of the foregoing competitive factors, we may not be able to compete
successfully in the future. Increased competitive pressure could cause us to
lower our prices which would have an adverse effect on our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
We Sell a Small Number of Products
We derive revenues primarily from sales of our process and production-test
systems and parts for such systems. Our products can generally be categorized
into four principal areas:
. disk (media) testing and processing;
. read/write head testing;
. disk drive processing; and
. automation.
We derive a significant portion of our net sales from a relatively small
number of products. In 1996, 1997 and 1998, we derived approximately 47.0%,
58.9% and 54.1% of our net sales, respectively, from sales of our media
certifier products (excluding parts and service), with the MG250 series
constituting a majority of our media certifier sales over each of these
periods. Although we expect that net sales from our media certifier products,
including our MG series and our MC series, will continue to account for a
substantial portion of our total net sales in the foreseeable future, we
realize that the downturn in the data storage industry is caused, in part, by
the overcapacity of media certifiers in the market today. Any material
reduction in demand for our media certifier products would have a material
adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
We Depend on Proprietary Technology
Our success is heavily dependent upon the establishment and maintenance of
proprietary technologies. We currently attempt to protect our intellectual
property rights through patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other measures.
These efforts may not be adequate to prevent misappropriation by third parties
and may not be adequate under the laws of some foreign countries which may not
protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do laws of the United
States. Our competitors may be able to independently develop products that are
substantially equivalent or superior to our products, or design around our
patents. Any such adverse circumstances could have a material adverse effect
on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Although we do not believe any of our products or proprietary rights
infringe the rights of third parties, infringement claims may be asserted
against us in the future. Any such claims, with or without merit, could divert
21
the attention of management, result in costly litigation, cause product
shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements.
Such royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on
acceptable terms, or at all. If infringement were established, we could be
required to pay damages or be enjoined from making, using or selling the
infringing product. Likewise, a third party's product, if infringing on our
proprietary rights, may not be prevented from doing so without litigation. Any
of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business,
operating results and financial condition.
We cannot be certain that the claims allowed on any of our patents will be
sufficiently broad to protect our technology. Moreover, any patent we own
could be invalidated, deemed unenforceable, circumvented or challenged. Also,
we cannot be certain that our patent rights will provide us competitive
advantages or that any of our pending or future patent applications will be
issued with claims of the scope that we desire, if at all. Furthermore, others
may develop similar products, duplicate our products or design around the
patents we own. In addition, foreign intellectual property laws or our
agreements may not protect our intellectual property rights in any foreign
country. Any failure to protect our intellectual property rights could have a
material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial
condition.
We require each of our employees to enter into a proprietary rights and non-
disclosure agreement in which the employee agrees to maintain the
confidentiality of all of our proprietary information and, subject to certain
exceptions, to assign to us all rights in any proprietary information or
technology made or contributed by the employee during his or her employment.
In addition, we regularly enter into non-disclosure agreements with third
parties, such as consultants, potential joint venture partners and customers.
In spite of these precautions, it may be possible for third parties to copy,
develop or otherwise obtain and use our proprietary technology without
authorization or to develop similar technology independently.
Manufacturing Risks
Our products have a large number of components and are highly complex. We
have experienced and may continue to experience manufacturing delays due to
technical difficulties. In addition, many of our products must be semi-
customized to meet individual product specification requirements. The
customization of a customer order may require new technical capabilities not
previously incorporated successfully into our products. As a result, we may be
unable to complete our customers' customized development or technical
specifications in a timely manner. Any significant failure in this regard
would have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and
financial condition as well as our customer relationships. In addition, due to
the semi-customized nature of many of our products, we have incurred and may
continue to incur substantial unanticipated costs in a product's development
and production which cannot be passed on to the customer. Such unanticipated
costs include the increased cost of components due to expediting charges,
other purchasing inefficiencies and greater than expected engineering, quality
control, installation, upgrade, post-installation service and support and
warranty costs. The occurrence of any of these events could materially
adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
In certain instances we rely on a single source or a limited group of
suppliers for certain components and subassemblies used in our products. The
partial or complete loss of these sources could have at least a temporary
material adverse effect on our results of operations and damage customer
relationships due to the complexity of the products they supply and the
significant amount of time required to qualify new suppliers. In addition,
long lead times are often required to obtain critical components and
subassemblies used in certain of our products from these and other suppliers
which could impede our ability to quickly respond to changes in demand and
product specifications.
Shortages of critical components and subassemblies used in our products have
occurred in the past and may occur in the future. Also, the availability of
materials may have longer lead times. In addition, our manufacture and timely
delivery of products is often dependent on the ability of certain suppliers to
deliver subassemblies and other components in a timely manner. The failure of
such suppliers to deliver these components in a timely manner may delay our
product delivery until alternative sourcing may be developed. Alternative
sources may
22
not be located in time to avoid penalties or cancellation of our product
orders. If a significant order or orders were cancelled for this reason it
could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and
financial condition. Further, a significant increase in the price of one or
more components used to produce our products would increase our production
costs. See "Business -- Manufacturing."
Risk of Natural Disasters
We conduct our manufacturing activities at our facilities in San Diego,
Fremont and Hayward, California. Our manufacturing facilities are located in
seismically active areas. A major catastrophe (such as an earthquake or other
natural disaster) or other long-term disruption in our manufacturing
activities could result in a prolonged interruption of our business. See
"Business -- Manufacturing."
Risks Associated with Acquisitions
While we currently have no commitments, agreements or understandings with
respect to any future acquisitions, our business strategy includes the
expansion of our business, products lines and technology through acquisitions.
We regularly review various acquisition prospects, including companies,
technologies or products complementary to our business and periodically engage
in discussions regarding such possible acquisitions. Acquisitions involve
numerous risks, including:
. evaluating new technologies;
. difficulties in the assimilation of the operations, products, personnel
and cultures of the acquired companies;
. the ability to manage geographically remote units;
. the diversion of management's attention from other day-to-day business
concerns;
. the risks of entering markets in which we have limited or no direct
experience;
. the potential loss of key employees of the acquired companies;
. dilutive issuances of equity securities;
. the incurrence of additional debt;
. reduction of existing cash balances; and
. amortization expenses related to goodwill and other intangible assets and
other charges to operations that may materially adversely affect our
results of operations.
Moreover, any equity or debt financings proposed in connection with any
acquisition may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all, when,
and if, suitable strategic acquisition opportunities arise. Although
management expects to carefully analyze any opportunity before committing our
resources, there can be no assurance that any completed acquisition will
result in long-term benefits or that our management will be able to manage
effectively the resulting business. See "Business -- Competition."
We recorded write-downs totaling approximately $11.9 million and $2.0
million for 1996 and 1997, respectively, related to impairment losses on
certain purchased technology recorded primarily in connection with our
acquisitions of ART and certain assets of Cambrian and ABI. Such impairment
losses were generally the result of post-acquisition technological changes
that were developed independently of purchased technologies, causing a decline
in the carrying values of such purchased technologies. Such impairments may
occur in the future and future acquisitions may result in similar write-downs
of acquired assets. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations" and Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
We May Require Additional Capital to Fund Our Operations
To achieve our long-term strategic objectives and maintain our competitive
position, we will need additional financial resources over the next several
years to fund acquisitions, service debt, make capital
23
expenditures, fund working capital and pay for research and development. We
are continually investing in new technologies and our international
infrastructure and, as a result, our fixed costs may increase in the
foreseeable future, depending on the timing of any recovery in demand for our
products. Our fixed costs may also increase if we expand our infrastructure in
South Korea, Japan, other parts of Asia, or other locations. Any liquidity
deficiency in the future could delay or change our management's plans,
including curtailing our acquisition strategy, capital expenditures,
facilities expansion and research and development expenditures, which could
materially adversely affect our ability to pay our debts (including
indebtedness and interest under the Notes) and our business, operating results
and financial condition.
We continue to have limited cash resources and significant future
obligations. The precise amount and timing of our capital needs will depend
upon a number of factors, including:
. the market demand for our products;
. the availability of strategic opportunities;
. the progress of our product development efforts;
. technological challenges in connection with existing and future products;
and
. the success of our aggressive working capital and inventory management.
We may not be able to obtain additional financing as needed on acceptable
terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, our
acquisition strategy, capital expenditures, facilities expansion and research
and development expenditures would be materially and adversely affected. See
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources."
In August 1998, we issued and sold an aggregate of 6,360,000 shares of our
Series C Preferred Stock in our Series C Financing for $25.4 million in
proceeds. Immediately following the consummation of the Series C Financing, we
used $7.1 million of the proceeds from the offering to repay all outstanding
indebtedness under the credit facility that we entered into in January 1998
(the "New Credit Facility") and subsequently terminated such facility. As of
the date of this filing, we have no revolving or other type of working capital
credit facility for working capital. In September 1998, one of the investors
in the Series C Financing purchased an additional 1,250,000 shares of Series C
Preferred Stock for an aggregate of $5.0 million.
Based on currently available information, and subject to the success of our
aggressive working capital and inventory management efforts, we believe our
available cash and cash generated from operations will be adequate to fund our
operations for the foreseeable future, and for no less than the next 12
months. While operating activities may provide cash in certain periods
depending on the timing of any recovery in demand for our products, we may
require additional sources of financing. We may also from time to time
consider additional acquisitions of complementary businesses, products or
technologies, which may require additional financing. Additional sources of
funding could include additional debt and/or equity financings. However, we
continue to have limited capital resources and significant future obligations
including our future principal and interest payments under the Notes. The
existence of certain restrictive covenants in the Indenture for the Notes may
inhibit our ability to raise additional financing. There can be no assurance
that we will be able to obtain additional sources of financing on favorable
terms, if at all, at such time or times as we may require such capital. See
"Risk Factors-- We Have a Substantial Amount of Indebtedness."
We Depend on Key Personnel
Our future performance depends in significant part upon the continued
service of our chief executive officer, other senior management personnel and
our key technical personnel. We are dependent on our ability to identify,
hire, train, retain and motivate high quality personnel, especially highly
skilled engineers involved in the ongoing
24
developments required to develop and enhance our products and introduce new
and enhanced future products and applications. Our industry is characterized
by a high level of employee mobility and aggressive recruiting of skilled
personnel. Our employees may terminate their employment at any time.
Accordingly, there can be no assurance that any of our current employees will
continue to work for us. The loss of key employees could have a material
adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. We
have an employment agreement with our chief executive officer, but we do not
maintain key-man life insurance with respect to such individual. The
employment agreement is terminable at will by either party upon 30-days
written notice and contains a covenant not to compete during the term of the
agreement and for two years thereafter. See "Business-- Employees" and
"Executive Compensation -- Compensation Plans and Arrangements -- Employment
Contracts and Change in Control Arrangements."
Our International Operations are Subject to Inherent Risks
Our sales and operating activities outside of the United States are subject
to inherent risks, including:
. fluctuations in the value of the United States dollar relative to foreign
currencies;
. tariffs;
. quotas;
. taxes and other market barriers;
. political, economic and monetary instability;
. restrictions on the export or import of technology;
. potentially limited intellectual property protection;
. difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; and
. potentially adverse tax consequences.
These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business,
operating results or financial condition. In addition, although substantially
all of our export sales to date have been denominated in United States
dollars, such sales may not be denominated in dollars in the future. As a
result, currency exchange fluctuations in countries where we conduct business
could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and
financial condition. In this regard, several Asian countries, including South
Korea, Japan and Thailand, have recently experienced significant economic
downturns and significant declines in the value of their currencies relative
to the U.S. dollar. Due to these conditions, some of our customers may delay,
reschedule or cancel significant current or future product orders. If any such
orders are delayed, rescheduled or cancelled, our business, operating results
and financial condition would be adversely affected. To the extent that recent
economic troubles in Asian markets have negatively impacted the capacity
expansion and upgrade plans of our customers or potential customers in
affected regions, then such economic troubles have also negatively impacted
our operations. With respect to existing customers, we do not believe that
such Asian economic troubles have had a significant impact on our operations.
With respect to potential customers, we are unable to quantify the impact that
such Asian economic troubles will have on our operations.
We are Subject to Many Environmental Regulations
We are subject to a variety of governmental regulations relating to the use,
storage, discharge, handling, emission, generation, manufacture, treatment and
disposal of toxic or other hazardous substances, chemicals, materials or
waste. We believe that we are in compliance, in all material respects, with
such regulations. Any failure to comply with current or future regulations
could result in civil penalties or criminal fines being imposed upon us, or
our officers, directors or employees, suspension of production, alteration of
our manufacturing process or cessation of operations. Such regulations could
require expensive remediation or abatement actions to comply with
environmental regulations. Any failure to properly manage the use, disposal or
storage of, or adequately restrict the release of, hazardous or toxic
substances could subject us to significant liabilities.
25
The Notes Could be Voided or Subordinated if Certain Circumstances Existed at
the Time We Incurred Such Indebtedness
Under applicable provisions of federal bankruptcy law or comparable
provisions of state fraudulent transfer laws, if, among other things, we or
any Subsidiary Guarantor, at the time we incurred the indebtedness evidenced
by the Notes or the Note Guarantees, as the case may be, (1) (a) was or is
insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of such occurrence or (b) was or is
engaged in a business or transaction for which the assets remaining with us or
such Subsidiary Guarantor constituted unreasonably small capital or (c)
intended or intends to incur, or believed or believes that we would incur,
debts beyond our ability to pay such debts as they mature and (2) we or such
Subsidiary Guarantor received or receives less than reasonably equivalent
value or fair consideration for the incurrence of such indebtedness or
providing such guarantees, then the Notes and the Note Guarantees could be
voided or claims in respect of the Notes or the Note Guarantees could be
subordinated to all other debts of ours or such Subsidiary Guarantor, as the
case may be. In addition, our payment of interest and principal pursuant to
the Notes or the payment of amounts by a Subsidiary Guarantor pursuant to a
Note Guarantee could be voided and required to be returned to the person
making such payment, or to a fund for the credit of our creditors or such
Subsidiary Guarantor, as the case may be.
The measures of insolvency for purposes of the foregoing considerations will
vary depending upon the law applied in any proceeding with respect to the
foregoing. Generally, however, we or a Subsidiary Guarantor would be
considered insolvent if (1) the sum of our debts, including contingent
liabilities, were greater than the saleable value of all our assets at a fair
valuation or if the present fair saleable value of our assets were less than
the amount that would be required to pay our probable liabilities on our
existing debts, including contingent liabilities, as they become absolute and
mature or (2) we could not pay our debts as they become due.
On the basis of historical financial information, recent operating history
as discussed in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations" and other factors, we and each Subsidiary Guarantor
believe that, after giving effect to the indebtedness incurred in connection
with the Original Note Offering, we were not insolvent, did not have
unreasonably small capital for the business in which we were engaged and had
not incurred debts beyond our ability to pay debts as they mature. There can
be no assurance, however, as to what standard a court would apply in making
such determinations or that a court would agree with our or such Subsidiary
Guarantor's conclusions.
We May Not Be Able to Make Required Payments Upon a Change of Control
The Indenture provides that, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, we
will be required to make an offer to repurchase all of the Notes issued and
then outstanding under the Indenture at a purchase price equal to 101% of
their principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest and Liquidated
Damages, to the date of repurchase. If a Change of Control were to occur, it
is unlikely that we would be able to repay all of our obligations, the Notes
and any other indebtedness that may become payable in such event without
refinancing our obligations. We may not be able to obtain any such financing
on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and consequently we cannot give
any assurance that we would be able to repurchase any of the Notes upon a
Change of Control.
There Is No Active Trading Market for the Notes
No established trading market exists for the Notes. We do not intend to list
the Notes on any securities exchange or to seek admission thereof to trading
in the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System.
Although DLJ has advised us that it currently intends to make a market in the
Notes, DLJ is not obligated to do so and may discontinue such market making at
any time without notice. In addition, such market making activity will be
subject to the limits imposed by law. If a trading market does not develop or
is not maintained, holders of the Notes may experience difficulty in reselling
the Notes or may be unable to sell them at all. If a market for the Notes
develops, any such market may be discontinued at any time. Accordingly, there
can be no assurance as to the development or liquidity of any market for the
Notes.
26
Risks Related to the "Year 2000" Issue
Many existing computer programs use only two digits to identify a year in
the date field. These programs were designed and developed without considering
the impact of the upcoming change in the century. If not corrected, many
computer applications could fail or create erroneous results. We are in the
process of assessing the readiness of our internal computer systems, our
products and our vendors for handling the Year 2000 issue. Our assessment
includes identification of exposures, repair or replacement of deficient
systems, testing, implementation and contingency planning. We believe that all
of our critical internal business applications are Year 2000 ready, and that
all our products shipped after June 30, 1999 will be Year 2000 ready. We plan
to have product upgrades available to address Year 2000 issues related to
certain of our installed base of products, including all products shipped
after June 30, 1999. We are continuing to monitor our operations for Year 2000
readiness, including developing our contingency plan. To date, we have not
incurred any material costs in connection with our assessment of Year 2000
readiness. We do not believe that the costs of any actions required as a
result of such assessment will have a material adverse effect on our business,
operating results or financial condition. There can be no assurance, however,
that we will successfully implement the correct solutions or that there will
be no delay in or increased costs associated with our Year 2000 readiness
programs. Our inability to successfully implement such changes could have a
material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial
condition. In addition, there can be no assurance that our critical product
and service providers, and their critical providers and so on, are or will
become Year 2000 ready on a timely basis. The failure of such critical product
and service providers and integrated information systems to be or become Year
2000 ready could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating
results or financial condition. In addition, it is possible that our revenue
may be adversely affected if current and prospective customers direct their
spending resources away from purchasing our products over the next two years
in order to correct or replace information systems which are not Year 2000
ready.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company leases buildings with a total of approximately 41,000 square
feet in San Diego, California under a lease expiring in December, 2001; three
buildings with a total of 175,000 square feet under leases expiring in
November and December 2000 and August 2003 in Fremont, California; one
building with a total of 16,000 square feet under a lease expiring in May 1999
in Concord, California; and a 12,000 square foot building under a month-to-
month lease in Hayward, California. The Company conducts manufacturing and
research and development at all of these sites except Concord (research and
development only), and also has service and support capabilities at each of
these locations, except Hayward. The Company's domestic sales and marketing
functions are headquartered in its Fremont and San Diego facilities. For its
Pacific Rim operations, the Company also leases 1,900 square feet in Tokyo,
Japan; 2,700 square feet in AnSen City, South Korea; 5,000 square feet in
Singapore; 800 square feet in Thailand and 500 square feet in Malaysia. These
facilities are primarily used as technical, applications, and sales and
service support centers for the Company's Pacific Rim customers. The Company
believes that its facilities are adequate for its current level of business
and does not anticipate any material difficulty in renewing any of its leases
as they expire or securing replacement facilities, in each case on
commercially reasonable terms.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On May 4, 1998, the Company filed suit against Vlad Pogrebinsky, Igor
Iosilevsky, Thomas Tucker, Jonathan Nguyen and Magnetic Recording Solutions,
Inc. alleging misappropriation of trade secrets, breach of contract, copyright
infringement, interference with prospective advantage and unfair competition.
(Phase Metrics, Inc. v. Magnetic Recording Solutions et. al.) The case was
filed in the U.S. District Court in the Northern District of California. The
individual defendants are former employees of the Company. Among other things,
the Company seeks damages and injunctive relief for the misappropriation and
use of its trade secrets and confidential information and for unauthorized
copying and use of its copyrighted computer software. On July 29, 1998, the
defendants in the case filed counterclaims against the Company and its
president and chief executive officer alleging intentional and negligent
interference with contractual relations, intentional and negligent
interference with prospective business advantage, trade libel, slander per se,
intentional and negligent infliction
27
of emotional distress, unfair competition, attempted monopolization,
monopolization, and unfair practices in violation of California Business and
Professions Code Section 17000, et. seq. The counterclaim seeks injunctive
relief and damages in an unspecified amount. The court has stayed the claims
in the counterclaim which allege antitrust violations, in response to a motion
to bifurcate and stay brought by the Company. The Company believes it has
valid defenses to the counterclaims brought by the defendants in this case and
intends to vigorously defend such counterclaims.
On March 16, 1999, the court granted the Company's motion for a preliminary
injunction and enjoined the defendants from further marketing or selling the
infringing products and any derivative products thereof and from continuing to
use the Company's copyrighted and trade secret technology. On March 22, 1999,
the court held a hearing regarding the precise terms of the injunction and the
appropriate level of a bond.
The Company is also subject to various other legal matters in the normal
course of its business. While the results of litigation and claims cannot be
predicted with certainty, the Company believes that the final outcome of these
other matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business,
operating results or financial condition.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the quarter
ended December 31, 1998.
28
PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
Market Information
There is no established public trading market for Phase Metrics common
stock.
Holders
The number of holders of Phase Metrics common equity securities as of
February 2, 1999 was 16.
Dividend Policy
Phase Metrics' ability to declare and pay dividends on its common stock is
restricted by certain covenants in the Indenture. Phase Metrics intends to
retain all of its earnings to finance the development and growth of its
business. Accordingly, Phase Metrics does not anticipate that any dividends
will be declared on its common stock for the foreseeable future.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
29
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
1994(1) 1995(1) 1996(1) 1997 1998
(in thousands, except ratios)
Consolidated Statement
of Operations Data:
Net sales.............. $ 20,064 $116,894 $190,773 $184,660 $104,994
Gross profit(2)........ 10,099 52,128 86,912 83,366 11,826
Operating expenses(3).. 8,530 40,161 98,332 81,131 64,215
Income (loss) from
operations............ 1,569 11,967 (11,420) 2,235 (52,389)
Interest expense....... 651 5,625 8,448 11,573 14,456
Income (loss) before
income taxes and
extraordinary items... 943 6,193 (19,842) (9,812) (66,506)
Income tax expense
(benefit)(4).......... (611) 1,524 (8,974) (4,268) 9,000
Income (loss) before
extraordinary items... 1,554 4,669 (10,868) (5,544) (75,506)
Extraordinary loss, net
of income taxes....... -- -- (1,122) -- (1,345)
Net income (loss)...... 1,554 4,669 (11,990) (5,544) (76,851)
Other Data:
Cash provided by (used
for) operating
activities............ (1,994) 18,300 (21,402) (6,392) (11,962)
Cash provided by (used
for) investing
activities............ (22,266) (11,102) (40,885) (17,169) 10,156
Cash provided by (used
for) financing
activities............ 24,455 (3,099) 60,008 23,883 23,478
EBITDA(5).............. 2,782 27,864 21,533 24,107 (40,333)
Depreciation,
amortization and
write-downs of
intangible assets..... 1,213 15,897 32,953 21,872 12,056
Acquisition of
property, plant and
equipment............. 293 9,135 24,564 17,091 1,492
Ratio of earnings to
fixed charges(6)...... 1.0x 1.2x -- -- --
December 31,
------------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
(in thousands)
Consolidated Balance
Sheet Data:
Cash and cash
equivalents............ $ 917 $ 5,016 $ 2,737 $ 2,977 $ 24,714
Working capital......... (15,616) (5,774) 42,681 66,075 45,883
Total assets............ 49,609 119,896 154,013 154,730 96,115
Long-term debt,
including current
portion................ 28,200 30,239 96,020 121,057 116,631
Redeemable preferred
stock.................. 314 3,314 6,314 9,237 42,543
Stockholders' equity
(deficit)(2)(3)(4)..... (310) 3,592 (9,031) (17,873) (97,157)
- -------
(1) In November 1994, Phase Metrics acquired ProQuip, Inc. and certain net
assets of Cambrian. Between June 1995 and December 1996, Phase Metrics
completed six additional acquisitions, including Helios, Incorporated
("Helios") in June 1995, Applied Robotic Technologies, Inc. ("ART") in
July 1995, certain net assets of Tahoe Instruments ("Tahoe") in July 1995,
Air Bearings, Incorporated ("ABI") in January 1996, Santa Barbara Metric,
Inc. ("SBM") in December 1996 and a portion of the business of Kirell
Development, Inc. ("Kirell") in December 1996. See Note 3 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements. Each of these acquisitions was
accounted for as a purchase for financial reporting purposes, and, as a
result, Phase Metrics' consolidated statements of operations include the
operating results of ProQuip, Cambrian, Helios, ART, Tahoe, ABI, SBM and a
portion of the business of Kirell from their respective acquisition dates.
(2) In connection with the negative impact on Phase Metrics' operations of the
significant data storage industry downturn, for the year ended December
31, 1998, the Company recorded $19.8 million in charges to cost of sales
to write down excess and obsolete inventory.
(3) Phase Metrics incurred $1.0 million of restructuring costs in 1994 in
connection with the acquisitions of ProQuip and Cambrian, primarily
related to the elimination of duplicate facilities and information
systems. Phase Metrics incurred $4.2 million of restructuring costs in
1998, primarily related to employee severance costs and asset impairment
resulting from workforce reductions and facility consolidations.
(4) In connection with the negative impact on Phase Metrics' operations of the
significant data storage industry downturn, for the year ended December
31, 1998, Phase Metrics recorded $9.0 million of tax expense relating to
the recording of a valuation allowance against its entire deferred tax
asset balance. Prior to the
30
recapitalization, Phase Metrics was an S Corporation for 1994 income tax
purposes and, as such, taxable income and losses were passed on to the sole
stockholder of Phase Metrics as cash distributions. Had Phase Metrics been
a C corporation, assuming a combined statutory income tax rate of 41%,
income tax expense would have been approximately $0.4 million for 1994.
Phase Metrics has not declared or paid any cash dividends subsequent to its
conversion to a C Corporation and does not anticipate paying any cash
dividends in the foreseeable future.
(5) EBITDA represents income (loss) from operations before depreciation and
amortization and write downs of intangibles. EBITDA is presented because
management believes it is a commonly accepted financial indicator used by
certain investors and analysts to analyze and compare companies on the
basis of operating performance. EBITDA is not intended to represent cash
flows for the period, nor has it been presented as an alternative to
operating income (loss) as an indicator of operating performance and
should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of
performance prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. Phase Metrics understands that, while EBITDA is frequently
used by securities analysts in the evaluation of companies, EBITDA as used
herein is not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of
other companies due to potential inconsistencies in the method of
calculation.
(6) For purposes of determining this ratio, earnings consist of income (loss)
before income taxes (benefit) and extraordinary items. Fixed charges
consist of interest expense, a portion of operating lease rental expense
that is representative of the interest factor (deemed to be one-third of
operating lease rental expense) and dividends and related accretion for
redemption value and dividends on preferred stock. For the years ended
December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, earnings were inadequate to cover fixed
charges by $24.8 million, $14.7 million and $69.8 million, respectively.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of
operations of Phase Metrics should be read in conjunction with the
consolidated financial statements and the related notes to such financial
statements included elsewhere in this document. This discussion contains
forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Phase
Metrics' actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these
forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not
limited to, those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this
document.
General
The Company was incorporated in 1989 as a specialized merchant supplier of
production-test equipment for the data storage industry. From its inception to
November 1994, the Company was primarily engaged in developing and selling its
flying height tester systems to read/write head manufacturers. In order to
expand its operations and capitalize on the growing demand for process and
production-test equipment for the data storage industry, in November 1994 the
Company completed the Recapitalization and commenced a series of acquisitions
of other specialized suppliers of process and production-test equipment. In
November 1994, the Company acquired ProQuip and Cambrian, suppliers of process
and production-test equipment for disks and read/write heads. In June 1995,
the Company acquired Helios, a supplier of servowriter and other related
equipment used in the production of disk drives. In July 1995, the Company
acquired both ART, a supplier of integrated automation systems for process and
production-test equipment, and Tahoe, a developer of quasi-static MR head
testers used for testing MR read/write heads. In January 1996, the Company
acquired ABI, a supplier of air bearing spindles and other related components
used in the Company's products and by others. In December 1996, the Company
acquired SBM, a developer of spinstands and micropositioner equipment and
technology used by data storage manufacturers, and in December 1996, the
Company acquired a portion of the business of Kirell, a supplier of laser
texturizers used in the production of disks.
31
The Company accounted for each of its acquisitions as a purchase, and, as a
result, the Company's consolidated statements of operations include the
operating results of the acquired businesses from their respective dates of
acquisition. In connection with certain of the acquisitions, the Company
agreed to make earnout payments based on future sales of certain products
acquired in the acquisitions. At December 31, 1998, future potential combined
maximum earn-out payments in connection with such acquisitions are not
expected to be material. Also, in connection with the acquisitions, the
Company recorded capitalized intangible assets totaling $61.2 million. At
December 31, 1998, capitalized intangible assets consist primarily of
purchased technology and are being amortized over approximately three years
from the respective acquisition dates. The net book value of such capitalized
intangible assets was $1.4 million as of December 31, 1998.
There are a relatively small number of data storage manufacturers throughout
the world and the Company derives a significant portion of its net sales from
a relatively small number of customers. The Company expects that its
dependence on relatively few key customers will continue in the future.
Approximately 45.0%, 51.0% and 50.0% of its net sales in 1996, 1997 and 1998,
respectively, were derived from sales to its three largest customers in each
of those periods. Even though the Company's customer mix will likely change
from period to period in the future, Seagate, Komag, HMT, and Trace have
historically accounted for a significant portion of its net sales. For 1996,
1997 and 1998, Seagate accounted for 19.0%, 18.0% and 17.1%, respectively, of
net sales; Komag accounted for 14.5%, 15.9% and 4.8%, respectively, of net
sales; HMT accounted for 5.2%, 17.1% and 16.3%, respectively, of net sales;
and Trace accounted for 11.5%, 4.4% and 1.2%, respectively, of net sales. For
1998, Western Digital accounted for 16.6% of net sales. If net sales to these
or any of its other significant customers were to decrease in any material
amount in the future, the Company's business, operating results and financial
condition would be materially adversely affected.
The Company has no long-term contracts with its customers, and, in general,
the Company's customers may cancel, change or reschedule their orders with
limited or no penalty. The Company's customers often submit master purchase
orders against which they release specific product orders from time to time,
often with little lead time. Any cancellation, reduction, rescheduling or
significant delay of anticipated or actual orders from significant customers
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating
results and financial condition. Each of the Company's customers has unique
product specification requirements which requires the Company to provide semi-
customized products. As a result, per unit sales prices for the Company's
products will generally vary by customer and sales order. If production costs
with respect to the customization work are underestimated, there could be an
adverse impact on the Company's gross profits. In addition, the Company's
products often require post-installation, on-site customization and
integration in order to tailor products to customer specifications. Revenue
and corresponding expenses for significant post-installation services are
recognized in the period such services are provided. Inaccurate estimation of
such on-site service costs could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
The Company derives its revenues primarily from sales of its process and
production-test systems and upgrades and parts for such systems. The Company's
products can generally be categorized into four principal areas: (1) disk
(media) testing and processing, (2) read/write head testing, (3) disk drive
processing and (4) automation. The Company derives a significant portion of
its net sales from a relatively small number of products. In 1996, 1997 and
1998, the Company derived approximately 47.0%, 58.9% and 54.4% of its net
sales, respectively, from sales of its media certifier products (excluding
parts and service), with the MG250 series constituting a majority of the
Company's media certifier sales over each of these periods. However, since its
introduction in June 1997, sales of the Company's MC950 series media certifier
products have become an increasingly higher percentage of its media certifier
product sales. Moreover, the Company expects that net sales from its media
certifier products, including its MG series and its MC series, will continue
to account for a substantial portion of the Company's total net sales in the
foreseeable future. Any significant reduction in demand for its media
certifier products would have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, operating results and financial condition.
32
The Company's operating results have fluctuated in the past and the Company
expects that its operating results will continue to fluctuate in the future
from quarter to quarter and year to year. These fluctuations have resulted
from a number of factors including:
. The size and timing of orders from, and shipments to, major customers;
. The timing of introductions of new products and product enhancements by
the Company or its competitors;
. the Company's ability to develop, introduce and market new,
technologically advanced products;
. the cyclicality of the data storage industry;
. the rescheduling of capital expenditures by the Company's customers;
. variations in the Company's customer base and product mix;
. the level of any significant volume pricing discounts provided by the
Company;
. the availability and cost of key production materials and components;
. the Company's ability to effectively manage its inventory and to control
costs;
. the Company's dependence on a limited number of products and customers;
. the Company's success in expanding its operations overseas;
. personnel changes;
. expenses associated with acquisitions;
. fluctuations in amortization and write-downs of intangible assets; and
. exchange rate fluctuations and general economic factors.
The data storage industry in general has recently experienced significant
weakness in demand for products, intense competition and pricing erosion, and
overcapacity. Such adverse market conditions have resulted, and may in the
future result in, the deferral or cancellation of orders for the Company's
products. Delays or declines in orders for the Company's products have had a
material adverse effect on the Company's operating results and financial
condition over the last several quarters and fluctuations in demand for the
Company's products is expected to continue through 1999. Under current or
future market conditions, there can be no assurance that the Company's
business will generate adequate cash flow or that any growth can be achieved.
Because the Company must incur expenses and purchase inventory based on
anticipated and actual customer orders, any significant delay, rescheduling or
cancellation of such orders will have a material adverse effect on the
Company's operating results. For example, during the second and third quarters
of 1997, the Company increased its inventory substantially in anticipation of
satisfying expected demand from three of the Company's largest customers. A
significant portion of this anticipated demand has not materialized to date,
due primarily to overcapacity of certain process and production-test equipment
at these customers.
As indicated above, the Company's business, operating results and financial
condition have been adversely and materially affected by a downturn in the
data storage industry and reduced or delayed capital equipment expenditures by
data storage companies. In light of the continued downturn in the data storage
industry, and the Company's expectation that the data storage industry's
adverse market conditions will extend for the foreseeable future, on June 18,
1998, the Company implemented the June Restructuring, which included a
workforce reduction of approximately 115 employees, relocation and
consolidation of much of its Concord, California operation to the Company's
Fremont, California facility, and consolidation of its San Diego, California
facility. In connection with the consolidation of the San Diego, California
facility, the Company sold the real property, improvements, fixtures and
office buildings (collectively, the "Property") for aggregate net proceeds of
$11.9 million. In connection with the sale of the Property, the Company
entered into a lease with the purchaser
33
to lease back a portion of the Property. Due to the continued downturn in the
data storage industry, the Company implemented the November Restructuring,
which included a workforce reduction of approximately 60 employees and a
consolidation of facilities at the Company's Fremont, California location.
While the Company believes its cost-cutting measures are appropriate given the
Company's current and anticipated levels of net sales, there can be no
assurance that such measures will be sufficient and that additional cost-
cutting measures will not be necessary, or that the June Restructuring, the
November Restructuring or future cost-cutting measures will not have a
material adverse effect on the Company's ability to increase its net sales.
In connection with the negative impact on the Company's operations of the
significant data storage industry downturn, in 1998, the Company recorded
$19.8 million in charges to cost of sales to write-off excess and obsolete
inventory, $4.2 million in restructuring charges related to the June and
November Restructurings, as well as $9.0 million of tax expense related to the
recording of a valuation allowance against its entire net deferred tax asset
balance.
In August and September 1998 the Company sold 7,610,000 shares of Series C
Preferred Stock for $4 per share. The proceeds of approximately $30.4 million
were used to repay in full the Company's New Credit Facility and accrued
interest totaling $7.1 million, with the remaining proceeds used for general
operating purposes. The New Credit Facility was then terminated. As of the
date of this prospectus, the Company has no revolving or other type of credit
facility for working capital.
The Company had net sales of $184.7 million for 1997 compared to $105.0
million for 1998. The Company had EBITDA (as described in Footnote 5 in
"Selected Consolidated Financial Data") of $24.1 million for 1997 compared to
$(40.3) million for 1998. Cash used for operating activities was $6.4 million
for 1997 and $12.0 million for 1998. Period to period fluctuations in
operations impacting these amounts were the net losses for 1997 and 1998, a
decrease in amortization and write downs of intangible assets, a decrease in
deferred income tax assets, a smaller increase period to period in accounts
receivable, a decrease in 1998 inventories compared to an increase in 1997 and
increases in 1998 income taxes receivable and accrued expenses compared to
decreases in 1997. Cash used for operating activities decreased from $21.4
million in 1996 to $6.4 million in 1997 due to a smaller net loss, smaller
increases year over year in deferred income taxes, inventories and income
taxes receivable and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets, offset
by decreases in depreciation, amortization and write-downs of intangible
assets, purchased in-process research and development, an increase in accounts
receivable and larger decreases year over year in accounts payable and
customer deposits, accrued expenses and other liabilities. A net loss of $12.0
million in 1996 decreased to a net loss of $5.5 million in 1997 due primarily
to decreases in amortization and write-downs of intangible assets and
purchased in-process research and development expenses, partially offset by
increases in research and development and interest expense.
The Company believes that period-to-period comparisons of its results of
operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as
indicators of future performance. Quarterly results in the future may
fluctuate due to the factors discussed above or other factors.
Recent Operating Results
Based on information available as of the date of this filing, the Company
currently expects to report a significant decline in net sales and a
substantial net loss for the first quarter of 1999. The Company expects that
its net sales for the first quarter of 1999 will be between $10 million and
$12 million, compared to net sales of $32.5 million in the first quarter of
1998 and net sales of $18.7 million in the fourth quarter of 1998. The Company
attributes these decreases to the continued weakness in demand for its
products due to the severe downturn in the data storage industry over the past
several quarters.
Year 2000 Readiness
Many existing computer programs use only two digits to identify a year in
the date field. These programs were designed and developed without considering
the impact of the upcoming change in the century. If not
34
corrected, many computer applications could fail or create erroneous results.
We are in the process of assessing the readiness of our internal computer
systems, our products and our vendors for handling the Year 2000 issue. Our
assessment includes identification of exposures, repair or replacement of
deficient systems, testing, implementation and contingency planning. We
believe that all of our critical internal business applications are Year 2000
ready, and that all our products shipped after June 30, 1999 will be Year 2000
ready. We plan to have product upgrades available to address Year 2000 issues
related to certain of our installed base of products, including all products
shipped after June 30, 1999. We are continuing to monitor our operations for
Year 2000 readiness, including developing our contingency plan. To date, we
have not incurred any material costs in connection with our assessment of Year
2000 readiness. We do not believe that the costs of any actions required as a
result of such assessment will have a material adverse effect on our business,
operating results or financial condition. There can be no assurance, however,
that we will successfully implement the correct solutions or that there will
be no delay in or increased costs associated with our Year 2000 readiness
programs. Our inability to successfully implement such changes could have a
material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial
condition. In addition, there can be no assurance that our critical product
and service providers, and their critical providers and so on, are or will
become Year 2000 ready on a timely basis. The failure of such critical product
and service providers and integrated information systems to be or become Year
2000 ready could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating
results or financial condition. In addition, it is possible that our revenue
may be adversely affected if current and prospective customers direct their
spending resources away from purchasing our products over the next two years
in order to correct or replace information systems which are not Year 2000
ready.
35
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth for the periods indicated certain
consolidated statement of operations data in dollars, as well as such data
expressed as a percentage of net sales:
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
(in thousands)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Net sales.................................... $190,773 $184,660 $104,994
Cost of sales................................ 103,861 101,294 93,168
-------- -------- --------
Gross profit................................ 86,912 83,366 11,826
Operating expenses:
Research and development.................... 31,110 43,572 33,329
Selling, general and administrative......... 24,631 22,968 17,370
Amortization and write-downs of
intangibles................................ 28,656 14,591 3,460
Settlement charge........................... -- -- 5,872
Restructuring charge........................ -- -- 4,184
Purchased in-process research and
development................................ 13,935 -- --
-------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from operations................ (11,420) 2,235 (52,389)
Interest expense............................. 8,448 11,573 14,456
Other (income) expense -- net................ (26) 474 (339)
-------- -------- --------
Loss before income taxes and extraordinary
items....................................... (19,842) (9,812) (66,506)
Income tax (benefit) expense................. (8,974) (4,268) 9,000
-------- -------- --------
Loss before extraordinary items.............. (10,868) (5,544) (75,506)
Extraordinary loss, net of income taxes...... (1,122) -- (1,345)
-------- -------- --------
Net loss..................................... $(11,990) $ (5,544) $(76,851)
======== ======== ========
Other Data:
Cash used for operating activities........... $(21,402) $ (6,392) $(11,962)
Cash provided by (used for) investing
activities.................................. (40,885) (17,169) 10,156
Cash provided by financing activities........ 60,008 23,883 23,478
EBITDA(1).................................... 21,533 24,107 (40,333)
Year Ended December 31,
------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Net sales.................................... 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Cost of sales................................ 54.4 54.9 88.7
-------- -------- --------
Gross profit................................ 45.6 45.1 11.3
Operating expenses:
Research and development.................... 16.3 23.6 31.7
Selling, general and administrative......... 12.9 12.4 16.5
Amortization and write-downs of
intangibles................................ 15.0 7.9 3.3
Settlement charge........................... -- -- 5.6
Restructuring charge........................ -- -- 4.0
Purchased in-process research and
development................................ 7.3 -- --
-------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from operations................ (5.9) 1.2 (49.8)
Interest expense............................. 4.4 6.3 13.8
Other (income) expense -- net................ -- 0.3 (0.3)
-------- -------- --------
Loss before income taxes and extraordinary
items....................................... (10.3) (5.4) (63.3)
Income tax (benefit) expense................. (4.7) (2.3) 8.6
-------- -------- --------
Loss before extraordinary items.............. (5.6) (3.1) (71.9)
Extraordinary loss, net of income taxes...... (0.6) -- (1.3)
-------- -------- --------
Net loss..................................... (6.2) (3.1) (73.2)
======== ======== ========
Other Data:
Cash used for operating activities........... (11.2)% (3.5)% (11.4)%
Cash provided by (used for) investing
activities.................................. (21.4) (9.3) 9.7
Cash provided by financing activities........ 31.5 12.9 22.4
EBITDA(1).................................... 11.3 13.1 (38.4)
- ---------
(1) See "Selected Consolidated Financial Data" for definition of and caveats
regarding EBITDA.
36
Net Sales
Net sales consist primarily of revenue from sales of the Company's process
and production-test equipment and, to a lesser extent, related upgrades, parts
and services. Net sales decreased 43.2% from $184.7 million for 1997 to $105.0
million for 1998. This decrease was primarily due to decreased unit sales of
the Company's products due to the adverse market conditions previously
mentioned.
Net sales decreased 3.2% from $190.8 million for 1996 to $184.7 million for
1997. This decrease was primarily due to decreased sales of the Company's
servowriter and automation systems, which was partially offset by increased
sales of media certification systems over these periods.
Gross Profit
Cost of sales includes material costs, direct labor and overhead costs
related to the production and delivery of the Company's products, including
warranty and other service costs. Gross profit decreased from $83.4 million
for 1997 to $11.8 million for 1998. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales
("gross margin") decreased from 45.1% for 1997 to 11.3% for 1998. The decrease
was primarily due to (1) lower gross profit on products shipped in connection
with the Settlement Agreement discussed below, (2) two other customer
contracts involving lower than average sales prices which also negatively
impacted the Company's gross profit, (3) underutilization of manufacturing
capacity, (4) higher costs resulting from lower production volumes, and (5)
$19.8 million of inventory write-offs recorded in 1998 as a result of the
downturn in the data storage industry and its impact on the Company's
operations, partially offset by decreases in personnel costs as a result of
workforce reductions in August 1997, and January, June and November 1998. See
"Restructuring Charge" below.
Gross profit decreased from $86.9 million for 1996 to $83.4 million for
1997. Gross margin decreased from 45.6% for 1996 to 45.1% for 1997.
In April 1998, the Company entered into an agreement (the "Settlement
Agreement") to reimburse a major customer for costs incurred in connection
with the customer's cancellation of a contract with a third party to purchase
upgrades to certain production test equipment originally purchased from the
Company. The Company took this action to protect its intellectual property and
preserve a valued customer relationship. The Company concluded that such
actions were necessary in order to discourage further unauthorized use of its
intellectual property in the future by this or other third parties. The
Company recorded a $5.9 million charge to earnings in the second quarter of
1998 in connection with the Settlement Agreement. The Company is making the
reimbursement provided for under the Settlement Agreement by providing a
credit to the customer for products purchased by the customer. Products
purchased under the Settlement Agreement are at favorable pricing which
negatively impacted the Company's gross profit margin in 1998. Such negative
impact is expected to continue in 1999.
The Company is unable to control with any degree of certainty its product
sales volume, linearity or mix from period to period and therefore the
Company's gross margin in future periods may fluctuate from those achieved in
past periods. In any period when the Company experiences an unfavorable
product sales volume, linearity or mix and/or provides significant volume
pricing discounts, the Company's gross margin may decrease.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense consists primarily of salaries and related
costs of personnel and contract labor, project materials and other costs
associated with the Company's ongoing research and product development.
Research and development expense decreased from $43.6 million for 1997 to
$33.3 million for 1998. Research and development expense as a percentage of
net sales increased from 23.6% for 1997 to 31.7% for 1998. The percentage
increase was primarily due to the decrease in net sales, partially offset by a
decrease in personnel costs as a result of workforce reductions in August
1997, and January, June and November 1998. The Company anticipates that it
will continue to devote a significant amount of financial resources to
research and development for the foreseeable future.
37
Research and development expense increased from $31.1 million for 1996 to
$43.6 million for 1997. Research and development expense as a percentage of
net sales increased from 16.3% for 1996 to 23.6% for 1997. This increase was
primarily the result of increased purchases and use of project materials and
increased personnel related to significant design improvements for existing
products, and research and development related to new and next generation
products.
A significant amount of the increased research and development expenses and
improvements in 1996 and 1997 include relatively significant development
efforts related to one of the Company's media certifier products. The Company
experienced more challenges than planned in developing this product due to its
unique technical designs and capabilities.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expense primarily consists of salaries
and related personnel costs, including certain acquisition related earnout
costs incurred in connection with certain of the Company's acquisitions. See
Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Selling, general and
administrative expense decreased from $23.0 million for 1997 to $17.4 million
for 1998. Selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of net
sales increased from 12.4% for 1997 to 16.5% for 1998. The percentage increase
was primarily due to a decrease in net sales, partially offset by a decrease
in personnel costs as a result of workforce reductions in August 1997, and
January, June and November, 1998.
Selling, general and administrative expense decreased from $24.6 million for
1996 to $23.0 million for 1997. Selling, general and administrative expense as
a percentage of net sales decreased from 12.9% for 1996 to 12.4% for 1997. The
decrease in absolute dollars was principally due to the payment of $1.5
million in special, one-time bonuses to certain senior executive officers of
the Company in December 1996 and lower earnout costs of $2.0 million incurred
for 1997 compared to $3.8 million for 1996, which were offset by increased
personnel costs.
Amortization and Write-Downs of Intangibles
Amortization and write-downs of intangibles primarily consist of the
amortization of intangible assets, including intangible assets acquired in
connection with the acquisitions of ProQuip, Cambrian, Helios, ART and ABI
(principally purchased technology and covenants not to compete) and write-
downs related to the impairment of such assets. See Notes 1 and 3 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Amortization and write downs of intangible assets decreased from $14.6
million for 1997 to $3.5 million for 1998. This decrease was due to more
intangible assets becoming fully amortized prior to or during 1998 as well as
a write down to fair value of $2.0 million in 1997 related to impairment of
certain intangible assets recorded in connection with one of the Company's
acquisitions.
Amortization and write-downs of intangibles decreased from $28.7 million for
1996 to $14.6 million for 1997. This decrease was the result of write-downs to
fair value in 1996 related to impairment of certain intangible assets recorded
in connection with the Company's acquisitions of ART and Cambrian, partially
offset by write-downs to fair value in 1997, related to impairment of certain
intangible assets recorded in connection with the Company's acquisition of
ABI. Such impairments were generally the result of post-acquisition
technological changes that were developed independent of purchased
technologies causing a decline in the carrying values of such purchased
technologies.
Settlement Charge
In connection with the Settlement Agreement, discussed under "Results of
Operations -- Gross Profit," the Company recorded a $5.9 million charge to
earnings in the second quarter of 1998.
38
Restructuring Charge
In 1998, the data storage industry in general, including many of the
Company's customers, experienced significant weakness in demand for data
storage products, intense competition, pricing erosion and overcapacity in
manufacturing operations. Such adverse market conditions resulted in the
rescheduling or cancellation of orders by several of the Company's major
customers and had a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
operating results and financial condition. In light of these circumstances,
and the Company's expectation that the data storage industry's adverse market
conditions will extend for the foreseeable future, on June 18, 1998, the
Company implemented the June Restructuring, which included a workforce
reduction of approximately 115 employees, relocation and consolidation of much
of its Concord, California operation to the Company's Fremont, California
facility, and consolidation of its San Diego, California facility.
In the second quarter of 1998, the Company recorded a charge of $3.0 million
related to the June Restructuring. The significant components of the
restructuring charge were $0.9 million for employee severance costs, $2.0
million in impairment costs related to property, plant and equipment obsoleted
due to restructuring activities, and $0.1 million of other costs.
Due to the continued downturn in the data storage industry, the Company
implemented the November Restructuring in November 1998, which included a
workforce reduction of approximately 60 employees, and a consolidation of
facilities at the Company's Fremont, California location.
In the fourth quarter of 1998, the Company recorded a charge of $1.1 million
related to the November Restructuring. The significant components of the
restructuring charge were $0.3 million for employee severance costs and $0.6
million in impairment costs related to property, plant and equipment obsoleted
due to restructuring activities and $0.2 million of other costs.
As of December 31, 1998, $1.1 million had been paid and $0.4 million was
recorded as an accrued liability for remaining severance and other costs
related to the June and November restructurings. Relocation of the Concord
operation, and consolidation of facilities at the Fremont and San Diego
locations were complete as of December 31, 1998.
Purchased In-Process Research and Development
In connection with certain of the Company's acquisitions in 1996, the
Company acquired research and development projects that had not reached
technical feasibility and had no probable alternative future uses. The amount
allocated to purchased in-process research and development for the acquisition
of ABI was based on an independent third party valuation and was expensed as
of the date of the acquisition. Purchased in-process research and development
expense related to the Company's acquisition of ABI was $11.0 million for
1996. Purchased in-process research and development expense relating, in
substantial part, to the Company's acquisition of ABI, SBM and a portion of
the business of Kirell was $13.9 million for all of 1996. In 1996 and 1997,
the Company incurred costs of approximately $1.9 million and $1.5 million,
respectively, in connection with development of crash tolerant spindle
technology which comprised the purchased in-process research and development
project acquired in the ABI acquisition. In 1997 and 1998, the Company
incurred costs of approximately $1.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively,
in connection with development of spinstand technology which comprised the
purchased in-process research and development projects acquired in the SBM
acquisitions. In 1997, the Company incurred costs of approximately $1.0
million in connection with development of laser texturizer technology which
comprised the purchased in-process research and development project acquired
in the Kirell acquisition. The in-process research and development projects
acquired in connection with the ABI and Kirell acquisitions were completed in
1997 and the in-process research and development project acquired in
connection with the SBM acquisition was completed in 1998.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased from $8.4 million for 1996 to $11.6 million for
1997 and to $14.5 million for 1998. These increases primarily reflect the
increased debt levels outstanding and higher interest rates during the
respective periods.
39
Income Taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) was $(9.0) million for 1996, $(4.3) million for
1997 and $9.0 million for 1998.
For 1996 and 1997, the effective income tax rates differed from the
applicable statutory rates due primarily to state income taxes and utilization
of income tax credits available for research and development expenses. For
1998, the effective income tax rate differed from the applicable statutory
rate due primarily to the valuation allowance against the Company's entire
deferred tax asset balance. Such charge was taken due to uncertainty regarding
realization of the deferred tax asset, due to the significant loss incurred in
1998 and uncertainty regarding future taxable income.
Extraordinary Items
Extraordinary loss, net of income taxes, was $1.3 million for 1998, and
consisted of the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs in connection
with the January and August 1998 repayments of debt outstanding under the
Company's then-existing credit agreements.
Extraordinary loss, net of income taxes, was $1.1 million for 1996, and
consisted of the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs in connection
with the refinancing of the Company's then-existing credit agreements in
January and December 1996.
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Cash flow from operating activities is computed based on net income (loss)
plus depreciation, amortization and write-downs of intangible assets, certain
other non-cash charges, purchased in-process research and development costs
and changes in certain assets and liabilities.
Cash used for operating activities was $6.4 million for 1997 and
$12.0 million for 1998. Period to period fluctuations in operations impacting
these amounts were the net losses for 1997 and 1998, a decrease in
amortization and write downs of intangible assets, a decrease in deferred
income tax assets, a smaller increase period to period in accounts receivable,
a decrease in 1998 inventories compared to an increase in 1997 and increases
in 1998 income taxes receivable and accrued expenses compared to decreases in
1997.
Cash used for operating activities decreased from $21.4 million in 1996 to
$6.4 million in 1997 due to a smaller net loss, smaller increases year over
year in deferred income taxes, inventories and income taxes receivable and a
decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets, offset by decreases in
depreciation, amortization and write-downs of intangible assets, purchased in-
process research and development, an increase in accounts receivable and
larger decreases year over year in accounts payable and customer deposits,
accrued expenses and other liabilities.
EBITDA
EBITDA represents income (loss) from operations before depreciation and
amortization and write-downs of intangible assets. EBITDA is presented because
management believes EBITDA is a commonly accepted financial indicator used by
certain investors and analysts to analyze and compare companies on the basis
of operating performance. EBITDA is not intended to represent cash flows for
the period, nor has it been presented as an alternative to operating income
(loss) as an indicator of operating performance and should not be considered
in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company had EBITDA of $24.1 million for 1997 compared to $(40.3) million
for 1998. This decrease was primarily due to decreased net sales, lower gross
margins, the settlement charge and the restructuring charges, partially offset
by decreases in research and development and selling, general and
administrative expenses.
40
EBITDA increased from $21.5 million for 1996 to $24.1 million for 1997. This
increase resulted primarily from decreases in selling, general and
administrative expenses and purchased in-process research and development
partially offset by decreases in gross profit and increases in research and
development.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has financed its capital requirements through sales of Common
and Preferred Stock, and borrowings under the Notes and subordinated, term and
revolving credit facilities. The Company's principal sources of liquidity have
been cash flow from operations and borrowing. The Company's principal
requirements for cash are debt service requirements, capital expenditures and
working capital.
As of December 31, 1998, the Company's outstanding indebtedness included
$105.5 million under the Notes, $8.0 million under its Convertible
Subordinated Notes and $3.1 million of capital lease obligations. At December
31, 1998, the Company had $7.1 million of accrued interest on indebtedness
outstanding on the Convertible Subordinated Notes. The Convertible
Subordinated Notes (including all accrued interest thereon) are convertible
into 5,142,720 shares of Common Stock at the option of the holders thereof and
will automatically convert upon the consummation of an initial public offering
of the Company's Common Stock. As of the date of this filing, the Company does
not have a working capital credit facility in place.
The Notes and the related Indenture do not contain ongoing quarterly or
annual financial covenant requirements but do contain customary covenants
restricting the Company's ability to, among other things, incur additional
indebtedness, create liens or other encumbrances, pay dividends or make other
restricted payments, make investments, loans and guarantees or sell or
otherwise dispose of a substantial portion of assets to, or merge or
consolidate with, another entity.
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities was $(17.2) million for
1997 and $10.2 million for 1998. In 1997, the amount consisted primarily of
cash used in connection with purchases of property and equipment. In 1998, the
amount consisted of proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment
partially offset by cash used in connection with purchases of property, plant
and equipment. Cash provided by financing activities was $23.9 million for
1997 and $23.5 million for 1998, and consisted primarily of revolving loan
activity in 1997, while 1998 included the net proceeds from issuance of the
Notes, net of repayment of borrowings under the Company's previous term notes
and revolving loans, as well as the issuance of the Series C Preferred Stock.
The Company plans approximately $1.3 million in capital expenditures during
the next 12 months. The Company has no material outstanding commitments with
respect to such planned expenditures as of the date of this filing.
The Company's non-United States subsidiaries (the "Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries"), have not guaranteed the Company's obligations under the Notes.
As of and for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, the operating
results and assets of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, individually and in the
aggregate, were not material to the results of operations and assets of the
Company on a consolidated basis, net of intercompany eliminations. See Note 14
of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The total assets, total
liabilities, net sales and net income (loss) of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
as a percentage of the Company's consolidated total assets, total liabilities,
net sales and net income (loss) as of and for the year ended December 31, 1997
were 3.1%, 0.4%, 1.6% and 10.1%, respectively, and as of and for the year
ended December 31, 1998, were 6.7%, 0.5%, 11.1% and 0.0%, respectively. The
financial statements of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are measured using
the local currency as the functional currency. The Company has not
historically experienced material gains or losses resulting from currency
exchange rate fluctuations.
Based on currently available information, and subject to the success of the
Company's aggressive working capital and inventory management efforts, the
Company believes that its available cash and cash generated from operations
will be adequate to fund its operations for the foreseeable future, and for no
less than the next 12 months. While operating activities may provide cash in
certain periods depending on the timing of any recovery in demand for the
Company's products, the Company may require additional sources of financing.
The Company may also from time to time consider additional acquisitions of
complementary businesses, products or technologies, which may require
additional financing. Additional sources of funding could include additional
41
debt and/or equity financings. However, the Company continues to have limited
capital resources and significant future obligations and including the
Company's future principal and interest payments under the Notes. The
existence of certain restrictive covenants in the Indenture for the Notes may
inhibit the Company's ability to raise additional financing. There can be no
assurance the Company will be able to obtain alternative sources of financing
on favorable terms, if at all, at such time or times as the Company may
require such capital. See "Risk Factors -- We Have a Substantial Amount of
Indebtedness."
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate and Investment Risk
The Company's exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and market values
of its investments relates primarily to the Company's short-term investment
portfolio, which is included in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has not
used derivative financial instruments in its investment portfolio. The Company
invests its excess cash in debt instruments of the U.S. Government and its
agencies, and in high-quality corporate issuers and, by policy, limits the
amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The Company protects and
preserves its invested funds by limiting default, market and reinvestment
risk. However, due to the short-term nature of the Company's investments, the
impact of interest rate changes would not have a material impact on the value
of such investments. The effect of interest rate and investment risk on the
Company has not been material.
Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning
instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may
have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest
rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if
interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, the Company's future
investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest
rates or the Company may suffer losses in principal if forced to sell
securities which have declined in market value due to changes in interest
rates.
The Company is also exposed to interest rate risk on its fixed rate debt
obligations. At December 31, 1998, fixed rate debt obligations totaled $113.5
million. The fixed rate debt obligations bear interest at a weighted average
annual rate of 10.7%, and maturities are $1.6 million, $1.5 million, $0.4
million, $0.1 million and $110 million in 1999, 2000, 2001 2002 and 2005,
respectively. While generally an increase in market interest rates will
decrease the value of this debt, and decreases in rates will have the opposite
effect, the Company is unable to estimate the impact that interest rate
changes will have on the value of the substantial majority of this debt as
there is no active public market for the debt and the Company is unable to
determine the market interest rate at which alternate financing would have
been available at December 31, 1998.
Foreign Currency Risk
International sales are made primarily by the Company's domestic operations
and are typically denominated in the U.S. dollar, although pricing is
influenced by competitors operating in related foreign currencies. The
currency denominations of international sales made by the Company's foreign
sales and service subsidiaries vary by country and customer, but are generally
the U.S. dollar. These foreign subsidiaries purchase most service and resale
parts, denominated in U.S. dollars, from the Company's U.S. operations. These
foreign subsidiaries incur most of their operating expenses in the local
currencies. All foreign subsidiaries use the local currency as their
functional currency. The effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations
on the Company has not been material. Net assets and revenues denominated in
currencies other than the U.S. dollar have been less than 10% of total Company
net assets and revenues. A 10% change in the foreign currency exchange rates
would not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Phase Metrics' financial statements, schedules and supplementary data, as
listed under Item 14, appear in a separate section of this Report beginning on
page F-2.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
42
PART III.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Directors, Executive Officers and Key Employees
Set forth below is certain information regarding the directors and executive
officers of the Company as of February 28, 1999.
Name Age Position
John F. Schaefer............56 Chairman of the Board, President and Chief
Executive Officer
David L. Bultman............51 Executive Vice President, General Manager,
Disk Drive and Media Products
Wayne G. Erickson...........41 Vice President, Sales and Marketing, Head
Products and Vice President, Corporate Business
Development
Dr. Michael R. Madden.......56 Vice President, Operations, Head Products
Ronald Y. Miyahara..........49 Vice President and General Manager, Asia
Operations
Albertus H. Munnikhuis......47 Vice President, Sales and Marketing, Disk Drive
and Media Products
Dr. Jun Zhu.................32 Vice President, Head Product Development
Michael G. Rogowski.........45 Vice President, Operations, Disk
Drive and Media Products
Brad LaLuzerne..............38 Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer
and Assistant Secretary
Arthur J. Cormier(1)........41 Director
Thompson Dean(1)(2).........40 Director
Robert Finzi(1)(2)..........45 Director
Dr. Gilbert F. Amelio(1)....55 Director
William E. Terry(2).........65 Director
Andrew T. Sheehan...........40 Director
- --------
(1) Member of Audit Committee
(2) Member of Compensation Committee
John F. Schaefer has been Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
since November 1994 and President since February 1997. From 1992 to 1994, Mr.
Schaefer was President, Chief Operating Officer and Director of McGaw
Incorporated, a provider of intravenous products and devices. From 1989 to
1991, Mr. Schaefer was President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of
Levolor Corporation ("Levolor"), a manufacturer of window blinds and similar
products. Prior to joining Levolor in 1989, Mr. Schaefer was employed by Baker
Hughes, Inc., where he was President of the Process Equipment Group, Executive
Vice President of the Corporation, and a Director.
David L. Bultman became Executive Vice President, General Manager, Disk
Drive and Media Products in June 1998. Mr. Bultman was Vice President, Product
Development, Disk Drive and Media Products from July 1996 to June 1998. From
December 1994 to July 1996, Mr. Bultman was employed by Storage Dimensions,
Inc., serving as Senior Vice President, Engineering. From November 1993 to
October 1994, Mr. Bultman was
43
Vice President, Engineering at DKI. Prior to joining DKI, Mr. Bultman was Vice
President, Engineering at Ministor Peripherals.
Wayne G. Erickson became Vice President, Sales and Marketing, Head Products
and Vice President, Corporate Business Development in June 1998. Mr. Erickson
was Vice President Sales and Marketing from November 1992 until June 1998.
From January 1985 to November 1992, Mr. Erickson was employed by Quantum/Plus
Development Corporation ("Quantum"), a leading supplier of read/write head
systems, serving as OEM Marketing Manager, Product Line Manager and National
Sales Manager, Retail Channels. Prior to joining Quantum, Mr. Erickson was
Engineer and Program Manager at Shugart Corporation.
Dr. Michael R. Madden has been Vice President, Operations, Head Products
since February 1995 and was promoted to Vice President, Technology Transfer in
June 1995. Prior to February 1995, Dr. Madden managed the High Reliability
Products Division of UDT Sensors, Inc. He also served as Vice President,
Research Development, for Advanced Photonix, Inc. From 1977 to 1987, Dr.
Madden was the Chief Executive Officer of Centronics Electro-Optics, Inc. and
Silicon Detector Corporation.
Ronald Y. Miyahara has been Vice President and General Manager, Asia
Operations for the Company since November 1995, having previously served as
Vice President, Operations from November 1994 through October 1995. Mr.
Miyahara previously served as President of ProQuip, Inc., a supplier of
advanced process and production-test equipment for disk manufacturers, which
the Company acquired in November 1994. Prior to the acquisition, Mr. Miyahara
served in various positions at ProQuip, Inc., including President and General
Manager from 1991 to 1994, Vice President of Operations from 1989 to 1991, and
Chief Financial Officer from 1984 to 1991.
Bert Munnikhuis became Vice President, Sales and Marketing, Disk Drive and
Media Products in June 1998. He has been Senior Director of Media Products,
Sales & Marketing, since January 1997 and was Director, Media Products, Sales
and Marketing, from November 1994. Mr. Munnikhuis previously served in various
positions including Vice President of Marketing and Sales at Cambrian Systems,
Inc. from 1986 to 1994.
Brad LaLuzerne became Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer in
June 1998. Prior to that, Mr. LaLuzerne held the Controller and other
positions in the Fremont operation from March 1996 to June 1998. Between June
1984 and March 1996, Mr. LaLuzerne held various positions at Harnischfeger
Industries, Inc., including Division Controller.
Dr. Jun Zhu became Vice President, Head Product Development in June 1998.
Dr. Zhu was Director, Quasistatic Products from June 1997 until June 1998.
From September 1996 to June 1997, he was a project manager for the Company.
From June 1993 to September 1996, Dr. Zhu was employed by Read-Rite
Corporation in various engineering capacities.
Michael G. Rogowski has been Vice President, Operations, Disk Drive and
Media Products since June 1998 and was Vice President of Customer Engineering
from November 1994 to June 1998. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Rogowski
was Vice President of Manufacturing/Test Engineering for Cambrian Systems,
Inc., a supplier of advanced process and production-test equipment for disk
and read/write head manufacturers, which the Company acquired in November
1994. From 1992 to 1994, Mr. Rogowski was the Director of Test Engineering at
Akashic Memories. Between 1979 and 1992, Mr. Rogowski held various positions
in engineering and management in the Mechanical Integration, Test Equipment
Development, and Manufacturing Test Engineering organizations within IBM
Corporation.
Arthur J. Cormier has been a consultant to the Company since February 1997.
Mr. Cormier founded the Company and has served as a Director since the
Company's inception in 1989. He served as President and Chief Operating
Officer of the Company since its inception until February 1997. He held the
position of Chief Executive Officer until the Company's recapitalization in
November 1994. From 1987 to 1989, Mr. Cormier was Applications Engineer for
National Micronetics Incorporated. Prior to joining National Micronetics, Mr.
Cormier was employed by Eastman Kodak Company from 1985 to 1987, where he was
an Engineering Program Manager.
Thompson Dean has been a Director of the Company since November 1994. Since
January 1997, Mr. Dean has been Managing Partner of DLJ Merchant Banking,
Inc., an affiliate of DLJ. Prior to that Mr. Dean had been
44
a Managing Director of DLJ Merchant Banking, Inc. since May 1992. Prior to
that time, Mr. Dean served as a Managing Director of DLJ, and was employed by
that firm in various capacities from September 1988 until September 1992.
Robert Finzi has been a Director of the Company since November 1994. Since
May 1991, Mr. Finzi has been a Vice President of Sprout Group, a division of
DLJ Capital Corporation, which is the managing general partner of Sprout
Growth II, L.P. and an affiliate of DLJ. Mr. Finzi is also a general partner
of a series of investment funds managed by Sprout Group and a limited partner
of the general partner of ML Ventures II, L.P. From 1984 to 1991, Mr. Finzi
was a Vice President of Merrill Lynch Venture Capital. Mr. Finzi also serves
on the Board of Directors of The Cerplex Group, Inc., Gentle Dental Services
Co. and four privately-held companies.
Dr. Gilbert F. Amelio has been a Director of the Company since June 1995.
From 1994 until July 1997, Dr. Amelio served as a Director of Apple Computer,
Inc. ("Apple") and from February 1996 until July 1997 he served as Chairman of
the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Apple. Prior to joining Apple, Dr.
Amelio was Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of
National Semiconductor Corporation for five years. Dr. Amelio is an IEEE
Fellow, holder of 16 patents and is the co-author of two books, "Profit from
Experience: The National Semiconductor Story of Transformation Management" and
"On the Firing Line: My 500 Days at Apple." Dr. Amelio is currently Partner
and Director of The Parkside Group, LLC and serves on the Board of Directors
of SBC Communications.
William E. Terry has been a Director of the Company since August 1997. From
1986 until his retirement in November 1993, Mr. Terry served as Executive Vice
President and a Director of Hewlett-Packard. Prior to that, Mr. Terry served
in a number of other senior executive positions with Hewlett-Packard. Mr.
Terry currently serves on the Board of Directors of Keytronic Corporation and
Altera Corporation.
Andrew T. Sheehan has been a Director of the Company since August 1998. Mr.
Sheehan joined ABS Capital Partners II, L.P. ("ABS") in April 1998 as a
General Partner. Prior to joining ABS, Mr. Sheehan was a Managing Director in
the technology group of BT Alex. Brown and the co-head of West Coast
investment banking in San Francisco. Mr. Sheehan joined Alex. Brown in 1985.
Mr. Sheehan holds board membership on other privately held companies.
Board Committees
The Board of Directors has a Compensation Committee which is responsible for
making determinations regarding salaries, bonuses and other compensation
matters for the Company's executive officers. The members of the Compensation
Committee are Messrs. Dean, Finzi and Terry. None of these individuals were at
any time during 1998 an officer or employee of the Company.
The Board of Directors also has an Audit Committee which supervises and
makes recommendations and decisions with respect to the periodic audits of the
Company's financial results. The members of the Audit Committee are Messrs.
Cormier, Dean, Finzi and Dr. Amelio.
Director Compensation
Except as described below, the directors do not receive cash compensation
for services on the Board of Directors or any committee thereof.
Dr. Amelio and Mr. Terry are each paid a retainer by the Company of $1,000
per month for their services on the Board of Directors. Dr. Amelio and Mr.
Terry also each receive $1,000 for each meeting of the Board of Directors or
committee thereof that they attend. In addition, the Company granted Dr.
Amelio an option to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock under the 1995
Option Plan at an exercise price of $1.00 per share when he joined the Board
in June 1995 and Mr. Terry was granted an option to purchase 50,000 shares of
45
common stock under the 1995 Option Plan at an exercise price of $8.75 per
share when he joined the Board in August 1997. In 1998, Mr. Terry was granted
an option to purchase an additional 50,000 shares of common stock at an
exercise price of $3.75 per share. These options are immediately exercisable
for all the option shares, but any shares purchased under the option will be
subject to repurchase by the Company at the option exercise price paid per
share if Dr. Amelio or Mr. Terry cease serving on the Board prior to vesting
in their respective shares. As of February 28, 1999, Dr. Amelio had vested in
73,333 option shares and Mr. Terry had vested in 15,833 option shares. Dr.
Amelio and Mr. Terry will vest in their remaining option shares, as long as
they remain members of the Board, in a series of successive equal monthly
installments upon completion of each additional month of Board service. The
vesting period for the options granted to Dr. Amelio and Mr. Terry is five
years.
Mr. Cormier provides consulting services to the Company under an arrangement
which provides for payment of $1,500 per day plus expenses when consulting
services are provided, including attendance at Company meetings and technical
conferences. Under the consulting arrangement, Mr. Cormier also receives an
office and clerical assistance at the Company's facilities, and his family
receives health care insurance coverage.
All non-employee Board members are reimbursed for their out-of-pocket
expenses in serving on the Board of Directors.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth certain summary information concerning the
compensation earned in 1997 and 1998 by the Company's Chief Executive Officer
and its four other most highly compensated executive officers (the "Named
Executive Officers") whose total salary and bonus for 1998 exceeded $100,000,
for services rendered to the Company in all capacities during that year. No
executive who would otherwise have been includable in such table on the basis
of salary and bonus earned for 1998 has resigned or otherwise terminated
employment during 1998.
Summary Compensation Table
Long Term
Compensation
Awards
------------
Annual Compensation Securities
Name and ------------------------------ Underlying All Other
Principal Position(s) Year Salary Bonus Other(1) Options Compensation(2)
John F. Schaefer........ 1997 $325,000 $105,000 $ -- -- $6,658
Chairman and Chief 1998 314,615 -- -- -- 5,000
Executive Officer
David L. Bultman........ 1997 230,000 190,000 (3) 3,256 -- 2,569
Vice President, General 1998 250,962 201,708 3,818 3,358
Manager, Product
Development Disk Drive
and Media Products
Wayne G. Erickson....... 1997 -- -- -- -- --
Vice President, Sales 1998 207,692 11,200 1,921 -- 2,762
and Marketing
Head Products and Vice
President, Corporate
Business Development
Albert H. Munnikhuis.... 1997 -- -- -- -- --
Vice President, Sales 1998 166,346 39,545 6,900 -- 4,003
and Marketing
Disk Drive and Media
Products
Neil A. Brumberger(4)... 1997 200,000 75,000 2,483 -- 4,904
Vice President and 1998 153,287 75,000 1,177 -- 4,115
President, Phase
Metrics Automation
- --------
(1) Includes the value of personal use of Company automobiles.
(2) Includes the Company's matching contribution under its 401(k) Plan.
(3) Includes forgiven loans and signing bonuses totalling $150,000.
(4) The Company reached an agreement for the termination of Mr. Brumberger's
full-time employment with the Company effective July 1998.
46
Stock Options and Stock Appreciate Rights
The following table contains information concerning the stock options
granted to the Named Executive Officers during 1997 and 1998. All the grants
were made under the Company's 1995 Plan (as defined herein). No stock
appreciation rights were granted to the Named Executive Officers during 1997
or 1998.
Individual Grants(1)
---------------------------------------------------------
Potential
Realization Value
Market at Assumed
Price of Annual Rates of
Number of Percent Securities Stock Price
Securities of Total Exercise Underlying Appreciation For
Underlying Options Granted Price Options on Option Term(3)
Options to Employees in Per Date of Expiration -----------------
Name Year Granted 1997 and 1998 Share(2) Grant(2) Date 5% 10%
---- ---- ---------- --------------- -------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
John F. Schaefer........ 1997 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1998 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
David L. Bultman........ 1997 25,000 2.3% $8.75 $8.75 8/01/07 $137,571 $348,631
1998 125,000 10.6 3.75 3.75 7/30/08 294,794 747,067
Wayne G. Erikson........ 1997 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1998 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Albert H. Munnikhuis.... 1997 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1998 40,000 3.4 3.75 3.75 7/30/08 94,334 239,061
Neil A. Brumberger(4)... 1997 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1998 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
- --------
(1) Option grants are immediately exercisable for all the option shares, but
any shares purchased under such option will be subject to repurchase by
the Company at the option exercise price paid per share.
(2) The exercise price is equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock
on the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors taking into
account a number of factors at the time of the grants, including, without
limitation, the current status of the Company and its future prospects,
the status of the disk drive industry, values of comparable companies and
the appraisals of an independent, third-party appraiser engaged by the
Company.
(3) There can be no assurance provided to any executive officer or other
holder of the Company's securities that the actual stock price
appreciation over the ten-year option term will be at the assumed 5% and
10% levels or at any other defined level. Unless the market price of the
Common Stock appreciates over the option term, no value will be realized
from those option grants which were made to the Named Executive Officers
with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the option shares
on the grant date.
(4) The Company reached an agreement for the termination of Mr. Brumberger's
full-time employment with the Company effective July 1998.
47
Aggregate Option Exercises in 1997 and 1998 and Year-End Values
The following table provides information, with respect to each of the Named
Executive Officers, concerning the exercise of options during 1997 and 1998
and unexercised options held by them at the end of each of those fiscal years.
None of the Named Executive Officers exercised any options during 1997 or
1998.
Value of Unexercised
Number of Unexercised Options In-the-Money Options at
at December 31, 1997 and 1998(#) December 31, 1997 and 1998($)(1)
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Name Year Exercisable(2) Unexercisable Exercisable(2) Unexercisable
---- ---- ---------------- ------------------ ---------------- ------------------
John F. Schaefer........ 1997 -- -- -- --
1998
David L. Bultman........ 1997 125,000(2) -- -- --
1998 250,000 -- --
Wayne G. Erikson........ 1997 -- -- -- --
1998 -- -- -- --
Albert H. Munnikhuis.... 1997 -- -- -- --
1998 60,000(3) -- $ 55,000(3) --
Neil A. Brumberger(4)... 1997 -- -- -- --
1998 -- -- -- --
- --------
(1) Based upon the fair market values of $8.75 and $3.75 per share determined
by the Board of Directors at December 31, 1997 and 1998, respectively,
less the option exercise price (i.e., the fair market value of the Common
Stock on the date of grant, as determined by the Board of Directors),
payable per share. The Board of Directors takes into account a number of
factors in determining fair market value, including, without limitation,
the current status of the Company and its future prospects, the status of
the disk drive industry, values of comparable companies and the appraisals
of an independent, third-party appraiser engaged by the Company.
(2) Although the options are fully exercisable, only 28,333 and 54,118 options
had vested as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, respectively. The option
shares issuable upon exercise of such options are, prior to vesting,
subject to a right of repurchase in favor of the Company.
(3) Although the options are fully exercisable, only 13,333 options had vested
as of December 31, 1998. The option shares issuable upon exercise of such
options are, prior to vesting, subject to a right of repurchase in favor
of the Company.
(4) The Company reached an agreement for the termination of Mr. Brumberger's
full-time employment with the Company effective July 1998.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The members of the Compensation Committee are Messrs. Dean, Finzi and Terry,
none of whom has been an officer or employee of the Company at any time since
the Company's inception. No executive officer of the Company serves as a
member of the Board of Directors or Compensation Committee of any entity which
has one or more executive officers serving as a member of the Company's Board
of Directors or Compensation Committee. Prior to the formation of the
Compensation Committee, the Board of Directors as a whole made decisions
relating to compensation of the Company's executive officers.
Mr. Dean is a Managing Director of DLJ Merchant Banking Partners, L.P., and
Mr. Finzi is a General Partner of Sprout Group, both of which are affiliates
of DLJ. DLJ is a principal stockholder of the Company. In each of 1996, 1997
and 1998, the Company paid DLJ $200,000 in fees for financial advisory and
certain investment banking services provided to the Company. DLJ acted as the
Initial Purchaser in the Original Note Offering and received an underwriting
discount of $3.575 million in connection therewith. See "Security Ownership of
Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" and "Certain Relationships and
Related Transactions."
48
Compensation Plans and Arrangements
Employment Contracts and Change in Control Arrangements
In November 1994, the Company entered into an employment contract with Mr.
Schaefer providing for his employment as chief executive officer and chairman
of the Board of the Company. The employment contract is terminable at will by
either Mr. Schaefer or the Company upon 30-days notice. The employment
contract provides for an annual minimum base salary of $300,000. In addition,
beginning in 1996, Mr. Schaefer became eligible to receive a bonus under the
Company's bonus plan for officers. If the employment contract is terminated by
the Company for any reason other than for cause or by Mr. Schaefer due to
breach of the agreement or certain other actions by the Company, the Company
must pay Mr. Schaefer, in addition to all accrued and unpaid salary and
benefits, his salary and certain benefits for a period of 12 months from the
date of such termination. If the Company terminates Mr. Schaefer's employment
upon his permanent disability, subject to reduction for any insurance benefits
received, Mr. Schaefer is entitled to receive his salary and benefits for 12
months from the date of such termination.
In July 1995, in connection with the acquisition of ART, the Company entered
into an employment contract with Mr. Brumberger providing for his employment
as Vice President of the Company and President, Phase Metrics Automation. The
Company reached an agreement for the termination of Mr. Brumberger's full-time
employment with the Company, effective July 1998.
In connection with any change of control of the Company, subject to certain
limitations, outstanding options held by Mr. Bultman (as well as certain other
senior executive officers) will either immediately vest in full, or will
subsequently vest in full upon the involuntary termination of the individual's
employment within 12 months thereafter.
Bonus Plan for Officers and Certain Key Employees
The Company has an established bonus plan for officers and certain key
employees, including the Named Executive Officers. Payment of bonuses under
this plan is dependent on the Company achieving financial goals established
annually by the Compensation Committee, as well as the employee achieving
certain priorities as established by Company management. Bonus targets range
from a low of 10% of base salary for certain employees to a high of 50% of
base salary for the Chief Executive Officer. Employees can earn up to 150% of
their bonus targets, depending upon the performance of both the employee and
the Company.
1995 Stock Option Plan
The Company's 1995 Stock Option Plan (the "1995 Plan") became effective when
adopted by the Board of Directors (the "Board") and approved by the Company's
shareholders in April 1995. A total of 6,300,000 shares of common stock have
been authorized for issuance over the term of the 1995 Plan, subject to
adjustment in the event of any stock dividends, stock splits or other similar
changes affecting the Company's outstanding common stock.
Employees (including officers), non-employee Board members and consultants
and other advisors in the service of the Company or any parent or subsidiary
company may, at the discretion of the Plan Administrator, be granted options
to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price not less than 85% of
the fair market value per share on the grant date.
The 1995 Plan is currently administered by the Board. However, the Board may
at any time delegate such administration to the Compensation Committee. The
Plan Administrator (whether the Board or such committee) has complete
discretion to determine which eligible persons are to receive option grants,
the time or times when such grants are to be made, the number of shares
subject to each such grant, the status of an option as either an incentive
stock option or a non-statutory stock option under the federal tax laws, the
vesting or exercise schedule in effect for the option and the maximum term for
which any option will remain outstanding. No option granted
49
under the 1995 Plan may have a term in excess of 10 years and will be subject
to earlier termination following the optionee's cessation of service with the
Company.
Option grants under the 1995 Plan may either become exercisable for the
option shares in a series of installments over the optionee's period of
service with the Company or may be immediately exercisable for all the option
shares, but any shares purchased under such an immediately exercisable option
will be subject to repurchase by the Company, at the option exercise price
paid per share, should the optionee leave the Company's service prior to
vesting in those shares. The Company will also have a right of first refusal
with respect to any proposed sales or transfers of the shares of common stock
issued under the 1995 Plan. Accordingly, the Company will have the opportunity
to match any third-party offer to acquire those shares. However, all first
refusal rights under the 1995 Plan will terminate in the event the Company's
common stock is publicly held.
The option exercise price will normally be payable in cash at the time of
exercise. However, the Plan Administrator may allow the optionee to deliver a
promissory note in payment of the exercise price and any withholding taxes
incurred in connection with the exercise. Any such note will bear interest at
the minimum rate required under the federal tax laws and will be secured by
the purchased shares. Following an initial public offering of the common
stock, the exercise price may be paid in shares of common stock valued at fair
market value or through a cashless exercise procedure pursuant to which the
purchased option shares are sold immediately and a portion of the sale
proceeds equal to the option exercise price for those shares are remitted to
the Company.
Should the Company be acquired by merger or asset sale, all outstanding
options will immediately vest in full, except to the extent those options are
assumed by the successor entity. In the event the price payable per share of
common stock in the acquisition (determined on a fully-diluted basis) is at
least $7.00, the shares subject to the outstanding options under the 1995 Plan
will, whether or not those options are to be assumed by the successor entity,
vest for some option holders immediately upon such acquisition and will vest
for the remaining option holders upon the subsequent termination of their
service with the Company or the successor entity within 18 months following
such acquisition.
As of December 31, 1998, options to purchase up to 2,404,009 shares of
common stock were outstanding under the 1995 Plan, options for 1,468,309
shares had been exercised, net of repurchases, and 2,527,682 shares of common
stock were available for future option grant. To the extent any outstanding
options terminate or expire unexercised, the shares of common stock subject to
those options will be available for subsequent option grants.
The Plan Administrator has the authority to effect the cancellation of
outstanding options under the 1995 Plan in return for the grant of new options
for the same or a different number of option shares with an exercise price per
share based upon the fair market value of the common stock on the new grant
date.
The Board may amend or modify the 1995 Plan at any time. The 1995 Plan will
terminate on April 1, 2005, unless sooner terminated by the Board.
50
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial
ownership of Phase Metrics' common stock as of December 31, 1998, by (1) each
person or group of affiliated persons known by Phase Metrics to own
beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Phase Metrics' common
stock, (2) the Named Executive Officers, (3) each of Phase Metrics' directors,
and (4) all directors and executive officers of Phase Metrics as a group.
Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each of the following stockholders
is 10260 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, California 92121.
Common Series A Series B Series C
Stock(2) Preferred(3) Preferred(4) Preferred(5) Total(6)
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
Beneficial Owner(1) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
DLJ and the Sprout
Entities (7)........... 5,942,720 51.4% 2,000,000 24.2% 3,857,280 100.0% 2,500,000 32.9% 14,300,000 36.1%
Arthur J. Cormier (8)... -- -- 4,500,000 54.5 -- -- -- -- 4,500,000 13.4
John F. Schaefer (9).... 2,750,000 48.9 1,750,000 21.2 -- -- -- -- 4,500,000 13.4
ABS Capital Partners II,
L.P.(10)............... -- -- -- -- 5,000,000 65.7 3,750,000 14.8
Neil A. Brumberger(11).. 450,000 7.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- 450,000 1.2
Wayne G. Erickson(12)... 300,000 5.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- 300,000 *
David L. Bultman(13).... 250,000 4.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- 250,000 *
Dr. Gilbert F.
Amelio(14)............. 100,000 1.7 -- -- -- -- 100,000 1.3 200,000 *
William E. Terry(15).... 100,000 1.7 -- -- -- -- 10,000 * 60,000 *
Albert H.
Munnikhuis(16)......... 90,000 1.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- 30,000 *
Thompson Dean(7)........ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Robert Finzi(7)......... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Andrew T. Sheehan(10)... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
All directors and
executive officers as a
group (12 persons)
(17)................... 4,060,000 63.2 6,250,000 75.8 -- -- 110,000 1.4 10,420,000 30.2
- -------
* Less than one percent.
(1) Except as indicated by footnote, the Company understands that the persons
named in the table above have sole voting and investment power with
respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to
community property laws where applicable.
(2) Reflects the beneficial ownership of the Company's common stock, assuming
the conversion of the Convertible Subordinated Notes and the Bridge Note
Warrants. Shares of common stock subject to options, warrants or notes
which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December
31, 1998, are deemed outstanding for computing the percentages of the
person holding such options, warrants or notes, but are not deemed
outstanding for computing the percentages of any other person. Percentage
ownership is based on 5,622,309 shares of common stock outstanding as of
December 31, 1998.
(3) The number of shares reflects the number of shares of common stock in the
aggregate issuable upon the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock
held by each person. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is
convertible into one share of common stock.
(4) The number of shares reflects the number of shares of common stock in the
aggregate issuable upon the conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock
held by each person. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock is
convertible into one share of common stock.
(5) The number of shares reflects the number of shares of common stock in the
aggregate issuable upon the conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock
held by each person. Each share of Series C Preferred Stock is
convertible into one share of common stock.
(6) Reflects the beneficial ownership of the Company's capital stock,
assuming the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, Series B
Preferred Stock, Convertible Subordinated Notes and the Bridge Note
Warrants. Shares of common stock subject to options, warrants or notes
which are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of
December 31, 1998, are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of
the person holding such options, warrants or notes, but are not deemed
outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person.
51
(7) Consists of shares held directly by DLJ Merchant Banking Partners, L.P.
("DLJMBP"), DLJ International Partners, C.V. ("DLJIP"), DLJ Offshore
Partners, C.V. ("DLJOP"), DLJ Merchant Banking Funding, Inc. ("DLJMBF"),
DLJ Capital Corporation ("DLJCC"), Sprout Growth II, L.P. ("Sprout II"),
and Sprout Capital VI, L.P. ("Sprout VI," collectively, "DLJ and the
Sprout Entities") and PM Funding, Inc. See "Certain Relationships and
Related Transactions." The address of each of DLJMBP, DLJMBF, DLJCC, DLJ
First and PM Funding is 277 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10172. The
address of DLJIP and DLJOP is John B. Gorsiraweg 14, Willemstad, Curacao,
Netherlands Antilles. The address of Sprout II and Sprout VI (the "Sprout
Group") is 3000 Sand Hill Road, Building 3, Suite 170, Menlo Park,
California 94025. Mr. Dean, as a Managing Director of DLJMBP, and Mr.
Finzi, as a General Partner of the Sprout Group, may be deemed to share
voting and investment power over such shares. Messrs. Dean and Finzi
disclaim beneficial interest in such shares, except to the extent of
their respective interests in DLJ and the Sprout Entities. Includes
800,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Bridge
Note Warrants at an exercise price of $1.55 per share held by DLJCC and
PM Funding. Includes an aggregate of 5,142,720 shares of Common Stock
issuable upon the exercise of the Convertible Subordinated Notes.
(8) Includes 130,000 shares held by Mr. Cormier's children and other
relatives for which Mr. Cormier maintains voting control.
(9) Includes 98,700 shares of common stock which are held by Mr. Schaefer's
children and other relatives for which Mr. Schaefer maintains voting
control and 657,500 shares held by Mr. Schaefer's wife as her separate
property.
(10) Mr. Sheehan, as a General Partner of ABS, may be deemed to share voting
and investment power over such shares. Mr. Sheehan disclaims beneficial
interest in such shares, except to the extent of his interests in ABS.
The address of ABS is 101 California Street, 47th Floor, San Francisco,
California 94111.
(11) The Company reached an agreement for the termination of Mr. Brumberger's
full-time employment with the Company, effective July 1998. As of July
1998, Mr. Brumberger had exercised and vested in approximately 60,000
options.
(12) Includes 19,736 shares held in trust for Mr. Erickson's children for
which Mr. Erickson maintains voting control. Includes 45,000 shares that
are subject to a right of repurchase in favor of the Company that lapse
in a series of monthly installments ending in November 1999.
(13) Includes immediately exercisable options to purchase 250,000 shares.
Because of limitations under the federal tax laws for Incentive Stock
Options, only options to purchase 222,888 shares are currently
exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 1998. The
option shares issuable upon exercise of such option are, prior to
vesting, subject to a right of repurchase in favor of the Company that
lapse in a series of monthly installments ending in July 2003.
(14) Includes immediately exercisable options to purchase 100,000 shares. The
option shares issuable upon exercise of such option are, prior to
vesting, subject to a right of repurchase in favor of the Company that
lapse in a series of monthly installments ending in June 2000.
(15) Includes immediately exercisable options to purchase 100,000 shares. The
option shares issuable upon exercise of such option are, prior to
vesting, subject to a right of repurchase in favor of the Company that
lapse in a series of annual and monthly installments ending in July 2003.
(16) Includes immediately exercisable options to purchase 60,000 shares. The
option shares issuable upon exercise of such option are, prior to
vesting, subject to a right of repurchase in favor of the Company that
lapse in a series of annual and monthly installments ending in July 2003.
(17) See Footnotes 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 above. Includes options
exercisable for 800,000 shares of common stock under the 1995 Plan of
which options to purchase 637,403 shares are currently exercisable or
exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 1998, because of limitations
under the Federal tax laws for Incentive Stock Options. Also includes
510,000 shares of common stock of which 82,167 shares are subject to a
right of repurchase in favor of the Company that lapses in a series of
monthly installments ending in August 2002. Excludes shares held by DLJ
and the Sprout Entities and ABS. See Footnotes 7 and 10 above.
52
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Since January 1, 1998, other than as described below or elsewhere in this
Report there has not been any transaction or series of similar transactions to
which Phase Metrics was or is a party in which the amount involved exceeded or
exceeds $60,000 and in which any director, executive officer, holder of more
than 5% of any class of Phase Metrics' voting securities, or any member of the
immediate family of any of the foregoing persons had or will have a direct or
indirect material interest, other than the transactions described below. See
"Executive Compensation -- Compensation Plans and Arrangements -- Employment
Contracts and Change in Control Arrangements" and "-- Limitation of Liability
and Indemnification Matters."
Series C Preferred Stock Financing
In August and September 1998, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of
7,610,000 shares of its Series C Preferred Stock for $4.00 per share to a
group of investors, which included a number of its current
stockholders and two members of the Company's Board of Directors. The Company
received aggregate proceeds of approximately $30.4 million in connection with
the Series C Financing. Immediately following the consummation of the Series C
Financing, the Company used $7.1 million of the net proceeds therefrom to
repay the indebtedness and accrued interest outstanding under the New Credit
Facility.
Securityholders Agreement
The Amended and Restated Securityholders Agreement (the "Securityholders
Agreement") provides that each of Messrs. Schaefer and Cormier, DLJMBP, Sprout
II and ABS, shall be entitled to designate one director to the Company's
Board, and Messrs. Schaefer and Cormier, with the consent of DLJ and the
Sprout Entities, shall have the right to designate the sixth director and DLJ
and the Sprout Entities shall have the right to designate the seventh director
to the Company's Board. The Securityholders Agreement also contains certain
restrictions on the ability of the parties thereto to sell their shares of
stock; registration rights; preemptive rights in connection with the issuance
by the Company of additional equity securities other than upon certain defined
events, including an initial public offering by the Company; certain rights of
first refusal between the stockholders who are party to such agreement
providing each such party the right to purchase any equity securities that any
of the other parties to the agreement desire to sell to third parties and
other matters customary for such agreements. The rights of the parties to the
Securityholders Agreement with respect to certain restrictions on transfer and
the preemptive rights under such Agreement terminate in connection with
certain public offerings of common stock by the Company. Under the
Securityholders Agreement, the Company was obligated until November 23, 1998,
to use DLJ as its exclusive financial advisor and investment banker. In
consideration for DLJ's services, the Company has agreed to pay DLJ an annual
retainer of $200,000. In each of 1996, 1997 and 1998, the Company paid DLJ
$200,000 in fees for financial advisory and certain investment banking
services provided to the Company.
DLJ acted as the initial purchaser in the Original Note Offering and
received an underwriting discount of $3.575 million in connection therewith.
53
PART IV.
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Documents filed as part of this Report:
1. Financial Statements. The following financial statements of Phase Metrics
are included in a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
commencing on the pages referenced below:
Page
Independent Auditors' Report............................................. F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1997 and 1998............. F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1997 and 1998..................................................... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit for the years ended
December 31, 1996,
1997 and 1998........................................................... F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1997 and 1998..................................................... F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................... F-7
2. Financial Statement Schedules. The following financial statement schedule
of Phase Metrics is included in a separate section of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K commencing on the pages referenced below. All other schedules have
been omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the information
is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
Independent Auditors' Report on Schedule II.............................. F-27
Schedule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts........................... F-28
3. Exhibits. The following Exhibits are attached hereto and incorporated
herein by reference:
3.1** Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.
3.2** Bylaws of the Company.
4.1** Purchase Agreement dated as of January 23, 1998 by and among the
Company, Helios, Incorporated, Applied Robotic Technologies, Inc.,
Air Bearings, Incorporated, Santa Barbara Metric, Inc. and Donaldson,
Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corporation.
4.2** Indenture dated as of January 30, 1998 by and among the Company, the
Subsidiary Guarantors and State Street Bank and Trust Company of
California, N.A. as Trustee.
4.3** Form of 10 3/4% Senior Notes Due 2005 dated as of January 30, 1998
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2).
4.4** Registration Rights Agreement dated as of January 30, 1998 by and
among the Company, Helios, Incorporated, Applied Robotics
Technologies, Inc., Air Bearings, Incorporated, Santa Barbara Metric,
Inc. and Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corporation.
10.1** Lease Agreement dated June 5, 1995 by and between the Company and
Security Capital Industrial Trust.
10.2** Sublease Agreement dated April 1, 1997 by and between the Company and
Hitachi America Ltd.
10.3** Master Security Agreement dated as of May 5, 1995 between the Company
and Komag Incorporated, a Delaware corporation.
10.4** Employment Agreement dated November 23, 1994 by and between the
Company and John F. Schaefer.
10.6** Form of Indemnification Agreement.
10.7** 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan.
10.8** Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Option with respect to holders of
stock options granted under the 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance
Plan.
54
10.9** Form of Stock Option Agreement and Addendum generally used in
connection with the 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan.
10.10** Form of Stock Purchase Agreement and Addendum generally used in
connection with the 1995 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan.
10.11** Amended and Restated Securityholders Agreement dated as of August 3,
1998, among DLJ Merchant Banking Partners, L.P., DLJ International
Partners, C.V., DLJ Offshore Partners, C.V., DLJ Merchant Banking
Funding, Inc., DLJ First ESC, L.P., DLJ Capital Corporation, Sprout
Growth II, L.P., Sprout Capital VI, L.P., PM Funding, Inc.,
Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corporation, ABS Capital
Partners II, L.P., Arthur J. Cormier, John F. Schaefer, The
Freedland 1994 Unitrust, The Moraru 1994 Unitrust, The Le 1994
Unitrust, The Najjor Unitrust, Neil H. Brumberger, Hart H.
Brumberger, Roger D. Peters and Mary Anne Christine Peters Living
Trust, Jeffrey K. Rhoton and Yvonne H. Rhoton Living Trust, Raymond
M. Karam, Randall E. Bye, Pedro A. Aylwin, Dr. Gilbert E. Amelio and
the Company.
10.12** Master Capital Lease Agreement dated as of January 13, 1996 by and
between the Company and NTFC Capital Corporation.
10.13** Form of Convertible Subordinated Note Due 2005 dated as of November
23, 1994 including all amendments thereto.
10.14** Inter-Securityholder Agreement dated as of August 3, 1998 among DLJ
Merchant Banking Partners, L.P., DLJ International Partners, C.V.,
DLJ Offshore Partners, C.V., DLJ Merchant Banking Funding, Inc., DLJ
Capital Corporation, DLJ First ESC, L.P., Sprout Growth II, L.P.,
Sprout Capital VI, L.P., ABS Capital Partners II, L.P., Donaldson,
Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corporation, William E. Terry, Dr.
Gilbert F. Amelio and the Company.
10.15** Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 3, 1998 among ABS
Capital Partners II, L.P., DLJ Merchant Banking Partners, L.P., DLJ
International Partners, C.V., DLJ Offshore Partners, C.V., DLJ
Merchant Banking Funding, Inc., DLJ Capital Corporation, Donaldson,
Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corporation, DLJ First ESC, L.P.,
Sprout Growth II, L.P., Sprout Capital VI, L.P., Dr. Gilbert F.
Amelio, William E. Terry and the Company.
10.16* Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of October 16, 1998, as
amended, by and between the Company and Legacy Partners Commercial,
Inc.
10.17* Lease Agreement, dated as of December 16, 1998, by and between the
Company and Legacy Partners Commercial, Inc.
12.1** Statement Regarding Computation of Ratios.
21.1** List of Subsidiaries.
24.1** Powers of Attorney (contained on signature page on page 56).
25.1** Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility and Qualification of State Street
Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A. as Trustee.
27.1 Financial Data Schedule.
- --------
* Incorporated by reference to the exhibits filed with the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on January 13, 1999.
** Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit indicated in the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-48817).
(b) Reports on Form 8-K:
No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the last quarter of the year ended
December 31, 1998.
55
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on
Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of San Diego, State of California, on the 30th day of
March, 1999.
PHASE METRICS
/s/ John F. Schaefer
By: _________________________________
John F. Schaefer
Chairman of the Board,
Chief Executive Officer and President
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, the undersigned hereby constitute and
appoint John F. Schaefer and Brad LaLuzerne, and each of them, his true and
lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, each with full power of substitution and
resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all
capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Report, and to file the
same, with exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with
the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact
and agents, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and
thing requisite or necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to
all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying
and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or his
substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
Report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the
dates indicated:
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
/s/ John F. Schaefer Chairman of the Board, Chief March 30, 1999
____________________________________ Executive Officer and President
John F. Schaefer (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Brad LaLuzerne Vice President, Chief Financial March 30, 1999
____________________________________ Officer and Assistant Secretary
Brad LaLuzerne (Principal Accounting and
Financial Officer)
/s/ Arthur Cormier Director March 30, 1999
____________________________________
Arthur Cormier
/s/ Thompson Dean Director March 30, 1999
____________________________________
Thompson Dean
/s/ Robert Finzi Director March 30, 1999
____________________________________
Robert Finzi
/s/ Dr. Gilbert F. Amelio Director March 30, 1999
____________________________________
Dr. Gilbert F. Amelio
/s/ William E. Terry Director March 30, 1999
____________________________________
William E. Terry
/s/ Andrew T. Sheehan Director March 30, 1999
____________________________________
Andrew T. Sheehan
56
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
Phase Metrics, Inc.:
Independent Auditors' Report............................................. F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1997 and 1998............. F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1997 and 1998..................................................... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit for the years ended
December 31, 1996,
1997 and 1998........................................................... F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1997 and 1998..................................................... F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................... F-7
F-1
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
Phase Metrics, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Phase
Metrics, Inc. and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' deficit and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Phase Metrics, Inc. and its
subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1998 in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
San Jose, California
February 5, 1999
F-2
PHASE METRICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
December 31,
------------------
1997 1998
-------- --------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents............................... $ 2,977 $ 24,714
Accounts receivable, net................................ 28,730 13,577
Inventories............................................. 55,585 25,222
Prepaid expenses and other.............................. 1,975 2,189
Income taxes receivable................................. 5,156 6,062
Deferred tax assets..................................... 8,952 --
-------- --------
Total current assets.................................. 103,375 71,764
Property, plant and equipment, net........................ 38,023 17,793
Intangible assets, net.................................... 4,966 1,782
Deferred tax assets....................................... 5,269 --
Other..................................................... 3,097 4,776
-------- --------
Total assets.............................................. $154,730 $ 96,115
======== ========
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable........................................ $ 10,419 $ 6,682
Accrued expenses and other liabilities.................. 16,058 16,966
Customer deposits....................................... 9,038 859
Current portion of debt................................. 1,785 1,374
-------- --------
Total current liabilities............................. 37,300 25,881
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt.......................................... 111,272 107,257
Convertible subordinated notes.......................... 8,000 8,000
Accrued expenses and interest........................... 6,794 9,591
Series B redeemable preferred stock, $.0001 par value,
3,857,280 shares
authorized, issued and outstanding (liquidation
preference of $10,578 and
$11,328 at December 31, 1997 and 1998, respectively)..... 9,237 11,331
Series C redeemable preferred stock, $.0001 par value,
7,610,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding
(liquidation preference of $38,050)...................... -- 31,212
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 6 and 11)
Stockholders' deficit:
Series A preferred stock, $.0001 par value, 8,250,000
shares authorized, issued and outstanding (liquidation
preference of $9,000).................................. 3 3
Common stock, $.0001 par value, 70,000,000 shares
authorized; 5,627,431 and 5,622,309 shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1997 and 1998,
respectively........................................... 6,090 6,498
Retained deficit........................................ (23,166) (103,298)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss.................... (800) (360)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' deficit........................... (17,873) (97,157)
-------- --------
Total liabilities, redeemable preferred stock and
stockholders' deficit.................................... $154,730 $ 96,115
======== ========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
PHASE METRICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- --------
Net sales....................................... $190,773 $184,660 $104,994
Cost of sales................................... 103,861 101,294 93,168
-------- -------- --------
Gross profit................................ 86,912 83,366 11,826
Operating expenses:
Research and development...................... 31,110 43,572 33,329
Selling, general and administrative........... 24,631 22,968 17,370
Amortization and write-downs of intangibles... 28,656 14,591 3,460
Settlement charge............................. -- -- 5,872
Restructuring charges......................... -- -- 4,184
Purchased in-process research and
development.................................. 13,935 -- --
-------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses.................... 98,332 81,131 64,215
-------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from operations................... (11,420) 2,235 (52,389)
Interest expense................................ 8,448 11,573 14,456
Other (income) expense, net..................... (26) 474 (339)
-------- -------- --------
Loss before income taxes and extraordinary
items.......................................... (19,842) (9,812) (66,506)
Income tax expense (benefit).................... (8,974) (4,268) 9,000
-------- -------- --------
Loss before extraordinary items................. (10,868) (5,544) (75,506)
Extraordinary loss, net of income taxes......... (1,122) -- (1,345)
-------- -------- --------
Net loss........................................ $(11,990) $ (5,544) $(76,851)
======== ======== ========
Accretion for redemption value and dividends on
Series B and C redeemable preferred stock...... $ (3,000) $ (2,923) $ (3,281)
======== ======== ========
Net loss attributable to common stockholders.... $(14,990) $ (8,467) $(80,132)
======== ======== ========
Comprehensive Loss:
Net loss...................................... $(11,990) $ (5,544) $(76,851)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments...... -- (800) 440
-------- -------- --------
Comprehensive loss.............................. $(11,990) $ (6,344) $(76,411)
======== ======== ========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
PHASE METRICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
(Dollars in thousands)
Series A Accumulated
Preferred Stock Common Stock Retained Other
---------------- ----------------- Earnings Comprehensive
Shares Amount Shares Amount (Deficit) Loss Total
--------- ------ --------- ------ --------- ------------- --------
Balance, January 1,
1996................... 8,250,000 $ 3 5,419,600 $3,298 $ 291 $ -- $ 3,592
Issuance of common stock
to effect
acquisitions........... -- -- 254,000 1,905 -- -- 1,905
Exercise of options, net
of repurchases......... -- -- (41,100) 62 -- -- 62
Accrued dividends on
Series B redeemable
preferred stock........ -- -- -- -- (1,500) -- (1,500)
Accretion for redemption
value on Series B
redeemable preferred
stock.................. -- -- -- -- (1,500) -- (1,500)
Compensation expense on
option grants.......... -- -- -- 400 -- 400
Net loss................ -- -- -- -- (11,990) -- (11,990)
--------- --- --------- ------ --------- ----- --------
Balance, December 31,
1996................... 8,250,000 3 5,632,500 5,665 (14,699) -- (9,031)
Exercise of options, net
of repurchases......... -- -- (5,069) 25 -- -- 25
Accrued dividends on
Series B redeemable
preferred stock........ -- -- -- -- (1,423) -- (1,423)
Accretion for redemption
value on Series B
redeemable preferred
stock.................. -- -- -- -- (1,500) -- (1,500)
Compensation expense on
option grants.......... -- -- -- 400 -- 400
Net loss................ -- -- -- -- (5,544) -- (5,544)
Accumulated translation
adjustments............ -- -- -- -- -- (800) (800)
--------- --- --------- ------ --------- ----- --------
Balance, December 31,
1997................... 8,250,000 3 5,627,431 6,090 (23,166) (800) (17,873)
Exercise of options, net
of repurchases......... -- -- (5,122) 8 -- -- 8
Accrued dividends on
Series B redeemable
preferred stock........ -- -- -- -- (750) -- (750)
Accretion for redemption
value on Series B
redeemable preferred
stock.................. -- -- -- -- (1,337) -- (1,337)
Accretion for dividends
and redemption value on
Series C redeemable
preferred stock........ -- -- -- -- (1,194) -- (1,194)
Compensation expense on
option grants.......... -- -- -- 400 -- 400
Net loss................ -- -- -- -- (76,851) (76,851)
Accumulated translation
adjustments............ -- -- -- -- -- 440 440
--------- --- --------- ------ --------- ----- --------
Balance, December 31,
1998................... 8,250,000 $ 3 5,622,309 $6,498 $(103,298) $(360) $(97,157)
========= === ========= ====== ========= ===== ========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
PHASE METRICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- --------
Operating activities:
Net loss....................................... $(11,990) $ (5,544) $(76,851)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
used for operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization and writedowns
of intangibles.............................. 32,953 21,872 12,056
Amortization of deferred financing costs..... 644 540 776
Loss on disposal of property, plant and
equipment................................... -- 714 163
Compensation expense on option grants........ 400 400 400
Deferred income taxes........................ (16,333) (1,353) 14,221
Interest on convertible subordinated notes... 2,000 1,894 1,000
Impairment of property, plant and equipment.. -- -- 2,519
Purchased in-process research and
development................................. 13,935 -- --
Extraordinary loss net of income taxes....... 1,122 -- 1,345
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable........................ 2,442 (3,688) 15,153
Inventories................................ (20,019) (4,508) 29,897
Prepaid expenses and other assets.......... (5,796) 3,732 (3,681)
Income taxes receivable.................... (5,000) (156) (168)
Accounts payable........................... (5,189) (7,769) (3,737)
Customer deposits, accrued expenses and
other liabilities......................... (10,571) (12,526) (5,055)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash used for operating activities... (21,402) (6,392) (11,962)
-------- -------- --------
Investing activities:
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment... (24,564) (17,091) (1,492)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and
equipment..................................... 4,431 -- 11,926
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired of $1,595... (20,752) -- --
Other.......................................... -- (78) (278)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used for) investing
activities.............................. (40,885) (17,169) 10,156
-------- -------- --------
Financing activities:
Proceeds from term notes....................... 145,000 -- --
Proceeds from senior notes..................... -- -- 110,000
Repayment of term and subordinated notes....... (80,446) (1,800) (79,200)
Revolving loans--net........................... (300) 26,900 (30,700)
Payment of debt issuance costs................. (3,872) (330) (5,560)
Payments on capital lease obligations.......... (436) (912) (1,090)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of
repurchases................................... 62 25 8
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock...... -- -- 30,020
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by financing
activities.............................. 60,008 23,883 23,478
-------- -------- --------
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents..................................... -- (82) 65
-------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents..................................... (2,279) 240 21,737
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period... 5,016 2,737 2,977
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period......... $ 2,737 $ 2,977 $ 24,714
======== ======== ========
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid.................................. $ 5,277 $ 9,393 $ 7,760
======== ======== ========
Income taxes paid (net refunds)................ $ 21,857 $ (5,357) $ (5,103)
======== ======== ========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
1. The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations--Phase Metrics, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries
(the "Company") design, manufacture and sell process and production test
equipment for the data storage industry. The consolidated financial statements
include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All
significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in
consolidation.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Consolidated Financial
Statements--The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions. Assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities are affected by such
estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents--The Company invests its excess cash in money
market accounts, commercial paper and highly liquid government securities. The
Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original
maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments--As of December 31, 1997 and 1998, the
carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and borrowings outstanding under
the Company's credit agreements approximated their respective fair values.
Estimation of the fair value of the Senior notes and convertible subordinated
notes is not deemed practicable as there is no public market for these notes
and the Company is unable to determine the market interest rate at which
financing would have been available at December 31, 1998.
Concentrations of Credit Risk--Financial instruments that potentially
subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash
equivalents and accounts receivable.
The Company sells its products without collateral primarily to companies
located in the western United States and Asia. Historically, a significant
portion of the Company's sales in any particular period have been attributable
to sales to a limited number of customers. Credit is extended based on an
evaluation of the customer's financial condition. The Company estimates its
potential losses on trade receivables on an ongoing basis and provides for
anticipated losses in the period in which the sales are recognized.
Inventories--Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-
out) or market.
Property, Plant and Equipment--Property, plant and equipment are recorded at
cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line
method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Buildings and
improvements were depreciated over 39 years and equipment and furniture are
generally depreciated over three to five years. Amortization of leasehold
improvements is provided using the straight-line method over the lesser of the
remaining lease term or the life of the assets. Depreciation and amortization
expense related to property, plant and equipment totaled $4.3 million, $7.3
million, and $8.6 million for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and
1998, respectively.
Intangible Assets--Intangible assets consist primarily of purchased
technology and covenants not to compete recorded in connection with the
Company's acquisitions. Purchased technology was amortized using the straight-
line method over its expected useful life, generally three years. Covenants
not to compete are amortized using the straight-line method over the terms of
the agreements of five to seven years.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets--The recoverability of long-lived assets is
evaluated by an analysis of operating results and consideration of other
significant events or changes in the underlying assets and business
environment. If the Company identifies events or circumstances which indicate
that an impairment might exist,
F-7
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
the Company determines whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted future
cash flows attributable to the assets in question is less than their carrying
amounts. If impairment exists, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based
on the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their fair values
determined by the estimated discounted future cash flows.
In 1996, the Company recorded write-downs totaling $11.9 million related to
impairment losses primarily for Cambrian Systems, Inc. ("Cambrian") and
Applied Robotic Technologies, Inc. ("ART") purchased technology. In 1997, the
Company recorded a write-down totaling $2.0 million related to an impairment
loss for Air Bearings, Inc. ("ABI") purchased technology. In 1998, the Company
recorded write-downs totaling $2.5 million related to impairment losses for
property, plant and equipment obsoleted due to restructuring activities.
Stock-Based Compensation--As permitted by SFAS 123, "Accounting for Stock-
Based Compensation," the Company has elected to account for stock-based awards
to employees using the intrinsic value method, in accordance with Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees"
and related Interpretations in accounting for its stock-based awards to
employees.
Foreign Currency Translation--The financial statements of the Company's
subsidiaries outside the United States are measured using the local currency
as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are
translated at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. The resulting
translation adjustments are presented as a separate component of stockholders'
deficit.
Revenue and Related Cost Recognition--Sales are generally recognized upon
shipment. A provision for estimated warranty and installation costs is
recorded upon product shipment.
Research and Development--Research and development costs are expensed as
incurred. The Company's products include certain software applications that
are integral to the operation of the product. The costs to develop such
software have not been capitalized as the Company believes its current
software development process is essentially completed concurrent with the
establishment of technological feasibility of the software.
Comprehensive Income--As of January 1, 1998, the Company adopted SFAS No.
130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," which requires an enterprise to report,
by major components and as a single total, the change in its net assets during
the period from non-owner sources. Accumulated translation adjustments of
$(0.8) million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998
respectively, are the only other comprehensive income component for the
Company and have been reported as other comprehensive income in the
accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Segment Reporting--As of January 1, 1998, the Company adopted SFAS No. 131,
"Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information." The
Company operates in one reportable segment. The adoption of SFAS No. 131 has
no impact on the earnings or statement of financial position of the Company.
(See Note 13)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements--In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No.
133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS No.
133 requires that all derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet
at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded
each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on
whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and, if it
is, the type of hedge transaction. The Company is required to adopt SFAS No.
133 for its fiscal year ending December 31, 1999. The Company has not yet
determined the impact, if any, that adoption of SFAS No. 133 will have on its
earnings or statement of financial position.
F-8
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Stock Split--Concurrent with the sale of the Series C Preferred, the Company
implemented a twenty-for-one stock split with respect to the Series A and
Series B Preferred Stock, with corresponding adjustments to related common
stock conversion factors and per share liquidation preferences, redemption
prices and dividend rates. Related share information has been restated
accordingly herein.
Reclassifications--Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to
conform with the current year presentation.
2. Balance Sheet Details
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
----------------
1997 1998
------- -------
Trade receivables........................................ $30,393 $15,938
Allowance for doubtful accounts.......................... (1,663) (2,361)
------- -------
$28,730 $13,577
======= =======
Inventories
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
---------------
1997 1998
------- -------
Raw materials and components.............................. $30,915 $ 7,277
Work-in-process........................................... 9,796 8,237
Finished goods............................................ 14,874 9,708
------- -------
$55,585 $25,222
======= =======
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
------------------
1997 1998
-------- --------
Land................................................... $ 2,400 $ --
Buildings and improvements............................. 9,147 --
Equipment and furniture................................ 30,944 32,753
Leasehold improvements................................. 5,514 5,500
Construction in progress............................... 1,098 171
-------- --------
49,103 38,424
Accumulated depreciation and amortization.............. (11,080) (20,631)
-------- --------
$ 38,023 $ 17,793
======== ========
F-9
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
----------------
1997 1998
-------- ------
Purchased technology..................................... $ 17,598 $ --
Covenants not to compete................................. 2,175 2,175
Patents.................................................. 131 409
-------- ------
19,904 2,584
Accumulated amortization and write-downs................. (14,938) (802)
-------- ------
$ 4,966 $1,782
======== ======
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following (in
thousands):
December 31,
---------------
1997 1998
------- -------
Accrued warranty.......................................... $ 5,461 $ 3,625
Accrued compensation...................................... 6,271 2,173
Accrued interest on senior notes.......................... -- 5,012
Other..................................................... 4,326 6,156
------- -------
$16,058 $16,966
======= =======
Accrued Expenses and Interest
Accrued expenses and interest consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
-------------
1997 1998
------ ------
Accrued interest on convertible subordinated notes.......... $6,102 $7,102
Other accrued expenses...................................... 692 2,489
------ ------
$6,794 $9,591
====== ======
3. Acquisitions
In January 1996, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of ABI
and in December 1996, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of
Santa Barbara Metric ("SBM") and a portion of the business of Kirell
Development, Inc. ("KDI"). The acquired companies provided process and
production test equipment for the data storage industry. The acquisitions have
been accounted for in accordance with the purchase method of accounting and
the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the purchase price
allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their fair
values as of the acquisition date. The Company's results of operations include
those of the acquired companies from their respective dates of acquisition.
In connection with the Company's acquisitions of ABI, SBM and a portion of
the business of KDI in 1996, the Company acquired certain in-process research
and development projects that had not reached technological feasibility and
had no alternative future uses. Accordingly, $13.4 million of purchased in-
process research and development was expensed in 1996.
F-10
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The fair value of significant assets acquired, liabilities assumed and
purchased in-process research and development is summarized as follows (in
millions):
1996
------------
KDI &
ABI SBM
----- -----
Current assets............................................... $ 4.5 $ 0.5
Property and other assets.................................... 0.7 --
Covenant not to compete...................................... -- 1.8
Purchased technology and goodwill............................ 4.9 --
Liabilities.................................................. (0.1) (1.4)
Purchased in-process research and development................ 11.0 2.4
----- -----
Total purchase price......................................... $21.0 $ 3.3
===== =====
The following summarizes the cash and noncash components of the Company's
acquisitions (in millions):
1996
-----
Total purchase price............................................ $24.3
Common stock issued............................................. (1.9)
Cash acquired................................................... (1.6)
-----
Cash used for acquisitions...................................... $20.8
=====
The following unaudited information presents the pro forma results of
operations of the Company, after giving effect to certain adjustments
including amortization of intangible assets acquired, as if each acquisition
had taken place on January 1, 1996. These pro forma results have been prepared
for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of what
would have occurred had the acquisitions been made on such date, nor are they
necessarily indicative of future results to be expected (in thousands):
Proforma
Year Ended
December 31,
1996
------------
Net sales..................................................... $190,773
========
Income before extraordinary item.............................. $ 1,320
========
Net income.................................................... $ 198
========
F-11
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
4. Debt
Debt Summary--Debt is summarized as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
------------------
1997 1998
-------- --------
Senior notes........................................... $ -- $105,487
Credit agreements...................................... 109,900 --
Convertible subordinated notes......................... 8,000 8,000
Capital lease obligations with weighted average annual
interest rates of 9%.................................. 3,157 3,144
-------- --------
Total.................................................. 121,057 116,631
Less current portion................................... (1,785) (1,374)
-------- --------
Long-term debt......................................... $119,272 $115,257
======== ========
Senior Notes--In January 1998, the Company sold $110.0 million of its 10.75%
Senior Notes due January 2005 (the "Notes"), in a private offering. The Notes
bear interest at 10.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears in February
and August. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company, and are
redeemable at the option of the Company, in whole or in part, at any time on
or after February 1, 2002, in cash at redemption prices as defined. In
addition, at any time prior to February 1, 2001, the Company may redeem up to
33% of the Notes at a redemption price as defined, with the net proceeds of a
public equity offering, as defined. Issuance costs of the Notes offering
totaled $5.1 million, including $3.6 million of underwriting discount paid to
an affiliate of a number of major stockholders of the Company.
The Notes contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, including
limitations on other indebtedness, liens, investments and guarantees,
restricted payments, mergers and acquisitions, sales of assets, capital
expenditures, leases and affiliate transactions.
Effective in October 1998, the Company completed offers to exchange all of
the Notes with new notes with substantially identical terms that are
registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The Company is accreting the carrying value of the senior notes payable to
their redemption value.
Credit Agreements--At December 31, 1997, the Company had a $120.0 million
credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with a group of financial
institutions (the "Lenders") which provided for five-year term loans (the
"Term Loans") in the principal amount of $80.0 million and a three-year
revolving credit facility (the "Revolver") of up to $40.0 million. In
connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company paid fees of $1.2 million,
for debt issuance costs to the syndication agent, who was an affiliate of a
number of the major stockholders of the Company.
Concurrently with closing the sale of the Notes, the Company entered into a
$25 million revolving credit facility with a group of banks (the "New Credit
Facility").
The Company used the net proceeds of the Notes of $104.9 million, together
with existing cash and an initial draw of $1.6 million under the New Credit
Facility to repay in full its then existing credit agreements and accrued
interest, as well as to pay fees of $0.3 million for the New Credit Facility.
In connection with the January 1998 repayment of its then existing credit
agreements and accrued interest, the related unamortized debt issuance costs
were written off. This write-off, net of related tax benefit of $0.7 million,
has been reported as an extraordinary loss in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations.
F-12
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
In August 1998, with the proceeds from the sale of its Series C Preferred
Stock (see Note 9), the Company repaid in full the New Credit Facility and
accrued interest, totaling $7.1 million, and terminated the New Credit
Facility. In connection with this repayment, in the third quarter of 1998 the
Company recorded a $0.4 million write-off of the related unamortized debt
issuance costs as an extraordinary loss in the accompanying consolidated
statements of operations.
In connection with the refinancing of certain credit facilities in January
and December 1996, the related unamortized debt issuance costs were written
off. These write-offs, net of related tax benefit, have been reported as
extraordinary items in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
In connection with the December 1996 refinancing, the Company paid fees of
$1.2 million to an affiliate of a number of major stockholders of the Company.
The Company also paid this same entity $200,000 in fees for financial advisory
services in each of 1996, 1997 and 1998.
Convertible Subordinated Notes--In November 1994, the Company issued and
sold $8.0 million principal amount of its convertible subordinated notes (the
"Convertible Subordinated Notes") to certain stockholders.
The Convertible Subordinated Notes mature in July 2005. Interest accrued at
$2 million per year from issuance through November 23, 1997, and thereafter at
a minimum of $1 million per year. The Convertible Subordinated Notes bore
interest at 12.5% as of December 31, 1998. Interest is payable at maturity.
The convertible subordinated notes, including accrued interest are: (i)
convertible into 5,142,720 shares of Common Stock at the option of the holder,
(ii) automatically converted into Common Stock upon effectiveness of a public
equity offering as defined, and (iii) entitled to anti-dilution rights.
5. Income Taxes
The components of income tax expense (benefit) are summarized as follows (in
thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
--------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- ------- -------
Current income taxes:
Federal...................................... $ 6,330 $(2,915) $(5,960)
State........................................ 590 -- --
-------- ------- -------
Total...................................... 6,920 (2,915) (5,960)
Deferred income taxes:
Federal...................................... (13,610) 386 17,782
State........................................ (3,211) (1,739) (3,561)
-------- ------- -------
Total...................................... (16,821) (1,353) 14,221
Income tax (benefit) expense before
extraordinary items........................... (9,901) (4,268) 8,261
Extraordinary items............................ 927 -- 739
-------- ------- -------
Income tax expense (benefit)................... $ (8,974) $(4,268) $ 9,000
======== ======= =======
F-13
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
The reconciliations between the statutory federal income tax rate and the
effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- --------
Statutory tax rate--expense (benefit)... (35.0)% (34.0)% (34.0)%
Federal research and development
credits................................ (4.0) (8.2) (1.7)
State income taxes, net of federal
benefit................................ (6.6) (4.2) (3.3)
Foreign sales corporation, net of tax... (2.4) -- --
Purchased in-process research and
development............................ 1.8 -- --
Compensation on option grants........... 0.6 1.4 0.2
Valuation allowance..................... -- -- 50.7
Other................................... 0.4 1.5 0.6
-------- -------- --------
Effective tax rate--expense (benefit)... (45.2)% (43.5)% 12.5 %
======== ======== ========
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities used for financial
reporting and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The items comprising
the Company's deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
-----------------
1997 1998
------- --------
Reserves not currently deductible..................... $ 5,492 $ 7,252
Customer deposits..................................... 1,469 539
Uniform capitalization adjustment..................... 707 282
State taxes........................................... (1,345) (2,635)
Purchased technology.................................. 6,540 6,228
Property and equipment................................ -- 2,218
Tax loss and credit carryforwards (expiring through
2018)................................................ 803 18,261
Other................................................. 555 1,419
Valuation Allowance................................... -- (33,564)
------- --------
Total................................................. $14,221 $ --
======= ========
At December 31, 1998, the Company had available federal and California state
net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $36.4 million in the
aggregate, to offset future taxable income through 2013 and 2003,
respectively. Current tax laws impose substantial restrictions on the
utilization of net operating loss and credit carryforwards in the event of an
"ownership change," as defined by the Internal Revenue Code. If there should
be an ownership change, the Company's ability to utilize its carryforwards
could be limited.
In 1998, the Company recorded a $33.6 million valuation allowance against
its entire net deferred tax asset balance due to uncertainty regarding
realization of the deferred tax asset, due to the significant loss incurred in
1998 and uncertainty regarding future taxable income.
6. Leases
Sale/Leaseback--In December 1998, the Company disposed of the real property,
improvements, fixtures and office buildings (collectively, the "Property")
located at its San Diego facility for net proceeds of $11.9 million. The
purchaser of the Property included an entity which is affiliated with a number
of the Company's major stockholders. The property was listed and sold through
a national real estate broker and the
F-14
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
Company believes the purchase price represented fair value for the property.
In connection with the sale of the Property, the Company entered into a lease
with the purchaser to leaseback a portion of the Property. The resulting gain
of $0.9 million from the sale of the Property has been deferred in the
accompanying financial statements, and will be amortized to income over the
three year term of the lease.
Capital Leases--The Company entered into capital lease obligations of $1.8
million, $0.8 million, and $1.1 million in connection with lease agreements
for equipment and furniture during the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and
1998, respectively. At December 31, 1997 and 1998, assets under capital leases
included in property, plant and equipment totaled $4.4 million and $3.2
million, respectively, with accumulated amortization of $1.3 million in each
year.
Operating Leases--The Company leases certain of its facilities and certain
equipment under operating leases that expire at various dates through 2003.
Certain facility leases include provisions for inflation escalation
adjustments, as well as one to five year renewal options. Rent expense under
operating leases totaled $3.4 million, $5.1 million and $4.8 million for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
Future minimum lease payments under capital and operating leases as of
December 31, 1998 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
Capital Operating
Year Ending December 31: Leases Leases
------------------------ ------- ---------
1999.................................................... $ 1,595 $3,157
2000.................................................... 1,453 2,846
2001.................................................... 352 1,676
2002.................................................... 81 869
2003.................................................... -- 607
------- ------
Total................................................... 3,481 $9,155
======
Amount representing interest............................ (337)
-------
Present value of minimum lease payments................. 3,144
Current portion......................................... (1,374)
-------
Long-term portion....................................... $ 1,770
=======
7. Settlement Charge
In April 1998, the Company entered into an agreement (the "Settlement
Agreement") to reimburse a major customer for costs incurred in connection
with the customer's cancellation of a contract with a third party to purchase
upgrades to certain production test equipment originally purchased from the
Company. The Company took this action to protect its intellectual property and
preserve a valued customer relationship. The Company concluded that this
action was necessary in order to discourage further unauthorized use of its
intellectual property in the future by this or other third parties. The
Company recorded a $5.9 million charge to earnings in the second quarter of
1998 in connection with the Settlement Agreement. The Company is making the
reimbursement provided for under the Settlement Agreement by providing a
credit to the customer for products purchased by the customer. Products
purchased under the Settlement Agreement are at favorable pricing which
negatively impacted the Company's gross profit margin in 1998. Such negative
impact is expected to continue in 1999.
F-15
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
8. Restructuring and Valuation Charges
In 1998, the data storage industry in general, including many of the
Company's customers, experienced significant weakness in demand for data
storage products, intense competition, pricing erosion and overcapacity in
manufacturing operations. Such adverse market conditions resulted in the
rescheduling or cancellation of orders by several of the Company's major
customers and had a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results
of operations and financial condition. In light of these circumstances, and
the Company's expectation that the impact on its operations of the data
storage industry's adverse market conditions will extend for the foreseeable
future, the Company implemented a plan of restructuring in June 1998, (the
"June Restructuring"). The June Restructuring included a workforce reduction
of approximately 115 employees, relocation and consolidation of much of its
Concord, California operation to the Company's Fremont, California facility,
and consolidation of its San Diego, California facility.
In the second quarter of 1998, the Company recorded a charge of $3.0 million
related to the June Restructuring. The significant components of the
restructuring charge were $0.9 million for employee severance costs, $2.0
million in impairment costs related to property, plant and equipment obsoleted
due to restructuring activities, and $0.1 million of other costs.
Due to the continued downturn in the data storage industry, the Company
implemented a plan of restructuring in November 1998 (the "November
Restructuring"). The November Restructuring included a workforce reduction of
approximately 60 employees, and a consolidation of facilities at the Company's
Fremont, California location.
In the fourth quarter of 1998, the Company recorded a charge of $1.1 million
related to the November Restructuring. The significant components of the
restructuring charge were $0.3 million for employee severance costs and $0.6
million in impairment costs related to property, plant and equipment obsoleted
due to restructuring activities, and $0.2 million of other costs.
Also, in connection with the industry downturn and resultant decrease in
demand for the Company's products, in 1998 the Company recorded $19.8 million
in charges to cost of sales to write-off excess and obsolete inventory.
As of December 31, 1998, $1.1 million had been paid and $0.4 million was
recorded as an accrued liability for remaining severance and other costs
related to the June and November restructurings. Relocation of the Concord
operation, and consolidation of facilities at the Fremont and San Diego
locations were complete as of December 31, 1998.
9. Redeemable Preferred Stock
The Series B redeemable preferred stock ("Series B Preferred Stock") is: (i)
voting, (ii) convertible at the option of the holder into Common Stock on a
one-for-one basis, (iii) entitled to $1.56 per share preference to Common
Stockholders in the event of liquidation, after payment of dividends, (iv)
entitled to cumulative dividends at a minimum rate of $1.5 million per year
through November, 1997 and thereafter at a minimum rate of $0.8 million per
year, (v) automatically converted into Common Stock on a one-for-one basis
upon the effectiveness of a public equity offering as defined, (vi) entitled
to antidilution rights, (vii) to have approval rights on new issuances of
Preferred Stock and (viii) redeemable at $1.56 per share beginning July 2005,
subject to funds legally available, after payment of dividends.
The $6.0 million redemption value was accreted to retained earnings over the
original redemption period which ended November 23, 1998.
F-16
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
In August and September 1998, the Company sold 7,610,000 shares of Series C
redeemable preferred stock (the "Series C Preferred Stock") for $4 per share.
The proceeds of approximately $30.4 million were used to repay in full the
Company's then existing revolving line of credit and accrued interest totaling
$7.1 million, with the remainder for general operating purposes.
The Series C Preferred Stock is: (i) voting, (ii) convertible at the option
of the holder into Common Stock on a one-for-one basis, (iii) entitled to $5
per share preference to the holders of Common Stock, Series A Preferred Stock,
Series B Preferred Stock and the Convertible Subordinated Notes in the event
of liquidation, after payment of dividends, (iv) entitled to cumulative
dividends at a minimum rate of $3.8 million per year beginning August 2000,
(v) automatically converted into Common Stock on a one-for-one basis upon the
effectiveness of a public equity offering as defined, (vi) entitled to
antidilution rights, (vii) to have approval rights on new issuances of
Preferred Stock and (viii) redeemable at $5 per share beginning July 2005,
after payment of dividends.
The dividends and the excess of redemption price over sales price are being
accreted to retained earnings using the effective interest method over the
redemption period ending July 2005.
10. Stockholders' Deficit
Series A Preferred Stock--Series A Preferred Stock is: (i) voting, (ii)
convertible at the option of the holder into Common Stock on a one-for-one
basis, (iii) entitled to $1.09 per share preference to Common Stockholders in
the event of liquidation, after payment to Series B and C Preferred
Stockholders, (iv) entitled to dividends to the same extent as Common
Stockholders, (v) automatically converted into Common Stock on a one-for-one
basis upon the effectiveness of a public equity offering as defined and
(vi) entitled to anti-dilution rights.
Common Shares Reserved--As of December 31, 1998, the Company has reserved
the following number of shares of Common Stock for future issuance:
Conversion of Series A, B and C Preferred Stock................. 19,717,280
Conversion of subordinated notes................................ 5,142,720
Exercise and issuance of stock options.......................... 4,931,691
Exercise of warrants............................................ 800,000
----------
Total........................................................... 30,591,691
==========
Registration Rights--Series A, B and C Preferred Stockholders, Convertible
Subordinated Noteholders and the holders of the Common Stock warrants
(collectively "Securityholders") have been granted certain registration
rights. Such rights may be invoked by request of the holders of at least 25%
of such securities then outstanding or to be issued upon conversion of the
Series A, B or C Preferred Stock. The Securityholders have been granted a
right of first refusal to purchase any capital stock offered for sale as
defined.
Warrants--In connection with the issuance and repayment of certain debt, the
Company has outstanding warrants to acquire 800,000 shares of Common Stock at
$1.55 per share. The warrants expire on November 23, 2004.
Stock Option Plan--Under the 1995 Stock Option Plan (the "Plan"), 6,400,000
shares of Common Stock are reserved for issuance upon exercise of options
granted by the Company. Under the Plan, incentive and non-qualified stock
options may be granted to employees, officers, directors and consultants to
purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock. The exercise price for an
incentive stock option and a nonqualified stock option cannot be less than
100% and 85%, respectively, of the fair market value of the Company's Common
Stock on the grant date as determined by the Board of Directors. Options vest
over three or five years. Options are
F-17
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
immediately exercisable and underlying shares are subject to the Company's
repurchase rights, which lapse over the original vesting period of the options
exercised. Options expire as determined by the Board of Directors, but not
more than 10 years after the grant date. In addition, the Company has
outstanding options to purchase an additional 100,000 shares of Common Stock
granted outside of the Plan. At December 31, 1998, 2,527,682 shares were
available for future option grants.
A summary of stock option transactions is as follows:
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Number of Per
Shares Share
---------- --------
Balance at January 1, 1996............................ 824,000 $1.66
Granted............................................... 1,108,000 7.50
Exercised............................................. (35,216) 2.88
Canceled.............................................. (179,983) 3.35
----------
Balance at December 31, 1996.......................... 1,716,801 5.22
Granted............................................... 1,093,500 8.36
Exercised............................................. (52,498) 1.69
Canceled.............................................. (469,619) 6.72
----------
Balance at December 31, 1997.......................... 2,288,184 6.49
Granted............................................... 1,181,200 4.22
Exercised............................................. (32,365) 1.01
Canceled.............................................. (1,033,010) 7.07
----------
Balance at December 31, 1998.......................... 2,404,009 $5.20
==========
Vested at December 31, 1996........................... 202,600 $1.58
==========
Vested at December 31, 1997........................... 495,833 $4.32
==========
Vested at December 31, 1998........................... 656,319 $5.02
==========
Subject to repurchase at December 31, 1996............ 817,679 $0.58
==========
Subject to repurchase at December 31, 1997............ 493,063 $0.55
==========
Subject to repurchase at December 31, 1998............ 221,752 $0.56
==========
The Company recognized compensation expense of $0.4 million during each of
the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 for the amortization of the
excess of the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on the grant
date over the exercise price of certain stock options granted in 1995. The
remaining unamortized compensation expense related to such options is $0.7
million at December 31, 1998, which will be recognized ratably over the
remaining vesting period.
The pro forma information required by SFAS 123 and presented below has been
determined as if the Company had accounted for its employee stock awards under
the Plan using the minimum value method of that statement. The fair value for
these awards was estimated at the date of grant using the minimum value
pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for December 31,
1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively: weighted average risk-free interest rates
of 5.84%, 6.04% and 5.26%; no dividend yield; and a weighted average expected
life of 3.5, 3.5 and 3.2 years. In management's opinion, the existing models
do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its
employee stock awards.
F-18
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the
awards is amortized to expense over the options' vesting period. The Company's
pro forma information follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
------------------------
1996 1997 1998
------- ------ -------
Pro forma net loss.................................. $12,487 $5,976 $76,742
======= ====== =======
The following table summarizes information as of December 31, 1998
concerning options outstanding:
Weighted Average Shares
Exercise Options Remaining Subject to
Prices Outstanding Contractual Life Vested Repurchase
-------- ----------- ---------------- ------- ----------
(years)
$0.37 100,500 6.33 78,733 197,252
1.00 234,867 6.57 161,750 20,450
3.75 943,200 9.68 533 --
5.00 87,600 6.85 60,917 --
5.50 32,000 9.31 -- --
7.50 577,908 7.67 240,948 4,050
8.75 427,934 8.61 113,438 --
--------- ------- -------
2,404,009 656,319 221,752
========= ======= =======
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the years ended
December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 was $1.33, $1.53 and $0.64, respectively.
11. Commitments and Contingencies
Acquisition-Related Agreements--Concurrent with certain of its acquisitions,
the Company entered into earn-out agreements based on units produced or sold.
At December 31, 1998, future potential combined maximum earn-out payments in
connection with such acquisitions are not expected to be material. During the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, $3.8 million, $2.0 million and
$1.1 million, respectively, of earn-outs have been paid and charged to
operations.
Letter of Credit--As of December 31, 1998, the Company had a letter of
credit outstanding to a third party beneficiary in the amount of $2.1 million.
The letter of credit is secured by a $2.1 million certificate of deposit which
is included in non-current assets on the accompanying balance sheet.
Legal Matters--The Company is also subject to various other legal matters in
the normal course of its business. While the results of litigation and claims
cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes that the final
outcome of these other matters will not have a material adverse effect on its
business, operating results or financial condition.
12. Employee Savings Plan
Under the Company's 401(k) plan (the "Plan"), eligible employees may defer
up to 15% of their pretax earnings, subject to the Internal Revenue Service
annual contribution limit. Company matching contributions to the Plan were
$0.4 million for 1996 and $0.6 million for each of 1997 and 1998.
F-19
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
13. Industry and Geographic Information
The Company operates in one reportable segment. Sales to customers outside
the United States (primarily Asia) totaled 57%, 49%, and 49% of net sales for
the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. As of December
31, 1997 and 1998, balances due from foreign customers (primarily located in
Asia) were $12.0 million and $4.0 million, respectively.
The Company had sales to individual customers in excess of 10% of net sales,
as follows:
1996 1997 1998
Customer: ---- ---- ----
A........................................................... 19% 18% 17%
B........................................................... -- -- 17%
C........................................................... -- 17% 16%
D........................................................... 15% 16% --
E........................................................... 12% -- --
As of December 31, 1997 and 1998, accounts receivable from individual
customers with balances due in excess of 10% of total accounts receivable
totaled $17.6 million and $12.3 million, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 1998, the Company recorded revenue from
customers throughout the United States and Japan, Korea and Singapore
(collectively referred to as "Asia"). The following presents net sales for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 and long-lived assets as of
December 31, 1997 and 1998 by geographic territory:
1996 1997 1998
-------- ------------------- -------------------
Net Net Long-Lived Net Long-Lived
Sales Sales Assets Sales Assets
-------- -------- ---------- -------- ----------
United States--Domestic.... $ 82,032 $ 94,177 $50,552 $ 53,547 $23,589
--Foreign..... 108,238 87,594 -- 39,758 --
Japan...................... 500 985 212 8,850 195
Singapore and other Asia... 3 1,904 591 2,839 567
-------- -------- ------- -------- -------
Total...................... $190,773 $184,660 $51,355 $104,994 $24,351
======== ======== ======= ======== =======
14. Financial Information for Guarantor Subsidiaries and Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries.
The Company conducts substantially all of its business through the parent
company and its domestic and foreign subsidiaries. In January 1998, the
Company issued the Notes (see Note 4). The Notes are fully and unconditionally
guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by all of the Company's wholly-owned
domestic subsidiaries (the "Guarantor Subsidiaries").
Presented below is condensed consolidating financial information for Phase
Metrics, Inc. (the "Parent Company"), the Guarantor Subsidiaries and the
wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries (the "Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries") for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998. The condensed consolidating
financial information has been presented to show the nature of assets held,
results of operations and cash flows of the Parent Company, Guarantor
Subsidiaries and Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries assuming the expected guarantee
structure of the Senior Notes was in effect at the beginning of the periods
presented. Separate financial statements for the Guarantor Subsidiaries are
not presented based on management's determination that they would not provide
additional information that is material to investors.
The supplemental condensed consolidating financial information reflects the
investments of the Parent Company in the Guarantor and Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries using the equity method of accounting.
F-20
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31, 1996
Foreign
Parent Guarantor Non-Guarantor Eliminating
Company Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Entries Consolidated
-------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ------------
(in thousands)
Net sales............... $162,442 $37,654 $4,384 $(13,707) $190,773
Cost of sales........... 95,285 18,217 2,521 (12,162) 103,861
-------- ------- ------ -------- --------
Gross profit........... 67,157 19,437 1,863 (1,545) 86,912
Research and development
expense................ 29,397 1,539 174 -- 31,110
Selling, general and
administrative
expense................ 19,267 4,449 1,391 (476) 24,631
Amortization and write-
downs of intangibles... 28,656 -- -- -- 28,656
Purchased in-process
research and
development expense.... 13,935 -- -- -- 13,935
-------- ------- ------ -------- --------
Income (loss) from
operations ........... (24,098) 13,449 298 (1,069) (11,420)
Interest expense........ 8,408 38 2 -- 8,448
Other (income) expense--
net.................... (22) (5) 1 -- (26)
-------- ------- ------ -------- --------
Income (loss) before
equity in
subsidiaries, taxes
and extraordinary
items................. (32,484) 13,416 295 (1,069) (19,842)
Equity in net income of
subsidiaries........... 6,219 -- -- (6,219) --
Income tax expense
(benefit).............. (15,397) 6,305 118 -- (8,974)
-------- ------- ------ -------- --------
Net income (loss)
before extraordinary
items................. (10,868) 7,111 177 (7,288) (10,868)
Extraordinary loss, net
of income taxes........ 1,122 -- -- -- 1,122
-------- ------- ------ -------- --------
Net income (loss)....... $(11,990) $ 7,111 $ 177 $ (7,288) $(11,990)
======== ======= ====== ======== ========
F-21
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 1996
Foreign
Parent Guarantor Non-Guarantor Eliminating
Company Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Entries Consolidated
-------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ------------
(in thousands)
Net income (loss)....... $(11,990) $ 7,111 $ 177 $(7,288) $(11,990)
Depreciation and
amortization and
write-downs of
intangibles........... 32,511 347 95 -- 32,953
Equity in net income of
subsidiaries.......... (6,219) -- -- 6,219 --
Other non-cash
adjustments........... 3,044 -- -- -- 3,044
Purchased in-process
research and
development........... 13,935 -- -- -- 13,935
Extraordinary items.... 1,122 -- -- -- 1,122
Changes in working
capital............... (60,782) 1,521 (2,274) 1,069 (60,466)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net cash provided by
(used for) operating
activities.......... (28,379) 8,979 (2,002) -- (21,402)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Investing activities:
Acquisition of
property, plant and
equipment............. (23,519) (627) (418) -- (24,564)
Acquisitions, net of
cash acquired of
$1,597................ (20,752) -- -- -- (20,752)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net cash used for
investing
activities.......... (44,271) (627) (418) -- (45,316)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Financing activities:
Revolving loans--net... (300) -- -- -- (300)
Proceeds from term
notes................. 145,000 -- -- -- 145,000
Repayment of term and
subordinated notes.... (80,429) (17) -- -- (80,446)
Intercompany balances
and other............. 4,478 (7,213) 2,920 -- 185
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net cash provided by
(used for) financing
activities.......... 68,749 (7,230) 2,920 -- 64,439
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net increase (decrease)
in cash and cash
equivalents............ (3,901) 1,122 500 -- (2,279)
Cash and cash
equivalents, beginning
of period.............. 5,016 -- -- -- 5,016
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Cash and cash
equivalents, end of
period................. $ 1,115 $ 1,122 $ 500 $ -- $ 2,737
======== ======= ======= ======= ========
F-22
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 1997
ASSETS
Foreign
Parent Guarantor Non-Guarantor Eliminating
Company Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Entries Consolidated
-------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ------------
(in thousands)
Accounts receivable--
net.................... $ 27,693 $ 470 $ 567 $ -- $ 28,730
Inventories............. 48,255 5,624 5,844 (4,138) 55,585
Other current assets.... 17,672 786 602 -- 19,060
Property, plant and
equipment, net......... 35,510 2,194 319 -- 38,023
Intercompany balances... (4,308) 11,589 (7,281) -- --
Investment in
subsidiaries........... 13,247 -- -- (13,247) --
Other .................. 12,800 48 484 -- 13,332
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Total assets.......... $150,869 $20,711 $ 535 $(17,385) $154,730
======== ======= ======= ======== ========
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Other current
liabilities............ $ 32,241 $ 3,079 $ 195 $ -- $ 35,515
Current portion of
debt................... 1,785 -- -- -- 1,785
Long-term debt.......... 119,272 -- -- -- 119,272
Redeemable preferred
stock.................. 9,237 -- -- -- 9,237
Other................... 6,207 -- 587 -- 6,794
Stockholders' equity
(deficit).............. (17,873) 17,632 (247) (17,385) (17,873)
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Total liabilities,
redeemable preferred
stock and
stockholders' equity
(deficit)............ $150,869 $20,711 $ 535 $(17,385) $154,730
======== ======= ======= ======== ========
SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
Year Ended December 31, 1997
Foreign
Parent Guarantor Non-Guarantor Eliminating
Company Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Entries Consolidated
-------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ------------
(in thousands)
Net sales............... $165,724 $38,995 $12,631 $(32,690) $184,660
Cost of sales........... 102,461 16,098 11,069 (28,334) 101,294
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Gross profit........... 63,263 22,897 1,562 (4,356) 83,366
Research and development
expense................ 40,412 3,004 156 -- 43,572
Selling, general and
administrative
expense................ 18,559 3,556 2,140 (1,287) 22,968
Amortization and write-
downs of intangibles... 14,591 -- -- -- 14,591
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from
operations............ (10,299) 16,337 (734) (3,069) 2,235
Interest expense........ 11,566 -- 7 -- 11,573
Other (income) expense--
net.................... 278 (53) 249 -- 474
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before
equity in subsidiaries
and taxes............. (22,143) 16,390 (990) (3,069) (9,812)
Equity in net income of
subsidiaries........... 5,631 -- -- (5,631) --
Income tax expense
(benefit).............. (10,968) 7,130 (430) -- (4,268)
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)....... $ (5,544) $ 9,260 $ (560) $ (8,700) $ (5,544)
======== ======= ======= ======== ========
F-23
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended December 31, 1997
Foreign
Parent Guarantor Non-Guarantor Eliminating
Company Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Entries Consolidated
-------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ------------
Net income (loss)...... $ (5,544) $ 9,260 $ (560) $(8,700) $ (5,544)
Depreciation and
amortization and
write-downs of
intangibles.......... 21,119 487 266 -- 21,872
Equity in net income
of subsidiaries...... (5,631) -- -- 5,631 --
Other non-cash
adjustments.......... 3,548 -- -- -- 3,548
Changes in working
capital.............. (21,090) (4,154) (4,093) 3,069 (26,268)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net cash provided by
(used for) operating
activities.......... (7,598) 5,593 (4,387) -- (6,392)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Investing activities:
Acquisition of
property, plant and
equipment............ (15,442) (1,404) (245) -- (17,091)
Other................. (78) -- -- -- (78)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net cash used for
investing
activities.......... (15,520) (1,404) (245) -- (17,169)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Financing activities:
Revolving loans--net.. 26,900 -- -- -- 26,900
Repayment of term and
subordinated notes... (1,776) -- (24) -- (1,800)
Other................. (1,364) (4,531) 4,678 -- (1,217)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net cash provided by
(used for) financing
activities.......... 23,760 (4,531) 4,654 -- 23,883
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Effect of exchange rate
changes on cash and
cash equivalents...... -- -- (82) -- (82)
Net increase (decrease)
in cash and cash
equivalents........... 642 (342) (60) -- 240
Cash and cash
equivalents, beginning
of period............. 1,115 1,122 500 -- 2,737
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Cash and cash
equivalents, end of
period................ $ 1,757 $ 780 $ 440 $ -- $ 2,977
======== ======= ======= ======= ========
F-24
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 1998
ASSETS
Foreign
Parent Guarantor Non-Guarantor Eliminating
Company Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Entries Consolidated
-------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ------------
(in thousands)
Cash and cash
equivalents............ $ 23,631 $ 13 $ 1,070 $ -- $ 24,714
Accounts receivable,
net.................... 11,001 315 2,261 -- 13,577
Inventories............. 23,346 614 5,110 (3,848) 25,222
Other current assets.... 8,084 5 162 -- 8,251
Property, plant and
equipment, net......... 16,814 701 278 -- 17,793
Intercompany balances... (809) 9,375 (8,566) -- --
Investment in
subsidiaries........... 6,655 -- -- (6,655) --
Other................... 6,073 1 484 -- 6,558
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Total assets.......... $ 94,795 $11,024 $ 799 $(10,503) $ 96,115
======== ======= ======= ======== ========
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Other current
liabilities............ $ 23,768 $ 264 $ 475 $ -- $ 24,507
Current portion of
debt................... 1,374 -- -- -- 1,374
Long-term debt.......... 115,257 -- -- -- 115,257
Redeemable preferred
stock.................. 42,543 -- -- -- 42,543
Other................... 9,010 -- 581 -- 9,591
Stockholders' equity
(deficit).............. (97,157) 10,760 (257) (10,503) (97,157)
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Total liabilities,
redeemable preferred
stock and
stockholders' equity
(deficit)............ $ 94,795 $11,024 $ 799 $(10,503) $ 96,115
======== ======= ======= ======== ========
SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
Year ended December 31, 1998
Foreign
Parent Guarantor Non-Guarantor Eliminating
Company Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Entries Consolidated
-------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ------------
(in thousands)
Net sales............... $ 97,969 $ 9,769 $15,086 $(17,830) $104,994
Cost of sales........... 95,224 2,494 13,532 (18,082) 93,168
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Gross profit........... 2,745 7,275 1,554 252 11,826
Research and development
expense................ 33,318 11 -- -- 33,329
Selling, general and
administrative
expense................ 14,106 1,528 1,774 (38) 17,370
Amortization and write-
downs of intangibles... 3,460 -- -- -- 3,460
Settlement charge....... 5,872 -- -- -- 5,872
Restructuring charges... 4,184 -- -- -- 4,184
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from
operations............. (58,195) 5,736 (220) 290 (52,389)
Interest expense........ 14,438 (4) 22 -- 14,456
Other (income) expense--
net.................... (109) -- (230) -- (339)
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before
equity in subsidiaries
and taxes.............. (72,524) 5,740 (12) 290 (66,506)
Equity in net income of
subsidiaries........... 5,245 -- -- (5,245) --
Income tax expense
(benefit).............. 8,227 775 (2) -- 9,000
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Net income (loss) before
extraordinary items.... (75,506) 4,965 (10) (4,955) (75,506)
Extraordinary items, net
of income taxes........ (1,345) -- -- -- (1,345)
-------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)....... $(76,851) $ 4,965 $ (10) $ (4,955) $(76,851)
======== ======= ======= ======== ========
F-25
PHASE METRICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended December 31, 1998
Foreign
Parent Guarantor Non-Guarantor Eliminating
Company Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Entries Consolidated
-------- ------------ ------------- ----------- ------------
(in thousands)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)....... $(76,851) $ 4,965 $ (10) $(4,955) $(76,851)
Depreciation and
amortization and
write-downs of
intangibles........... 11,741 215 100 -- 12,056
Equity in net income of
subsidiaries.......... (5,245) -- -- 5,245 --
Other non-cash
adjustments........... 4,858 -- -- -- 4,858
Extraordinary Item..... 1,345 -- -- -- 1,345
Changes in working
capital............... 55,786 (8,157) (709) (290) 46,630
-------- ------- ------ ------- --------
Net cash used for
operating activities... (8,366) (2,977) (619) -- (11,962)
-------- ------- ------ ------- --------
Investing activities:
Acquisition of
property, plant and
equipment............. (1,387) (4) (101) -- (1,492)
Proceeds from sale of
property, plant and
equipment............. 11,926 -- -- -- 11,926
Other.................. (278) -- -- -- (278)
-------- ------- ------ ------- --------
Net cash provided by
(used for) investing
activities............. 10,261 (4) (101) -- 10,156
-------- ------- ------ ------- --------
Financing activities:
Proceeds from senior
notes................. 110,000 -- -- -- 110,000
Repayment of term and
subordinated notes.... (79,200) -- -- -- (79,200)
Revolving loans--net... (30,700) -- -- -- (30,700)
Payment of debt
issuance costs........ (5,560) -- -- -- (5,560)
Proceeds from issuance
of preferred stock.... 30,020 -- -- -- 30,020
Other.................. (4,581) 2,214 1,285 -- (1,082)
-------- ------- ------ ------- --------
Net cash provided by
financing activities... 19,979 2,214 1,285 -- 23,478
-------- ------- ------ ------- --------
Effect of exchange rate
on cash and cash
equivalents............ -- -- 65 -- 65
Net increase (decrease)
in cash and cash
equivalents............ 21,874 (767) 630 -- 21,737
Cash and cash
equivalents at
beginning of year...... 1,757 780 440 -- 2,977
-------- ------- ------ ------- --------
Cash and cash
equivalents at end of
year................... $ 23,631 $ 13 $1,070 $ -- $ 24,714
======== ======= ====== ======= ========
F-26
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT ON SCHEDULE
Phase Metrics, Inc.:
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Phase Metrics, Inc.
and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 1998, and have issued our report
thereon dated February 5, 1999; such financial statements and report have been
included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our audits also included the
consolidated financial statement schedule of Phase Metrics, Inc. and its
subsidiaries, listed in Item 14(a)2. This financial statement schedule is the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, such financial statement
schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial
statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the
information set forth therein.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
San Jose, California
February 5, 1999
F-27
SCHEDULE II
PHASE METRICS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
Additions
-------------------
Balance at Charges to Charges Balance
beginning costs and to other at end
Description of period expenses accounts Deductions of period
----------- ---------- ---------- -------- ---------- ---------
Year ended December 31,
1996
Allowance for doubtful
accounts................. $ 590 $ 247 $-- $ 91 $ 746
Year ended December 31,
1997
Allowance for doubtful
accounts................. 746 1,405 -- 488 1,663
Year ended December 31,
1998
Allowance for doubtful
accounts................. 1,663 787 -- 89 2,361
F-28