As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 1998 Registration No. 333- ================================================================================ SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 --------------- FORM S-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 --------------- ALLAIRE CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 7372 41-1830792 (State or other jurisdiction (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer of incorporation or organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number) One Alewife Center Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 (617) 761-2000 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices) --------------- David J. Orfao President and Chief Executive Officer Allaire Corporation One Alewife Center Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 (617) 761-2000 (Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) --------------- Copies to: Robert L. Birnbaum, Esq. William J. Schnoor, Jr., Esq. William R. Kolb, Esq. Testa, Hurwitz & Thibeault, LLP Foley, Hoag & Eliot LLP 125 High Street One Post Office Square Boston, Massachusetts 02110 Boston, Massachusetts 02109 (617) 248-7000 (617) 832-1000 --------------- Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective. If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. [ ] If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]__________ If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]___________ If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]___________ If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. [ ] --------------- CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposed Title of Each Class of Securities Maximum Aggregate Amount of to be Registered Offering Price(1)(2)(3) Registration Fee - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Common Stock, $.01 par value $35,420,000 $10,448.90 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) In accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, the number of shares of Common Stock being registered and the proposed maximum offering price per share are not included in this table. (2) Includes shares which the Underwriters have the option to purchase solely to cover over-allotments, if any. See "Underwriting." (3) Estimated solely for the purpose of computing the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933. --------------- The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine. ================================================================================ SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 14, 1998 Shares [Logo] Common Stock ($.01 par value) ------------ All of the shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value per share ("Common Stock"), of Allaire Corporation ("Allaire" or the "Company") offered hereby (the "Offering") are being offered by the Company. Prior to the Offering, there has been no public market for the Common Stock. It is anticipated that the initial public offering price will be between $ and $ per share. For information relating to the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price to the public, see "Underwriting." Application has been made to list the Common Stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market's National Market under the symbol "ALLR." For a discussion of certain factors that should be considered in connection with an investment in the Common Stock, see "Risk Factors" on page 5 herein. THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE. Underwriting Price to Discounts and Proceeds to Public Commissions Company(1) ---------- --------------- ------------ Per Share ......... $ $ $ Total (2) ......... $ $ $ (1) Before deduction of expenses payable by the Company estimated at $1,000,000. (2) The Company has granted the Underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this Prospectus, to purchase a maximum of additional shares of Common Stock to cover over-allotments of shares. If the option is exercised in full, the total Price to Public will be $ , Underwriting Discounts and Commissions will be $ , and Proceeds to Company will be $ . The shares of Common Stock are offered by the several Underwriters when, as and if issued by the Company, delivered to and accepted by the Underwriters and subject to their right to reject orders in whole or in part. It is expected that the shares of Common Stock will be ready for delivery on or about , 1998, against payment in immediately available funds. Credit Suisse First Boston Dain Rauscher Wessels a division of Dain Rauscher Incorporated NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC Prospectus dated , 1998. Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement becomes effective. This prospectus shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any State in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such State. [Stylized depiction of ColdFusion Server architecture] "Cold Fusion" is a federally registered trademark of the Company. The Company has applied for federal registration of the trademark "HomeSite." "Allaire" and the Allaire logo are trademarks of the Company. Other trademarks or service marks appearing in this Prospectus are the property of their respective holders. CERTAIN PERSONS PARTICIPATING IN THE OFFERING MAY ENGAGE IN TRANSACTIONS THAT STABILIZE, MAINTAIN OR OTHERWISE AFFECT THE PRICE OF THE COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING OVER-ALLOTMENT, STABILIZING TRANSACTIONS, SYNDICATE SHORT COVERING TRANSACTIONS AND PENALTY BIDS. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THESE ACTIVITIES, SEE "UNDERWRITING." 2 PROSPECTUS SUMMARY The following summary should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, the more detailed information and the Company's Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus. Except as set forth in the financial statements or as otherwise specified herein, all information in this Prospectus (i) assumes no exercise of the Underwriters' over-allotment option and (ii) reflects the mandatory conversion into Common Stock of all outstanding shares of the Company's Preferred Stock upon the closing of the Offering. See "Underwriting" and "Description of Capital Stock." The Company Allaire develops, markets and supports application development and server software for a wide range of Web development, from building static Web pages to developing enterprise-scale, interactive Web applications. The Company's products and services enable professional Web developers to build high-volume, transaction-oriented Web sites and Web applications for electronic commerce, business information systems, content publishing and multi-user collaboration. The Company specifically designs its products to integrate key emerging Web client and Web server software platforms, technologies and protocols and to interoperate with key enterprise and client-server technologies. The Company's flagship ColdFusion product line employs a comprehensive, easy to learn, tag-based markup language that allows professional Web developers to quickly and efficiently create Web applications. More than 20,000 ColdFusion application server licenses and more than 80,000 licenses for the Company's HomeSite Hypertext Markup Language ("HTML") design tool have been sold to date. International Data Corporation ("IDC") estimates that Web page design and Web application development tools will account for $548 million in license and associated services revenue in 1998 and will grow to more than $1.5 billion in license and associated services revenue by 2002. The Company believes that most existing Web-enabled rapid application development tools fail to address the unique requirements and challenges faced by Web application developers. Most Web developers are proficient with HTML and many are familiar with eXtensible Markup Language ("XML"), core technologies that are specifically designed for the Web platform. The ease of using markup languages such as HTML and XML, which use declarative, English-like tags, has enabled a large number of non- traditional programmers to develop complex Web sites and Web applications. The Company designed its ColdFusion Markup Language ("CFML") to use the same easy to learn tag and attribute syntax as HTML and XML. When used in conjunction with HTML and XML, CFML provides developers with a complete Web application programming environment without requiring them to change programming syntax. By using CFML, Web developers avoid having to code simultaneously in scripting languages and in tag-based markup languages. In addition, because CFML includes high-level building blocks that encapsulate complex programming interfaces, developers are able to integrate a variety of enterprise technologies, such as databases, directories, messaging servers, transaction monitors and object middleware. The Company's customers include autobytel.com inc. ("autobytel.com"), the Boeing Company ("Boeing"), Booz, Allen & Hamilton Inc. ("Booz, Allen"), Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation, Hewlett-Packard Company ("Hewlett-Packard"), Intel Corp. ("Intel"), Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), JC Penney Company, Inc. ("JC Penney"), Lockheed Martin Corporation ("Lockheed Martin"), Lucent Technologies Inc. ("Lucent"), MCI Communications Corp. ("MCI"), Microsoft Corporation ("Microsoft"), SBC Communications Inc. (Pacific Bell & Southwestern Bell) ("SBC Communications") and United Parcel Service of America, Inc. ("UPS"). The Company was incorporated in Minnesota on February 1, 1996 as the successor to a Minnesota limited liability company and was reincorporated in Delaware on April 25, 1997. The Company's principal executive offices are located at One Alewife Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, and its telephone number at that location is (617) 761-2000. 3 The Offering Common Stock offered .................................. shares Common Stock to be outstanding after the Offering(1) .. shares Use of Proceeds ....................................... For general corporate purposes, including working capital. See "Use of Proceeds." Nasdaq National Market symbol ......................... ALLR - ------------ (1) Based on the number of shares outstanding as of June 30, 1998. Excludes: (i) 1,530,697 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding as of June 30, 1998 at a weighted average exercise price of $.90 per share, and 111,500 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance as of June 30, 1998 under the Company's 1997 Stock Incentive Plan and (ii) 50,297 shares of Common Stock issuable under exercise of warrants outstanding at June 30, 1998 at a weighted average exercise price of $2.44. In addition, in August 1998 the Board of Directors approved the 1998 Stock Incentive Plan, pursuant to which 1,900,000 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance, and approved the 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, pursuant to which 300,000 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance. See "Capitalization," "Management-Benefit Plans," "Description of Capital Stock" and Notes 6, 7 and 8 of Notes to Financial Statements. Summary Financial Data (In thousands, except per share data) Period from Year Ended Six Months Ended Inception December 31, June 30, (May 5, 1995) through ----------------------- ------------------------ December 31, 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 ------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- (unaudited) Statement of Operations Data: Total revenue .............................................. $ -- $ 2,358 $ 7,650 $ 2,591 $ 8,631 Total cost of revenue ...................................... -- 234 2,414 792 2,430 Gross profit ............................................... -- 2,124 5,236 1,799 6,201 Total operating expenses ................................... 188 3,836 12,848 3,999 10,881 Loss from operations ....................................... (188) (1,712) (7,612) (2,200) (4,680) Net loss ................................................... (188) (1,698) (7,425) (2,169) (4,615) Basic and diluted net loss per share ....................... $ (0.09) $ (0.97) $ (4.40) $ (1.50) $ (1.73) Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share ........................................... 2,200 1,743 1,687 1,443 2,670 Unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share(1) ............................................ $ (1.27) $ (0.64) Shares used in computing unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share (1) ................ 5,865 7,224 June 30, 1998 ------------------------------ December 31, ------------------------- Pro Forma 1996 1997 Actual As Adjusted (2) ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------------- (unaudited) Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents ............................ $ 526 $ 5,521 $ 3,974 $ Working capital (deficit) ............................ 224 1,492 (2,220) Total assets ......................................... 2,038 9,697 9,189 Total long-term debt, net of current portion ......... -- 499 1,399 1,399 Total redeemable convertible preferred stock ......... 2,800 12,673 12,673 -- Total stockholders' equity (deficit) ................. (1,768) (9,153) (13,042) - ------------ (1) For an explanation of unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share and the weighted average shares used in computing unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share, see Note 2 of Notes to Financial Statements. (2) Pro forma to give effect to the conversion of all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. As adjusted to give effect to the sale by the Company of shares of Common Stock offered hereby at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. 4 RISK FACTORS An investment in the shares of Common Stock offered hereby involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information contained in this Prospectus, the following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating the Company and its business before purchasing any of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby. Certain of the statements contained in this section and elsewhere in this Prospectus that are not purely historical, such as statements regarding the Company's expectations, beliefs, intentions, plans and strategies regarding the future, are forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below, as well as those discussed in the sections entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Business," and elsewhere in this Prospectus. All forward-looking statements are based on information available to the Company on the date hereof and the Company assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement. The cautionary statements made in this Prospectus should be read as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Prospectus. Risks Associated with Limited Operating History; History of Losses and Uncertain Future Profitability The Company commenced operations in May 1995, and recorded its first revenue upon delivery of ColdFusion 1.5 to its customers in February 1996. Accordingly, the Company has only a limited operating history on which to base an evaluation of its business and prospects. The Company's prospects must be considered in light of the risks and uncertainties encountered by companies in an early stage of development in new and rapidly evolving markets. To address these risks, the Company must, among other things, develop new products and technologies more rapidly than its competitors; attract, integrate, motivate and retain qualified personnel; successfully implement its distribution strategy; continue to build its financial and operational infrastructure; and develop and maintain awareness of its brands. There can be no assurance that the Company will succeed in addressing any or all of these risks, and the failure to do so would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the Company has experienced substantial net losses in each fiscal period since its inception and, as of June 30, 1998, had an accumulated deficit of $14.1 million. Such net losses and accumulated deficit resulted from the Company's lack of substantial revenue and the significant costs incurred in the development of the Company's products and in the preliminary establishment of the Company's infrastructure. The Company expects to increase its expenditures in all areas in order to execute its business plan, particularly in research and development and sales and marketing. Although the Company has experienced revenue growth in recent periods, there can be no assurance that such growth rates are sustainable and, therefore, they should not be considered indicative of future operating results. There can also be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to increase its revenue or attain profitability or, if increases in revenue and profitability are achieved, that they can be sustained. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Significant Fluctuations in Quarterly Operating Results The Company's operating results have varied on a quarterly basis during its short operating history and are expected to fluctuate significantly in the future. A variety of factors, many of which are outside the Company's control, may affect the Company's quarterly operating results. These factors include, among others, the following: the evolution of the market for Web development products; market acceptance of the Company's products; the Company's success and timing in developing and introducing new products and enhancements to existing products; market acceptance of products developed by competitors; changes in pricing policies by the Company or its competitors; an increase in the length of the Company's sales cycle; changes in customer buying patterns; customer order deferrals in anticipation of new products or enhancements by the Company or competitors; market entry by new competitors; development and performance of the Company's distribution channels; general economic conditions and economic conditions specific to Internet-related industries. Any one of these factors could cause the Company's revenue and operating results to vary significantly in the future. In addition, the Company will need to continue to build its infrastructure, expand its operations and attract, integrate, retain and motivate a substantial number of new personnel. The timing of such expansion and the rate at which new personnel become productive could cause material fluctuations in the Company's quarterly results of operations. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." 5 The Company's limited operating history and the undeveloped nature of the market for Web development products make predicting future revenue difficult. The Company's expense levels are based, in part, on its expectations regarding future revenue increases, and to a large extent such expenses are fixed, particularly in the short term. There can be no assurance that the Company's expectations regarding future revenue are accurate. Moreover, the Company may be unable to adjust spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected revenue shortfall. Accordingly, any significant shortfall of revenue in relation to the Company's expectations would likely cause significant declines in the Company's quarterly operating results. Due to the foregoing factors, the Company's operating results are difficult to forecast. The Company believes that period-to-period comparisons of its historical operating results are not meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Also, the Company's operating results may fall below the expectations of the Company, securities analysts or investors in some future quarter. In such event, the market price of the Company's Common Stock would likely be materially adversely affected. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Early Stage of Market and Platform Development; Dependence on the Internet The Company's products and services aid professional Web developers in building high volume, transaction-oriented Web sites and Web applications for electronic commerce, business information systems, content publishing and multi-user collaboration over the Internet, private networks, and private networks extended over the Internet. Web technology has been used widely as a computing platform for only a short time, and the market for Web development products is new and rapidly evolving. As is typical for new and rapidly evolving industries, demand for and market acceptance of recently introduced products are highly uncertain. Revenue from sales of the Company's existing and anticipated products will depend upon the adoption of Web technology as a widely used technology for commerce and business applications. In addition, the Internet infrastructure supports a significant portion of public and private computing networks. The Internet has experienced, and is expected to continue to experience, significant user and traffic growth, which has, at times, caused user frustration with slow access and download times. There can be no assurance that the Internet infrastructure will be able to support the demands placed on it by continued growth. Moreover, critical issues concerning the commercial use of the Internet (including security, reliability, cost, accessibility and quality of service) remain unresolved and may negatively affect the growth of Internet use or the attractiveness of commerce and business communication on the Internet. In addition, the Internet could lose its viability due to delays in the development or adoption of new standards and protocols to handle increased activity or due to increased government regulation and taxation of Internet commerce. If, for the foregoing reasons or others, Web technology and the Internet do not become viable and substantial commercial technologies, the Company's business, operating results and financial condition will be materially adversely affected. See "Business--Industry Background." Relationship with Microsoft Microsoft currently competes with the Company in the market for Web development products. Although it competes with Microsoft, the Company believes that it must continue to maintain a working relationship with Microsoft in order to achieve success. The Company utilizes certain visual editing technology in its products that it licenses from Microsoft. In addition, most of the Company's customers use Microsoft-based operating platforms, and, accordingly, it is critical to the Company's success that its products continue to support and be closely integrated with key Microsoft technologies and products. The Company believes that Microsoft's commitment to and presence in the Web development products market will dramatically increase competitive pressure in the market, leading to, among other things, increased pricing pressure and longer sales cycles. Such pressures may result in price reductions in the Company's products and may also materially reduce the Company's market share. The Company believes that Microsoft will continue to incorporate Web application server technology into its operating system software and certain of its server software offerings, possibly at no additional cost to its users. Notwithstanding the Company's historical and current support of the Microsoft platform, Microsoft may in the future promote technologies and standards more directly competitive with or not compatible with the Company's technology. Microsoft has a longer operating history, a larger installed base of customers and dramatically greater financial, distribution, marketing and technical resources than the Company. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete effectively with Microsoft now or in the future, or that the Company's business, operating results and financial condition will not be materially adversely affected by any of the foregoing factors. See "--Dependence on Third Party Technology" and "Business--Competition." 6 Competition The Web development products market is intensely competitive, subject to rapid change and significantly affected by new product introductions and other activities of market participants. In addition to Microsoft, primary competitors include other large Web and database platform companies that offer a variety of software products, such as International Business Machines Corporation ("IBM"), Netscape Communications Corporation, Sun Microsystems, Inc. ("Sun"), Oracle Corporation ("Oracle"), Sybase, Inc. ("Sybase"), Symantec Corporation, Informix Software and Inprise Corporation (formerly Borland International, Inc.). In addition, the Company experiences competition from a number of medium-sized and start-up companies that have introduced or that are developing Web development products, such as NetDynamics, Inc., which has agreed to be acquired by Sun, Vignette Corp., HAHT Software, Inc., GoLive Systems Inc., Broadvision, Inc. and SilverStream Software, Inc. In addition, the Company has strategic relationships with Macromedia Corporation ("Macromedia") and NetObjects, Inc., a majority-owned subsidiary of IBM ("NetObjects"). In some cases, these Web development products vendors compete with the Company, and there can be no assurance that these strategic relationships will continue. The Company believes that additional competitors may enter the market with competing products as the size and visibility of the market opportunity increases. Increased competition could result in pricing pressures, reduced margins or the failure of the Company's products to achieve or maintain market acceptance, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. Many of the Company's current and potential competitors have longer operating histories and substantially greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than the Company and therefore may be able to respond more quickly than the Company to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements. Many of these competitors also have broader and more established distribution channels that may be used to deliver competing products directly to customers through bundling or other means. If such competitors were to bundle competing Web development products with other products, the demand for the Company's products might be substantially reduced and the ability of the Company to distribute its products successfully would be substantially diminished. New technologies and the expansion of existing technologies will likely increase the competitive pressures on the Company. There can be no assurance that competing technologies developed by market participants or the emergence of new industry standards will not adversely affect the Company's competitive position or render its products or technologies noncompetitive or obsolete. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, there can be no assurance that the Company will compete effectively with current or future competitors or that competitive pressures faced by the Company will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Competition." Need to Expand Sales Force and Channels In order to increase market penetration of its products, the Company will need to increase the size of its sales force and the number of its channel partners, including original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), value-added resellers ("VARs") and systems integrators. There is intense competition for sales personnel in the areas of the Company's activities, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in attracting, integrating, motivating and retaining new sales personnel. Moreover, even if the Company is able to recruit sufficient numbers of sales persons, there will be a delay between the time persons are hired and the time they become effective and fully productive, if at all, as they become familiar with the Company's products, customers and markets. This is particularly true as the Company targets larger accounts. Likewise, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to attract additional channel partners that will be able to market the Company's products effectively or that the Company's channel partners will not devote greater resources to marketing and supporting the products of other companies. In addition, the Company will need to manage effectively potential conflicts among its sales force and channel partners. Any of the foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "--Dependence on Distribution," "Business--Allaire Strategy," "--Sales, Marketing and Distribution" and "--Competition." Dependence on Distribution Revenue from the Company's indirect distribution channel accounted for approximately 39% of the Company's total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 1998. In certain geographic areas, the Company's revenue is generated almost entirely through distributors. Revenue from sales through a limited number of distributors has constituted and is expected to continue to constitute a substantial portion of the Company's total revenue. Revenue from sales through the Company's top distributor, Ingram Micro, Inc. ("Ingram"), accounted for approximately 22% of the Company's total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 1998. The loss of, or 7 reduction in, orders from Ingram or any other significant distributor could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the Company's revenue per unit from distributors is generally less than per unit revenue from licenses to end users. Because the Company does not deal directly with end users when selling through distribution, it is dependent upon the ability of its distributors to accurately forecast demand and maintain appropriate levels of inventory. The Company is obligated to accept the return of products purchased in some cases where the distributors may have purchased excess product. With larger distributors, the Company bears an increased concentration of credit risk. Many of the Company's international distributors are smaller, newer companies that have longer payment cycles than larger, more established distributors. Any of the foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Allaire Strategy," "--Sales, Marketing and Distribution" and "--Customers." Lengthening Sales Cycle As the Company increases its sales and marketing focus on larger purchases by larger accounts, the purchase of the Company's products in significant quantities by customers may require significant, executive-level involvement of information technology officers and other senior managers of prospective customers. Such transactions may be delayed because the Company must provide a significant level of education to prospective customers regarding the use and benefits of the Company's products. Accordingly, the sales cycle associated with larger purchases of the Company's products may take place over an extended period, and is subject to delays over which the Company may have little or no control, including customers' budgeting constraints, internal purchase approval review procedures and the inclusion of the Company's products on customers' approved standards list. In addition, as the average deal size of sales of the Company's products increases, the Company expects the sales cycle to lengthen as a result of a more time-consuming decision process that may be required by potential customers. The delay in sales of the Company's products could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition, and could cause the Company's operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter. See "--Significant Fluctuations in Quarterly Operating Results," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Business--Allaire Strategy" and "--Sales, Marketing and Distribution." Risks Associated with International Operations Revenue from customers outside of North America accounted for approximately 14% of the Company's total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 1998. Expansion into international markets has required and will continue to require significant management attention and resources and may require the Company to develop localized versions of its products for a particular market and to enter into international distribution and operating relationships. To date, the Company has been heavily dependent on distributors to market, sell and support its products internationally. The Company has limited experience in localizing its products and in developing international distribution or operating relationships. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in expanding its product offerings into international markets. In addition to the uncertainty regarding the Company's ability to generate revenue from foreign operations and expand its international presence, there are certain risks inherent in international business, including, among others, regulatory requirements, legal uncertainties regarding liability, export and import restrictions, tariffs and other trade barriers, difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, longer payment cycles, problems in collecting accounts receivable, political instability, language barriers, seasonal reductions in business activity and potentially adverse tax consequences, any of which could adversely affect the success of the Company's international operations. All of the Company's international revenue currently is denominated in U.S. dollars. To the extent future revenue of the Company is denominated in foreign currencies, the Company would become subject to increased risks relating to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. In instances where payment is made in U.S. dollars, the Company may be asked to increase discounts in weak local economies in order to maintain the viability of its distributors' businesses. There can be no assurance that one or more of the factors discussed above will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's future international operations and, consequently, on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Business--Allaire Strategy" and "--Sales, Marketing and Distribution." 8 No Assurance of Continued Market Acceptance of Products The Company competes in the Web development products market, which is at an early stage of development and is rapidly evolving. Accordingly, demand for and market acceptance of particular products are subject to a high level of uncertainty. A significant contributing factor to the Company's initial growth has been its ability to create and maintain strong relationships with the community of professional Web developers that initially adopted the Company's products. This community of early adopters demands rapid improvements in the performance, features and reliability of products while at the same time expecting a high level of customer service. If the Company's products do not sustain sufficient market acceptance, the Company's business, operating results and financial condition would be materially adversely affected. Due in part to the emerging nature of the Web development products market and the substantial resources available to many market participants other than the Company, the Company also believes there is a time-limited opportunity to achieve and maintain market share in the Web development products market. Any failure by the Company to achieve and maintain sufficient market share could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Industry Background," "--Allaire Strategy" and "--Competition." Risks Associated with Uncertain Brand Development; Trademark Issues The Company believes that developing and maintaining awareness of the "Allaire," "ColdFusion" and "HomeSite" brand names is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of the Company's products. The Company believes that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in the market for Web development products increases. Successfully promoting and positioning the Company's brands will depend largely on the effectiveness of the Company's marketing efforts and the ability of the Company to develop reliable and useful products at competitive price points. Furthermore, in order to promote the Company's brands, the Company may find it necessary to increase its marketing budget or otherwise increase its financial commitment to creating and maintaining brand awareness among potential customers. Although the Company has obtained federal registration of the trademark "Cold Fusion," the Company is aware of other companies, including competitors, that use the word "Fusion" in their marks alone or in combination with other words, and the Company does not expect to be able to prevent third-party uses of the word "Fusion" for competing goods and services. For example, NetObjects markets its principal products for designing, building and updating Web sites under the names "NetObjects Fusion" and "NetObjects Team Fusion." Competitors of the Company or others that use marks that are similar to the Company's brand names may cause confusion among the Company's actual and potential customers, which could prevent the Company from achieving significant brand recognition or dilute the Company's brand names. If the Company fails to promote and maintain its brands or incurs significant expenses in order to promote and maintain its brands, the Company's business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. See "Business--Allaire Strategy," "--Sales, Marketing and Distribution" and "--Intellectual Property." Product Concentration The Company currently derives substantially all of its revenue from its ColdFusion and HomeSite software and related services. The Company expects to continue to focus on Web development and application server products as its primary line of business. Therefore, any factor adversely affecting the Web development products market in general could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company's success will depend in large part on the development, introduction and customer acceptance of new and enhanced versions of its ColdFusion and HomeSite software. Any failure by the Company to successfully develop and market new versions of ColdFusion and HomeSite, or the lack of customer acceptance of new versions, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company believes that customers will demand products that enable rapid, scalable and secure Web development. There can be no assurance that the Company will develop sufficiently rapid, scalable and secure products in a timely manner, or, if it does, that demand for the Company's products will be sustainable at the levels necessary to support the Company's increased infrastructure. See "Business--Products." 9 Risks Associated with Release of New Product Versions The Company is currently planning a coordinated release of versions 4.0 of ColdFusion and HomeSite by the end of 1998. The timing of this release or the failure of the Company to release future new versions as scheduled will have a significant impact on the Company's quarterly operating results. In addition, the impact on the Company's operating results of other factors, including market acceptance and customer order deferrals, may be magnified by the coordinated release of multiple products. In addition, version 4.0 and other new versions may contain undetected errors or result in failures when first introduced. Such errors might hinder sales of the new product lines or result in potential product liability claims, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "--Risk of Product Defects and Product Liability." New Product Development In addition to developing new versions of current products, the Company intends to devote substantial resources to develop and introduce new products into the Web development products market. The success of any new product offerings is dependent on several factors, including the Company's awareness of, and response to, new industry standards and customer needs, timely completion and introduction of new products and enhancements, differentiation of new offerings from those of the Company's competitors and market acceptance of the Company's new offerings. The emerging market for Web development products is characterized by rapid technological developments, frequent new product introductions and evolving industry standards. The emerging nature of this market and its rapid evolution will require that the Company continually improve the performance, features and reliability of its products, particularly in response to competitive offerings and evolving customer needs, and that it introduce enhancements to existing products as quickly as possible and prior to its competitors. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in developing and marketing new products that effectively respond to competitive and technological developments and changing customer needs. The failure of the Company to develop and introduce new products and enhancements successfully on a timely basis and to achieve market acceptance for such offerings could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Allaire Strategy," "--Products" and "--Research and Development." Dependence on Third Party Technology The Company currently licenses technology from third parties that it incorporates into its products. Examples include licenses from Microsoft for certain visual editing technology, from Bright Tiger Technologies for certain load balancing and failover technology, from Netegrity, Inc. for certain security technology and from Verity, Inc. for full-text indexing and searching technology. In light of the rapidly evolving nature of the Web platform and the Company's strategy to pursue industry partnerships to ensure its support of and by the emerging Web platform, the Company will increasingly need to rely on technology that it licenses from other vendors, which is integrated with internally developed software and used in the Company's products to perform key functions. Microsoft and other such technology partners are also significant competitors in the Web development products market. There can be no assurance that technology from others will continue to be available to the Company on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. The loss or inability to access such technology could result in delays in development and introduction of new products or enhancements by the Company until equivalent or replacement technology could be accessed, if available, or developed, if feasible, by the Company, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Allaire Strategy" and "--Intellectual Property." Management of Growth and Expansion The Company has recently experienced a period of rapid growth. The Company's revenue more than tripled in the quarter ended June 30, 1998 as compared to the same period a year earlier. The number of the Company's employees has increased from 72 as of June 30, 1997 to 137 as of June 30, 1998. The Company's historical growth has placed, and any further growth will continue to place, a significant strain on the Company's managerial, operational, financial and other resources. The Company's future success will depend, in part, upon the ability of its senior management to manage growth effectively, which will require the Company to successfully implement and maintain its administrative operations and financial and accounting systems and controls and to coordinate its 10 accounting, finance, marketing, sales and administrative organizations. Any failure to implement or improve systems or controls or to manage any future growth and expansion effectively could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Dependence on Key Personnel; Need for Additional Qualified Personnel The Company's future success will be highly dependent on the performance of its senior management team, including Joseph J. Allaire, its founder, Chairman of the Board, Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President, Products, and David J. Orfao, its President and Chief Executive Officer, as well as other key employees. The Company has no employment agreements with any of its executives. In addition, the Company does not maintain key person life insurance for any of its officers or key employees other than Messrs. Allaire and Orfao. The Company's right to repurchase Mr. Allaire's unvested Common Stock will terminate upon consummation of the Offering. The loss of the services of any of the Company's senior management team, including Mr. Allaire or Mr. Orfao, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company's success will also depend on its ability to attract, integrate, motivate and retain additional highly skilled technical, sales and marketing personnel. There is intense competition for senior management and technical, sales and marketing personnel in the areas of the Company's activities. The failure of the Company to attract, integrate, motivate and retain additional key employees could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Employees," "Management" and "Certain Transactions." Limitations on Intellectual Property Rights; Risk of Infringement The Company's success and competitiveness are dependent to a significant degree on the development and protection of its proprietary technology. The Company relies primarily on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, licenses, trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect its intellectual property and trade secrets. The Company also enters into confidentiality agreements with its employees and consultants, and generally controls access to and distribution of its documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use the Company's intellectual property or trade secrets without authorization. In addition, the Company relies in part on "shrinkwrap" and "clickwrap" licenses that are not signed by the end user and, therefore, may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions. Moreover, the laws of other countries in which the Company markets its products may afford the Company little or no effective protection of its intellectual property. There can be no assurance that the precautions taken by the Company will prevent misappropriation or infringement of its technology. A failure by the Company to protect its intellectual property in a meaningful manner could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, there can be no assurance that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent intellectual property. The Company attempts to avoid infringing known proprietary rights of third parties in its product development efforts. However, the Company has not conducted and does not conduct comprehensive patent searches to determine whether the technology used in its products infringes patents held by third parties. In addition, it is difficult to proceed with certainty in a rapidly evolving technological environment in which there may be numerous patent applications pending, many of which are confidential when filed, with regard to similar technologies. If the Company were to discover that its products violated third party proprietary rights, there can be no assurance that it would be able to obtain licenses to continue offering such products without substantial reengineering or that any effort to undertake such reengineering would be successful, or that any licenses would be available on commercially reasonable terms. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce the Company's intellectual property rights, to protect the Company's trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, either of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Intellectual Property." Risk of Product Defects and Product Liability Software products as complex as those offered or developed by the Company may contain undetected errors or result in failures when first introduced or when new versions are released. The Company currently intends to release new versions of its ColdFusion and HomeSite software by the end of 1998. There can be no assurance that, 11 despite testing by the Company and potential customers, errors will not occur in product offerings after commencement of commercial shipments. The occurrence of these errors could result in loss of or delay in revenue, loss of market share, failure to achieve market acceptance, diversion of development resources, injury to the Company's reputation, or damage to the Company's efforts to build brand awareness, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The occurrence of these errors might also result in potential liability to customers. Many of the applications developed and deployed with the Company's products are critical to the operations of customers' businesses and provide benefits that may be difficult to quantify. Any failure in a customer's application could result in a claim for substantial damages against the Company, regardless of the Company's responsibility for such failure. Although the Company maintains general liability insurance, including coverage for errors and omissions, there can be no assurance that such coverage will continue to be available on reasonable terms or will be available in amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against the Company that exceed available insurance coverage or changes in the Company's insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could materially adversely affect the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition. See "Business--Products" and "--Research and Development." Risks Associated with Potential Acquisitions The Company acquired the core technology for the HomeSite HTML design tool from Bradbury Software L.L.C. ("Bradbury") in March 1997. The Company from time to time may acquire or invest in other businesses, technologies and product lines that are complementary to the Company's business. Although the Company currently has no understandings, commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisitions, any such acquisitions would be accompanied by the risks commonly encountered in such transactions, including, among others, the difficulty of assimilating the operations and personnel of the acquired businesses, the diversion of the Company's management from the day-to-day operations of the Company, the inability of the Company to incorporate acquired technologies successfully into the Company's products and services, the inability of the Company to retain key technical and managerial personnel of the acquired business, the potential disruption of the Company's ongoing business, the additional expense associated with amortization of acquired intangible assets, and the potential impairment of the Company's relationships with its employees, customers and strategic partners. Because of these and other factors, any such acquisitions, if consummated, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Use of Proceeds" and "Business--Allaire Strategy." Year 2000 Compliance Many currently installed computer systems and software products are coded to accept only two digit entries in the date code field. These date code fields will need to accept four digit entries to distinguish 21st century dates from 20th century dates. The use of software and computer systems that are not Year 2000 compliant could result in system failures or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations including, among other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices or engage in similar normal business activities. As a result, many companies' software and computer systems may need to be upgraded or replaced in order to comply with Year 2000 requirements. Because ColdFusion does not involve data storage, the ability of a Web application built with ColdFusion to comply with Year 2000 requirements is largely dependent on whether the database underlying the application is Year 2000 compliant. If ColdFusion is connected to a database that is not Year 2000 compliant, the information received by a ColdFusion application may be incorrect. Therefore, although the Company believes its products are Year 2000 compliant, there can be no assurance that Web applications developed using its products will comply with Year 2000 requirements. Furthermore, the purchasing patterns of customers or potential customers may be affected by Year 2000 issues as companies expend significant resources to correct their current systems for Year 2000 compliance. These expenditures may result in reduced funds available for Web development activities, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. Year 2000 complications may disrupt the operations, viability or commercial acceptance of the Internet, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. In connection with the Company's planned installation of new internal software systems, which is anticipated to be completed by October 1998, the Company has received verbal confirmations from software vendors that the 12 software the Company has purchased and is installing is Year 2000 compliant, and it is in the process of obtaining written certifications from such vendors to the same effect. Based on the foregoing, the Company currently has no reason to believe that its internal software systems are not Year 2000 compliant. To date, the Company has not incurred significant incremental costs in order to comply with Year 2000 requirements and does not believe it will incur significant incremental costs in the foreseeable future. However, there can be no assurance that Year 2000 errors or defects will not be discovered in the Company's internal software systems and, if such errors or defects are discovered, there can be no assurance that the costs of making such systems Year 2000 compliant will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company relies on third party vendors which may not be Year 2000 compliant for certain equipment and services. In addition, many of the Company's distributors are dependent on commercially available operating systems, which may be impacted by Year 2000 complications. To date, the Company has not conducted a Year 2000 review of its vendors or distributors. Failure of systems maintained by the Company's vendors or distributors to operate properly with regard to the Year 2000 and thereafter could require the Company to incur significant unanticipated expenses to remedy any problems or replace affected vendors, could reduce the Company's revenue from its indirect distribution channel and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "--Early Stage of Market and Platform Development; Dependence on the Internet," "--Dependence on Distribution," "--Dependence on Third Party Technology" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Control by Existing Stockholders Upon completion of the Offering, the executive officers, directors and 5% stockholders of the Company and their respective affiliates will beneficially own approximately % of the Company's outstanding Common Stock ( % if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full). As a result, these stockholders, if acting together, will be able to influence the management and affairs of the Company and all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. Such concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company and might affect the market price of the Common Stock and the voting and other rights of the Company's other stockholders. See "Principal Stockholders." Future Capital Needs; Uncertainty of Additional Funding The Company may require additional capital to finance its growth, including increased sales and marketing and research and development expenses, or to fund acquisitions or investments in businesses, technologies or product lines that are complementary to the Company's business. The Company's capital requirements will depend on many factors including, but not limited to, demand for the Company's products, the timing of and extent to which the Company invests in new technology, the level and timing of revenue, the expenses of sales and marketing and new product development, the success and related expense of increasing the Company's brand awareness, the extent to which competitors are successful in developing their own products and increasing their own market share, the costs involved in maintaining and enforcing intellectual property rights and other factors. To the extent that the Company's resources are insufficient to fund its future activities, the Company may need to raise additional funds through public or private financing. There can be no assurance that such additional funding, if needed, will be available on terms attractive to the Company, or at all. The failure of the Company to raise capital when needed could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity securities, the percentage ownership of the Company by its then-current stockholders would be diluted. Furthermore, such equity securities might have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the Common Stock. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources." Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions The Company's Board of Directors has the authority to issue shares of Preferred Stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, of those shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The rights of the holders of Common Stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any Preferred Stock that may be issued in the future. The issuance 13 of Preferred Stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible financings, acquisitions or other corporate purposes, may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company, may discourage bids for the Company's Common Stock at a premium over the market price of the Common Stock and may adversely affect the market price of, and the voting and other rights of the holders of, the Common Stock. The Company has no current plans to issue shares of Preferred Stock. The Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Company will indemnify its officers and directors against losses that they may incur in investigations and legal proceedings resulting from their services to the Company, which may be broad enough to include services in connection with takeover defense measures. In addition, certain provisions of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated By-Laws will have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of the Company. These provisions provide, among other things, that stockholders may not take actions by written consent and that the ability of stockholders to call special meetings is restricted. In addition, the Company is subject to the anti-takeover provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits the Company from engaging in a "business combination" with an "interested stockholder" for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. These provisions are designed to encourage potential buyers to negotiate with the Board of Directors and to give the Board of Directors sufficient opportunity to consider various alternatives to maximize stockholder value. These provisions are also intended to discourage certain tactics that may be used in proxy fights. However, each of these provisions may have the effect of discouraging potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control of the Company and, as a consequence, may adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock. Such provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in the management of the Company. See "Description of Capital Stock." Shares Eligible for Future Sale Sales of a substantial number of shares of the Company's Common Stock in the public market following the Offering could adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock. The number of shares of Common Stock available for sale in the public market is limited by restrictions under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and lock-up agreements executed by the officers, directors and certain stockholders of the Company, holding in the aggregate 7,806,753 shares of Common Stock, under which such persons have agreed not to sell or otherwise dispose of any of their shares of Common Stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation. Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation may, however, in its sole discretion and at any time without notice, release all or any portion of the shares subject to lock-up agreements. In addition to the shares of Common Stock offered hereby (assuming no exercise of the Underwriters' over-allotment option), there will be 7,957,733 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the date of this Prospectus, all of which are "restricted" shares under the Securities Act. On the date of this Prospectus, 4,712 shares in addition to the shares offered hereby will be eligible for sale. Upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements described above, an additional 7,454,384 shares will become eligible for sale (and not subject to repurchase by the Company) in the public market on the 181st day following the date of this Prospectus. In addition, the Company intends to file a registration statement on Form S-8 with the Securities and Exchange Commission shortly after the Offering covering (i) the 2,311,500 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Company's 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, 1998 Stock Incentive Plan and 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and (ii) the shares subject to outstanding options as of the date of this Prospectus (1,530,697 as of June 30, 1998). The holders of approximately 3,818,347 shares of Common Stock and warrants to purchase 50,297 shares of Common Stock are also entitled to certain rights with respect to registration of such shares for offer or sale to the public. If such holders, by exercising their registration rights, cause a large number of shares to be registered and sold in the public market, such sales could have a material adverse effect on the market price for the Common Stock. See "Management--Benefit Plans," "Description of Capital Stock--Registration Rights" and "Shares Eligible for Future Sale." No Prior Trading Market; Possible Volatility of Stock Price Prior to the Offering, there has been no public market for the Company's Common Stock and there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop or be sustained upon completion of the Offering. The initial public offering price, which will be established by negotiations between the Company and the representatives of the Underwriters based upon a number of factors, may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading 14 market. See "Underwriting" for a discussion of the principal factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price. The stock market from time to time has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. In addition, the market prices of securities of technology companies, particularly Internet-related companies, have been extremely volatile. Factors such as fluctuations in the Company's operating results, announcements of technological innovations or new products or enhancements by the Company or its competitors, analysts' reports and projections and general market conditions may have a significant effect on the market price of the Common Stock. Broad Management Discretion as to Use of Proceeds The Company plans to use substantially all of the net proceeds from the Offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, product development and expansion of its international operations and sales and marketing capabilities. The Company may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in businesses, technologies and product lines that are complementary to the Company's business. The Company has no specific understandings, commitments or agreements with respect to such transactions. As a result, the Company will have significant discretion as to the use of the net proceeds. Pending such uses, the Company intends to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United States. See "Use of Proceeds." Immediate and Substantial Dilution Investors participating in the Offering will incur immediate, substantial dilution in the amount of $ per share in the net tangible book value of the Common Stock from the initial public offering price. To the extent that outstanding options or warrants to purchase Common Stock are exercised, there will be further dilution. See "Dilution." 15 USE OF PROCEEDS The net proceeds to the Company from the issuance and sale of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby are estimated to be approximately $ (approximately $ if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full), at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including working capital, product development and expansion of its international operations and sales and marketing capabilities. A portion of the net proceeds may also be used to acquire or invest in complementary businesses or products or to obtain the right to use complementary technologies. The Company has no specific understandings, commitments or agreements with respect to any such acquisition or investment. Pending such uses, the net proceeds of the Offering will be invested in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the United States. DIVIDEND POLICY The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its capital stock and does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company currently intends to retain future earnings, if any, to fund the expansion and growth of its business. Payment of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors after taking into account various factors, including the Company's financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs and plans for expansion. Under the terms of the Company's line of credit, there are certain restrictions on the Company's ability to declare and pay dividends. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources" and Note 5 of Notes to Financial Statements. 16 CAPITALIZATION The following table sets forth the capitalization of the Company as of June 30, 1998 (i) on an actual basis; (ii) on a pro forma basis giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering and the amendment and restatement of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock to 35,000,000; and (iii) on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect the sale by the Company of shares of Common Stock offered hereby at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. This information should be read in conjunction with the Company's Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus: June 30, 1998 -------------------------------------------- Pro Forma Actual Pro Forma As Adjusted(1) ------------ ----------- --------------- (In thousands, except share and per share data) (unaudited) Capital lease obligations, net of current portion ........... $ 332 $ 332 $ 332 Notes payable, net of current portion ....................... 1,067 1,067 1,067 --------- --------- --------- Total long term debt ........................................ 1,399 1,399 1,399 --------- --------- --------- Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $.01 par value: Series B--514,306 shares authorized, issued and outstanding actual; none issued and outstanding pro forma and pro forma as adjusted ...................... 2,325 -- -- Series C--169,200 shares authorized, issued and outstanding actual; none issued and outstanding pro forma and pro forma as adjusted ...................... 1,000 -- -- Series D--2,500,000 shares authorized, 2,336,909 shares issued and outstanding actual; none issued and outstanding pro forma and pro forma as adjusted ...................... 9,348 -- -- --------- --------- --------- Total redeemable convertible preferred stock ................ 12,673 -- -- --------- --------- --------- Stockholders' equity (deficit): Series A convertible preferred stock, $.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized, 57,213 shares issued and outstanding actual; none issued and outstanding pro forma and pro forma as adjusted ...................... 260 -- -- Common stock, $.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized actual; 35,000,000 authorized pro forma and pro forma as adjusted; 4,142,303 shares issued and 4,139,386 outstanding actual; 7,960,650 shares issued and 7,957,733 outstanding pro forma; shares issued and outstanding pro forma as adjusted .............................................. 41 80 Additional paid-in capital ................................. 1,098 13,992 Accumulated deficit ........................................ (14,050) (14,050) (14,050) Deferred compensation ...................................... (375) (375) (375) Stock subscriptions receivable ............................. (16) (16) (16) --------- --------- --------- Total stockholders' equity (deficit) ........................ (13,042) (369) --------- --------- --------- Total capitalization ........................................ $ 1,030 $ 1,030 $ ========= ========= ========= - ------------ (1) Excludes: (i) 1,530,697 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding as of June 30, 1998 at a weighted average exercise price of $.90 per share, and 111,500 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance as of June 30, 1998 under the Company's 1997 Stock Incentive Plan and (ii) 50,297 shares of Common Stock issuable under exercise of warrants outstanding at June 30, 1998 at a weighted average exercise price of $2.44. In addition, in August 1998 the Board of Directors approved the 1998 Stock Incentive Plan, pursuant to which 1,900,000 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance, and approved the 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, pursuant to which 300,000 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance. See "Management-Benefit Plans," "Description of Capital Stock" and Notes 6, 7 and 8 of Notes to Financial Statements. 17 DILUTION The pro forma net tangible book value of the Company at June 30, 1998 was $(544,000), or $(0.07) per share of Common Stock. Pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding after giving effect to the conversion of all shares of Preferred Stock. After giving effect to the sale of shares of Common Stock offered hereby by the Company at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, the Company's pro forma net tangible book value as of June 30, 1998 would have been approximately $ , or $ per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $ per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $ per share to new investors purchasing shares of Common Stock in the Offering. The following table illustrates this dilution: Assumed initial public offering price per share ............................... $ Pro forma net tangible book value per share at June 30, 1998 ................. $(0.07) Increase attributable to the Offering ........................................ ------ Pro forma net tangible book value per share after the Offering ................ $ --------- Net tangible book value dilution per share to new investors in the Offering ... $ ========= The following table summarizes, as of June 30, 1998, on the pro forma basis described above, the total number of shares and consideration paid to the Company and the average price per share paid by the existing stockholders and by new investors purchasing shares of Common Stock in the Offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (before deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses): Shares Purchased (1) Total Consideration ----------------------- -------------------------- Average Price Number Percent Amount Percent Per Share ----------- --------- -------------- --------- -------------- Existing stockholders ......... 7,957,733 % $13,497,000 % $ 1.70 --------- ----- ----------- ---- New investors ................. % % - - Totals ...................... 100% 100% $ ========= === =========== === - ------------ (1) The foregoing computations are based on the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of June 30, 1998 and exclude: (i) 1,530,697 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding as of June 30, 1998 at a weighted average exercise price of $.90 per share, and 111,500 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance as of June 30, 1998 under the Company's 1997 Stock Incentive Plan and (ii) 50,297 shares of Common Stock issuable under exercise of warrants outstanding at June 30, 1998 at a weighted average exercise price of $2.44. In addition, in August 1998 the Board of Directors approved the 1998 Stock Incentive Plan, pursuant to which 1,900,000 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance, and approved the 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, pursuant to which 300,000 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance. To the extent that these options or warrants are exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors. See "Capitalization," "Management-Benefit Plans," "Description of Capital Stock" and Notes 6, 7 and 8 of Notes to Financial Statements. 18 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The selected financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with the Company's Financial Statements and Notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus. The statement of operations data for the period from the Company's inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995, for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and for the six months ended June 30, 1998, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 1996 and 1997 and as of June 30, 1998, are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus. The balance sheet data as of December 31, 1995 are derived from audited financial statements of the Company that do not appear in this Prospectus. The statement of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 1997 are derived from unaudited financial statements of the Company appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus. The unaudited financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and, in the opinion of the Company's management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the information set forth therein. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected in the future. Year Ended Six Months Ended Period from Inception December 31, June 30, (May 5, 1995) through ----------------------- ------------------------- December 31, 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 ---------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- (In thousands, except per share data) (unaudited) Statement of Operations Data: Revenue: Software license fees ............................ $ -- $ 2,358 $ 7,116 $ 2,447 $ 7,585 Services ......................................... -- -- 534 144 1,046 ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Total revenue .................................. -- 2,358 7,650 2,591 8,631 ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Cost of revenue: Software license fees ............................ -- 234 961 343 820 Services ......................................... -- -- 1,453 449 1,610 ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Total cost of revenue .......................... -- 234 2,414 792 2,430 ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Gross profit ...................................... -- 2,124 5,236 1,799 6,201 ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Operating expenses: Research and development ......................... 65 873 2,702 933 2,028 Sales and marketing .............................. 49 1,576 7,272 2,190 6,944 General and administrative ....................... 74 1,387 2,874 876 1,909 ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Total operating expenses .................... 188 3,836 12,848 3,999 10,881 ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Loss from operations .............................. (188) (1,712) (7,612) (2,200) (4,680) Interest income, net .............................. -- 14 187 31 65 ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss .......................................... $ (188) $ (1,698) $ (7,425) $ (2,169) $ (4,615) ======= ======== ======== ======== ======== Basic and diluted net loss per share .............. $ (0.09) $ (0.97) $ (4.40) $ (1.50) $ (1.73) Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share ........................................ 2,200 1,743 1,687 1,443 2,670 Unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share(1) ......................................... $ (1.27) $ (0.64) Shares used in computing unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share(1) .......... 5,865 7,224 June 30, 1998 December 31, ----------------------------- ------------------------------------- Pro Forma 1995 1996 1997 Actual As Adjusted(2) --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------------- (unaudited) Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents ............................ $ 17 $ 526 $ 5,521 $ 3,974 $[ ] Working capital (deficit) ............................ (231) 224 1,492 (2,200) [ ] Total assets ......................................... 119 2,038 9,697 9,189 [ ] Total long-term debt, net of current portion ......... -- -- 499 1,399 1,399 Total redeemable convertible preferred stock ......... -- 2,800 12,673 12,673 -- Total stockholders' equity (deficit) ................. (181) (1,768) (9,153) (13,042) [ ] - ------------ (1) For an explanation of unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share and the weighted average shares used in computing unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share, see Note 2 of Notes to Financial Statements. (2) Pro forma to give effect to the conversion of all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. As adjusted to give effect to the sale by the Company of shares of Common Stock offered hereby at an initial public offering price of $ per share after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. 19 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of the Company should be read in conjunction with "Selected Financial Data" and the Company's Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Prospectus. Overview The Company develops, markets and supports application development and server software for a wide range of Web development, from building static Web pages to developing enterprise-scale, interactive Web applications. The Company was established in May 1995 and recorded its first revenue upon delivery of ColdFusion 1.5 to its customers in February 1996. Also in 1996, the Company moved its headquarters from Minnesota to Cambridge, Massachusetts. In March 1997, the Company expanded its product offerings by acquiring the HomeSite HTML design tool through the purchase of substantially all of the assets of Bradbury. The Company's revenue is derived principally from license fees for software products and, to a lesser extent, fees for a range of services complementing these products, primarily training and technical support. Software license fees include sales of licenses for the then-current version of the Company's products, product upgrades and subscriptions. Subscriptions entitle the customer to all product upgrades released by the Company during the subscription period, generally 12 months. Revenue from sales of licenses to use the Company's software products and product upgrades is recognized upon delivery to customers provided no significant post-delivery obligations or uncertainties remain and collection of the related receivable is probable. Revenue under arrangements where multiple products or services are sold together under one contract is allocated to each element based on their relative fair values, with these fair values generally being determined using the price charged when that element is sold separately. The Company provides most of its distributors with rights of return. An allowance for estimated future returns is recorded at the time revenue is recognized based on the Company's historical experience. Revenue from subscription sales is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription period. Services revenue is recognized as services are rendered or ratably over the term of the service agreement. In October 1997, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee ("AcSEC") of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA") issued Statement of Position ("SoP") 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, which provides guidance on the timing and amount of revenue recognition when licensing, selling, leasing or otherwise marketing computer software and related services. The Company adopted SoP 97-2 for all transactions entered into after December 31, 1997. Subsequently, in March 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") approved SoP 98-4, Deferral of the Effective Date of a Provision of SoP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition. SoP 98-4 provides for the one-year deferral of certain provisions of SoP 97-2 pertaining to its requirements for what constitutes vendor specific objective evidence of the fair value of multiple elements included in an arrangement. Based upon its reading and interpretation of SoP 97-2 and 98-4, the Company believes that its current revenue recognition policies and practices are materially consistent with the provisions of the new guidance. Accordingly, adoption of SoP 97-2 and SoP 98-4 did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operation. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 86, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed, costs associated with the development of computer software are expensed prior to the establishment of technological feasibility and capitalized thereafter when material. No software development costs have been capitalized since costs eligible for capitalization have not been material to the Company's financial condition or results of operations. The Company generates its revenue through direct sales of licenses to end users and through its indirect distribution channel. Direct revenue is generated by the Company's direct sales force and via the Company's Web site. The indirect distribution channel includes distributors, direct and OEM resellers, system integrators and Allaire Alliance members. During the second half of 1997, the Company established relationships with its primary distribution partners in North 20 America, Europe and Asia Pacific. Revenue generated by the indirect distribution channel accounted for 13%, 28% and 39% of total revenue for 1996, 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, respectively. The Company anticipates that revenue derived from the indirect distribution channel will continue to increase as a percentage of total revenue. The Company primarily derives its international revenue through its indirect distribution channel. International revenue accounted for 17%, 20% and 14% of total revenue for 1996, 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, respectively. The Company anticipates that international revenue will increase as a percentage of total revenue, as its international distribution network continues to expand and mature. The Company has only a limited operating history on which to base an evaluation of its business and prospects. The Company's prospects must be considered in light of the risks and uncertainties encountered by companies in an early stage of development in new and rapidly evolving markets. To address these risks, the Company must, among other things, develop new products and technologies more rapidly than its competitors; attract, integrate, motivate and retain qualified personnel; successfully implement its distribution strategy; continue to build its financial and operational infrastructure; and develop and maintain awareness of its brands. There can be no assurance that the Company will succeed in addressing any or all of these risks, and the failure to do so would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company has experienced substantial net losses in each fiscal period since its inception and, as of June 30, 1998, had an accumulated deficit of $14.1 million. Such net losses and accumulated deficit resulted from the Company's lack of substantial revenue and the significant costs incurred in the development of the Company's products and in the preliminary establishment of the Company's infrastructure. The Company expects to increase its expenditures in all areas in order to execute its business plan, particularly in research and development and sales and marketing. Although the Company has experienced revenue growth in recent periods, there can be no assurance that such growth rates are sustainable, and therefore such growth rates should not be considered indicative of future operating results. There can also be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to increase its revenue or attain profitability or, if increases in revenue and profitability are achieved, that they can be sustained. The Company believes that period-to-period comparisons of its historical operating results are not meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Results of Operations The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percentage of total revenue of certain line items included in the Company's statement of operations. The Company generated no revenue and incurred operating expenses totaling $188,000 during the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995. As a result, operating results for that period have been omitted from the table below. Year Ended Six Months Ended December 31, June 30, -------------------------- --------------------------- 1996 1997 1997 1998 ----------- ------------ ------------ ------------ Revenue: Software license fees ................. 100.0% 93.0% 94.4% 87.9% Services .............................. 0.0 7.0 5.6 12.1 ----- ----- ----- ----- Total revenue .................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----- ----- ----- ----- Cost of revenue: Cost of software license fees ......... 9.9 12.6 13.2 9.5 Cost of services ...................... 0.0 19.0 17.3 18.7 ----- ----- ----- ----- Total cost of revenue ............ 9.9 31.6 30.5 28.2 ----- ----- ----- ----- Gross profit ........................... 90.1 68.4 69.5 71.8 ----- ----- ----- ----- Operating expenses: Research and development .............. 37.1 35.3 36.0 23.5 Sales and marketing ................... 66.8 95.1 84.5 80.5 General and administrative ............ 58.8 37.5 33.8 22.1 ----- ----- ----- ----- Total operating expenses ......... 162.7 167.9 154.3 126.1 ----- ----- ----- ----- Loss from operations ................... (72.6) (99.5) (84.8) (54.3) Interest income, net ................... 0.6 2.4 1.2 0.8 ----- ----- ----- ----- Net loss ............................... (72.0)% (97.1)% (83.6)% (53.5)% ===== ===== ===== ===== 21 Six Months Ended June 30, 1997 and June 30, 1998 Revenue Total revenue increased 233% from $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to $8.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. Software License Fees. Revenue from software license fees increased 210% from $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the number of licenses sold to use the Company's software products including HomeSite, which the Company began selling in March 1997, and ColdFusion Studio, which was released in November 1997. The growth in unit sales was also attributable to the establishment of relationships with key domestic and international distribution partners during the second half of 1997. To a lesser degree, the increase in revenue from software license fees resulted from an increase in product price associated with the release of new versions of the Company's products during the second half of 1997. Services. Revenue from services increased 626% from $144,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. The increase was primarily attributable to growth in training revenue resulting from an increase in the Company's installed customer base. Cost of Revenue Cost of Software License Fees. Cost of software license fees includes costs of product media duplication, manuals, packaging materials, licensed technology and fees paid to third-party vendors and agents for order fulfillment. Cost of software license fees increased 139% from $343,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to $820,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1998. The increase in absolute dollars was due to higher unit sales volume. The improvement in software license fees gross margins from 86% for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to 89% for the six months ended June 30, 1998 was primarily attributable to economies of scale achieved with the Company's higher sales volume. In the future, the Company expects that additional economies of scale may be offset by increased licensed technology costs related to new versions of ColdFusion. Cost of Services. Cost of services consists primarily of personnel costs. Cost of services increased 259% from $449,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. The increase in absolute dollars resulted primarily from the hiring of additional employees and the use of contract trainers to support increased customer demand for training classes and technical support. The improvement in services gross margins from (212)% for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to (54)% for the six months ended June 30, 1998 was primarily attributable to the substantial growth in training revenue. Overall gross margins are primarily affected by the mix of products licensed, sales through direct versus indirect distribution channels, software license fees revenue versus services revenue, and international versus domestic revenue. The Company typically realizes higher gross margins on direct sales relative to indirect distribution channels and higher gross margins on software license fees relative to services revenue. As services revenue or revenue derived through indirect distribution channels increase as a percentage of total revenue, the Company's gross margins may be adversely affected. Operating Expenses Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee salaries, fees for outside consultants and related costs associated with the development of new products, the enhancement and localization of existing products, quality assurance and testing. Research and development expenses increased 117% from $933,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. The increase primarily resulted from salaries associated with newly hired development personnel and consulting costs related to product localization. The Company anticipates that research and development expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars. Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee salaries, commissions, and costs associated with marketing programs such as trade shows, seminars, advertising and new product launch activities. Sales and marketing expenses increased 217% from $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to $6.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. The increase was primarily attributable to costs associated with additional direct sales, pre-sales support and marketing personnel, and, to a lesser extent, an increase in 22 marketing programs, including trade shows, seminars and product launch activities. The Company anticipates that sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars as it continues to expand its marketing programs and sales force to support its brand awareness, product launches and international expansion. General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and other personnel related costs for executive and financial personnel, as well as legal, accounting and insurance costs. General and administrative expenses increased 118% from $876,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1997 to $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. Substantially all of the increase was due to salaries associated with newly hired personnel and related costs required to manage the Company's growth and facilities expansion. The Company expects that its general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as it continues to expand its staffing to support expanded operations and facilities, as well as incur expenses relating to its new responsibilities as a public company. Interest Income, Net. Interest income, net of interest expense, increased 110% from $31,000 in the six months ended June 30, 1997 to $65,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1998. The increase was primarily attributable to interest earned on cash received from financing activities in the second quarter of 1997, partially offset by interest expense attributable to the Company's capital lease obligations. Provision for Income Taxes. The Company incurred significant operating losses for all periods from inception through June 30, 1998. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of its net deferred tax assets as the future realization of the tax benefit is not sufficiently assured. Years Ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 Revenue The Company's total revenue increased 224% from $2.4 million for 1996 to $7.7 million for 1997. Software License Fees. Revenue from software license fees increased 202% from $2.4 million for 1996 to $7.1 million for 1997. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the number of licenses sold to use the Company's software products including HomeSite, which the Company began selling in March 1997. The growth in unit sales was also attributable to the establishment of relationships with key domestic and international distribution partners during the second half of 1997. To a lesser degree, the increase in revenue from software license fees resulted from an increase in product price associated with the release of new versions of the Company's products during the second half of 1997 and the introduction of subscription sales in the fourth quarter of 1996. Services. Prior to 1997, the Company provided minimal technical support to its customers and recognized no revenue from such services during 1996. During 1997, the Company introduced training and fee-based technical support to its customers. Cost of Revenue Cost of Software License Fees. Cost of software license fees increased 311% from $234,000 for 1996 to $961,000 for 1997. The increase in absolute dollars was due to higher unit sales volume. The decrease in software license fee gross margins from 90% for 1996 to 86% for 1997 was primarily attributable to an increase in licensed technology costs and fees paid to third-party agents for order fulfillment. Cost of Services. The Company recognized no revenue from services during 1996. The cost of services incurred during 1997 related to the establishment of the Company's training organization and the hiring of additional technical support personnel. Operating Expenses Research and Development. Research and development expenses increased 210% from $873,000 for 1996 to $2.7 million for 1997. The increase primarily resulted from salaries associated with newly hired development personnel and consulting costs related to product localization. Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased 361% from $1.6 million for 1996 to $7.3 million for 1997. The increase was primarily attributable to costs associated with additional direct sales, pre-sales support and marketing personnel, and, to a lesser extent, an increase in marketing programs, including trade shows, seminars and product launch and brand awareness activities. 23 General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased 107% from $1.4 million for 1996 to $2.9 million for 1997. The increase was primarily due to employee salaries associated with the hiring of executive and financial personnel to help manage the Company's growth. The Company also settled a wrongful termination action with a former employee and agreed to pay the plaintiff a one-time cash settlement of $285,000. Interest Income, Net. Interest income, net of interest expense, increased from $14,000 for 1996 to $187,000 for 1997. The increase was primarily attributable to interest earned on cash received from financing activities during 1997, partially offset by interest expense attributable to the Company's capital lease obligations. Period from Inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995 During the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995, the Company was in the development stage and its operating activities consisted primarily of recruiting of personnel, research and development of the Company's ColdFusion product line, and distribution of the Company's initial version of ColdFusion. The Company generated no revenue and incurred operating expenses totaling $188,000 during this period. Accordingly, a comparison of the operating results for that period and 1996 is not meaningful and has been omitted. Quarterly Results of Operations The following tables set forth a summary of the Company's unaudited quarterly operating results for each of the six quarters in the period ended June 30, 1998. This information has been derived from unaudited interim financial statements that, in the opinion of management, have been prepared on a basis consistent with the financial statements contained elsewhere in this Prospectus and include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of such information when read in conjunction with the Company's Financial Statements and Notes thereto. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. Quarter Ended ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mar. 31, June 30, Sept. 30, Dec. 31, Mar. 31, June 30, 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 ------------ ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- (In thousands) Statement of Operations Data: Revenue: Software license fees ................. $1,143 $ 1,304 $ 1,888 $ 2,781 $ 3,568 $ 4,017 Services .............................. 68 76 116 274 464 582 ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Total revenue .................... 1,211 1,380 2,004 3,055 4,032 4,599 ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Cost of revenue: Cost of software license fees ......... 157 186 197 421 421 399 Cost of services ...................... 146 303 396 608 701 909 ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Total cost of revenue ............ 303 489 593 1,029 1,122 1,308 ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Gross profit ........................... 908 891 1,411 2,026 2,910 3,291 ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Operating expenses: Research and development .............. 352 581 868 901 1,025 1,003 Sales and marketing ................... 1,006 1,184 2,026 3,056 3,120 3,824 General and administrative ............ 377 499 989 1,009 1,021 888 ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Total operating expenses ......... 1,735 2,264 3,883 4,966 5,166 5,715 ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Loss from operations ................... (827) (1,373) (2,472) (2,940) (2,256) (2,424) Interest income (expense), net ......... (9) 40 94 62 45 20 ----- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net loss ............................... $(836) $ (1,333) $ (2,378) $ (2,878) $ (2,211) $ (2,404) ===== ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= 24 Quarter Ended ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Mar. 31, June 30, Sept. 30, Dec. 31, Mar. 31, June 30, 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 ------------ ------------ ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ As a Percentage of Total Revenue: Revenue: Software license fees ................. 94.4% 94.5% 94.2% 91.0% 88.5% 87.3% Services .............................. 5.6 5.5 5.8 9.0 11.5 12.7 ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- Total revenue .................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- Cost of revenue: Cost of software license fees ......... 13.0 13.5 9.8 13.8 10.4 8.7 Cost of services ...................... 12.0 21.9 19.8 19.9 17.4 19.7 ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- Total cost of revenue ............ 25.0 35.4 29.6 33.7 27.8 28.4 ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- Gross profit ........................... 75.0 64.6 70.4 66.3 72.2 71.6 ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- Operating expenses: Research and development .............. 29.1 42.1 43.3 29.5 25.4 21.9 Sales and marketing ................... 83.1 85.8 101.1 100.0 77.4 83.1 General and administrative ............ 31.1 36.2 49.4 33.0 25.3 19.3 ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- Total operating expenses ......... 143.3 164.1 193.8 162.5 128.1 124.3 ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- Loss from operations ................... (68.3) (99.5) (123.4) (96.2) (55.9) (52.7) ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- Interest income (expense), net ......... ( 0.7) 2.9 4.7 2.0 1.1 0.4 ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- Net loss ............................... (69.0)% (96.6)% (118.7)% (94.2)% (54.8)% (52.3)% ===== ===== ====== ===== ===== ===== The Company's total revenue has increased each consecutive quarter during the six fiscal quarters ending June 30, 1998, as a result of market acceptance of the Company's products and diversification of the Company's sales channels, including expansion of the Company's direct sales force and relationships with domestic and international distributors. Services revenue has generally increased along with increases in the Company's installed customer base. Cost of revenue from software license fees has fluctuated as a percentage of revenue from software license fees primarily due to growth in the indirect distribution channel, use of licensed technology and economies of scale gained from increased license volume. Cost of services revenue increased quarter to quarter in absolute dollars primarily due to increases in personnel and related costs for customer support and training. Operating expenses increased in each quarter, reflecting increased spending on developing, selling, marketing and supporting the Company's products, as well as building the Company's market presence. Research and development costs have increased as a result of higher personnel and consulting costs associated with enhancing existing products and developing new products. Sales and marketing expenses increased as a result of hiring additional sales and marketing personnel and an increase in marketing program costs. General and administrative expenses increased throughout 1997 primarily due to the hiring of the Company's executive and financial staff and support personnel, increased use of outside services during the second half of 1997 and a legal settlement. The decrease in the second quarter of 1998 primarily was the result of a decline in the use of outside services and a reduction in bad debt expense. The Company's operating results have varied on a quarterly basis during its short operating history and are expected to fluctuate significantly in the future. A variety of factors, many of which are outside of the Company's control, may affect the Company's quarterly operating results. These factors include, among others, the following: the evolution of the market for Web development products; market acceptance of the Company's products; the Company's success and timing in developing and introducing new products and enhancements to existing products; market acceptance of products developed by competitors; changes in pricing policies by the Company or its competitors; an increase in the length of the Company's sales cycle; changes in customer buying patterns; customer order deferrals in anticipation of new products or enhancements by the Company or competitors; market entry by new competitors; development and performance of the Company's distribution channels; general economic conditions and economic conditions specific to Internet-related industries. Any one of these factors could cause the Company's revenue and operating results to vary significantly in the future. The Company's limited operating history and the undeveloped nature of the market for Web development products make predicting future revenue difficult. The Company's expense levels are based, in part, on its expectations regarding future revenue increases, and to a large extent such expenses are fixed, particularly in the 25 short term. There can be no assurance that the Company's expectations regarding future revenue are accurate. Moreover, the Company may be unable to adjust spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected revenue shortfall. Accordingly, any significant shortfall of revenue in relation to the Company's expectations would likely cause significant declines in the Company's quarterly operating results. The Company is also increasing its sales and marketing efforts focused on larger purchases by larger customers. Such transactions are generally more complex and may increase the length of the Company's average sales cycle. The Company anticipates that an increasing portion of its revenue could be derived from larger orders, in which case the timing of receipt and fulfillment of any such orders could cause fluctuations in the Company's operating results, particularly on a quarterly basis. Due to the foregoing factors, the Company's operating results are difficult to forecast. The Company believes that period-to-period comparisons of its historical operating results are not meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Also, the Company's operating results may fall below the expectations of the Company, securities analysts or investors in some future quarter. In such event, the market price of the Company's Common Stock would likely be materially adversely affected. Liquidity and Capital Resources Since its inception, the Company has funded operations primarily through net cash proceeds from private placements of preferred stock totaling $12.3 million. At June 30, 1998, the Company had cash and cash equivalents totaling $4.0 million. Cash used for operating activities during 1997 was $3.3 million, which was due primarily to a net loss of $7.4 million, offset by increases in accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue. Cash used for operating activities totaled $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. This was primarily attributable to a net loss of $4.6 million, which was partially offset by increases in accrued expenses and deferred revenue. Cash used for investing activities for 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998 were $1.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Investing activities for the periods were primarily purchases of equipment, consisting largely of computer servers, workstations and networking equipment. Cash provided by financing activities for 1997 of $10.0 million was due primarily to the issuance of preferred stock for net proceeds totaling $9.6 million. For the six months ended June 30, 1998, cash provided by financing activities of $1.8 million primarily related to the issuance of notes payable of $1.4 million and the proceeds from the exercise of common stock options of $537,000. In March 1997, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Bradbury, including all rights to the HomeSite HTML design tool in exchange for $252,000 in cash and 13,000 shares of the Company's Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. In order to finance the acquisition, the Company issued 10% convertible notes payable totaling $252,000 and warrants to purchase 6,300 shares of the Company's Common Stock at a price of $4.00 per share to two stockholders of the Company. In addition, Bradbury's former owner is entitled to cash payments of up to $165,000 depending on the length of time he remains employed by the Company. In March 1998, the Company entered into a new line of credit with a bank which allows the Company to borrow up to $2.0 million for working capital purposes and for the issuance of letters of credit. The line of credit expires in March 1999. Amounts available under the line of credit are a function of eligible accounts receivable and bear interest at the bank's prime rate (8.5% at June 30, 1998) plus 1%. At June 30, 1998, there were letters of credit outstanding under the line of $487,000 and an additional $715,000 was available for borrowing. In August 1998, the Company received a covenant waiver from the bank for the months of May and June 1998, and the bank amended the terms of the line of credit to waive certain financial covenants through October 1998. In May 1998, the Company entered into an equipment loan line agreement that allows the Company to borrow up to $2.0 million for the purchase of fixed assets through December 1998. The initial term of each loan is 36 months from the borrowing date. Monthly payments are equal to 3.155% of the original amount borrowed. At the end of the term, the Company may choose to make one additional payment of 15% of the original amount funded or, if no default has occurred, the term may be extended for an additional six months at the original monthly payment rate. At June 30, 1998, the Company had $1.4 million outstanding under the line, which was collateralized by previous purchases of furniture and equipment. 26 As of June 30, 1998, the Company's primary commitments consisted of obligations outstanding under operating leases, $659,000 of capital lease obligations and $1.4 million of notes payable under the equipment loan line. As of June 30, 1998, the Company had net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards of approximately $11.1 million available for federal purposes to reduce future taxable income expiring at various dates through 2018. Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, certain substantial changes in the Company's ownership may have limited, or may limit in the future, the amount of NOL carryforwards which could be utilized annually to offset future taxable income. Since its inception, the Company has significantly increased its operating expenses. The Company anticipates that it will continue to experience significant growth in its operating expenses for the foreseeable future and that its operating expenses and capital expenditures will constitute a material use of the Company's cash resources. In addition, the Company may utilize cash resources to fund acquisitions or investments in businesses, technologies or product lines that are complementary to the Company's business. The Company believes that the net proceeds from the Offering, together with its current cash, cash equivalents, and funds available under its credit agreements will be sufficient to meets its anticipated cash requirements for working capital and capital expenditures for at least 12 months. Thereafter, if cash generated from operations is insufficient to satisfy the Company's liquidity requirements, the Company may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities, or obtain additional credit facilities. The issuance of additional equity or convertible debt securities could result in additional dilution to the Company's stockholders. See "Risk Factors--Risks Associated with Potential Acquisitions," "--Future Capital Needs; Uncertainty of Additional Funding" and "Use of Proceeds." Year 2000 Compliance Many currently installed computer systems and software products are coded to accept only two digit entries in the date code field. These date code fields will need to accept four digit entries to distinguish 21st century dates from 20th century dates. The use of software and computer systems that are not Year 2000 compliant could result in system failures or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations including, among other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices or engage in similar normal business activities. As a result, many companies' software and computer systems may need to be upgraded or replaced in order to comply with Year 2000 requirements. Because ColdFusion does not involve data storage, the ability of a Web application built with ColdFusion to comply with Year 2000 requirements is largely dependent on whether the database underlying the application is Year 2000 compliant. If ColdFusion is connected to a database that is not Year 2000 compliant, the information received by a ColdFusion application may be incorrect. Therefore, although the Company believes its products are Year 2000 compliant, there can be no assurance that Web applications developed using its products will comply with Year 2000 requirements. Furthermore, the purchasing patterns of customers or potential customers may be affected by Year 2000 issues as companies expend significant resources to correct their current systems for Year 2000 compliance. These expenditures may result in reduced funds available for Web development activities, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. Year 2000 complications may disrupt the operations, viability or commercial acceptance of the Internet, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. In connection with the Company's planned installation of new internal software systems, which is anticipated to be completed by October 1998, the Company has received verbal confirmations from software vendors that the software the Company has purchased and is installing is Year 2000 compliant, and it is in the process of obtaining written certifications from such vendors to the same effect. Based on the foregoing, the Company currently has no reason to believe that its internal software systems are not Year 2000 compliant. To date, the Company has not incurred significant incremental costs in order to comply with Year 2000 requirements and does not believe it will incur significant incremental costs in the foreseeable future. However, there can be no assurance that Year 2000 errors or defects will not be discovered in the Company's internal software systems and, if such errors or defects are discovered, there can be no assurance that the costs of making such systems Year 2000 compliant will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company relies on third party vendors which may not be Year 2000 compliant for certain equipment and services. In addition, many of the Company's distributors are dependent on commercially available operating systems, which may be impacted by Year 2000 complications. To date, the Company has not conducted a Year 2000 27 review of its vendors or distributors. Failure of systems maintained by the Company's vendors or distributors to operate properly with regard to the Year 2000 and thereafter could require the Company to incur significant unanticipated expenses to remedy any problems or replace affected vendors, could reduce the Company's revenue from its indirect distribution channel and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Risk Factors--Year 2000 Compliance." Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income. This statement establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components. SFAS No. 130 is effective beginning in 1998. Adoption of SFAS No. 130 is for presentation only and did not affect the Company's financial condition or results of operations. In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, which supersedes SFAS No. 14, Financial Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise. This statement changes the way that public business enterprises report segment information, including financial and descriptive information about their selected segment information. Under SFAS No. 131, operating segments are defined as revenue-producing components of the enterprise which are generally used internally for evaluating segment performance. SFAS No. 131 is effective for the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 1998 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's existing disclosures. In February 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 132, Employers' Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits. SFAS No. 132 standardizes the disclosure requirements for pensions and other postretirement benefits and is effective for the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 1998. SFAS No. 132 relates to disclosure only and will not affect the Company's financial condition or results of operations. In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. The new standard establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, (collectively referred to as derivatives) and for hedging activities. SFAS No. 133 is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 1999. The Company does not expect SFAS No. 133 to have a material effect on its financial condition or results of operations. In February 1998, the AcSEC issued SoP 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. SoP 98-1 establishes the accounting for costs of software products developed or purchased for internal use, including when such costs should be capitalized. The Company does not expect SOP 98-1, which is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 1999, to have a material effect on the Company's financial condition or results of operations. In April 1998, the AcSEC issued SoP 98-5, Reporting on the Costs of Start-Up Activities. Start-up activities are defined broadly as those one-time activities relating to opening a new facility, introducing a new product or service, conducting business in a new territory, conducting business with a new class of customer, commencing some new operation or organizing a new entity. Under SoP 98-5, the cost of start-up activities should be expensed as incurred. SoP 98-5 is effective for the Company's fiscal 1999 financial statements and the Company does not expect its adoption to have a material effect on the Company's financial condition or results of operations. 28 BUSINESS The Company Allaire develops, markets and supports application development and server software for a wide range of Web development, from building static Web pages to developing enterprise-scale, interactive Web applications. The Company's products and services enable professional Web developers to build high-volume, transaction-oriented Web sites and Web applications for electronic commerce, business information systems, content publishing and multi-user collaboration. The Company specifically designs its products to integrate key emerging Web client and Web server software platforms, technologies and protocols and to interoperate with key enterprise and client-server technologies. The Company's flagship ColdFusion product line employs a comprehensive, easy to learn, tag-based markup language that allows professional Web developers to quickly and efficiently create Web applications. More than 20,000 ColdFusion application server licenses and more than 80,000 licenses for the Company's HomeSite HTML design tool have been sold to date. Industry Background The Internet has experienced dramatic growth, both in terms of the number of users and as a means of conducting commercial transactions, and is expected to continue to grow rapidly. According to an IDC report, the number of Internet users has increased from approximately 14 million in 1995 to approximately 97 million in 1998, and is expected to more than double over the next three years. The software technology that has engendered the openness, ubiquity and usability of the Internet and the World Wide Web provides a powerful business software platform. Web technology provides an alternative to existing mainstream computing platforms, creates new opportunities for commerce and information exchange, and represents potential replacement technology to existing forms of media and communications. Businesses are adopting Web technology rapidly to upgrade enterprise and client-server applications. An IDC report estimates that, by mid-1997, 12% of U.S. companies had implemented an Internet-based online transaction processing application and 37% had an Internet-based online transaction processing project in some stage of planning or evaluation. There are a number of reasons for businesses to adopt Web technology. Among them, Web browsers provide a uniform and intuitive graphical user interface, which significantly reduces remote access and training costs. Web application server architecture is compatible with legacy mainframe and client-server architectures, and server deployment permits immediate availability of applications and upgrades throughout the enterprise and worldwide, reducing deployment and maintenance costs. In addition to providing a means to upgrade legacy applications, Web technology has enabled new online business models and the development and deployment of software to facilitate an assortment of business interactions that were not practical to address with traditional enterprise computing systems. The Internet has created a public infrastructure for delivering information and applications. This infrastructure has enabled businesses to conduct transactions over secure extranets and has allowed businesses to directly reach customers through electronic commerce applications. An IDC report estimates that the volume of commerce over the Internet will increase from approximately $12 billion in 1997 to over $230 billion by 2001. Web technology also represents a potential replacement technology for traditional print and broadcast media and telephone, mail delivery and other communications services. The target hardware platforms for Web applications extend beyond personal computers to encompass a variety of devices such as televisions, telephones, hand-held computers and pagers. Communications service providers, media vendors and other major participants in industries facing encroachment by Web technology have made substantial investments in Web technology and service providers. Recent examples include National Broadcasting Co., Inc.'s MSNBC joint venture with Microsoft, MCI's strategic relationship with Earthlink Network, Inc., and The Walt Disney Company's investment in InfoSeek Corporation. Demand from existing businesses and new Web-based enterprises for Web application software has created a sizable market experiencing strong growth. According to an IDC report, the total business application software market accounted for $50.7 billion in revenue in 1997. According to a Gartner Group survey of selected U.S. corporate information technology users, approximately 92% of all respondents plan to increase spending on intranet and Internet applications in 1998, as corporations migrate applications from legacy platforms to Web technology. An IDC report estimates that Internet-centric software specifically designed for Web technology, which accounted 29 for less than $1 billion in revenue in 1996, will approach $10 billion in revenue by 2000 due to aggressive corporate adoption of Web technology. In response to this growth, the number of Web developers is growing quickly. An IDC report estimates that there were 7 million software developers worldwide at the end of 1996. Of these, 3 million were rapid application development ("RAD"), 4GL and analysis modeling and design developers, who used tools such as Visual Basic and PowerBuilder. The Company believes that many of these developers are converting from enterprise and client-server application development products to Internet-centric products. In addition to the migration of these traditional developers, many other Web developers come from non-traditional application development backgrounds such as page layout, graphics design, and desktop database and spreadsheet programming. IDC estimates that professional Web development tools, including Web page design and Web application development tools, will account for $548 million in license and associated services revenue in 1998 and will grow to more than $1.5 billion in license and associated services revenue by 2002. The Company believes that most existing Web-enabled RAD tools fail to address the unique requirements and challenges faced by Web application developers. Most Web developers are proficient with HTML and many are familiar with XML, core technologies that are specifically designed for the Web platform. The ease of using markup languages such as HTML and XML, which use declarative, English-like tags consisting of a bracketed word with attributes, has enabled a large number of non-traditional programmers to develop complex Web sites. These technologies enable Web applications to unite rich content, traditional business transactions, interactivity and personalization. Because the Web platform is a hybrid between a communications medium and a traditional application environment, the background of many developers drawn to Web development is different from the background of traditional programmers. Web developers rely more heavily on declarative, tag-based development languages than on traditional scripting languages. A number of the programming languages that have migrated from client-server development or have emerged for developing Web applications, such as Perl and JavaScript, however, use a non-declarative scripting syntax. As a result, Web application developers are faced with the prospect of having to code simultaneously in unfamiliar scripting languages and declarative, tag-based languages. At the same time, developers creating Web applications are often required to integrate a variety of enterprise technologies, such as databases, directories, messaging servers, transaction monitors and object middleware. Many of these technologies require the use of complex programming interfaces that are difficult to learn. Adding to the technological challenges facing Web developers is the time challenge created by business demands for compressed development schedules. Cutter Information Corporation estimates that 72% of Web application development projects have a schedule of six months or less, and 14% have a schedule of less than a month. Faced with a shortage of programmers familiar with scripting languages, businesses are increasingly turning to HTML developers who do not have a traditional programming background in order to meet these compressed schedules, producing a new breed of Web application developers and development teams. The Company believes that in order to successfully address Web development requirements, a Web application development environment must provide Web developers with a familiar, easy to use tag-based programming language similar to HTML and XML. Such a language should, when used in conjunction with HTML and XML, provide developers with a flexible and complete application programming environment without requiring them to change programming syntax. Such a language should also include high-level building blocks that encapsulate complex programming interfaces, reducing the amount of code and development time required for interactions with enterprise technologies. The Allaire Solution Allaire is a leading provider of application development and server software for a wide range of Web development, from building static Web pages to developing enterprise-scale interactive Web applications. The Company designed CFML to use the same easy to learn tag and attribute syntax used in HTML and XML. When used in conjunction with HTML and XML, CFML provides developers with a complete Web application programming environment without requiring them to change programming syntax. Using the Company's ColdFusion and HomeSite products and services, professional Web developers can: [bullet] Rapidly create complex Web sites and sophisticated Web applications through the use of CFML; 30 [bullet] Efficiently build high-volume, transaction-oriented Web applications for electronic commerce, business information systems, content publishing and multi-user collaboration; [bullet] Readily integrate leading Internet and enterprise technologies; [bullet] Securely deploy scalable, platform-independent applications over the Internet, across extranets and within intranets; and [bullet] Obtain high-quality education, training and support from the Company and its partners. Allaire Strategy The Company's goal is to be the leading provider of Web development and Web application server products. Key elements of the Company's strategy to attain this goal are: Maximize Market Share. The Company has established significant market presence for its Web development and application server products by providing high-quality products and services at competitive prices and by working to ensure the continuing adoption of its products and the ongoing success of its developer community. The Company plans to continue to seed its HomeSite product broadly throughout the market of Web developers through the Company's "HomeSite Everywhere" marketing program. This program consists of wide electronic distribution of a non-expiring evaluation version of HomeSite and the active pursuit of OEM partnerships. By providing ready access to HomeSite, the Company seeks to establish broad association of the Allaire brand with high quality and highly productive Web development products. As Web developers upgrade from static pages and Web sites to dynamic Web sites and applications, the Company will continue to migrate them from HomeSite to ColdFusion, which uses the same productive development environment and a similar tag-based development approach as HomeSite. To help ensure rapid adoption of its products and ongoing successful use by developers at all skill levels, the Company plans to continue to enhance its Allaire Alliance partner program and to continue to provide rich online information resources, an online gallery of readily available third-party custom CFML tags, and education and training. Support an Open Web Application Architecture. The Company specifically architected its products to be open by supporting development for key Web client and Web server platforms, technologies and protocols, as well as key enterprise and client-server standards. The Company intends to continue to support emerging Web technologies and additional enterprise and client-server technologies, and to continue to provide products with an open and extensible architecture. By enabling the Company's customers to choose among the platforms and technologies that best meet their needs without compromising functionality or performance, the Company believes its products are well positioned as large enterprises and other organizations upgrade legacy mainframe and client-server applications to Web applications. In addition, by enabling customers to preserve investments in legacy technologies, the Company expects to be able to remove many of the potential technological barriers to purchase as it moves from purchases by individual developers to larger standards-based purchases by major corporate customers. Focus on Major Account Sales. The Company believes that successful department-level installations of its products will provide the foundation for more complex and business-critical projects to be deployed across the enterprise. As major accounts increase their investment in application development technologies, the purchasing decision more often includes input from senior managers who base their decisions on business criteria and enterprise standards as well as by developers principally using technical criteria. In order to effectively win larger sales within major accounts, the Company intends to expand the support and coverage of such accounts within its domestic sales force, and to work with systems integrators and other high-profile Web development organizations to more effectively present the business advantages of adopting the Company's Web development and application server technology. As part of the Company's HomeSite Everywhere marketing program, the Company seeks to convert broad adoption within organizations of the non-expiring evaluation version into standards-based volume licenses and site licenses. Expand Channel Distribution. In order to better capitalize on opportunities created by domestic and international markets, the Company intends to expand its channel distribution through distributors, direct and OEM resellers and systems integrators. The Company believes that selling its products through these channel partners gives the Company an opportunity to gain a greater share of emerging markets, enabling more rapid entry and a larger effective presence in such markets, while containing its sales, marketing and distribution costs. In each market, the Company will work to optimize the balance of direct presence and presence through channel partners. 31 Expand Availability of Consulting and Training. The Company intends to enhance and expand the delivery of consulting and training, both directly and through training partners. Making such services widely available enables the Company to benefit from the increasing demand for trained professional Web developers. Such services also are often required for sales to major accounts that intend to develop and deploy complex, large-scale and business-critical Web applications. By offering high-quality consulting and training services, the Company expects to better ensure and enhance its customers' productive and successful use of its products. Maintain Technological Leadership. The Company intends to continue to devote substantial resources to the development and acquisition of new and innovative products for the Web development market. The products developed or acquired by the Company to date are among the earliest and most recognized entrants into the emerging markets for Web application server technology and Web development software. From its earliest days, the Company believes it has been able to leverage its understanding of the market opportunity for Web development products, its innovation, and the active support of its developer base into productive and successful application server products. The Company intends to continue to use these core strengths to introduce additional innovative products for the development and deployment of open, scalable and secure Web applications. Products The Company has two product brands, HomeSite, an HTML design tool, and ColdFusion, an integrated Web development environment and Web application server product line. The Company's products enable professional Web developers to build high-volume, transaction-oriented Web sites and Web applications for electronic commerce, business information systems, content publishing and multi-user collaboration. To date, substantially all of the Company's software license fees revenue has been from sales of licenses of ColdFusion 3.1, HomeSite 3.0 and earlier versions of these products. The Company intends to introduce versions 4.0 of ColdFusion and HomeSite by the end of 1998. The discussion and chart below describe the Company's products. HomeSite HomeSite is a leading HTML design tool, which is principally used for the creation of static Web sites. More than 80,000 licenses of HomeSite 3.0 and earlier versions have been sold to date. HomeSite 3.0 and earlier versions have won the 1998 Web Techniques Editors' Choice Award; the Win 100 Award from Windows Magazine; PC Magazine's Editors' Choice Award; Internet Computing Magazine's 'Net Best' Award; and CNET's Internet Excellence Award. HomeSite 4.0 runs on Microsoft Windows NT, Windows 95 and Windows 98. ColdFusion ColdFusion is a leading cross-platform Web application development system. ColdFusion includes an integrated development environment, ColdFusion Studio, and a Web application server, ColdFusion Server. More than 20,000 application server licenses of ColdFusion 3.1 and earlier versions have been sold to date. ColdFusion 3.1 won a 1998 Codie Award for software excellence from the Software Publishers Association. ColdFusion Studio 4.0. ColdFusion Studio is the integrated development environment for ColdFusion. Based on HomeSite, ColdFusion Studio allows developers to preserve development skills as well as individual projects as they move from developing static Web pages and sites to dynamic Web sites and Web applications. ColdFusion Studio 4.0 runs on Microsoft Windows NT, Windows 95 and Windows 98. ColdFusion Server 4.0. ColdFusion Server 4.0 is an open, scalable and secure Web application server. A Web application server is a software program that hosts applications to be accessed by Web browsers and other client devices and that enables applications to access enterprise servers and legacy systems. Web applications built with ColdFusion range from simple database-driven pages to full electronic commerce solutions deployed on intranets, extranets and the Internet. ColdFusion Server 4.0 is available in two editions: Professional and Enterprise. Each edition includes one copy of ColdFusion Studio 4.0 and runs on Windows NT. In addition, the Enterprise edition runs on Sun Solaris. 32 Product (Suggested List Price)(1) Description Typical Applications Target Users - ------------------------- ------------------------------- ---------------------------- -------------------------- HomeSite 4.0 HTML page design and High-quality static Professional Web Web site development tool corporate Web sites developers Features an intuitive Web development graphical interface team managers - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ColdFusion An integrated development Business systems (HR, Professional Web Studio 4.0 environment with a financial, customer application developers number of visual tools for support) creating Web applications Enterprise and client- Electronic commerce server programmers Includes the award- (stores, business to winning HomeSite HTML business) design tool HTML and desktop database developers Dynamic content Features include publishing (document Development team interactive debugging, management, dynamic managers remote development news and personalized capabilities and one-step information) deployment Collaboration (discussion, Team development support project and workflow management) - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ColdFusion Server Supports up to four Business intranets and Large enterprises Professional 4.0 processors and allows an extranets unlimited number of Large systems integrators concurrent users Field office extranets New Web-based Features include open Single server applications businesses state repository and shared using a relational database server security ISPs Access to any ODBC and OLE-DB data source - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ColdFusion Server Supports up to eight High volume business- Large enterprises Enterprise 4.0 processors and allows an critical commerce sites unlimited number of and applications Large systems integrators concurrent users Enterprise intranet New Web-based Includes all Professional 4.0 applications businesses features, plus features required for large scale ISPs applications, including Enterprise applications clustering, load balancing requiring native database and automatic fail over and drivers or CORBA CORBA support Sybase, Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server native database drivers (1)Pricing for the Company's 4.0 products is to be determined. The suggested retail price for HomeSite 3.0 is $89 packaged, $79 download; for ColdFusion Studio 3.1 it is $295 per developer seat; and for ColdFusion Server Professional 3.1 it is $995 per server. ColdFusion Server Professional 3.1 does not include a copy of ColdFusion Studio. The Company's current product line has no counterpart to ColdFusion Server Enterprise 4.0. 33 Technology The Company's products and services enable professional Web developers to build high-volume, transaction-oriented Web sites and Web applications for electronic commerce, business information systems, content publishing and multi-user collaboration. The Company's technology enables businesses to overcome Web development challenges by making professional Web developers more productive in developing Web sites and applications, by enabling Web sites and applications to readily incorporate key emerging Web platforms and technologies, and by enabling these sites and applications, once deployed, to be scalable and secure. Productive Development The Company's technology is focused on increasing the productivity of professional Web developers and development teams. ColdFusion includes a number of innovative features to enhance individual and team development productivity, including the easy to use, tag-based CFML, an integrated development environment and team development capabilities. CFML is the Company's tag-based server programming language. CFML uses the same tag and attribute syntax as HTML and XML. HTML is the tag-based markup language used for creating the majority of static Web pages and interfaces for dynamic Web applications. HTML is easy to learn and use, consisting of a limited number of descriptive tags, each with a limited number of possible attributes. As a result, a large number of people have been able to learn and use HTML professionally to develop static Web pages and Web sites. XML is a rapidly emerging markup language which uses the same tag and attribute syntax as HTML for structuring and manipulating data on the Web platform. Web developers rely more heavily on declarative tag-based development languages than on traditional scripting languages. A number of the programming languages that have migrated from client-server development or have emerged for developing Web applications, such as Perl and JavaScript, however, use a non-declarative scripting syntax. As a result, Web application developers are faced with the prospect of having to code simultaneously in unfamiliar scripting languages and declarative, tag-based languages. At the same time, developers creating Web applications are often required to integrate a variety of enterprise technologies, such as databases, directories, messaging servers, transaction monitors and object middleware. Many of these technologies require the use of complex programming interfaces that are difficult to learn. CFML's similarity to HTML and XML makes it easy to learn and use, particularly for Web developers who are familiar with HTML and are driving the adoption of XML. When used in conjunction with HTML for creating user interfaces and XML for data manipulation, CFML provides developers with a complete application programming environment without requiring them to change programming syntax. CFML tags also include high-level building blocks that encapsulate complex processes to reduce programming effort and the amount of code and development time required for advanced interactions with enterprise servers, such as database, messaging, directory, Web and file servers. 34 Code Example The example below illustrates the declarative nature of CFML syntax and the encapsulation of interaction with a database server. It compares the CFML code required with the code required to accomplish the same result using a scripting language, in this case JavaScript. This database retrieval example demonstrates the code required to connect to a database, retrieve a list of employees and output the list ordered by department, displaying the first name and last name with one record per line. [CODE EXAMPLES] CFML Code [Descriptive Computer Directives -- CFML Code] JavaScript Code [Descriptive Computer Directives -- JavaScript Code] [/CODE EXAMPLES] 35 The Company's HomeSite 4.0 and ColdFusion 4.0 products provide a visual editing environment to enable professional Web developers to quickly build state-of-the-art static Web sites and dynamic Web applications. Both tools provide two-way visual programming, which enables Web developers to prototype and modify pages from within a visual representation of the page itself. In addition, ColdFusion Studio includes visual debugging capabilities. However, unlike the "what-you-see-is-what-you-get," or WYSIWYG, tools, HomeSite and ColdFusion Studio include graphical support only where it is likely to enhance productivity, and focus on code development and maintaining the integrity of code generated in the graphical editing mode. HomeSite and ColdFusion Studio both include a number of additional productivity enhancements, and support emerging Web technologies, including JavaScript, cascading style sheets, dynamic HTML, or DHTML, and XML. ColdFusion team development features permit geographically dispersed Web development teams to work together productively and securely on large projects across servers distributed throughout multiple locations. Open Integration The Company specifically designs its products to be open by supporting key Web client and Web server software platforms, technologies and protocols, as well as key enterprise and client-server standards. ColdFusion is fully integrated with a broad range of Internet protocols and technologies, enabling developers to incorporate these technologies in ColdFusion applications through the use of straightforward CFML tags. The CFML tag for XML supports automatic parsing of XML data into CFML variables and the translation of query record sets into XML. ColdFusion 4.0 enables interaction with any open database connectivity, or ODBC, compliant relational database with a single CFQUERY tag. ColdFusion also contains native database drivers for Oracle, Sybase or Microsoft SQL Server and support for object linking and embedding database, or OLE-DB, which permits ColdFusion applications to utilize additional datasource types such as Lotus Notes and Microsoft Exchange. Additional tags enable interaction with other servers, such as mail servers, for groupware and workflow applications. ColdFusion supports a number of methods for extending ColdFusion applications to interoperate with legacy systems and other enterprise technologies. ColdFusion natively supports application components built using cross-platform enterprise component object standards. CFML is also extensible through ColdFusion extensions ("CFXs"). CFXs can be used to extend the functionality provided by the Company's core set of tags or to create a multi-tier component application architecture in which advanced programmers can encapsulate complex logic or database interaction into component building blocks to be used by other developers. Scalable, Secure Deployment To successfully support large volume sites and transaction-intensive applications, a Web application development system requires performance, availability and scalability from the application server. ColdFusion 4.0 provides a high degree of cross-platform performance and fault-tolerance from individual servers and multiple server clusters. ColdFusion runs as a 32-bit multithreaded system service, which permits applications to experience an increase in processing performance as processors are added to the server. Clusters of multiple ColdFusion servers significantly enhance an application's availability and scalability. ColdFusion automatically balances load among servers deployed in a cluster, so that performance is optimized. ColdFusion permits a cluster deployment to store client state information in a shared repository, so it will not be lost when a server fails. If any machine in the cluster fails or is heavily loaded, ColdFusion automatically transfers its responsibilities to one of the remaining servers. Because ColdFusion clusters use a software-based system for load balancing and fail-over, there is no single point of failure. 36 ColdFusion provides a complete set of features for securely deploying applications. Principal among these is the ability of ColdFusion to restrict access to specific resources needed to run an application, including directories, files, databases, and components. These multiple applications on the same server cannot access another application's resources. Other security features include authentication and encryption for commercial Web applications. Applications Built Using ColdFusion The Company believes that ColdFusion is well suited for a wide range of Web application development projects. ColdFusion is particularly appropriate for projects that have a short development cycle, mix rich content with transactions, require interactivity and personalization and require deployment to a variety of Web browsers from multiple server platforms. Although ColdFusion is used to build a wide range of applications, the majority of ColdFusion applications fall into four basic categories: electronic commerce, business information systems, content publishing and multi-user collaboration. The following are examples of applications built by the Company's customers using ColdFusion: autobytel.com autobytel.com is the leading automobile Internet electronic commerce Web site. autobytel.com enables consumers to research car and truck model specifications, incentives, dealer invoice prices and promotions and to apply for financing, purchase automobiles and obtain insurance online. According to autobytel.com, its site has aided more than 1.5 million car buyers in their search for a vehicle. autobytel.com also includes a dealer extranet that enables more than 2,700 accredited dealer franchises to access autobytel.com to check the status of sales and financing, receive news and upload inventory information and pictures. In 1996, autobytel.com sought to migrate its static Web pages to dynamic, transaction-oriented content. After evaluating several products based on their ability to provide a rapid application development environment, scalability and database integration capabilities, autobytel.com selected ColdFusion. During development, autobytel.com used a team development approach, using a dedicated database team to write SQL statement components which were then incorporated into the Web site by a separate Web team. autobytel.com employs more than 20 clustered ColdFusion 3.1 servers. In January 1998, during Super Bowl XXXII, autobytel.com ran a television ad promoting its online service. The clustered ColdFusion servers enabled autobytel.com to handle loads many times greater than normal in response to the ad and, as a result, to complete a greater number of purchase transactions. Internal Revenue Service The IRS Compliance Division uses ColdFusion for an information delivery extranet serving field offices agency-wide. The application, built and deployed for the IRS by Booz, Allen, enables employees to search and retrieve research materials, which include more than 200,000 pages of reports dating back 30 years, without traveling to the main IRS library in Washington, DC. The application also includes online project management, time reporting, meetings and help desk. Through the applications, agents can create content, publish news and information, assign tasks, share documents, schedule events and communicate regarding various projects. SmartMoney Interactive SmartMoney Interactive, a joint venture of Dow Jones & Company, Inc. and Hearst Publishing Corporation, is an online publication that provides financial data services and personalized online financial tools. SmartMoney Interactive uses ColdFusion to generate personalized portfolio and investment information and for site management. It integrates content from a number of financial data sources, including quotes from a quote server, news from a wire feed and data from a stock and mutual fund database. Using ColdFusion, SmartMoney completed development within five months. As part of the development process, SmartMoney created a number of ColdFusion extensions, including a single CFX tag to retrieve live, 20-minute delayed quotes from a PC Quote quote server system. This custom tag encapsulated the complexity of accessing and retrieving data from the PC Quote system, simplifying and accelerating the development process. Anticipating more than 100,000 site visits and nearly 1 million page requests per day, SmartMoney also required the publication to be highly scalable. ColdFusion has scaled as the site's traffic has increased, both on 37 average and during periods of high demand, such as during the significant market drop in October 1997. As deployed, SmartMoney uses a front-end cluster of four Web servers running ColdFusion for dynamic content, which interfaces with two back-end database servers, one serving as a data warehouse and one for managing personalized content for more than 60,000 SmartMoney users. Research and Development The Company devotes a substantial portion of its resources to developing new products and product features, extending and improving its products and technology, and strengthening its technological expertise. During 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, the Company expended approximately $2.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, on research and development. The Company intends to continue to devote substantial resources toward research and development. As of June 30, 1998, the Company had 24 employees engaged in research and development activities. The Company must hire additional skilled software engineers to further its research and development efforts. The Company's business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if it is not able to hire and retain the required number of engineers. Sales, Marketing and Distribution The Company markets and sells its products and services to professional Web developers using a combination of direct and indirect distribution channels, including a corporate sales force, domestic and international distribution, electronic commerce and sales through partners. During 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, 28% and 39%, respectively, of the Company's total revenue was generated through the indirect distribution channel. As of June 30, 1998, the Company had 56 sales and marketing employees worldwide. Corporate Sales Force. The Company's corporate account sales force focuses on sales to corporate customers worldwide. Corporate account sales can be filled either directly from the Company or through the Company's distribution partners. The corporate account sales force is comprised of field representatives and telesales representatives. The field representatives market and sell to corporate customers primarily interested in server products for commercial Internet Web sites or intranets. The telesales representatives develop and pursue leads generated from inquiries on the Company's Web sites and from downloads of its application server products. Indirect Distribution. The Company has a number of domestic and international distributors and resellers that market and sell the Company's products. As of June 30, 1998, the Company had 19 distributors in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific, including Ingram and Mitsubishi Corporation. In addition, as of June 30, 1998, the Company had over 500 corporate and catalog resellers, OEMs and VARs. The Company has an OEM agreement with Macromedia pursuant to which HomeSite is bundled with Macromedia's Dreamweaver and an OEM agreement with NetObjects pursuant to which HomeSite is bundled with NetObjects Fusion. None of the Company's distribution partners have exclusive distribution rights. Electronic Commerce. The Company's Web site allows users to download, evaluate and purchase the Company's products. A number of third-party electronic commerce sites, including CNET's Buydirect.com, software.net, RealStore.com, Deerfield.com and JapanMarket.com, distribute commercial copies of the Company's products for delivery by direct download. Electronic distribution provides the Company with a low-cost, globally accessible, 24-hour sales channel. Allaire Alliance. The Company believes that establishing a large community of active users of its products and technology representing key segments of the Web platform is critical to its success. To further the development of this community, the Company has established the Allaire Alliance program. Allaire Alliance members include solution developers, application developers and ISPs, as well as the distributors, corporate and catalog resellers, OEMs and VARs referenced above. The Company typically enters into written agreements with its Allaire Alliance members. These agreements typically do not provide for firm financial commitments from the member, but are intended to establish the basis upon which the parties will work together to achieve mutually beneficial objectives. As of June 30, 1998, the Allaire Alliance had over 1,000 members. Marketing Programs. The Company engages in a broad range of marketing activities, including sponsoring seminars for potential customers, participating in trade shows and conferences, providing product information through the Company's Web site, promoting special events and advertising the Company's products and services 38 in print and electronic media. During the six months ended June 30, 1998, the Company held 60 seminars in 43 cities. The Company's marketing programs are aimed at informing customers of the capabilities and benefits of the Company's products and services, increasing brand name awareness, stimulating demand across all market segments and encouraging independent software developers to develop products and applications that are compatible with the Company's products and technology. Customers The Company's products are marketed and distributed to a diverse group of customers, ranging from small, independent consultants and Internet presence providers to corporate developers and large enterprise information technology departments. Many of the Company's customers are larger enterprises that use the Company's products to create Web sites and Web applications for custom electronic commerce, business information systems, content publishing and multi-user collaboration for intranet and extranet use. From January 1, 1997 through June 30, 1998, the Company recognized revenue from sales to more than 20% of the Fortune 500 companies (based on 1997 revenue). End user customers from which the Company has recognized in excess of $25,000 in revenue include the following: Australian Trade Commission AT&T Corporation Boeing Booz, Allen Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation Hewlett-Packard Intel JC Penney Lockheed Martin Lucent MCI Microsoft SBC Communications State Street Global Advisors United Kingdom Ltd. United Space Alliance UPS UUNet Technologies, Inc. Visa International Service Association Revenue from customers outside North America, primarily Asia and Europe, were approximately 17%, 20% and 14% of total revenue in 1996 and 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, respectively. Sales by the Company to Ingram accounted for approximately 22% of the Company's total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 1998. No single customer accounted for 10% of the Company's total revenue for 1996 or 1997. Support and Professional Services The Company offers a broad range of support and training services to its customers. The Company believes that providing a high level of customer service and technical support is necessary to achieve rapid product implementation which, in turn, is essential to customer satisfaction and continued license sales and revenue growth. The Company's customers have a choice of support options depending on the level of service desired. The Company maintains a technical support hotline staffed by engineers from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern time, Monday through Friday, from the Company's corporate office in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Internationally, the Company's distribution partners provide telephone support to customers with technical assistance from the Company. The Company's support staff also responds to e-mail inquiries. The Company tracks support requests through a series of customer databases, including current status reports and historical customer interaction logs. The Company uses customer feedback as a source of ideas for product improvements and enhancements. The Company provides training in the use of its products through classroom instruction at its Cambridge facility and at authorized training centers throughout North America and in Japan and Europe. The Company also provides free multimedia online training. As of June 30, 1998, the Company had 23 customer service representatives and technical support engineers. Competition The Web development products market is intensely competitive, subject to rapid change and significantly affected by new product introductions and other activities of market participants. Primary competitors include large Web and database platform companies that offer a variety of software products, such as Microsoft, IBM, Netscape Communications Corporation, Sun, Oracle, Sybase, Symantec Corporation, Informix Software and Inprise Corporation 39 (formerly Borland International Inc.). In addition, the Company experiences competition from a number of medium-sized and start-up companies that have introduced or are developing Web development products, such as NetDynamics, Inc., which has agreed to be acquired by Sun, Vignette Corp., HAHT Software, Inc., GoLive Systems Inc., Broadvision, Inc. and SilverStream Software, Inc. In addition, the Company has strategic relationships with Macromedia and NetObjects. In some cases, these Web development products vendors compete with the Company, and there can be no assurance that these strategic relationships will continue. The Company believes that additional competitors may enter the market with competing products as the size and visibility of the market opportunity increases. Increased competition could result in pricing pressures, reduced margins or the failure of the Company's products to achieve or maintain market acceptance, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. Many of the Company's current and potential competitors have longer operating histories and substantially greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than the Company and therefore may be able to respond more quickly than the Company to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements. Many of these competitors also have broader and more established distribution channels that may be used to deliver competing products directly to customers through bundling or other means. If such competitors were to bundle competing products with their products, the demand for the Company's products might be substantially reduced and the ability of the Company to distribute its products successfully would be substantially diminished. New technologies and the expansion of existing technologies will likely increase the competitive pressures on the Company. There can be no assurance that competing technologies developed by market participants or the emergence of new industry standards will not adversely affect the Company's competitive position or render its products or technologies noncompetitive or obsolete. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, there can be no assurance that the Company will compete effectively with current or future competitors or that competitive pressures faced by the Company will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. Competitive factors in the Web development products market include the quality and reliability of software; features for creating, editing and adapting content; ease of use and interactive user features; application server scalability, availability and performance; cost per user; and compatibility with the user's existing network components and software systems. To expand its user base and further enhance the user experience, the Company must continue to innovate and improve the performance of its products. The Company anticipates that consolidation will continue in the Web development products industry and related industries such as computer software, media and communications. Consequently, competitors may be acquired by, receive investments from or enter into other commercial relationships with, larger, well-established and well-financed companies. There can be no assurance that the Company can establish or sustain a leadership position in this market segment. Intellectual Property The Company's success and competitiveness are dependent to a significant degree on the development and protection of its proprietary technology. The Company relies primarily on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, licenses, trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect its intellectual property and trade secrets. The Company also enters into confidentiality agreements with its employees and consultants, and generally controls access to and distribution of its documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise attain and use the Company's intellectual property or trade secrets without authorization. In addition, the Company relies in part on "shrinkwrap" and "clickwrap" licenses that are not signed by the end user and, therefore, may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions. Moreover, the laws of other countries in which the Company markets its products may afford the Company little or no effective protection of its intellectual property. There can be no assurance that the precautions taken by the Company will prevent misappropriation or infringement of its technology. A failure by the Company to protect its intellectual property in a meaningful manner could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, there can be no assurance that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent intellectual property. The Company attempts to avoid infringing known proprietary rights of third parties in its product development efforts. However, the Company has not conducted and does not conduct comprehensive patent searches to determine whether the technology used in its products infringes patents held by third parties. In addition, it is difficult to proceed with certainty in a rapidly evolving technological environment in which there may be numerous patent applications pending, many of them which are confidential when filed, with regard to similar technologies. If the Company were to discover that its products violated third party proprietary rights, there can be no assurance that it would be able to obtain licenses to continue offering such products without substantial 40 reengineering or that any effort to undertake such reengineering would be successful, or that any licenses would be available on commercially reasonable terms. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce the Company's intellectual property rights, to protect the Company's trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, either of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company pursues the registration of certain of its trademarks and service marks in the United States and in certain other countries, although it has not secured registration of all its marks. The Company has registered United States trademarks for "Cold Fusion" and a related design, and has an application pending for a United States trademark for "HomeSite." A significant portion of the Company's marks contain the word "Fusion" (such as ColdFusion). The Company is aware of other companies that use "Fusion" in their marks alone or in combination with other words, and the Company does not expect to be able to prevent third party uses of the word "Fusion" for competing goods and services. For example, NetObjects markets its principal products for designing, building and updating Web sites under the names "NetObjects Fusion" and "NetObjects Team Fusion." In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect the Company's proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States, and effective patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection may not be available in such jurisdictions. The Company licenses certain of its proprietary rights to third parties, and there can be no assurance that such licensees will not fail to abide by compliance and quality control guidelines with respect to such proprietary rights or take actions that would materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. See "Risk Factors--Risks Associated with Uncertain Brand Development." The Company currently licenses technology from third parties that it incorporates into its products. Examples include licenses from Microsoft for certain visual editing technology, from Bright Tiger Technologies for certain load balancing and failover technology, from Netegrity, Inc. for certain security technology and from Verity, Inc. for full-text indexing and searching technology. In light of the rapidly evolving nature of the Web platform and the Company's strategy to pursue industry partnerships to ensure its support of and by the emerging platform, the Company will increasingly need to rely on technology that it licenses from other vendors which is integrated with internally developed software and used in the Company's products to perform key functions. Microsoft and other such technology partners are also significant competitors in the Web development products market. There can be no assurance that technology from others will continue to be available to the Company on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. The loss or inability to access such technology could result in delays in development and introduction of new products or enhancements by the Company until equivalent or replacement technology could be accessed, if available, or developed, if feasible, by the Company, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, although the Company is generally indemnified against claims that such third party technology infringes the proprietary rights of others, such indemnification is not always available for all types of intellectual property rights (for example, patents may be excluded) and in some cases the scope of such indemnification is limited. Even if the Company receives broad indemnification, third party indemnitors are not always well capitalized and may not be able to indemnify the Company in the event of infringement, resulting in substantial exposure to the Company. There can be no assurance that infringement or invalidity claims arising from the incorporation of third party technology, and claims for indemnification from the Company's customers resulting from such claims, will not be asserted or prosecuted against the Company. Such claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources in addition to potential product redevelopment costs and delays, all of which could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. Employees As of June 30, 1998, the Company had 137 employees, 125 of whom were based at the Company's headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts. None of the Company's employees is subject to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company believes that its relations with its employees are good. Facilities The Company's headquarters is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Company has two leases for approximately 125,000 square feet of space in separate office buildings in Cambridge. The first lease, which covers approximately 90,000 square feet of space, expires in 2003. The second lease, which covers approximately 35,000 41 square feet of space, expires in 2004. The Company has an option to extend the second lease for an additional five year term. The Company also leases office space in other cities for its sales personnel. The Company believes that these existing facilities are adequate to meet its current foreseeable requirements or that suitable additional or substitute space will be available on commercially reasonable terms. Legal Proceedings From time to time the Company has been, and expects to continue to be, subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of its business, including claims of alleged infringement of third party trademarks and other intellectual property rights by the Company and its licensees. Such claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. The Company is not aware of any legal proceedings or claims that it believes will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations. 42 MANAGEMENT Executive Officers and Directors The executive officers and directors of the Company, and their ages and positions, are as follows: Name Age Position ---- --- -------- David J. Orfao ............. 39 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director Joseph J. Allaire .......... 28 Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President, Products David A. Gerth ............. 46 Vice President, Finance and Operations, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer Amy E. Lewis ............... 40 Vice President, Worldwide Sales Jack P. Lull ............... 39 Vice President, Engineering and Development Maria Morrissey ............ 40 Vice President, Worldwide Services and Support Jonathan A. Flint .......... 47 Director John J. Gannon ............. 44 Director Thomas A. Herring .......... 47 Director Mitchell Kapor ............. 47 Director Peter R. Roberts ........... 43 Director David J. Orfao has served the Company as President and Chief Executive Officer and as a director since February 1997. From 1995 until December 1996, Mr. Orfao served as Senior Vice President, Worldwide Sales, Marketing and Service for SQA, Inc. From 1993 until 1995, he served as Senior Vice President, Worldwide Sales, Support and Channel Marketing for Claris Corporation. Prior to that, Mr. Orfao held a series of sales and operational positions of increasing responsibility at Frame Technology Corporation since 1988. Joseph J. Allaire founded the Company in May 1995 and served as Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President from inception to January 1997. Since January 1997, Mr. Allaire has continued to serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors, as well as Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President, Products. From September 1993 to June 1995, Mr. Allaire performed software engineering services for several private companies. David A. Gerth has served the Company as Vice President, Finance and Operations, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since April 1997. From November 1995 to April 1997, Mr. Gerth served as Chief Financial Officer for Visibility Software, Inc., a software company. From July 1995 to November 1995, he served as Chief Financial Officer for Computron Software, Inc., a software company. From April 1994 to July 1995, Mr. Gerth served as Director of Finance for Powersoft Corporation. Prior to that, Mr. Gerth served in a number of financial roles of increasing responsibility for Computervision Corporation since 1981. Amy E. Lewis has served the Company as Vice President, Worldwide Sales since April 1997. From June 1995 to March 1997, Ms. Lewis served as Director, North America Field Sales for Claris Corporation. Prior to that, Ms. Lewis served as Manager, North America Channel Sales for Apple Computer since April 1994. From February 1987 to December 1993, she was Director of Sales for Farallon Communications, Inc., a networking hardware and software company. Jack P. Lull has served the Company as Vice President, Engineering and Development since December 1996. From January 1996 to August 1996, Mr. Lull served as Director of Development for Integrated Industrial Information, Inc., a computer consulting company. From January 1993 to December 1995, Mr. Lull served as Director of Development for Powersoft Corporation. Maria Morrissey has served the Company as Vice President, Worldwide Services and Support since September 1996. From February 1996 to July 1996, Ms. Morrissey served as Vice President, Product Development 43 for Computer Channel, Inc., an education software company. From December 1992 to January 1996, she served as Director, Professional Services for Powersoft Corporation. Jonathan A. Flint has served as a director of the Company since June 1996. Since June 1996, Mr. Flint has been a member of Polaris Venture Management Co., LLC, a management company affiliated with the Polaris entities. Prior to that, Mr. Flint was a General Partner of certain funds managed by Burr, Egan, Deleage & Co., a venture capital firm. John J. Gannon has served as a director of the Company since December 1996. Since June 1998, Mr. Gannon has served as Chief Financial Officer of North Star Ventures Management, Inc., a management company affiliated with the Polaris entities. From June 1996 to April 1998, Mr. Gannon served as the Chief Financial Officer for Firefly Network, Inc., an Internet software company. From October 1992 to June 1996, Mr. Gannon worked for Powersoft Corporation, where he held several positions including Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Finance and Administration. Thomas A. Herring has served as a director of the Company since June 1997. Since December 1997, Mr. Herring has served as Senior Vice President of Compuware Corporation, which acquired Nu-Mega Technologies, Inc. ("Nu-Mega") in December 1997. From May 1996 to December 1997, Mr. Herring was the President and Chief Executive Officer of Nu-Mega. From July 1995 to June 1996, Mr. Herring was Vice President of Corporate Marketing for Sybase. Prior to that, he was Vice President, Worldwide Marketing and Business Development for Powersoft Corporation since June 1990. Mr. Herring also serves as a director of PSW Technologies, Inc. Mitchell Kapor has served as a director of the Company since March 1997. Mr. Kapor co-founded the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a nonprofit Internet organization, in 1990, and served as its Chairman from 1993 to 1995 and as a director from 1995 to 1996. Mr. Kapor designed Lotus 1-2-3, and founded Lotus Development Corporation in 1982 and served as its President and Chief Executive Officer from 1982 to 1986. Mr. Kapor also serves as a director of RealNetworks, Inc. Peter R. Roberts has served as a director of the Company since June 1997. Since January 1993, Mr. Roberts has been a managing director of BancBoston Ventures Inc., a private equity investment company. Executive officers of the Company are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. There are no family relationships among any of the executive officers or directors of the Company. Committees of the Board of Directors The Board of Directors has a Compensation Committee, which sets objectives and policies for the Company's compensation programs for executives and key employees. Such objectives and policies include, but are not limited to, attracting and retaining superior talent, rewarding individual performance and achieving the Company's financial goals. The Compensation Committee also administers the Company's 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, 1998 Stock Incentive Plan and 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and approves the compensation of all officers and key employees of the Company. The Compensation Committee currently consists of Messrs. Flint and Gannon. The Board of Directors also has an Audit Committee, which reviews the scope and results of the audit and other services provided by the independent auditors. The Audit Committee currently consists of Messrs. Flint and Gannon. Director Compensation Directors of the Company are reimbursed for expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board of Directors. Directors of the Company generally are not paid any separate fees for serving as directors. On December 31, 1996, the Company granted to Mr. Gannon an option to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $.50 per share. On March 21, 1997, the Company granted to Mr. Kapor an option to purchase 35,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $.50 per share. On June 18, 1997, the Company granted to Mr. Herring an option to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $.50 per share. These options become exercisable for shares of Common Stock not subject to repurchase by the Company according to the following schedule: 25% of the option shares one year from the grant date, and 1/36 of the remaining shares on the first of each month thereafter for 36 months. These options have maximum terms of 10 years measured from the grant date, subject to earlier termination following the cessation of the respective director's Board service. 44 Executive Compensation The following table sets forth the total compensation paid or accrued for 1997 for the Company's Chief Executive Officer and the four other most highly compensated executive officers who were employed by the Company at December 31, 1997 (collectively, the "Named Executive Officers"): Summary Compensation Table Long-Term Compensation Annual Compensation Awards ------------------------------------- --------------------- Number of Securities Name and Principal Position Salary Bonus Underlying Options - ------------------------------------------------ ----------------- ----------------- --------------------- David J. Orfao ................................. $ 134,155(1) $ 149,500(2) 560,000(3) President, Chief Executive Officer and Director Joseph J. Allaire (4) .......................... $ 155,251 $ 15,500 0 Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Technology Officer and Executive Vice President, Products Amy E. Lewis ................................... $ 83,771(5) $ 59,700(6) 105,000 Vice President, Worldwide Sales Jack P. Lull ................................... $ 119,824 $ 13,200 0 Vice President, Engineering and Development Maria Morrissey ................................ $ 120,152 $ 18,200 0 Vice President, Worldwide Services and Support - ------------ (1) David J. Orfao joined the Company as President and Chief Executive Officer in February 1997. Mr. Orfao's annualized 1997 salary was $160,000. (2) Represents the intrinsic value of a below-market option granted to Mr. Orfao in 1998 in lieu of a cash bonus for services rendered in 1997. (3) Includes 50,000 shares of Common Stock underlying a below-market option granted in 1998 in lieu of a cash bonus for services rendered in 1997. (4) Joseph J. Allaire served as President and Chief Executive Officer until February 1997. (5) Amy E. Lewis joined the Company as Vice President, Worldwide Sales in April 1997. Ms. Lewis' annualized 1997 salary was $110,000. (6) Represents bonuses and commissions. Option Grants in Last Fiscal Year The following table sets forth grants of stock options to each of the Named Executive Officers during 1997. No stock appreciation rights were granted during 1997. Individual Grants ----------------------------------------------------- Potential Realizable Number of Percent of Value at Assumed Securities Total Options Exercise Annual Rates of Underlying Granted to or Base Stock Price Options Employees in Price Expiration Appreciation for Granted Fiscal Year Per Share Date Option Term (1) ------------ --------------- ----------- ------------ ----------------------- 5% 10% ----------- ----------- David J. Orfao ............ 510,000 34.6% $ 0.50 2/07/07 $160,368 $406,404 Joseph J. Allaire ......... 0 -- -- -- -- -- Amy E. Lewis .............. 105,000 7.1% $ 0.50 4/18/07 $ 33,017 $ 83,671 Jack P. Lull .............. 0 -- -- -- -- -- Maria Morrissey ........... 0 -- -- -- -- -- - ------------ (1) Amounts reported in these columns represent hypothetical values that may be realized upon exercise of the options immediately prior to the expiration of their term assuming the specified compound rates of appreciation (5% and 10%) compounded annually over the term of the option. These numbers are calculated based on rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Actual gains, if 45 any, on stock option exercises and Common Stock holdings are dependent on the timing of such exercise and the future performance of the Common Stock. There can be no assurance that the rates of appreciation assumed in this table can be achieved or that the amounts reflected will be received by the individuals. Option Exercises and Fiscal Year-End Values The following table sets forth certain information regarding exercisable and unexercisable stock options held as of December 31, 1997 by each of the Named Executive Officers. There were no options exercised by the Named Executive Officers in 1997. Number of Securities Value of Unexercised Underlying Unexercised In-the-Money Options Options at Year-End at Fiscal Year-End (1) ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Exercisable Unexercisable (2) Exercisable Unexercisable (2) ------------- ------------------- ------------- ------------------ David J. Orfao ............ -- 510,000 $ -- $127,500 Joseph J. Allaire ......... --- -- $ -- $ -- Amy E. Lewis .............. -- 105,000 $ -- $ 26,250 Jack P. Lull .............. 71,875 158,125 $17,969 $ 39,531 Maria Morrissey ........... 35,625 78,375 $ 8,906 $ 19,594 - ------------ (1) There was no public trading market for the Common Stock as of December 31, 1997. Accordingly, these values have been calculated by determining the difference between the estimated fair market value of the Company's Common Stock, as set by the Board of Directors, underlying the option as of December 31, 1997 ($0.75 per share) and the exercise price per share payable upon exercise of such options. (2) These options were exercisable at December 31, 1997. However, shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of these options would be subject to the Company's right to repurchase at the option exercise price. Such right of repurchase would expire according to the original option vesting schedule. Severance Arrangement; Change in Control Arrangements Mr. Orfao is entitled to continue to receive his base salary and benefits for 12 months in the event he is involuntarily terminated for reasons other than cause. Additionally, Mr. Orfao is entitled to accelerated vesting of his unvested options to purchase Common Stock in the event there is a change in control, as defined in Mr. Orfao's option agreement, of the Company and (i) he is terminated without cause within six months of the change in control, (ii) he is not offered a position with the successor comparable to his current position with the Company after the change in control, or (iii) he is removed from a comparable position within six months of the change in control. The 1997 Stock Incentive Plan and the underlying option agreements provide for the accelerated vesting of all unvested options and other rights granted pursuant to the plan in the event there is a merger or consolidation involving the Company, unless appropriate provision shall be made for outstanding options and other rights by the substitution of options, stock appreciation rights and appropriate voting common stock of the corporation surviving any such merger or consolidation (or the parent of such surviving corporation). Benefit Plans 1997 Stock Incentive Plan In 1997, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted and the Company's stockholders approved the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended, the "1997 Option Plan"). A total of 1,726,000 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for issuance under the 1997 Option Plan. The 1997 Option Plan authorizes (i) the grant of options to purchase Common Stock intended to qualify as incentive stock options ("Incentive Options"), as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") and (ii) the grant of options that do not so qualify ("Nonqualified Options"). The exercise price of Incentive Options granted under the 1997 Option Plan must be at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock of the Company on the date of grant. The exercise price of Incentive Options granted to an optionee who owns stock possessing more than 10% of the voting power of the Company's outstanding capital stock must be at least equal to 110% of the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant, and such optionee must exercise his or her Option within five years from the date of the grant of such Option. The exercise price of Nonqualified Options granted under the 1997 Option Plan must be at least equal to 50% of the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant. The 1997 Option Plan provides, that, upon a merger or consolidation of the Company, all outstanding Plan options and other 46 awards must be substituted for with similar options or awards of the corporation surviving any such merger or consolidation, or such options or awards shall become immediately exercisable in full. The 1997 Option Plan also provides for awards of stock appreciation rights, performance shares, restricted stock and other stock-based awards. The 1997 Option Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee selects the individuals to whom options will be granted and determines the option exercise price and other terms of each award, subject to the provisions of the 1997 Option Plan. Incentive Options may be granted under the 1997 Option Plan to key employees of the Company and its affiliates within the meaning of the Code, including officers and directors of the Company and its affiliates who are also employees. Nonqualified Options may be granted under the 1997 Option Plan to officers and other employees and to directors and other individuals providing services to the Company, whether or not they are employees of the Company. 1998 Stock Incentive Plan The Company expects that, before the consummation of the Offering, the Company's stockholders will approve the 1998 Stock Incentive Plan (the "1998 Option Plan"), which has been approved by the Board of Directors. A total of 1,900,000 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for issuance under the 1998 Option Plan. The 1998 Option Plan authorizes the grant of Incentive Options and Nonqualified Options. The exercise price of Incentive Options granted under the 1998 Option Plan must be at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock of the Company on the date of grant. The exercise price of Incentive Options granted to an optionee who owns stock possessing more than 10% of the voting power of the Company's outstanding capital stock must be at least equal to 110% of the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant, and such optionee must exercise his or her Option within five years from the date of the grant of such Option. There are no limits on the exercise price of Nonqualified Options granted under the 1998 Option Plan. The 1998 Option Plan provides, that, upon a change in control of the Company, all outstanding Plan options and other awards (i) may be substituted for similar options or awards of the corporation surviving any such change in control, (ii) may become immediately exercisable in full or (iii) terminate as of the effective date of such change in control, provided that the holders of such options or awards have the right to exercise such options or awards to the extent the same are then exercisable. The 1998 Option Plan also provides for awards of stock appreciation rights, performance shares, restricted stock and other stock-based awards. The 1998 Option Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee selects the individuals to whom options will be granted and determines the option exercise price and other terms of each award, subject to the provisions of the 1998 Option Plan. Incentive Options may be granted under the 1998 Option Plan to key employees of the Company and its affiliates within the meaning of the Code, including officers and directors of the Company and its affiliates who are also employees. Nonqualified Options may be granted under the 1998 Option Plan to directors, officers and employees of the Company and other individuals providing services to the Company. 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company expects that, before the consummation of the Offering, the Company's stockholders will approve the 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Stock Purchase Plan"), which has been approved by the Board of Directors. The Stock Purchase Plan will authorize the issuance of up to an aggregate of 300,000 shares of Common Stock to participating employees. The Stock Purchase Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Plan, all employees of the Company (other than seasonal employees) who have completed three months of employment with the Company and whose customary employment is more than part-time (i.e. more than 20 hours per week and more than five months in the calendar year) will be eligible to participate in the Stock Purchase Plan. Employees who own stock, and/or hold outstanding options to purchase stock, representing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of stock of the Company will not be eligible to participate in the Stock Purchase Plan. The right to purchase Common Stock under the Stock Purchase Plan will be made available through a series of offerings (each, an "Offering Period"). On the first day of an Offering Period, the Company will grant to each eligible employee who has elected in writing to participate in the Stock Purchase Plan an option to purchase shares of Common Stock. The employee will be required to authorize an amount (between 1% and 10% of the employee's compensation) to be deducted by the Company from the employee's pay during the Offering Period. On the last 47 day of the Offering Period, the employee will be deemed to have exercised the option, at the option exercise price, to the extent of accumulated payroll deductions. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Plan, the option exercise price is an amount equal to 85% of the fair market value of one share of Common Stock on either the first or last day of the Offering Period, whichever is lower. No employee may be granted an option that would permit the employee's rights to purchase Common Stock to accrue at a rate in excess of $25,000 of the fair market value of the Common Stock, determined as of the date the option is granted, in any calendar year. The Company has made no determination as to when the first Offering Period under the Stock Purchase Plan will commence. Allaire Corporation 401(k) Plan The Company maintains the Allaire Corporation 401(k) plan (the "401(k) Plan"), qualified under Section 401(k) of the Code. All employees of the Company who are at least 21 years of age are eligible to make salary reduction contributions pursuant to the 401(k) Plan. A participant may contribute a maximum of 15% of his or her pre-tax salary, commissions and bonuses through payroll deductions (up to the statutorily prescribed annual limit of $10,000 in 1998) to the 401(k) Plan. The percentage elected by more highly compensated participants may be required to be lower. The Company may also make discretionary profit-sharing contributions on behalf of participants (i) who are at least 21 years of age and (ii) who either have completed at least 500 hours of service during the fiscal year or are employed by the Company on the last day of the fiscal year. Any profit-sharing contribution is allocated to eligible participants as a percentage of their total compensation (up to the statutorily prescribed maximum of $160,000 in 1998). While a participant's contribution amount is always 100% vested, the amount attributable to Company profit sharing contributions is not fully vested until the participant has three full years of service with the Company. The Company determines the level of the discretionary contributions on an annual basis. Through June 30, 1998, the Company made no profit-sharing contributions to the 401(k) Plan. Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation The Compensation Committee takes recommendations concerning salaries and incentive compensation for employees of and consultants to the Company and administers and grants stock options pursuant to the Company's stock option plan. No executive officer of the Company has served as a director or member of the compensation committee (or other committee serving an equivalent function) of any other entity, whose executive officers served as a director of or member of the Compensation Committee of the Company. 48 CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS Organization of the Company In connection with the formation of the Company, the Company issued 2,040,000 shares of Common Stock to founder Joseph J. Allaire for cash consideration of $51,000, and 40,000 shares to Jeremy D. Allaire, the brother of Joseph J. Allaire, for cash consideration of $1,000. Prior to the closing of the Offering, Joseph J. Allaire's shares were subject to a stock restriction agreement. Sales of Stock Beginning in June 1996, the Company issued an aggregate of 514,306 shares of the Company's Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series B Preferred Stock") to private investors for aggregate consideration of $2,324,664. The Company issued 364,684 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to Polaris Venture Partners Limited Partnership ("Polaris Venture Partners") for $1,648,372, and 22,484 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to Polaris Venture Partners Founders' Fund Limited Partnership ("Polaris Founders' Fund"; and together with Polaris Venture Partners, the "Polaris entities") for $101,628. The Polaris entities own beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of stock of the Company and Jonathan A. Flint, a director of the Company, is a member of the limited liability company that manages the Polaris entities. Pursuant to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, each share of Series B Preferred Stock will automatically convert into two shares of Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. Beginning in June 1996, the Company issued an aggregate of 169,200 shares of the Company's Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series C Preferred Stock") to private investors for aggregate consideration of $999,972. The Company issued 79,687 shares of Series C Preferred Stock for $470,950 to Polaris Venture Partners and 4,913 shares of Series C Preferred Stock for $29,036 to Polaris Founders' Fund. The Company also issued 84,600 shares of Series C Preferred Stock in April 1997 for $499,986 to Mitchell Kapor, a director of the Company. Pursuant to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, each share of Series C Preferred Stock will automatically convert into two shares of Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. In May and June 1997, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,336,909 shares of the Company's Series D Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series D Preferred Stock") to private investors for aggregate consideration of $9,347,636. In this transaction, the Company issued 57,894 shares of Series D Preferred Stock for $231,576 to Mitchell Kapor, 413,910 shares of Series D Preferred Stock for $1,655,640 to Polaris Venture Partners, 23,590 shares of Series D Preferred Stock for $94,360 to Polaris Founders' Fund, and 1,000,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock for $4,000,000 to BancBoston Ventures Inc. ("BancBoston"). BancBoston owns beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of stock of the Company, and Peter R. Roberts, a director of the Company, is a managing director of BancBoston. Pursuant to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, each share of Series D Preferred Stock will automatically convert into one share of Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. Two months prior to the issuance of the Series D Preferred Stock, Polaris Venture Partners lent the Company $238,412 pursuant to a Promissory Note at an interest rate of 10%, and Polaris Founders' Fund lent the Company $13,588 pursuant to a Promissory Note at an interest rate of 10% (collectively, the "Polaris Notes"). The Polaris Notes were converted in connection with the issuance of Series D Preferred Stock to the Polaris entities. Issuance of Warrants In connection with the issuance of the Polaris Notes, in March 1997 the Company issued a warrant to Polaris Venture Partners (the "Polaris Venture Partners Warrant") to purchase 5,960 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $4.00 per share, and a warrant to Polaris Founders' Fund (the "Polaris Founders' Warrant") to purchase 340 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $4.00 per share. Both the Polaris Venture Partners Warrant and the Polaris Founders' Fund Warrant are currently exercisable in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, until March 7, 2002, and both contain certain protections against dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends and similar events. 49 Stock Restriction Agreement In May 1997, the Polaris entities, BancBoston and certain other stockholders (collectively, the "Holders"), Joseph J. Allaire and the Company entered into an amended and restated stock restriction agreement (the "Stock Restriction Agreement"). Pursuant to the Stock Restriction Agreement, the Company and the Holders have a right of participation in and a right of first refusal with respect to certain sales of shares of Common Stock by Mr. Allaire. The agreement also grants the Company the right to purchase a certain number of Mr. Allaire's shares, at a price of $2.26 per share, in the event he ceases to be affiliated with the Company. In addition, the parties agreed to fix the number of directors of the Company at seven and to elect to the Board of Directors the following individuals: (i) Mr. Allaire, for as long as he is affiliated with the Company; (ii) one member designated by Polaris Venture Partners; (iii) one member designated by BancBoston; (iv) the Company's Chief Executive Officer; (v) John J. Gannon; and (vi) Mitchell Kapor. The directors designated pursuant to this agreement were Joseph J. Allaire, Jonathan A. Flint, Peter R. Roberts, David J. Orfao, John J. Gannon and Mitchell Kapor. The Stock Restriction Agreement will automatically terminate upon the closing of the Offering. This termination will eliminate the Company's right to purchase any of Mr. Allaire's remaining 340,000 unvested shares of Common Stock. Yesler Software, Inc. The Company is a party to certain agreements with Yesler Software, Inc. ("Yesler"). Initially capitalized in July 1998, Yesler was created to develop, market and sell a commercial software application, conceived by the Company, and designed for use by end-users to create multimedia web-based presentations (the "Yesler Software"). The principal stockholders of Yesler are the Company, Weld, Brown LLC ("Weld Brown") and the Polaris entities. The Company acquired its ownership interest in Yesler pursuant to a Contribution and Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement dated July 14, 1998, between the Company and Yesler (the "Yesler Agreement"). Pursuant to the Yesler Agreement, the Company acquired 907,591 shares of Yesler common stock, representing on that date approximately 34% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Yesler. The stock acquired by the Company is subject to vesting requirements, a right of repurchase by Yesler and certain transfer restrictions. In exchange for the shares of Yesler common stock, the Company assigned its rights to theYesler Software source code to Yesler, agreed to provide Yesler with technical, sales and marketing support and agreed not to compete with Yesler. Also in connection with its acquisition of the Yesler common stock, the Company entered into an OEM Agreement with Yesler whereby the Company granted Yesler the right to obtain, at a 95% discount, certain of the Company's commercial software products for distribution together with the Yesler Software as a single commercial unit. In addition, the Company entered into a Voting Agreement with Weld Brown and the Polaris entities which grants the Company the right to designate one member of Yesler's four-person board of directors. The Company's designee to the Yesler board is Joseph J. Allaire. Yesler also granted the Company registration, information and certain other rights pursuant to an Investor Rights Agreement among Yesler, the Company, Weld Brown and the Polaris entities. In August 1998, the Company transferred 76,903 shares of Yesler common stock owned by the Company to three of its employees, including 38,457 shares of Yesler common stock to Maria Morrissey, Vice President, Worldwide Services and Support. The fair value of the shares transferred was not material at the time of transfer. On the date the Company entered into the Yesler Agreement, the Polaris entities purchased for $750,000 preferred stock of Yesler representing approximately 33% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Yesler on that date. Jonathan A. Flint, a director of the Company, is a director of Yesler. See Note 13 of Notes to Financial Statements. The Company believes that all transactions set forth above were made on terms no less favorable to the Company than would have been obtained from unaffiliated third parties. 50 PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of the Company's Common Stock as of June 30, 1998, and as adjusted to reflect the sale of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby, by: (i) each person known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the Company's Common Stock; (ii) each Named Executive Officer; (iii) each of the Company's directors; and (iv) all executive officers and directors as a group. Percentage of Common Stock Outstanding (3) ---------------------- Number of Shares Before After Name of Beneficial Owner (1) Beneficially Owned (2) Offering Offering - ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------ ---------- --------- Joseph J. Allaire (4) ......................... 2,005,000 25.2% Entities affiliated with Polaris Venture Management Co., LLC (5) ..................... 1,387,336 17.4% Jonathan A. Flint (6) ......................... 1,387,336 17.4% BancBoston Ventures Inc. (7) .................. 1,000,000 12.6% Peter R. Roberts (8) .......................... 1,000,000 12.6% David J. Orfao (9) ............................ 305,000 3.8% Amy E. Lewis (10) ............................. 105,000 1.3% Jack P. Lull (11) ............................. 111,541 1.4% Maria Morrissey (12) .......................... 57,000 * John J. Gannon (13) ........................... 13,542 * Thomas A. Herring (14) ........................ 25,000 * Mitchell Kapor (15) ........................... 262,094 3.3% All executive officers and directors as a group (11 persons)(16) ............................. 5,376,513 66.5% - ------------ * Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%. (1) Unless otherwise noted below, the address of each person listed on the table is c/o Allaire Corporation, One Alewife Center, Cambridge, MA 02140. (2) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of Common Stock issuable by the Company pursuant to options held by the person which may be exercised within 60 days after June 30, 1998 for shares of Common Stock not subject to repurchase by the Company ("Presently Exercisable Options") or pursuant to warrants held by the person which may be exercised within 60 days after June 30, 1998 ("Presently Exercisable Warrants") are deemed to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding such options or warrants for purposes of computing the number of shares beneficially owned and the percentage of such person or entity holding such securities but are not outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of any other person or entity. Except as otherwise indicated, each stockholder named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares set forth opposite such stockholder's name. (3) For purposes of calculating the percentage beneficially owned, the number of shares deemed outstanding before the Offering includes: (i) 4,139,386 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of June 30, 1998; and (ii) 3,818,347 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of Preferred Stock; and (iii) the Presently Exercisable Options and Presently Exercisable Warrants held by that person. (4) Includes 140,000 shares of Common Stock held by Mr. Allaire that are subject to options held by Jeremy Allaire, Adam Berrey and Simeon Simeonov, each of whom are employees of the Company. (5) Polaris Venture Management Co., LLC manages Polaris Venture Partners and Polaris Founders' Fund. Includes 1,302,652 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of Preferred Stock owned by Polaris Venture Partners and 5,960 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of Presently Exercisable Warrants owned by Polaris Venture Partners, as well as 78,384 shares issuable upon the conversion of Preferred Stock owned by Polaris Founders' Fund and 340 shares of Common Stock issuable 51 upon the exercise of Presently Exercisable Warrants owned by Polaris Founders' Fund. Mr. Flint, a director of the Company, is a member of Polaris Venture Management Co., LLC and has shared voting and investment power with respect to the shares held by the Polaris entities. However, Mr. Flint disclaims his beneficial ownership of all such shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The address of Polaris Venture Management Co., LLC is 1000 Winter Street, Suite 3350, Waltham, MA 02154. (6) Includes shares owned beneficially by Polaris Venture Management Co., LLC (see note 5). Mr. Flint's address is 1000 Winter Street, Suite 3350, Waltham, MA 02154. (7) Includes 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of Preferred Stock owned by BancBoston. Mr. Roberts, a director of the Company, is a managing director of BancBoston and has shared voting and investment power with respect to the shares held by BancBoston. However, Mr. Roberts disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The address of BancBoston is 175 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110. (8) Includes shares owned beneficially by BancBoston (see note 7). Mr. Roberts' address is 175 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110. (9) Includes 85,000 shares of Common Stock which are subject to the Company's right of repurchase as of June 30, 1998. (10) Includes 74,375 shares of Common Stock which are subject to the Company's right of repurchase as of June 30, 1998. (11) Includes 110,208 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of Presently Exercisable Options. Also includes 1,333 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of Presently Exercisable Options held by Mr. Lull's wife. (12) Includes 7,125 shares of Common Stock which are subject to the Company's right of repurchase as of June 30, 1998. (13) Includes 13,542 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of Presently Exercisable Options. Mr. Gannon's address is 1000 Winter Street, Suite 3350, Waltham, MA 02154. (14) Includes 18,750 shares of Common Stock which are subject to the Company's right of repurchase as of June 30, 1998. Mr. Herring's address is 9 Townsend West, Nashua, NH 03063. (15) Includes 35,000 shares of Common Stock, of which 24,063 are subject to the Company's right of repurchase as of June 30, 1998, and 227,094 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of Preferred Stock. Mr. Kapor's address is 238 Main Street, Suite 400, Cambridge, MA 02142. (16) Includes 2,637,000 shares of Common Stock, of which 283,688 shares are subject to the Company's right of repurchase as of June 30, 1998, 2,608,130 are issuable upon conversion of Preferred Stock, 125,083 shares are issuable upon the exercise of Presently Exercisable Options and 6,300 shares are issuable upon the exercise of Presently Exercisable Warrants. 52 DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 35,000,000 shares of common stock, with a par value of $.01 ("Common Stock"), and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, with a par value of $.01 per share ("Preferred Stock"). Of the 5,000,000 shares of authorized Preferred Stock, 1,616,494 shares are undesignated and available for issuance. Common Stock As of June 30, 1998, there were 7,957,733 shares of Common Stock outstanding and held of record by 76 stockholders, after giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock upon the closing of the Offering. Based upon the number of shares outstanding as of that date and giving effect to the issuance of the shares of Common Stock offered by the Company hereby, there will be shares of Common Stock outstanding upon the closing of the Offering. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to the holders of Preferred Stock that may be issued, the holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive such lawful dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, and subject to the rights of the holders of outstanding Preferred Stock, if any, the holders of Common Stock will be entitled to receive pro rata all of the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders. The Common Stock has no preemptive, redemption, conversion or subscription rights. All outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paid and non-assessable. The shares of Common Stock to be issued by the Company in the Offering will be fully paid and non-assessable. Preferred Stock The Company has authorized four series of Preferred Stock, consisting of 200,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, 514,306 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, 169,200 shares of Series C Preferred Stock and 2,500,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock. All outstanding shares of Series A, B, C and D Preferred Stock will be automatically converted into an aggregate of 3,818,347 shares of Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. The Board of Directors is authorized, subject to any limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to provide for the issuance of Preferred Stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each series and to fix the voting powers, preferences, qualifications and special or relative rights or privileges thereof. The Board of Directors is authorized to issue Preferred Stock with voting, conversion and other rights and preferences that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of Common Stock. Although the Company has no current plans to issue any Preferred Stock, the issuance of Preferred Stock or of rights to purchase Preferred Stock could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire, a majority of the outstanding voting stock of the Company. Warrants As of June 30, 1998, the Company had outstanding a warrant to purchase 17,699 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $4.52 per share. The warrant is currently exercisable in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time until five years from the effective date of the Offering. Upon the closing of the Offering, this outstanding warrant will automatically convert into a warrant to purchase an aggregate of 35,398 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.26 per share. The warrant contains certain protections against dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends and similar events. The warrant may be exercised for cash or pursuant to certain cashless exercise provisions. As of June 30, 1998, the Company also had outstanding four warrants to purchase an aggregate of 14,899 shares of Common Stock. Two warrants are to purchase an aggregate of 8,599 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.03 per share, and are currently exercisable in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, until December 31, 2001. Two warrants are to purchase an aggregate of 6,300 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $4.00 per share, and are currently exercisable in whole or in part, at any time or from time 53 to time, until March 7, 2002, and contain certain protections against dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends and similar events. Registration Rights Pursuant to a registration rights agreement among the Company and the holders of an aggregate of 3,077,630 shares of Preferred Stock which will automatically convert in the aggregate to 3,818,347 shares of Common Stock upon consummation of the Offering, the holders of warrants exercisable for 14,899 shares of Common Stock, and the holder of a warrant exercisable for 17,699 shares of Series A Preferred Stock which will automatically convert to a warrant to purchase 35,398 shares of Common Stock upon the consummation of the Offering (together the "Registration Rights Holders"), such holders are entitled to certain rights with respect to the registration of such shares under the Securities Act. If the Company proposes to register any of its securities under the Securities Act, either for its own account or for the account of other security holders, the Registration Rights Holders are entitled to notice of such registration and to include their shares of Common Stock in such registration. However, in the event of a registration pursuant to an underwritten public offering of Common Stock, the underwriters shall have the right, subject to certain conditions, to limit the number of shares included in such registration. The holders of more than 50% of the then-outstanding shares of Common Stock held by all of the Registration Rights Holders are entitled, at any time beginning at the earlier of 180 days after the Company's initial underwritten public offering or June 30, 2000, to request that the Company file a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the sale of some or all of the shares held by the requesting holder or holders, provided, however, that no such request may be made within 120 days of the filing of a registration statement by the Company in which such requesting stockholders were permitted to include their shares. Upon the receipt of such a request, the Company is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to effect such registration. The Company is not required to effect more than two such demand registrations. Once the Company has qualified to use Form S-3 to register securities under the Securities Act, the Registration Rights Holders shall have the right to request that the Company file a registration statement on Form S-3 or any successor thereto for a public offering of all or any portion of their shares, provided that the reasonably anticipated aggregate price to the public of such offering would exceed $1,000,000. The Company shall not be required to effect a registration in this manner more than once in any 12-month period. In general, all fees, costs and expenses of such registrations (other than insurance costs and fees and disbursements of counsel to the selling stockholders) will be borne by the Company. The Company has agreed to indemnify the Registration Rights Holders against, and provide contribution with respect to, certain liabilities relating to any registration in which any shares of Registration Rights Holders are sold under the Securities Act. Anti-Takeover Effects of Provisions of the Company's Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Amended and Restated By-Laws and Delaware Law The Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the "Certificate") and the Company's Amended and Restated By-Laws (the "By-Laws") and Delaware Law contain certain provisions that could be deemed to have anti-takeover effects and that could discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control of the Company or an acquisition of the Company at a price which many stockholders may find attractive. The existence of these provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of Common Stock. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws The By-Laws provide that, except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors or vacancies on the Board resulting from death, resignation, disqualification or removal of directors or any other cause may be filled only by the Board (and not by the stockholders unless there are no directors in office), provided that a quorum is then in office and present, or by a majority of the directors then in office, if less than a quorum is then in office, or by the sole remaining director. These provisions prevent a stockholder from enlarging the Board and filling the new directorships with such stockholder's own nominees without Board approval. The provisions of the By-Laws governing the removal of directors and the filling of vacancies may have the effect of discouraging a third party from initiating a proxy contest, making a tender offer or otherwise attempting 54 to gain control of the Company, or of attempting to change the composition or policies of the Board, even though such attempts might be beneficial to the Company or its stockholders. The Certificate and the By-Laws provide that, unless otherwise prescribed by law or the Certificate, (i) only a majority of the Board, or the Chairman of the Board or the President is able to call a special meeting of stockholders; and (ii) stockholder action may be taken only at a duly called and convened annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be taken by written consent. These provisions, taken together, prevent stockholders from forcing consideration by the stockholders of stockholder proposals over the opposition of the Board, except at an annual meeting. The By-Laws also establish an advance notice procedure for stockholders to make nominations of candidates for election as director, or to bring other business before an annual meeting of stockholders of the Company (the "Notice Procedure"). The Notice Procedure provides that, unless otherwise prescribed by law or the Certificate, only persons who are nominated by or at the direction of the Board or by a stockholder who has given timely written notice to the Secretary of the Company prior to the meeting at which directors are to be elected will be eligible for election as directors of the Company. The Notice Procedure provides that at an annual meeting only such business may be conducted as has been brought before the meeting by, or at the direction of, the Board, or by a stockholder who has given timely written notice to the Secretary of the Company of such stockholder's intention to bring such business before such meeting. Under the Notice Procedure, notice of stockholder nominations or proposals to be made (a) at an annual or special meeting in lieu of an annual meeting must be received by the Company not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the scheduled date of the meeting (or, if less than 70 days notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given, then not later than the 10th day following the earlier of (i) the day such notice was mailed or (ii) the day such public disclosure was made) or (b) at a special meeting (other than a special meeting in lieu of an annual meeting), not later than the 10th day following the earlier of (i) the day such notice was mailed or (ii) the day such public disclosure was made. These notices must contain certain prescribed information. The Notice Procedure affords the Board an opportunity to consider the qualifications of proposed director nominees or the merit of stockholder proposals, and, to the extent deemed appropriate by the Board, to inform stockholders about such matters, and also provides a more orderly procedure for conducting annual meetings of stockholders. Although the By-Laws do not give the Board any power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations for the election of directors or proposals for action, the foregoing provisions may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of directors or the consideration of stockholder proposals and of deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or to approve its own proposal if the proper advance notice procedures are not followed, without regard to whether consideration of such nominees or proposals might be harmful or beneficial to the Company and its stockholders. Delaware Law The Company is subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless (i) prior to such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; (ii) upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding those shares owned (x) by persons who are directors and also officers and (y) by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or (iii) on or subsequent to such date, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder. The application of Section 203 may limit the ability of stockholders to approve a transaction that they may deem to be in their best interests. Section 203 defines "business combination" to include (i) any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; (ii) any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of 55 the assets of the corporation to or with the interested stockholder; (iii) subject to certain exceptions, any transaction which results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder; (iv) any transaction involving the corporation which has the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or (v) the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation. In general, Section 203 defines an "interested stockholder" as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person associated with, affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person. Limitation of Liability The Certificate provides that no director of the Company shall be personally liable to the Company or to its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except that the limitation shall not eliminate or limit liability to the extent that the elimination or limitation of such liability is not permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law as the same exists or may hereafter be amended. The Certificate further provides for the indemnification of the Company's directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, including circumstances in which indemnification is otherwise discretionary. A principal effect of these provisions is to limit or eliminate the potential liability of the Company's directors for monetary damages arising from breaches of their duty of care, subject to certain exceptions. These provisions may also shield directors from liability under federal and state securities laws. Stock Transfer Agent The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock is Boston EquiServe L.P. 56 SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE Prior to the Offering, there has been no market for the Common Stock of the Company. Future sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices from time to time. Furthermore, since only a limited number of shares will be available for sale shortly after the Offering because of certain contractual and legal restrictions on resale (as described below), sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock of the Company in the public market after the restrictions lapse could adversely affect the prevailing market price and the ability of the Company to raise equity capital in the future. Upon completion of the Offering (based on shares outstanding at June 30, 1998), the Company will have outstanding an aggregate of shares of Common Stock, assuming no exercise of the Underwriters' over-allotment option and no exercise of outstanding options or warrants. Of these shares, the shares sold in the Offering will be freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act, unless such shares are purchased by an existing "affiliate" of the Company as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act (an "Affiliate"). On the date of this Prospectus, 4,712 shares in addition to the shares offered hereby will be eligible for sale. The remaining 7,957,733 shares of Common Stock held by existing stockholders are "restricted securities" as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act ("Restricted Shares"). Restricted Shares may be sold in the public market only if registered or if they qualify for an exception from registration under Rules 144, 144(k) or 701 promulgated under the Securities Act, which are summarized below. As a result of the contractual restrictions described below and the provisions of Rule 144, 144(k) and 701, 7,454,384 shares will be eligible for sale (and not subject to repurchase by the Company) upon expiration of the lock-up agreements 180 days after the date of this Prospectus. All of the officers and directors and certain stockholders and optionholders of the Company have agreed not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or publicly disclose the intention to make any such offer, sale, pledge or disposal for a period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus, without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation. Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation currently has no plans to release any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements. When determining whether or not to release shares from the lock-up agreements, Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation will consider, among other factors, the stockholder's reasons for requesting the release, the number of shares for which the release is being requested and market conditions at the time. In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, beginning 90 days after the date of this Prospectus, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who has beneficially owned Restricted Shares for at least one year (including the holding period of any prior owner except an Affiliate) would be entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of (i) one percent of the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding (which will equal approximately shares immediately after the Offering); or (ii) the average weekly trading volume of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale. Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about the Company. Under rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been an Affiliate of the Company at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least two years (including the holding period of any prior owner except an Affiliate), is entitled to sell such shares without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. Accordingly, unless otherwise restricted, "144(k) shares" may therefore be sold immediately upon the completion of the Offering. Subject to certain limitations on the aggregate offering price of a transaction and other conditions, Rule 701 may be relied upon with respect to the resale of securities originally purchased from the Company by its employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisors prior to the date the issuer becomes subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") pursuant to written compensatory benefit plans or written contracts relating to the compensation of such persons. In addition, the Commission has indicated that Rule 701 will apply to typical stock options granted by an issuer before it becomes subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, along with the shares acquired upon exercise of such options (including exercises after the date of the Offering). Securities issued in reliance on Rule 701 are restricted securities and, subject to the contractual restrictions described above, beginning 90 days after the date of this Prospectus, may be sold (i) by persons other than Affiliates, subject only to the manner of sale provisions of Rule 144 and (ii) by Affiliates, under Rule 144 without compliance with its one-year minimum holding period requirements. 57 The Company has agreed not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, or publicly disclose the intention to make any such offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, for a period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus, without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation, subject to certain limited exceptions. Following the Offering, the Company intends to file registration statements under the Securities Act covering approximately 3,842,197 shares of Common Stock subject to outstanding options or reserved for issuance under the Company's 1997 Stock Incentive Plan, 1998 Stock Incentive Plan and 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Accordingly, shares registered under such registration statements will, subject to Rule 144 volume limitations applicable to Affiliates, be available for sale in the open market, except to the extent that such shares are subject to vesting restrictions with the Company or the contractual restrictions described above. See "Management-Benefit Plans." 58 UNDERWRITING Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an Underwriting Agreement dated , 1998 (the "Underwriting Agreement"), the underwriters named below (the "Underwriters"), for whom Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation, Dain Rauscher Wessels, a division of Dain Rauscher Incorporated ("Dain Rauscher Wessels"), and NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC are acting as representatives (the "Representatives"), have severally but not jointly agreed to purchase from the Company the following respective number of shares of Common Stock: Number of Underwriters Shares ------------ --------- Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation ......... Dain Rauscher Wessels .......................... NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC .......... --------- Total ........................................ ========= The Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligations of the Underwriters are subject to approval of certain conditions precedent and that the Underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the shares of the Common Stock offered hereby (other than those shares covered by the over-allotment option described below) if any are purchased. The Underwriting Agreement provides that, in the event of a default by an Underwriter, in certain circumstances the purchase commitments of non-defaulting Underwriters may be increased or the Underwriting Agreement may be terminated. The Company has granted to the Underwriters an option expiring on the 30th day after the date of this Prospectus to purchase up to additional shares of Common Stock at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, all as set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus. Such option may be exercised only to cover over-allotments in the sale of shares of Common Stock. To the extent such option is exercised, each Underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase approximately the same percentage of such additional shares of Common Stock as it was obligated to purchase pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement. The Company has been advised by the Representatives that the Underwriters propose to offer the shares of Common Stock to the public initially at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus and, through the Representatives, to certain dealers (who may include the Underwriters) at such price less a concession of $ per share, and the Underwriters and such dealers may allow a discount of $ per share on sales to certain other dealers. After the Offering, the public offering price and concession and discount to dealers may be changed by the Representatives. The Representatives have informed the Company that they do not expect discretionary sales by the Underwriters to exceed 5% of the shares being offered hereby. The Company, its officers and directors, and certain other existing stockholders and optionholders of the Company have agreed that they will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or, in the case of the Company, file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement relating to, any shares of Common Stock or securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock or publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation for a period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus, except under certain circumstances. The Underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial public offering price, up to shares of the Common Stock for employees, directors and certain other persons associated with the Company who have expressed an interest in purchasing such shares of Common Stock in the Offering. The number of shares available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent such persons purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares not so purchased will be offered by the Underwriters to the general public on the same basis as other shares offered hereby. The Company has agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against certain liabilities, including civil liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribute to payments which the Underwriters may be required to make in respect thereof. 59 WA&H Investments, LLC ("WA&H"), a stockholder of the Company, is affiliated with Dain Rauscher Wessels, one of the Representatives of the Underwriters. In June 1996 WA&H purchased 54,204 shares of Series B Preferred Stock at a purchase price of $4.52 per share, which will automatically convert into 108,408 shares of Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering, and in May 1997 WA&H purchased 62,500 shares of Series D Preferred Stock at a purchase price of $4.00 per share, which will automatically convert into the same number of shares of Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation has purchased approximately $90,000 to the Company for software products and related services since the Company's inception. Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation obtained such products and services through arms-length negotiations on terms substantially similar to terms obtained by other customers of the Company for similar products and services. Application has been made to list the shares of Common Stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market's National Market under the symbol "ALLR". Prior to the Offering, there has been no public market for the Common Stock. The initial public offering price will be determined by negotiation between the Company and the Representatives. Among the principal factors to be considered in determining the public offering price include the information set forth in this Prospectus and otherwise available to the Representatives; the history of, and the prospects for, the Company and the industry in which it competes; an assessment of the Company's management; the prospects for, and the timing of, future earnings of the Company; the present state of the Company's development and its current financial condition; the general condition of the securities markets at the time of the Offering; the recent market prices of, and the demand for, publicly-traded common stock of companies in businesses similar to those of the Company; market conditions for initial public offerings; and other relevant factors. There can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop for the Common Stock or that the Common Stock will trade in the market subsequent to the Offering at or above the initial public offering price. See "Risk Factors--No Prior Trading Market; Possible Volatility of Stock Price." The Representatives, on behalf of the Underwriters, may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). Over-allotment involves syndicate sales in excess of the offering size, which creates a syndicate short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of shares of the Common Stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Penalty bids permit the Representatives to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate when shares of the Common Stock originally sold by such syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Such stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the Common Stock to be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of such transactions. These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq National Market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. 60 NOTICE TO CANADIAN RESIDENTS Resale Restrictions The distribution of the Common Stock in Canada is being made only on a private placement basis exempt from the requirement that the Company prepare and file a prospectus with the securities regulatory authorities in each province where trades of Common Stock are effected. Accordingly, any resale of the Common Stock in Canada must be made in accordance with applicable securities laws which will vary depending on the relevant jurisdiction, and which may require resales to be made in accordance with available statutory exemptions or pursuant to a discretionary exemption granted by the applicable Canadian securities regulatory authority. Purchasers are advised to seek legal advice prior to any resale of the Common Stock. Representations of Purchasers Each purchaser of Common Stock in Canada who receives a purchase confirmation will be deemed to represent to the Company and the dealer from whom such purchase confirmation is received that (i) such purchaser is entitled under applicable provincial securities laws to purchase such Common Stock without the benefit of a prospectus qualified under such securities laws, (ii) where required by law, that such purchaser is purchasing as principal and not as agent, and (iii) such purchaser has reviewed the text above under "Resale Restrictions." Rights of Action (Ontario Purchasers) The securities being offered are those of a foreign issuer and Ontario purchasers will not receive the contractual right of action prescribed by section 32 of the Regulation under the Securities Act (Ontario). As a result, Ontario purchasers must rely on other remedies that may be available, including common law rights of action for damages or rescission or rights of action under the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Enforcement of Legal Rights All of the issuer's directors and officers as well as the experts named herein may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible for Canadian purchasers to effect service of process within Canada upon the issuer or such persons. All or a substantial portion of the assets of the issuer and such persons may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible to satisfy a judgment against the issuer or such persons in Canada or to enforce a judgment obtained in Canadian courts against such issuer or persons outside of Canada. Notice to British Columbia Residents A purchaser of Common Stock to whom the Securities Act (British Columbia) applies is advised that such purchaser is required to file with the British Columbia Securities Commission a report within ten days of the sale of any Common Stock acquired by such purchaser pursuant to the Offering. Such a report must be in the form attached to British Columbia Securities Commission Blanket Order BOR #95/17, a copy of which may be obtained from the Company. Only one such report must be filed in respect of Common Stock acquired on the same date and under the same prospectus exemption. Taxation and Eligibility for Investment Canadian purchasers of Common Stock should consult their own legal and tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of an investment in the Common Stock in their particular circumstances and with respect to the eligibility of the Common Stock for investment by the purchaser under relevant Canadian Legislation. 61 LEGAL MATTERS The validity of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby will be passed upon for the Company by Foley, Hoag & Eliot LLP, Boston, Massachusetts. Certain legal matters will be passed upon for the Underwriters by Testa, Hurwitz & Thibeault, LLP, Boston, Massachusetts. EXPERTS The financial statements of Allaire Corporation of December 31, 1996 and 1997 and as of June 30, 1998 and for the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995, for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 1997 and for the six months ended June 30, 1998, all of which are included in this Prospectus, have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (including all amendments, exhibits, schedules and supplements thereto, the "Registration Statement") under the Securities Act with respect to the Common Stock offered hereby. This Prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement. For further information with respect to the Company and the Common Stock, reference is made to the Registration Statement. Statements contained in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or any other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of the contract or document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, and each such statement is qualified in all respects by reference to such exhibit. Copies of the Registration Statement may be examined without charge at the public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at Room 1024, Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the Regional Offices of the Commission at Suite 1400, 500 West Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60661 and 7 World Trade Center, Thirteenth Floor, New York, New York 10048. Copies of all or any portion of the Registration Statement may be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the Commission at Room 1024, Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. The Commission also maintains a Web site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants, such as the Company, that make electronic filings with the Commission. The Company intends to furnish to its stockholders annual reports containing financial statements audited by an independent public accounting firm. 62 ALLAIRE CORPORATION INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Page ----- Report of Independent Accountants ....................................................... F-2 Balance Sheet as of December 31, 1996 and 1997 and June 30, 1998 ........................ F-3 Statement of Operations for the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995, the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1997 (unaudited) and 1998 ................... F-4 Statement of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit for the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995, the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998 ...................... F-5 Statement of Cash Flows for the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995, the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1997 (unaudited) and 1998 .................................... F-6 Notes to Financial Statements ........................................................... F-7 F-1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Allaire Corporation In our opinion, the accompanying balance sheet and the related statements of operations, of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders' deficit and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Allaire Corporation at December 31, 1996 and 1997 and June 30, 1998, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995, the two years in the period ended December 31, 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Boston, Massachusetts August 13, 1998 F-2 ALLAIRE CORPORATION BALANCE SHEET (In thousands, except share and per share data) December 31, ----------------------- 1996 1997 ----------- ----------- Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents .......................................................... $ 526 $ 5,521 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns of $220, $487, and $490 at December 31, 1996 and 1997 and June 30, 1998, respectively ...................................................................... 617 1,413 Prepaid expenses and other current assets .......................................... 87 236 --------- --------- Total current assets .......................................................... 1,230 7,170 Property and equipment, net ......................................................... 568 2,209 Other assets, net ................................................................... 240 318 --------- --------- $ 2,038 $ 9,697 ========= ========= Liabilities, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit Current liabilities: Current portion of capital lease obligations ....................................... $ -- $ 315 Current portion of notes payable ................................................... 33 -- Accounts payable ................................................................... 486 1,601 Accrued expenses ................................................................... 120 1,320 Accrued employee compensation and benefits ......................................... 259 1,130 Deferred revenue ................................................................... 108 1,312 --------- --------- Total current liabilities ..................................................... 1,006 5,678 Capital lease obligations ........................................................... -- 499 Notes payable ....................................................................... -- -- --------- --------- Total liabilities ............................................................. 1,006 6,177 --------- --------- Redeemable convertible preferred stock: Series B, $.01 par value; Authorized: 508,849 shares at December 31, 1996; 514,306 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual and pro forma Issued and outstanding: 508,849 shares at December 31, 1996; 514,306 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual; none at June 30, 1998 pro forma ....................................................................... 2,300 2,325 Series C, $.01 par value; Authorized: 84,600 shares at December 31, 1996; 169,200 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual and pro forma Issued and outstanding: 84,600 shares at December 31, 1996; 169,200 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual; none at June 30, 1998 pro forma ....................................................................... 500 1,000 Series D, $.01 par value; Authorized: no shares at December 31, 1996; 2,500,000 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual and pro forma Issued and outstanding: no shares at December 31, 1996; 2,336,909 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual; none at June 30, 1998 pro forma .............. -- 9,348 --------- --------- Total redeemable convertible preferred stock ........................................ 2,800 12,673 --------- --------- Stockholders' deficit: Series A convertible preferred stock, $.01 par value; Authorized: 200,000 shares at December 31, 1996, December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual and pro forma Issued and outstanding: 43,557 shares at December 31, 1996; 56,557 at December 31, 1997; 57,213 at June 30, 1998 actual; none at June 30, 1998 pro forma ....................................................................... 177 255 Common stock, $.01 par value; Authorized: 10,000,000 shares at December 31, 1996, December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual; 35,000,000 at June 30, 1998 pro forma Issued and outstanding: 3,002,500 shares at December 31, 1996 and 1997; 4,142,303 issued and 4,139,386 outstanding at June 30, 1998 actual; 7,960,650 issued and 7,957,733 outstanding at June 30, 1998 pro forma ........... 30 30 Additional paid-in capital ......................................................... 13 13 Accumulated deficit ................................................................ (1,968) (9,435) Deferred compensation .............................................................. -- -- Stock subscriptions receivable ..................................................... (20) (16) --------- --------- Total stockholders' deficit ......................................................... (1,768) (9,153) --------- --------- Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) ............................................. $ 2,038 $ 9,697 ========= ========= Pro Forma June 30, June 30, 1998 1998 ------------ ---------------- (Notes 2 and 7) (unaudited) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents .......................................................... $ 3,974 $ 3,974 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns of $220, $487, and $490 at December 31, 1996 and 1997 and June 30, 1998, respectively ...................................................................... 1,594 1,594 Prepaid expenses and other current assets .......................................... 371 371 ---------- ---------- Total current assets .......................................................... 5,939 5,939 Property and equipment, net ......................................................... 2,805 2,805 Other assets, net ................................................................... 445 445 ---------- ---------- $ 9,189 $ 9,189 ========== ========== Liabilities, Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit Current liabilities: Current portion of capital lease obligations ....................................... $ 327 $ 327 Current portion of notes payable ................................................... 339 339 Accounts payable ................................................................... 1,682 1,682 Accrued expenses ................................................................... 1,963 1,963 Accrued employee compensation and benefits ......................................... 1,605 1,605 Deferred revenue ................................................................... 2,243 2,243 ---------- ---------- Total current liabilities ..................................................... 8,159 8,159 Capital lease obligations ........................................................... 332 332 Notes payable ....................................................................... 1,067 1,067 ---------- ---------- Total liabilities ............................................................. 9,558 9,558 ---------- ---------- Redeemable convertible preferred stock: Series B, $.01 par value; Authorized: 508,849 shares at December 31, 1996; 514,306 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual and pro forma Issued and outstanding: 508,849 shares at December 31, 1996; 514,306 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual; none at June 30, 1998 pro forma ....................................................................... 2,325 -- Series C, $.01 par value; Authorized: 84,600 shares at December 31, 1996; 169,200 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual and pro forma Issued and outstanding: 84,600 shares at December 31, 1996; 169,200 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual; none at June 30, 1998 pro forma ....................................................................... 1,000 -- Series D, $.01 par value; Authorized: no shares at December 31, 1996; 2,500,000 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual and pro forma Issued and outstanding: no shares at December 31, 1996; 2,336,909 at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual; none at June 30, 1998 pro forma .............. 9,348 -- ---------- ---------- Total redeemable convertible preferred stock ........................................ 12,673 -- ---------- ---------- Stockholders' deficit: Series A convertible preferred stock, $.01 par value; Authorized: 200,000 shares at December 31, 1996, December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual and pro forma Issued and outstanding: 43,557 shares at December 31, 1996; 56,557 at December 31, 1997; 57,213 at June 30, 1998 actual; none at June 30, 1998 pro forma ....................................................................... 260 -- Common stock, $.01 par value; Authorized: 10,000,000 shares at December 31, 1996, December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998 actual; 35,000,000 at June 30, 1998 pro forma Issued and outstanding: 3,002,500 shares at December 31, 1996 and 1997; 4,142,303 issued and 4,139,386 outstanding at June 30, 1998 actual; 7,960,650 issued and 7,957,733 outstanding at June 30, 1998 pro forma ........... 41 80 Additional paid-in capital ......................................................... 1,098 13,992 Accumulated deficit ................................................................ (14,050) (14,050) Deferred compensation .............................................................. (375) (375) Stock subscriptions receivable ..................................................... (16) (16) ---------- ---------- Total stockholders' deficit ......................................................... (13,042) (369) ---------- ---------- Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) ............................................. $ 9,189 $ 9,189 ========== ========== The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-3 ALLAIRE CORPORATION STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per share data) Period from inception (May 5, 1995) Year ended Six months ended through December 31, June 30, December 31, ----------------------- --------------------------- 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 -------------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ------------- (unaudited) Revenue: Software license fees .............................. $ -- $ 2,358 $ 7,116 $ 2,447 $ 7,585 Services ........................................... -- -- 534 144 1,046 ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- Total revenue ................................... -- 2,358 7,650 2,591 8,631 ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- Cost of revenue: Software license fees .............................. -- 234 961 343 820 Services ........................................... -- -- 1,453 449 1,610 ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- Total cost of revenue ........................... -- 234 2,414 792 2,430 ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- Gross profit ........................................ -- 2,124 5,236 1,799 6,201 ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- Operating expenses: Research and development ........................... 65 873 2,702 933 2,028 Sales and marketing ................................ 49 1,576 7,272 2,190 6,944 General and administrative ......................... 74 1,387 2,874 876 1,909 ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- Total operating expenses ........................ 188 3,836 12,848 3,999 10,881 ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- Loss from operations ................................ (188) (1,712) (7,612) (2,200) (4,680) Interest income, net ................................ -- 14 187 31 65 ------- -------- -------- -------- --------- Net loss ............................................ $ (188) $ (1,698) $ (7,425) $ (2,169) $ (4,615) ======= ======== ======== ======== ========= Basic and diluted net loss per share ................ $ (0.09) $ (0.97) $ (4.40) $ (1.50) $ (1.73) Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share ................................. 2,200 1,743 1,687 1,443 2,670 Unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share ..................................... $ (1.27) $ (0.64) Shares used in computing unaudited pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share ......... 5,865 7,224 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-4 ALLAIRE CORPORATION STATEMENT OF REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT (In thousands, except share data) Redeemable convertible preferred Convertible stock preferred stock Common stock ----------------------- ----------------- ------------------------- Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Par value ------------ ---------- -------- -------- ------------- ----------- Initial capital contribution by founders ..... $ $ 2,200,000 $22 -------- -------- ------- ------ --------- ------- Net loss .................................... Balance, December 31, 1995 ................... -- -- -- -- 2,200,000 22 Issuance of common stock in exchange for stock subscriptions receivable ................................. 1,800,000 18 Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock upon conversion of notes payable and accrued interest ......... 43,557 177 Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $55 ...................... 508,849 2,300 Forgiveness of stock subscriptions receivable in exchange for cancel- lation of shares of common stock ........... (920,000) (9) Repurchase and cancellation of shares of common stock ............................ (80,000) (1) Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $12 ...................... 84,600 500 Exercise of employee stock options .......... 2,500 -- Net loss .................................... -------- -------- ------- ------ --------- ------- Balance, December 31, 1996 ................... 593,449 2,800 43,557 177 3,002,500 30 Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock in acquisition of Bradbury Software L.L.C. ................... 13,000 78 Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock ................ 84,600 500 Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock ................ 5,457 25 Issuance of Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $42 ...................... 2,272,719 9,091 Issuance of Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock upon conversion of notes payable and accrued interest ........................... 64,190 257 Repayment of stock subscription receivable ................................. Net loss .................................... --------- -------- ------- ------ --------- ------- Balance, December 31, 1997 ................... 3,020,415 12,673 56,557 255 3,002,500 30 Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock ............................ 656 5 Exercise of employee stock options .......... 1,139,803 11 Repurchase of common stock held in treasury ................................ Deferred compensation relating to grants of stock options .................... Compensation relating to grants of stock options .............................. Net loss .................................... Balance, June 30, 1998 ....................... 3,020,415 $12,673 57,213 $260 4,142,303 $41 ========= ======= ====== ==== ========= ===== Additional Stock Total paid-in Accumulated Deferred subscriptions stockholders' capital deficit compensation receivable deficit ------------ ------------- -------------- --------------- -------------- Initial capital contribution by founders ..... $ -- $ (15) $ -- $ -- $ 7 Net loss .................................... (188) (188) --------- -------- ------- ------ --------- ------- Balance, December 31, 1995 ................... -- (203) -- -- (181) Issuance of common stock in exchange for stock subscriptions receivable ................................. 27 (45) -- Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock upon conversion of notes payable and accrued interest ......... 177 Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $55 ...................... (55) (55) Forgiveness of stock subscriptions receivable in exchange for cancel- lation of shares of common stock ........... (14) 23 -- Repurchase and cancellation of shares of common stock ............................ (1) 2 -- Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $12 ...................... (12) (12) Exercise of employee stock options .......... 1 1 Net loss .................................... (1,698) (1,698) --------- -------- ------- ------ --------- ------- Balance, December 31, 1996 ................... 13 (1,968) -- (20) (1,768) Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock in acquisition of Bradbury Software L.L.C. ................... 78 Issuance of Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock ................ Issuance of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock ................ Issuance of Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs of $42 ...................... (42) (42) Issuance of Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock upon conversion of notes payable and accrued interest ........................... Repayment of stock subscription receivable ................................. 4 4 Net loss .................................... (7,425) (7,425) --------- -------- ------- ------ --------- ------- Balance, December 31, 1997 ................... 13 (9,435) -- (16) (9,153) Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock ............................ 5 Exercise of employee stock options .......... 526 537 Repurchase of common stock held in treasury ................................ (1) (1) Deferred compensation relating to grants of stock options .................... 411 (411) -- Compensation relating to grants of stock options .............................. 149 36 185 Net loss .................................... (4,615) (4,615) ------- --------- ------ ----- ---------- Balance, June 30, 1998 ....................... $1,098 $ (14,050) $ (375) $ (16) $(13,042) ======= ========= ====== ===== ========== The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-5 ALLAIRE CORPORATION STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands, except share data) Period from inception (May 5, 1995) Year ended through December 31, December 31, ------------------------- 1995 1996 1997 -------------- ------------ ------------ Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss ......................................................... $ (188) $ (1,698) $ (7,425) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: Depreciation and amortization .................................. 1 94 726 Interest converted into shares of preferred stock .............. -- 2 5 Compensation expense relating to issuance of note payable under severance agreement ..................................... -- 90 -- Compensation expense relating to issuance of equity instruments ................................................... -- -- -- Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ........................................... (40) (577) (796) Prepaid expenses and other current assets ..................... (11) (76) (149) Other assets .................................................. -- (254) (55) Accounts payable .............................................. 27 459 1,115 Accrued expenses .............................................. 11 368 2,071 Deferred revenue .............................................. 211 (103) 1,204 ------ -------- -------- Total adjustments ........................................... 199 3 4,121 ------ -------- -------- Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities ........ 11 (1,695) (3,304) ------ -------- -------- Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment .............................. (47) (598) (1,502) Payment for acquisition of Bradbury Software L.L.C. .............. -- -- (252) ------ -------- -------- Net cash used for investing activities ...................... (47) (598) (1,754) ------ -------- -------- Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from sale leaseback transaction ......................... -- -- 421 Principal payments on capital lease obligations .................. -- -- (165) Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable .............. -- 175 252 Proceeds from issuance of notes payable .......................... 60 88 -- Principal payments on notes payable .............................. (10) (195) (33) Proceeds from sale of common stock ............................... 3 1 -- Proceeds from sale of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs ........................................... -- 2,733 9,574 Payments to acquire treasury stock ............................... -- -- -- Payment received on stock subscription receivable ................ -- -- 4 ------ -------- -------- Net cash provided by financing activities ................... 53 2,802 10,053 ------ -------- -------- Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents .............. 17 509 4,995 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period .................... -- 17 526 ------ -------- -------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of period .......................... $ 17 $ 526 $ 5,521 ====== ======== ======== Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for interest ........................................... $ -- $ 4 $ 46 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: Conversion of notes payable and related accrued interest of $2 into 43,557 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock ...... $ -- $ 175 $ -- Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock for acquisition of Bradbury Software L.L.C. ..................................... $ -- $ -- $ 78 Conversion of note payable and related accrued interest of $5 into 64,190 shares of Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock ................................................. $ -- $ -- $ 252 Capital lease obligations ........................................ $ -- $ -- $ 979 Six months ended June 30, ---------------------------- 1997 1998 ------------ -------------- (unaudited) Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss ......................................................... $ (2,169) $(4,615) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: Depreciation and amortization .................................. 234 631 Interest converted into shares of preferred stock .............. 5 -- Compensation expense relating to issuance of note payable under severance agreement ..................................... -- -- Compensation expense relating to issuance of equity instruments ................................................... -- 190 Changes in assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ........................................... (21) (181) Prepaid expenses and other current assets ..................... (118) (135) Other assets .................................................. (27) (257) Accounts payable .............................................. 25 81 Accrued expenses .............................................. 285 1,118 Deferred revenue .............................................. 401 931 -------- ------- Total adjustments ........................................... 784 2,378 -------- ------- Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities ........ (1,385) (2,237) -------- ------- Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment .............................. (194) (1,097) Payment for acquisition of Bradbury Software L.L.C. .............. -- -- -------- ------- Net cash used for investing activities ...................... (194) (1,097) -------- ------- Cash flows from financing activities: Proceeds from sale leaseback transaction ......................... 421 -- Principal payments on capital lease obligations .................. (44) (155) Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable .............. -- -- Proceeds from issuance of notes payable .......................... -- 1,406 Principal payments on notes payable .............................. (33) -- Proceeds from sale of common stock ............................... -- 537 Proceeds from sale of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs ........................................... 9,574 -- Payments to acquire treasury stock ............................... -- (1) Payment received on stock subscription receivable ................ -- -- -------- --------- Net cash provided by financing activities ................... 9,918 1,787 -------- --------- Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents .............. 8,339 (1,547) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period .................... 526 5,521 -------- --------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of period .......................... $ 8,865 $ 3,974 ======== ========= Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for interest ........................................... $ 19 $ 31 Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: Conversion of notes payable and related accrued interest of $2 into 43,557 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock ...... $ -- $ -- Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock for acquisition of Bradbury Software L.L.C. ..................................... $ 78 $ -- Conversion of note payable and related accrued interest of $5 into 64,190 shares of Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock ................................................. $ 252 $ -- Capital lease obligations ........................................ $ 751 $ -- The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. F-6 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. NATURE OF THE BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Allaire Corporation (the "Company") develops, markets and supports application development and server software for a wide range of Web development, from static Web pages to enterprise-scale, interactive Web applications. The Company's products enable professional Web developers to build high-volume, transaction-oriented Web sites and Web applications for electronic commerce, business information systems, content publishing and multi-user collaboration. The Company specifically designs its products to integrate key emerging Web client and Web server software platforms, technologies and protocols to interoperate with key enterprise and client-server technologies. The Company was incorporated in the state of Minnesota in February 1996 as the surviving entity of a reorganization of Allaire, L.L.C., a Minnesota limited liability company originally formed in May 1995. At the time of the reorganization, the members of Allaire, L.L.C. exchanged their existing ownership interests for a proportionate number of shares of the Company's common stock and substantially all assets and liabilities of Allaire, L.L.C. were transferred to the Company at historical cost. In April 1997, the Company was reorganized as a Delaware corporation. 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company invests its excess cash in money market funds, commercial paper and U.S. Treasury securities which are subject to minimal credit and market risk. The Company's cash equivalents are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at amortized cost which approximates fair value. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from software license fees upon delivery to customers provided no significant post-delivery obligations or uncertainties remain and collection of the related receivable is probable. The Company accrues insignificant support costs associated with these licenses when revenue is recognized. Revenue under arrangements where multiple products or services are sold together under one contract is allocated to each element based on their relative fair values, with these fair values generally being determined using the price charged when that element is sold separately. The Company provides most of its distributors with certain rights of return. An allowance for estimated future returns is recorded at the time revenue is recognized based on the Company's return policies and historical experience. Revenue from subscription sales is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription agreement. The Company offers subscriptions which entitle customers to all product releases during the term of the subscription agreement. Training and consulting services revenue is recognized as services are rendered, and revenue under support agreements is recognized ratably over the term of the support agreement. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments, which include cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, notes payable and redeemable convertible preferred stock, approximate their fair values at June 30, 1998. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of trade accounts receivable. To minimize this risk, ongoing credit evaluations of customers' financial condition are performed, although collateral generally is not required. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of gross accounts receivable at December 31, 1996, while one customer accounted for 22% and 35% of gross accounts receivable at December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998, respectively. In addition, this same customer accounted for 22% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 1998. No single customer accounted for 10% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses and such losses, in the aggregate, historically have not exceeded existing reserves. F-7 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Research and Development and Software Development Costs Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company's products are expensed as incurred, except for certain software development costs. Costs associated with the development of computer software are expensed prior to the establishment of technological feasibility (as defined by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 86, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed") and capitalized thereafter when material to the Company's financial position or results of operations. No software development costs have been capitalized by the Company since costs eligible for capitalization under SFAS No. 86 have been insignificant. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives, generally three to five years, using the straight-line method. Equipment held under capital leases are stated at the lower of fair market value of the related asset or the present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the life of the related asset or the lease term. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based awards to employees using the intrinsic value method as prescribed by Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and related interpretations. Accordingly, no compensation expense is recorded for options issued to employees in fixed amounts and with fixed exercise prices at least equal to the fair market value of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. The Company has adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," through disclosure only (Note 8). All stock-based awards to non-employees are accounted for at their fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 123. Income Taxes Prior to its reorganization as a C Corporation in February 1996 (Note 1), the Company was treated as a partnership for federal and state income tax purposes. Accordingly, no provision for corporate income taxes was recorded during this period and all losses were passed through to the Company's members. At the time of its reorganization, the Company adopted the liability method of accounting for income taxes as set forth in SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes." Advertising Expense The Company recognizes advertising expense as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $6,000, $152,000, $643,000, and $232,000 for the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995, the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, respectively. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Unaudited Interim Financial Statements In the opinion of the Company's management, the June 30, 1997 unaudited interim financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for that period. F-8 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) Unaudited Pro Forma Balance Sheet Upon the closing of the Company's initial public offering, all of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock will automatically convert into 3,818,347 shares of common stock. These conversions have been reflected in the unaudited pro forma balance sheet as of June 30, 1998. Net Loss Per Share Net loss per share is computed under SFAS No. 128, "Earnings Per Share." Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, excluding shares of common stock subject to repurchase. Diluted loss per share does not differ from basic loss per share since potential common shares from conversion of preferred stock, stock options and warrants and outstanding shares of common stock subject to repurchase are anti-dilutive for all periods presented. Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share has been calculated assuming the conversion of all outstanding shares of preferred stock into common shares, as if the shares had converted immediately upon their issuance. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income." This statement establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components. SFAS No. 130 will be effective for the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 1998. Adoption of SFAS No. 130 is for presentation purposes only and will not affect the Company's financial position or results of operations. In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" which supersedes SFAS No. 14, "Financial Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise." This statement changes the way that public business enterprises report segment information, including financial and descriptive information about their selected segment information. Under SFAS No. 131, operating segments are defined as revenue-producing components of the enterprise which are generally used internally for evaluating segment performance. SFAS No. 131 is effective for the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 1998 and will not affect the Company's financial position or results of operations. In February 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 132, "Employers' Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits." SFAS No. 132 standardizes the disclosure requirements for pensions and other postretirement benefits and is effective for the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 1998. SFAS No. 132 relates to disclosure only and will not affect the Company's financial position or results of operations. In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." The new standard establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, (collectively referred to as derivatives) and for hedging activities. SFAS No. 133 is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 1999. The Company does not expect SFAS No. 133 to have a material affect on its financial position or results of operations. In February 1998, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee ("AcSEC") issued Statement of Position ("SoP") 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use." SoP 98-1 establishes the accounting for costs of software products developed or purchased for internal use, including when such costs should be capitalized. The Company does not expect SoP 98-1, which is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 1999, to have a material affect its financial position or results of operations. In April 1998, the AcSEC issued SoP 98-5, "Reporting on the Costs of Start-Up Activities." Start-up activities are defined broadly as those one-time activities related to opening a new facility, introducing a new product or service, conducting business in a new territory, conducting business with a new class of customer, commencing F-9 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued) some new operation or organizing a new entity. Under SoP 98-5, the cost of start-up activities should be expensed as incurred. SoP 98-5 is effective for the Company's fiscal 1999 financial statements and the Company does not expect its adoption to have a material affect on its financial position or results of operations. 3. ACQUISITION In March 1997, the Company acquired the business and substantially all of the assets of Bradbury Software L.L.C. ("Bradbury"), including all rights to Bradbury's HomeSite software product, in exchange for $252,000 in cash and 13,000 shares of the Company's Series A convertible preferred stock valued at $78,000. The Bradbury acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated based upon the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired totaled $315,000. This amount has been included in other assets and is being amortized using the straight-line method over a three-year period. Amortization expense relating to this excess purchase price totaled $88,000 during the year ended December 31, 1997 and $53,000 during the six months ended June 30, 1998. The operating results of Bradbury have been included in the financial statements since the date of the acquisition. Pro forma presentations have not been included as the acquisition was not material to the results of operations of the Company. The former owner of Bradbury is entitled to additional cash payments of up to $165,000, depending on the length of time he remains employed by the Company. During the year ended December 31, 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, a total of $99,000 and $55,000, respectively, was earned and recorded as compensation expense under this arrangement. In order to finance the Bradbury acquisition, the Company issued 10% convertible notes payable totaling $252,000 and warrants to purchase 6,300 shares of the Company's common stock at a price of $4.00 per share to a stockholder (Note 7). All principal and accrued interest of $5,000 on these notes was converted into 64,190 shares of Series D preferred stock in May 1997. 4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment consist of the following: December 31, --------------------------- June 30, 1996 1997 1998 ----------- ------------- ------------- Furniture and fixtures .................................. $ 106,000 $ 574,000 $ 822,000 Furniture and fixtures under capital lease .............. -- 127,000 78,000 Equipment ............................................... 502,000 638,000 1,376,000 Equipment under capital lease ........................... -- 852,000 843,000 Software ................................................ -- 316,000 411,000 Leasehold improvements .................................. 38,000 148,000 210,000 --------- ---------- ---------- 646,000 2,655,000 3,740,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization ......... (78,000) (446,000) (935,000) --------- ---------- ---------- $ 568,000 $2,209,000 $2,805,000 ========= ========== ========== Depreciation and amortization expense for the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1995, the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998 was $1,000, $80,000, $434,000, and $501,000, respectively. F-10 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT (Continued) Capital Lease Line In December 1996, the Company entered into an agreement with a leasing company to establish a line of credit which enabled the Company to finance up to $1,000,000 in purchases of property and equipment under capital leases (the "Lease Line"). Each borrowing under the Lease Line is payable in equal monthly installments over a period of 36 months. In connection with this agreement, the Company issued warrants to purchase shares of its Series A convertible preferred stock (Note 6). The Lease Line expired in December 1997. During 1997, the Company sold and immediately leased back certain equipment under the Lease Line. The loss on this sale leaseback transaction was recorded in 1997 and was not material to the Company's results of operations. Amortization of property and equipment under capital leases totaled $181,000 and $156,000 during the year ended December 31, 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, respectively. Accumulated amortization on property and equipment under capital lease totaled $181,000 at December 31, 1997 and $325,000 at June 30, 1998. Interest expense relating to capital lease obligations totaled $38,000 and $28,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998, respectively. 5. LINES OF CREDIT Equipment and Working Capital Line In December 1996, the Company entered into an agreement with a bank to establish a line of credit which enabled the Company to borrow up to $400,000 for the acquisition of fixed assets and for working capital purposes through June 1997. In March 1998, this line of credit agreement was canceled and replaced with a new line of credit which provides for borrowings up to $2,000,000 for working capital purposes and for the issuance of letters of credit through March 1999. Amounts available under the line are determined based upon eligible accounts receivable. All borrowings and letters of credit are collateralized by substantially all of the Company's assets and all borrowings bear interest at the bank's prime rate plus 1%. As of June 30, 1998, letters of credit totaling $487,000 had been issued against the line and $715,000 was available for additional borrowings. The terms of the line of credit require the maintenance of certain minimum financial ratios and conditions and include other covenants similar to those in the initial agreement. In August 1998, the Company received a covenant waiver from the bank for the months of May and June 1998, and the bank amended the terms of the arrangement to waive certain financial covenants through October 1998. Equipment Loan Line In May 1998, the Company entered into an equipment loan line agreement under which the Company may borrow up to $2,000,000 to finance fixed asset purchases through December 1998. The initial term of each loan is 36 months from the borrowing date. Monthly payments are equal to 3.155% of the original amount borrowed. At the end of term, the Company may choose to make one additional payment of 15% of the original amount funded or, if no default has occurred, the term may be extended for an additional 6 months at the original monthly payment rate. This equipment loan line agreement contains no financial covenants and there are no cross-default provisions in connection with the equipment and working capital line described above. All borrowings under the fixed asset line are collateralized by the purchased assets. In June, the Company borrowed $1,406,000 under the equipment loan line, which was collateralized by previously purchased equipment. Annual cash payments on the borrowings under the equipment loan line are as follows: 1998 (six months ended December 31, 1998) ......... $ 266,000 1999 .............................................. 532,000 2000 .............................................. 532,000 2001 .............................................. 477,000 ---------- Total cash payments ............................... 1,807,000 Less--amount representing interest ................ 401,000 ---------- Present value of notes payable .................... $1,406,000 ========== F-11 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 6. PREFERRED STOCK The holders of the Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock (the "Preferred Stock") are hereinafter referred to collectively as the "Preferred Stockholders" and the holders of the Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock (the "Redeemable Preferred Stock") are hereinafter referred to collectively as the "Redeemable Preferred Stockholders." The Preferred Stockholders have the following rights and privileges: Voting Rights The Preferred Stockholders generally vote together with all other classes and series of stock as a single class on all matters and are entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of shares of common stock into which each share of such stock is convertible. With respect to the number of directors, only the Redeemable Preferred Stockholders, voting as a single class, may vote on any increase of the maximum number of directors constituting the Board of Directors to a number in excess of five. With respect to the election of directors, (i) the Redeemable Preferred Stockholders, voting as a single class, may elect one director and (ii) the common stockholders and Preferred Stockholders, voting as a single class, may elect two directors. The remaining two directors shall be elected by a combined vote of both (i) the common stockholders and the Series A preferred stockholders, voting as a single class, and (ii) the Redeemable Preferred Stockholders, voting as a single class. Conversion Each share of Series A, Series B and Series C preferred stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into two shares of common stock, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments. Each share of Series D preferred stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into one share of common stock, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments. Each share of the Series A preferred stock will automatically convert into two shares of common stock upon the closing of an underwritten public offering of the Company's common stock involving aggregate proceeds to the Company of at least $2,000,000. Each share of Series B and Series C preferred stock will automatically convert into two shares of common stock and each share of Series D preferred stock will automatically convert into one share of common stock upon the closing of an underwritten public offering of the Company's common stock involving aggregate proceeds to the Company of at least $15,000,000 and a per share price of not less than $11.30. Dividend Rights The Preferred Stockholders are not entitled to receive any dividends unless declared by the Company's Board of Directors. In the event that dividends are paid on the common stock, the Preferred Stockholders are entitled to receive dividends at the same rate and at the same time as the common stockholders, with each share of Preferred Stock being treated as equal to the number of shares of common stock into which each share of such stock is convertible. Liquidation Preferences In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of the Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock shall be entitled to receive, in preference to the holders of the common stock, an amount equal to the greater of (i) the original purchase price per share, defined as $4.07 per share, $4.52 per share, $5.91 per share and $4.00 per share, respectively, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments, or (ii) such amount as would have been payable had such shares been converted to common stock just prior to liquidation. Any assets remaining following the initial distribution to the Preferred Stockholders shall be available for distribution ratably among the common stockholders only. Redemption At the request of at least 50% of the holders of the Redeemable Preferred Stock at any time beginning in June 2002, the Company shall redeem one-third of the then outstanding shares of each series of Redeemable Preferred Stock. Subsequently, on the first and third anniversaries of the initial redemption date, the Company shall redeem 50% and 100%, respectively, of the remaining outstanding shares of each series. Upon redemption, each holder F-12 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 6. PREFERRED STOCK (Continued) of the Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock will be entitled to receive a cash payment equal to $4.52 per share, $5.91 per share and $4.00 per share, respectively, plus any declared but unpaid dividends. Convertible Notes Payable During 1996, the Company issued 10% convertible notes payable totaling $175,000 to two of the Company's stockholders. All principal and accrued interest of $2,000 on these notes was subsequently converted into 43,557 shares of Series A preferred stock prior to December 31, 1996. Preferred Stock Warrants Pursuant to the terms of a capital lease line of credit (Note 4), the Company issued warrants to purchase 17,699 shares of Series A preferred stock at a price of $4.52 per share, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments. These warrants are fully vested, exercisable at the option of the holder, in whole or in part, and expire upon the earlier of (i) ten years from the date of grant or (ii) five years from the effective date of an initial public offering of the Company's common stock. The value ascribed to these warrants was not significant. At June 30, 1998, the Company has reserved 17,699 shares of its Series A preferred stock for issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants. Undesignated Preferred Stock At June 30, 1998, the Company has authorized the issuance of up to 1,616,494 shares of undesignated preferred stock. Issuances of the undesignated preferred stock may be made at the discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company (without stockholder approval) in one or more series and with such designations, rights and preferences as determined by the Board. As a result, the undesignated preferred stock may have dividend, liquidation, conversion, redemption, voting or other rights which may be more expansive than the rights of the holders of the Preferred Stock and the common stock. 7. COMMON STOCK Treasury Shares Of the common stock issued, an aggregate of 2,917 shares with a cost of $1,000 were held by the Company as treasury shares and were included as a reduction to additional paid-in capital at June 30, 1998. Stock Restriction Agreements The Company has executed stock restriction agreements with its founder and certain of its employees. Under the terms of the founder's stock restriction agreement, the Company has the right to repurchase, at a price of $2.26 per share, any unvested common shares in the event of the founder's voluntary resignation. All other restriction agreements give the Company the right to repurchase, for an amount equal to the original consideration paid, any unvested common shares in the event of voluntary resignation or termination of employment with the Company for cause. The Company's repurchase rights lapse at various dates through January 31, 2000 or, in the case of the founder, upon an initial public offering of the Company's common stock, if earlier. At June 30, 1998, an aggregate of 340,000 and 221,250 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock were subject to repurchase under the stock restriction agreements, at prices of $2.26 and $.025 per share, respectively. All employees who have been granted options by the Company under the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan are eligible to elect immediate exercise of all such options. However, shares obtained by employees who elect to exercise prior to the original option vesting schedule are subject to the Company's right of repurchase, at the option exercise price, in the event of termination. The Company's repurchase rights lapse at the same rate as the shares would have become F-13 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 7. COMMON STOCK (Continued) exercisable under the original vesting schedule. At June 30, 1998, the Company had the right to repurchase 544,736 shares of common stock issued under the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan. Stock Subscriptions Receivable The Company held notes receivable from certain stockholders at June 30, 1998 in consideration for the purchase of common stock of the Company. The notes are due February 1, 2001 and accrue interest at a rate of 5.61% per annum. These loans are secured by the underlying common stock and, consequently, are reflected as an offset to stockholders' equity. Common Stock Warrants Pursuant to the issuance of convertible notes payable in 1996 (Note 6), the Company issued warrants to purchase 8,599 shares of its common stock at a price of $2.03 per share, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments. These warrants are fully vested, exercisable at the option of the holders, in whole or in part, and expire in December 2001. The value ascribed to these warrants was not significant. Pursuant to the issuance of convertible notes payable in 1997 (Note 3), the Company issued warrants to purchase 6,300 shares of its common stock at a price of $4.00 per share, subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments. These warrants are fully vested, exercisable at the option of the holder, in whole or in part, and expire in March 2002. The value ascribed to these warrants was not significant. Reserved Shares At June 30, 1998, the Company had 5,399,341 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of common stock warrants and options and the conversion of the Preferred Stock, including shares issuable upon the conversion of preferred stock warrants. Authorized Shares On August 10, 1998, the Company's Board of Directors approved, subject to stockholder approval, an increase in the authorized shares of common stock, $.01 par value, to 35,000,000. The authorization of these additional shares has been reflected in the unaudited pro forma balance sheet as of June 30, 1998. 8. STOCK OPTIONS No options were granted during 1995 and all options issued by the Company during the year ended December 31, 1996 were non-qualified, non-plan stock options issued to employees, advisors and consultants of the Company. All options granted by the Company during this period of time were issued at fair market value at the date of grant, vest either immediately or over a four-year period and expire ten years from the date of grant. 1997 Stock Incentive Plan During 1997, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan (the "1997 Stock Plan"). The 1997 Stock Plan provides for the granting of incentive and non-qualified stock options and stock bonus awards to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Company. The maximum number of common shares that may be issued pursuant to the 1997 Stock Plan, as amended, is 1,726,000. The exercise price of each stock option issued under the 1997 Stock Plan shall be specified by the Board of Directors at the time of grant. However, incentive stock options may not be granted at less than the fair market value of the Company's common stock as determined by the Board of Directors at the date of grant or for a term in excess of ten years. All options granted under the 1997 Stock Plan through June 30, 1998 vest either immediately or over a four-year period for employees or over the service period for non-employees and expire ten years from the date of grant. F-14 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 8. STOCK OPTIONS (Continued) During the period from inception (May 5, 1995) through December 31, 1997, compensation expense recognized for stock option grants made by the Company under APB Opinion No. 25 was not significant. For the six months ended June 30, 1998, compensation expense recognized for stock option grants totaled $185,000. Had compensation cost for the Company's option grants been determined based on the fair value at the date of grant consistent with the method prescribed by SFAS No. 123, the Company's net losses would not have differed materially from the amounts reported for all periods presented. However, because the determination of the fair value of all options granted after the Company becomes a public entity will include an expected volatility factor, because additional option grants are expected to be made subsequent to June 30, 1998, and because most options vest over several years, the pro forma effects of applying the fair value method may be material to reported net income or loss in future years. Under SFAS No. 123, the fair value of each employee option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model to apply the minimum value method with the following weighted-average assumptions used for grants made during the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998: no dividend yield; risk free interest rates of 5.9%, 6.1% and 5.4%, respectively; no volatility; and an expected option term of 5 years. Stock option activity during the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and the six months ended June 30, 1998 was as follows: Outstanding options ----------------------------------- Number of Weighted average shares exercise price --------------- ----------------- Outstanding--December 31, 1995 ........................... -- $ -- Granted (weighted average fair value of $.11) .......... 1,130,000 .44 Exercised .............................................. (2,500) .50 Canceled ............................................... (7,500) .50 --------- Outstanding--December 31, 1996 ........................... 1,120,000 .44 Granted (weighted average fair value of $.17) .......... 1,475,360 .54 Exercised .............................................. -- -- Canceled ............................................... (221,260) .51 --------- Outstanding--December 31, 1997 ........................... 2,374,100 .50 Granted (weighted average fair value of $2.44) ......... 299,150 2.46 Exercised .............................................. (1,139,803) .47 Canceled ............................................... (2,750) .57 ---------- Outstanding--June 30, 1998 ............................... 1,530,697 $ .90 ========== As of June 30, 1998, 111,500 shares were available for grant under the 1997 Stock Plan. The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at June 30, 1998: Vested and exercisable ----------------------------- Weighted-average Number Weighted-average remaining contractual of exercise Exercise price Number outstanding life (in years) shares price - ---------------- -------------------- ----------------------- --------- ----------------- $ .25-.50 1,145,772 8.5 319,073 $ .44 .75 215,175 9.2 3,729 .75 1.50 59,000 9.6 -- -- 4.00 72,250 9.8 625 4.00 7.00-9.00 38,500 9.9 -- -- --------- ------- $ .25-9.00 1,530,697 8.8 323,427 $ .45 ========= ======= F-15 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 8. STOCK OPTIONS (Continued) Deferred Compensation During the period January 1998 through April 1998, the Company granted stock options to purchase 260,650 shares of its common stock with exercise prices ranging from $.01 to $4.00. The Company recorded compensation expense and deferred compensation relating to these options totaling $149,000 and $411,000, respectively, representing the difference between the estimated fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant and the exercise price. Compensation relating to options which vested immediately upon grant was expensed in full at the date of grant, while compensation related to options which vest over time was recorded as a component of stockholders' deficit and is being amortized over the vesting periods of the related options. 1998 Stock Incentive Plan On August 10, 1998, the Board of Directors authorized, subject to stockholder approval, the 1998 Stock Incentive Plan (the "1998 Stock Plan"). The 1998 Stock Plan provides for the issuance of up to 1,900,000 shares of the Company's common stock to eligible employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors of the Company. Under the 1998 Stock Plan, the Board of Directors may award incentive and non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares and restricted and unrestricted stock. Incentive stock options may not be granted at less than fair market value of the Company's common stock at the date of grant and for a term not to exceed ten years. The exercise price under each non-qualified stock option shall be specified by the Compensation Committee. Grants of stock appreciation rights, performance shares, restricted stock and unrestricted stock may be made at the discretion of the Compensation Committee with terms to be defined therein. 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan On August 10, 1998, the Board of Directors authorized, subject to stockholder approval, the 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan"). The Purchase Plan provides for the issuance of up to 300,000 shares of the Company's common stock to eligible employees. Under the Purchase Plan, the Company is authorized to make one or more offerings during which employees may purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions made over the term of the offering. The per-share purchase price at the end of each offering is equal to 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning or end of the offering period (as defined by the Purchase Plan), whichever is lower. The Company has made no determination as to when the first offering period under the Purchase Plan will commence. 9. INCOME TAXES Deferred tax assets are comprised of the following: December 31, ------------------------------- June 30, 1996 1997 1998 ------------- --------------- --------------- Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards ...................... $ 583,000 $ 3,442,000 $ 4,570,000 Reserves not currently deductible ..................... 87,000 216,000 607,000 Research and development credit carryforwards ......... 17,000 95,000 192,000 Other ................................................. 29,000 85,000 293,000 ---------- ------------ ------------ Total deferred tax assets ........................... 716,000 3,838,000 5,662,000 Deferred tax asset valuation allowance ................ (716,000) (3,838,000) (5,662,000) ---------- ------------ ------------ $ -- $ -- $ -- ========== ============ ============ F-16 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 9. INCOME TAXES (Continued) Realization of total deferred tax assets is contingent upon the generation of future taxable income. Due to the uncertainty of realization of these tax benefits, the Company has provided a valuation allowance for the full amount of its deferred tax assets. Income taxes computed using the federal statutory income tax rate differs from the Company's effective tax rate primarily due to the following: Year ended Six months December 31, ended --------------------------------- June 30, 1996 1997 1998 -------------- ---------------- ---------------- Income tax benefit at U.S. federal statutory tax rate ......... $ (594,000) $ (2,599,000) $ (1,563,000) State taxes, net of federal tax impact ........................ (105,000) (455,000) (259,000) Permanent differences ......................................... 2,000 18,000 95,000 Research and development credit carryforwards ................. (18,000) (91,000) (95,000) Other ......................................................... (1,000) 5,000 (2,000) Change in valuation allowance ................................. 716,000 3,122,000 1,824,000 ---------- ------------ ------------ Provision for income taxes ................................... $ -- $ -- $ -- ========== ============ ============ At June 30, 1998, the Company has net operating loss and research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $11.1 million and $126,000 available for federal purposes to reduce future taxable income and future tax liabilities, respectively. If not utilized, these carryforwards will expire at various dates ranging from 2001 to 2018. Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, certain substantial changes in the Company's ownership may have limited, or may limit in the future, the amount of net operating loss and research and development tax credit carryforwards which could be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and income tax liability. The amount of any annual limitation is determined based upon the Company's value prior to an ownership change. 10. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Revenue was distributed geographically as follows: Year ended Six months December 31, ended ----------------------------- June 30, 1996 1997 1998 ------------- ------------- ------------- North America ............... $1,953,000 $6,153,000 $7,390,000 Europe ...................... 197,000 822,000 842,000 Other international ......... 208,000 675,000 399,000 ---------- ---------- ---------- $2,358,000 $7,650,000 $8,631,000 ========== ========== ========== 11. EMPLOYEE SAVINGS PLAN During 1997, the Company adopted an employee retirement savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "401(k) Plan") which covers substantially all employees. Under the terms of the 401(k) Plan, employees may contribute a percentage of their salary, up to a maximum of 15%, which is then invested in one or more of several mutual funds selected by each employee. The Company did not make any contributions to the 401(k) Plan on behalf of its employees for the year ended December 31, 1997 or for the six months ended June 30, 1998. F-17 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES The Company leases its facilities and certain office equipment under noncancelable operating lease agreements. Rent expense under these leases for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1997 and for the six months ended June 30, 1998, totaled approximately $163,000, $372,000, and $425,000, respectively. In addition, the Company also leases certain fixed assets under capital leases, which expire at various dates through October 2000. In May 1998, the Company entered into a new facility lease for additional office space. The lease commences in September and has a term of five years and four months. Future minimum commitments under noncancelable operating and capital leases at June 30, 1998 are as follows: Operating Capital leases leases ------------- ----------- 1998 (six months ended December 31, 1998) ......... $ 737,000 $183,000 1999 .............................................. 2,034,000 336,000 2000 .............................................. 2,030,000 193,000 2001 .............................................. 2,018,000 -- 2002 .............................................. 2,016,000 -- Thereafter ........................................ 1,073,000 -- ---------- -------- Total minimum lease payments ...................... $9,908,000 712,000 ========== Less--amount representing interest .............................. 53,000 -------- Present value of capital lease obligations ...................... $659,000 ======== Restricted Time Deposit In connection with a facility lease entered into during 1997, the Company is required to maintain, on behalf of the landlord, an irrevocable letter of credit with a bank in the amount of $125,000 over the term of the lease. In addition, the Company was required to maintain a certificate of deposit in an equal amount as security for the letter of credit. This certificate of deposit was restricted, was automatically renewed on a monthly basis as long as the letter of credit was in effect and was included in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 1997. In June 1998, the aforementioned letter of credit was replaced with a letter of credit issued under a new line of credit (Note 5) and the restricted certificate of deposit was released. Legal Proceedings In April 1996, a wrongful termination action was brought against the Company and its founder by a former employee under which the plaintiff sought severance pay and the right to 400,000 shares of the Company's common stock which were canceled upon termination. Although the Company continues to deny any liability in this matter, the Company determined during 1997 that it was in the best interest of its shareholders to settle this dispute out of court due to the rising legal costs, distraction of management and uncertainty present in this litigation. As a result, the Company agreed to pay the plaintiff a cash settlement totaling $285,000 in exchange for the termination of all legal action against the Company and its founder. This amount was fully accrued at the time of the settlement. In addition to the matter noted above, the Company is from time to time subject to legal proceedings and claims which arise in the normal course of its business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to these actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. 13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS Investment in Yesler Software, Inc. In July 1998, the Company entered into an agreement under which it contributed certain non-core technology and agreed to provide certain services to Yesler Software, Inc. ("Yesler") in exchange for 907,591 shares of Yesler's F-18 ALLAIRE CORPORATION NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Continued) voting common stock, representing approximately 34% of the outstanding capital stock of Yesler. Of the shares acquired, an aggregate of 605,060 shares are subject to repurchase at a price of $0.10 per share in the event of material default, change of control or termination by the Company. The number of shares subject to this repurchase right will be reduced quarterly over a three-year period. The Company has no obligation to fund the future operations of Yesler and plans to account for its investment under the equity method. F-19 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- No dealer, salesperson or other person has been authorized to give any information or make any representation not contained in this Prospectus and, if given or made, such information or representation must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Company or any Underwriter. This Prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities offered hereby in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer in such jurisdiction. Neither the delivery of this Prospectus nor any sale made hereunder shall, under any circumstances, create any implication that the information herein is correct as of any time subsequent to the date hereof or that there has been no change in the affairs of the Company since such date. ------------------------ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page --------- Prospectus Summary ....................... 3 Risk Factors ............................. 5 Use of Proceeds .......................... 16 Dividend Policy .......................... 16 Capitalization ........................... 17 Dilution ................................. 18 Selected Financial Data .................. 19 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ............................ 20 Business ................................. 29 Management ............................... 43 Certain Transactions ..................... 49 Principal Stockholders ................... 51 Description of Capital Stock ............. 53 Shares Eligible for Future Sale .......... 57 Underwriting ............................. 59 Notice to Canadian Residents ............. 61 Legal Matters ............................ 62 Experts .................................. 62 Additional Information ................... 62 Index to Financial Statements ............ F-1 ------------------------ Until , 1998 (25 days after the commencement of the Offering), all dealers effecting transactions in the registered securities, whether or not participating in this distribution, may be required to deliver a Prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a Prospectus when acting as Underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions. [Logo] Shares Common Stock ($.01 par value) P R O S P E C T U S Credit Suisse First Boston Dain Rauscher Wessels a division of Dain Rauscher Incorporated NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution. The following table sets forth the various expenses in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered, other than the underwriting discount. All amounts shown are estimates except the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. filing fee and the Nasdaq National Market listing fee. Payable by the Company ------------- Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee .............. $ 10,449 National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. filing fee ...... 4,042 Nasdaq National Market listing fee ............................... 78,875 Printing and engraving expenses .................................. 100,000 Transfer agent fees .............................................. 5,000 Accounting fees and expenses ..................................... 175,000 Legal fees and expenses .......................................... 325,000 Blue Sky fees and expenses (including related legal fees) ........ 10,000 Indemnity insurance expense ...................................... 125,000 Miscellaneous .................................................... 166,634 ---------- Total ........................................................ $1,000,000 ========== Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers. Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law affords a Delaware corporation the power to indemnify its present and former directors and officers under certain conditions. Article Sixth of the Certificate provides that the Company shall indemnify each person who at any time is, or shall have been, a director or officer of the Company and was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement incurred in connection with any such action, suit or proceeding, to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended. No amendment to or repeal of the provisions of Article Sixth of the Certificate shall deprive a director or officer of the benefit thereof with respect to any act or failure occurring prior to such amendment or repeal. Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law gives a Delaware corporation the power to adopt a charter provision eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors to the corporation or its stockholders for breach of fiduciary duty as directors, provided that such provision may not eliminate or limit the liability of directors for (i) any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) any acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) any payment of a dividend or approval of a stock purchase that is illegal under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law or (iv) any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. Article Seventh of the Certificate provides that to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, no director of the Company shall be personally liable to the Company or to any of its stockholders for monetary damages arising out of such director's breach of fiduciary duty as a director of the Company. No amendment to or repeal of the provisions of Article Seventh shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or the alleged liability of any director of the Company with respect to any act or failure to act of such director occurring prior to such amendment or repeal. A principal effect of such Article Seventh is to limit or eliminate the potential liability of the Company's directors for monetary damages arising from breaches of their duty of care, unless the breach involves one of the four exceptions described in (i) through (iv) above. II-1 Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law also affords a Delaware corporation the power to obtain insurance on behalf of its directors and officers against liabilities incurred by them in those capacities. The Company has procured a directors' and officers' liability and company reimbursement liability insurance policy that (a) insures directors and officers of the Company against losses (above a deductible amount) arising from certain claims made against them by reason of certain acts done or attempted by such directors or officers and (b) insures the Company against losses (above a deductible amount) arising from any such claims, but only if the Company is required or permitted to indemnify such directors or officers for such losses under statutory or common law or under provisions of its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or its By-Laws. Reference is also made to Section 7 of the Underwriting Agreement between the Company and the Underwriters, filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Registration Statement, for a description of indemnification arrangements between the Company and the Underwriters. Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities. The following information is furnished with regard to all securities sold by the Company within the past three years which were not registered under the Securities Act. (a) Issuances of Common Stock by Allaire Minnesota. From February 1996 through January 1997, Allaire Corp., a Minnesota corporation ("Allaire Minnesota"), issued and sold an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of its Common Stock for consideration valued at $51,690. (b) Issuances of Preferred Stock by Allaire Minnesota. From June 1996 through March 1997, Allaire Minnesota issued and sold an aggregate of 56,557 shares of its Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, for aggregate consideration of $255,165. From June 1996 through March 1997, Allaire Minnesota also issued and sold an aggregate of 514,306 shares of its Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, for aggregate consideration of $2,324,664. In December 1996, Allaire Minnesota issued and sold an aggregate of 84,600 shares of its Series C Preferred Stock, for aggregate consideration of $499,986. (c) Grants and Exercises of Allaire Minnesota's Stock Options. From June 1996 through April 1997, Allaire Minnesota issued options to purchase an aggregate of 1,086,800 shares of its Common Stock, and sold 1,250 shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of such options for aggregate consideration of $1,250. On April 25, 1997 Allaire Minnesota was reincorporated as a Delaware corporation through the merger of Allaire Minnesota into the Company. Pursuant to the reincorporation merger, each share of Common Stock of Allaire Minnesota was automatically changed and converted into two shares of Common Stock of the Company. Each share of Series A, B and C Convertible Preferred Stock of Allaire Minnesota was automatically changed and converted into one share of the corresponding series of the Company's Convertible Preferred Stock. Each share of the Company's Series A, B and C Convertible Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the reincorporation merger will automatically change and convert into two shares of the Company's Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. Also pursuant to the reincorporation merger, each option to purchase one share of Common Stock of Allaire Minnesota was automatically converted and changed into an option to purchase two shares of the Company's Common Stock. (d) Issuances of Common Stock by the Company. From January 1998 through June 1998, the Company issued and so1d 1,139,803 shares of its Common Stock for aggregate consideration of $537,000. (e) Issuances of Preferred Stock by the Company In February 1998, the Company issued and sold 656 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, for aggregate consideration of $5,250. Each of these 656 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will automatically change and convert into one share of the Company's Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. In May and June 1997, the Company issued and sold 2,336,909 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, for aggregate consideration of $9,347,636. Each share of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock will automatically change and convert into one share of the Company's Common Stock upon the closing of the Offering. II-2 (f) Grants of the Company's Stock Options. From April 1997 through June 1998, the Company granted options to purchase an aggregate of 730,910 shares of its Common Stock, exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $2.46 per share. The issuances described in this Item 15 were made in reliance upon the exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act relating to sales by an issuer not involving any public offering. None of the foregoing transactions involved a distribution or public offering. No underwriters were engaged in connection with the foregoing issuances of securities, and no underwriting discounts or commissions were paid. Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Schedules. (a) Exhibits 1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement 3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of the Company 3.2 Proposed form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (to become effective immediately prior to the Offering) *3.3 Proposed form of Certificate of Elimination (to become effective immediately after the Offering) 3.4 By-Laws of the Company 3.5 Proposed form of Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (to become effective immediately prior to the Offering) *4.1 Specimen certificate for the Common Stock of the Company *5.1 Opinion of Foley, Hoag & Eliot LLP 10.1 1997 Stock Incentive Plan as amended 10.2 1998 Stock Incentive Plan 10.3 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 10.4 Option Agreement for David J. Orfao 10.5 Form of Option Agreement for other executive officers 10.6 Office Lease Agreement between the Company and One Alewife Center Realty Trust, dated November 5, 1997 10.7 Lease Agreement between the Company and CambridgePark Two, L.P., dated May 21, 1998 10.8 Loan and Security Agreement between the Company and Silicon Valley Bank, dated March 26, 1998 10.9 Negative Pledge Agreement between the Company and Silicon Valley Bank, dated March 26, 1998 10.10 Loan Modification Agreement between the Company and Silicon Valley Bank, dated August 6, 1998 10.11 Senior Loan and Security Agreement between the Company and Phoenix Leasing Incorporated, dated May 1, 1998 10.12 Warrant Agreement between the Company and Comdisco, Inc, dated December 30, 1996 10.13 Warrant Agreement between the Company and Polaris Venture Partners, L.P., dated March 7, 1997 10.14 Warrant Agreement between the Company and Polaris Venture Partners Founders Fund, L.P., dated March 7, 1997 10.15 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 15, 1997 10.16 Letter of Offer of Employment from the Company to David J. Orfao, dated December 23, 1996 10.17 Contribution and Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement between the Company and Yesler Software, Inc., dated July 14, 1998 11.1 Statement re computation of per share earnings 23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP *23.2 Consent of Foley, Hoag & Eliot LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) 24.1 Power of Attorney (contained on the page II-5 of this Registration Statement) 27.1 Financial Data Schedule - ---------------- * To be filed by amendment. II-3 (b) Financial Statement Schedules II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. Item 17. Undertakings. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act") may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that: (1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. (2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. II-4 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Boston, Massachusetts, on the 13th day of August, 1998. ALLAIRE CORPORATION By: /s/ David J. Orfao ------------------------------ David J. Orfao President and Chief Executive Officer POWER OF ATTORNEY We the undersigned officers and directors of Allaire Corporation hereby severally constitute and appoint David J. Orfao, David A. Gerth and Joseph C. Baker and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys-in- fact with full power to them, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, any and all pre- or post-effective amendments to this Registration Statement, any subsequent registration statement for the same offering which may be filed under Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act ("a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement") and any and all pre- or post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Allaire Corporation to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys-in-fact, or any of them, to said Registration Statement and any and all amendments thereto or to any subsequent Registration Statements for the same offering which may be filed under said Rule 462(b). In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Signature Title Date - ---------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- ---------------- /s/ Joseph J. Allaire Chairman of the Board - ------------------------- Joseph J. Allaire August 13, 1998 /s/ David J. Orfao President, Chief Executive Officer and - ------------------------- Director (principal executive officer) August 13, 1998 David J. Orfao /s/ David A. Gerth Vice President, Finance and Operations, - ------------------------- Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer David A. Gerth (principal financial and accounting officer) August 13, 1998 /s/ Jonathan A. Flint Director August 13, 1998 - ------------------------- Jonathan A. Flint /s/ John J. Gannon Director - ------------------------- John J. Gannon August 13, 1998 /s/ Thomas A. Herring Director August 13, 1998 - ------------------------- Thomas A. Herring /s/ Mitchell Kapor Director August 13, 1998 - ------------------------- Mitchell Kapor /s/ Peter R. Roberts Director August 13, 1998 - ------------------------- Peter R. Roberts II-5 Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Six months Period from inception Year ended ended (May 5, 1995) through December 31, June 30, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Sales Returns December 31, 1995 1996 1997 1998 ---------------------- ------ -------- ----------- (in thousands) Balance at beginning of period ................... $-- $ 10 $ 220 $ 487 Additions: Charged to expense .............................. 10 165 164 53 Charged against other accounts .................. -- 45 165 30 Deductions: Write-offs and returns .......................... -- -- (62) (80) --- ---- ------ ------ Balance at end of period ......................... $10 $220 $ 487 $ 490 === ==== ====== ======