Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
File No. 333-63349
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
[logo]
$450,000,000
LIBERTY FINANCIAL COMPANIES, INC.
$300,000,000 6-3/4% Notes Due 2008
$150,000,000 7-5/8% Debentures Due 2028
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The 2008 Notes will bear interest at the rate of 6-3/4% per year and the
2028 Debentures will bear interest at the rate of 7-5/8% per year. Interest on
the 2008 Notes and the 2028 Debentures is payable on November 15 and May 15 of
each year, beginning on May 15, 1999. The 2008 Notes will mature on November
15, 2008 and the 2028 Debentures will mature on November 15, 2028. Neither the
2008 Notes nor the 2028 Debentures are redeemable prior to maturity, and
neither the 2008 Notes nor the 2028 Debentures have the benefit of any sinking
fund.
The 2008 Notes and the 2028 Debentures are unsecured and rank equally with
each other and with all of our other unsecured senior indebtedness. The 2008
Notes and the 2028 Debentures will be issued only in registered form in
denominations of $1,000.
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Per 2008 Per 2028
Note Total Debenture Total
------------ --------------- ----------- ---------------
Public Offering Price (1) ..................... 99.205% $297,615,000 99.45% $149,175,000
Underwriting Discount ......................... .65% $ 1,950,000 .875% $ 1,312,500
Proceeds, before expenses, to Liberty ......... 98.555% $295,665,000 98.575% $147,862,500
(1) Purchasers will also be required to pay accrued interest from November
12, 1998 through the issue date, if settlement occurs after that date.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if
this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
We expect that the 2008 Notes and the 2028 Debentures will be ready for
delivery in book-entry form only through The Depository Trust Company on or
about November 12, 1998.
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Merrill Lynch & Co.
NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC
Salomon Smith Barney
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The date of this prospectus supplement is November 5, 1998.
Limitations on Offers or Solicitations
Neither we nor any Underwriter intends this document to be an offer or
solicitation:
(A) if used in a jurisdiction in which such offer or solicitation is not
authorized;
(B) if the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do
so; or
(C) if such offer or solicitation is made to anyone to whom it is unlawful
to make such offer or solicitation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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Prospectus Supplement
Where You Can Find More Information ...................................................... S-3
Incorporation of Information We File with the SEC ........................................ S-3
Liberty Financial Companies, Inc. ........................................................ S-4
Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Operating Data ............................ S-15
Capitalization ........................................................................... S-17
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition .... S-18
Use of Proceeds .......................................................................... S-30
Description of the Notes ................................................................. S-30
Underwriting ............................................................................. S-32
Validity of the Notes .................................................................... S-33
Prospectus
Where You Can Find More Information ...................................................... 3
Incorporation of Information We File with the SEC ........................................ 3
Liberty Financial Companies, Inc. ........................................................ 4
The Liberty Financial Trusts ............................................................. 4
Use of Proceeds .......................................................................... 6
Consolidated Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges
and Preferred Stock Dividends ........................................................... 7
Description of the Senior Debt Securities ................................................ 7
Description of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities ................................... 14
Description of Capital Stock ............................................................. 24
Description of Depositary Shares ......................................................... 29
Description of Warrants .................................................................. 32
Description of Preferred Securities of Liberty Financial Trusts .......................... 32
Description of Guarantees ................................................................ 43
Description of Stock Purchase Contracts and Stock Purchase Units ......................... 46
Book-Entry Issuance ...................................................................... 46
Relationship Among the Preferred Securities, the Corresponding Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities and the Guarantees ...................................................... 48
Plan of Distribution ..................................................................... 50
Validity of Securities ................................................................... 51
Experts .................................................................................. 51
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file reports, proxy statements and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Our SEC filings are also
available to the public from the SEC's web site at http://www.sec.gov. You may
also read and copy any document we file at the SEC's public reference rooms in
Washington, D.C., New York, New York and Chicago, Illinois. Please call the SEC
at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information on the public reference rooms and their
copy charges.
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC covering
the 2008 Notes and 2028 Debentures. For further information on Liberty and the
notes, you should refer to our registration statement and its exhibits. This
prospectus supplement and the attached prospectus summarize material provisions
of contracts and other documents that we refer you to. Since the prospectus
supplement and the attached prospectus may not contain all the information that
you may find important, you should review the full text of these documents. We
have included copies of these documents as exhibits to our registration
statement. In addition, you should refer to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, which is incorporated by reference
into this prospectus supplement and the prospectus and which contains financial
and other information at or as of September 30, 1998 that updates information
contained in this prospectus supplement and the prospectus.
INCORPORATION OF INFORMATION WE FILE WITH THE SEC
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" the information we file
with them, which means:
o incorporated documents are considered part of the prospectus,
o we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those
documents and
o information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and
supersede this prospectus.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below which were filed
with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"):
o Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997,
o Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Company's Annual Meeting of
Shareholders held on May 11, 1998 that have been incorporated into our
Form 10-K,
o Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 1998,
June 30, 1998 and September 30, 1998 and the
o Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 1998.
We also incorporate by reference each of the following documents that we
will file with the SEC after the date of this prospectus but before the end of
the notes offering:
o Reports filed under Sections 13(a) and (c) of the Exchange Act,
o Definitive proxy or information statements filed under Section 14 of the
Exchange Act in connection with any subsequent stockholders meeting and
o Any reports filed under Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
Liberty's file number under the Exchange Act is 1-13654. You may request a
copy of any filings referred to above (excluding exhibits), at no cost, by
contacting us at the following address:
Investor Relations
Liberty Financial Companies, Inc.
600 Atlantic Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts 02210-2214
(617) 722-6000
S-3
LIBERTY FINANCIAL COMPANIES, INC.
Liberty Financial Companies, Inc. (the "Company" or "Liberty") is a
leading asset accumulation and management company. The Company has two core
product lines--retirement-oriented insurance products and investment management
products. Retirement-oriented insurance products consist substantially of
annuities. Investment management products consist of mutual funds, wealth
management and institutional asset management. The Company sells its products
through multiple distribution channels, including brokerage firms, banks and
other depository institutions, financial planners and insurance agents, as well
as directly to investors. The Company's net operating income (i.e., net income
excluding net realized investment gains and losses, net of related income
taxes) was $61.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and $112.4
million, $94.8 million and $76.5 million for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1996 and 1995, respectively. The following table sets forth the Company's
assets under management as of June 30, 1998 and December 31, 1997, 1996 and
1995 (as discussed below under "--Recent Developments," the stock market and
the value of the Company's fee-based assets under management declined since
June 30, 1998):
Assets Under Management
As of December 31,
------------------------------------
As of
June 30, 1998 1997 1996 1995
--------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(dollars in billions)
Retirement-oriented insurance products ......... $ 13.1 $ 12.8 $ 12.1 $ 10.6
Mutual funds ................................... 27.9 26.8 25.7 23.3
Wealth management .............................. 7.4 6.6 5.3 4.5
Institutional asset management ................. 5.7 5.3 4.9 4.1
------- ------- ------- -------
Total ........................................ $ 54.1 $ 51.5 $ 48.0 $ 42.5
======= ======= ======= =======
Recent Developments. On August 13, 1998, Liberty entered into an agreement
to acquire 100% of the capital stock of Societe Generale Asset Management Corp.
("SGAM"), a New York based investment firm with approximately $4.2 billion of
assets under management as of August 31, 1998. Liberty has agreed to pay at the
closing up to $205 million, consisting of $198 million in cash and $7 million
of Liberty common stock. In addition, Liberty has agreed to pay up to an
additional $11 million in deferred payments contingent upon the attainment of
certain earnings objectives by SGAM. The acquisition, which is subject to
certain closing conditions, is expected to be completed by early 1999. The
acquisition of SGAM is expected to add a new global investment strategy to
Liberty's diversified product base. It is anticipated that SGAM will operate as
a separate operating subsidiary of Liberty. The acquisition will be recorded
using the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the operating results
generated by SGAM after the closing will be included in Liberty's consolidated
financial statements. This acquisition is expected to be financed from the net
proceeds from the sale of the 6-3/4% Notes due 2008 (the "2008 Notes") and
7-5/8% Debentures due 2028 (the "2028 Debentures" and, collectively with the
2008 Notes, the "Notes") offered hereby. See "USE OF PROCEEDS."
On September 30, 1998, Liberty completed the acquisition of The Crabbe
Huson Group, Inc. ("Crabbe Huson"), a Portland, Oregon based investment firm
with approximately $3.3 billion of assets under management as of September 29,
1998. Liberty paid $90.4 million at closing, consisting of $81.4 million in
cash and $9.0 million of Liberty common stock. In addition, Liberty has agreed
to pay up to an additional $51.5 million over 5 years, contingent upon Crabbe
Huson achieving certain earnings objectives. The acquisition will be recorded
using the purchase method of accounting, and accordingly, the operating results
generated by Crabbe Huson after the closing will be included in Liberty's
consolidated financial statements starting October 1, 1998. In connection with
the Crabbe Huson acquisition, the Company entered into a $100 million revolving
credit facility with a commercial bank (the "Bridge Facility"). The Bridge
Facility matures on March 30, 1999 and bears interest at a per annum rate equal
to LIBOR plus twenty-five basis points. Liberty borrowed $90 million under the
Bridge Facility to finance the acquisition of Crabbe Huson and expects to repay
the $90 million of bridge financing from the net proceeds received by the sale
of the Notes. See "USE OF PROCEEDS."
The Company's product sales and asset levels are affected by certain
economic and market factors, such as changes in interest rates and stock
prices. These factors can influence, among other things, products sales and the
value of assets under management. Fee income represents a substantial portion
of the Company's revenues and is based on the value of fee-based assets under
management. The stock market, and consequently the value of the Company's
fee-based assets under management, have declined since June 30, 1998. As of
August 31, 1998, the Company's fee-based assets under management (excluding
$2.1 billion of fee-based assets obtained in an acquisition
S-4
on August 31, 1998) were approximately $37.8 billion, as compared to
approximately $41.1 billion as of June 30, 1998 and $38.8 billion at December
31, 1997. Accordingly, the Company's fee income for the quarter ending
September 30, 1998, and possibly for future periods, may be lower than its fee
income for the quarter ended June 30, 1998. Adverse economic conditions and
other factors, including a protracted or precipitous decline in stock market
and other economic conditions that affect the demand for the Company's products
and services, may have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations
and financial condition.
Multiple Asset Accumulation Products. The Company sells a full range of
retirement-oriented insurance products, grouped by whether they provide fixed,
indexed or variable returns to policyholders. Substantially all of these
products currently are annuities that are written by the Company's wholly-owned
subsidiary, Keyport Life Insurance Company ("Keyport"), one of the country's
leading annuity companies. Annuities include insurance products which provide a
tax-deferred means of accumulating savings for retirement needs, as well as a
tax-efficient source of income in the payout period. The Company's principal
fixed annuity products are individual single premium deferred fixed annuities
("SPDAs"), which represented $8.3 billion of policyholder liabilities as of
June 30, 1998. In addition to SPDAs, the Company also sells equity-indexed and
variable annuities. Equity-indexed annuities are an innovative product first
introduced to the marketplace by the Company when it began selling its
KeyIndex[TM] product in 1995. The Company's equity-indexed annuities credit
interest to the policyholder at a "participation rate" equal to a portion of
the change in value of a specified equity index (in the case of the Company's
equity-indexed products, the Standard & Poor's 500 Composite Stock Index ("S&P
500 Index")).* Under a variable annuity, the policyholder has the opportunity
to select separate account investment options (consisting of underlying mutual
funds) which pass the investment risk directly to the policyholder in return
for the potential of higher returns. Variable annuities also include guaranteed
fixed interest rate options.
As of June 30, 1998 (and before giving effect to the acquisitions
described under "--Recent Developments" above), the Company had four operating
units engaged in investment management: The Colonial Group, Inc. ("Colonial"),
Stein Roe & Farnham Incorporated ("Stein Roe"), Newport Pacific Management,
Inc. ("Newport") and Liberty Asset Management Company ("LAMCO"). As of August
31, 1998, the Company sponsored 71 open-end mutual funds for those four
operating units, as well as 7 closed-end funds. The open-end funds consist of
38 intermediary-distributed Colonial mutual funds, 19 direct-marketed Stein Roe
funds and 14 other funds included among the investment options available under
the Company's variable annuities. The closed-end funds consist of 5 Colonial
funds and 2 LAMCO funds. Fifty-three of the Company's 71 open-end mutual funds
are long-term funds (defined as open-end funds having at least a three-year
performance record, excluding funds that invest solely in money market
securities). Thirty-eight of those 53 funds (representing 85.4% of the total
assets in those 53 funds as of August 31, 1998) were ranked by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") in the top two quartiles of their
respective peer groups for the three-year period ended that date.
Multiple Distribution Channels. The Company sells its products through
multiple distribution channels. The Company distributes its products through
all the major third party intermediary channels, including national and
regional brokerage firms, banks and other depository institutions, financial
planners and insurance agents. To capitalize on the importance of banks and
other depository institutions as intermediaries for its products, the Company
also operates its own distribution unit, Independent Financial Market Group,
Inc. ("Independent"), which sells annuities and mutual funds through such
entities. Certain of the Company's products also are sold directly to
investors, including its mutual funds sold without a sales load, wealth
management and institutional asset management products. The Company believes
that it is one of the few asset accumulators with a significant presence in
both the intermediary and direct channels. Total product sales for the six
months ended June 30, 1998 and for the year ended December 31, 1997 were $4.7
billion and $7.5 billion, respectively (including $0.4 billion and $1.0
billion, respectively of reinvested dividends and similar reinvested returns).
During the six months ended June 30, 1998 and during 1997, 53% and 59%,
respectively, of sales were made through intermediary distributors, with the
balance made directly to the investor.
- ----------------
* "S&P," "S&P 500" and "Standard & Poor's 500" are registered trademarks of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and have been licensed for use by Keyport.
S-5
Business Strategy. The Company's business strategy has four interrelated
elements:
o Diversification. The Company believes that the diversification in its
products and distribution channels allows it to accumulate assets in
different market cycles, thereby reducing earnings volatility. Within its two
core product lines, the Company sells a range of products that serve
individuals at different stages of their life and earnings cycle. This mix
also is designed to include products that will be in demand under a variety
of economic and market conditions. Similarly, the Company reaches customers
through a variety of distribution channels. Diversification of distribution
channels allows the Company to reach many segments of the marketplace and
lessens its dependence on any one source of assets.
o Innovation. The Company believes that product and distribution innovations
are essential in order to grow its asset base and meet the ever-changing
financial needs of its customers. The Company believes that it has an
impressive track record in such innovations. For example, Newport created the
first U.S.-based mutual fund to focus exclusively on the "Tiger" countries of
Asia. The Stein Roe Young Investor[TM] Fund was the first mutual fund to be
coupled with an educational program to teach young people about investing,
while offering parents an excellent device to save for educational and other
family needs.
o Integration. Liberty actively promotes integration of its operating units and
believes that such efforts will enable it to accumulate additional assets by
leveraging distribution capabilities and to reduce expenses by consolidating
redundant back office functions. For example, upon the Company's acquisition
of Newport in April, 1995, Colonial assumed the marketing, sales, service and
administration of Newport's flagship Tiger Fund. The availability of the
Newport Tiger Fund has facilitated new intermediary distribution
relationships for Colonial. Stein Roe manages the majority of Keyport's
general account assets and, together with Colonial and Newport, manages
certain of the funds underlying Keyport's variable annuity products.
Colonial's transfer agency operations perform these functions for the Stein
Roe funds. Independent, the Company's bank distribution unit, was the largest
distributor of Keyport's annuities and the second largest distributor of the
Colonial funds in 1997 and for the six months ended June 30, 1998.
o Acquisitions. Where appropriate, the Company seeks acquisitions that provide
additional assets, new or complementary investment management capabilities,
distribution capabilities or other integration or diversification
opportunities in its core product areas. Acquisitions are an integral part of
Liberty Financial's business strategy. Stein Roe (acquired in 1986), Keyport
(acquired in 1988), Colonial (acquired in 1995), Newport (acquired in 1995)
and major components of the Company's bank distribution unit (including
Independent, acquired in 1996) all joined Liberty by acquisition. The Company
has also made asset acquisitions, including a coinsurance agreement with
respect to a $954.0 million block of SPDAs entered into in August, 1996. Most
recently, the Company completed the acquisition of Crabbe Huson; and expects
to complete the acquisition of SGAM by early 1999. See "--Recent
Developments."
The Company's business strategy is based on its belief that its products
have attractive growth prospects due to important demographic and economic
trends. These trends include the need for the aging baby boom generation to
increase savings and investment, lower public confidence in the adequacy of
government and employer-provided retirement benefits, longer life expectancies,
and rising health care costs. The Company believes that its product mix and
distribution strength are well-suited to exploit these demographic and economic
trends and will help the Company maintain and enhance its position as a leading
asset accumulation and management company.
Retirement-Oriented Insurance Products
The Company sells a full range of retirement-oriented insurance products,
grouped by whether they provide fixed, indexed or variable returns to
policyholders. Substantially all of these products are annuities that are
written by Keyport. Annuities offer a tax-deferred means of accumulating
savings for retirement needs and provide a tax-efficient source of income in
the payout period. The Company earns spread income from fixed and indexed
annuities; variable annuities primarily produce fee income for the Company. The
Company's primary financial objectives for its annuities business are to
increase policyholder balances through new sales and asset retention and to
earn acceptable investment spreads on its fixed and indexed return products.
S-6
Products
The Company's principal retirement-oriented insurance products are
categorized as follows:
o Fixed Annuities. The Company's principal fixed annuity products are SPDAs.
A SPDA policyholder typically makes a single premium payment at the time
of issuance. The Company obligates itself to credit interest to the
policyholder's account at a rate that is guaranteed for an initial term
(typically one year) and is reset annually thereafter, subject to a
guaranteed minimum rate. Interest crediting continues until the policy is
surrendered, upon policyholder death, or the policyholder turns age 90.
o Equity-Indexed Annuities. Equity-indexed annuities are an innovative
product first introduced to the marketplace in 1995 by the Company when it
began selling its KeyIndex product. The Company's equity-indexed annuities
credit interest to the policyholder at a "participation rate" equal to a
portion (ranging for existing policies from 55% to 95%) of the change in
value of a specified equity index. KeyIndex is currently offered for one,
five and seven-year terms with interest earnings based on a percentage of
the increase in the S&P 500 Index. With the five and seven-year terms, the
interest earnings are based on the highest policy anniversary date value
of the S&P 500 Index during the term. KeyIndex also provides a guarantee
of principal at the end of the term. Thus, unlike a direct equity
investment, even if the S&P 500 Index declines, there is no market risk to
the policyholder's principal. In late 1996, the Company introduced a
market value adjusted ("MVA") annuity product, KeySelect, which offers a
choice between an equity-indexed account similar to KeyIndex and a fixed
annuity-type interest account. KeySelect offers terms for each fixed and
equity-indexed account of one, three, five, six and seven years, as well
as a ten-year term for the fixed interest account. KeySelect shifts some
investment risk to the policyholder, since surrender of the policy before
the end of the policy term will result in increased or decreased account
values based on the change in rates of designated Treasury securities
since the beginning of the term.
o Variable Annuities. Variable annuities offer a selection of underlying
investment alternatives which may satisfy a variety of policyholder
risk/return objectives. Under a variable annuity, the policyholder has the
opportunity to select separate account investment options (consisting of
underlying mutual funds) which pass the investment risk directly to the
policyholder in return for the potential of higher returns. Variable
annuities also include guaranteed fixed interest options. The Company's
Keyport Advisor variable annuity currently offers 18 separate account
investment choices (substantially all of the assets of which are managed
by the Company) and four guaranteed fixed-interest options.
While the Company currently does not offer traditional life insurance
products, it manages a closed block of single premium whole life insurance
policies ("SPWLs"), a retirement-oriented tax-advantaged life insurance
product. The Company discontinued sales of SPWLs in response to certain tax law
changes in the 1980s. The Company had SPWL policyholder balances of $2.0
billion as of June 30, 1998.
Under the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"), returns credited on
annuities and life insurance policies during the accumulation period (the
period during which interest or other returns are credited) are not subject to
federal or state income tax. Proceeds payable on death from a life insurance
policy are also free from such taxes. At the maturity or payment date of an
annuity policy, the policyholder is entitled to receive the original deposit
plus accumulated returns. The policyholder may elect to take this amount in
either a lump sum or an annuitized series of payments over time. The return
component of such payments is taxed at the time of receipt as ordinary income
at the recipient's then applicable tax rate. The demand for the Company's
retirement-oriented insurance products could be adversely affected by changes
in the tax law.
The Company's mix of annuity products is designed to include products in
demand under a variety of economic and market conditions. Sales of SPDAs,
variable annuities and equity-indexed annuities tend to be sensitive to
prevailing interest rates. Sales of SPDAs can be expected to increase and
surrenders to decrease in interest rate environments when SPDA rates are higher
than rates offered by competing conservative fixed return investments, such as
bank certificates of deposit. SPDA sales can be expected to decline and
surrenders to increase in interest rate environments when this differential in
rates is not present (as has been the case during 1998). SPDA sales also can be
adversely affected by low interest rates (as has been the case during 1998).
The Company believes that the decline in the sale of the Company's SPDAs has
resulted primarily from this type of low interest rate environment. Conversely,
sales of variable annuities can be expected to increase and surrenders of such
products to decrease in
S-7
a rising equity market, low interest rate environment. Similarly sales of
equity-indexed annuities can be expected to increase and surrenders to decrease
in a rising equity market, low interest rate environment.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding Keyport's
retirement-oriented insurance products as of the dates indicated.
As of December 31,
---------------------------------
As of
June 30, 1998 1997 1996 1995
--------------- --------- --------- ---------
(dollars in millions)
Policy and Separate Account Liabilities:
Fixed annuities ....................... $ 8,252 $ 8,417 $ 8,641 $ 7,772
Indexed annuities ..................... 1,901 1,527 788 84
Variable annuities .................... 1,465 1,277 1,083 950
Life insurance ........................ 2,121 2,129 2,142 2,168
------- ------- ------- -------
Total ................................ $13,739 $13,350 $12,654 $10,974
======= ======= ======= =======
Sales and Asset Retention
Product sales are influenced primarily by overall market conditions
impacting the attractiveness of the Company's retirement-oriented insurance
products, and by product features including interest crediting and
participation rates, and innovations and services that distinguish the
Company's products from those of its competitors.
The Company's insurance products include important features designed to
promote both sales and asset retention, including crediting rates and, in most
cases, surrender charges. Initial interest crediting and participation rates on
fixed and indexed products significantly influence the sale of new policies.
Resetting of rates on SPDAs impacts retention of SPDA assets, particularly on
policies where surrender penalties have expired. At June 30, 1998, crediting
rates on 93.0% of the Company's in-force SPDA policy liabilities were subject
to reset during the succeeding 12 months. In setting crediting and
participation rates, the Company takes into account yield characteristics on
its investment portfolio, surrender rate assumptions and competitive industry
pricing. Interest crediting rates on the Company's SPDAs in force ranged from
4.30% to 7.75% at June 30, 1998. Such policies had guaranteed minimum rates
ranging from 3.0% to 5.5% as of such date. Initial interest crediting rates on
new policies issued in 1997 and on new policies issued in the six months ended
June 30, 1998 ranged from 4.60% to 7.94% and from 4.45% to 7.20%, respectively.
Guaranteed minimum rates on new policies issued ranged from 3.0% to 5.5% during
1997 and from 3.0% to 5.5% during the six months ended June 30, 1998.
All of the Company's insurance products permit the policyholder at anytime
to withdraw all or any part of the accumulated policy value. Premature
termination of a policy results in the loss by the Company of anticipated
future earnings related to the premium deposit and the accelerated recognition
of the expenses related to policy acquisition (principally commissions), which
otherwise are deferred and amortized over the life of the policy. Surrender
charges provide a measure of protection against premature withdrawal of policy
values. Substantially all of the Company's insurance products currently are
issued with surrender charges or similar penalties. Such surrender charges for
all policies, except KeyIndex, typically start at 7% of the policy premium and
then decline to zero over a five- to seven-year period. KeyIndex imposes a
penalty on surrender of up to 10% of the premium deposit for the life of the
policy. At June 30, 1998, 82.1% of the Company's SPDAs remained in the
surrender charge period. During the remaining six months of 1998, and during
1999 and 2000, policies having aggregate balances of $422.8 million, $1,132.9
million and $1,438.1 million, respectively, were scheduled as of June 30, 1998
to come off the surrender charge period. Surrender charges generally do not
apply to withdrawals by policyholders of, depending on the policy, either up to
10% per year of the then accumulated value or the accumulated returns. In
addition, certain policies may provide for charge-free withdrawals in certain
circumstances and at certain times. All policies except for certain variable
annuities also are subject to "free look" risk (the legal right of the
policyholder to cancel the policy and receive back the initial premium deposit,
without interest, for a period ranging from ten days to one year, depending
upon the policy). To the extent a policyholder exercises the "free look"
option, the Company may realize a loss as a result of any investment losses on
the underlying assets during the free look period, as well as the commissions
paid on the sale of the policy. While SPWLs also permit withdrawal, the
withdrawal generally would produce significant adverse tax consequences to the
policyholder.
S-8
Keyport's financial ratings are important to its ability to accumulate and
retain assets. Keyport is rated "A+" (superior) by A.M. Best, "AA" (excellent
financial security) by S&P, "A2" (good) by Moody's and AA- (very high
claims-paying ability) by Duff & Phelps. "A+" is A.M. Best's second highest
rating. Rating agencies periodically review the ratings they issue. In March
1998, S&P raised Keyport's rating from "AA-" to "AA." In September 1998,
Moody's reduced Keyport's rating from "A1" to "A2." A.M. Best is in the process
of its annual review of Keyport's ratings. These ratings are based upon
information supplied to the rating agency by Keyport. These ratings reflect the
opinion of the rating agency as to the relative financial strength of Keyport
and Keyport's ability to meet its contractual obligations to its policyholders.
Such ratings are not "market" ratings or recommendations to use or invest in
Keyport or the Company and should not be relied upon when making a decision to
invest in the Company or acquire the securities offered hereby. Many financial
institutions and broker-dealers focus on the claims-paying ability rating of an
insurer in determining whether to market the insurer's annuities. If any of
Keyport's ratings were downgraded from their current levels or if the ratings
of Keyport's competitors improved and Keyport's did not, sales of Keyport's
products, the level of surrenders on existing policies and the Company's
relationships with distributors could be materially adversely affected. No
assurance can be given that Keyport will be able to maintain its financial
ratings.
Customer service also is essential to asset accumulation and retention.
The Company believes Keyport has a reputation for excellent service to its
distributors and its policyholders. Keyport has developed advanced technology
systems for immediate response to customer inquiries, and rapid processing of
policy issuances and commission payments (often at the point of sale). These
systems also play an important role in controlling costs. Keyport's annualized
operating expenses for 1997 were 0.40% and 0.43% for the six months ended June
30, 1998 of assets, which reflects Keyport's low cost operations.
General Account Investments
Premium deposits on fixed and indexed annuities are credited to the
Company's general account investments (which at December 31, 1997 and June 30,
1998 totaled $13.5 billion and $13.8 billion, respectively). General account
investments include cash and cash equivalents. To maintain its investment
spreads at acceptable levels, the Company must earn returns on its general
account sufficiently in excess of the fixed or indexed returns credited to
policyholders. The key element of this investment process is asset/liability
management. Successful asset/liability management requires both a quantitative
assessment of overall policy liabilities (including maturities, surrenders and
crediting of interest) and prudent investment of general account assets. The
two most important tools in managing policy liabilities are setting crediting
rates and establishing surrender periods. The investment process requires
portfolio techniques that earn acceptable yields while effectively managing
both interest rate risk and credit risk. The Company emphasizes a conservative
approach to asset/liability management, which is oriented toward reducing
downside risk in adverse markets, as opposed to maximizing spread in favorable
markets. The approach is also designed to reduce earnings volatility. Various
factors can impact the Company's investment spread, including changes in
interest rates and other factors affecting the Company's general account
investments.
The bulk of the Company's general account investments are invested in
fixed maturity securities (83.3% at December 31, 1997 and 81.8% at June 30,
1998). The Company's principal strategy for managing interest rate risk is to
closely match the duration of its general account investment portfolio and its
policyholder balances. At December 31, 1997 and June 30, 1998, the duration of
its fixed maturity portfolio was approximately 2.9 and 3.0, respectively. The
Company also employs hedging strategies to manage this risk, including interest
rate swaps and caps. In the case of equity-indexed products, the Company
purchases S&P 500 Index call options to hedge its obligations to provide
participation rate returns. Credit risk is managed by careful credit analysis
and monitoring. A portion of general account investments (7.9% at December 31,
1997 and 8.0% at June 30, 1998) are invested in below investment grade fixed
maturity securities to enhance overall portfolio yield. Below investment grade
securities pose greater risks than investment grade securities. The Company
actively manages its below investment grade portfolio in an effort to optimize
its risk/return profile. Stein Roe manages the majority ($7.8 billion at
December 31, 1997 and $8.0 billion at June 30, 1998) of the Company's general
account investments. In addition, several unaffiliated parties manage portions
of its general account investments in order to obtain diversification of
investment styles and asset classes.
S-9
The Company's general account investments, all of which pertain to the
Company's annuity insurance operations, were comprised of the following as of
the dates indicated (in millions):
As of
December 31,
-------------------------------
As of
June 30, 1998 1997 1996
--------------- -------------- --------------
Fixed maturities available for sale ......... $ 11,272.2 $ 11,246.5 $ 10,718.6
Mortgage loans .............................. 57.7 60.7 67.0
Policy loans ................................ 574.0 554.7 532.8
Other invested assets ....................... 583.1 440.8 183.6
Equity securities ........................... 67.7 40.8 35.9
----------- ----------- -----------
Investments ................................. 12,554.7 12,343.5 11,537.9
Cash and cash equivalents ................... 1,230.6 1,162.4 767.4
----------- ----------- -----------
General account investments ................. $ 13,785.3 $ 13,505.9 $ 12,305.3
=========== =========== ===========
As of June 30, 1998, the Company owned approximately $3.5 billion of
mortgage-backed securities (25.2% of its general account investments), 96.6% of
which were investment grade. Mortgage-backed securities are subject to
significant prepayment and extension risks, since the underlying mortgages may
be repaid more or less rapidly than scheduled.
As of June 30, 1998, approximately $3.5 billion (25.3% of the Company's
general account investments) were invested in securities which were sold
without registration under the Securities Act and were not freely tradeable
under the Securities Act or which were otherwise illiquid. These securities may
be resold pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Securities Act.
If the Company sought to sell such securities, it might be unable to do so at
the then current carrying values and might have to dispose of such securities
over extended periods of time at uncertain levels.
Investment Management
Liberty has three types of investment management products: mutual funds,
wealth management, and institutional asset management. As of June 30, 1998, the
Company had four separate operating units engaged in investment management:
Colonial, Stein Roe, Newport and LAMCO. See "--Recent Developments." The
Company's primary financial objectives with respect to its investment
management businesses are to increase assets under management in each of its
three core products, and to improve operating margins through increasing scale
and cost savings produced by integration.
Products and Services
o Mutual Funds. As of June 30, 1998, the Company sponsored 71 open-end
mutual funds, as well as 7 closed-end funds. The open-end funds include
the 38 intermediary-distributed Colonial mutual funds, 19 direct-marketed
Stein Roe funds and 14 other funds included among the investment options
available under the Company's variable annuities. The closed-end funds
include 5 Colonial funds and 2 LAMCO funds. At June 30, 1998 total mutual
fund assets were $27.9 billion. At June 30, 1998 51.8% of these assets
were invested in equity funds, 25.6% in taxable fixed income funds and
22.6% in tax-exempt fixed income funds. The Company seeks to increase
equity mutual fund assets, which generally carry higher fees than funds
that invest in fixed income securities.
o Wealth Management. At June 30, 1998, the Company managed $7.4 billion in
investment portfolios for high net worth individuals and families and
smaller institutional investors, all of which are managed by Stein Roe.
o Institutional Asset Management. At June 30, 1998, the Company managed $5.7
billion of investment portfolios for institutional investors such as
insurance companies, public and private retirement funds, endowments,
foundations and other institutions. Most of these assets are managed by
Stein Roe. Stein Roe also manages the majority of Keyport's general
account assets supporting Keyport's insurance products. See
"--Retirement-Oriented Insurance Products--General Account Investments."
S-10
The Company's investment management business focuses on managing the
investments of each client's portfolios in accordance with the client's
investment objectives and policies. The Company also provides related
administrative and support services to clients, such as portfolio pricing,
accounting and reporting. Investment management fees and related administrative
and support fees generally are charged as a percentage of assets under
management. Client accounts are managed pursuant to a written agreement which,
with limited exceptions, is terminable at any time upon relatively short notice
(typically 30-60 days).
In the case of mutual fund clients, all services provided by the Company
are subject to the supervision of the fund's Board of Trustees. Additional
administrative services provided to mutual funds include provision of office
space, other facilities and personnel, marketing and distribution services, and
transfer agency and other shareholder support services. Investment management
fees paid by a mutual fund must be approved annually by the fund's Board of
Trustees, including a majority of the independent Trustees. Any increases in
such fees also must be approved by fund shareholders. Most of the Company's
mutual fund assets are held in open-end funds. Shareholders of open-end funds
generally can redeem their shares on any business day.
The Company's direct-market mutual funds are sold without a sales load.
The Company's intermediary- distributed mutual funds generally offer investors
a choice of three pricing options: (1) a traditional front-end load option, in
which the investor pays a sales charge at the time of purchase; (2) a
contingent deferred sales charge, in which the investor pays no sales charge at
the time of purchase, but is subject to an asset-based sales charge paid by the
fund generally for eight years after purchase and a declining contingent
deferred sales charge paid by the investor if shares are redeemed generally
within six years after purchase; and (3) a level-load option, in which the
investor pays a small initial sales charge, and is subject to an on-going
asset-based sales charge paid by the fund and a small contingent deferred sales
charge paid by the investor if shares are redeemed within one year after
purchase. Colonial is currently a party to a revolving credit facility with
certain lenders, pursuant to which such lenders have agreed to lend up to $58
million to Colonial to finance the sale of shares of the mutual funds sponsored
by Colonial which have contingent deferred sales charges.
S-11
The following tables present certain information regarding the Company's
assets under management as of or for the six month period ended June 30, 1998
and as of or for each year in the three-year period ended December 31, 1997.
Such information includes Keyport's assets (including its general account
investments managed by Stein Roe, as well as loans to policyholders and
Keyport's general account investments managed by unaffiliated investment
managers). In addition, certain information is provided separately for mutual
fund assets. Such information does not reflect the Crabbe Huson and SGAM
acquisitions, each of which closed or is expected to close after June 30, 1998.
The stock market, and consequently the value of the Company's fee-based assets
under management, declined since June 30, 1998. See "--Recent Developments" and
"MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITIONS."
Total Assets Under Management(1)
------------------------------------------------------
As of December 31,
------------------------------------
As of
June 30, 1998 1997 1996 1995
--------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(dollars in billions)
Mutual funds:
Intermediary-distributed ...................... $ 16.6 $ 16.1 $ 16.1 $ 15.7
Direct-marketed ............................... 7.5 7.2 6.6 4.8
Closed-end .................................... 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.8
Variable annuity .............................. 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0
------- ------- ------- -------
Total mutual funds ........................... 27.9 26.8 25.7 23.3
Wealth Management .............................. 7.4 6.6 5.3 4.5
Institutional asset management ................. 5.7 5.3 4.9 4.1
Retirement-oriented insurance products ......... 13.1 12.8 12.1 10.6
------- ------- ------- -------
Total .......................................... $ 54.1 $ 51.5 $ 48.0 $ 42.5
======= ======= ======= =======
Fee-based assets:
Equity ........................................ $ 19.9 $ 18.2 $ 16.1 $ 11.4
Fixed-income .................................. 21.1 20.5 19.8 20.5
------- ------- ------- -------
Total fee-based assets ....................... 41.0 38.7 35.9 31.9
Retirement-oriented insurance products ......... 13.1 12.8 12.1 10.6
------- ------- ------- -------
Total .......................................... $ 54.1 $ 51.5 $ 48.0 $ 42.5
======= ======= ======= =======
Equity funds ................................... $ 14.5 $ 13.3 $ 12.1 $ 8.6
Fixed-income funds:
Taxable ....................................... 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.4
Tax-exempt .................................... 6.3 6.5 6.6 7.3
------- ------- ------- -------
Total .......................................... $ 27.9 $ 26.8 $ 25.7 $ 23.3
======= ======= ======= =======
Assets under management--beginning ............. $ 51.5 $ 48.0 $ 42.5 $ 25.6
Sales and reinvestments ........................ 4.7 7.5 8.6 5.8
Redemptions and withdrawals .................... ( 4.0) ( 7.8) ( 6.9) ( 9.4)
Asset acquisitions ............................. -- -- 1.2 14.9
Net insurance cash flows ....................... 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.6
Market appreciation ............................ 1.5 3.1 1.9 5.0
------- ------- ------- -------
Assets under management--ending ................ $ 54.1 $ 51.5 $ 48.0 $ 42.5
======= ======= ======= =======
- ------------
(1) Balanced funds are classified as equity funds; all categories include cash
and other short-term investments in applicable portfolios.
S-12
Sales and Asset Retention
The Company believes that the most important factors in accumulating and
retaining investment management assets are investment performance, customer
service and brand name recognition. Strong investment performance is crucial to
asset accumulation and retention, regardless of the product or distribution
channel. Performance is particularly important for mutual funds, whether
intermediary-distributed or direct-marketed. Fifty-three of the Company's 71
open-end mutual funds were long-term funds as of August 31, 1998 (defined as
open-end funds having at least a three-year performance record, excluding funds
that invest solely in money market securities). Thirty-eight of those 53 funds
(representing 85.4% of the total assets in those 53 funds as of August 31,
1998) were ranked by Lipper in the top two quartiles of their respective peer
groups for the three-year period ended that date. The Company believes that
over time, more sophisticated tools, such as those employed by consultants to
institutional investors, will become available to consumers for analyzing
mutual fund performance and risk. The Company's investment performance must
remain competitive for the Company to maintain assets under management and to
grow investment management product sales and assets.
The Company believes that, in light of the proliferation of mutual funds
and investment managers, strong brand name recognition in relevant distribution
channels is essential to asset accumulation and retention, particularly with
respect to mutual funds. The Company believes that the Colonial name carries
strong brand name recognition among brokers and other intermediaries selling
mutual funds, and that the Stein Roe name carries similar recognition in the
direct sales channel. Similarly, the Company believes that Stein Roe has a
franchise presence in the wealth management market and that Newport is a
recognized leader in investments in the Asian markets.
Sales of mutual funds and other investment management products are subject
to market forces, such as changes in interest rates and stock market
performance. Changes in the financial markets, including significant increases
or decreases in interest rates or stock prices, can increase or decrease fund
sales and redemptions, as well as the values of assets in such portfolios, all
of which impact investment management fees. The competitiveness of the
Company's investment management products (both in terms of new sales and asset
retention) also is dependent on the relative attractiveness of their underlying
investment philosophies and methods under prevailing market conditions. The
present market reflects both low interest rates and a decline in the securities
markets since June 30, 1998.
Distribution
Liberty sells its products through multiple distribution channels. Total
product sales for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and for the year ended
December 31, 1997 were $4.7 billion and $7.5 billion, respectively (including
$0.4 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, of reinvested dividends and
similar reinvested returns). During the six months ended June 30, 1998 and
during 1997, 53% and 59%, respectively, of these sales were made through
intermediary distributors, with the balance made directly to the investor.
Distribution Through Intermediaries
The Company sells both annuities and mutual funds through various
intermediaries, including national and regional brokerage firms, banks and
other depository institutions, financial planners and insurance agents. The
Company's annuities and mutual funds are most often sold to middle and
upper-middle class investors and savers. Many of these individuals seek the
help of an investment professional in selecting investment and retirement
income and savings products. In each of these intermediary channels, the
Company provides products, as well as promotional materials and other support
services.
Reflecting its diversification strategy, the Company maintains
distribution relationships with several different types of intermediaries.
Intermediary-distributed mutual funds and annuities historically have been
distributed through brokerage firms and insurance agents. Banks and financial
planners also have become significant distributors of these products.
The Company employs wholesalers and other sales professionals to promote
sales of its intermediary-distributed products. These representatives meet with
intermediaries' sales forces to educate them on matters such as product
objectives, features, performance records and other key selling points. The
Company also produces marketing material designed to help intermediaries sell
the Company's products, and provides after-sale support to both the
intermediaries and their customers. The degree and mix of these services vary
with the requirements of the particular intermediary.
S-13
The Company was a pioneer in selling through banks, both in terms of
helping banks develop marketing programs and in establishing wholesaling
relationships with banks. The Company operates a sales unit, Independent, that
sells mutual funds and annuities through banks. The Company acquired
Independent in March 1996. Since the acquisition, the Company has consolidated
its prior bank sales unit, the Liberty Financial Bank Group, with Independent.
These businesses design and implement programs that sell annuities and mutual
funds through their client banks, license and train sales personnel, and
provide related financial services and administrative support. Program
structures and the degree of the Company's involvement vary widely depending
upon the particular needs of each bank. Products sold include the Company's
proprietary products, as well as non-proprietary products (including in some
cases the bank's proprietary mutual funds).
The proliferation of competing products and the market presence of certain
large competitors requires the Company to compete to establish and maintain
distribution relationships and to maintain "shelf space" with distributors.
Many of the larger distributors have begun to reduce the number of companies
for whom they distribute. Product features, relative performance, pricing and
support services to distributors and their customers are important factors in
competing for distribution relationships. Some distributors assess fee sharing
payments or similar charges as additional compensation for fund sales. The
Company can be confronted with the choice of absorbing these charges or
limiting its access to certain distributors. An interruption in the Company's
continuing relationship with certain of these distributors could materially
adversely affect the Company's ability to sell its products. There can be no
assurance that the Company would be able to find alternative sources of
distribution in a timely manner.
The sales practices and support needs of the Company's distributors are
constantly evolving. The Company must respond to these changes in order to
maintain and grow its intermediary distribution relationships. Pricing
structures in these channels, particularly with respect to mutual funds, have
expanded in recent years from one-time up-front sales loads to additional
options that shift investors' payments over time and move somewhat toward fee-
based pricing. The Company's intermediary-distributed mutual funds now are sold
with alternate pricing structures. Intermediaries also increasingly demand that
product providers supply new value-added services.
Direct Distribution
The Company's direct-marketed mutual funds, as well as its wealth
management and institutional asset management services, are sold directly to
investors. The Company's direct-marketed mutual funds are purchased
predominantly by middle and upper-middle class investors and savers who choose
to select their own funds and who wish to avoid paying sales loads and similar
fees. Wealth management clients typically are high net worth individuals and
families. Institutional asset management clients typically are larger
institutional investors managed by in-house professional staffs that select and
oversee asset managers, often with the advice of third party consultants.
In each of the direct sales markets served by the Company, investment
performance is essential to generating sales and retaining customers. Mutual
fund sales also require robust marketing campaigns using print, radio and
television advertising and direct mail that highlight performance and other
selling points. The Company believes that certain technology-based customer
service and support tools it is developing, including on-line account access
and interactive illustrative investment tools, can become important devices in
accumulating and retaining assets in the direct distribution channels. Stein
Roe's reputation as a high quality asset manager is the most important factor
in generating new wealth and institutional asset management clients. Active
management of the client relationship, including frequent personal contacts, is
necessary to retain these clients.
So-called "mutual fund supermarkets," such as Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.'s
OneSource[TM], have become an important source of customers for direct-marketed
mutual funds. During the six months ended June 30, 1998 and during 1997, 39%
and 38%, respectively, of the total new sales of the Stein Roe mutual funds
were through mutual fund supermarkets and similar arrangements. To access these
marketplaces, the Company pays the supermarket sponsor a fee based upon a
percentage of mutual fund assets held by supermarket customers in return for
certain services provided by the supermarket sponsor, such as omnibus
shareholder accounting. Financial planners and similar unaffiliated advisors
sometimes serve as sources of referrals for wealth management clients, in some
cases in return for referral fees or other compensation.
S-14
Industry Segment Information
Liberty conducts its business in two industry segments: annuity insurance
and asset management. Annuity insurance operations relate primarily to the
Company's fixed, indexed and variable annuities and its closed-block of SPWLs.
Asset management operations relate to its mutual funds, wealth management and
institutional asset management products. For information on these industry
segments, see Note 12 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the
Company contained in the 1997 Form 10-K.
SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data as of and for the years
ended December 31, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994 and 1993 have been derived from the
Company's Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been audited by the
Company's independent auditors. The balance sheet data as of June 30, 1998 and
1997 and the income statement data for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and
1997 have been derived from unaudited financial statements of the Company
which, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only
of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the
financial position and the results of operations for the unaudited interim
periods. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 1998 are
not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full
year or for any future period. The data presented below includes data for
acquired entities from and after the applicable acquisition date (the most
significant being Colonial, which was acquired on March 24, 1995). The data
presented does not include data from Crabbe Huson or SGAM, each of which was
acquired or is expected to be acquired after June 30, 1998. The data presented
should be read in conjunction with the financial statements of the Company and
the notes thereto contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 1997, and the Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q
for the quarters ended March 31, 1998, June 30, 1998 and September 30, 1998,
which are incorporated by reference into this Prospectus Supplement and the
accompanying Prospectus and "MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION."
As of or for the
Six Months
Ended As of or for the
June 30, Year Ended December 31,
----------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
(unaudited) (in millions, except per share data)
Income Statement Data:
Investment income .............. $ 409.7 $ 420.2 $ 853.1 $ 796.4 $ 761.8 $ 695.1 $ 675.3
Interest credited to
policyholders ................. (282.3) (294.5) (594.1) (572.7) (555.8) (481.9) (504.2)
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Investment spread .............. 127.4 125.7 259.0 223.7 206.0 213.2 171.1
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net realized investment
gains (losses) ................ ( 0.2) 16.0 25.9 8.0 ( 4.0) ( 8.2) 11.4
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Fee income:
Investment advisory and
administrative fees .......... 116.1 105.7 217.9 196.4 155.8 95.9 98.9
Distribution and service
fees .......................... 25.8 24.0 49.2 44.9 28.9 -- --
Transfer agency fees .......... 24.7 23.3 47.7 43.9 30.8 4.0 5.4
Surrender charges and net
commissions .................. 18.0 17.5 36.1 34.7 23.4 20.0 22.9
Separate account fees ......... 10.1 8.0 17.1 16.0 13.2 12.5 8.0
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total fee income ............. 194.7 178.5 368.0 335.9 252.1 132.4 135.2
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
S-15
As of or for the
Six Months
Ended As of or for the
June 30, Year Ended December 31,
--------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------ ------------
(unaudited) (in millions, except per share data)
Expenses:
Operating expenses(1) ......... $ (160.0) $ (151.4) $ (309.7) $ (277.9) $ (225.1) $ (174.9) $ (178.9)
Amortization of deferred
policy acquisition costs (37.3) (35.7) (75.9) (60.2) (58.5) (52.2) ( 41.0)
Amortization of deferred
distribution costs .......... (18.1) (16.9) (34.2) (33.9) (18.8) -- --
Amortization of value of
insurance in force .......... (2.7) (5.1) (10.5) (10.2) (9.5) (17.0) ( 22.4)
Amortization of intangible
assets ...................... (7.1) (6.5) (13.5) (15.4) (12.2) (5.8) ( 15.0)
Interest expense, net ......... (7.8) (8.9) (17.0) (19.7) (16.2) (4.2) --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------
Total expenses ............... (233.0) ( 224.5) (460.8) (417.3) (340.3) (254.1) ( 257.3)
Pretax income .................. 88.9 95.7 192.1 150.3 113.8 83.3 60.4
Income tax expense ............. (27.7) ( 30.7) (62.6) (49.6) (39.9) (32.5) ( 29.1)
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------
Net income ..................... $ 61.2 $ 65.0 $ 129.5 $ 100.7 $ 73.9 $ 50.8 $ 31.3
=========== =========== =========== =========== =========== ========== ==========
Per Share Data:
Net income--basic ............. $ 1.35 $ 1.49 $ 2.94 $ 2.36 $ 1.85 $ 1.49 $ 0.91
Net income--assuming
dilution .................... 1.29 1.40 2.77 2.24 1.76 1.43 0.88
Dividends on common
stock(2) .................... 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.30 -- --
Dividends on convertible
preferred stock ............. 1.44 1.44 2.88 2.88 2.21 -- --
Book value .................... 27.83 25.62 26.82 24.42 23.03 18.25 18.67
Other Operating Data:
Net operating income(3) ....... $ 61.3 $ 54.5 $ 112.4 $ 94.8 $ 76.5 $ 56.2 $ 23.9
Net realized investment
gains (losses), net of
taxes ....................... (0.1) 10.5 17.1 5.9 (2.6) (5.4) 7.4
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------
Net income ................... $ 61.2 $ 65.0 $ 129.5 $ 100.7 $ 73.9 $ 50.8 $ 31.3
=========== =========== =========== =========== =========== ========== ==========
Balance Sheet Data:
Total investments ............. $ 12,554.7 $ 12,032.6 $ 12,343.5 $ 11,537.9 $ 10,144.7 $ 8,590.2 $ 8,411.7
Intangible assets ............. 199.1 201.6 199.0 205.4 192.3 29.3 35.2
Total assets .................. 16,405.0 15,429.4 15,851.6 14,427.7 12,749.4 10,968.8 10,324.6
Notes payable to affiliates 229.0 229.0 229.0 229.0 229.0 75.0 --
Series A redeemable
convertible preferred stock 14.9 14.2 14.6 13.8 13.0 -- --
Stockholders' equity .......... 1,266.7 1,118.8 1,198.9 1,051.4 956.4 624.7 638.8
Shares of common stock
outstanding ................. 45.5 43.7 44.7 43.1 41.5 34.2 34.2
- ----------------
(1) In 1993, the Company recognized a $22.1 million option plan compensation
charge, which primarily reflected a revision in the benefit plan formula
from an earnings-based formula to one based upon 104% of book value.
(2) The amount for 1995 does not include a non-cash dividend of $30.0 million
paid to an affiliate of Liberty Mutual. See Note 5 of Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3) Net operating income is defined as net income, excluding net realized
investment gains and losses, net of related income taxes.
S-16
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth the consolidated capitalization of Liberty
and its subsidiaries as of September 30, 1998 and as adjusted to give effect to
the consummation of the offering of the Notes. See "USE OF PROCEEDS." The
following data should be read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated
Financial Statements and notes thereto, which are incorporated herein by
reference.
September 30, 1998
--------------------------
Actual As Adjusted
----------- ------------
(in millions)
Short-term debt ................................................ $ 123.5 $ 33.5
--------- ---------
Long-term debt:
6-3/4% notes due November 15, 2008 ............................ -- 300.0
7-5/8% debentures due November 15, 2028 ....................... -- 150.0
8.0% promissory note due April 3, 2000 ........................ 99.0 --
8.0% promissory note due March 31, 2000 ....................... 30.0 --
8.5% promissory notes due March 24, 2005 ...................... 100.0 100.0
--------- ---------
Total long-term debt .......................................... 229.0 550.0
--------- ---------
Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $.01;
authorized, issued and outstanding 324,759 shares ............. 15.1 15.1
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value $.01; authorized 100,000,000
shares, issued and outstanding 45,987,826 shares ............ 0.5 0.5
Additional paid-in capital .................................... 896.5 896.5
Accumulated other comprehensive income ........................ 54.7 54.7
Retained earnings ............................................. 331.3 331.3
Unearned compensation ......................................... (4.5) (4.5)
--------- ---------
Total stockholders' equity .................................. 1,278.5 1,278.5
--------- ---------
Total capitalization ........................................ $ 1,646.1 $ 1,877.1
========= =========
S-17
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
The foregoing discussion is subject to and should be read in conjunction
with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto
which are incorporated herein by reference.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 1998 and 1997
Net Income was $29.7 million or $0.63 per share for the quarter ended June
30, 1998 compared to $30.0 million or $0.65 per share for the quarter ended
June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, net income was $61.2 million
or $1.29 per share compared to $65.0 million or $1.40 per share for the first
six months of 1997. These decreases resulted largely from net realized
investment losses in 1998 compared to net realized investment gains in 1997 and
higher operating expenses. Partially offsetting these items were higher fee
income and lower interest expense, net and income tax expense.
Pretax Income was $43.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998
compared to $43.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first
six months of 1998, pretax income was $88.9 million compared to $95.7 million
for the first six months of 1997. These decreases resulted largely from net
realized investment losses in 1998 compared to net realized investment gains in
1997 and higher operating expenses. Partially offsetting these items were
higher fee income and lower interest expense, net.
Investment Spread is the amount by which investment income earned on the
Company's investments exceeds interest credited on policyholder balances.
Investment spread was $62.1 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998
compared to $65.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. The amount by
which the average yield on investments exceeds the average interest credited
rate on policyholder balances is the investment spread percentage. The
investment spread percentage for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 was 1.76%
compared to 1.98% for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months
of 1998, investment spread was $127.4 million compared to $125.7 million for
the first six months of 1997. The investment spread percentage was 1.82% for
the first six months of 1998 compared to 1.95% for the first six months of
1997.
Investment income was $202.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998
compared to $212.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. The decrease of
$9.9 million in 1998 compared to 1997 primarily relates to an $18.5 million
decrease resulting from a lower average investment yield, partially offset by
an $8.6 million increase as a result of the higher level of average invested
assets. The 1998 investment income was net of $17.9 million of S&P 500 Index
call option amortization expense related to the Company's equity-indexed
annuities compared to $9.8 million in 1997. The average investment yield was
6.37% for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to 6.97% for the quarter
ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, investment income was
$409.7 million compared to $420.2 million for the first six months of 1997. The
decrease of $10.5 million in 1998 compared to 1997 primarily relates to a $28.8
million decrease resulting from a lower average investment yield, partially
offset by an $18.3 million increase as a result of the higher level of average
invested assets. The 1998 investment income was net of $35.2 million of S&P 500
Index call option amortization expense related to the Company's equity-indexed
annuities compared to $17.6 million in 1997. The average investment yield was
6.48% for the first six months of 1998 compared to 6.96% for the first six
months of 1997.
Interest credited to policyholders totaled $140.2 million for the quarter
ended June 30, 1998 compared to $147.2 million for the quarter ended June 30,
1997. The decrease of $7.0 million in 1998 compared to 1997 primarily relates
to an $11.1 million decrease resulting from a lower average interest credited
rate, partially offset by a $4.1 million increase as a result of a higher level
of average policyholder balances. Policyholder balances averaged $12.2 billion
(including $10.4 billion of fixed products, consisting of fixed annuities and
the closed block of single premium whole life insurance, and $1.8 billion of
equity-indexed annuities) for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to $11.8
billion (including $10.7 billion of fixed products and $1.1 billion of
equity-indexed annuities) for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. The average
interest credited rate was 4.61% (5.31% on fixed products and 0.85% on
equity-indexed annuities) for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to 4.99%
(5.42% on fixed products and 0.85% on equity-indexed annuities) for the quarter
ended June 30, 1997. Keyport's equity-indexed annuities credit interest to the
policyholder at a "participation rate" equal to a portion (ranging for existing
policies from 55% to 95%) of the change in value of the S&P 500 Index.
Keyport's equity-indexed annuities also provide a full guarantee of principal
if held to term, plus interest at 0.85% annually. For each of the periods
presented, the interest credited to equity-indexed policyholders related to the
participation rate was
S-18
offset by investment income recognized on the S&P 500 Index call options
resulting in a 0.85% net credited rate. For the first six months of 1998,
interest credited to policyholders totaled $282.3 million compared to $294.5
million for the first six months of 1997. The decrease of $12.2 million in 1998
compared to 1997 primarily relates to a $21.0 million decrease resulting from a
lower average interest credited rate, partially offset by an $8.8 million
increase as a result of a higher level of average policyholder balances.
Policyholder balances averaged $12.1 billion (including $10.4 billion of fixed
products, consisting of fixed annuities and the closed block of single premium
whole life insurance, and $1.7 billion of equity-indexed annuities) for the
first six months of 1998 compared to $11.7 billion (including $10.8 billion of
fixed products and $0.9 billion of equity-indexed annuities) for the first six
months of 1997. The average interest credited rate was 4.66% (5.31% on fixed
products and 0.85% on equity-indexed annuities) for the first six months of
1998 compared to 5.01% (5.39% on fixed products and 0.85% on equity-indexed
annuities) for the first six months of 1997.
Average Investments in the Company's general account (computed without
giving effect to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115
"Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities"), including
a portion of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, were $12.7 billion for
the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to $12.2 billion for the quarter ended
June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, such average investments were
$12.7 billion compared to $12.1 billion for the first six months of 1997. These
increases primarily relate to net insurance cash flows for the twelve months
ended June 30, 1998.
Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) were $(2.4) million for the quarter
ended June 30, 1998 compared to $3.1 million for the quarter ended June 30,
1997. For the first six months of 1998, net realized investment gains (losses)
were $(0.2) million compared to $16.0 million for the first six months of 1997.
Sales of fixed maturity investments generally are made to maximize total
return. The net realized investment losses in 1998 included losses on the sales
of fixed maturity investments of $1.7 million largely offset by gains on sales
of general corporate securities of $1.5 million. The net realized investment
gains in 1997 included gains on the sales of fixed maturity investments of $8.1
million and gains on redemption of seed money investments in separate account
mutual funds sponsored by the Company of $7.4 million. In addition, there were
$0.5 million in gains related to sales of general corporate securities.
Investment Advisory and Administrative Fees are based on the market value
of assets managed for mutual funds, wealth management and institutional
investors. Investment advisory and administrative fees were $59.3 million for
the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to $52.6 million for the quarter ended
June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, investment advisory and
administrative fees were $116.1 million compared to $105.7 million for the
first six months of 1997. These increases during 1998 compared to 1997
primarily reflect a higher level of average fee-based assets under management.
Average fee-based assets under management were $40.7 billion for the
quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to $36.1 billion for the quarter ended
June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, average fee-based assets were
$40.0 billion compared to $36.1 billion for the first six months of 1997. These
increases during 1998 compared to 1997 resulted from both market appreciation
and net sales for the twelve months ended June 30, 1998. Investment advisory
and administrative fees were 0.58% of average fee-based assets under management
for the quarters ended June 30, 1998 and 1997. For the first six months of 1998
and 1997, such percentages were 0.58% and 0.59%, respectively.
The amount of fee-based assets under management is affected by product
sales and redemptions and by changes in the market values of such assets under
management. Fee-based assets under management and changes in such assets are
set forth in the tables below (in billions).
The Company's product sales and asset levels are affected by certain
economic and market factors, such as changes in interest rates and stock
prices. These factors can influence, among other things, products sales and the
value of assets under management. Fee income represents a substantial portion
of the Company's revenues and is based on the value of fee-based assets under
management. The stock market, and consequently the value of the Company's
fee-based assets under management, have declined since June 30, 1998. As of
August 31, 1998, the Company's fee-based assets under management (excluding
$2.1 billion obtained in an acquisition on August 31, 1998) were approximately
$37.8 billion, as compared to approximately $41.1 billion as of June 30, 1998
and $38.8 billion at December 31, 1997. Accordingly, the Company's fee income
for the quarter ending September 30, 1998, and possibly for future periods, may
be lower than its fee income for the quarter ended June 30, 1998. Adverse
economic conditions and other factors, including a protracted or precipitous
decline in stock market and other economic conditions that affect the demand
for the Company's products and services, may have an adverse effect on the
Company's results of operations and financial condition.
S-19
Fee-Based Assets Under Management
As of June 30
-----------------------
1998 1997
---------- ----------
Mutual Funds:
Intermediary-distributed .......................... $ 16.6 $ 16.3
Direct-market ..................................... 7.5 6.9
Closed-end ........................................ 2.4 2.1
Variable annuity .................................. 1.4 1.2
------- -------
27.9 26.5
Wealth Management .................................. 7.4 6.0
Institutional ...................................... 5.7 5.0
------- -------
Total fee-based assets under management* ......... $ 41.0 $ 37.5
======= =======
* As of June 30, 1998 and 1997, Keyport's insurance assets of $13.1 billion and
$12.5 billion, respectively, bring total assets under management to $54.1
billion and $50.0 billion, respectively.
Changes in Fee-Based Assets Under Management
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
June 30 June 30
----------------------- -----------------------
1998 1997 1998 1997
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Fee-based assets under management--
beginning .................................... $ 40.8 $ 34.8 $ 38.7 $ 35.9
Sales and reinvestments ....................... 2.2 1.4 4.1 3.2
Redemptions and withdrawals ................... (1.4) (1.4) (3.1) (3.4)
Market appreciation (depreciation) ............ (0.6) 2.7 1.3 1.8
------- ------- ------- -------
Fee-based assets under management--ending ..... $ 41.0 $ 37.5 $ 41.0 $ 37.5
======= ======= ======= =======
Distribution and Service Fees are based on the market value of the
Company's intermediary-distributed mutual funds. Distribution fees of 0.75% are
earned on the average assets attributable to such funds sold with contingent
deferred sales charges, and service fees of 0.25% (net of amounts passed on to
selling brokers) are generally earned on the total of such average mutual fund
assets. These fees totaled $13.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998
compared to $11.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first
six months of 1998, distribution and service fees were $25.8 million compared
to $24.0 million for the first six months of 1997. These increases during 1998
compared to 1997 were primarily attributable to the higher asset levels of
mutual funds with contingent deferred sales charges. As a percentage of
weighted average assets, distribution and service fees were approximately 0.71%
and 0.70% for the quarters ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively. For the
first six months of 1998 and 1997, such percentages were 0.72% and 0.70%,
respectively.
Transfer Agency Fees are based on the market value of assets managed in
the Company's intermediary-distributed and direct-marketed mutual funds. Such
fees were $12.5 million on average assets of $25.5 billion for the quarter
ended June 30, 1998 and $11.5 million on average assets of $23.5 billion for
the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, transfer
agency fees were $24.7 million on average assets of $25.2 billion and $23.3
million on average assets of $23.7 billion for the first six months of 1997. As
a percentage of total average mutual fund assets under management, transfer
agency fees were approximately 0.20% for the quarters ended June 30, 1998 and
1997. For the first six months of 1998 and 1997, such percentages were also
0.20%.
Surrender Charges and Net Commissions are revenues earned on: (a) the
early withdrawal of annuity policyholder balances and redemptions of the
intermediary-distributed mutual funds which were sold with contingent deferred
sales charges; (b) the distribution of the Company's intermediary-distributed
mutual funds (net of the substantial portion of such commissions that is passed
on to the selling brokers); and (c) the sales of non-proprietary products in
the Company's bank marketing businesses (net of commissions that are paid to
the Company's client banks and brokers). Total surrender charges and net
commissions were $9.6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to
$9.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months of
1998, total surrender charges and net commissions were $18.0 million compared
to $17.5 million for the first six months of 1997.
S-20
Surrender charges on fixed, equity-indexed and variable annuity
withdrawals generally are assessed at declining rates applied to policyholder
withdrawals during the first five to seven years of the contract; contingent
deferred sales charges on mutual fund redemptions are assessed at declining
rates on amounts redeemed generally during the first six years. Such charges
totaled $6.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 and $5.3 million for
the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, surrender
charges were $11.8 million compared to $10.1 million for the first six months
of 1997. Total annuity withdrawals represented 14.7% and 10.9% of the total
average annuity policyholder and separate account balances for the quarters
ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively. For the first six months of 1998
and 1997, the corresponding percentages were 14.4% and 11.0%, respectively. Net
commissions were $3.1 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 and $3.7
million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998,
net commissions were $6.2 million compared to $7.4 million for the first six
months of 1997.
Separate Account Fees are primarily mortality and expense charges earned
on variable annuity and variable life policyholder balances. These fees, which
are based on the market values of the assets in separate accounts supporting
the contracts, were $5.4 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared
to $4.1 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months
of 1998, separate account fees were $10.1 million compared to $8.0 million for
the first six months of 1997. Such fees represented 1.51% and 1.50% of average
variable annuity and variable life separate account balances for the quarters
ended June 30, 1998 and 1997, respectively. For the first six months of 1998
and 1997, such percentages were 1.47% and 1.52%, respectively.
Operating Expenses primarily represent compensation, marketing, and other
general and administrative expenses. These expenses were $80.1 million for the
quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to $75.6 million for the quarter ended
June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, operating expenses were $160.0
million compared to $151.4 million for the first six months of 1997. These
increases during 1998 compared to 1997 were primarily due to increases in
compensation and marketing expenses. Operating expenses expressed as a percent
of average total assets under management were 0.60% for the quarter ended June
30, 1998 compared to 0.63% for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first
six months of 1998 and 1997, such percentages were 0.61% and 0.63%,
respectively.
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs relates to the costs of
acquiring new business which vary with, and are primarily related to, the
production of new annuity business. Such costs include commissions, costs of
policy issuance and underwriting and selling expenses. Amortization was $18.3
million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to $19.4 million for the
quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, amortization of
deferred policy acquisition costs was $37.3 million compared to $35.7 million
for the first six months of 1997. The increase during 1998 compared to 1997 was
primarily related to the increase in investment spread from the growth of
business in force associated with fixed and indexed products and the increased
sales of variable annuity products. Amortization expense represented 29.5% and
29.8% of investment spread for the quarters ended June 30, 1998 and 1997,
respectively. For the first six months of 1998 and 1997, the corresponding
percentages were 29.3% and 28.4%, respectively.
Amortization of Deferred Distribution Costs relates to the deferred sales
commissions acquired in connection with the Colonial acquisition and the
distribution of mutual fund shares sold with contingent deferred sales charges.
Amortization was $9.1 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to
$8.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months of
1998, amortization of deferred distribution costs was $18.1 million compared to
$16.9 million for the first six months of 1997. These increases during 1998
compared to 1997 were primarily attributable to the continuing sales of such
fund shares during 1998 and 1997.
Amortization of Value of Insurance in Force relates to the
actuarially-determined present value of projected future gross profits from
policies in force at the date of acquisition. Amortization totaled $1.2 million
for the quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to $1.9 million for the quarter
ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998, amortization of value of
insurance in force was $2.7 million compared to $5.1 million for the first six
months of 1997. These decreases during 1998 compared to 1997 were primarily due
to reduced amortization related to a change in mortality assumptions.
Amortization of Intangible Assets relates to goodwill and certain
identifiable intangible assets arising from business combinations accounted for
as purchases. Amortization was $3.6 million for the quarter ended June 30,
S-21
1998 compared to $3.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the
first six months of 1998, amortization of intangible assets was $7.1 million
compared to $6.5 million for the first six months of 1997.
Interest Expense, Net was $3.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1998
compared to $4.4 million for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six
months of 1998, interest expense, net was $7.8 million compared to $8.9 million
for the first six months of 1997. These decreases during 1998 compared to 1997
were due to lower interest expense related to Colonial's credit facility which
is utilized to finance the sale of shares of mutual funds which have contingent
deferred sales charges and to higher interest income which is netted against
interest expense.
Income Tax Expense was $13.8 million or 31.7% of pretax income for the
quarter ended June 30, 1998 compared to $13.9 million, or 31.7% of pretax
income for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. For the first six months of 1998,
income tax expense was $27.7 million or 31.2% of pretax income compared to
$30.7 million, or 32.1% of pretax income for the first six months of 1997.
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
Net Income was $129.5 million or $2.77 per share in 1997 compared to
$100.7 million or $2.24 per share in 1996 and $73.9 million or $1.76 per share
in 1995. The increase in 1997 compared to 1996 resulted from higher investment
spread, higher fee income, higher net realized investment gains and lower
interest expense, net. Partially offsetting these items were increased
operating expenses, amortization expense and income tax expense. The increase
in 1996 compared to 1995 resulted from higher investment spread, higher fee
income and net realized investment gains in 1996 compared to net realized
investment losses in 1995. Partially offsetting these items were increased
operating expenses, amortization expense, interest expense, net and income tax
expense. The full-period consolidation of the 1995 Colonial and Newport
acquisitions resulted in an $8.9 million increase in 1996 net income compared
to 1995.
Pretax Income was $192.1 million in 1997 compared to $150.3 million in
1996 and $113.8 million in 1995. The higher pretax income in 1997 compared to
1996 resulted from higher investment spread, higher fee income, higher net
realized investment gains and lower interest expense, net. Partially offsetting
these items were increased operating expenses and amortization expense. The
higher pretax income in 1996 compared to 1995 resulted from higher investment
spread, higher fee income and net realized investment gains in 1996 compared to
net investment losses in 1995. The full-period consolidation of the 1995
Colonial and Newport acquisitions resulted in an $11.9 million increase in 1996
pretax income compared to 1995. Partially offsetting these items were increased
operating expenses, amortization expense and interest expense, net.
Investment Spread is the amount by which investment income earned on the
Company's investments exceeds interest credited on policyholder balances.
Investment spread was $259.0 million in 1997 compared to $223.7 million in 1996
and $206.0 million in 1995. The amount by which the average yield on
investments exceeds the average interest credited rate on policyholder balances
is the investment spread percentage. Such investment spread percentage in 1997
was 1.96% compared to 1.89% for 1996 and 1.90% for 1995.
Investment income was $853.10 million in 1997 compared to $796.4 million
in 1996 and $761.8 million in 1995. The increase of $56.7 million in 1997
compared to 1996 primarily relates to an $86.2 million increase as a result of
the higher level of average invested assets, partially offset by a $29.5
million decrease resulting from a lower average investment yield. The 1997
investment income was net of $47.6 million of S&P 500 Index call option
amortization expense related to the Company's equity-indexed annuities compared
to $14.0 million in 1996. The average investment yield was 6.95% in 1997
compared to 7.21% in 1996. Investment income increased in 1996 compared to 1995
primarily as a result of the higher level of average invested assets, partially
offset by a decrease in the average investment yield. The average investment
yield was 7.21% in 1996 compared to 7.57% in 1995.
Interest credit to policyholders totaled $594.10 million in 1997 compared
to $572.7 million in 1996 and $555.8 million in 1995. The increase of $21.4
million in 1997 compared to 1996 primarily relates to a $56.4 million increase
as a result of a higher level of average policyholder balances, partially
offset by a $35.0 million decrease resulting from a lower average interest
credited rate. Policyholder balances averaged $11.9 billion (including $10.8
billion of fixed products, consisting of fixed annuities and the closed block
of single premium whole life insurance, and $1.1 billion of equity-indexed
annuities) in 1997 compared to $10.8 billion (including $10.4 billion of fixed
products and $0.4 billion of equity-indexed annuities) in 1996. The average
interest credited rate was 4.99% (5.45% on fixed products and 0.85% on
equity-indexed annuities) in 1997 compared to 5.32% (5.50% on fixed products
and 0.85%
S-22
on equity-indexed annuities) in 1996. Keyport's equity-indexed annuities credit
interest to the policyholder at a "participation rate" equal to a portion
(ranging for existing policies from 60% to 95%) of the change in value of the
S&P 500 index. Keyport's equity-indexed annuities also provide a full guarantee
of principal if held to term, plus interest at 0.85% annually. For each of the
periods presented the interest credited to equity-indexed policyholders related
to the participation rate was offset by investment income recognized on the S&P
500 Index call options resulting in a 0.85% net credited rate. Interest
credited to policyholders increased in 1996 compared to 1995 primarily as a
result of a higher level of average policyholder balances, partially offset by
a decrease in the average interest credited rate. Policyholder balances average
$10.8 billion in 1996 compared to $9.8 billion in 1995. The average interest
credited rate was 5.67% in 1995.
Average investments in the company's general account (computed without
giving effect to SFAS 115), including a portion of the Company's cash and cash
equivalents, were $12.3 billion in 1997 compared to $11.0 billion in 1996 and
$10.1 billion in 1995. The increase of $1.3 billion in 1997 compared to 1996
was primarily due to a 100 percent coinsurance agreement with respect to a
$954.0 million block of single premium deferred annuities ("SODAS") entered
into with Fidelity & Guaranty Life Insurance Company ("F&G Life") during the
third quarter of 1996 and net insurance cash flows of $0.7 billion. The
increase of $0.9 billion in 1996 compared to 1995 was primarily due to the F&G
Life transaction and net insurance cash flows of $0.7 billion.
Net Realized Investment Gains were $25.9 million in 1997 compared to $8.0
million in 1996 and net realized investment losses of $4.0 million in 1995.
Sales of fixed maturity investments generally are made to maximize total
return. The net realized investment gains in 1997 included gains on the sales
of fixed maturity investments of $16.8 million and gains on redemption of seed
money investments in separate account mutual funds sponsored by the Company of
$7.9 million. In addition, there were $1.2 million in gains related to sales of
general corporate securities in the Company's asset management and corporate
operations. The net realized investment gains in 1996 were primarily
attributable to sales of fixed maturity investments and sales of investments
received in the F&G Life transaction. The net realized investment losses in
1995 were attributable to sales of fixed maturity investments.
Investment Advisory and Administrative Fees are based on the market value
of assets managed for mutual funds, wealth management and institutional
investors. Investment advisory and administrative fees were $217.9 million in
1997 compared to $196.4 million in 1996 and $155.8 million in 1995. The
increase in 1996 compared to 1996 primarily reflects a higher level of average
fee-based assets under management. The increase in 1996 compared to 1995
primarily reflects a higher level of average fee-based assets under management
due to the full year consolidation of Colonial and Newport.
Average fee-based assets under management were $37.2 billion in 1997
compared to $33.9 billion in 1996 and $27.2 billion in 1995. The increase
during 1997 compared to 1996 was primarily due to market appreciation. The
increase during 1996 compared to 1995 was primarily due to the full year
inclusion of the assets acquired in the Colonial and Newport acquisitions, net
mutual fund sales and market appreciation. Investment advisory and
administrative fees were 0.59% of average fee-based assets under management in
1997, 0.58% in 1996 and 0.57% in 1995. These increases in the effective fee
rate in 1997 and 1995 were primarily due to the increased proportion of higher
average fee-based mutual fund assets under management.
The amount of fee-based assets under management is affected by product
sale sand redemptions and by changes in the market value of such assets under
management. Fee-based assets under management and changes in such assets are
set forth in the tables below (in billions).
S-23
Fee-Based Assets Under Management
As of December 31
------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995
---------- ---------- ----------
Mutual Funds:
Intermediary-distributed ........................ $ 16.1 $ 16.1 $ 15.7
Direct-marketed ................................. 7.2 6.6 4.8
Closed-end ...................................... 2.2 1.9 1.8
Variable annuity ................................ 1.3 1.1 1.0
------- ------- -------
26.8 25.7 23.3
Wealth management ................................ 6.6 5.3 4.5
Institutional .................................... 5.3 4.9 4.1
------- ------- -------
Total fee-based assets under management* ......... $ 38.7 $ 35.9 $ 31.9
======= ======= =======
* As of December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, Keyport's insurance assets of $12.8
billion, $12.1 billion and $10.6 billion, respectively, bring total assets
under management to $51.5 billion, $48.0 billion and $42.5 billion,
respectively.
Changes in Fee-Based Assets Under Management
Year Ended December 31
------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995
---------- ---------- ----------
Fee-based assets under management--beginning ......... $ 35.9 $ 31.9 $ 16.3
Sales and reinvestments .............................. 6.6 7.5 4.8
Redemptions and withdrawals .......................... ( 6.6) ( 5.7) ( 8.5)
Acquisitions ......................................... -- 0.3 14.9
Market appreciation .................................. 2.8 1.9 4.4
------- ------- -------
Fee-based assets under management--ending ............ $ 38.7 $ 35.9 $ 31.9
======= ======= =======
Distribution and Service Fees are based on the market value of the
Company's intermediary-distributed mutual funds. Distribution fees of 0.75% are
generally earned on the average assets attributable to such funds sold with
contingent deferred sales charges and service fees of 0.25% (net of amounts
passed on to selling brokers) are generally earned on the total of such average
mutual fund assets. These fees totaled $49.2 million in 1997 compared to $44.9
million in 1996 and $28.9 million in 1995. These increases in 1997 and 1996
were primarily attributable to the higher asset levels of mutual funds with
contingent deferred sales charges. As a percentage of weighted average assets,
distribution and serve fees were approximately 0.71% in 1997 and 0.69% in each
of 1996 and 1995.
Transfer Agency Fees are based on the market value of the assets managed
in the Company's intermediary-distributed and direct-marketed mutual funds.
Such fees were $47.7 million on average assets of $24.1 billion in 1997, $43.9
million on average assets of $22.6 billing in 1996 and $30.8 million on average
assets of $17.4 billion in 1995. These increases in 1997 and 1996 were
primarily due to higher average assets in direct-marketed mutual funds. As a
percentage of total average mutual fund assets under management, transfer
agency fees were approximately 0.20%, 0.19% and 0.18% in 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively.
Surrender Charges and Net Commissions are revenues earned on: a) the early
withdrawal of annuity policyholder balances and redemptions of the
intermediary-distributed mutual funds which were sold with contingent deferred
sales charges; b) the distribution of the Company's intermediary-distributed
mutual funds (net of the substantial portion of commissions that is passed on
to the selling brokers); and c) the sales of non-proprietary products in the
Company's bank marketing businesses (net of commissions that are paid to the
company's client banks and brokers). Total surrender charges and net
commissions were $36.1 million in 1997 compared to $34.7 million in 1996 and
$23.4 million in 1995.
Surrender charges on fixed and variable annuity withdrawals generally are
assessed at declining rates applied to policyholder withdrawals during the
first five to seven years of the contract; contingent deferred sales charges on
mutual fund redemptions are assessed at declining rates on amounts redeemed
generally during the first six years. Such charges totaled $21.4 million, $19.8
million and $18.4 million in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Total
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annuity withdrawals represented 11.6%, 11.6% and 9.9% of the total average
annuity policyholder and separate account balances in 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively. Excluding surrenders from the older block of annuities acquired
in the F&G Life transaction, the withdrawal percentages were 10.6% and 10.0% in
1997 and 1996, respectively.
Net commissions were $14.7 million in 1997, $14.9 million in 1996 and $5.0
million in 1995. The increase in 1996 compared to 1995 was primarily
attributable to the acquisition of Independent in March 1996.
Separate Account Fees are primarily mortality and expense charges earned
on variable annuity and variable life policyholder balances. These fees, which
are based on the market value of the assets in separate accounts supporting the
contracts, were $17.1 million in 1997 compared to $16.0 million in 1996 and
$13.2 million in 1995. Such fees represented 1.54%, 1.68% and 1.61% of average
variable annuity and variable life separate account balances in 1997, 1996 and
1995, respectively.
Operating Expenses primarily represent compensation, marketing and other
general and administrative expenses. These expenses were $309.7 million in 1997
compared to $277.9 million in 1996 and $225.1 million in 1995. The increase in
1997 compared to 1996 was primarily due to increases in compensation and
marketing expenses. The increase in 1996 compared to 1995 was primarily due to
increases in compensation and marketing expenses and to the acquisition of
Independent. Operating expenses expressed as a percent of average total assets
under management were 0.63%, 0.62% and 0.60% in 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively.
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs relates to the costs of
acquiring new business which vary with, and are primarily related to, the
production of new annuity business. Such costs include commissions, costs of
policy issuance and underwriting and selling expenses. Amortization was $75.9
million in 1997 compared to $60.2 million in 1996 and $58.5 million in 1995.
These increases in amortization in 1997 and 1996 were primarily related to the
increase in investment spread from the growth of business in force associated
with fixed and indexed products and the increased sales of variable annuity
products. Amortization expense represented 29.3%, 26.9% and 28.4% of investment
spread in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Amortization of Deferred Distribution Costs relates to the deferred sales
commissions acquired in connection with the Colonial acquisition and the
distribution of mutual fund shares sold with contingent deferred sales charges.
Amortization was $34.2 million in 1997 compared to $33.9 million in 1996 and
$18.8 million in 1995. The increase in amortization in 1997 compared to 1996
was primarily attributable to the continuing sales of such fund shares during
1997 and 1996 partially offset by a $3.8 million charge in the fourth quarter
of 1996 relating to a reduction in the amortization period. The increase in
1996 was primarily attributable to the full period consolidation of Colonial,
the continuing sales of such fund shares during 1996 and 1995 and the $3.8
million charge in the fourth quarter of 1996.
Amortization of Value Insurance in Force relates to the
actuarially-determined present value of projected future gross profits from
policies in force at the date of acquisition. Amortization totaled $10.5
million in 1997 compared to $10.2 million in 1996 and $9.5 million in 1995. The
increase in amortization in 1997 compared to 1996 included increased
amortization of $4.0 million related to the F&G Life transaction partially
offset by decreased amortization related to a change in mortality assumptions.
The increase in amortization in 1996 compared to 1995 was primarily due to
$42.7 million of amortization recorded in 1996 relating to the F&G Life
transaction, partially offset by lower amortization in 1996 due to an increase
in estimated amortization periods in the last quarter of 1995 of the Company's
closed block of single premium whole life insurance.
Amortization of Intangible Assets related to goodwill and certain
identifiable intangible assets arising from business combinations accounted for
as purchases. Amortization was $13.5 million in 1997 compared to $15.4 million
in 1996 and $12.2 million in 1995. The decrease in amortization in 1997
compared to 1996 was primarily attributable to certain assets becoming fully
amortized in the third quarter of 1996. The increase in amortization in 1996
compared to 1995 was primarily attributable to the acquisitions of Independent,
Colonial and Newport.
Interest Expense, Net was $17.0 million in 1997 compared to $19.7 million
in 1996 and $16.2 million in 1995. The decrease in 1997 compared to 1996 was
due to lower interest expense related to Colonial's credit facility which is
utilized to finance the sale of shares of the mutual funds which have
contingent deferred sales charges and to higher interest income which is netted
against interest expense. The increase in 1996 compared to 1995 was primarily
attributable to the full year impact of the $100.0 million note issued in
connection with the Colonial
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acquisition, the $424.0 million note issued in connection with the Newport
acquisition and the $30.0 million note issued in 1995 to an affiliate of
Liberty Mutual.
Income Tax Expense was $62.6 million or 32.6% of pretax income in 1997
compared to $49.6 million or 33.0% of pretax income in 1996 and $39.9 million
or 35.1% of pretax income in 1995. The lower effective tax rates in 1997 and
1996 were attributable primarily to reductions in the deferred tax asset
valuation reserve. For all periods, substantially all the federal income tax
expense related to the company's annuity insurance business.
Effective July 18, 1997, the Company is no longer included in the
consolidated tax return of Liberty Mutual. Under the tax law, the Company may
not consolidate its life insurance companies with its non-life companies for a
period of five years. The Company does not expect this change to have a
material effect on its financial condition or its results of operations.
Financial Condition
Stockholders' Equity as of June 30, 1998 was $1.27 billion compared to
$1.20 billion as of December 31, 1997. Net income for the first six months of
1998 was $61.2 million and cash dividends on the Company's preferred and common
stock totaled $2.9 million. Common stock totaling $4.6 million was issued in
connection with the exercise of stock options. In addition, the exercise of
certain stock options resulted in a federal income tax benefit to the Company
of $2.2 million which was credited to additional paid-in capital. An increase
in accumulated other comprehensive income, net unrealized investment gains, net
of adjustments to deferred policy acquisition costs and value of insurance in
force, during the period increased stockholders' equity by $2.5 million.
Book Value Per Share amounted to $27.83 at June 30, 1998 compared to
$26.82 at December 31, 1997. Excluding net unrealized gains on investments,
book value per share amounted to $25.95 at June 30, 1998 and $24.97 at December
31, 1997. As of June 30, 1998, there were 45.5 million common shares
outstanding compared to 44.7 million shares as of December 31, 1997.
Investments not including cash and cash equivalents totaled $12.6 billion
at June 30, 1998 and $12.3 billion at December 31, 1997 compared to $11.5
billion at December 31, 1996. The increase primarily reflects general account
investment earnings.
The Company manages the substantial majority of its invested assets
internally. The Company's general investment policy is to hold fixed maturity
assets for long-term investment and, accordingly, the Company does not have a
trading portfolio. To provide for maximum portfolio flexibility and appropriate
tax planning, the Company classifies its entire fixed maturities investments as
"available for sale" and accordingly carries such investments at fair value.
The Company's total investments at June 30, 1998 and December 31, 1997
reflected net unrealized gains of $268.3 million and $280.2 million,
respectively, relating to its fixed maturity and equity portfolios. The Company
anticipates that its total investments at September 30, 1998 will reflect a
lower amount of net unrealized gains as a result of a reduction in the value of
corporate bonds due to market volatility.
Approximately $11.1 billion, or 80.0%, of the Company's general account
investments at June 30, 1998, was rated by Standard & Poor's Corporation,
Moody's Investors Service or under comparable statutory rating guidelines
established by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. At June 30,
1998, the carrying value of investments in below investment grade securities
totaled $1.1 billion, or 8.0% of general account investments of $13.8 billion.
Below investment grade securities generally provide higher yields and involve
greater risks than investment grade securities because their issuers typically
are more highly leveraged and more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions
than investment grade issuers. In addition, the trading market for these
securities may be more limited than for investment grade securities.
Management of the Company's Investments
Asset-liability duration management is utilized by the Company to minimize
the risks of interest rate fluctuations and policyholder withdrawals. The
Company believes that its fixed and equity-indexed policyholder balances should
be backed by investments, principally comprised of fixed maturities, that
generate predictable rates of return. The Company does not have a specific
target rate of return. Instead, its rates of return vary over time
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depending on the current interest rates, the slope of the yield curve and the
excess at which fixed maturities are priced over the yield curve. Its portfolio
strategy is designed to achieve acceptable risk-adjusted returns by effectively
managing portfolio liquidity and credit quality.
The Company conducts its investment operations to closely match the
duration of the assets in its investment portfolio to its policyholder
balances. The Company seeks to achieve an acceptable spread between what it
earns on its assets and interest credited on its policyholder balances by
investing principally in fixed maturities. The Company's fixed-rate products
incorporate surrender charges to encourage persistency and to make the cost of
its policyholder balances more predictable. Approximately 82.1% of the
Company's fixed annuity policyholder balances were subject to surrender charges
at June 30, 1998. During the remaining six months of 1998, and during 1999 and
2000, policies having aggregate balances of $422.8 million, $1,132.9 million
and $1,438.1 million, respectively, were scheduled as of June 30, 1998 to come
off the surrender charge period.
As part of its asset-liability management discipline, the Company conducts
detailed computer simulations that model its fixed-maturity assets and
liabilities under commonly used stress-test interest rate scenarios. Based on
the results of these computer simulations, the investment portfolio has been
constructed with a view toward maintaining a desired investment spread between
the yield on portfolio assets and the interest credited on policyholder
balances under a variety of possible future interest rate scenarios. At June
30, 1998, the effective duration of the Company's fixed maturities investments
(including certain cash and cash equivalents) was approximately 3.0. Effective
duration is a common measure for the price sensitivity of a fixed-income
portfolio to changes in interest rates. It measures the approximate percentage
change in the market value of a portfolio when interest rates change by 100
basis points. This measure includes the impact of estimated changes in
portfolio cash flows from features such as prepayment and bond calls.
As a component of its investment strategy and to reduce its exposure to
interest rate risk, the Company utilizes interest rate swap agreements ("swap
agreements") and interest rate cap agreements ("cap agreements") to match
assets more closely to liabilities. Swap agreements are agreements to exchange
with a counterparty interest rate payments of differing character (e.g.,
fixed-rate payments exchanged for variable-rate payments) based on an
underlying principal balance (notional principal) to hedge against interest
rate changes. The Company currently utilizes swap agreements to reduce asset
duration and to better match interest rates earned on longer-term fixed rate
assets with interest credited to policyholders. The Company had 47 outstanding
swap agreements with an aggregate notional principal amount of $2.4 billion and
45 outstanding swap agreements with an aggregate notional principal amount of
$2.6 billion as of June 30, 1998 and December 31, 1997, respectively.
Cap agreements are agreements with a counterparty which require the
payment of a premium for the right to receive payments for the difference
between the cap interest rate and a market interest rate on specified future
dates based on an underlying principal balance (notional principal) to hedge
against rising interest rates. The Company had interest rate cap agreements
with an aggregate notional amount of $250.0 million as of June 30, 1998 and
December 31, 1997.
With respect to the Company's equity-indexed annuities, the Company buys
call options on the S&P 500 Index to hedge its obligation to provide returns
based upon this index. The Company had call options with a book value of $473.1
million and $323.3 million as of June 30, 1998 and December 31, 1997,
respectively.
There are risks associated with some of the techniques the Company uses to
match its assets and liabilities. The primary risk associated with swap, cap
and call option agreements is counterparty nonperformance. The Company believes
that the counterparties to its swap, cap and call option agreements are
financially responsible and that the counterparty risk associated with these
transactions is minimal. In addition, swap and cap agreements have interest
rate risk and call options have stock market risk. These swap and cap
agreements hedge fixed-rate assets and the Company expects that any interest
rate movements that adversely affect the market value of swap and cap
agreements would be offset by changes in the market values of such fixed rate
assets. However, there can be no assurance that these hedges will be effective
in offsetting the potential adverse effects of changes in interest rates.
Similarly, the call options hedge the Company's obligations to provide returns
on equity-indexed annuities based upon the S&P 500 Index, and the Company
believes that any stock market movements that adversely affect the market value
of S&P 500 Index call options would be substantially offset by a reduction in
policyholder liabilities. However, there can be no assurance that these hedges
will be effective in offsetting the potentially adverse effects of changes in
S&P 500 Index levels. Keyport's profitability could be adversely affected if
the value of its
S-27
swap and cap agreements increase less than (or decrease more than) the change
in the market value of its fixed rate assets and/or if the value of its S&P 500
Index call options increase less than (or decrease more than) the value of the
guarantees made to equity-indexed policyholders.
In June 1998, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," was issued.
This statement standardizes the accounting for derivative instruments and the
derivative portion of certain other contracts that have similar characteristics
by requiring that an entity recognize those instruments at fair value. This
statement also requires a new method of accounting for hedging transactions,
prescribes the type of items and transactions that may be hedged, and specifies
detailed criteria to be met to qualify for hedge accounting. This statement is
effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 1999. Earlier adoption is
permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this statement. Upon
adoption, the Company will be required to record a cumulative effect adjustment
to reflect this accounting change. At this time, the Company has not completed
its analysis and evaluation of the requirements and the impact of this
statement.
The Company routinely reviews its portfolio of investment securities. The
Company identifies monthly any investments that require additional monitoring,
and carefully reviews the carrying value of such investments at least quarterly
to determine whether specific investments should be placed on a nonaccrual
basis and to determine declines in value that may be other than temporary. In
making these reviews, the Company principally considers the adequacy of
collateral (if any), compliance with contractual covenants, the borrower's
recent financial performance, news reports, and other externally generated
information concerning the borrower's affairs. In the case of publicly traded
fixed maturities investments, management also considers market value quotations
if available.
Liquidity
The Company is a holding company whose liquidity needs include the
following: (i) operating expenses; (ii) debt service; (iii) dividends on
Preferred Stock and Common Stock; (iv) acquisitions; and (v) working capital
where needed by its operating subsidiaries. The Company's principal sources of
cash are dividends from its operating subsidiaries, and, in the case of funding
for acquisitions and certain long-term capital needs of its subsidiaries, long-
term borrowings, which to date principally have been from affiliates of Liberty
Mutual Insurance Company ("Liberty Mutual").
In connection with the Crabbe Huson acquisition, the Company borrowed $90
million under the Bridge Facility, and expects to repay the $90 million from
the net proceeds received by the sale of the Notes. See "USE OF PROCEEDS."
Current Rhode Island insurance law applicable to Keyport permits the
payment of dividends or distributions, which, together with dividends and
distributions paid during the preceding 12 months, do not exceed the lesser of
(i) 10% of Keyport's statutory surplus as of the preceding December 31 or (ii)
Keyport's statutory net gain from operations for the preceding fiscal year. Any
proposed dividend in excess of this amount is called an "extraordinary
dividend" and may not be paid until it is approved by the Commissioner of
Insurance of the State of Rhode Island. As of June 30, 1998, the amount of
dividends that Keyport could pay without such approval was $70.3 million.
Keyport had not paid any dividends since its acquisition in 1988, until Keyport
paid a $5.0 million dividend on September 30, 1998.
The terms of Colonial's existing senior credit facility place certain
restrictions on Colonial's ability to pay dividends. Under the terms of the
facility, Colonial could pay dividends of up to $55.1 million as of June 30,
1998. No assurances can be given that future regulatory changes and credit
agreements will not create additional limitations on the ability of the
Company's subsidiaries to pay dividends.
Based upon the historical cash flow of the Company, the Company's current
financial condition and the Company's expectation that there will not be a
material adverse change in the results of operations of the Company and its
subsidiaries during the next twelve months and subject to the balance of this
paragraph, the Company believes that cash flow provided by operating activities
over this period will provide sufficient liquidity for the Company to meet its
working capital, capital investment and other operational cash needs, its debt
service obligations, including its obligations to make interest payments under
the Notes its obligations to pay dividends on the Preferred Stock and its
intentions to pay dividends on the Common Stock. As indicated under "USE OF
PROCEEDS," the Company expects to finance the acquisition of SGAM from the net
proceeds from the sale of the Notes. Such acquisition, which is subject to the
satisfaction of certain conditions, is scheduled to close by early 1999. The
S-28
Company anticipates that it would require external sources of liquidity to
finance future material acquisitions where the purchase price is not paid in
equity.
Each of the Company's business segments has its own liquidity needs and
financial resources. In the Company's annuity insurance operations, liquidity
needs and financial resources pertain to the management of the general account
assets and policyholder balances. In the Company's asset management business,
liquidity needs and financial resources pertain to the investment management
and distribution of mutual funds, wealth management and institutional accounts.
The Company expects that, based upon their historical cash flow and current
prospects, these operating subsidiaries will be able to meet their liquidity
needs from internal sources and, in the case of Colonial, from its credit
facility used to finance sales of mutual fund shares sold with contingent
deferred sales charges.
Keyport uses cash for the payment of annuity and life insurance benefits,
operating expenses and policy acquisition costs, and the purchase of
investments. Keyport generates cash from annuity premiums and deposits, net
investment income and from the sales and maturities of fixed investments.
Annuity premiums, maturing investments and net investment income have
historically been sufficient to meet Keyport's cash requirements. Keyport
monitors cash and cash equivalents in an effort to maintain sufficient
liquidity and has strategies in place to maintain sufficient liquidity in
changing interest rate environments. Consistent with the nature of its
obligations, Keyport has invested a substantial amount of its general account
assets in readily marketable securities. As of June 30, 1998, $10.5 billion, or
75.0% of Keyport's general account investments were considered readily
marketable.
To the extent that unanticipated surrenders cause Keyport to sell for
liquidity purposes a material amount of securities prior to their maturity,
such surrenders could have a material adverse effect on the Company. Although
no assurances can be given, Keyport believes that liquidity to fund anticipated
withdrawals would be available through incoming cash flow and the sale of
short-term or floating-rate instruments, thereby precluding the sale of fixed
maturity investments in a potentially unfavorable market.
Year 2000
Many companies and organizations have computer programs that use only two
digits to identify a year in the date field. These programs were designed and
developed without considering the impact of the upcoming change in the century.
If not corrected, this could cause a system failure or miscalculations causing
disruptions of operations, including, among other things, a temporary inability
to process transactions.
In addressing the Year 2000 issue, the Company has substantially completed
an inventory of its computer programs and assessed its Year 2000 readiness. The
Company's computer programs include internally developed programs, third-party
purchased programs and third-party custom developed programs. For programs
which were identified as not being Year 2000 ready, the Company is in the
process of implementing a remedial plan which includes repairing or replacing
the programs and appropriate testing for Year 2000. The Company is also in the
process of identifying and reviewing its non-information technology systems
with respect to Year 2000 issues. In addition, the Company has initiated
communication with third parties to determine the extent to which the Company's
interface systems are vulnerable to those third parties' failure to remediate
their own Year 2000 issues.
The Company is developing, and will continue to develop, contingency plans
for dealing with any adverse effects that become likely in the event the
Company's remediation plans are not successful or third parties fail to
remediate their own Year 2000 issues. If necessary modifications and
conversions are not made, or are not timely completed, or if the systems of the
companies on which the Company's interface system relies are not timely
converted, the Year 2000 issues could have a material impact on the operations
of the Company. However, the Company believes that with modifications to
existing software and conversions to new software, the Year 2000 issue will not
pose significant operational problems for its computer systems.
In the opinion of management, the cost of addressing the Year 2000 issue
is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial
condition or its results of operation.
S-29
Effects of Inflation
Inflation has not had a material effect on the Company's consolidated
results of operations. The Company manages its investment portfolio in part to
reduce its exposure to interest rate fluctuations. In general, the market value
of the Company's fixed maturity portfolio increases or decreases in inverse
relationship with fluctuations in interest rates, and the Company's net
investment income increases or decreases in direct relationship with interest
rate changes. For instance, if interest rates decline, the Company's fixed
maturity investments generally will increase in market value, while net
investment income will decrease as fixed maturity investments mature or are
sold and the proceeds are reinvested at reduced rates. However, inflation may
result in increased operating expenses that may not be readily recoverable in
the prices of the services charged by the Company.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Notes offered by the
Company, after deducting discounts and estimated expenses of the offering, are
estimated to be approximately $442.9 million.
Liberty intends (i) to repay $90 million drawn from the Bridge Facility to
finance the Crabbe Huson acquisition; (ii) to discharge certain indebtedness
owed to affiliates of Liberty Mutual consisting of 8.0% promissory notes in the
aggregate principal amount of $129 million due March 31, 2000 and April 3,
2000; (iii) to finance the anticipated costs associated with the pending
acquisition of SGAM; and (iv) to use the remaining proceeds for general
corporate purposes. See "LIBERTY FINANCIAL COMPANIES, INC.--Recent
Developments."
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES
General
The following description of the particular terms of the Notes offered
hereby supplements, and to the extent inconsistent therewith replaces, the
description of the general terms and provisions of Debt Securities set forth in
the Prospectus, to which reference is hereby made. Capitalized terms not
otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the
Prospectus and the Indenture (defined below).
The 2008 Notes and the 2028 Debentures will be issued as separate series
under an Indenture (the "Indenture"), between the Company and State Street Bank
and Trust Company, as trustee (the "Trustee").
The 2008 Notes will be limited to $300 million aggregate principal amount
and will mature on November 15, 2008. The 2028 Debentures will be limited to
$150 million aggregate principal amount and will mature on November 15, 2028.
The Notes are not redeemable prior to maturity and are not entitled to any
sinking fund. The Indenture does not limit the aggregate principal amount of
Debt Securities that may be issued and provides that Debt Securities may be
issued from time to time in one or more series. As of the date of this
Prospectus Supplement, the Company does not have any Debt Securities
outstanding.
The Notes will be unsecured and will rank on the parity with each other
and with all other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of the Company.
The Notes will be obligations exclusively of the Company. As a holding company,
Liberty's cash flows and its ability to service its debt, including the Notes,
are dependent upon the cash flows of its subsidiaries and the distribution of
those cash flows to the Company, or upon loans or other payments of funds by
such subsidiaries to the Company. The Company's subsidiaries are separate and
distinct legal entities and will have no obligation, contingent or otherwise,
to pay any amounts due pursuant to the Notes or to make any funds available
therefor, whether by dividends, loans or other payments. In addition, the
payment of dividends and certain loans and advances to the Company by such
subsidiaries may be subject to certain statutory or contractual restrictions,
are contingent upon the earnings of such subsidiaries and are subject to
various business considerations and legal restrictions. The Notes will be
effectively subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities and
commitments (including trade payable and lease obligations) of the Company's
subsidiaries and liabilities under contracts of insurance and annuities written
by the Company's subsidiaries and to any secured indebtedness of the Company
and its subsidiaries.
The 2008 Notes and the 2028 Debentures will bear interest at their
respective rates per annum shown on the cover page of this Prospectus
Supplement from November 12, 1998 or from the most recent Interest Payment Date
S-30
to which interest has been paid or provided for, payable in arrears on November
15 and May 15 of each year, commencing on May 15, 1999 (each an "Interest
Payment Date"), to the persons in whose names such Notes were registered at the
close of business on the next preceding November 1 and May 1, whether or not a
Business Day (as defined below) (each a "Regular Record Date"), respectively.
Interest on the Notes will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised
of twelve 30-day months. The Notes will be treated as debt for tax purposes.
Interest payable on a Note on any Interest Payment Date or at maturity
shall be the amount of interest accrued from and including the next preceding
Interest Payment Date in respect of which interest has been paid or provided
for (or from and including November 12, 1998, if no interest has been paid or
provided for) to, but excluding, the Interest Payment Date or the date of
maturity, as the case may be. If any Interest Payment Date or the maturity date
of the Note falls on a day that is not a Business Day, the payment shall be
made on the next Business Day as if it were made on the date such payment was
due and no interest shall accrue on the amount so payable for the period from
and after such Interest Payment Date or the maturity date, as the case may be.
"Business Day" means any day, other than a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday or
other day on which banks in The City of New York or Boston, Massachusetts are
required or authorized by law, regulation or executive order to close.
The Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange and no assurances
can be given that an active trading market for such securities will be
developed or sustained.
The Notes will be issued only in fully-registered book-entry form, without
coupons, in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof, through the
facilities of The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York (the
"Depository"). Transfers or exchanges may be effected only through a
participating member of the Depository. See "Book-Entry Note" below. Payments
on the Notes will be made to the Depository or its nominee in accordance with
the arrangements then in effect between the Trustee and the Depository. See
"Book-Entry Note" below.
Book-Entry Notes
The 2008 Notes will be represented by a Global Security and the 2028
Debentures will be represented by a separate Global Security (such Global
Securities together, the "Book-Entry Notes"). The Book-Entry Notes will be
deposited with, or on behalf of, the Depository and registered in the name of
the Depository's nominee. Except as set forth below, the Book-Entry Notes may
not be transferred except as a whole by the Depository to a nominee of the
depository or by a nominee of the depository to the Depository or another
nominee of the Depository or by the Depository or any nominee to a successor of
the Depository or a nominee of such successor.
The Depository has advised the Company that it is a limited-purpose trust
company organized under the New York Banking Law, a "banking organization"
within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve
System, a "clearing corporation" within the meaning of the New York Uniform
Commercial Code and a "clearing agency" registered pursuant to the provisions
of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The
Depository was created to hold securities for persons that have accounts with
the Depository ("participants") and to facilitate settlement of securities
transactions among its participants, such as transfers and pledges in such
deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in
accounts of the participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical
movement of securities certificates. The Depository's "direct participants"
include securities brokers and dealers (including the Underwriters), banks,
trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of
which (and/or their representatives) own the Depository. Access to the
Depository's book-entry system is also available to others, such as banks,
securities brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain
a custodial relationship with a participant, either directly or indirectly
("indirect participants").
The Depository has also advised the Company and the trustee that, upon the
issuance of the Book-Entry Notes, the Depository will credit the principal
amount of the Notes represented by the Book-Entry Notes to the accounts of
participants. The accounts to be credited will be designated by the applicable
Underwriter. Purchases of Notes under the Depository's system must be made by
or through direct participants, which will receive a credit for the Notes on
the Depository's records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of
each Note ("beneficial owner") is in turn to be recorded on the direct and
indirect participants' records. Beneficial owners will not receive written
confirmation from the Depository of their purchase, but beneficial owners are
expected to receive written confirmation providing details of the transaction,
as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the direct and indirect
participant through which the beneficial owner entered into the transaction.
The laws of some states
S-31
may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of
such securities in certificated form. Such limits and such laws may impair the
ability to transfer beneficial interests in the Book-Entry Notes.
So long as the Depository for the Book-Entry Notes, or its nominee, is the
registered owner of the Book-Entry Notes, the Depository or its nominee, as the
case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the Notes
represented by the Book-Entry Notes for all purposes under the Indenture.
Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in the Book-Entry
Notes will not be entitled to have Notes represented by such Book-Entry Notes
registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical
delivery of such Notes in certificated form and will not be considered the
owners or holders thereof under the Indenture.
Principal and interest payments on the Notes represented by the Book-Entry
Notes will be made by the Company to the Depository or its nominee, as the case
may be, as the registered owner of such Book-Entry Notes. Neither the Company,
the Trustee, the Paying Agent (as defined in the Indenture) nor any Registrar
(as defined in the Indenture) for the Notes will have any responsibility or
liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account
of beneficial ownership interests of the Book-Entry Notes, or for maintaining,
supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership
interests. The Company expects that the Depository or its nominee, upon receipt
of any payment of principal or interest in respect of the Book-Entry Notes,
will credit immediately the accounts of the relevant participants with payment
in amounts proportionate to their respective holdings in principal amount of
beneficial interest in such Book-Entry Notes as shown on the records of the
depository or its nominee. The Company also expects that payments by
participants to beneficial owners in the Book-Entry Notes held through such
participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices,
as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer
form or registered in "street name." Such payments will be the responsibility
of such participants.
Conveyance of notices and other communications by the Depository to direct
participants, by direct participants to indirect participants, and by direct
participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners will be governed by
arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as
may be in effect from time to time.
If (i) the Depository is at any time unwilling, unable or ineligible to
continue as depository and a successor depository is not appointed by the
Company within ninety days, (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the
Trustee an order to the effect that a Book-Entry Note shall be so exchangeable,
or (iii) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to the
2008 Notes or the 2028 Debentures, the Company will issue the applicable Notes
in certificated form in exchange for the applicable Book-Entry Note. In any
such instance, an owner of a beneficial interest in the Book-Entry Note will be
entitled to physical delivery in certificated form of the Notes equal in
principal amount to such beneficial interest and to have such Notes registered
in its name. Notes so issued in certificated form will be issued in
denominations of $1,000 or any larger amount that is an integral multiple
thereof and will be issued in registered form only, without coupons.
Paying Agent and Registrar
Pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, the Company has appointed State
Street Bank and Trust Company to act as paying agent and registrar with respect
to the Notes under the Indenture.
UNDERWRITING
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in an underwriting agreement
dated November 5, 1998 and the pricing agreement relating to the Notes
(collectively, the "Underwriting Agreement") among the Company and the
Underwriters named below (the "Underwriters"), for whom Merrill Lynch, Pierce,
Fenner & Smith Incorporated is acting as representative, the Company has agreed
to sell to the Underwriters, and the Underwriters have severally agreed to
purchase, the principal amounts of the 2008 Notes and the 2028 Debentures set
forth opposite their names below. In the Underwriting Agreement, the several
Underwriters have agreed, subject to the terms and conditions set forth
therein, to purchase all the Notes offered hereby if any of such Notes are
purchased. In the event of default by any Underwriter, the Underwriting
Agreement provides that, in certain circumstances, the purchase commitments of
the nondefaulting Underwriters may be increased or the Underwriting Agreement
may be terminated.
S-32
Principal Principal
Amount Amount
of 2008 of 2028
Underwriter Notes Debentures
----------- --------------- --------------
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith
Incorporated ................... .......... $180,000,000 $ 90,000,000
NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC ......... 60,000,000 30,000,000
Salomon Smith Barney Inc. ..................... 60,000,000 30,000,000
------------ ------------
Total .......................... .......... $300,000,000 $150,000,000
============ ============
The Underwriters have advised the Company that they propose initially to
offer the Notes to the public at the public offering price set forth on the
cover page of this Prospectus Supplement, and to certain dealers at such price
less concessions not in excess of .4% of the principal amount of the 2008 Notes
and .5% of the principal amount of the 2028 Debentures. The Underwriters may
allow, and such dealers may reallow, a discount not in excess of .25% of the
principal amount of the Notes and .25% of the principal amount of the 2028
Debentures to certain other dealers. After the initial public offering, the
public offering price, concession and discount may be changed by the
Underwriters.
The Notes are new issues of securities with no established trading market.
The Company has been advised by the Underwriters that they intend to make a
market in the Notes, but are not obligated to do so and may discontinue any
market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the
liquidity of the trading market for the Notes.
Until the distribution of the Notes is completed, rules of the Securities
and Exchange Commission may limit the ability of the Underwriters to bid for
and purchase the Notes. As an exception to these rules, the Underwriters are
permitted to engage in certain transactions that stabilize the price of the
Notes. Such transactions consist of bids or purchases for the purpose of
pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the Notes.
If the Underwriters create a short position in the Notes in connection
with this offering, i.e., if they sell more of the Notes than are set forth on
the cover page of this Prospectus Supplement, the Underwriters may reduce that
short position by purchasing Notes in the open market.
The Underwriters may also impose a penalty bid on certain Underwriters.
This means that if the Underwriters purchase Notes in the open market to reduce
the Underwriters' short position or to stabilize the price of the Notes, they
may reclaim the amount of the selling concession from the Underwriters who sold
those Notes as part of the offering. In general, purchases of a security for
the purpose of stabilization or to reduce a short position could cause the
price of the security to be higher than it might be in the absence of such
purchases. The imposition of a penalty bid might also have an effect on the
price of a security to the extent that it were to discourage resales of the
security.
Neither the Company nor the Underwriters make any representation or
prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions
described above may have on the price of the Notes. In addition, neither the
Company nor the Underwriters make any representation that the Underwriters will
engage in such transactions or that such transactions, once commenced, will be
discontinued without notice.
The Company has agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against certain
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribute to
payments the Underwriters may be required to make in respect of such
liabilities.
In the ordinary course of their respective businesses, certain of the
Underwriters have in the past, and may in the future, engage in commercial and
investment banking transactions with the Company and its affiliates.
VALIDITY OF THE NOTES
The validity of the Notes offered hereby will be passed upon for the
Company by Choate, Hall & Stewart (a partnership including professional
corporations), Boston, Massachusetts and for the Underwriters by Brown & Wood
LLP, New York, New York. Choate, Hall & Stewart will rely on the opinion of
Brown & Wood LLP as to matters of New York law.
S-33
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PROSPECTUS
<GRAPHIC OMITTED>
Liberty Financial Companies, Inc.
Liberty Financial Capital Trust I
Liberty Financial Capital Trust II
By this prospectus, we may offer up to $800,000,000 of our:
Debt Securities
Preferred Stock
Common Stock
Warrants
Stock Purchase Contracts
Stock Purchase Units
Preferred Securities of Liberty Financial Capital Trust I
Preferred Securities of Liberty Financial Capital Trust II
---------------
Liberty Financial Companies, Inc. is a Massachusetts corporation. Liberty
Financial Capital Trust I and Liberty Financial Capital Trust II are both
Delaware business trusts. We are the sponsor of the Liberty Financial Capital
Trusts.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the
adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is
a criminal offense.
We will provide the specific terms of these securities in supplements to
this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the supplements carefully
before you invest.
We may offer the securities directly or through underwriters, agents or
dealers. The supplement will describe the terms of that plan of distribution.
"Plan of Distribution" contained in this prospectus also provides more
information on this topic.
---------------
The date of this Prospectus is September 30, 1998.
Certain persons participating in this offering may engage in transactions that
stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities covered by
this prospectus. Those transactions include over-allotment, stabilizing
transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids. For a description
of those activities, see "Plan of Distribution" in this prospectus. If begun,
they may discontinue those activities at any time.
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY
REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS
PROSPECTUS AND, WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR OFFERED SECURITIES, THE PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT RELATING THERETO, AND IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR
REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED. NEITHER THIS
PROSPECTUS NOR SUCH PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT CONSTITUTES AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES OTHER THAN THE SECURITIES TO
WHICH IT RELATES OR AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY
SUCH SECURITIES IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH OFFER FOR SOLICITATION IS
UNLAWFUL. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR SUCH PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
NOR ANY SALE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES CREATE ANY IMPLICATION
THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY OR ANY LIBERTY
FINANCIAL TRUST SINCE THE DATE HEREOF OR THAT INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS
CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO ITS DATE.
EXCEPT AS DISCLOSED IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, THE
SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY DO NOT HAVE AN ESTABLISHED TRADING MARKET AND WILL
NOT BE LISTED ON ANY SECURITIES EXCHANGE AND NO ASSURANCES CAN BE GIVEN THAT AN
ACTIVE TRADING MARKET FOR SUCH SECURITIES WILL BE DEVELOPED OR SUSTAINED.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file reports, proxy statements and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Our SEC filings are also
available to the public from the SEC's web site at http://www.sec.gov. You may
also read and copy any document we file at the SEC's public reference rooms in
Washington, D.C., New York, New York and Chicago, Illinois. Please call the SEC
at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information on the public reference rooms and their
copy charges.
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC covering
the notes. For further information on Liberty and the notes, you should refer
to our registration statement and its exhibits. This prospectus and the
prospectus supplement summarize material provisions of contracts and other
documents that we refer you to. Since the prospectus and the prospectus
supplement may not contain all the information that you may find important, you
should review the full text of these documents. We have included copies of
these documents as exhibits to our registration statement.
INCORPORATION OF INFORMATION WE FILE WITH THE SEC
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" the information we file
with them, which means:
o incorporated documents are considered part of the prospectus,
o we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those
documents and
o information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and
supersede this prospectus.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below which were filed
with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"):
o Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997,
o Portions of Proxy Statements for the Company's Annual Meeting of
Shareholders held on May 11, 1998 that have been incorporated into our
10-K,
o Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 1998 and
June 30, 1998 and the
o Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 30, 1998.
We also incorporate by reference each of the following documents that we
will file with the SEC after the date of this prospectus but before the end of
the notes offering:
o Reports filed under Sections 13(a) and (c) of the Exchange Act,
o Definitive proxy or information statements filed under Section 14 of the
Exchange Act in connection with any subsequent stockholders' meeting and
o Any reports filed under Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
Our file number under the Exchange Act is 1-13654. You may request a copy
of any filings referred to above (excluding exhibits), at no cost, by
contacting us at the following address:
Investor Relations
Liberty Financial Companies, Inc.
600 Atlantic Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts 02210-2214
(617) 722-6000
3
LIBERTY FINANCIAL COMPANIES, INC.
Liberty Financial Companies, Inc. (the "Company" or "Liberty") is a
leading asset accumulation and management company. The Company has two core
product lines--retirement-oriented insurance products and investment management
products. Retirement-oriented insurance products consist substantially of
annuities. Investment management products consist of mutual funds, wealth
management and institutional asset management. The Company sells its products
through multiple distribution channels, including brokerage firms, banks and
other depository institutions, financial planners and insurance agents, as well
as directly to investors.
Liberty's principal executive offices are located at 600 Atlantic Avenue,
Boston, Massachusetts 02210-2214. Its telephone number is (617) 722-6000.
THE LIBERTY FINANCIAL TRUSTS
Liberty Financial Capital Trust I and Liberty Financial Capital Trust II,
each a statutory business trust created under the laws of the State of Delaware
(each a "Liberty Financial Trust" and collectively, the "Liberty Financial
Trusts"), may offer, from time to time, preferred securities (the "Preferred
Securities") representing preferred undivided beneficial interests in such
Liberty Financial Trust. The Company will be the owner of the common securities
(the "Common Securities" and, together with the Preferred Securities, the
"Trust Securities") of each Liberty Financial Trust. The payment of periodic
cash distributions ("Distributions") with respect to Preferred Securities of
each of the Liberty Financial Trusts out of monies held by the Property Trustee
(as defined herein) of each of the Liberty Financial Trusts and payments on
liquidation of each Liberty Financial Trust and on redemption of Preferred
Securities of such Liberty Financial Trust, will be guaranteed by the Company
as and to the extent described herein (each, a "Guarantee"). See "Description
of Guarantees." The Company's obligation under each Guarantee is an unsecured
obligation of the Company and will rank subordinate and junior in right of
payment to all Senior Debt (as defined herein) of the Company and pari passu
with its obligations under the senior most preferred or preference stock of the
Company. Except as otherwise provided in a supplement or supplements to this
Prospectus (a "Prospectus Supplement,") (i) concurrently with the issuance by a
Liberty Financial Trust of its Preferred Securities, such Liberty Financial
Trust will invest the proceeds thereof and any contributions made in respect of
the Common Securities in a corresponding series of the Company's junior
subordinated debt securities (the "Junior Subordinated Debt Securities") of the
Company (the "Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities") with terms
directly corresponding to the terms of that Liberty Financial Trust's Preferred
Securities (the "Related Preferred Securities"), (ii) the Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities will be the sole assets of each Liberty Financial
Trust and (iii) payments under the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities and the related Expense Agreement (as defined herein) will be the
only revenue of each Liberty Financial Trust. The Company may redeem the
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities (and cause the redemption of
the Trust Securities) or may terminate each Liberty Financial Trust and cause
the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities to be distributed to the
holders of Preferred Securities in liquidation of their interests in such
Issuer in certain circumstances. See "Description of Preferred
Securities--Liquidation Distribution Upon Termination."
Each Liberty Financial Trust is a statutory business trust created under
Delaware law pursuant to (i) a trust agreement executed by the Company, as
sponsor of the Liberty Financial Trust, an Administrative Trustee (as defined
herein) and the Delaware Trustee (as defined herein) of such Liberty Financial
Trust and (ii) the filing of a certificate of trust with the Delaware Secretary
of State. Each trust agreement will be amended and restated in its entirety
(each, as so amended and restated, a "Trust Agreement") substantially in the
form filed as an exhibit to the registration statement (the "Registration
Statement") of which this prospectus (the "Prospectus") forms a part. Each
Trust Agreement will be qualified as an indenture under the Trust Indenture Act
of 1939, as amended (the "Trust Indenture Act"). Each Liberty Financial Trust
exists for the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing and selling its Trust
Securities, (ii) using the proceeds from the sale of such Trust Securities to
acquire a series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities issued by
the Company and (iii) engaging in only those other activities necessary,
convenient or incidental thereto.
All of the Common Securities of each Liberty Financial Trust will be
owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company. The Common Securities of a
Liberty Financial Trust will rank pari passu, and payments will be made thereon
pro rata, with the Preferred Securities of such Liberty Financial Trust, except
that upon the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under a Trust
Agreement resulting from a Junior Subordinated Debt Security
4
Event of Default (as defined herein), the rights of the Company as holder of
the Common Securities to payment in respect to Distributions and payments upon
liquidation, redemption or otherwise will be subordinated to the rights of the
holders of the Preferred Securities of such Liberty Financial Trust. See
"Description of Preferred Securities--Subordination of Common Securities." The
Company will acquire Common Securities in an aggregate liquidation amount equal
to not less than 3% of the total capital of each Liberty Financial Trust.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, each
Liberty Financial Trust has a term of approximately 55 years, but may terminate
earlier as provided in the applicable Trust Agreement. Each Liberty Financial
Trust's business and affairs are conducted by its trustees, each appointed by
the Company as holder of the Common Securities. Unless otherwise specified in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the trustees for each Liberty Financial
Trust will be State Street Bank and Trust Company, as the Property Trustee (the
"Property Trustee"), Wilmington Trust Company, as the Delaware Trustee (the
"Delaware Trustee"), and two individual trustees (the "Administrative
Trustees") who are employees or officers of or affiliated with the Company
(collectively, the "Issuer Trustees"). State Street Bank and Trust Company, as
Property Trustee, will act as sole indenture trustee under each Trust Agreement
for purposes of compliance with the Trust Indenture Act. State Street Bank and
Trust Company will also act as trustee under the Guarantees and the Junior
Subordinated Indenture (as defined herein). See "Description of Guarantees" and
"Description of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities." The holder of the Common
Securities of a Liberty Financial Trust, or the holders of a majority in
liquidation preference of the related Preferred Securities if a Junior
Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default under the Trust Agreement for such
Liberty Financial Trust has occurred and is continuing, will be entitled to
appoint, remove or replace the Property Trustee and/or the Delaware Trustee for
such Liberty Financial Trust. In no event will the holders of the Preferred
Securities have the right to vote to appoint, remove or replace the
Administrative Trustees; such voting rights are vested exclusively in the
holder of the Common Securities. The duties and obligations of each Issuer
Trustee are governed by the applicable Trust Agreement. The Company will pay
all fees and expenses related to each Liberty Financial Trust and the offering
of the Preferred Securities and will pay, directly or indirectly, all ongoing
costs, expenses and liabilities of each Liberty Financial Trust.
The principal executive office of each Liberty Financial Trust is 600
Atlantic Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210-2214, and its telephone number is
(617) 722-6000.
5
USE OF PROCEEDS
Except as otherwise set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement with
respect to the proceeds from the sale of the particular Debt Securities,
Preferred Stock, Common Stock, Warrants, Stock Purchase Contracts, Stock
Purchase Units, Preferred Securities and the related Guarantee (each as defined
herein and collectively, the "Offered Securities") to which such Prospectus
Supplement relates, the net proceeds from the sale of the Offered Securities
are expected to be used by the Company for general corporate purposes,
including repayment or redemption of outstanding debt (including without
limitation existing or future indebtedness owed to Liberty Mutual Insurance
Company ("Liberty Mutual")) or preferred stock, the possible acquisition of
financial services businesses or assets thereof, investments in portfolio
assets and working capital needs. The Company routinely reviews opportunities
to acquire financial services businesses or assets thereof. Each Liberty
Financial Trust will use all proceeds received from the sale of its Trust
Securities to purchase Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of the Company. The
specific allocations, if any, of the proceeds of any of the Offered Securities
will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating thereto.
The Company currently intends to use the proceeds from the sale of any
initial Offered Securities to (i) cover the costs of acquiring The Crabbe Huson
Group, Inc. ("Crabbe Huson"), which is scheduled to close on September 30,
1998, including repayment of a $90 million bridge loan the Company intends to
utilize for financing the acquisition at closing; (ii) the discharge of certain
indebtedness in the aggregate principal amount of $129 million owed to
affiliates of Liberty Mutual consisting of 8.0% promissory notes due March 31,
2000 and April 3, 2000; and (iii) financing the acquisition of Societe Generale
Asset Management Corp. ("SGAM"), which is scheduled to close in late December
1998.
The Company expects to acquire certain assets and assume certain
liabilities of Crabbe Huson for a purchase price at closing of up to $90.4
million, consisting of $81.4 million in cash and $9.0 million of Liberty common
stock. In addition, Liberty has agreed to pay up to an additional $51.5 million
over 5 years, contingent upon Crabbe Huson achieving certain earnings
objectives. In connection with the Crabbe Huson acquisition, the Company
entered into a $100 million revolving credit facility with a commercial bank
(the "Bridge Facility"). The Bridge Facility matures on March 30, 1999 and
bears interest at a per annum rate equal to LIBOR plus twenty-five basis
points. Liberty anticipates drawing $90 million from the Bridge Facility for
the purpose of covering costs and expenses of the Crabbe Huson acquisition at
closing.
On August 13, 1998, Liberty entered into an agreement to acquire 100% of
the capital stock of SGAM for $205 million, subject to adjustment in certain
circumstances, consisting of $198 million in cash and $7 million of Liberty
common stock. In addition, Liberty has agreed to pay up to an additional $11
million contingent upon the attainment of certain earnings objectives.
6
CONSOLIDATED RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND
EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
The following table sets forth the Company's historical consolidated
ratios of earnings to fixed charges and earnings to combined fixed charges and
preferred stock dividends for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1997 and
for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 1997.
Six Months Ended
June 30 Year Ended December 31
--------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
1998 1997 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges: (1)
Excluding interest on fixed annuities
and financial products (2) ......... 8.00x 8.14x 8.42x 7.11x 6.55x 13.07x 24.23x
Including interest on fixed annuities
and financial products ............. 1.30x 1.31x 1.31x 1.25x 1.20x 1.17x 1.12x
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed
charges and preferred stock
dividends: (1)
Excluding interest on fixed annuities
and financial products (2) ......... 7.58x 7.74x 7.99x 6.73x 6.22x 13.07x 24.23x
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
Including interest on fixed annuities
and financial products ............. 1.30x 1.31x 1.31x 1.25x 1.20x 1.17x 1.12x
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
(1) For purposes of determining these ratios, earnings consist of pretax income
plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of (i) interest on indebtedness,
(ii) the portion of operating leases that are representative of the
interest factor, (iii) accretion to face value of redeemable convertible
preferred stock, and (iv) interest on fixed annuities and financial
products.
(2) These ratios are included to assist the reader in analyzing the impact of
interest on annuities and financial products, which is not generally
required to be paid in cash in the period it is recognized. These ratios
exclude interest credited to annuities and financial products of $282.3
million and $294.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and
1997, respectively, and $594.1 million, $572.7 million, $555.8 million,
$481.9 million, and $504.2 million for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1996, 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES
The unsecured senior debt securities (the "Senior Debt Securities") of the
Company (for purposes of this Section only, the "Debt Securities") may be
issued in one or more series under an Indenture, as supplemented from time to
time (as so supplemented, the "Indenture"), between the Company and State
Street Bank and Trust Company, as trustee (the "Trustee"). This summary of
certain terms and provisions of the Indenture does not purport to be complete
and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
Indenture, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part, and to the Trust Indenture
Act. The Indenture is qualified under the Trust Indenture Act. Parenthetical
references in this Section are to provisions of the Indenture. Certain terms
defined in the Indenture are capitalized in this Prospectus. Whenever
particular defined terms of the Indenture are referred to herein or in a
Prospectus Supplement, such defined terms are incorporated herein or therein by
reference.
General
The Debt Securities will be unsecured and will rank on the parity with all
other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of the Company. The Debt
Securities will be obligations exclusively of the Company. As a holding
company, Liberty's cash flows and its ability to service its debt, including
Debt Securities, are dependent upon the cash flows of such subsidiaries and the
distribution of those cash flows to the Company, or upon loans or other
payments of funds by such subsidiaries to the Company. The Company's
subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and will have no
obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due pursuant to Debt
Securities or to make any funds available therefor, whether by dividends, loans
or other payments. In addition, the payment of dividends and certain loans and
advances to the Company by such subsidiaries may be subject to certain
statutory
7
or contractual restrictions, are contingent upon the earnings of such
subsidiaries and are subject to various business considerations and legal
restrictions. The Debt Securities will be effectively subordinated to all
indebtedness and other liabilities and commitments (including trade payable and
lease obligations) of the Company's subsidiaries and liabilities under
contracts of insurance and annuities written by the Company's subsidiaries, and
to any secured indebtedness of the Company. Except as provided herein or in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement, there is no limit on the occurrence or
issuance of other secured or unsecured debt by the Company or its subsidiaries.
The Indenture does not limit the amount of Debt Securities which may be
issued thereunder and provides that Debt Securities may be issued up to the
aggregate principal amounts which may be authorized from time to time by the
Company. Reference is made to the Prospectus Supplement for the following terms
of Debt Securities being offered thereby: (i) the title, aggregate principal
amount and authorized denominations of Debt Securities; (ii) the percentage of
their principal amount at which such Debt Securities will be issued; (iii) date
or dates on which Debt Securities will mature; (iv) the rate or rates per annum
(which may be fixed or variable), if any, at which Debt Securities will bear
interest (or the method of determination or calculation thereof); (v) the times
at which any such interest will be payable; (vi) the currency or units based on
or relating to currencies in which the Debt Securities are denominated and in
which principal, premium, if any, any interest and Additional Amounts (as
defined below) will or may be payable; (vii) the dates, if any, on which and
the price or prices at which the Debt Securities will, pursuant to any
mandatory sinking fund provisions, or may, pursuant to any optional sinking
fund provisions, be redeemed by the Company, and other terms and provisions of
such sinking fund; (viii) any redemption terms or any terms for repayment of
principal amount at the option of the holder; (ix) whether and under what
circumstances the Company will pay additional amounts ("Additional Amounts") in
respect of certain taxes imposed on certain holders or as otherwise provided;
(x) the terms and conditions upon which such Debt Securities may be convertible
into shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company, including the
conversion price, conversion period and other conversion provisions; (xi) the
defeasance provisions, if any, that are applicable to such Debt Securities
(other than those described herein); (xii) whether the Debt Securities are to
be issuable in global form and, if so, the terms and conditions, if any, upon
which interests in such Debt Securities in global form may be exchanged, in
whole or in part, for the individual Debt Securities represented thereby and
the initial Depository with respect to such global Debt Security; (xiii) the
person to whom any interest on a Registered Security is payable, if other than
the registered holder thereof, or the manner in which any interest is payable
on a Bearer Security if other than upon presentation of the coupons pertaining
thereto, as the case may be; or (xiv) any other specific terms of such Debt
Securities.
Principal, interest and premium, and Additional Amounts, if any, will be
payable in the manner, at the places and subject to the restrictions set forth
in the Indenture, the Debt Securities and the Prospectus Supplement relating
thereto.
Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus Supplement relating thereto,
the Debt Securities will be issued in fully registered form without coupons.
Where Debt Securities of any series are issued in bearer form, the special
restrictions and considerations, including special offering restrictions and
special federal income tax considerations, applicable to any such Debt
Securities and to payment on, and transfer and exchange of, such Debt
Securities will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Some of the Debt Securities may be issued as discounted Debt Securities
(bearing no interest or at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market
rates) to be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal
amount. Federal income tax consequences and other special considerations
applicable to any such discounted Debt Securities will be described in the
Prospectus Supplement relating thereto.
If the purchase price of any Debt Securities is payable in one or more
foreign currencies or currency units or if any Debt Securities are denominated
in one or more foreign currencies or currency units or if the principal of,
premium, if any, or interest, if any, on any Debt Securities is payable in one
or more foreign currencies or currency units, the restrictions, elections,
certain federal income tax considerations, specific terms and other information
with respect to such issue of Debt Securities and such foreign currency or
currency units will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Debt Securities may be presented for exchange, and registered Debt
Securities may be presented for transfer, in the manner, at the places and
subject to the restrictions set forth in the Indenture, the Debt Securities and
the Prospectus Supplement relating thereto. Debt Securities in bearer form and
the coupons, if any, appertaining thereto
8
will be transferable by delivery. No service charge will be made for any
transfer or exchange of Debt Securities, but the Company may require payment of
a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in
connection therewith. (Section 2.06)
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
covenants contained in the Indenture and the Debt Securities would not afford
Holders of the Debt Securities protection in the event of a highly leveraged or
other transaction involving the Company that may adversely affect Holders.
If the Debt Securities are convertible into shares of Common Stock, the
conversion price payable and the number of shares purchasable upon conversion
may be subject to adjustment in certain events as set forth in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement.
Form, Registration, Transfer and Exchange
The Debt Securities of a series may be issued solely as Registered
Securities, solely as Bearer Securities (with or without coupons attached) or
as both Registered Securities and Bearer Securities. Debt Securities of a
series may be issuable in whole or part in the form of one or more global Debt
Securities ("Global Securities"), as described below under "Book-Entry Debt
Securities."
Registered Securities of any series will be exchangeable for other
Registered Securities of the same series or any authorized denominations and of
a like aggregate principal amount and tenor. In addition, if Debt Securities of
any series are issuable as both Registered Securities and as Bearer Securities,
at the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the Indenture, Bearer
Securities (accompanied by all unmatured coupons, except as provided below, and
all matured coupons in default) of such series will be exchangeable for
Registered Securities of the same series of any authorized denominations and of
a like aggregate principal amount and tenor. Unless otherwise indicated in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement, any Bearer Security surrendered in exchange
for a Registered Security between a record date or a special record date for
defaulted interest and the relevant date for payment of interest will be
surrendered without the coupon relating to such date for payment of interest
and interest will not be payable in respect of the Registered Security issued
in exchange for such Bearer Security, but will be payable only to the holder of
such coupon when due in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. Bearer
Securities will not be issued in exchange for Registered Securities. (Sections
2.06, 2.12 and 4.01)
Debt Securities may be presented for exchange as provided above, and
unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, Registered
Securities may be presented for registration of transfer (duly endorsed, or
accompanied by a duly executed written instrument of transfer), at the office
of any transfer agent designated by the Company for such purpose with respect
to any series of Debt Securities and referred to in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, without service charge and upon payment of any taxes and other
governmental charges as described in the Indenture. Such transfer or exchange
will be effected upon such transfer agent being satisfied with the documents of
title and identity of the person making the request. The Company may at any
time rescind the designation of any transfer agent, provided, however, that no
such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its
obligation to maintain an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Debt
Securities of such series. The Company may at any time designate additional
transfer agents with respect to any series of Debt Securities. (Sections 2.06
and 4.02)
In the event of any redemption of Debt Securities of any series, the
Company will not be required to (i) register the transfer of or exchange Debt
Securities of that series during a period of 15 days next preceding the
selection of securities of such series to be redeemed; (ii) register the
transfer of or exchange any Registered Security, or portion thereof, called for
redemption, except the unredeemed portion of any Registered Security being
redeemed in part; or (iii) exchange any Bearer Security called for redemption
except, to the extent provided with respect to any series of Debt Securities
and referred to in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, to exchange such
Bearer Security for a Registered Security of that series and of like tenor and
principal amount that is immediately surrendered for redemption. (Section 2.06)
Payment and Paying Agents
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement,
payment of principal, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any,
on Registered Securities will be made at the office of such paying agent or
paying agents as the Company may designate from time to time, except that at
the option of the Company payment of any interest and any Additional Amounts
may be made by check or draft mailed to the address of the Person
9
entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Debt Security Register.
Unless indicated in an applicable Prospectus Supplement, payment of any
installment of interest on Registered Securities will be made to the Person in
whose name such Registered Security is registered at the close of business on
the record date for such interest. (Section 4.01)
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement,
payment of principal, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any,
on Bearer Securities will be payable, subject to any applicable laws and
regulations, at the offices of such paying agents outside the United States as
the Company may designate from time to time, or by check or by transfer to an
account maintained by the payee outside the United States. Unless otherwise
indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, any payment of interest on
any Bearer Securities will be made only against surrender of the coupon
relating to such interest installment. (Sections 2.06 and 4.02)
Any paying agents in or outside the United States initially designated by
the Company for the Debt Securities will be named in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement. If the Debt Securities of a series are listed on a stock exchange
located outside the United Sates, and such stock exchange shall so require, the
Company will maintain a paying agent with respect to such series in London,
Luxembourg or any other city so required located outside the United States so
long as the Debt Securities of such series are listed on such exchange. The
Company may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the
designation of any paying agent, provided, however, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to
maintain an office or agency in each Place of Payment. (Section 4.02)
All monies paid by the Company to a paying agent for the payment of
principal of or interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on any Debt Security
which remain unclaimed at the end of one year after such principal, interest or
Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable will be repaid to the
Company and the holder of such Debt Security or any coupon will thereafter look
only to the Company for payment thereof. (Section 4.03)
Book-Entry Debt Securities
The Debt Securities of a series may be issued in the form of one or more
Global Securities that will be deposited with a Depository or its nominee
identified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. In such a case, one or more
Global Securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations
equal to the portion of the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Debt
Securities of the series to be represented by such Global Security or Global
Securities. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for Debt
Securities in registered form, a Global Security may not, subject to certain
exceptions, be registered for transfer or exchange except to the Depository for
such Global Security or a nominee of such Depository. (Section 2.06)
The specific terms of the depository arrangement with respect to any
portion of a series of Debt Securities to be represented by a Global Security
will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The Company expects
that the provisions described below will be applicable to depository
arrangements.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, Debt
Securities which are to be represented by a Global Security to be deposited
with or on behalf of a Depository will be represented by a Global Security
registered in the name of such Depository or its nominee. Upon the issuance of
such Global Security and the deposit of such Global Security with or on behalf
of the Depository for such Global Security, the Depository will credit on its
book-entry registration and transfer system the respective principal amounts of
the Debt Securities represented by such Global Security to the accounts of
institutions that have accounts with such Depository or its nominee
("participants"). The accounts to be credited will be designated by the
underwriters or agents of such Debt Securities or by the Company if such Debt
Securities are offered and sold directly by the Company. Ownership of
beneficial interests in such Global Security will be limited to participants or
persons that may hold interests through participants. Ownership of beneficial
interest by participants in such Global Security will be shown on, and the
transfer of that ownership interest will be effected only through, records
maintained by the Depository for such Global Security. The laws of some
jurisdictions require that certain purchasers of securities take physical
delivery of such securities in certificated form. The foregoing limitations and
such laws may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in such
Global Securities.
So long as the Depository for a Global Security or its nominee is the
registered owner of such Global Security, such Depository or such nominee, as
the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the Debt
Securities represented by such Global Security for all purposes under the
Indenture. Unless otherwise specified in
10
the applicable Prospectus Supplement, owners of beneficial interests in such
Global Security will not be entitled to have Debt Securities of the Series
represented by such Global Security registered in their names, will not receive
or be entitled to receive physical delivery of Debt Securities of such series
in certificated form and will not be considered the holders thereof for any
purposes under the Indenture. (Sections 2.06 and 11.03) Accordingly, each
person owning a beneficial interest in such Global Security must rely on the
procedures of the Depository and, if such person is not a participant, on the
procedures of the participant through which such person owns its interest to
exercise any rights of a holder under the Indenture. The Company understands
that, under existing industry practices, if the Company requests any action of
holders or an owner of a beneficial interest in such Global Security desires to
give any notice or take any action a holder is entitled to give or take under
the Indenture, the Depository would authorize the participants to give such
notice or take such action, and participants would authorize beneficial owners
owning through such participants to give such notice or take such notice or
would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners owning through
them.
Principal of and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts on a Global
Security will be payable in the manner described in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement.
Limitation on Liens on Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Company will not, nor will it permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, issue,
assume or guarantee any indebtedness for borrowed money (hereinafter referred
to as "Debt") secured by a mortgage, security interest, pledge, lien or other
encumbrance upon any shares of stock of any Restricted Subsidiary without
effectively providing that the Debt Securities (together with, if the Company
shall so determine, any other indebtedness of or guarantee by the Company
ranking equally with the Debt Securities and then existing or thereafter
created) shall be secured equally and ratably with such Debt. (Section 4.06)
For purposes of the Indenture, "Restricted Subsidiary" means any operating
subsidiary that accounts for 10% or more of the consolidated revenues and/or
assets of the Company, and any successor to all or a principal part of the
business or properties of any thereof and any other subsidiary which the Board
of Directors designates as a Restricted Subsidiary.
Limitation on Issuance or Disposition of Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Company will not, nor will it permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, issue, sell,
assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Capital
Stock (as defined below) (other than nonvoting preferred stock) of any
Restricted Subsidiary, except for (i) the purpose of qualifying directors; (ii)
sales or other dispositions to the Company or one or more Restricted
Subsidiaries; (iii) the disposition of all or any part of the Capital Stock of
any Restricted Subsidiary for consideration which is at least equal to the fair
value of such Capital Stock as determined by the Company's Board of Directors
(acting in good faith); or (iv) an issuance, sale, assignment, transfer or
other disposition required to comply with an order of a court or regulatory
authority of competent jurisdiction, other than an order issued at the request
of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary. (Section 4.07)
For the purposes of the Indenture, "Capital Stock" means any and all
shares, interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or
other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) corporate stock.
(Section 1.01)
Defaults and Remedies
An Event of Default with respect to Debt Securities of any series is
defined in the Indenture as being: (a) default for thirty (30) days in payment
of any interest or Additional Amounts on the Debt Securities of such series;
(b) default in payment of principal or premium, if any, on the Debt Securities
of such series when due either at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or
otherwise (except a failure to make payment resulting from mistake, oversight
or transfer difficulties not continuing for more than three (3) Business Days
beyond the date on which such payment is due); (c) default in payment of any
sinking fund installment when due and payable (except a failure to make payment
result from mistake, oversight or transfer difficulties not continuing for more
than three (3) Business Days beyond the date on which such payment is due); (d)
default by the Company in the performance or breach of any other covenant or
warranty of the Company in respect of the Debt Securities of such series for a
period of sixty (60) days after notice thereof to the Company or Trustee (other
than a covenant default which is specifically designed
11
as having a different time period); (e) certain events involving the bankruptcy
or insolvency of the Company; or (f) other Events of Default as specified in
the Supplemental Indenture or Board Resolution under which such series of Debt
Securities was issued. (Section 6.01)
The Indenture provides that (1) if an Event of Default described in
clauses (a), (b), (c) or, in the event of a default with respect to less than
all Outstanding series under the Indenture, (d) above shall have occurred and
be continuing with respect to one or more series, either the Trustee or the
holders of 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities of such
series then Outstanding (each such series voting as a separate class) may
declare the principal (or, in the case of original issue discount Debt
Securities, the portion thereof specified in the terms thereof) of all
Outstanding Debt Securities of such series and the interest accrued thereon and
Additional Amounts payable in respect thereof, if any, to be due and payable
immediately and (2) if an Event of Default described in clause (d) (in the
event of a default with respect to all Outstanding series) or (e) above shall
have occurred and be continuing, either the Trustee or the holders of 25% in
principal amount of all Debt Securities then Outstanding (voting as one class)
may declare the principal (or, in the case of original issue discount Debt
Securities, the portion of the principal amount thereof specified in the terms
thereof) of all Debt Securities then Outstanding and the interest accrued
thereon and Additional Amounts payable in respect thereof, if any, to be due
and payable immediately, but upon certain conditions such declarations may be
annulled and past defaults (except for defaults in the payment of principal of,
or premium, interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on such Debt Securities)
may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Debt
Securities of such series (or of all series, as the case may be) then
Outstanding. (Sections 6.01 and 6.10)
Holders may not enforce the Indenture or the Debt Securities except as
provided in the Indenture. The Trustee may refuse to enforce the Indenture or
the Debt Securities unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it. Subject to
certain limitations, holders of a majority in principal amount of the Debt
Securities of any series may direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or
power. The Company is required to deliver annually to the Trustee an officer's
statement indicating whether the signer knows of any default by the Company in
performing any of its obligations under the Indenture. The Trustee may withhold
from Holders notice of any continuing default (except a default in payment of
principal, premium, if any, interest or Additional Amounts, if any, or any
sinking or purchase fund installment) if it determines that withholding notice
is in their interest. (Sections 4.05, 6.06, 6.09, 6.11, 7.01 and 7.05)
Defeasance
Unless otherwise described in a Prospectus Supplement with respect to any
series of Debt Securities, the Company, at its option, (a) will be discharged
from any and all obligations in respect of such Debt Securities (except in each
case for certain obligations to register the transfer or exchange of such Debt
Securities, replace stolen, lost or mutilated Debt Securities, maintain paying
agencies and hold moneys for payment in trust) on the ninety-first day after
satisfaction of all conditions thereto or (b) effective upon the satisfaction
of all conditions thereto, need not comply with certain restrictive covenants
(including any covenants or agreements applicable with respect to a particular
series of Debt Securities) under the Indenture and will not be limited by any
restrictions with respect to merger, consolidation or sales of assets, in each
case if the Company deposits with the Trustee, in trust, (x) money or (y)
Government Obligations or a combination of (x) and (y) which, through the
payment of interest thereon and principal thereof in accordance with their
terms, will in the written opinion of independent public accountants selected
by the Company, provide money in an amount sufficient to pay all the principal
(including any mandatory sinking fund payments) of, and interest and Additional
Amounts, if any, and premium, if any, on, such Debt Securities on the dates
such payment are due in accordance with the terms of such series. (Section
8.02) In order to avail itself of either of the foregoing options, no Event of
Default shall have occurred and be continuing under the Indenture and the
Company must provide to the Trustee (i) an opinion of counsel to the effect
that holders of the Debt Securities of such series will not recognize income,
gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of the Company's
exercise of its option and will be subject to federal income tax on the same
amount and in the same manner, and at the same time as would have been the case
if such option had not been exercised and, in the case of Debt Securities being
discharged, such opinion shall be accompanied by a private letter ruling to
that effect received from the United States Internal Revenue Service (the
"Service") or a revenue ruling pertaining to a comparable form of transaction
to that effect published by the Service, (ii) an officers' certificate to the
effect that no Event of Default or event which with the giving of notice or
lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default, with respect to such
Debt Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of the
deposit, and (iii) if the Debt Securities are listed on the New York Stock
Exchange, an opinion of counsel to the effect that the exercise of such option
will not cause the Debt Securities to be delisted. (Section 8.02) "Governmental
12
Obligations" means generally direct noncallable obligations of the government
which issued the currency in which the Debt Securities of the applicable series
are denominated, noncallable obligations the payment of the principal of and
interest on which is fully guaranteed by such government, and noncallable
obligations on which the full faith and credit of such government is pledged to
the payment of the principal thereof and interest thereon. (Section 1.01). In
addition, the Company may obtain a discharge under the Indenture with respect
to all the Debt Securities of a series by depositing with the Trustee, in
trust, moneys or Government Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon
redemption principal of, premium, if any, and any interest and Additional
Amounts on, all of the Debt Securities of such series, provided that all of the
Debt Securities of such series are by their terms to become due and payable
within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year. No opinion
of counsel or ruling relating to the tax consequences to holders is required
with respect to a discharge pursuant to the provisions described in the
immediately preceding sentence. (Section 8.01) In the event of any discharge of
Debt Securities pursuant to the terms of the Indenture described above, the
holders of such Debt Securities will thereafter be able to look solely to such
trust fund, and not to the Company, for payments of principal, premium, if any,
and interest and Additional Amounts, if any. (Sections 8.01 and 8.02)
Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Company may not consolidate with or merge into, or sell, lease or convey all or
substantially all of its assets to, another corporation unless (i) the
successor or transferee corporation, which shall be a corporation organized and
existing under the laws of the United States or a State thereof, assumes by
supplemental indenture all the obligations of the Company under the Debt
Securities and the Indenture and (ii) the Company or successor corporation, as
the case may be, will not, immediately after such consolidation or merger or
sale, lease or conveyance, be in default in the performance of any covenant or
condition with respect to the Debt Securities or the Indenture. The Company
will deliver to the Trustee an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel,
each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental
indenture comply with the terms of the Indenture. Upon any consolidation or
merger, or any sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all of the
assets of the Company, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation
or into which the Company is merged or to which such transfer is made shall
succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of,
the Company under the Indenture. Sections 5.01 and 5.02). Thereafter all
obligations of the predecessor corporation shall terminate. (Section 5.01)
Modification of the Indenture
The Indenture permits the Company and the Trustee to amend or supplement
the Indenture or the Debt Securities without notice to or consent of any holder
of a Debt Security for certain purposes, including without limitation, to cure
any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, to comply with Section 5.01 (relating
to when the Company may consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of
its assets), to provide for uncertificated Debt Securities, to establish the
form or terms of Debt Securities of any series or to make any change that does
not adversely affect the rights of any holder of a Debt Security. (Section
9.01) Certain modifications and amendments of the Indenture may be made by the
Company and the Trustee only with the consent of the holders of at least a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Debt Securities of
each series issued under the Indenture which is affected by the modification or
amendment (voting as one class). However, no such modification or amendment
may, without the consent of the holder of each Debt Security affected thereby,
(i) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Debt Securities whose holders must
consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver; (ii) reduce the rate or rates or
extend the time for payment of interest or Additional Amounts, if any, on any
Debt Security; (iii) reduce the principal of or premium, if any, on or extend
the fixed maturity of any Debt Security; (iv) modify or effect in any manner
adverse to the holders of Debt Securities the terms and conditions of the
obligations of the Company in respect of its obligations under the Indenture;
(v) waive a default in the payment of principal of or premium or interest or
Additional Amounts, if any, on any Debt Security; (vi) impair the right to
institute a suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to any
series of Debt Securities; (vii) change a Place of Payment; or (viii) make any
Debt Security payable in currency other than that stated in the Debt Security.
(Section 9.02)
Governing Law
The Indenture and the Debt Securities will be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
13
DESCRIPTION OF JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES
The Junior Subordinated Debt Securities may be issued in one or more
series under a Junior Subordinated Indenture, as supplemented from time to time
(as so supplemented, the "Junior Subordinated Indenture"), between the Company
and State Street Bank and Trust Company as trustee (the "Junior Subordinated
Indenture Trustee"). This summary of certain terms and provisions of the Junior
Subordinated Indenture does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and
is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Junior Subordinated
Indenture, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part, and to the Trust Indenture
Act. The Junior Subordinated Indenture is qualified under the Trust Indenture
Act. Certain terms defined in the Junior Subordinated Indenture are capitalized
in this Prospectus. Whenever particular defined terms of the Junior
Subordinated Indenture are referred to herein or in a Prospectus Supplement,
such defined terms are incorporated herein or therein by reference.
General
Each series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will rank pari passu
with all other series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities and will be
unsecured and subordinate and junior in right of payment to the extent and in
the manner set forth in the Junior Subordinated Indenture to all Senior Debt
(as defined below) of the Company. See "--Subordination." The Company is a
non-operating holding company and substantially all of the operating assets of
the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are owned by such subsidiaries.
The Company relies primarily on dividends from such subsidiaries to meet its
obligations. The payment of dividends by Keyport is limited under the insurance
company holding company laws of the State of Rhode Island. Accordingly, the
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be effectively subordinated to all
existing and future liabilities of the Company's subsidiaries, and holders of
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities should look only to the assets of the
Company for payments on the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. Except as
otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Junior
Subordinated Indenture does not limit the incurrence or issuance of other
secured or unsecured debt of the Company or its subsidiaries, whether under the
Junior Subordinated Indenture, any other indenture that the Company may enter
into in the future or otherwise. See "--Subordination" and the Prospectus
Supplement relating to any offering of Offered Securities.
The Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be issuable in one or more
series pursuant to an indenture supplemental to the Junior Subordinated
Indenture or a resolution of the Company's Board of Directors or a committee
thereof.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement or Prospectus Supplements will
describe the following terms of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities: (1)
the title of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities; (2) any limit upon the
aggregate principal amount of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities; (3) the
date or dates on which the principal of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities
is payable (the "Stated Maturity") or the method of determination thereof; (4)
the rate or rates, if any, at which the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities
shall bear interest, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest
shall be payable, the right, if any, of the Company to defer or extend an
Interest Payment Date, and the Regular Record Date for any interest payable on
any Interest Payment Date or the method by which any of the foregoing shall be
determined; (5) the place or places where, subject to the terms of the Junior
Subordinated Indenture as described below under "Payment and Paying Agents,"
the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities will be payable and where, subject to the terms of the Junior
Subordinated Indenture as described below under "--Denominations, Registration
and Transfer," the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities may be presented for
registration of transfer or exchange and the place or places where notices and
demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities and the Junior Subordinated Indentures may be made ("Place of
Payment"); (6) any period or periods within or date or dates on which, the
price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the
option of the Company or a holder thereof; (7) the obligation or the right, if
any, of the Company to redeem, purchase or repay the Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at
which, the currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which
and the other terms and conditions upon which the Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities shall be redeemed, repaid or purchased, in whole or in part,
pursuant to such obligation; (8) the denominations in which any Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities shall be issuable if other than denominations of
$25 and any integral multiple thereof; (9) if other than in U.S. dollars, the
currency or currencies (including currency unit or units) in which the
principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, on the Junior
14
Subordinated Debt Securities shall be payable, or in which the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities shall be denominated; (10) any additions,
modifications or deletions in the Events of Default or covenants of the Company
specified in the Junior Subordinated Indenture with respect to the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities; (11) if other than the principal amount thereof,
the portion of the principal amount of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities that
shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof; (12)
any additions or changes to the Junior Subordinated Indenture with respect to a
series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities as shall be necessary to permit
or facilitate the issuance of such series in bearer form, registrable or not
registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons; (13) any
index or indices used to determine the amount of payments of principal of and
premium, if any, on the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities and the manner in
which such amounts will be determined; (14) the terms and conditions relating
to the issuance of a temporary Global Security representing all of the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities of such series and the exchange of such temporary
Global Security for definitive Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of such
series; (15) subject to the terms described under "--Global Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities", whether the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of the series
shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global
Securities and, in such case, the Depositary for such Global Securities, which
Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; (16)
the appointment of any Paying Agent or Agents; (17) the terms and conditions of
any obligation or right of the Company or a holder to convert or exchange the
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities into Preferred Securities; (18) the form of
Trust Agreement and Guarantee Agreement, if applicable; (19) the relative
degree, if any, to which such Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of the series
shall be senior to or be subordinated to other series of such Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities or other indebtedness of the Company in right of
payment, whether such other series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities or
other indebtedness are outstanding or not; and (20) any other terms of the
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities not inconsistent with the provisions of the
Junior Subordinated Indenture.
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities may be sold at a substantial discount
below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate
which at the time of issuance is below market rates. Certain United States
federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to any
such Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be described in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement.
If the purchase price of any of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities is
payable in one or more foreign currencies or currency units or if any Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities are denominated in one or more foreign currencies
or currency units or if the principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any,
on any Junior Subordinated Debt Securities is payable in one or more foreign
currencies or currency units, the restrictions, elections, certain United
States federal income tax consequences, specific terms and other information
with respect to such issue of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities and such
foreign currency or currency units will be set forth in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement.
If any index is used to determine the amount of payments of principal of,
premium, if any, or interest on any series of Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, special United States federal income tax, accounting and other
considerations applicable thereto will be described in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement.
Denominations, Registration and Transfer
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be issuable only in registered form
without coupons in denominations of $25 and any integral multiple thereof.
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of any series will be exchangeable for
other Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of the same issue and series, of any
authorized denominations, of a like aggregate principal amount, of the same
Original Issue Date and Stated Maturity and bearing the same interest rate.
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities may be presented for exchange as
provided above, and may be presented for registration of transfer (with the
form of transfer endorsed thereon, or a satisfactory written instrument of
transfer, duly executed), at the office of the appropriate Securities Registrar
or at the office of any transfer agent designated by the Company for such
purpose with respect to any series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities and
referred to in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, without service charge and
upon payment of any taxes and other governmental charges as described in the
Junior Subordinated Indenture. The Company will appoint the Trustee as
Securities Registrar under the Junior Subordinated Indenture. If the applicable
Prospectus Supplement refers to any transfer agents (in addition to the
Securities Registrar) initially designated by the Company with respect to any
15
series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, the Company may at any time
rescind the designation of any such transfer agent or approve a change in the
location through which any such transfer agent acts, provided that the Company
maintains a transfer agent in each Place of Payment for such series. The
Company may at any time designate additional transfer agents with respect to
any series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities.
In the event of any redemption, neither the Company nor the Junior
Subordinated Indenture Trustee shall be required to (i) issue, register the
transfer of or exchange Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of any series
during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of
selection for redemption of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of that series
and ending at the close of business on the day of mailing of the relevant
notice of redemption or (ii) transfer or exchange any Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities so selected for redemption, except, in the case of any Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities being redeemed in part, any portion thereof not to
be redeemed.
Global Junior Subordinated Debt Securities
The Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of a series may be issued in whole
or in part in the form of one or more Global Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary (the
"Depositary") identified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such series.
Global Junior Subordinated Debt Securities may be issued only in fully
registered form and in either temporary or permanent form. Unless and until it
is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities represented thereby, a Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security may
not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such Global Junior
Subordinated Debt Security to a nominee of such Depositary or by a nominee of
such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by
the Depositary or any nominee to a successor Depositary or any nominee of such
successor.
The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to a series
of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be described in the Prospectus
Supplement relating to such series. The Company anticipates that the following
provisions will generally apply to depositary arrangements.
Upon the issuance of a Global Junior Subordinated Debt security, and the
deposit of such Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security with or on behalf of
the Depositary, the Depositary for such Global Junior Subordinated Debt
Security or its nominee will credit, on its book-entry registration and
transfer system, the respective principal amounts of the individual Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities represented by such Global Junior Subordinated
Debt Security to the accounts of persons that have accounts with such
Depositary ("Participants"). Such accounts shall be designated by the dealers,
underwriters or agents with respect to such Junior Subordinated Debt Securities
or by the Company if such Junior Subordinated Debt Securities are offered and
sold directly by the Company. Ownership of beneficial interests in a Global
Junior Subordinated Debt Security will be limited to participants or persons
that may hold interests through Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests
in such Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security will be shown on, and the
transfer of that ownership will be effected only through, records maintained by
the applicable Depositary or its nominee (with respect to interests of
Participants) and the records of participants (with respect to interests of
persons who hold through Participants). The laws of some states require that
certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in
definitive form. Such limits and such laws may impair the ability to transfer
beneficial interests in a Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security.
So long as the Depositary for a Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security,
or its nominee, is the registered owner of such Global Junior Subordinated Debt
Security, such Depositary or such nominee, as the case may be, will be
considered the sole owner or holder of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities
represented by such Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security for all purposes
under the Junior Subordinated Indenture governing such Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities. Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in a
Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security will not be entitled to have any of
the individual Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of the series represented by
such Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security registered in their names, will
not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of any such Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities of such series in definitive form and will not be
considered the owners or holders thereof under the Junior Subordinated
Indenture.
Payments of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on individual
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities represented by a Global Junior Subordinated
Debt Security registered in the name of a Depositary or its nominee will be
made to the Depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered
owner of the Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security representing such Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities. None of the Company, the Junior Subordinated
Indenture Trustee, any Paying Agent, or the Securities Registrar for such
Junior Subordinated
16
Debt Securities will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the
records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership
interests of the Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security representing such
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities or for maintaining, supervising or
reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
The Company expects that the Depositary for a series of Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of
principal, premium or interest in respect of a permanent Global Junior
Subordinated Debt Security representing any of such Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, immediately will credit Participants' accounts with payments in
amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interest in the principal
amount of such Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security for such Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities as shown on the records of such Depositary or its
nominee. The Company also expects that payments by Participants to owners of
beneficial interests in such Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security held
through such Participants will be governed by standing instructions and
customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts
of customers in bearer form or registered in "street name." Such payments will
be the responsibility of such Participants.
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, if a
Depositary for a series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities is at any time
unwilling, unable or ineligible to continue as depositary and a successor
depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days, the Company will
issue individual Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of such series in exchange
for the Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security representing such series of
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. In addition, the Company may at any time
and in its sole discretion, subject to any limitations described in the
Prospectus Supplement relating to such Junior Subordinated Debt Securities,
determine not to have any Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of such series
represented by one or more Global Junior Subordinated Debt Securities and, in
such event, will issue individual Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of such
series in exchange for the Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security or
Securities representing such series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities.
Further, if the Company so specifies with respect to the Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities of a series, an owner of a beneficial interest in a Global
Junior Subordinated Debt Security representing Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities of such series may, on terms acceptable to the Company, the Junior
Subordinated Indenture Trustee and the Depositary for such Global Junior
Subordinated Debt Security, receive individual Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities of such series in exchange for such beneficial interests, subject to
any limitations described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities. In any such instance, an owner of a beneficial
interest in a Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security will be entitled to
physical delivery of individual Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of the
series represented by such Global Junior Subordinated Debt Security equal in
principal amount to such beneficial interest and to have such Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities registered in its name. Individual Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities of such series so issued will be issued in
denominations, unless otherwise specified by the Company, of $25 and integral
multiples thereof.
Payment and Paying Agents
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement,
payment of principal of (and premium, if any) and any interest on Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities will be made at the office of the Junior
Subordinated Indenture Trustee in the City of New York or at the office of such
Paying Agent or Paying Agents as the Company may designate from time to time in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement, except that at the option of the Company
payment of any interest may be made (i) except in the case of Global Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, by check mailed to the address of the Person
entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Securities Register or
(ii) by transfer to an account maintained by the Person entitled thereto as
specified in the Securities Register, provided that proper transfer
instructions have been received by the Regular Record Date. Unless otherwise
indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, payment of any interest on
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be made to the Person in whose name
such Junior Subordinated Debt Securities are registered at the close of
business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, except in the case of
Defaulted Interest. The Company may at any time designate additional Paying
Agents or rescind the designation of any Paying Agent; however the Company will
at all times be required to maintain a Paying Agent in each Place of Payment
for each series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities.
Any moneys deposited with the Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee or any
Paying Agent, or then held by the Company in trust, for the payment of the
principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Junior Subordinated Debt
Security and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal (and
premium, if any) or interest has become due and payable shall, at the request
of the Company, be repaid to the Company and the holder of such Junior
Subordinated Debt Security shall thereafter look, as a general unsecured
creditor, only to the Company for payment thereof.
17
Option to Extend Interest Payment Date
If provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Company shall
have the right at any time and from time to time during the term of any series
of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities to defer payment of interest for such
number of consecutive interest payment periods as may be specified in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement (each, an "Extension Period"), subject to the
terms, conditions and covenants, if any, specified in such Prospectus
Supplement, provided that such Extension Period may not extend beyond the
Stated Maturity of such series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. Certain
United States federal income tax consequences and special considerations
applicable to any such Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be described in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Redemption
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities will not be subject to any sinking fund.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Company may, at its option, redeem the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of
any series in whole at any time or in part from time to time. Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities in denominations larger than $25 may be redeemed
in part but only in integral multiples of $25. Except as otherwise specified in
the applicable prospectus Supplement, the redemption price for any Junior
Subordinated Debt Security so redeemed shall equal any accrued and unpaid
interest thereon to the redemption date, plus the principal amount thereof.
Except as otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, if
a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Tax Event (as defined below) in respect of
a series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities shall occur and be continuing,
the Company may, at its option, redeem such series of Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities in whole (but not in part) at any time within 90 days of the
occurrence of such Junior Subordinated Debt Security Tax Event, at a redemption
price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities then outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date fixed
for redemption.
"Junior Subordinated Debt Security Tax Event" means the receipt by the
Company of an opinion of counsel experienced in such matters to the effect
that, as a result of any amendment to, or change (including any announced
prospective change) in, the laws (or any regulations thereunder) of the United
States or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, or
as a result of any official administrative pronouncement or judicial decision
interpreting or applying such laws or regulations, which amendment or change is
effective or which pronouncement or decision is announced on or after the date
of issuance of the applicable series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities
under the Junior Subordinated Indenture, there is more than an insubstantial
risk that interest payable by the Company on such series of Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities is not, or within 90 days of the date of such opinion will not
be, deductible by the Company, in whole or in part, for United States federal
income tax purposes.
Notice of any redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than
60 days before the redemption date to each Holder of Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities to be redeemed at its registered address. Unless the Company
defaults in payment of the redemption price, on and after the redemption date
interest ceases to accrue on such Junior Subordinated Debt Securities or
portions thereof called for redemption.
Restrictions on Certain Payments
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Company will also covenant, as to each series of Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, that it will not, and will not permit any subsidiary of the Company
to, (i) declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase,
acquire, or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of the Company's
capital stock or (ii) make any payment of principal, interest or premium, if
any, on or repay or repurchase or redeem any debt securities of the Company
(including other Junior Subordinated Debt Securities) that rank pari passu with
or junior in interest to the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities or make any
guarantee payments with respect to any guarantee by the Company of the debt
securities of any subsidiary of the Company if such guarantee ranks pari passu
or junior in interest to the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities (other than
(a) dividends or distributions in common stock of the Company, (b) redemptions
or purchases of any rights pursuant to any rights plan adopted by the Company,
or any successor to any such rights plan, and the declaration of a dividend of
such rights or the issuance of stock under such plans in the future, (c)
payments under any Guarantee and (d) purchases of common stock related to the
issuance of common stock under any of the Company's benefit plans for its
directors, officers or employees) if at such time (i) there shall have occurred
any
18
event of which the Company has actual knowledge that (a) with the giving of
notice or the lapse of time, or both, would constitute an "Event of Default"
under the Junior Subordinated Indenture with respect to the Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities of such series and (b) in respect of which the Company shall
not have taken reasonable steps to cure, (ii) if such Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities are held by a Liberty Financial Trust of a series of Related
Preferred Securities, the Company shall be in default with respect to its
payment of any obligations under the Guarantee relating to such Related
Preferred Securities or (iii) the Company shall have given notice of its
selection of an Extension Period as provided in the Junior Subordinated
Indenture with respect to the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of such
series and shall not have rescinded such notice, or such Extension Period, or
any extension thereof, shall be continuing.
Modification of Junior Subordinated Indenture
From time to time the Company and the Junior Subordinated Indenture
Trustee may, without the consent of the holders of any series of Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, amend, waive or supplement the Junior
Subordinated Indenture for specified purposes, including, among other things,
curing ambiguities, defects of inconsistencies (provided that any such action
does not materially adversely affect the interest of the holders of any series
of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities or, in the case of Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, the holders of the Related Preferred Securities
so long as they remain outstanding) and qualifying, or maintaining the
qualification of, the Junior Subordinated Indenture under the Trust Indenture
Act. The Junior Subordinated Indenture contains provisions permitting the
Company and the Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee, with the consent of the
holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of each outstanding
series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities affected, to modify the Junior
Subordinated Indenture in a manner affecting the rights of the holders of such
series of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities; provided, that no such
modification may, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding Junior
Subordinated Debt Security so affected, (i) change the Stated Maturity of any
series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, or reduce the principal amount
thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon
(except such extension as is contemplated hereby) or (ii) reduce the percentage
of principal amount of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of any series, the
holders of which are required to consent to any such modification of the Junior
Subordinated Indenture, provided that, in the case of Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, so long as any of the Related Preferred
Securities remain outstanding, no such modification may be made that adversely
affects the holders of such Preferred Securities in any material respect, and
no termination of the Junior Subordinated Indenture may occur, and no waiver of
any Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default (as defined below) or
compliance with any covenant under the Junior Subordinated Indenture may be
effective, without the prior consent of the holders of at least a majority of
the aggregate liquidation preference of such Related Preferred Securities
unless and until the principal of the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon have been paid in full
and certain other conditions are satisfied.
In addition, the Company and the Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee may
execute, without the consent of any holder of Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, any supplemental Junior Subordinated Indenture for the purpose of
creating any new series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities.
Junior Subordinated Debt Security Events of Default
The Junior Subordinated Indenture provides that any one or more of the
following described events with respect to a series of Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities that has occurred and is continuing constitutes a "Junior
Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default" with respect to such series of
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities:
(i) failure for 30 days to pay any interest on such series of the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, when due (subject to the deferral of any due date
in the case of an Extension Period); or
(ii) failure to pay any principal or premium, if any, on such series of
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities when due whether at maturity, upon
redemption by declaration or otherwise; or
(iii) failure to observe or perform in any material respect certain other
covenants contained in the Junior Subordinated Indenture for 90 days after
written notice to the Company from the Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee or
the holders of at least 25% in aggregate outstanding principal amount of such
series of outstanding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities; or
(iv) certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the
Company.
19
The holders of a majority in aggregate outstanding principal amount of
such series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities have the right to direct the
time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to
the Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee. The Junior Subordinated Indenture
Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate outstanding principal
amount of such series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities may declare the
principal due and payable immediately upon a Junior Subordinated Debt Security
Event of Default, and, in the case of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, should the Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee or such holders of
such Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities fail to make such
declaration, the holders of at least 25% in aggregate liquidation preference of
the Related Preferred Securities shall have such right. The holders of a
majority in aggregate outstanding principal amount of such series of Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities may annul such declaration and waive the default
if the default (other than the non-payment of the principal of such series of
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities which has become due solely by such
acceleration) has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured
installments of interest and principal due otherwise than by acceleration has
been deposited with the Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee. In the case of
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, should the holders of such
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities fail to annul such
declaration and waive such default, the holders of a majority in aggregate
liquidation preference of the Related Preferred Securities shall have such
right.
The holders of a majority in aggregate outstanding principal amount of the
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities affected thereby may, on behalf of the
holders of all the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, waive any past default,
except a default in the payment of principal or interest (unless such default
has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest
and principal due otherwise than by acceleration has been deposited with the
Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee) or a default in respect of a covenant or
provision which under the Junior Subordinated Indenture cannot be modified or
amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding Junior
Subordinated Debt Security. In the case of Corresponding Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities, should the holders of such Corresponding Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities fail to annul such declaration and waive such default, the
holders of a majority in aggregate liquidation preference of the Related
Preferred Securities shall have such right. The Company is required to file
annually with the Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee a certificate as to
whether or not the Company is in compliance with all the conditions and
covenants applicable to it under the Junior Subordinated Indenture.
In case a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default shall occur
and be continuing as to a series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, the Property Trustee will have the right to declare the principal
of and the interest on such Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities,
and any other amounts payable under the Junior Subordinated Indenture, to be
forthwith due and payable and to enforce its other rights as a creditor with
respect to such Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities.
Enforcement of Certain Rights by Holders of Preferred Securities
If a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default has occurred and
is continuing and such event is attributable to the failure of the Company to
pay interest or principal on the related Junior Subordinated Debt Securities on
the date such interest or principal is otherwise payable, a holder of Preferred
Securities may institute a legal proceeding directly against the Company for
enforcement of payment to such holder of the principal of or interest on such
related Junior Subordinated Debt Securities having a principal amount equal to
the aggregate Liquidation Amount of the related Preferred Securities of such
holder (a "Direct Action"). The Company may not amend the Junior Subordinated
Indenture to remove the foregoing right to bring a Direct Action without the
prior written consent of the holders of all of the Preferred Securities. If the
right to bring a Direct Action is removed, the applicable Issue may become
subject to the reporting obligations under the Exchange Act. The Company shall
have the right under the Junior Subordinated Indenture to set-off any payment
made to such holder of Preferred Securities by the Company in connection with a
Direct Action. The holders of Preferred Securities will not be able to exercise
directly any other remedy available to the holders of the related Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities.
The holders of the Preferred Securities would not be able to exercise
directly any remedies other than those set forth in the preceding paragraph
available to the holders of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities unless
there shall have been an Event of Default under the Trust Agreement. See
"Description of Preferred Securities--Events of Default; Notice."
20
Consolidation, Merger, Sale of Assets and Other Transactions
The Junior Subordinated Indenture provides that the Company shall not
consolidate with or merge into any other Person or convey, transfer or lease
its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, and no
Person shall consolidate with or merge into the Company or convey, transfer or
lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to the Company,
unless (i) in case the Company consolidates with or merges into another Person
or conveys or transfers its properties and assets substantially as an entirety
to any Person, the successor Person is organized under the laws of the United
States or any state or the District of Columbia, and such successor Person
expressly assumes the Company's obligations on the Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities issued under the Junior Subordinated Indenture; (ii) immediately
after giving effect thereto, no Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of
Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would
become a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default, shall have
happened and be continuing; (iii) in the case of Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, such transaction is permitted under the related
Trust Agreement or Guarantee and does not give rise to any breach or violation
of the related Trust Agreement and Guarantee, and (iv) certain other conditions
as prescribed in the Junior Subordinated Indenture are met.
The general provisions of the Junior Subordinated Indenture do not afford
holders of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities protection in the event of a
highly leveraged or other transaction involving the Company that may adversely
affect holders of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities.
Satisfaction and Discharge
The Junior Subordinated Indenture provides that when, among other things,
all Junior Subordinated Debt Securities not previously delivered to the Junior
Subordinated Indenture Trustee for cancellation (i) have become due and payable
or (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year,
and the Company deposits or causes to be deposited with the Junior Subordinated
Indenture Trustee trust funds, in trust, for the purpose and in an amount in
the currency or currencies in which the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities are
payable sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities not previously delivered to the Junior
Subordinated Indenture Trustee for cancellation, for the principal (and
premium, if any) and interest to the date of the deposit or to the Stated
Maturity, as the case may be, then the Junior Subordinated Indenture will cease
to be of further effect (except as to the Company's obligations to pay all
other sums pursuant to the Junior Subordinated Indenture and to provide the
officers' certificates and opinions of counsel described therein), and the
Company will be deemed to have satisfied and discharged the Junior Subordinated
Indenture.
Conversion or Exchange
If and to the extent indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement,
the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of any series may be convertible or
exchangeable into Preferred Securities or other securities. The specific terms
on which Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of any series may be so converted
or exchanged will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Such
terms may include provisions for conversion or exchange, either mandatory, at
the option of the holder, or at the option of the Company, in which case the
number of shares of Preferred Securities or other securities to be received by
the Holders of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities would be calculated as of a
time and in the manner stated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Subordination
In the Junior Subordinated Indenture, the Company has covenanted and
agreed that any Junior Subordinated Debt Securities issued thereunder will be
subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior Debt (as defined
below) to the extent provided in the Junior Subordinated Indenture. Upon any
payment or distribution of assets to creditors upon any liquidation,
dissolution, winding up, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of
creditors, marshaling of assets or any bankruptcy, insolvency, debt
restructuring or similar proceedings in connection with any insolvency or
bankruptcy proceeding of the Company, the holders of Senior Debt will first be
entitled to receive payment in full of principal of (and premium, if any) and
interest, if any, on such Senior Debt before the holders of Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities or, in the case of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, the Property Trustee on behalf of the holders, will be entitled to
receive or retain any payment in respect of the principal of (and premium, if
any) or interest, if any, on the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities.
In the event of the acceleration of the maturity of any Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, the holders of all Senior Debt outstanding at the
time of such acceleration will be entitled to receive payment in full of all
amounts
21
due thereon (including any amounts due upon acceleration) before the holders of
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be entitled to receive or retain any
payment in respect of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if
any, on the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities.
No payments on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, if
any, in respect of the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities may be made if there
shall have occurred and be continuing a default in any payment with respect to
Senior Debt, or an event of default with respect to any Senior Debt resulting
in the acceleration of the maturity thereof, or if any judicial proceeding
shall be pending with respect to any such default.
"Debt" means with respect to any Person, whether recourse is to all or a
portion of the assets of such Person and whether or not contingent, (i) every
obligation of such Person for money borrowed; (ii) every obligation of such
Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments,
including obligations incurred in connection with the acquisition of property,
assets or businesses; (iii) every reimbursement obligation of such Person with
respect to letters of credit, bankers' acceptances or similar facilities issued
for the account of such person; (iv) every obligation of such Person issued or
assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services (but excluding
trade accounts payable or accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of
business); (v) every capital lease obligation of such Person; and (vi) every
obligation of the type referred to in clauses (i) through (v) of another Person
and all dividends of another Person the payment of which, in either case, such
Person has guaranteed or is responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, as
obligor or otherwise.
"Senior Debt" means the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest,
if any (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in
bankruptcy or for reorganization relating to the Company whether or not such
claim for post-petition interest is allowed in such proceeding), on Debt,
whether incurred on or prior to the date of the Junior Subordinated Indenture
or thereafter incurred, unless, in the instrument creating or evidencing the
same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding, it is provided that such
obligations are not superior in right of payment to the Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities or to other Debt which is pari passu with, or subordinated to,
the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities; provided, however, that Senior Debt
shall not be deemed to include (i) any Debt of the Company which when incurred
and without respect to any election under Section 1111(b) of the Bankruptcy
Code, was without recourse to the Company, (ii) any Debt of the Company to any
of its subsidiaries, (iii) Debt to any employee of the Company, (iv) any
liability for taxes, (v) indebtedness or monetary obligations to trade
creditors or assumed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries in the ordinary
course of business in connection with the obtaining of materials or services,
and (vi) any other debt securities issued pursuant to the Junior Subordinated
Indenture.
As discussed under "Description of the Senior Debt Securities--General,"
the Company is a non-operating holding company and substantially all of the
operating assets of the Company are owned by such subsidiaries. The Company
relies primarily on dividends from such subsidiaries to meet its obligations
for payment of principal and interest on its outstanding debt obligations and
corporate expenses. Accordingly, the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will
be effectively subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of the
Company's subsidiaries, including trade payable and lease obligations of the
Company's subsidiaries, and liabilities under contracts of insurance and
annuities written by the Company's insurance subsidiaries. Except as otherwise
provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, there is no limit on the
incurrence or issuance of other secured or unsecured debt by the Company or its
subsidiaries. Holders of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities should look only
to the assets of the Company for payments of interest and principal and
premium, if any.
The Junior Subordinated Indenture places no limitation on the amount of
additional Senior Debt that may be incurred by the Company. The Company expects
from time to time to incur additional indebtedness constituting Senior Debt.
The Junior Subordinated Indenture provides that the foregoing
subordination provisions, insofar as they relate to any particular issue of
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, may be changed prior to such issuance. Any
such change would be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Governing Law
The Junior Subordinated Indenture and the Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the
State of New York.
22
Information Concerning the Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee
The Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee shall have and be subject to all
the duties and responsibilities specified with respect to an indenture trustee
under the Trust Indenture Act. Subject to such provisions, the Junior
Subordinated Indenture Trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the
powers vested in it by the Junior Subordinated Indenture at the request of any
holder of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, unless offered reasonable
indemnity by such holder against the costs, expenses and liabilities which
might be incurred thereby. The Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee is not
required to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial
liability in the performance of its duties if the Junior Subordinated Indenture
Trustee reasonably believes that repayment or adequate indemnity is not
reasonably assured to it.
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities
The Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities may be issued in one
or more series of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities under the Junior
Subordinated Indenture with terms corresponding to the terms of a series of
Related Preferred Securities. In that event, concurrently with the issuance of
each Liberty Financial Trust's Preferred Securities, such Liberty Financial
Trust will invest the proceeds thereof and the consideration paid by the
Company for the Common Securities in a series of Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities issued by the Company to such Liberty Financial
Trust. Each series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be
in the principal amount equal to the aggregate stated Liquidation Amount of the
Related Preferred Securities and the Common Securities of such Liberty
Financial Trust and will rank pari passu with all other series of Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities. Holders of the Related Preferred Securities for a
series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will have the
rights in connection with modifications to the Junior Subordinated Indenture or
upon occurrence of Junior Subordinated Debt Security Events of Default
described under "--Modification of Junior Subordinated Indenture" and "--Junior
Subordinated Debt Security Events of Default," unless provided otherwise in the
Prospectus Supplement for such Related Preferred Securities.
If a Special Event in respect of a Liberty Financial Trust of Related
Preferred Securities shall occur and be continuing, the Company may, at its
option, redeem the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities at any
time within 90 days of the occurrence of such Special Event, in whole but not
in part, subject to the provisions of the Junior Subordinated Indenture. The
Redemption price for any Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities
shall be equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities then outstanding plus accrued and unpaid interest
to the date fixed for redemption. For so long as the applicable Liberty
Financial Trust is the holder of all the outstanding series of Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, the proceeds of any such redemption will
be used by the Liberty Financial Trust to redeem the corresponding Trust
Securities in accordance with their terms. The Company may not redeem a series
of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities in part unless all accrued
and unpaid interest has been paid in full on all outstanding Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities of such series for all interest periods
terminating on or prior to the Redemption Date.
The Company will covenant in the Junior Subordinated Indenture as to each
series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, that if and so
long as (i) the Liberty Financial Trust of the related series of Trust
Securities is the holder of all such Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, (ii) a Tax Event in respect of Liberty Financial Trust has occurred
and is continuing and (iii) the Company has elected, and has not revoked such
election, to pay Additional Sums (as defined under "Description of Preferred
Securities--Redemption or Exchange") in respect of such Trust Securities, the
Company will pay to such Liberty Financial Trust such Additional Sums. The
Company will also covenant, as to each series of Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, (i) to maintain directly or indirectly 100%
ownership of the Common Securities of the Liberty Financial Trust to which
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities have been issued, provided
that certain successors which are permitted pursuant to the Junior Subordinated
Indenture may succeed to the Company's ownership of the Common Securities, (ii)
not to voluntarily terminate, wind-up or liquidate any Liberty Financial Trust,
except (a) in connection with a distribution of Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities to the holders of the Preferred Securities in
liquidation of such Liberty Financial Trust, or (b) in connection with certain
mergers, consolidations or amalgamations permitted by the related Trust
Agreement and (iii) to use its reasonable efforts, consistent with the terms
and provisions of the related Trust Agreement, to cause such Liberty Financial
Trust to remain classified as a grantor trust and not as an association taxable
as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes.
23
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Voting Rights
Liberty has insurance subsidiaries organized under the laws of the State
of Rhode Island. Rhode Island law prohibits any person from directly or
indirectly acquiring control of any domestic insurer unless such person has
provided certain required information to the state insurance commission and
such acquisition of control has been approved by the state's insurance
commissioner. Under these insurance laws, any person acquiring 10% or more of
the outstanding voting stock of a corporation is presumed to have acquired
control of that corporation and its subsidiaries. Consequently, no person may
acquire, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting stock or voting
power of the Company outstanding unless such person has provided such required
information to the Rhode Island insurance commission and such acquisition is
approved by the insurance commissioner of such state.
The Company's Restated Articles of Organization (the "Restated Articles")
provide that the holders of shares of the Company's Common Stock have a right
to vote on all matters submitted to a vote of Liberty stockholders, except that
no person or group other than Liberty Mutual, certain affiliates of Liberty
Mutual, certain employee benefit plans established by Liberty or certain of its
subsidiaries and other persons approved in advance by the Board of Directors of
Liberty shall have the right to vote more than 20% of the combined voting power
of Liberty's Voting Stock (as defined in the Restated Articles and below).
Accordingly, assuming such 20% voting restriction does not apply, holders of a
majority of the shares of Common Stock entitled to vote in any election of
directors may elect all of the directors standing for election. As of September
9, 1998, Liberty Mutual owned, indirectly, approximately 72.7% of the
outstanding Common Stock.
The provisions in the Restated Articles regarding the 20% voting
restriction are designed to prevent a deemed assignment under the Advisers Act
or the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended ("Investment Company Act") of
investment contracts that Liberty's subsidiaries have with their clients. The
Advisers Act and the Investment Company Act define the term "assignment" to
include any "direct or indirect transfer" of "a controlling block of the voting
securities" of the issuer's outstanding voting securities. The Investment
Company Act presumes that any person holding 25% of the voting stock of Liberty
"controls" Liberty. The Restated Articles provide that a person or "group"
(which includes affiliates and associates of a person, as defined in the
Restated Articles) that owns (as defined in the Restated Articles) more than
20% of the voting shares of Liberty's issued and outstanding capital stock
("Voting Stock") shall have the right to vote not more than 20% of the
outstanding shares of Voting Stock entitled to vote. The remaining shares of
Voting Stock owned by such person or group ("Excludable Shares") shall have no
voting rights and shall not be counted for quorum or stockholder approval
purposes. These provisions do not apply to Liberty Mutual, affiliates of
Liberty Mutual, direct or indirect subsidiaries of Liberty and certain employee
plans established or to be established by Liberty or certain of its
subsidiaries. The Board of Directors of Liberty may approve the exemption of
other persons or groups from the provisions described above. The foregoing
limitation is intended to have the effect of decreasing the chance of any
assignment occurring for purposes of the Advisers Act and the Investment
Company Act, including in connection with future issuances on sales of Common
Stock. However, no assurances can be given that such an "assignment" will not
occur under these or other circumstances.
The 20% voting restriction may be viewed as having the effect of making
more difficult or of discouraging, absent the support of Liberty Mutual, a
proxy contest, a merger or other combination involving Liberty, a tender offer,
an open-market purchase program or other purchase of Common Stock that could
give Liberty stockholders an opportunity to realize a premium over the
then-prevailing market price for their shares. However, given Liberty Mutual's
ownership interest in the Company, this effect is not considered significant.
Other Provisions Pertaining to a Change in Control
The Restated Articles and Restated By-Laws of Liberty (the "Restated
By-Laws") also contain certain provisions that are intended to enhance the
likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of the Board of
Directors of Liberty and in the policies formulated by the Board. These
provisions may serve to delay, defer or present a change in control of Liberty
if the Board of Directors determines that such a change in control is not in
the Company's best interests. These provisions, which are summarized below,
could have the effect of discouraging certain attempts to acquire Liberty or
remove incumbent management even if some or a majority of Liberty's
stockholders deemed such an attempt to be in their best interest.
24
Although the Company has elected to be exempt from the statutory staggered
board provisions of Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 156B ("Chapter 156B"),
[sec]50A, the Restated Articles provide that, except for Liberty directors
elected by holders of shares of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock (as
defined below) having the right to elect directors, the Liberty directors shall
be elected on a staggered basis. This means that Liberty's Board of Directors
is divided into three classes whose members each serve for staggered three-year
terms, with one class being elected each year.
The Restated Articles and Restated By-Laws contain provisions concerning
the removal of directors and the filling of vacancies. Directors may be removed
only for cause (as defined in the Restated Articles) and only upon the
affirmative vote of the holders of at least 67% of the outstanding shares of
Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon, voting as a single class. The number of
directors may be increased to a maximum of 30 or decreased to a minimum of
three (but only to eliminate vacancies) by a majority of the directors. No
decrease in the number of directors may reduce the term of any incumbent
director. A majority of the remaining directors then in office are empowered to
fill any vacancy on the Board of Directors.
The Restated Articles and Restated By-Laws establish procedures with
regard to the nomination of candidates for election as directors who have not
been nominated by the Company's Board of Directors. In general, notice must be
received by the Company not less than 60 days and no more than 90 days prior to
the applicable stockholder meeting and must contain certain specified
information concerning the persons to be nominated and the stockholder
submitting the proposal. In addition, any such nomination of candidates for
election as a director must be accompanied by a petition signed by at least 100
record holders of capital stock entitled to vote in the election of the
Company's directors, representing in the aggregate at least 1% of the
outstanding Liberty capital stock entitled to vote thereon. The Restated
Articles and Restated By-Laws also establish procedures with regard to
stockholder proposals for bringing business for consideration at stockholder
meetings, which procedures apply to proposals that Liberty stockholders are
entitled to make under applicable law. In general, notice must be received by
the Company not less than 60 days and no more than 90 days prior to the
applicable stockholder meeting and must contain certain specified information
concerning the business desired to be brought before the meeting and the
stockholder submitting the proposal. The Restated By-Laws provide that a
special meeting of stockholders shall be called at the request of stockholders
only upon the application of the holders of shares of Voting Stock representing
at least 67% of the outstanding shares of Voting Stock entitled to vote
generally in the election of directors.
The Board of Directors is permitted pursuant to Massachusetts law and the
Restated Articles to consider special factors when evaluating proposed tender
or exchange offers or certain consolidations, mergers or other fundamental
transactions. These special factors may include, but are not limited to,
social, legal and economic effects upon employees, suppliers, customers and
others having similar relationships with Liberty, the communities in which the
Company conducts its business, and its future prospects.
The affirmative vote of stockholders representing a majority of the
combined voting power of the outstanding shares of Voting Stock, voting as a
single class, is required to amend certain provisions of the Restated Articles
and Restated by-Laws, including the provisions discussed herein concerning the
inability to vote certain shares of Voting Stock defined as Excludable Shares,
the staggered term of the Board of Directors, the removal of directors, the
filling of vacancies on the Board of Directors and increasing and decreasing
the size of the Board of Directors, the regulation of stockholder nominations
of candidates for election as directors and of stockholder proposals, and the
special factors which may be considered by the Board of Directors in evaluating
tender or exchange offers or certain mergers or fundamental transactions. In
addition, the Restated Articles require the affirmative vote of stockholders
representing a majority of the combined voting power of the outstanding shares
of Voting Stock for adoption, amendment or repeal of the Restated By-laws by
the stockholders.
Exculpation and Indemnification for Officers and Directors
As permitted by Chapter 156B, the Restated Articles contain a provision
which eliminates the personal liability of directors of the Company for
monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duty of care as a director.
Under current Massachusetts law and the Restated Articles, liability is not
eliminated for (i) any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Company
or its stockholders, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve
intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) unlawful payment of
dividends or stock purchases or redemptions pursuant to Section 61 and Section
62 of Chapter 156B, or (iv) any transaction from which the director derived an
improper personal benefit. The provision does not eliminate a stockholder's
right to seek non-monetary
25
remedies, such as an injunction or rescission, which are equitable, to redress
action taken by directors. However, equitable remedies may not be available in
all situations, and there may be instances in which no effective equitable
remedy is available.
The Restated Articles provide that the Company shall, to the maximum
extent permitted from time to time under Massachusetts law, indemnify any
person who is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any
threatened, pending or completed action, suit, proceeding or claim, by reason
of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or other
agent of the Company and any person who at the request of Liberty is or was
serving as a director, officer, employee or other agent of the Company and any
person who at the request of Liberty is or was serving as a director, officer,
employee or other agent of another organization, including service in any
capacity with respect to employee benefit plans, against expenses (including
attorneys' fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in
settlement incurred in connection with the investigating, preparation to defend
or defense of such action, suit, proceeding or claim. Such indemnification is
not exclusive of other indemnification rights arising under any by-law,
agreement, vote of directors or stockholders or otherwise.
Currently applicable Massachusetts law provides that officers and
directors may receive indemnification from their corporations for actual or
threatened lawsuits, except that indemnification may not be provided for any
person with respect to any matter to which such person has been adjudicated not
to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that such person's action
was in the best interest of the corporation or, to the extent that such matter
relates to service with respect to any employee benefit plan, in the best
interest of the participants or beneficiaries of such employee benefit plan.
Massachusetts law further provides that a corporation may purchase
indemnification insurance, such insurance providing indemnification for the
officers and directors whether or not the corporation would have the power to
indemnify them against such liability under the provisions of the Massachusetts
law. Liberty Financial currently maintains such insurance.
Certain Other Massachusetts Law Provisions
The Restated By-Laws include a provision that will exclude Liberty from
the applicability of Chapter 110D of the Massachusetts General Laws, entitled
"Regulation of Control Share Acquisitions." In general, Chapter 110D provides
that any stockholder of a corporation subject to this statute who acquires 20%
or more of the outstanding voting stock of a corporation may not vote such
stock unless the stockholders of the corporation so authorize. Either the Board
of Directors of Liberty Financial, by majority vote, or the stockholders by
vote of stockholders representing a majority of the combined voting power of
the outstanding shares of Voting Stock entitled to vote thereon, voting as a
single class, may amend the Restated By-laws at any time to make the Company
subject to this statute prospectively.
The Restated By-Laws also include a provision that excludes Liberty from
the applicability of Chapter 110F of the Massachusetts General Laws, entitled
"Business combinations with Interested Shareholders." Chapter 110F prohibits
Massachusetts corporations from engaging in a "business combination" with an
"interested stockholder" for a period of three years after the date of the
transaction in which the person becomes an interested stockholder, unless: (a)
the interested stockholder obtains the approval of the board of directors prior
to becoming an interested stockholder, or (b) the interested stockholder
acquires 90% of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation (excluding
shares held by certain affiliates of the corporation) at the time that he
becomes an interested stockholder, or (c) the business combination is approved
by both the board of directors and two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock
of the corporation (excluding shares held by the interested stockholder). Under
Chapter 110F an "interested stockholder" is a person who, together with
affiliates and associates, owns (or at any time within the prior three years
did own) 5% or more of a corporation's voting stock. A "business combination"
includes mergers, stock and asset sales and other transactions resulting in a
financial benefit to the stockholders. Under Chapter 110F, the stockholders of
the Company may, by amendment to the Restated Articles or Restated By-Laws,
provide that the provisions of Chapter 110F apply to the Company.
Massachusetts law explicitly permits directors to adopt stockholder rights
plans (so-called "poison pills"). At present, Liberty has no plans to adopt any
such plan, but may do so in the future.
26
General Provisions Regarding Common Stock and Preferred Stock
The authorized capital stock of Liberty consists of 100,000,000 shares of
Common Stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value per share
(the "Preferred Stock"), of which 324,759 shares have been designated as Series
A Convertible Preferred Stock. The Restated Articles and Restated By-Laws do
not grant the holders of Common Stock any preemptive, subscription, redemption
or conversion rights or the right to accumulate votes for the election of
directors. Subject to prior dividend rights and preferences of holders of
shares of Preferred Stock, if any, holders of Common Stock are entitled to
receive such dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors of Liberty
from funds legally available therefor. Holders of Common Stock are entitled to
receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by the Board of
Directors of the Company out of funds, legally available therefor, subject to
any preferential dividend rights of then outstanding Preferred Stock. Upon the
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of Common
Stock are entitled to receive ratably the net assets of the Company available
after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior
rights of any outstanding Preferred Stock. The rights, preferences and
privileges of holders of Common Stock are subject to and may be adversely
affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of Preferred
Stock which Liberty may designate and issue in the future.
Under the Restated Articles, the Board of Directors of the Company has the
authority, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, without further action
by or notice to the stockholders, to issue from time to time shares of
Preferred Stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences,
privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion
rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption (including sinking fund
provisions), liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any
series or designation of such series. The ability of the Board of Directors to
issue additional Preferred Stock, while providing flexibility in connection
with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could have the effect
of making it more difficult for a third party to remove current Liberty
management, even if such removal may be in the stockholders' best interest, and
may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of
Liberty, or of discouraging a third party from acquiring a majority of its
outstanding voting stock. Other than the Preferred Stock described below issued
in connection with the Company's acquisition of Colonial, there are no
outstanding shares of Preferred Stock and the Company has no present plans to
issue any of the Preferred Stock. Shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock may
be issued in connection with acquisitions by the Company.
The Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Boston
Stock Exchange.
Summary of Terms of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
In connection with the Company's acquisition of The Colonial Group, Inc.
("Colonial"), the Company issued an aggregate of 328,209 shares of Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), of which 324,759
remained outstanding as of September 9, 1998. The Series A Preferred Stock has
the following preferences, voting powers, qualifications, and special or
relative rights and privileges (the following summary is qualified in its
entirety by reference to the Certificate of Designation filed by the Company
with the Massachusetts Secretary of State and included as an Exhibit to the
Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part (the "Certificate")).
Dividends. The face amount of each share of Series A Preferred Stock is
$50.00. The holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to
receive cumulative cash dividends at the rate of $2.875 per annum per share,
payable in equal quarterly installments. Such dividends shall be cumulative
from the date of original issue to and including the date provision for the
payment of liquidation value, or redemption price, as the case may be, plus all
then accrued and unpaid dividends, has been made whether or not such dividends
are declared and whether or note there are profits, surplus or other funds of
Liberty legally available for the payment of dividends. No dividends may be
paid on the Common Stock and no Common Stock may be redeemed, repurchased, or
otherwise acquired by the Company or any of its subsidiaries unless full
cumulative dividends on the shares of Series A Preferred Stock have been paid
or declared in full and sums set aside for the payment thereof.
Redemption. The shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are redeemable at
the option of Liberty and at the price set forth in the Certificate by
resolution of the Board of Directors, in whole or from time to time in part, at
any time on or after March 24, 1998; provided, however, that prior to March 24,
2000 a condition to any such redemption shall be that the Trading Price (as
defined in the Certificate) of the Common Stock shall have exceeded $39.47
(adjusted from time to time for any stock split, stock dividend, combination of
shares, recapitalization or
27
similar event pertaining to the Common Stock) for 20 Trading Days out of the 30
consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding the date notice of such
Redemption is mailed by the Liberty.
Pursuant to a Stockholder Agreement entered into in connection with the
Colonial transaction, at any time during the first sixty days after March 24,
2000, the holder of any shares of Series A Preferred Stock subject to the
Stockholders Agreement may elect to sell to Liberty Mutual, and Liberty Mutual
shall be obligated to purchase, all, but not less than all, of the Series A
Preferred Stock then owned by such stockholder at a price of $50 per share plus
accrued but unpaid dividends on such shares through the date of purchase.
Liberty Mutual may designate Liberty (without any further action or approval by
Liberty), or any other person, as the purchaser of such shares, in which event
such person shall be required to pay the full purchase price.
Voting Rights. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to such
number of votes as equals the number of shares of Common Stock into which such
share is then convertible. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate, or
by the Restated Articles, as amended from time to time, or by law, the shares
of Series A Preferred Stock, the shares of Common Stock and any other shares of
Preferred Stock at the time entitled to vote generally shall vote together as
one class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders.
Liquidation Rights. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or
winding up of the affairs of the Company, whether voluntary or otherwise, after
payment or provision for payment of its debts and other liabilities, the
holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive,
in cash, out of the remaining net assets of Liberty, the amount of Fifty
Dollars ($50.00) for each share of the Series A Preferred Stock held, plus an
amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid on each such share up to and
including the date fixed for distribution, before any distribution shall be
made to the holders of shares of the Common Stock or before the Company shall
redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire any shares of Common Stock. After the
payment of the full preferential amounts to the holders of shares of the Series
A Preferred Stock or funds necessary for such payment have been set aside in
trust for the holders thereof, such holders shall be entitled to no other or
further participation in the distribution of the assets of Liberty.
Conversion. Holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock have the
right, exercisable at any time and from time to time to convert all or any such
shares of the Series A Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock at a rate of
1.58385 shares of Common Stock for each share of the Series A Preferred Stock
so converted, subject to anti-dilution adjustment from time to time as
described in detail in Section 6 of the Certificate.
Limitations. The Certificate provides that, in addition to any other
rights provided by applicable law, so long as any shares of the Series A
Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative
vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the
Series A Preferred Stock, voting separately, create authorize or issue any
class or series of capital stock ranking either as to payment of dividends or
distribution of assets upon liquidation prior to or on a parity with the Series
A Preferred Stock; provided, however, that no such vote of the holders of the
Series A Preferred Stock shall be required if, at or prior to the time when the
issuance of any such shares ranking prior to the Series A Preferred Stock is to
be made or any such change is to take effect, as the case may be, provision is
made for the redemption of all of the then outstanding shares of the Series A
Preferred Stock in accordance with the provisions of the Certificate.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and the registrar for the Common Stock is Boston
EquiServe.
28
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES
The description set forth below and in any Prospectus Supplement of
certain provisions of the Deposit Agreement (as defined below) and of the
Depositary Shares and Depositary Receipts summarizes the material terms of the
Deposit Agreement and of the Depositary Shares and Depositary Receipts, and is
qualified in its entirety by reference to, the form of Deposit Agreement and
form of Depositary Receipts relating to each series of the Preferred Stock.
General
The Company may, at its option, elect to have shares of Preferred Stock be
represented by Depositary Shares. The shares of any series of the Preferred
Stock underlying the Depositary Shares will be deposited under a separate
deposit agreement (the "Deposit Agreement") between the Company and a bank or
trust company selected by the Company (the "Preferred Stock Depositary"). The
Prospectus Supplement relating to a series of Depositary Shares will set forth
the name and address of the Preferred Stock Depositary. Subject to the terms of
the Deposit Agreement, each owner of a Depositary Share will be entitled,
proportionately, to all the rights, preferences and privileges of the Preferred
Stock represented thereby (including dividend, voting, redemption, conversion,
exchange and liquidation rights).
The Depositary Shares will be evidenced by Depositary Receipts issued
pursuant to the Deposit Agreement, each of which will represent the applicable
interest in a number of shares of a particular series of the Preferred Stock
described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
A holder of Depositary Shares will be entitled to receive the shares of
Preferred Stock (but only in whole shares of Preferred Stock) underlying such
Depositary Shares. If the Depositary Receipts delivered by the holder evidence
a number of Depositary Shares in excess of the whole number of shares of
Preferred Stock to be withdrawn, the Depositary will deliver to such holder at
the same time a new Depositary Receipt evidencing such excess number of
Depositary Shares.
Dividends and Other Distributions
The Preferred Stock Depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other
cash distributions in respect to the Preferred Stock to the record holders of
Depositary Receipts in proportion, insofar as possible, to the number of
Depositary Shares owned by such holders.
In the event of a distribution other than in cash in respect to the
Preferred Stock, the Preferred Stock Depositary will distribute property
received by it to the record holders of Depositary Receipts in proportion,
insofar as possible, to the number of Depositary Shares owned by such holders,
unless the Preferred Stock Depositary determines that it is not feasible to
make such distribution, in which case the Preferred Stock Depositary may, with
the approval of the Company, adopt such method as it deems equitable and
practicable for the purpose of effecting such distribution, including sale (at
public or private sale) of such property and distribution of the net proceeds
from such sale to such holders.
The amount so distributed in any of the foregoing cases will be reduced by
any amount required to be withheld by the Company or the Preferred Stock
Depositary on account of taxes.
Conversion and Exchange
If any Preferred Stock underlying the Depositary Shares is subject to
provisions relating to its conversion or exchange as set forth in the
Prospectus Supplement relating thereto, each record holder of Depositary Shares
will have the right or obligation to convert or exchange such Depositary Shares
pursuant to the terms thereof.
Redemption of Depositary Shares
If Preferred Stock underlying the Depositary Shares is subject to
redemption, the Depositary Shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received
by the Preferred Stock Depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or in
part, of the Preferred Stock held by the Preferred Stock Depositary. The
redemption price per Depositary Share will be equal to the aggregate redemption
price payable with respect to the number of shares of Preferred Stock
underlying the Depositary Shares. Whenever the Company redeems Preferred Stock
from the Preferred Stock Depositary, the Preferred Stock Depositary will redeem
as of the same redemption date a proportionate number of Depositary Shares
representing the shares of Preferred Stock that were redeemed. If less than all
of the Depositary
29
Shares are to be redeemed, the Depositary Shares to be redeemed will be
selected by lot or pro rata as may be determined by the Company.
After the date fixed for redemption, the Depositary Shares so called for
redemption will no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the
holders of the Depositary Shares will cease, except the right to receive the
redemption price upon such redemption. Any funds deposited by the Company with
the Preferred Stock Depositary for any Depositary Shares which the holders
thereof fail to redeem shall be returned to the Company after a period of two
years from the date such funds are so deposited.
Voting
Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of any shares
of Preferred Stock underlying the Depositary Shares are entitled to vote, the
Preferred Stock Depositary will mail the information contained in such notice
to the record holders of the Depositary Receipts. Each record holder of such
Depositary Receipts on the record date (which will be the same date as of the
record date for the Preferred Stock) will be entitled to instruct the Preferred
Stock Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the
number of shares of Preferred Stock underlying such holder's Depositary Shares.
The Preferred Stock Depositary will endeavor, insofar as practicable, to vote
the number of shares of Preferred Stock underlying such Depositary Shares in
accordance with such instructions, and the Company will agree to take all
reasonable action which may be deemed necessary by the Preferred Stock
Depositary in order to enable the Preferred Stock Depositary to do so. The
Preferred Stock Depositary will abstain from voting the Preferred Stock to the
extent it does not receive specific written instructions from holders of
Depositary Receipts representing such Preferred Stock.
Record Date
Whenever (i) any cash dividend or other cash distribution shall become
payable, any distribution other than cash shall be made, or any rights,
preferences or privileges shall be offered with respect to the Preferred Stock,
or (ii) the Preferred Stock Depositary shall receive notice of any meeting at
which holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to vote or of which holders of
Preferred Stock are entitled to notice, or of the mandatory conversion of or
any election on the part of the Company to call for the redemption of any
Preferred Stock, the Preferred Stock Depositary shall in each such instance fix
a record date (which shall be the same as the record date for the Preferred
Stock) for the determination of the holders of Depositary Receipts (x) who
shall be entitled to receive such dividend, distribution, rights, preferences
or privileges or the net proceeds of the sale thereof or (y) who shall be
entitled to give instructions for the exercise of voting rights at any such
meeting or to receive notice of such meeting or of such redemption or
conversion, subject to the provisions of the Deposit Agreement.
Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement
The form of Depositary Receipt and any provision of the Depositary
Agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between the Company and the
Preferred Stock Depositary. However, any amendment which imposes or increases
any fees, taxes or other charges payable by the holders of Depositary Receipts
(other than taxes and other governmental charges, fees and other expenses
payable by such holders as stated under "Charges of Preferred Stock
Depositary"), or which otherwise prejudices any substantial existing right of
holders of Depositary Receipts, will not take effect as to outstanding
Depositary Receipts until the expiration of 90 days after notice of such
amendment has been mailed to the record holders of outstanding Depositary
Receipts.
Whenever so directed by the Company, the Preferred Stock Depositary will
terminate the Deposit Agreement by mailing notice of such termination to the
record holders of all Depositary Receipts then outstanding at least 30 days
prior to the date fixed in such notice for such termination. The Preferred
Stock Depositary may likewise terminate the Deposit Agreement if at any time 45
days shall have expired after the Preferred Stock Depositary shall have
delivered to the Company a written notice of its election to resign and a
successor depositary shall not have been appointed and accepted its
appointment. If any Depositary Receipts remain outstanding after the date of
termination, the Preferred Stock Depositary thereafter will discontinue the
transfer of Depositary Receipts, will suspend the distribution of dividends to
the holders thereof, and will not give any further notices (other than notice
of such termination) or perform any further acts under the Deposit Agreement
except as provided below and except that the Preferred Stock Depositary will
continue (i) to collect dividends on the Preferred Stock and any other
distributions with respect thereto and (ii) to deliver the Preferred Stock
together with such dividends and distributions and the net proceeds of any
sales of rights, preferences, privileges or other property, without liability
30
for interest thereon, in exchange for Depositary Receipts surrendered. At any
time after the expiration of two years from the date of termination, the
Preferred Stock Depositary may sell the Preferred Stock then held by it at
public or private sales, at such place or places and upon such terms as it
deems proper and may thereafter hold the net proceeds of any such sale,
together with any money and other property then held by it, without liability
for interest thereon, for the pro rata benefit of the holders of Depositary
Receipts which have not been surrendered.
Charges of Preferred Stock Depositary
The Company will pay all charges of the Preferred Stock Depositary
including charges in connection with the initial deposit of the Preferred
Stock, the initial issuance of the Depositary Receipts, the distribution of
information to the holders of Depositary Receipts with respect to matters on
which Preferred Stock is entitled to vote, withdrawals of the Preferred Stock
by the holders of Depositary Receipts or redemption or conversion of the
Preferred Stock, except for taxes (including transfer taxes, if any) and other
governmental charges and such other charges as are expressly provided in the
Deposit Agreement to be at the expense of holders of Depositary Receipts or
persons depositing Preferred Stock.
Miscellaneous
The Preferred Stock Depositary will make available for inspection by
holders of Depositary Receipts at its corporate office and its New York office,
all reports and communications from the Company which are delivered to the
Preferred Stock Depositary as the holder of Preferred Stock.
Neither the Preferred Stock Depositary nor the Company will be liable if
it is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstance beyond its control in
performing its obligations under the Deposit Agreement. The obligations of the
Preferred Stock Depositary under the Deposit Agreement are limited to
performing its duties thereunder without negligence or bad faith. The
obligations of the Company under the Deposit Agreement are limited to
performing its duties thereunder in good faith. Neither the Company nor the
Preferred Stock Depositary is obligated to prosecute or defend any legal
proceeding in respect of any Depositary Shares or Preferred Stock unless
satisfactory indemnity is furnished. The Company and the Preferred Stock
Depositary are entitled to rely upon advice of or information from counsel,
accountants or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed
to be genuine.
The Preferred Stock Depositary may resign at any time or be removed by the
Company, effective upon the acceptance by its successor of its appointment;
provided, that if a successor Preferred Stock Depositary has not been appointed
or accepted such appointment within 45 days after the Preferred Stock
Depositary has delivered a notice of election to resign to the Company, the
Preferred Stock Depositary may terminate the Deposit Agreement. See "Amendment
and Termination of the Deposit Agreement" above.
31
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
General
The Company may issue warrants (the "Warrants") to purchase Debt
Securities, Preferred Stock (or Depositary Shares representing Preferred Stock)
or Common Stock (collectively, the "Underlying Warrant Securities"), and such
Warrants may be issued independently or together with any such Underlying
Warrant Securities and may be attached to or separate from such Underlying
Warrant Securities. Each series of Warrants will be issued under a separate
warrant agreement (each a "Warrant Agreement") to be entered into between the
Company and a warrant agent ("Warrant Agent"). The Warrant Agent will act
solely as an agent of the Company in connection with the warrants of such
series and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency for or with
holders or beneficial owners of Warrants. The following sets forth certain
general terms and provisions of the Warrants offered hereby. Further terms of
the Warrants and the applicable Warrant Agreement are set forth in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of any
Warrants in respect of which this Prospectus is being delivered, including the
following: (i) the title of such Warrants; (ii) the aggregate number of such
Warrants; (iii) the price or prices at which such Warrants will be issued; (iv)
the currency or currencies, including composite currencies, in which the price
of such Warrants may be payable; (v) the designation and terms of the
Underlying Warrant Securities purchasable upon exercise of such Warrants may be
purchased; (vii) the date on which the right to exercise such Warrants shall
commence and the date on which such right shall expire; (viii) whether such
warrants will be issued in registered form or bearer form; (ix) if applicable,
the minimum or maximum amount of such Warrants which may be exercised at any
one time; (x) if applicable, the designation and terms of the Underlying
Warrant Securities with which such Warrants are issued and the number of such
Warrants issue with each such Underlying Warrant Security; (xi) if applicable,
the date on and after which such Warrants and the related Underlying Warrant
Securities will be separately transferable; (xii) information with respect to
book-entry procedures, if any; (xiii) if applicable, a discussion of certain
United States federal income tax considerations; and (xiv) any other terms of
such Warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the
exchange and exercise of such Warrants.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED SECURITIES OF LIBERTY FINANCIAL TRUSTS
Pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement for each Liberty Financial
Trust, each Liberty Financial Trust will issue the Preferred Securities and the
Common Securities. The Preferred Securities of a particular issue will
represent preferred beneficial interests in the Liberty Financial Trust and the
holders thereof will be entitled to a preference in certain circumstances with
respect to Distributions and amounts payable on redemption or liquidation over
the Common Securities of such Liberty Financial Trust, as well as other
benefits as described in the corresponding Trust Agreement. This summary of
certain provisions of the Preferred Securities and each trust Agreement does
not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety
by reference to, all the provisions of each Trust Agreement, including the
definitions therein of certain terms, and the Trust Indenture Act. Wherever
particular defined terms of a Trust Agreement (as amended or supplemented from
time to time) are referred to herein or in a Prospectus Supplement, such
defined terms are incorporated herein or therein by reference. The form of the
Trust Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of
which this Prospectus forms a part. Each of the Liberty Financial Trusts is a
legally separate entity and the assets of one are not available to satisfy the
obligations of any of the others.
General
The Preferred Securities of a Liberty Financial Trust will rank pari
passu, and payments will be made thereon pro rata, with the Common Securities
of that Liberty Financial Trust except as described under "--Subordination of
Common Securities." Legal title to the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities will be held by the Property Trustee in trust for the benefit of the
holders of the related Preferred Securities and Common Securities. Each
Guarantee Agreement executed by the Company for the benefit of the holders of a
Liberty Financial Trust's Preferred Securities (the "Guarantee" for such
Preferred Securities) will be a guarantee on a subordinated basis with respect
to the related Preferred Securities but will not guarantee payment of
Distributions or amounts payable on redemption or liquidation of such Preferred
Securities when the related Liberty Financial Trust does not have funds on hand
available to make such payments. See "Description of Guarantees."
32
Distributions
Distributions on the Preferred Securities will be cumulative, will
accumulate from the date of original issuance and will be payable on such dates
as specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. In the event that any
date on which Distributions are payable on the Preferred Securities is not a
Business Day (as defined below), payment of the Distribution payable on such
date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and
without any interest or other payment in respect to any such delay) except
that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, payment of
such Distribution shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in
each case with the same force and effect as if made on such date (each date on
which Distributions are payable in accordance with the foregoing, a
"Distribution Date"). A "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday
or a Sunday, or a day on which banking institutions in the City of New York are
authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed or a day on
which the corporate trust office of the Property Trustee or the Junior
Subordinated Indenture Trustee (as defined herein) is closed for business.
Each Liberty Financial Trust's Preferred Securities represent preferred
beneficial interests in the applicable Liberty Financial Trust, and the
Distributions on each Preferred Security will be payable at a rate specified in
the Prospectus Supplement for such Preferred Securities. The amount of
Distributions payable for any period will be computed on the basis of a 360-day
year of twelve 30-day months unless otherwise specified in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement. Distributions to which holders of Preferred Securities
are entitled will accumulate additional Distributions at the rate per annum if
and as specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The term
"Distributions" as used herein includes any such additional Distributions
unless otherwise stated.
If provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Company has the
right under the Junior Subordinated Indenture, pursuant to which it will issue
the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, to defer the payment of
interest at any time or from time to time on any series of the Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities for a period which will be specified in
such Prospectus Supplement relating to such series (each, an "Extension
Period"), provided that no Extension Period may extend beyond the Stated
Maturity of the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. As a
consequence of any such extension, Distributions on the corresponding Preferred
Securities would be deferred (but would continue to accumulate additional
Distributions thereon at the rate per annum set forth in the Prospectus
Supplement for such Preferred Securities) by the Liberty Financial Trust which
issues such Preferred Securities during any such Extension Period. During such
Extension period the Company may not, and may not permit any subsidiary of the
Company to, (i) declare or pay an dividends or distributions on, or redeem,
purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of the
Company's capital stock or (ii) make any payment or principal, interest or
premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt securities of the
Company that rank pari passu with or junior in interest to the Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities or make any guarantee payments with respect
to any guarantee by the Company of debt securities of any subsidiary of the
Company if such guarantee ranks pari passu or junior in interest to the
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities (other than (a) dividends or
distributions in common stock or the Company, (b) payments under any Guarantee
and (c) purchases of common stock related to the issuance of common stock under
any of the Company's benefit plans for its directors, officers or employees).
The revenue of each Liberty Financial Trust available for distribution to
holders of its Preferred Securities will be limited to payments under the
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities in which the Liberty
Financial Trust will invest the proceeds from the issuance and sale of its
Trust Securities. See "Description of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities--
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities." If the Company does not
make interest payments on such Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, the Property Trustee will not have funds available to pay
Distributions on the Related Preferred Securities. The payment of Distributions
(if and to the extent the Liberty Financial Trust has funds legally available
for the payment of such Distributions and cash sufficient to make such
payments) is guaranteed by the company on a limited basis as set forth herein
under "Description of Guarantees."
Distributions on the Preferred Securities will be payable to the holders
thereof as they appear on the register of such Liberty Financial Trust on the
relevant record dates, which, as long as the Preferred Securities remain in
book-entry form, will be one Business Day prior to the relevant distribution
Date. Subject to any applicable laws and regulations and the provisions of the
applicable Trust Agreement, each such payment will be made as described under
"Book-Entry Issuance." In the event any Preferred Securities are not in
book-entry form, the relevant record
33
date for such Preferred Securities shall be the date at least 15 days prior to
the relevant Distribution Date, as specified in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement.
Redemption Or Exchange
Mandatory Redemption. Upon the repayment or redemption, in whole or in
part, of any Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, whether at
maturity or upon earlier redemption as provided in the Junior Subordinated
Indenture, the proceeds from such repayment or redemption shall be applied by
the Property Trustee to redeem a Like Amount (as defined below) of the Trust
Securities, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days notice, at a redemption
price (the "Redemption Price") equal to the aggregate Liquidation Amount of
such Trust Securities plus accumulated but unpaid Distributions thereon to the
date of redemption (the "Redemption Date") and the related amount of the
premium, if any, paid by the Company upon the concurrent redemption of such
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. See "Description of Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities--Redemption." If less than all of any series of
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities are to be repaid or redeemed
on a Redemption Date, then the proceeds from such repayment or redemption shall
be allocated to the redemption pro rata of the related Preferred Securities and
the Common Securities. The amount of premium, if any, paid by the Company upon
the redemption of all or any part of any series of any Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities to be repaid or redeemed on a Redemption Date
shall be allocated to the redemption pro rata of the related Preferred
Securities and the Common Securities.
The Company will have the right to redeem any series of Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities (i) in whole at any time or in part form
time to time, subject to the conditions described under "Description of Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities--Redemption," (ii) at any time, in whole (but not
in part), upon the occurrence of a Tax Event or an Investment Company Event
(each as defined below, a "Special Event") and subject to the further
conditions described under "Description of Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities--Redemption," or (iii) as may be otherwise specified in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Special Event Redemption or Distribution of Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities. If a Special Event in respect of a series of
Preferred Securities and Common Securities shall occur and be continuing, the
Company has the right to redeem the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities in whole (but not in part) and thereby cause a mandatory redemption
of such Preferred Securities and Common Securities in whole (but not in part)
at the Redemption Price within 90 days following the occurrence of such Special
Event. At any time, the Company has the right to terminate the related Liberty
Financial Trust and, after satisfaction of the liabilities of creditors of such
Liberty Financial Trust as provided by applicable law, cause such Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities to be distributed to the holders of such
Preferred Securities and Common Securities in liquidation of the Liberty
Financial Trust. If the Company does not elect either option described above,
the applicable series of Preferred Securities will remain outstanding and, in
the event a Tax Event has occurred and is continuing, Additional Sums (as
defined below) may be payable on the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities.
Extension of Maturity of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities. If provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Company
shall have the right to extend or shorten the maturity of any series of
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities at the time that the Company
exercises its right to elect to terminate the related Liberty Financial Trust
and cause such Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities to be
distributed to the holders of such Preferred Securities and Common Securities
in liquidation of the Liberty Financial Trust, provided that it can extend the
maturity only if certain conditions specified in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement are met at the time such election is made and at the time of such
extension.
"Additional Sums" means the additional amounts as may be necessary in
order that the amount of Distributions then due and payable by a Liberty
Financial Trust on the outstanding Preferred Securities and Common Securities
of the Liberty Financial Trust shall not be reduced as a result of any
additional taxes, duties and other governmental charges to which such Liberty
Financial Trust has become subject as a result of a Tax Event.
"Investment Company Event" means the receipt by the applicable Liberty
Financial Trust of an opinion of counsel experienced in such matters to the
effect that, as a result of the occurrence of a change in law or regulation or
a change in interpretation or application of law or regulation by any
legislative body, court, governmental agency or regulatory authority (a "Change
in 1940 Act Law"), the applicable Liberty Financial Trust is or will be
considered an "investment company" that is required to be registered under the
Investment Company Act, which Change in
34
1940 Act Law becomes effective on or after the date of original issuance of the
series of Preferred Securities issued by the Liberty Financial Trust.
"Like Amount" means (i) with respect to a redemption of any series of
Trust Securities, Trust Securities of such series having a Liquidation Amount
(as defined below) equal to that portion of the principal amount of
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities to be contemporaneously
redeemed in accordance with the Junior Subordinated Indenture, allocated to the
Common Securities and to the Preferred Securities based upon the relative
Liquidation Amounts of such classes and the proceeds of which will be used to
pay the Redemption Price of such Trust Securities, and (ii) with respect to a
distribution of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities to holders of
any series of Trust Securities in connection with a dissolution or liquidation
of the related Liberty Financial Trust, Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities having a principal amount equal to the Liquidation Amount of the
Trust Securities of the holder to whom such Corresponding Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities are distributed. "Liquidation Amount" means the stated amount
of $25 per Trust Security.
"Tax Event" means the receipt by the applicable Liberty Financial Trust of
an opinion of counsel experienced in such matters to the effect that, as a
result of any amendment to, or change (including any announced prospective
change) in, the laws (or any regulations thereunder) of the United States or
any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, or as a
result of any official administrative pronouncement or judicial decision
interpreting or applying such laws or regulations, which amendment or change is
effective or which pronouncement or decision is announced on or after the date
of issuance of the Preferred Securities under the Trust Agreement, there is
more than an insubstantial risk that (i) the Liberty Financial Trust is, or
will be within 90 days of the date of such opinion, subject to the United
States federal income tax with respect to income received or accrued on the
corresponding series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, (ii)
interest payable by the Company on such series of Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities is not, or within 90 days of the date of such
opinion, will not be, deductible by the Company, in whole or in part, for
United States federal income tax purposes, or (iii) the applicable Liberty
Financial Trust is, or will be within 90 days of the date of such opinion,
subject to more than a de minimis amount of other taxes, duties or other
governmental charges.
After the liquidation date fixed for any distribution of Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities for any series of Preferred Securities (i)
such series of Preferred Securities will no longer be deemed to be outstanding,
(ii) The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") or its nominee, as the record holder
of such series of Preferred Securities, will receive a registered global
certificate or certificates representing the Corresponding Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities to be delivered upon such distribution and (iii) any
certificates representing such series of Preferred Securities not held by DTC
or its nominee will be deemed to represent the Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities having a principal amount equal to the stated
liquidation preference of such series of Preferred Securities, and bearing
accrued and unpaid interest in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid
Distributions on such series of Preferred Securities until such certificates
are presented to the Administrative Trustees or their agent for transfer or
reissuance.
There can be no assurance as to the market prices for the Preferred
Securities or the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities that may be
distributed in exchange for Preferred Securities if a dissolution and
liquidation of a Liberty Financial Trust were to occur. Accordingly, the
Preferred Securities that an investor may purchase, or the Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities that the investor may receive on dissolution and
liquidation of a Liberty Financial Trust, may trade at a discount to the price
that the investor paid to purchase the Preferred Securities offered hereby.
Redemption Procedures
Preferred Securities redeemed on each Redemption Date shall be redeemed at
the Redemption Price with the applicable proceeds from the contemporaneous
redemption of the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities.
Redemptions of the Preferred Securities shall be made and the Redemption Price
shall be payable on each Redemption Date only to the extent that the related
Liberty Financial Trust has funds on hand available for the payment of such
Redemption Price. See also "--Subordination of Common Securities."
If Liberty Financial Trust gives a notice of redemption in respect of its
Preferred Securities, then, by 12:00 noon, New York City time, on the
Redemption Date, to the extent funds are available, the Property Trustee will
deposit irrevocably with DTC funds sufficient to pay the applicable Redemption
Price and will give DTC irrevocable instructions and authority to pay the
Redemption Price to the holders of such Preferred Securities. See "Book-Entry
35
Issuance." If such Preferred Securities are no longer in book-entry form, the
Property Trustee, to the extent funds are available, will irrevocably deposit
with the paying agent for such Preferred Securities funds sufficient to pay the
applicable Redemption Price and will give such paying agent irrevocable
instructions and authority to pay the Redemption Price to the holders thereof
upon surrender of their certificates evidencing such Preferred Securities.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, distributions payable on or prior to the
Redemption Date for any Preferred Securities called for redemption shall be
payable to the holders of such Preferred Securities on the relevant record
dates for the related Distribution Dates. If notice of redemption shall have
been given and funds deposited as required, then upon the date of such deposit,
all rights of the holders of such Preferred Securities so called for redemption
will cease, except the right of the holders of such Preferred Securities to
receive the Redemption Price, but without interest on such Redemption Price,
and such Preferred Securities will cease to be outstanding. In the event that
any date fixed for redemption of Preferred Securities is not a Business Day,
then payment of the Redemption Price payable on such date will be made on the
next succeeding day which is a Business Day (and without any interest or other
payment in respect of any such delay), except that, if such Business Day falls
in the next calendar year, such payment will be made on the immediately
preceding Business Day. In the event that payment of the Redemption Price in
respect of Preferred Securities called for redemption is improperly withheld or
refused and not paid either by the Liberty Financial Trust or by the Company
pursuant to the Guarantee as described under "Description of Guarantees,"
Distributions on such Preferred Securities will continue to accrue at the then
applicable rate, from the Redemption Date originally established by the Liberty
Financial Trust for such Preferred Securities to the date such Redemption Price
is actually paid, in which case the actual payment date will be the date fixed
for redemption for purposes of calculating the Redemption Price.
Subject to applicable law (including, without limitation, United States
federal securities law), the Company or its subsidiaries may at any time and
from time to time purchase outstanding Preferred Securities by tender, in the
open market or by private agreement.
Payment of the Redemption Price on the Preferred Securities and any
distribution of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities to holders of
Preferred Securities shall be made to the applicable recordholders thereof as
they appear on the register for such Preferred Securities on the relevant
record date, which shall be one Business Day prior to the relevant Redemption
Date or liquidation date, as applicable; provided, however, that in the event
that any Preferred Securities are not in book-entry form, the relevant record
date for such Preferred Securities shall be a date at least 15 days prior to
the Redemption Date or liquidation date, as applicable, as specified in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement.
If less than all of the Preferred Securities and Common Securities issued
by an issuer are to be redeemed on a Redemption Date, then the aggregate
Liquidation Amount of such Preferred Securities and Common Securities to be
redeemed shall be allocated pro rata to the Preferred Securities and the Common
Securities based upon the relative Liquidation Amounts of such classes. The
particular Preferred Securities to be redeemed shall be selected on a pro rata
basis not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Property
Trustee from the outstanding Preferred Securities not previously called for
redemption, by such method as the Property Trustee shall deem fair and
appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions
(equal to $25 or an integral multiple of $25 in excess thereof) of the
Liquidation Amount of Preferred Securities of a denomination larger than $25.
The Property Trustee shall promptly notify the trust registrar in writing of
the Preferred Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any
Preferred Securities selected for partial redemption, the Liquidation Amount
thereof to be redeemed. For all purposes of each Trust Agreement, unless the
context otherwise requires, all provision relating to the redemption of
Preferred Securities shall relate, in the case of any Preferred Securities
redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the aggregate
Liquidation Amount of Preferred Securities which has been or is to be redeemed.
Notice of any redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than
60 days before the Redemption Date to each Holder of Trust Securities to be
redeemed at its registered address. Unless the Company defaults in payment of
the Redemption Price on the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities,
on and after the Redemption Date interest ceases to accrue on such Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities or portions thereof (and distributions cease to
accrue on the Related Preferred Securities or portions thereof) called for
redemption.
36
Subordination of Common Securities
Payment of Distributions on, and the Redemption Price of, each Liberty
Financial Trust's Preferred Securities and Common Securities, as applicable,
shall be made pro rata based on the Liquidation Amount of such Preferred
Securities and Common Securities; provided, however, that if on any
Distribution Date or Redemption Date a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event
of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, no payment of any
Distribution on, or Redemption Price of any of the Liberty Financial Trust's
Common Securities, and no other payment on account of the redemption,
liquidation or other acquisition of such Common Securities, shall be made
unless payment in full in cash of all accumulated and unpaid Distributions on
all of the Liberty Financial Trust's outstanding Preferred Securities for all
Distribution periods terminating on or prior thereto, or in the case of payment
of the Redemption Price the full amount of such Redemption Price on all of the
Liberty Financial Trust's outstanding Preferred Securities then called for
redemption, shall have been made or provided for, and all funds available to
the Property Trustee shall first be applied to the payment in full in cash of
all Distributions on, or Redemption Price of, the Liberty Financial Trust's
Preferred Securities then due and payable.
In the case of any Event of Default resulting from a Junior Subordinated
Debt Security Event of Default, the Company as holder of such Liberty Financial
Trust's Common Securities will be deemed to have waived any right to act with
respect to any such Event of Default under the applicable Trust Agreement until
the effect of all such Events of Default with respect to such Preferred
Securities have been cured, waived or otherwise eliminated. Until any such
Events of Default under the applicable Trust Agreement with respect to the
Preferred Securities have been so cured, waived or otherwise eliminated, the
Property Trustee shall act solely on behalf of the holders of such Preferred
Securities and not on behalf of the Company as holder of the Liberty Financial
Trust's Common Securities, and only the holders of such Preferred Securities
will have the right to direct the Property Trustee to act on their behalf.
Liquidation Distribution Upon Dissolution
Pursuant to each Trust Agreement, each Liberty Financial Trust shall
automatically dissolve upon expiration of its term and shall dissolve on the
first to occur of: (i) certain events of bankruptcy, dissolution or liquidation
of the Company; (ii) the distribution of a Like Amount of the Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities to the holders of its Trust Securities, if
the Company, as Depositor, has given written direction to the Property Trustee
to terminate such Liberty Financial Trust (which direction is optional and
wholly within the discretion of the Company, as Depositor); (iii) the
redemption of all of the Liberty Financial Trust's Trust Securities following a
Special Event; (iv) redemption of all of the Preferred Securities as described
under "Description of Preferred Securities--Redemption or Exchange--Mandatory
Redemption," and (v) the entry of an order for the dissolution of the Liberty
Financial Trust by a court of competent jurisdiction.
If an early dissolution occurs as described in clause (i), (ii) or (v)
above, the Liberty Financial Trust shall be liquidated by the Property Trustee
as expeditiously as the Property Trustee determines to be possible by
distributing, after satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of such Liberty
Financial Trust as provided by applicable law, to the holders of such Trust
Securities a Like Amount of the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, unless such distribution is determined by the Property Trustee not
to be practical, in which event such holders will be entitled to receive out of
the assets of the Liberty Financial Trust available for distribution to
holders, after satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of such Liberty
Financial Trust as provided by applicable law, an amount equal to, in the case
of holders of Preferred Securities, the aggregate of the Liquidation Amount
plus accrued and unpaid Distributions thereon to the date of payment (such
amount being the "Liquidation Distribution"). If such Liquidation Distribution
can be paid only in part because such Liberty Financial Trust has insufficient
assets available to pay in full the aggregate Liquidation Distribution, then
the amounts payable directly by such Liberty Financial Trust on its Preferred
Securities shall be paid on a pro rata basis. The holder(s) of such Liberty
Financial Trust's Common Securities will be entitled to receive distributions
upon any such liquidation pro rata with the holders of its Preferred
Securities, except that if a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing, the Preferred Securities shall have a priority
over the Common Securities. A supplemental Indenture may provide that if an
early dissolution occurs as described in clause (v) above, the Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities may be subject to optional redemption in
whole (but not in part).
37
Events of Default; Notice
Any one of the following events constitutes an "Event of Default" under
each Trust Agreement (an "Event of Default") with respect to the Preferred
Securities issued thereunder (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and
whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law
or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or
regulation of any administrative or governmental body):
(i) the occurrence of a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default
under the Junior Subordinated Indenture (see "Description of Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities--Junior Subordinated Debt Security Events of
Default"); or
(ii) default by the Property Trustee in the payment of any Distribution
when it becomes due and payable, and continuation of such default for a period
of 30 days; or
(iii) default by the Property Trustee in the payment of any Redemption
Price of any Trust Security when it becomes due and payable; or
(iv) default in the performance, or breach, in any material respect, of
any covenant or warranty of the Issuer Trustees in such Trust Agreement (other
than a covenant or warranty a default in the performance of which or the breach
of which is dealt with in clause (ii) above), and continuation of such default
or breach for a period of 60 days after there has been given by registered or
certified mail, to the defaulting Issuer Trustee or Trustees by the holders of
at least 25% in aggregate liquidation preference of the outstanding Preferred
Securities of the applicable Liberty Financial Trust, a written notice
specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating
that such notice is a "Notice of Default" under such Trust Agreement; or
(v) the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with
respect to the Property Trustee and the failure by the Company to appoint a
successor Property Trustee within 60 days thereof.
Within five Business Days after the occurrence of any Event of Default
actually known to the Property Trustee, the Property Trustee shall transmit
notice of such Event of Default to the holders of such Liberty Financial
Trust's Preferred Securities, the Administrative Trustees and the Company, as
Depositor, unless such Event of Default shall have been cured or waived. The
Company, as Depositor, and the Administrative Trustees are required to file
annually with the Property Trustee a certificate as to whether or not they are
in compliance with all the conditions and covenants applicable to them under
each Trust Agreement.
If a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default has occurred and
is continuing, the Preferred Securities shall have a preference over the Common
Securities upon termination of each Liberty Financial Trust as described above.
See "--Liquidation Distribution Upon Termination." The existence of an Event of
Default does not entitle the holders of Preferred Securities to accelerate the
maturity thereof.
Removal of Issuer Trustees
Unless a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default shall have
occurred and be continuing, any Issuer Trustee may be removed at any time by
the holder of the Common Securities. If a Junior Subordinated Debt Security
Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Property Trustee and the
Delaware Trustee may be removed at such time by the holders of a majority in
Liquidation Amount of the outstanding Preferred Securities. In no event will
the holders of the Preferred Securities have the right to vote to appoint,
remove or replace the Administrative Trustees, which voting rights are vested
exclusively in the Company as the holder of the Common Securities. No
resignation or removal of an Issuer Trustee and no appointment of a successor
trustee shall be effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor
trustee in accordance with the provisions of the applicable Trust Agreement.
Co-Trustees and Separate Property Trustee
Unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, at any
time or times, for the purpose of meeting the legal requirements of the Trust
Indenture Act or of any jurisdiction in which any part of the Trust Property
may at the time be located, the Company, as the holder of the Common
Securities, and the Administrative Trustees shall have power to appoint one or
more persons either to act as a co-trustee, jointly with the Property Trustee,
of all or any part of such Trust Property, or to act as separate trustee of any
such property, in either case with such powers as may be provided in the
instrument of appointment, and to vest in such person or persons in
38
such capacity any property, title, right or power deemed necessary or
desirable, subject to the provisions of the applicable Trust Agreement. In case
a Junior Subordinated Debt Security Event of Default has occurred and is
continuing, the Property Trustee alone shall have power to make such
appointment.
Merger or Consolidation of Issuer Trustees
Any corporation into which the Property Trustee, the Delaware Trustee or
any Administrative Trustee that is not a natural person may be merged or
converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Trustee shall be a
party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate
trust business of such Trustee, shall be the successor of such Trustee under
each Trust Agreement, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified
and eligible.
Mergers, Consolidations, Amalgamations or Replacements of the Liberty Financial
Trusts
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, a
Liberty Financial Trust may not merge with or into, consolidate, convert into,
amalgamate, or be replaced by, or convey, transfer or lease its properties and
assets substantially as an entirety to any corporation or other Person, except
as described below or as described in "Liquidation Distribution Upon
Dissolution." A Liberty Financial Trust may, at the request of the Company,
with the consent of the Administrative Trustees and without the consent of the
holders of the Preferred Securities, merge with or into, consolidate, convert
into, amalgamate, or be replaced by or convey, transfer or lease its properties
and assets substantially as an entirety to a trust organized as such under the
laws of any State, provided, that (i) such successor entity either (a)
expressly assumes all of the obligations of such Liberty Financial Trust with
respect to the Preferred Securities or (b) substitutes for the Preferred
Securities other securities having substantially the same terms as the
Preferred Securities (the "Successor Securities") so long as the Successor
Securities rank the same as the Preferred Securities rank in priority with
respect to distributions and payments upon liquidation, redemption and
otherwise, (ii) the Company expressly appoints a trustee of such successor
entity possessing the same powers and duties as the Property Trustee as the
holder of the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, (iii) the
Successor Securities are listed, or any Successor Securities will be listed
upon notification of issuance, on any national securities exchange or other
organization on which the Preferred Securities are then listed, if any, (iv)
such merger, consolidation, conversion, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance,
transfer or lease does not cause the Preferred Securities (including any
Successor Securities) to be downgraded by any nationally recognized statistical
rating organization, (v) such merger, consolidation, conversion, amalgamation,
replacement, conveyance transfer of lease does not adversely affect the rights,
preferences and privileges of the holders of the Preferred Securities
(including any Successor Securities) in any material respect, (vi) such
successor entity has a purpose substantially identical in all material respects
to that of the Liberty Financial Trust, (vii) prior to such merger,
consolidation, conversion, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance, transfer or
lease, the Company has received an opinion from independent counsel to the
Liberty Financial Trust experienced in such matters to the effect that (a) such
merger, consolidation, conversion, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance
transfer or lease does not adversely affect the rights, preferences and
privileges of the holders of the Preferred Securities (including any Successor
Securities) in any material respect, and (b) following such merger,
consolidation, conversion, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance, transfer or
lease, neither the Liberty Financial Trust nor such successor entity will be
required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act
and (viii) the Company or any permitted successor or assignee owns all of the
common securities of such successor entity and guarantees the obligations of
such successor entity under the Successor Securities at least to the extent
provided by the Guarantee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Liberty Financial
Trust shall not, except with the consent of holders of 100% in Liquidation
Amount of the Preferred Securities, consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or into
or be replaced by or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets
substantially as an entirety to any other entity or permit any other entity to
consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or into, or replace it if such
consolidation, amalgamation, merger, replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease
would cause the Liberty Financial Trust or the successor entity to be
classified as other than a grantor trust for United States federal income tax
purposes.
Voting Rights; Amendment of Each Trust Agreement
Except as provided below and under "Description of Guarantees-- Amendments
and Assignment" and as otherwise required by law and the applicable Trust
Agreement, the holders of the Preferred Securities will have no voting rights.
39
Each Trust Agreement may be amended from time to time by the Company, the
Property Trustee and the Administrative Trustees, without the consent of the
holders of the Preferred Securities (i) to cure any ambiguity, correct or
supplement any provisions in such Trust Agreement that may be inconsistent with
any other provision, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or
questions arising under such Trust Agreement, which shall not be inconsistent
with the other provisions of such Trust Agreement, or (ii) to modify, eliminate
or add to any provision of such Trust Agreement to such extent as shall be
necessary to ensure that the Liberty Financial Trust will be classified for
United States federal income tax purposes as a grantor trust at all times that
any Trust Securities are outstanding or to ensure that the Liberty Financial
Trust will not be required to register as an "investment company" under the
Investment Company Act; provided, however, that in the case of clause (i), such
action shall not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any
holder of Trust Securities, and any such amendments of such Trust Agreement
shall become effective when notice thereof is given to the holders of Trust
Securities. Each Trust Agreement may be amended by the Issuer Trustees and the
Company with (i) the consent of holders representing not less than a majority
(based upon Liquidation Amounts) of the outstanding Trust Securities, and (ii)
receipt by the Issuer Trustees of an opinion of counsel to the effect that such
amendment or the exercise of any power granted to the Issuer Trustees in
accordance with such amendment will not affect the Liberty Financial Trust's
status as a grantor trust for United States federal income tax purposes or the
Liberty Financial Trust's exemption from status as an "investment company"
under the Investment Company Act, provided that without the consent of each
holder of Trust Securities, such Trust Agreement may not be amended to (i)
change the amount or timing of any Distribution on the Trust Securities or
otherwise adversely affect the amount of any Distribution required to be made
in respect of the Trust Securities as of a specified date or (ii) restrict the
right of a holder of Trust Securities to institute suit for the enforcement of
any such payment on or after such date.
So long as any Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities are held
by the Property Trustee, the Issuer Trustees shall not (i) direct the time,
method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
Junior Subordinated Indenture Trustee, or executing any trust or power
conferred on the Property Trustee with respect to such Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, (ii) waive a past default that is waivable under
Section 513 of the Junior Subordinated Indenture, (iii) exercise any right to
rescind or annul a declaration that the principal of all the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities shall be due and payable or (iv) consent to any
amendment, modification or termination of the Junior Subordinated Indenture or
such Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, where such consent
shall be required, without, in each case, obtaining the prior approval of the
holders of a majority in aggregate Liquidation Amount of all outstanding
Preferred Securities; provided, however, that where a consent under the Junior
Subordinated Indenture would require the consent of each holder of
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities affected thereby, no such
consent shall be given by the Property Trustee without the prior consent of
each holder of the corresponding Preferred Securities. The Issuer Trustees
shall not revoke any action previously authorized or approved by a vote of the
holders of the Preferred Securities except by subsequent vote of the holders of
the Preferred Securities. The Property Trustee shall notify each holder of
Preferred Securities of any notice of default with respect to the Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. In addition to obtaining the foregoing
approvals of the holders of the Preferred Securities, prior to taking any of
the foregoing actions, the Issuer Trustees shall obtain an opinion of counsel
experienced in such matters to the effect that the Liberty Financial Trust will
not be classified as a corporation for United States federal income tax
purposes on account of such action.
Any required approval of holders of Preferred Securities may be given at a
meeting of holders of Preferred Securities convened for such purpose or
pursuant to written consent. The Property Trustee will cause a notice of any
meeting at which holders of Preferred Securities are entitled to vote to be
given to each holder of record of Preferred Securities in the manner set forth
in each Trust Agreement.
No vote or consent of the holders of Preferred Securities will be required
for a Liberty Financial Trust to redeem and cancel its Preferred Securities in
accordance with the applicable Trust Agreement.
Notwithstanding that holders of Preferred Securities are entitled to vote
or consent under any of the circumstances described above, any of the Preferred
Securities that are owned by the Company, the Issuer Trustees or any affiliate
of the or any Issuer Trustees, shall, for purposes of such vote or consent, be
treated as if they were not outstanding.
40
Global Preferred Securities
The Preferred Securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in
the form of one or more Global Preferred Securities that will be deposited
with, or on behalf of, the Depositary identified in the Prospectus Supplement
relating to such series. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement for such series, the Depositary will be DTC. Global
Preferred Securities may be issued only in fully registered form and in either
temporary or permanent form. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in
part for the individual Preferred Securities represented thereby, a Global
Preferred Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary
for such Global Preferred Security to a nominee of such Depositary or by a
nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such
Depositary or by the Depositary or any nominee to a successor Depositary or any
nominee of such successor.
The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to a series
of Preferred Securities will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating
to such series. The Company anticipates that the following provisions will
generally apply to depositary arrangements.
Upon the issuance of a Global Preferred Security, and the deposit of such
Global Preferred Security with or on behalf of the Depositary, the Depositary
for such Global Preferred Security or its nominee will credit, on its
book-entry registration and transfer system, the respective aggregate
Liquidation Amounts of the individual Preferred Securities represented by such
Global Preferred Securities to the accounts of Participants. Such accounts
shall be designated by the dealers, underwriters or agents with respect to such
Preferred Securities or by the Company if such Preferred Securities are offered
and sold directly by the Company. Ownership of beneficial interests in a Global
Preferred Security will be limited to participants or persons that may hold
interests through Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in such
Global Preferred Security will be shown on, and the transfer of that ownership
will be effected only through, records maintained by the applicable Depositary
or its nominee (with respect to interests of Participants) and the records of
participants (with respect to interests of persons who hold through
Participants). The laws of some states require that certain purchasers of
securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such
limits and such laws may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in
a Global Preferred Security.
So long as the Depositary for a Global Preferred Security, or its nominee,
is the registered owner of such Global Preferred Security, such Depositary or
such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder
of the Preferred Securities represented by such Global Preferred Security for
all purposes under the Trust Agreement governing such Preferred Securities.
Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in a Global Preferred
Security will not be entitled to have any of the individual Preferred
Securities of the series represented by such Global Preferred Security
registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical
delivery of any such Preferred Securities of such series in definitive form and
will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the Trust Agreement.
Payments of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on individual
Preferred Securities represented by a Global Preferred Security registered in
the name of a Depositary or its nominee will be made to the Depositary or its
nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the Global Preferred
Security representing such Preferred Securities. None of the Company, the
Property Trustee, any Paying Agent, or the Securities Registrar for such
Preferred Securities will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect
of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership
interests of the Global Preferred Security representing such Preferred
Securities or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to
such beneficial ownership interests.
The Company expects that the Depositary for a series of Preferred
Securities or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of Liquidation Amount,
premium or Distributions in respect of a permanent Global Preferred Security
representing any of such Preferred Securities, immediately will credit
participants' accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their
respective beneficial interest in the aggregate Liquidation Amount of such
Global Preferred Security for such Preferred Securities as shown on the records
of such Depositary or its nominee. The Company also expects that payments by
Participants to owners of beneficial interests in such Global Preferred
Security held through such Participants will be governed by standing
instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held
for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in "street name."
Such payments will be the responsibility of such Participants.
41
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, if a
Depositary for a series of Preferred Securities is at any time unwilling,
unable or ineligible to continue as depositary and a successor depositary is
not appointed by the Company within 90 days, the Company will issue individual
Preferred Securities of such series in exchange for the Global Preferred
Security representing such series of Preferred Securities. In addition, the
Company may at any time and in its sole discretion, subject to any limitations
described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such Preferred Securities,
determine not to have any Preferred Securities of such series represented by
one or more Global Preferred Securities and, in such event, will issue
individual Preferred Securities of such series in exchange for the Global
Preferred Security or Securities representing such series of Preferred
Securities. Further, if the Company so specifies with respect to the Preferred
Securities of a series, an owner of a beneficial interest in a Global Preferred
Security representing Preferred Securities of such series may, on terms
acceptable to the Company, the Property Trustee and the Depositary for such
Global Preferred Security, receive individual Preferred Securities of such
series in exchange for such beneficial interests, subject to any limitations
described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such Preferred Securities.
In any such instance, an owner of a beneficial interest in a Global Preferred
Security will be entitled to physical delivery of individual Preferred
Securities of the series represented by such Global Preferred Security equal in
principal amount to such beneficial interest and to have such Preferred
Securities registered in its name. Individual Preferred Securities of such
series so issued will be issued in denominations, unless otherwise specified by
the Company, of $25 and integral multiples thereof.
Payment and Paying Agency
Payments in respect of the Preferred Securities shall be made to the
Depositary, which shall credit the relevant accounts at the Depositary on the
applicable Distribution Dates or, if any Liberty Financial Trust's Preferred
Securities are not held by the Depositary, such payments shall be made by check
mailed to the address of the holder entitled thereto as such address shall
appear on the Register. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, the paying agent (the "Paying Agent") shall initially be the
Property Trustee and any co-paying agent chosen by the Property Trustee and
acceptable to the Administrative Trustees and the Company. The Paying Agent
shall be permitted to resign as Paying Agent upon 30 days' written notice to
the Property Trustee and the Company. In the event that the Property Trustee
shall no longer be the Paying Agent, the Administrative Trustees shall appoint
a successor (which shall be a bank or trust company acceptable to the
Administrative Trustees and the Company) to act as Paying Agent.
Registrar and Transfer Agent
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Property Trustee will act as registrar and transfer agent for the Preferred
Securities.
Registration of transfers of Preferred Securities will be effected without
charge by or on behalf of each Liberty Financial Trust, but upon payment of any
tax or other governmental charges that may be imposed in connection with any
transfer or exchange. The Liberty Financial Trusts will not be required to
register or cause to be registered the transfer of their Preferred Securities
after such Preferred Securities have been called for redemption.
Information Concerning the Property Trustee
The property Trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of
an Event of Default, undertakes to perform only such duties as are specifically
set forth in each Trust Agreement and, after such Event of Default, must
exercise the same degree of care and skill as a prudent person would exercise
or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the
Property Trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers vested in
it by the applicable Trust Agreement at the request of any holder of Preferred
Securities unless it is offered reasonable indemnity against the costs,
expenses and liabilities that might be incurred thereby. If no Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing and the Property Trustee is required to decide
between alternative causes of action, construe ambiguous provisions in the
applicable Trust Agreement or is unsure of the application of any provision of
the applicable Trust Agreement, and the matter is not one on which holders of
Preferred Securities are entitled under such Trust Agreement to vote, then the
Property Trustee shall take such action as is directed by the Company and if
not so directed, shall take such action as it deems advisable and in the best
interests of the holders of the Trust Securities and will have no liability
except for its own bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct.
42
Miscellaneous
The Administrative Trustees are authorized and directed to conduct the
affairs of and to operate the Liberty Financial Trusts in such a way that no
Liberty Financial Trust will be deemed to be an "investment company" required
to be registered under the Investment Company Act or classified as an
association taxable as a corporation for United States federal income tax
purposes and so that the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will
be treated as indebtedness of the Company for United States federal income tax
purposes. In this connection, the Company and the Administrative Trustees are
authorized to take any action, not inconsistent with applicable law, the
certificate of trust of each Liberty Financial Trust or each Trust Agreement,
that the Company and the Administrative Trustees determine in their discretion
to be necessary or desirable for such purposes, as long as such action does not
materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the related
Preferred Securities.
Holders of the Preferred Securities have no preemptive or similar rights.
No Liberty Financial Trust may borrow money or issue debt or mortgage or
pledge any of its assets.
DESCRIPTION OF GUARANTEES
A Guarantee will be executed and delivered by the Company concurrently
with the issuance by each Liberty Financial Trust of its Preferred Securities
for the benefit of the holders from time to time of such Preferred Securities.
State Street Bank and Trust Company will act as indenture trustee ("Guarantee
Trustee") under each Guarantee for the purposes of compliance with the Trust
Indenture Act and each Guarantee will be qualified as an indenture under the
Trust Indenture Act. This summary of certain provisions of the Guarantees does
not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by
reference to, all of the provisions of each Guarantee Agreement, including the
definitions therein of certain terms, and the Trust Indenture Act. The form of
the Guarantee has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of
which this Prospectus forms a part. Reference in this summary to Preferred
Securities means that Liberty Financial Trust's Preferred Securities to which a
Guarantee relates. The Guarantee Trustee will hold each Guarantee for the
benefit of the holders of the related Liberty Financial Trust's Preferred
Securities.
General
The Company will irrevocably agree to pay in full on a subordinated basis,
to the extent set forth herein, the Guarantee Payments (as defined below) to
the holders of the Preferred Securities, as and when due, regardless of any
defense, right of set-off or counterclaim that such Liberty Financial Trust may
have or assert other than the defense of payment. The following payments with
respect to the Preferred Securities, to the extent not paid by or on behalf of
the related Liberty Financial Trust (the "Guarantee Payments"), will be subject
to the Guarantee: (i) any accumulated and unpaid Distributions required to be
paid on such Preferred Securities, to the extent that such Liberty Financial
Trust has funds on hand available therefor at such time, (ii) the Redemption
Price with respect to any Preferred Securities called for redemption to the
extent that such Liberty Financial Trust has funds on hand available therefor
at such time, or (iii) upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up
or liquidation of such Liberty Financial Trust (unless the Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities are distributed to holders of such Preferred
Securities), the lesser of (a) the Liquidation Distribution and (b) the amount
of assets of such Liberty Financial Trust remaining available for distribution
to holders of Preferred Securities. The Company's obligation to make a
Guarantee Payment may be satisfied by direct payment of the required amounts by
the Company to the holders of the applicable Preferred Securities or by causing
the Liberty Financial Trust to pay such amounts to such holders.
Each Guarantee will be an irrevocable guarantee on a subordinated basis of
the related Liberty Financial Trust's obligations under the Preferred
Securities, but will apply only to the extent that such related Liberty
Financial Trust has funds sufficient to make such payments, and is not a
guarantee of collection.
If the Company does not make interest payments on the Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities held by the Liberty Financial Trust, the Liberty
Financial Trust will not be able to pay Distributions on the Preferred
Securities and will not have funds legally available therefor. Each Guarantee
will rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior Debt of the
Company. See "--Status of the Guarantees." The Company is a non-operating
holding company and almost all of the operating assets of the Company and its
consolidated subsidiaries are owned by such subsidiaries. The Company relies
primarily on dividends from such subsidiaries to meet its obligations for
payment of principal and interest on its outstanding debt obligations and
corporate expenses.
43
Accordingly, the Company's obligations under the Guarantees will be effectively
subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of the Company's
subsidiaries, and claimants should look only to the assets of the Company for
payments thereunder. The payment of dividends by the Company's insurance
company subsidiaries is limited under the insurance holding company laws in
which such subsidiaries are domiciled. See "Liberty Financial Companies Inc."
Except as otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Guarantees do not limit the incurrence or issuance of other secured or
unsecured debt of the Company, whether under the Indenture, any other indenture
that the Company may enter into in the future or otherwise. See the Prospectus
Supplement relating to any offering of Preferred Securities.
The Company's obligations described herein and in any accompanying
Prospectus Supplement, through the applicable Guarantee, the applicable Trust
Agreement, the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, the Junior Subordinated
Indenture and any supplemental indentures thereto, and the Expense Agreement
(as defined below), taken together, constitute a full, irrevocable and
unconditional guarantee by the Company of payments due on the Preferred
Securities. No single document standing alone or operating in conjunction with
fewer than all of the other documents constitutes such guarantee. It is only
the combined operation of these documents that has the effect of providing a
full, irrevocable and unconditional guarantee of the Liberty Financial Trust's
obligations under the Preferred Securities. See "The Liberty Financial Trusts,"
"Description of Preferred Securities," and "Description of Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities."
Status of the Guarantees
Each Guarantee will constitute an unsecured obligation of the Company and
will rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior Debt.
As discussed above under "Description of the Senior Debt
Securities--General," the Company is a non-operating holding company and
substantially all of the operating assets of the Company are owned by such
subsidiaries. The Company relies primarily on dividends from such subsidiaries
to meet its obligations for payment of principal and interest on its
outstanding debt obligations and corporate expenses. Accordingly, the
Guarantees will be effectively subordinated to all existing and future
liabilities of the Company's subsidiaries, including trade payable and lease
obligations by the Company's subsidiaries, and liabilities under contracts of
insurance and annuities written by the Company's insurance subsidiaries. Except
as otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, there is no
limit on the incurrence or issuance of other secured or unsecured debt by the
Company or its subsidiaries. Holders of Guarantees should look only to the
assets of the Company for payments of interest and principal and premium, if
any.
Each Guarantee will rank pari passu with all other Guarantees issued by
the Company. Each Guarantee will constitute a guarantee of payment and not of
collection (i.e., the guaranteed party may institute a legal proceeding
directly against the Guarantor to enforce its rights under the Guarantee
without first instituting a legal proceeding against any other person or
entity). Each Guarantee will be held for the benefit of the holders of the
related Preferred Securities. Each Guarantee will not be discharged except by
payment of the Guarantee Payments in full to the extent not paid by the Liberty
Financial Trust or upon distribution to the holders of the Preferred Securities
of the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. None of the
Guarantees places a limitation on the amount of additional Senior Debt that may
be incurred by the Company. The Company expects from time to time to incur
additional indebtedness constituting Senior Debt.
Amendments and Assignment
Except with respect to any changes which do not materially adversely
affect the rights of holders of the related Preferred Securities (in which case
no vote will be required), no Guarantee may be amended without the prior
approval of the holders of not less than a majority of the aggregate
Liquidation Amount of such outstanding Preferred Securities. The manner of
obtaining any such approval will be as set forth under "Description of the
Preferred Securities--Voting Rights; Amendment of Each Trust Agreement." All
guarantees and agreements contained in each Guarantee shall bind the
successors, assigns, receivers, trustees and representatives of the Company and
shall inure to the benefit of the holders of the related Preferred Securities
then outstanding.
44
Events of Default
An event of default under each Guarantee will occur upon the failure of
the Company to perform any of its payment or other obligations thereunder. The
holders of not less than a majority in aggregate Liquidation amount of the
related Preferred Securities have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Guarantee
Trustee in respect of such Guarantee or to direct the exercise of any trust or
power conferred upon the Guarantee Trustee under such guarantee.
Any holder of the Preferred Securities may institute a legal proceeding
directly against the Company to enforce its rights under such Guarantee without
first instituting a legal proceeding against the Liberty Financial Trust, the
Guarantee Trustee or any other person or entity.
The Company, as guarantor, is required to file annually with the Guarantee
Trustee a certificate as to whether or not the Company is in compliance with
all the conditions and covenants applicable to it under the guarantee.
Information Concerning the Guarantee Trustee
The Guarantee Trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of
a default by the Company in performance of any Guarantee, undertakes to perform
only such duties as are specifically set forth in each Guarantee and, after
default with respect to any Guarantee, must exercise the same degree of care
and skill as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or
her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the Guarantee Trustee is under no
obligation to exercise any of the powers vested in it by any Guarantee at the
request of any holder of any Preferred Securities unless it is offered
reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be
incurred thereby.
Termination of the Guarantees
Each Guarantee will terminate and be of no further force and effect upon
full payment of the Redemption Price of the related Preferred Securities, upon
full payment of the amounts payable upon liquidation of the related Liberty
Financial Trust or upon distribution of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities to the holders of the related Preferred Securities. Each Guarantee
will continue to be effective or will be reinstated, as the case may be, if at
any time any holder of the related Preferred Securities must restore payment of
any sums paid under such Preferred Securities or such Guarantee.
Governing Law
Each Guarantee will be governed by and construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of New York.
The Expense Agreement
Pursuant to the Expense Agreement entered into by the Company under each
Trust Agreement (the "Expense Agreement"), the Company will irrevocably and
unconditionally guarantee to each person or entity to whom the Liberty
Financial Trust becomes indebted or liable, the full payment of any costs,
expenses or liabilities of the Liberty Financial Trust, other than obligations
of the Liberty Financial Trust to pay to the holders of any Preferred
Securities or other similar interests in the Liberty Financial Trust of the
amounts due such holders pursuant to the terms of the Preferred Securities or
such other similar interests, as the case may be.
45
DESCRIPTION OF STOCK PURCHASE CONTRACTS
AND STOCK PURCHASE UNITS
The Company may issue stock purchase contracts (the "Stock Purchase
Contracts"), representing contracts obligating holders to purchase from the
Company, and the Company to sell to the holders, a specified number of shares
of Common Stock at a future date or dates. The price per share of Common Stock
may be fixed at the time the Stock Purchase Contracts are issued or may be
determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the Stock Purchase
Contracts. The Stock Purchase Contracts may be issued separately or as a part
of units ("Stock Purchase Units") consisting of a Stock Purchase Contract and
either (x) Senior Debt Securities, Subordinated Debt Securities or Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, (y) debt obligations of third parties, including
U.S. Treasury securities, or (z) Preferred Securities of a Liberty Financial
Trust, securing the holder's obligations to purchase the Common Stock under the
Stock Purchase Contracts. The Stock Purchase Contracts may require the Company
to make periodic payments to the holders of the Stock Purchase Unites or vice
versa, and such payments may be unsecured or prefunded on some basis. The Stock
Purchase Contracts may require holders to secure their obligations thereunder
in a specified manner and in certain circumstances the Company may deliver
newly issued prepaid stock purchase contracts ("Prepaid Securities") upon
release to a holder of any collateral securing such holder's obligations under
the original Stock Purchase Contract.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of any Stock
Purchase Contracts or Stock Purchase Units and, if applicable, Prepaid
Securities. The description in the Prospectus Supplement will not purport to be
complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the Stock
Purchase Contracts, the collateral arrangements and depositary arrangements, if
applicable, relating to such Stock Purchase Contracts or Stock Purchase Units
and, if applicable, the Prepaid Securities and the document pursuant to which
such Prepaid Securities will be issued.
BOOK-ENTRY ISSUANCE
DTC will act as securities depositary for all of the Preferred Securities
and the Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, unless otherwise referred to in
the Prospectus Supplement relating to an offering of Preferred Securities or
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. The Preferred Securities and the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities will be issued only as fully-registered securities
registered in the name of Cede & Co. (DTC's nominee). One or more
fully-registered global certificates will be issued for the Preferred
Securities of each Liberty Financial Trust and the Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, representing in the aggregate the total number of such Liberty
Financial Trust's Preferred Securities or aggregate principal balance of Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities, respectively, and will be deposited with DTC.
DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the New York
Banking Law, a "banking organization" within the meaning of the New York
Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation"
within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a "clearing
agency" registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange
Act. DTC holds securities that its Participants deposit with DTC. DTC also
facilitates the settlement among Participants of securities transactions, such
as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic
computerized book-entry changes in Participants' accounts, thereby eliminating
the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Direct Participants
include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing
corporations and certain other organizations ("Direct Participants"). DTC is
owned by a number of its Direct Participants and by the New York Stock
Exchange, Inc., the American Stock Exchange, Inc. and the National Association
of Securities Dealers, Inc. Access to the DTC system is also available to
others such as securities brokers and dealers, banks and trust companies that
clear through or maintain custodial relationships with Direct Participants,
either directly or indirectly ("Indirect Participants"). The rules applicable
to DTC and its Participants are on file with the Commission.
Purchase of Preferred Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt Securities
within the DTC system must be made by or through Direct Participants, which
will receive a credit for the Preferred Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities on DTC's records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of
each Preferred Security and each Junior Subordinated Debt Security ("Beneficial
Owner") is in turn to be recorded on the Direct and Indirect Participants'
records. Beneficial Owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of
confirmations providing details of the transactions, as well as periodic
statements of their holdings, from the Direct or Indirect Participants through
which the Beneficial Owners purchased Preferred Securities or Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities.
46
Transfers of ownership interests in the Preferred Securities or Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the
books of Participants acting on behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners
will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in
Preferred Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, except in the
event that use of the book-entry system for the Preferred Securities of such
Liberty Financial Trust or Junior Subordinated Debt Securities is discontinued.
DTC has no knowledge of the actual Beneficial Owners of the Preferred
Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt Securities; DTC's records reflect only
the identity of the Direct Participants to whose accounts such Preferred
Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt Securities are credited, which may or
may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Participants will remain responsible for
keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.
Conveyance of notices and other communications buy DTC to Direct
Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants, and by Direct
Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners and the voting
rights of Direct Participants, Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners will
be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory
requirements as may be in effect from time to time.
Redemption notices shall be sent to Cede & Co. as the registered holder of
the Preferred Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt Securities. If less than
all of a Liberty Financial Trust's Preferred Securities or the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities are being redeemed, DTC's current practice is to
determine by lot the amount of the interest of each Direct Participant to be
redeemed.
Although voting with respect to the Preferred Securities or the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities is limited to the holders of record of the
Preferred Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, in those instances
in which a vote is required, neither the DTC nor Cede & Co. will itself consent
or vote with respect to Preferred Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities. Under its usual procedures, DTC would mail an omnibus proxy (the
"Omnibus Proxy") to the relevant Trustee as soon as possible after the record
date. The Omnibus Proxy assigns Cede & Co.'s consenting or voting rights to
those Direct Participants to whose accounts such Preferred Securities or Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities are credited on the record date (identified in a
listing attached to the Omnibus Proxy).
Distribution payments on the Preferred Securities or the Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities will be made by he relevant Trustee to DTC. DTC's
practice is to credit Direct Participants' accounts on the relevant payment
date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC's records unless
DTC has reason to believe that it will not receive payments on such payment
date. Payments by Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by
standing instructions and customary practices and will be the responsibility of
such Participant and not of DTC, the relevant Trustee, the Liberty Financial
Trust thereof or the Company, subject to any statutory regulatory requirements
as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of Distributions to DTC is the
responsibility of the relevant Trustee, disbursement of such payments to Direct
Participants is the responsibility of DTC, and disbursements of such payments
to the Beneficial Owners is the responsibility of Direct and Indirect
Participants.
DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depositary with
respect to any of the Preferred Securities or the Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to the relevant Trustee and
the Company. In the event that a successor securities depositary is not
obtained, definitive Preferred Security or Junior Subordinated Debt Security
certificates representing such Preferred Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities are required to be printed and delivered. The Company, at its
option, may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry transfers
through DTC (or a successor depositary). After a Junior Subordinated Debt
Security Event of Default, the holders of a majority in liquidation preference
of Preferred Securities or aggregate principal amount of Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities may determine to discontinue the system of book-entry transfers
through DTC. In any such event, definitive certificates for such Preferred
Securities or Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be printed and
delivered.
The information in this section concerning DTC and DTC's book-entry system
has been obtained from sources that the Liberty Financial Trusts and the
Company believe to be accurate, but the Liberty Financial Trusts and the
Company assume no responsibility for the accuracy thereof. Neither the Liberty
Financial Trusts nor the Company has any responsibility for the performance by
DTC or its Participants of their respective obligations as described herein or
under the rules and procedures governing their respective operations.
47
RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE PREFERRED SECURITIES,
THE CORRESPONDING JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES
AND THE GUARANTEES
Full and Unconditional Guarantee
Payments of Distributions and other amounts due on the Preferred
Securities (to the extent the Liberty Financial Trust has funds available for
the payment of such Distributions) are irrevocably guaranteed by the Company as
and to the extent set forth under "Description of Guarantees." Taken together,
the Company's obligations under each series of Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities, the Junior Subordinated Indenture, the related Trust Agreement, the
related Expense Agreement, and the related Guarantee provide, in the aggregate,
a full, irrevocable and unconditional guarantee of payments of distributions
and other amounts due on the related series of Preferred Securities. No single
document standing alone or operating in conjunction with fewer than all of the
other documents constitutes such guarantee. It is only the combined operation
of these documents that has the effect of providing a full, irrevocable and
unconditional guarantee of the Liberty Financial Trust's obligations under the
Preferred Securities. If and to the extent that the Company does not make
payments on any series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities,
such Liberty Financial Trust will not pay Distributions or other amounts due on
its Preferred Securities. The Guarantees do not cover payment of Distributions
when the related Liberty Financial Trust does not have sufficient funds to pay
such Distributions. In such event, the remedy of a holder of a series of
Preferred Securities is to institute a legal proceeding directly against the
Company for enforcement of payment of such Distributions to such holder. The
obligations of the Company under each Guarantee are subordinate and junior in
right of payment to all Senior Debt of the Company.
Sufficiency of Payments
As long as payments of interest and other payments are made when due on
each series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, such payments
will be sufficient to cover Distributions and other payments due on the related
Preferred Securities, primarily because (i) the aggregate principal amount of
each series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities will be equal
to the sum of the aggregate stated Liquidation Amount of the Related Preferred
Securities and related Common Securities; (ii) the interest rate and interest
and other payment dates on each series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities will match the Distribution rate and Distribution and other
payment dates for the related Preferred Securities; (iii) the Company shall pay
for all and any costs, expenses and liabilities of such Liberty Financial Trust
except the Liberty Financial Trust's obligations to holders of its Preferred
Securities under such Preferred Securities; and (iv) each Trust Agreement
further provides that the Liberty Financial Trust will not engage in any
activity that is not consistent with the limited purposes of such Liberty
Financial Trust.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Junior Subordinated
Indenture, the Company has the right to set-off any payment it is otherwise
required to make thereunder with and to the extent the Company has theretofore
made, or is concurrently on the date of such payment making, a payment under
the related Guarantee.
Enforcement Rights of Holders of Preferred Securities
A holder of any related Preferred Security may institute a legal
proceeding directly against the Company to enforce its rights under the related
Guarantee without first instituting a legal proceeding against the Guarantee
Trustee, the related Liberty Financial Trust or any other person or entity.
A default or event of default under any Senior Debt of the Company would
not constitute a default or Event of Default. However, in the event of payment
defaults under, or acceleration of, Senior Debt of the Company, the
subordination provisions of the Junior Subordinated Indenture provide that no
payments may be made in respect of the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt
Securities until such Senior Debt has been paid in full or any payment default
thereunder has been cured or waived. Failure to make required payments on any
series of Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities would constitute an
Event of Default.
Limited Purpose of Liberty Financial Trusts
Each Liberty Financial Trust's Preferred Securities evidence a beneficial
interest in such Liberty Financial Trust, and each Liberty Financial Trust
exists for the sole purpose of issuing its Preferred Securities and Common
Securities and investing the proceeds thereof in Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities. A principal
48
difference between the rights of a holder of a Preferred Security and a holder
of a Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Security is that a holder of a
Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Security is entitled to receive from the
Company the principal amount of and interest accrued on Corresponding Junior
Subordinated Debt Securities held, while a holder of a Preferred Securities is
entitled to receive Distributions from such Liberty Financial Trust (or from
the Company under the applicable Guarantee) if and to the extent such Liberty
Financial Trust has funds available for the payment of such Distributions.
Rights Upon Dissolution
Upon any voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding-up or liquidation
of any Liberty Financial Trust involving the liquidation of the Corresponding
Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, the holders of the related Preferred
Securities will be entitled to receive, out of assets held by such Liberty
Financial Trust, the Liquidation Distribution in cash. See "Description of
Preferred Securities--Liquidation Distribution Upon Dissolution." Upon any
voluntary or involuntary liquidation or bankruptcy of the Company, the Property
Trustee, as holder of the Corresponding Junior Subordinated Debt Securities,
would be a subordinated creditor of the Company, subordinated in right of
payment to all Senior Debt, but entitled to receive payment in full of
principal and interest, before any stockholders of the Company receive payments
or distributions. Since the Company is the guarantor under each Guarantee and
has agreed to pay for all costs, expenses and liabilities of each Liberty
Financial Trust (other than the Liberty Financial Trust's obligations to the
holders of its Preferred Securities), the positions of a holder of such
Preferred Securities and a holder of such Corresponding Junior Subordinated
Debt Securities relative to other creditors and to stockholders of the Company
in the event of liquidation or bankruptcy of the Company are expected to be
substantially the same.
49
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Company and/or any Liberty Financial Trust may sell any of the Offered
Securities in any one or more of the following ways from time to time: (i)
through agents; (ii) to or through underwriters; (iii) through dealers; or (iv)
directly to purchasers.
The Prospectus Supplement with respect to the Offered Securities will set
forth the terms of the offering of the Offered Securities, including the name
or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents; the purchase price of the
Offered Securities and the proceeds to the Company and/or a Liberty Financial
Trust from such sale; any underwriting discounts and commissions or agency fees
and other items constituting underwriters' or agents' compensation; any initial
public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or
paid to dealers and any securities exchange on which such Offered Securities
may be listed. Any initial public offering price, discounts or concessions
allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers and any securities exchange on which
such Offered Securities may be listed. Any initial public offering price,
discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed
from time to time.
The distribution of the Offered Securities may be effected from time to
time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be
changed, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to
such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices.
Offers to purchase Offered Securities may be solicited by agents
designated by the Company from time to time. Any such agent involved in the
offer or sale of the Offered Securities in respect of which this Prospectus is
delivered will be named, and any commissions payable by the Company and/or the
applicable Liberty Financial Trust to such agent will be set forth, in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise indicated in such Prospectus
Supplement, any such agent will be acting on a reasonable best efforts basis
for the period of its appointment. Any such agent may be deemed to be an
underwriter, as that term is defined in the Securities Act, of the Offered
Securities so offered and sold.
If Offered Securities are sold by means of an underwritten offering, the
Company and/or the applicable Liberty Financial Trust will execute an
underwriting agreement with an underwriter or underwriters at the time an
agreement for such sale is reached, and the names of the specific managing
underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriters, and the terms
of the transaction, including commissions, discounts and any other compensation
of the underwriters and dealers, if any, will be set forth in the Prospectus
Supplement which will be used by the underwriters to make resales of the
Offered Securities in respect of which this Prospectus is delivered to the
public. If underwriters are utilized in the sale of the Offered Securities in
respect of which this Prospectus is delivered, the Offered Securities will be
acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time
to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at
fixed public offering prices or at varying prices determined by the underwriter
at the time of sale. Offered Securities may be offered to the public either
through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or
directly by the managing underwriters. If any underwriter or underwriters are
utilized in the sale of the Offered Securities, unless otherwise indicated in
the Prospectus Supplement, the underwriting agreement will provide that the
obligations of the underwriters are subject to certain conditions precedent and
that the underwriters with respect to a sale of Offered Securities will be
obligated to purchase all such Offered Securities of a series if any are
purchased.
If a dealer is utilized in the sales of the Offered Securities in respect
of which this Prospectus is delivered, the Company and/or the applicable
Liberty Financial Trust will sell such Offered Securities to the dealer as
principal. The dealer may then resell such Offered Securities to the public at
varying prices to be determined by such dealer at the time of resale. Any such
dealer may be deemed to be an underwriter, as such term is defined in the
Securities Act, of the Offered Securities so offered and sold. The name of the
dealer and the terms of the transaction will be set forth in the Prospectus
Supplement relating thereto.
Offers to purchase Offered Securities may be solicited directly by the
Company and/or the applicable Liberty Financial Trust and the sale thereof may
be made by the Company and/or the applicable Liberty Financial Trust directly
to institutional investors or others, who may be deemed to be underwriters
within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any resale thereof.
The terms of any such sales will be described in the Prospectus Supplement
relating thereto.
Agents, underwriters and dealers may be entitled under relevant agreements
to indemnification or contribution by the Company and/or the applicable Liberty
Financial Trust against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act.
50
Agents, underwriters and dealers may be customers of, engage in
transactions with, or perform services for, the Company and its subsidiaries in
the ordinary course of business.
Offered Securities may also be offered and sold, if so indicated in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement, in connection with a remarketing upon their
purchase, in accordance with a redemption or repayment pursuant to their terms,
or otherwise, by one or more firms ("remarketing firms"), acting as principals
for their own accounts or as agents for the Company and/or the applicable
Liberty Financial Trust. Any remarketing firm will be identified and the terms
of its agreement, if any, with its compensation will be described in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement. Remarketing firms may be deemed to be
underwriters, as such term is defined in the Securities Act, in connection with
the Offered Securities remarketed thereby. Remarketing firms may be entitled
under agreements which may be entered into with the Company and/or the
applicable Liberty Financial Trust to indemnification or contribution by the
Company and/or the applicable Liberty Financial Trust against certain civil
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and may be
customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for the Company
and its subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business.
If so indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Company
and/or the applicable Liberty Financial Trust may authorize agents,
underwriters or dealers to solicit offers by certain types of institutions to
purchase Offered Securities from the Company and/or the applicable Liberty
Financial Trust at the public offering prices set forth in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for
payment and delivery on a specified date or dates in the future. A commission
indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement will be paid to underwriters,
dealers and agents soliciting purchases of Offered Securities pursuant to any
such delayed contracts accepted by the Company and/or the applicable Liberty
Financial Trust.
VALIDITY OF SECURITIES
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement,
certain legal matters will be passed upon for the Company and the Liberty
Financial Trusts by Choate, Hall & Stewart (a partnership including
professional corporations), Boston, Massachusetts, counsel to the Company, and
for the Liberty Financial Trusts by Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A.,
Wilmington, Delaware, special Delaware counsel to the Company and the Liberty
Financial Trusts. Certain legal matters in connection with the Offered
Securities will be passed upon for the underwriter(s), dealer(s) or agent(s) by
Brown & Wood LLP, New York New York.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements and schedules of Liberty Financial
Companies, Inc. and subsidiaries appearing in the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K at and for the two years ended December 31, 1997 have been audited by
Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, and for the year ended December 31,
1995 have been audited by KPMG Peat Marwick, LLP, independent auditors, as set
forth in their respective reports thereon included therein and incorporated
herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements and schedules are
incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given upon the
authority of such firms as experts in accounting and auditing.
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[logo]
$450,000,000
LIBERTY FINANCIAL COMPANIES, INC.
$300,000,000 6-3/4% Notes Due 2008
$150,000,000 7-5/8% Debentures Due 2028
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P R O S P E C T U S S U P P L E M E N T
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Merrill Lynch & Co.
NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC
Salomon Smith Barney
November 5, 1998
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