EXHIBIT 3.2
HAGLER BAILLY, INC.
BYLAWS
ARTICLE I OFFICES
1.1 Registered Office: The registered office shall be in the City of
Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware.
1.2 Other Offices: The corporation may also have offices at such other
places both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors
may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
2.1 Place of Meetings: All meetings of the stockholders for the
election of directors shall be held at such place either within or without the
State of Delaware as shall be designated from time to time by the board of
directors and stated in the notice of the meeting. Meetings of stockholders for
any other purpose may be held at such time and place, within or without the
State of Delaware, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly
executed waiver of notice thereof.
2.2 Date of Annual Meeting: Annual meetings of stockholders, commencing
with the year 1996, shall be held on the first Wednesday of May, if not a legal
holiday, and if a legal holiday, then on the next secular day following, at
10:00 o'clock A.M., or at such other date and time as shall be designated from
time to time by the board of directors and stated in the notice of the meeting,
at which they shall elect by a plurality vote a board of directors, and transact
such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.
2.3 Notice of Annual Meeting: Written notice of the annual meeting
stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each
stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten nor more than
sixty days before the date of the meeting.
2.4 Stockholders List: The officer who has charge of the stock ledger
of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every
meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at
the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholders, for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least
ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the
meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the
meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held.
The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting
during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is
present.
2.5 Special Meetings: Special meetings of the stockholders, for any
purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the
certificate of incorporation, may be called by the president and shall be called
by the president or secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the
board of directors, or at the request in writing of stockholders owning a
majority in amount of the entire capital stock of the corporation issued and
outstanding and entitled to vote. Such request shall state the purpose or
purposes of the proposed meeting.
2.6 Notice of Special Meetings: Written notice of a special meeting
stating the place, date and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for
which the meeting is called, shall be given not less than ten nor more than
sixty days before the date of the meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote
at such meeting.
2.7 Business Transacted at Special Meeting: Business transacted at any
special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the
notice.
2.8 Quorum: The holders of a majority of the stock issued and
outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by
proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the
transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the
certificate of incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or
represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to
vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to
adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at
the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned
meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented any business may be
transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally
notified. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the
adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of
the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to
vote at the meeting.
2.9 Vote Required: When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of
the holders of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person or
represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting,
unless the question is one upon which by express provision of the statutes or of
the certificate of incorporation, a different vote is required in which case
such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.
2.10 Voting: Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of
incorporation each stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be
entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of the capital stock
having voting power held by such stockholder, but no proxy shall be voted on
after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.
At all elections of the directors of the corporation each stockholder having
voting power shall be entitled to exercise the right to cumulative voting, but
only if so provided in the certificate of incorporation.
2.11 Action Without Meeting: Unless otherwise provided in the
certificate of incorporation, any action required to be taken at any annual or
special meeting of stockholders of the corporation, or any action which may be
taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken
without a meeting without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in
writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of
outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be
necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares
entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of
the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent
shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
3.1 Number of Directors: The first board shall consist of a minimum of
one (1) director. Thereafter, the number of directors shall be determined by
resolution of the board of directors or by the stockholders at the annual
meeting. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the
stockholders, except as provided in Section 3.2 of these ByLaws, and each
director elected shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified.
Directors need not be stockholders.
3.2 Vacancies: Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from
any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority
of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole
remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next
annual election and until their successors are duly elected and shall qualify,
unless sooner displaced. If there are no directors in office, then an election
of directors may be held in the manner provided by statute. If, at the time of
filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in
office shall constitute less than a majority of the whole board (as constituted
immediately prior to any such increase), the Court of Chancery may, upon
application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten percent of
the total number of the shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote
for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such
vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by
the directors then in office.
3.3 Powers of Directors: The business of the corporation shall be
managed by or under the direction of its board of directors which may exercise
all such powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are
not by statute or by the certificate of incorporation or by these bylaws
directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
3.4 Place of Meetings: The board of directors of the corporation may
hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of
Delaware.
3.5 First Meeting: The first meeting of each newly elected board of
directors shall be held at such time and place as shall be fixed by the vote of
the stockholders at the annual meeting and no notice of such meeting shall be
necessary to the newly elected directors in order legally to constitute the
meeting, provided a quorum shall be present. In the event of the failure of the
stockholders to fix the time or place of such first meeting of the newly elected
board of directors, or in the event such meeting is not held at the time and
place so fixed by the stockholders, the meeting may be held at such time and
place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for
special meetings of the board of directors or as shall be specified in a written
waiver signed by all of the directors.
3.6 Regular Meetings: Regular meetings of the board of directors may
beheld without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time
be determined by the board.
3.7 Special Meetings: Special meetings of the board may be called by
the president without notice to each director; special meetings shall be called
by the president or secretary in like manner and on like notice on the written
request of two directors unless the board consists of only one director; in
which case special meetings shall be called by the president or secretary in
like manner and on like notice on the written request of the sole director.
3.8 Quorum; Vote Necessary: At all meetings of the board, a majority of
the directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the
act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a
quorum shall be the act of the board of directors, except as may be otherwise
specifically provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation. If a
quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the board of directors the
directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without
notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
3.9 Action Without Meeting: Unless otherwise restricted by the
certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, any action required or permitted
to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or of any committee thereof
may betaken without a meeting, if all members of the board or committee, as the
case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed
with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.
3.10 Telephonic Communications: Unless otherwise restricted by the
certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, members of the board of directors,
or any committee designated by the board of directors, may participate in a
meeting of the board of directors, or any committee, by means of conference
telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons
participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a
meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
3.11 Committees of Directors: The board of directors may, by resolution
passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees,
including a Management Committee, each committee to consist of one or more of
the directors of the corporation. The board may designate one or more directors
as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or
disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or
they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of
directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified
member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the
board of directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of
the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the
corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all
papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or
authority in reference to amending the certificate of incorporation, adopting an
agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale,
lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the corporation's property and
assets, recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the corporation or a
revocation of a dissolution, or amending the bylaws of the corporation; and,
unless the resolution or the certificate of incorporation expressly so provide,
no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to
authorize the issuance of stock. Such committee or committees shall have such
name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by
the board of directors.
3.12 Minute of Committees: Each committee shall keep regular minutes of
its meetings and report the same to the board of directors when required.
3.13 Compensation of Directors: Unless otherwise restricted by the
certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, the board of directors shall have
the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid
their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the board of directors
and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the board of
directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any
director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving
compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed
like compensation for attending committee meetings.
3.14 Removal of Directors: Unless otherwise restricted by the
certificate of incorporation or by law, any director or the entire board of
directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of
shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.
ARTICLE IV
NOTICES
4.1 Form: Whenever, under the provisions of the statutes or of the
certificate of incorporation or of these bylaws, notice is required to be given
to any director or stockholder, it shall not be construed to mean personal
notice, but such notice may be given in writing, by mail, addressed to such
director or stockholder, at his address as it appears on the records of the
corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be
given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail.
Notice to directors may also be given by telegram.
4.2 Waiver: Whenever any notice is required to be given under the
provisions of the statutes or of the certificate of incorporation or of these
bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to
said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent thereto.
ARTICLE V
ARTICLE V OFFICERS
5.1 Officers Required: The officers of the corporation shall be chosen
by the board of directors and shall be a chairman of the board, a president, a
chief financial officer/treasurer and a secretary. The board of directors may
also choose one or more vice-presidents, and one or more assistant secretaries
and assistant treasurers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person,
unless the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws otherwise provide.
5.2 Election by Directors: The board of directors at its first meeting
after each annual meeting of stockholders shall choose a chairman of the board,
a president, chief financial officer/treasurer and a secretary.
5.3 Other Officers: The board of directors may appoint such other
officers and agents as it shall deem necessary who shall hold their offices for
such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be
determined from time to time by the board.
5.4 Salaries: The salaries of all officers and agents of the
corporation shall be fixed by the board of directors.
5.5 Term; Removal; Vacancy: The officers of the corporation shall hold
office until their successors are chosen and qualify. Any officer elected or
appointed by the board of directors may be removed at any time by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the board of directors. Any vacancy occurring
in any office of the corporation shall be filled by the board of directors.
5.6 Chairman of the Board: The chairman of the board, who shall be
chosen by and from among the directors, shall (when present) preside at all
meetings of the board of directors and shareholders, and shall ensure that all
orders and resolutions of the board of directors and shareholders are carried
into effect. The chairman of the board shall keep himself informed of the
affairs of the corporation, shall advise and counsel with the president, and, in
the president's absence, with other officers of the corporation and shall
perform such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the
board of directors.
5.7 President: The president shall be the chief executive officer of
the corporation, and shall have general and active management of the business of
the corporation. The president shall be a member of the board of directors, and
in the absence of the chairman of the board, shall preside at meetings of the
board and the stockholders. If there is no chairman of the board, the president
shall have the duties of the chairman of the board.
5.8 President's Execution of Contracts: The President shall execute
bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under the seal of the
corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed
and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be
expressly delegated by the board of directors to some other officer or agent of
the corporation.
5.9 Vice-President's Duties: In the absence of the president or in the
event of his inability or refusal to act, the vice-president (or in the event
there be more than one vice-president, any executive vice president, then any
senior vice president, then any vice president, in each case in the order of
their election) shall perform the duties of the president, and when so acting,
shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the
president. The vice-presidents shall perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.
5.10 Secretary's Duties: The secretary shall attend all meetings of the
board of directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the
proceedings of the meetings of the corporation and of the board of directors in
a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the
standing committees when required. He shall give, or cause to be given, notice
of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the board of
directors, and shall perform such other duties as maybe prescribed by the board
of directors or president, under whose supervision he shall be. He shall have
custody of the corporate seal of the corporation and he, or an assistant
secretary shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it
and when so affixed, it may be attested by his signature or by the signature of
such assistant secretary. The board of directors may give general authority to
any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the
affixing by his signature.
5.11 Assistant Secretary's Duties: the assistant secretary, or if there
be more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board
of directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their
election) shall, in the absence of the secretary or in the event of his
inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the
secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the
board of directors may from time to time prescribe.
5.12 Chief Financial Officer/Treasurer's General Duties: The chief
financial officer/treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and
securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and
disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all monies
and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation in
such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors.
5.13 Chief Financial Officer/Treasurer to Disburse Funds: He shall
disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of
directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to
the president and the board of directors, at its regular meetings, or when the
board of directors so requires, an account of all his transactions as chief
financial officer and of the financial condition of the corporation.
5.14 Chief Financial Officer/Treasurer's Bond: If required by the board
of directors, he shall give the corporation a bond (which shall be renewed every
six years) in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory
to the board of directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his
office and for the restoration to the corporation, in case of his death,
resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers,
money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control
belonging to the corporation.
5.15 Assistant Treasurer's Duties: The assistant treasurer, or if there
shall be more than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the
board of directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of
their election), shall, in the absence of the chief financial officer/treasurer
or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and
exercise the powers of the chief financial officer/treasurer and shall perform
such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors may from
time to time prescribe.
ARTICLE VI
6.1 Certificate of Stock: Every holder of stock in the corporation
shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the
corporation by, the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, or the
president or a vice-president and the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or
the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation, certifying the
number of shares owned by him in the corporation. Certificates may be issued for
partly paid shares and in such case upon the face or back of the certificates
issued to represent any such partly paid shares, the total amount of the
consideration to be paid therefor, and the amount paid thereon shall be
specified. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class
of stock, or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations,
preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of
each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or
restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or
summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall
issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as
otherwise provided in Section 202 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, in
lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back
of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or
series of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to
each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and
relative, participating, optional or other special rights or each class of stock
or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such
preferences and/or rights.
6.2 Signatures: Any of or all the signatures on the certificate may be
facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or
whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased
to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is
issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were
such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
6.3 Lost Certificates: The board of directors may direct a new
certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or
certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost,
stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person
claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When
authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the board of
directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance
thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or
certificates, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner
as it shall require and/or to give the corporation a bond in such sum as it may
direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation
with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
6.4 Transfer of Stock: Upon surrender to the corporation or the
transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or
accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to
transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to
the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the
transaction upon its books.
6.5 Fixing Record Date: In order that the corporation may determine the
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or
any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in
respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any
other lawful action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date,
which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of
such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A
determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a
meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided,
however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned
meeting.
6.6 Registered Stockholders: The corporation shall be entitled to
recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner
of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable
for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of
shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or
interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not
it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by
the laws of Delaware.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
7.1 Dividends: Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation,
subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if any, may be
declared by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant
to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital
stock, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation.
7.2 Reserves: Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside
out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as
the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a
reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for
repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other
purpose as the directors shall think conducive to the interest of the
corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the
manner in which it was created.
7.3 Annual Statement: The board of directors shall present at each
annual meeting, and at any special meeting of the stockholders when called for
by vote of the stockholders, a full and clear statement of the business and
condition of the corporation.
7.4 Checks: All checks or demands for money and notes of the
corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or
persons as the board of directors may from time to time designate.
7.5 Fiscal Year: The fiscal year of the corporation shall be determined by
the Board of Directors.
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7.6 Seal: The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of
the corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal,
Delaware." The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be
impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
ARTICLE VIII
INDEMNIFICATION
8.1 Actions By Third Parties: The corporation shall indemnify any
person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any
threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the
right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director,
officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the
request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against
expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in
settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such
action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no
reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any
action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a
plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a
presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had
reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
8.2 Actions By or In the Right of the Corporation: The corporation
shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a
party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right
of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that
he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or
was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee
or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably
incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or
suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in
or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no
indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to
which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or
misconduct in the performance of his duty to the corporation unless and only to
the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit
was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of
liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is
fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of
Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
8.3 Expenses of Successful Defense: To the extent that a director,
officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or
otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in
Sections8.l and 8.2 of these bylaws, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter
therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees)
actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith.
8.4 Determination That Indemnification Is Proper: Any indemnification
under Sections 8.1 and 8.2 of these bylaws, (unless ordered by a court) shall be
made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a
determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent
is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of
conduct set forth in Sections 8.1 and 8.2 of these bylaws. Such determination
shall be made (l) by the board of directors by a majority vote of a quorum
consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding,
or (2) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of
disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written
opinion, or (3) by the stockholders.
8.5 Advances: Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal
action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the corporation in advance of the
final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding as authorized by the board
of directors in the specific case upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf
of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount unless it shall
ultimately be determined that he is entitled to be indemnified by the
corporation as authorized in this section.
8.6 Provisions Not Exclusive: The indemnification provided by this
Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those
seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of
stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his
official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such
office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director,
officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs,
executors and administrators of such a person.
8.7 Insurance: The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on
behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him
and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such,
whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him against
such liability under the provisions of this Article VIII.
8.8 Constituent Corporation: For purposes of this Article VIII,
references to "the corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting
corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a
constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate
existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify the
directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or
was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director,
officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions
of this Article VIII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as
he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate
existence had continued.
8.9 Other Enterprises; Fines; Services: For purposes of this Article
VIII, references to "other enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans;
references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with
respect to any employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request
of the corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee
or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by,
such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit
plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith
and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants
and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a
manner "not opposed to the best interest of the corporation" as referred to in
this Article VIII.
8.10 Continuation of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses: The
indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to,
this Article VIII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified,
continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or
agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators
of such a person.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS
9.1 Amendments by Stockholders or Directors: These bylaws may be
altered, amended or repealed or new bylaws may be adopted by the stockholders or
by the board of directors, when such power is conferred upon the board of
directors by the certificate of incorporation at any regular meeting of the
stockholders or of the board of directors or at any special meeting of the
stockholders or of the board of directors if notice of such alteration,
amendment, repeal or adoption of new bylaws be contained in the notice of such
special meeting. If the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws is conferred upon
the board of directors by the certificate of incorporation it shall not divest
or limit the power of the stockholders to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws.