U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Amendment No. 2
FORM 10-K/A
[X] ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the year ended December 31, 1998
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 33-2262-A
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
-----------------------------
(exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 59-2646820
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization) Identification No.)
1250 East Hallandale Beach Blvd., Suite 501, Hallandale, Florida 33009
(954) 458-7636
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(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code; Telephone Number Including
Area Code)
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None
Check whether the issuer (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2)
has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No ___
Check if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation
S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the
Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K.[X]
Based on the average bid and asked price of the Common Stock on the OTC
Bulletin Board on March 18, 1999, $0.22, the aggregate market value of the
voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was $46,131,151. Shares of
Common Stock held by each officer and director and by each person known by the
Registrant to own 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded
in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of
affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other
purposes.
The number of shares outstanding of Registrant's Common Stock, $0.0001 par
value, was 301,340,183 on March 31, 1999.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: None.
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
FORM 10-K/A
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
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PART I............................................................................................................1
Item 1. Business........................................................................................1
Item 2. Description of Property.........................................................................9
Item 3. Legal Proceedings...............................................................................9
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.............................................9
PART II..........................................................................................................10
Item 5. Market For Common Equity And Related Stockholder Matters.......................................10
Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data..........................................................11
Item 7. Management's Discussion And Analysis of Financial Condition
And Results of Operations......................................................................13
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Item 8. Financial Statements...........................................................................22
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Item 9. Changes in And Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting
And Financial Disclosure.......................................................................22
PART III ........................................................................................................22
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, Promoters and Control Persons;
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act..............................................22
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Item 11. Executive Compensation.........................................................................23
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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.................................29
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Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.................................................30
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Item 14. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-k...............................................................30
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Advanced Viral was formed in July 1985 to engage in the production and
marketing, promotion and sale of a pharmaceutical drug with the trade name
"Reticulose." Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended in
1962, the FDA classified Reticulose as a "new drug" requiring FDA approval prior
to any sale in the United States. Reticulose has not been approved for sale or
use by the FDA or any foreign government body, and thus we have not as yet
commenced any commercial operations. We are dependent on registration and/or
approval by applicable regulatory authorities of Reticulose in order to commence
commercial operations.
Our operations over the last five years have been limited principally
to engaging in research, in vitro testing and analysis of Reticulose in the
United States, and engaging others to perform testing and analysis of Reticulose
on human patients overseas. The FDA has not approved human clinical trials for
Reticulose in the United States. We may be required, in the absence of grants or
other subsidies, to bear the expenses of the first phase of human clinical
trials to the extent the FDA permits human clinical trials to occur. We do not
know what the actual cost of such trials would be. If we need additional
financing to fund such human clinical trials, it may not be available to us,
which may force us to reduce our operations.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
The FDA imposes substantial requirements upon and conditions precedent
to the introduction of therapeutic drug products, such as Reticulose, through
lengthy and detailed laboratory and clinical testing procedures, sampling
activities and other costly and time consuming procedures to demonstrate that
such products are both safe and effective in treating the indications for which
approval is sought. After testing in animals, an IND application must be filed
with the FDA to obtain authorization for human testing. When the clinical
testing has been completed and analyzed, final manufacturing processes and
procedures are in place, and certain other required information is available to
the manufacturer, a manufacturer may submit a new drug application, or NDA, to
the FDA. No action can be taken to market Reticulose, or any therapeutic drug
product, in the United States until an appropriate NDA has been approved by the
FDA.
The IND process in the United States is governed by regulations
established by the FDA which strictly control the use and distribution of
investigational drugs in the United States. The guidelines require that an
application contain sufficient information to justify administering the drug to
humans, that the application include relevant information on the chemistry,
pharmacology and toxicology of the drug derived from chemical, laboratory and
animal or in vitro testing, and that a protocol be provided for the initial
study of the new drug to be conducted on humans.
1
In order to conduct a clinical trial of a new drug in humans, a sponsor
must prepare and submit to the FDA a comprehensive IND. The focal point of the
IND is a description of the overall plan for investigating the drug product and
a comprehensive protocol for each planned study. The plan is carried out in
three phases: phase I clinical trials, which involve the administration of the
drug to a small number of healthy subjects to determine safety, tolerance,
absorption and metabolism characteristics; phase II clinical trials, which
involve the administration of the drug to a limited number of patients for a
specific disease to determine dose response, efficacy and safety; and phase III
clinical trials, which involve the study of the drug to gain confirmatory
evidence of efficacy and safety from a wide base of investigators and patients.
The initial IND may cover only phase I.
An investigator's brochure must be included in the IND and the IND must
commit the sponsor to obtain initial and continual review and approval of the
clinical investigation. A section describing the composition, manufacture and
control of the drug substance and the drug product is included in the IND.
Sufficient information is required to be submitted to assure the proper
identification, quality, purity and strength of the investigational drug. A
description of the drug substance, including its physical, chemical, and
biological characteristics, must also be included in the IND. The general method
of preparation of the drug substance must be included. A list of all components
including inactive ingredients must also be submitted. There must be adequate
information about pharmacological and toxicological studies of the drug
involving laboratory animals or in vitro tests on the basis of which the sponsor
has concluded that it is reasonably safe to conduct the proposed clinical
investigation. Where there has been widespread use of the drug outside of the
United States or otherwise, it is possible in some limited circumstances to use
well documented clinical experience as a substitute for other pre-clinical work.
After the FDA approves the IND or allows it to become effective, the
investigation is permitted to proceed, during which the sponsor must keep the
FDA informed of new studies, including animal studies, make progress reports on
the study or studies covered by the IND, and also be responsible for alerting
FDA and clinical investigators immediately of unforeseen serious side effects or
injuries.
When the clinical testing has been completed and analyzed, final
manufacturing processes and procedures are in place, and certain other required
information is available to the manufacturer, a manufacturer may submit an NDA
to the FDA. An NDA must be approved by the FDA covering the drug before its
manufacturer can commence commercial distribution of the drug. The NDA contains
a section describing the clinical investigations of the drug which section
includes, among other things, the following: a description and analysis of each
clinical pharmacology study of the drug; a description and analysis of each
controlled clinical study pertinent to a proposed use of the drug; a description
of each uncontrolled clinical study including a summary of the results and a
brief statement explaining why the study is classified as uncontrolled; and a
description and analysis of any other data or information relevant to an
evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of the drug product obtained or
otherwise received by the applicant from any source foreign or domestic. The NDA
also includes an integrated summary of all available information about the
safety of the drug product including pertinent animal and other laboratory data,
demonstrated or potential adverse effects of the drug, including clinically
significant potential adverse effects of administration of the drug
contemporaneously with the administration of other drugs and other related
drugs. A section
2
is included describing the statistical controlled clinical study and the
documentation and supporting statistical analysis used in evaluating the
controlled clinical studies.
Another section of the NDA describes the data concerning the action of
a drug in the human body over a period of time and data concerning the extent of
drug absorption in the human body or information supporting a waiver of the
submission of such data. Also included in the NDA is a section describing the
composition, manufacture and specification of the drug substance including the
following: a full description of the drug substance, its physical and chemical
characteristics; its stability; the process controls used during manufacture and
packaging; and such specifications and analytical methods as are necessary to
assure the identity, strength, quality and purity of the drug substance as well
as the bioavailability of the drug products made from the substance. NDA's
contain lists of all components used in the manufacture of the drug product and
a statement of the specifications and analytical methods for each component.
Also included are studies of the toxicological actions of the drug as they
relate to the drug's intended uses.
The data in the NDA must establish that the drug has been shown to be
safe for use under its proposed labeling conditions and that there is
substantial evidence that the drug is effective for its proposed use(s).
Substantial evidence is defined by statute and FDA regulation to mean evidence
consisting of adequate and well-controlled investigations, including clinical
investigations by experts qualified by scientific training and experience, to
evaluate the effectiveness of the drug involved.
On September 20, 1984, Bernard Friedland, our former President and
current Chairman of the Board, as sponsor, submitted to the FDA an IND to
conduct a study testing the effectiveness of Reticulose on human subjects with
AIDS, as well as certain other viruses. The FDA has issued four letters of
deficiency with regard to the IND. In a letter dated November 29, 1984, the FDA
indicated, among other deficiencies noted, that the publications submitted with
the IND and relating to the effectiveness of Reticulose on virus related
diseases will not be accepted in support of the safety of Reticulose unless we
could establish that the proposed formulation of Reticulose is the same as the
formulation of Reticulose referenced in those publications. In addition, the FDA
required, among other things, that an IND application include relevant
information on the chemistry, laboratory and animal controls to assure the
integrity of the dosage form and that safety information be provided for the
initial study proposed to be conducted on humans. The FDA also required that the
information assure the proper identification, quality, purity and strength of
Reticulose and a description of the physical, chemical and microbiological
characteristics of Reticulose. On September 11, 1987, we received a further
deficiency letter from the FDA, stating that no data had been submitted
supporting in vitro anti-HIV activity or any criterion for a biological response
modifier.
On March 6, 1992, we submitted an amendment to the IND which attempted
to address the FDA's concerns. In response to the March 1992 submission, we
received a third deficiency letter from the FDA dated July 27, 1992, which
provided detailed comments with respect to chemistry, toxicology, microbiology
and clinical areas requiring further studies and action on our part. In June
1995, we received further correspondence from the FDA which stated, among other
things, that our prior submissions to the FDA did not provide an adequate
response to the FDA's earlier request for preclinical information and
accordingly our IND was "inactivated."
3
We have not formally responded to the 1992 deficiency letters or the
1995 deficiency letter, nor have any of the studies cited in those letters been
undertaken. In February 1998, we contracted with GloboMax LLC of Hanover,
Maryland to advise and assist us in our preparation of a new IND to be filed
with the FDA, and to otherwise guide us through the FDA process with the
objective of obtaining full approval for Reticulose in the United States.
Pursuant to the agreement with GloboMax LLC, we are obligated to pay for
services on an hourly basis, at prescribed rates. We currently do not have the
resources necessary to complete the FDA approval process. We may allocate
certain proceeds from the exercise of currently outstanding options and warrants
for the purpose of filing a new IND with the FDA, however, such proceeds, if
any, will not be sufficient to improve our financial condition to any great
degree. It is possible that the new IND for clinical tests of Reticulose on
humans, if submitted, will not be approved by the FDA for human clinical trials
on AIDS or other diseases, and that any tests previously conducted or to be
conducted will not satisfy FDA requirements. It is also possible that the
results of such human clinical trials, if performed, will not prove that
Reticulose is safe or effective in the treatment of AIDS or other diseases, or
that the FDA will not approve the sale of Reticulose in the United States if we
submitted a proper NDA. It is not known at this time how extensive the phase II
and phase III clinical trials will be, if they are conducted. The data generated
may not show that the drug Reticulose is safe and effective, and even if the
data shows that Reticulose is safe and effective, obtaining approval of the NDA
could take years and require financing of amounts not presently available to us.
In connection with our activities outside the United States, we are
also subject to regulatory requirements governing the testing, approval,
manufacture, labeling, marketing and sale of pharmaceutical and diagnostic
products, which requirements vary from country to country. Government regulation
in certain countries may delay marketing of Reticulose for a considerable period
of time and impose costly procedures upon our activities. The extent of
potentially adverse government regulations which might arise from future
legislation or administrative action cannot be predicted. Whether or not FDA
approval has been obtained for a product, approval of the product by comparable
regulatory authorities of foreign countries must be obtained prior to marketing
the product in those countries. The approval process may be more or less
rigorous from country to country, and the time required for approval may be
longer or shorter than that required in the United States. Clinical studies
conducted outside of any country may not be accepted by such country, and the
approval of any pharmaceutical or diagnostic product in one country does not
assure that such product will be approved in another country. Accordingly, until
registration is granted, if ever, in the United States or another developed or
developing country, we do not expect that we will be able to generate material
sales revenues. We received a grant of authority from the Bahamian Port
Authority on October 15, 1992 confirming the right of our subsidiary, Advance
Viral Research, Ltd., a Bahamian corporation, to carry on the manufacture and
export sale of ethical pharmaceutical products. See "-Marketing And Sales."
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING
For the period from inception (February 20, 1984) through December 31,
1998 we expended approximately $3.6 million on testing and research and
development activities either in our laboratories or pursuant to various testing
agreements with both domestic and foreign companies. In 1995, we retained Shalom
Hirschman as our President. As President, Dr. Hirschman established
4
our research facility in Yonkers, New York, monitored the testing of Reticulose
and recently performed analyses of Reticulose with our laboratory personnel,
which analyses we believe may be used in connection with the FDA approval
process. We currently are funding research and testing to:
o determine the safety of the topical use of Reticulose on animals
and cultured human cells;
o assess the effectiveness of the topical application of Reticulose
on HPV and certain cancer causing proteins of HPV. Recent
laboratory testing has indicated that Reticulose may inhibit the
expression of a protein of HPV which causes cervical cancer.
o assess the effectiveness of Reticulose for the treatment of
persons diagnosed with HIV or AIDS and HPV;
o assess the effectiveness of the topical application of Reticulose
for the treatment of persons diagnosed with herpes
labialis/genital infections;
o compare the results of treatment of persons diagnosed with AIDS
taking a three drug cocktail and Reticulose with those taking a
three drug cocktail and a placebo;
o determine the effectiveness of Reticulose for the treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis in humans;
o study the effects of Reticulose in inhibiting the mutation of the
AIDS virus in humans; and
o study the basic molecular mechanisms of Reticulose with respect to
transcription of the gamma interferon gene, immune responses, and
anti-tumor activity.
Our studies detailing the results of the above research and testing may
not positively impact the FDA's decision to approve a new IND for Reticulose or
approve of the marketing, sales or distribution of Reticulose within the United
States, and as a result may not improve our chances of gaining approval for the
marketing, sales or distribution of Reticulose anywhere in the world.
MARKETING AND SALES
Except for limited sales of Reticulose for testing and other purposes,
Reticulose is not sold commercially anywhere in the world. As of the date of
this prospectus, our efforts or the efforts of any of our representatives have
produced no material benefits to us regarding our ability to have Reticulose
sold commercially anywhere in the world. We have entered into exclusive
distribution agreements with five separate entities granting exclusive rights to
distribute Reticulose in the countries of China, Japan, Hong Kong, Macao,
Taiwan, Mexico, Channel Islands, Isle of Man, British West Indies, Jamaica,
Haiti, Bermuda, Belize, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay,
Brazil and Chile. Pursuant to these agreements, the distributors are obligated
to cause Reticulose to be approved for commercial sale in such countries and
upon such approval, to purchase
5
from us certain minimum quantities of Reticulose to maintain the exclusive
distribution rights. Our marketing plans for Reticulose are still dependent upon
registration of Reticulose for sale in the various jurisdictions where our
distributors are seeking approvals.
To date we have received no information that would lead us to believe
that we will be positioned to sell Reticulose commercially anywhere in the world
in the immediate future, and it is possible that none of our distributors will
ever secure registration of Reticulose. To date, the only application for
registration of Reticulose which has been filed is an application requesting
that Reticulose be permitted to be sold in Argentina, which was filed in March
1998. The completion of this application to secure approval to sell Reticulose
in Argentina is dependent upon the results of a test requested by the government
of Argentina which will demonstrate the effect of Reticulose on certain animals.
We initially targeted our sales and marketing efforts to those countries where
Reticulose was previously marketed by its prior owners for a number of years as
an anti-viral agent in the treatment of Asian influenza, viral pneumonia, viral
infectious hepatitis, mumps, encephalitis, herpes simplex and herpes zoster.
Those countries included Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan, the Philippines
and Malta. Registration of Reticulose will be required in such countries as well
as in the other countries comprising the distributors' territories before any
significant sales may begin. The registration of Reticulose for sale in these
countries has been frustrated due to our inability to obtain the registration
and approval to sell Reticulose in the Bahamas, the country of origin, and a
general lack of published data on the effectiveness of Reticulose. Until
Reticulose is registered and approved for sale in the United States, in another
developed country or in the other countries included in the distributors'
territories, we will not generate any material sales of Reticulose. For the
years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, we reported no commercial sales
except limited sales for testing purposes ($656, $2,278, and $24,111,
respectively). Reticulose is not legally available for commercial sale anywhere
in the world, except for testing purposes. See "-Research, Development and
Testing."
By letter dated February 13, 1996, our subsidiary in the Bahamas,
Advance Viral Research, Ltd., was notified that the National Economic Council of
the Bahamas had refused our subsidiary's request for a "free sales certificate"
for Reticulose. A free sales certificate is a document typically issued by a
country in which a pharmaceutical product is manufactured which certifies that
such country permits the "free sale" of such product in such country. Most
countries require that a pharmaceutical product be at least registered and
certified for free sale in the country in which it is manufactured before
allowing the registration of such product for use in that country. However, the
Bahamas has no procedures currently in place to issue a "free sales certificate"
for any therapeutic drug, including Reticulose. If we do not obtain a free sales
certificate or other equivalent document from the Bahamas or another country, or
if we do not receive FDA approval, it is possible that we will not be able to
meet registration requirements in the countries which require that a
pharmaceutical product be at least registered and certified for free sale in the
country in which it is manufactured.
COMPETITION
The pharmaceutical drug industry is highly competitive and rapidly
changing. If we ever successfully develop Reticulose, it will compete with
numerous existing therapies. In addition, many
6
companies are pursuing novel drugs that target the same diseases we are
targeting with Reticulose. We believe that a significant number of drugs are
currently under development and will become available in the future for the
treatment of HIV, HPV, hepatitis and other viruses. We anticipate that we will
face intense and increasing competition as new products enter the market and
advanced technologies become available. Our competitors' products may be more
effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than Reticulose. Competitive
products may render Reticulose obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover
the expenses of developing and commercializing Reticulose. Furthermore, the
development of a cure or new treatment methods for the diseases we are targeting
could render Reticulose noncompetitive, obsolete or uneconomical. Many of our
competitors:
o have significantly greater financial, technical and human
resources than we have and may be better equipped to develop,
manufacture and market products,
o have extensive experience in preclinical testing and clinical
trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and manufacturing and
marketing pharmaceutical products,
o have products that have been approved or are in late stage
development and operate large, well-funded research and
development programs.
A number of therapeutics are currently marketed or are in advanced
stages of clinical development for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS,
including several products currently marketed as part of a "cocktail" in the
United States. We believe Reticulose should be added to such cocktails in order
to enhance their effectiveness. Among the companies with significant commercial
presence in the AIDS market are Glaxo Wellcome, Bristol-Myers Squibb,
Hoffmann-La Roche, Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co. and DuPont Pharma. In
addition, Glaxo Wellcome, in collaboration with Biochem Pharma, is pursuing
development of Lamivudine, a nucleoside analogue to treat hepatitis B infection.
This compound was recently approved for marketing in the United States, China
and several other countries and represents significant potential competition for
Reticulose as a treatment for hepatitis B.
Several therapeutics are currently marketed or are in advanced stages
of clinical development for the treatment of HPV. Schering Plough Corp.
manufactures Intron A, an injectable interferon product approved by the FDA for
the treatment of HPV. 3M Pharmaceuticals received FDA approval for its
immune-response modifier, Aldara(R), a self-administered topical cream, for the
treatment of HPV. Reticulose, if approved for commercial sale by the FDA, would
also compete with surgical, chemical, and other methods of treating HPV.
Products developed by our competitors or advances in other methods of the
treatment of HPV may have a negative impact on the commercial viability of
Reticulose.
Several products are currently marketed or are in advanced stages of
clinical development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunex Corp.'s
product Enbrel, a biologic response modifier, was approved by the FDA in
November 1998 for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis.
Centocor Inc. is developing a monoclonal antibody known as Remicade, an
anti-inflammatory agent that has completed phase III trials in rheumatoid
arthritis. The FDA approved Remicade for treatment of Crohn's disease in August
1998. Centocor filed for FDA
7
approval of an expanded indication for Remicade for rheumatoid arthritis in
January 1999. These products represent significant competition for Reticulose as
a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Three antiviral products are presently sold in the United States for
the treatment of recurrent genital herpes: Zovirax(R) (manufactured by Glaxo
Wellcome Inc.) which contains acyclovir and is administered orally, topically,
or intravenously, Famvir(R) (manufactured by SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals)
which contains famcyclovir and is administered orally, and Valtrex(R)
(manufactured by Glaxo Wellcome, Inc.) which contains valacyclovir and is also
administered orally. These products represent significant competition for
Reticulose as a treatment for genital herpes.
Other small companies may also prove to be significant competitors,
particularly through collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies. Academic institutions, governmental agencies and other
public and private research organizations are also becoming increasingly aware
of the commercial value of their inventions and are more actively seeking to
commercialize the technology they have developed.
If we successfully develop and obtain approval for Reticulose, we will
face competition based on the safety and effectiveness of Reticulose, the timing
and scope of regulatory approvals, the availability of supply, marketing and
sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price, patent position and other
factors. Our competitors may develop or commercialize more effective or more
affordable products, or obtain more effective patent protection, than we do.
Accordingly, our competitors may commercialize products more rapidly or
effectively than we do, which could hurt our competitive position and adversely
affect our business. If and when we obtain FDA approval for Reticulose, we
expect to compete primarily on the basis of product performance and price with a
number of pharmaceutical companies, both in the United States and abroad.
EMPLOYEES
We have 25 full-time employees, consisting of our three executive
officers, 18 employees involved in research, and four administrative employees.
Dr. Hirschman, our President and Chief Executive Officer and a director, Bernard
Friedland, our Chairman of the Board and a director, and William Bregman, our
Secretary, Treasurer and a director, each devote all of their business time to
our day-to-day business operations.
Additionally, we may hire, as and when needed, and as available, such
sales and technical support staff and consultants for specific projects on a
contract basis. See "Management --Employment Contracts, Termination of
Employment and Change-in-Control Arrangements."
8
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
The Company leases approximately 6,100 square feet for executive
offices, including research laboratory space, at 200 Corporate Boulevard South,
Yonkers, New York from an unaffiliated third party (the "Yonkers Lease"). The
term of the Yonkers Lease is five years through April 2002 and the Company's
annual rental obligation under the Yonkers Lease is approximately $85,500.
The Company currently maintains corporate offices at 1250 East
Hallandale Beach Boulevard, Hallandale, Florida 33009, pursuant to a three year
lease agreement, at approximately $14,000 annually. The Bahamian manufacturing
facility, which was acquired on December 16, 1987, is located in Freeport,
Bahamas and consists of a 29,242 square foot site containing a one-story
concrete building of approximately 7,300 square feet and is equipped for all
phases of the testing, production, and packaging of Reticulose. The Bahamian
facility is currently being used to store and produce inventory for testing
purposes.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is not currently a party to any material litigation, nor,
to the knowledge of management, is any such litigation currently threatened.
During 1989, the Commission conducted an informal inquiry into certain
of the Company's prior disclosure documents, including its original prospectus,
press releases and annual reports. On December 14, 1989, the Commission, as
plaintiff, filed a civil complaint-for permanent injunction and other equitable
relief (the "Complaint") in the United States District Court, Southern District
of Florida, Miami Division, against the Company, its then President, Bernard
Friedland, and its then Secretary-Treasurer, William Bregman. The Complaint, a
copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K
dated December 14, 1989 which was filed with the Commission (the "December 1989
Form 8-K"), alleged violations of Sections 5(b)(2) and 17(a) of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), Sections l0(b) and 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and Rules
l0b-5, 12b-20, 15d-1 and 15d-13 promulgated thereunder.
The Company, Bernard Friedland and William Bregman each, without
admitting or denying the allegations of the Complaint, consented to the entry of
an injunction. Copies of the consents of the Company, Bernard Friedland and
William Bregman are filed as exhibits to the December 1989 Form 8-K. A permanent
injunction was entered in form and also attached as an exhibit to the December
1989 Form 8-K.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998,
no matters were submitted to a vote of security holders of the Company.
9
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
COMMON STOCK
The principal United States market in which our common stock is traded
is the over-the-counter market. The following table shows the range of reported
low bid and high bid quotations for our common stock for each full quarterly
period during the two recent fiscal years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, and
for the first quarter of 1999, as reported on the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc.'s OTC Bulletin Board. The high and low bid prices for
the periods indicated reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up,
mark-down or commission and may not represent actual transactions.
Low Bid High Bid
(per share) (per share)
----------- -----------
First Quarter 1997..........................................0.26 0.47
Second Quarter 1997.........................................0.16 0.31
Third Quarter 1997..........................................0.15 0.33
Fourth Quarter 1997.........................................0.175 0.345
First Quarter 1998..........................................0.18 0.4375
Second Quarter 1998.........................................0.245 0.46
Third Quarter 1998..........................................0.16 0.30
Fourth Quarter 1998.........................................0.155 0.23
First Quarter 1999..........................................0.175 0.35
SHAREHOLDERS
The approximate number of holders of record of the Common stock as of
the date of this report is 2,768 inclusive of those brokerage firms and/or
clearing houses holding shares of common stock for their clientele (with each
such brokerage house and/or clearing house being considered as one holder).
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have not declared or paid any dividends on our shares of common
stock. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, that may be generated from
our operations to finance our future operations and expansion and do not plan
for the reasonably foreseeable future to pay dividends to holders of our common
stock. Any decision as to the future payment of dividends will depend on our
results of operations and financial position and such other factors as our board
of directors in its discretion deems relevant.
10
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected historical financial data as of and for the
years ended December 31, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998 and the six months
ended June 30, 1999 have been derived from our audited financial statements. The
selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read along with
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and the financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in
this report
Selected Statement of Operations Data
-------------------------------------
Years Ended December 31
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
------ ------ ------ ------ -----
Revenues:
Sales $22,402 $27,328 $24,111 $2,278 $656
Interest 7,450 16,155 46,796 111,845 102,043
Other Income 55,000 25,000 32,000 7,800 293
------------ ------------- -------------- ------------ -----------
84,852 68,483 102,907 121,923 102,992
Costs and Expenses:
Research and Development 30,040 34,931 255,660 817,603 1,659,456
General and Administrative 478,984 420,757 983,256 1,681,436 1,420,427
Depreciation 16,665 14,679 18,731 26,288 110,120
Interest -- -- -- 1,738,325 1,470,699
------------ ------------- -------------- ------------ -----------
525,689 470,367 1,257,647 4,263,652 4,660,702
------------ ------------- -------------- ------------ -----------
Net Loss ($440,837) ($401,884) ($1,154,740) ($4,141,729) ($4,557,710)
============ ============= ============== ============ ===========
Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock - Basic an
Diluted $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 ($0.02) ($0.02)
============ ============= ============== ============ ===========
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares
Outstanding 238,354,491 248,002,608 257,645,815 274,534,277 294,809,073
============ ============= ============== ============ ===========
- --------------------------------
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
11
Selected Balance Sheet Data
---------------------------
December 31
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
------ ------ ------ ------ -----
Assets:
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $211,203 $65,230 $61,396 $236,059 $924,420
Investments 5,000 479,000 1,378,841 2,984,902 821,047
Inventory --- 18,091 19,729 19,729 19,729
Other current assets 10,163 12,967 16,081 20,240 29,818
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total current assets 226,366 575,288 1,476,047 3,260,930 1,795,014
Property and Equipment 224,098 214,494 207,209 485,661 1,049,593
Other Assets 1,800 6,459 33,544 443,251 460,346
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total assets $452,264 $796,241 $1,716,800 $4,189,842 $3,304,953
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and other $40,244 $14,651 $54,474 $375,606 $279,024
Capital lease payable-current portion --- --- --- --- 38,355
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total current liabilities 40,244 14,651 54,474 375,606 317,379
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Long-Term Debt:
Convertible debenture, net --- --- -- 2,384,793 1,457,919
Capital lease payable-long term portion --- --- --- --- 167,380
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total Long-Term Debt --- --- --- 2,384,793 1,625,299
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Deposit on securities purchase agreement --- --- --- --- 600,000
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Deposit on exercise of options --- --- --- --- ---
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock, 1,000,000,000 shares 2,416 2,512 2,671 2,779 2,964
of par value $0.00001 authorized, 301,340,183
and 296,422,907 shares issued and outstanding
Additional paid-in capital 3,704,517 4,475,875 7,003,351 10,512,767 14,325,076
Subscription receivable --- --- (19,000) (19,000) ---
Deficit accumulated during the development (3,294,913) (3,696,797) (4,851,537) (8,993,266) (13,550,976)
stage
Deferred compensation cost ---- --- (473,159) (73,837) (14,769)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total stockholders' equity 412,020 781,590 1,662,326 1,429,443 762,295
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $452,264 $796,241 $1,716,800 $4,189,842 $3,304,953
============ ============ ============ ============ ============
Shares outstanding at period end 241,616,991 251,181,774 267,031,058 277,962,574 296,422,907
============ ============ ============ ============ ============
- ---------------------
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
12
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction
with the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and the related Notes to
Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K/A. Certain amounts in the 1998 financial statements have been
reclassified to conform to 1999 presentation. Specifically, certain expenses
were reclassified from general and administrative to research and development
expense and from depreciation and amortization to interest expense. In addition,
the beneficial conversion feature associated with the debenture issued in
connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 16, 1998
between Advanced Viral and RBB Bank has been charged to interest expense in its
entirety as of November 16, 1998, rather than being amortized.
OVERVIEW
Since our inception in July 1985, Advanced Viral Research Corp. has
been engaged primarily in research and development activities. We have not yet
generated significant operating revenues, and as of December 31, 1998 we had
incurred a cumulative net loss of $13,550,976. Our ability to generate
substantial operating revenue depends upon our success in gaining FDA approval
for the commercial use and distribution of Reticulose. All of our research and
development efforts have been devoted to the development of Reticulose.
In order to commence clinical trials for regulatory approval of
Reticulose in the United States, we must submit an IND with the FDA. Filings
with foreign regulatory agencies are required to continue or begin new clinical
trials outside the United States. We have recently contracted with GloboMax LLC
of Hanover, Maryland to assist us in our preparation and filing of the IND with
the FDA, and to otherwise assist us through the FDA process with the objective
of obtaining full approval for the manufacture and commercial distribution of
Reticulose in the United States. The IND will seek approval to conduct a study
testing the effectiveness of Reticulose on human subjects with AIDS and other
diseases. In the IND we intend to include, among other things:
o information on chemistry, laboratory and animal controls;
o safety information for the initial study proposed to be
conducted on humans; and
o information assuring the identification, quality and purity of
Reticulose and a description of the physical, chemical and
microbiological characteristics of Reticulose.
We believe that the IND will demonstrate the low rate of adverse
reactions occurring in the use of Reticulose as a treatment of AIDS and other
diseases, however, it is impossible to determine if or how much of the data from
any ongoing studies will be considered useful by the FDA in considering the IND
application, if it is ever filed. FDA approval to begin human clinical trials of
Reticulose pursuant to an approved IND will require significant cash
13
expenditures. Furthermore, Reticulose may never be approved for commercial
distribution by any country.
We plan to continue to provide funding for testing programs in our
laboratory and at selected universities, medical schools, laboratories and
hospitals, but the amount of research that will be conducted at those
institutions will depend upon our financial status. Because our research and
development expenses and clinical trial expenses will be charged against
earnings for financial reporting purposes, we expect that losses from operations
will continue to be incurred for the foreseeable future.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998, 1997 AND 1996
During the fiscal years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997, we incurred
losses of $4,557,710 and $4,141,729, respectively, compared to $1,154,740 in
1996. Our increased losses for the fiscal years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997
as compared with the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 were attributable
primarily to:
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative
expenses increased from $983,256 in 1996 to $1,681,436 and $1,420,427 in 1997
and 1998, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expense from
1996 to 1997 resulted from the amortization of deferred compensation costs of
approximately $400,000 associated with options granted to non-employees and
recorded as compensation expense in accordance with SFAS No. 123; and
approximately $325,000 for Dr. Hirschman's salary during his first full year as
President and Chief Executive Officer. The decrease in general and
administrative expense from 1997 to 1998 resulted from the amortization of
deferred compensation costs associated with options granted to non-employees and
recorded as compensation expense ($340,000), and also from the fact that 50% of
Dr. Hirschman's salary ($162,500) was accounted for as research and development
expense in 1998. Non-employee compensation expense for the years ended 1996,
1997 and 1998 was $60,000, $420,000 and $460,000, respectively. The rental and
operating costs associated with the Yonkers laboratory for the years ended 1996,
1997 and 1998 were charged to general and administrative expense as follows: $0,
$57,000 and $315,000.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSE. Research and development expense
increased from $255,660 in 1996, to $817,603 in 1997, to $1,659,456 in 1998, as
a result of approximately $500,000 in expenses associated with the Argentine
testing agreements in 1997 and 1998, and the increased expenses in 1998
associated with the opening and maintenance of the Yonkers, New York laboratory
associated with the employment of additional research professionals). The costs
of personnel and laboratory supplies associated with the Yonkers laboratory for
the years ended 1996, 1997 and 1998 were charged to research and development
expense as follows: $0, $60,000 and $634,000.
14
DEPRECIATION EXPENSE. Depreciation expense increased from $18,731 in
1996, $26,288 in1997 to $110,000 in 1998 as a result of the acquisition of
furniture and equipment for the Yonkers office and laboratory.
Interest Expense. Interest expense for the years ended 1996, 1997 and
1998 was approximately $0, $1,738,000 and $1,471,000, respectively. Included in
interest expense for these periods was:
o the beneficial conversion feature on certain convertible
debentures of approximately $0, $1,553,000 and $836,000 for
the years ended 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively;
o interest expense associated with certain convertible
debentures of approximately $0, $29,000 and $95,000 for the
years ended 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively;
o amortization of discount on certain warrants of approximately
$0, $44,000 and $291,000 for the years ended 1996, 1997 and
1998, respectively; and
o amortization of loan costs of approximately $0, $112,000 and
$230,000 for the years ended 1996, 1997 and 1998,
respectively.
SALES. There were $656 and $2,278 in sales revenues in 1998 and 1997,
respectively, compared to $24,111 in sales revenues for 1996. All sales revenues
resulted from distributors purchasing Reticulose for testing purposes. The
decrease in sales revenue from 1996 is due to the fact that in 1996, we sold
ampules of Reticulose outside the United States to independent organizations
solely for testing purposes. In 1997 and 1998, the majority of the research and
development was conducted by our laboratory personnel, accordingly, sales to
outside entities for testing purposes were nominal. Interest income was $102,043
and $111,845 in 1998 and 1997, respectively, compared to $46,796 in 1996. In
1998 and 1997, we collected $0 from the sale of territorial rights compared to
$32,000 in 1996.
LIQUIDITY
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1997
As of December 31, 1998, we had current assets of $1,795,014, compared
to $3,260,930 at December 31, 1997. We had total assets of $3,304,953 and
$4,189,842 at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The decrease in current
and total assets was primarily attributable to the use of investment capital to
fund increased operating expenditures.
During 1998, we used cash of $3,364,528 for operating activities, as
compared to $2,179,780 in 1997. During 1998, we:
15
o incurred non-cash expenses of approximately $230,000 and
$291,000, respectively, relating to amortization of loan costs
and discount on warrants relating to convertible debentures
issued in 1997 and 1998;
o incurred non-cash expenses of approximately $836,000 relating
to amortization of deferred interest associated with the
beneficial conversion feature of the 1997 and 1998 convertible
debentures;
o expended approximately $406,000 in professional and consulting
fees;
o expended approximately $210,000 in laboratory supplies;
o expended approximately $1,100,000 for payroll and related
costs;
During 1998, cash flows provided by investing and financing activities
was primarily due to the sales of investments which were available from the
proceeds of the issuance of the convertible debentures in 1997 and 1998
($1,300,000). In addition, we expended approximately $675,000 for leasehold
improvements and furniture and equipment at our Yonkers, New York office.
PROJECTED EXPENSES
During 1999, we expect to spend approximately $1,000,000 on research
and development related activities, including:
o approximately $300,000 in the preparation of the IND;
o approximately $325,000 in connection with laboratory research,
equipment, supplies and electronics;
o approximately $300,000 in overseas research of Reticulose; and
o approximately $75,000 in preparing the manufacturing facility
in the Bahamas for FDA inspection and in accordance with good
manufacturing practices standards.
Management anticipates that we will be required to sell additional
securities to obtain the funds necessary to further our research and development
activities.
Under the terms of an agreement with RBB entered in November 1998
pursuant to which RBB purchased a 7% convertible debenture and related warrants,
we are required to file with the Commission a registration statement to register
shares of the common stock issuable upon conversion of the convertible debenture
and upon exercise of the related warrants to allow the investors to resell such
common stock to the public. Because the registration statement was not declared
effective by the Commission on or before April 13, 1999, the RBB agreement
provides that we pay RBB a penalty equal to the sum of (x) $30,000 and (y)
$1,500 for each day lapsed
16
after such date, until the registration statement is declared effective by the
Commission, provided, however, that total penalties shall not exceed $100,000 in
the aggregate. As of the date hereof, RBB has not requested payment of the
penalty, and we are negotiating with RBB to have the penalty waived.
Under the terms of an agreement with several purchasers entered in
December 1998, pursuant to which such purchasers purchased an aggregate of
4,917,276 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase an additional
2,366,788 shares of common stock, we are required to file with the Commission a
registration statement to register the common stock issued under the purchase
agreement, and upon exercise of the warrants to allow the resale of such common
stock to the public. Because the registration statement was not declared
effective by the Commission on or before May 21, 1999, the agreement provides
that we pay a penalty of $30,000 for each full calendar month or portion thereof
lapsed after such date, until the registration statement is declared effective,
provided, however, that total penalties shall not exceed $100,000 in the
aggregate. As of the date hereof, the agent for the purchasers has not requested
payment of the penalty, and we are negotiating with such agent to have the
penalty waived.
The independent certified public accountants' report on our
consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998,
includes an explanatory paragraph regarding our ability to continue as a going
concern. Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements states that our ability
to continue operations is dependent upon the continued sale of our securities
for funds to meet our cash requirements, which raise substantial doubt about our
ability to continue as a going concern. Further, the accountant's report does
not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this
uncertainty. Although we may not be successful in doing so, we plan to eliminate
or remedy the deficiencies in our financial condition through the issuance of
additional securities for cash.
CAPITAL RESOURCES
We have been dependent upon the proceeds from the continued sale of
securities for the funds required to continue operations at present levels and
to fund further research and development activities. The following table
summarizes sales of our securities since February 1997.
17
GROSS SECURITY CONVERTIBLE / CONVERSION PRICE / MATURITY DATE /
DATE ISSUED PROCEEDS ISSUED EXERCISABLE INTO EXERCISE PRICE EXPIRATION DATE
- ----------- -------- ------ ---------------- -------------- ---------------
February 1997 $1,000,000 Debenture 6,675,982 shares $0.15-0.20 per share Fully converted
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warrants 535,134 shares $0.288-0.864 per share February 28, 2007
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
August 1997 $3,000,000 Debenture 17,577,534 shares $0.13-0.23 per share Fully converted
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warrants 1,800,000 shares $0.20-0.27 per share August 30, 2007
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
November 1998 $1,500,000 Debenture 8,601,707 shares (1) $0.1744 per share (1) October 31, 2008
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warrants 375,000 shares $0.20 per share
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
375,000 shares $0.24 per share
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1999 $802,500 Shares 4,917,276 n/a n/a
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Warrants 1,183,394 shares $0.2040 per share December 31,
2003
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1,183,394 shares $0.2448 per share
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Assumes the full conversion of the debenture based on the average of the
closing bid and ask prices of the common stock on March 30, 1999, as reported on
the OTC Electronic Bulletin Board ($0.2422), and an applicable conversion price
of $0.1744.
SECURITIES ISSUED IN 1997.
In February 1997 and October 1997, in order to finance research and
development, we sold $1,000,000 and $3,000,000, respectively, principal amount
of our ten-year 7% convertible debentures due February 28, 2007 and August 30,
2007, respectively, to RBB in offshore transactions pursuant to Regulation S
under the Securities Act. Accrued interest under the 1997 debentures was payable
semiannually, computed at the rate of 7% per annum on the unpaid principal
balance from the date of issuance until the date of interest payment. The 1997
debentures were convertible, at the option of the holder, into shares of common
stock pursuant to specified formulas. On April 22, 1997, June 6, 1997, July 3,
1997 and August 20, 1997, pursuant to notice by the holder, RBB, to us under the
February 1997 debenture, $330,000, $134,000, $270,000 and $266,000,
respectively, of the principal amount of the February 1997 debenture was
converted into 1,648,352, 894,526, 2,323,580 and 1,809,524 shares of the common
stock, respectively. As of August 20, 1997 the February 1997 debenture was fully
converted. On December 9, 1997, January 7, 1998, January 14, 1998, February 19,
1998, February 23, 1998, March 31, 1998, May 4, 1998 and May 5, 1998, pursuant
to notice by the holder, RBB, to us, $120,000, $133,000, $341,250, $750,000,
$335,750, $425,000, $275,000 and $620,000, respectively, of the October 1997
debenture was converted into 772,201, 1,017,011, 2,512,887, 5,114,218,
1,498,884, 1,870,869, 1,491,485, and 3,299,979 shares of common stock,
respectively. As of May 5, 1998, the October 1997 debenture was fully converted.
In connection with the issuance of the 1997 debentures, we issued to
RBB six warrants to purchase common stock, three of which entitle the holder to
purchase, from February 21, 1997
18
through February 28, 2007, 178,378 shares of the common stock, and three of
which entitle the holder to purchase, from August 30, 1997 through August 30,
2007, 600,000 shares of the common stock. The exercise prices of such warrants
are $0.288, $0.576, $0.864, $0.20, $0.23 and $0.27 per warrant share,
respectively. Each such warrant provides that the holder may elect to receive a
reduced number of shares of common stock on the basis of a cashless exercise;
that number of shares bears the same proportion to the total number shares
issuable under such warrant as the excess of the market value of shares of
common stock over the warrant exercise price bears to that market value. Each
warrant contains anti-dilution provisions which provide for the adjustment of
warrant price and warrant shares. As of October 15, 1999, none of the warrants
have been exercised.
SECURITIES ISSUED IN 1998.
In November 1998 we sold $1,500,000 principal amount of our ten-year 7%
convertible debenture due October 31, 2008 to RBB, as agent for the accounts of
certain persons, in an offshore transaction pursuant to Regulation S under the
Securities Act. Accrued interest under the convertible debenture is payable
semiannually, computed at the rate of 7% per annum on the unpaid principal
balance from the date of issuance until the date of interest payment. The
convertible debenture is convertible, at the option of the holder, into shares
of common stock pursuant to a specified formula. The actual number of shares of
common stock issued or issuable upon conversion of the convertible debenture is
subject to adjustment and could be materially less or more than the above
estimated amount, depending upon factors that cannot be predicted by us at this
time, including the future market price of the common stock and the potential
conversion of accrued interest into shares of common stock.
Based on the terms for conversion associated with the convertible
debenture, there is an intrinsic value associated with the beneficial conversion
feature of $625,000. Since conversion can occur immediately upon issuance of the
convertible debenture, this amount was recognized as interest expense.
In connection with the issuance of the convertible debenture, we issued
to RBB two warrants to purchase common stock , each warrant entitling the holder
to purchase, until October 31, 2008, 375,000 shares of the common stock. The
exercise prices of the two warrants are $0.20 and $0.24 per warrant share,
respectively. Each warrant provides that the holder may elect to receive a
reduced number of shares of common stock on the basis of a cashless exercise;
that number of shares bears the same proportion to the total number shares
issuable under that warrant as the excess of the market value of shares of
common stock over the warrant exercise price bears to that market value. Each
warrant contains anti-dilution provisions which provide for the adjustment of
warrant price and warrant shares. As of March 31, 1999, none of such warrants
had been exercised.
The fair value of the warrants issued in connection with the
convertible debenture was estimated to be $48,000 ($0.064 per warrant) based
upon a financial analysis of the terms of such warrants using the Black-Sholes
pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility of 20%; a risk
free interest rate of 5.75% and an expected holding period of one year.
19
This amount has been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial
statements as interest expense related to the convertible debenture.
In December 1998 pursuant to a securities purchase agreement, we sold
4,917,276 shares of common stock, and warrants to purchase an aggregate of
2,366,788 shares of common stock, including (x) two warrants to purchase an
aggregate of 1,966,788 shares of common stock and (y) a finder's fee paid to
Harborview Group consisting of two warrants to purchase an aggregate 400,000
shares of common stock, in a private offering transaction pursuant to Section
4(2) of the Securities Act, for an aggregate purchase price of $802,500, of
which $600,000 was received on December 31, 1998, and $202,500 was received in
January 1999. Two of the warrants entitle the holders to purchase 983,394 and
983,394 shares of common stock at exercise prices of $0.2040 and $0.2448 per
share, respectively. The other two warrants entitle the holders to purchase
200,000 and 200,000 shares of common stock at exercise prices of $0.2040 and
$0.2448 per share, respectively. All four warrants are exercisable at any time
and from time to time until December 31, 2003. Each warrant provides that the
holder may elect to receive a reduced number of shares of common stock on the
basis of a cashless exercise; that number of shares bears the same proportion to
the total number shares issuable under that warrant as the excess of the market
value of shares of common stock over the warrant exercise price bears to that
market value. Each warrant contains anti-dilution provisions which provide for
the adjustment of warrant price and warrant shares. As of March 31, 1999, none
of such warrants had been exercised.
The fair value of the warrants issued as of January 7, 1999, the date
of issuance of the shares in connection with the securities purchase agreement,
was estimated to be $494,000 ($0.0208 per warrant) based upon a financial
analysis of the terms of such warrants using the Black-Sholes Pricing Model with
the following assumptions: expected volatility of 20%, and a risk free interest
rate of 6% through the December 31, 2003 expiration date.
If we do not obtain FDA or other approvals for Reticulose, we will have
to obtain funds from the exercise of options and warrants, potential grants
and/or additional equity. It is not likely that such funds will be available in
any significant amount, if at all.
We are currently expending approximately $300,000 per month, which
expenses include salaries, rent, professional fees, license fees and taxes,
research and development, and travel, principally between our two offices and
our Bahamian facility, and anticipate that we can continue operations for at
least nine months with our current liquid assets, including the proceeds from
the recent sale of the convertible debenture and other securities if no stock
options or warrants are exercised. If all of the stock options and warrants are
exercised, we will receive net proceeds of approximately $8.4 million. Those
proceeds will contribute to general and administrative and working capital and
will permit us to substantially increase our budget for research and development
and clinical trials and testing and to operate at significantly increased levels
of operation, assuming Reticulose receives approvals and prospects for sales
increase to justify such increased levels of operation, of which we cannot be
certain. The recent prevailing market price for shares of common stock has from
time to time been above the exercise prices of certain of the outstanding
options and warrants. However, we cannot be certain that the recent trading
levels will be sustained or that any additional options or warrants will be
exercised. If
20
less than 25% or none of the outstanding options and warrants are exercised, and
we obtain no other additional financing, in order for us to achieve the level of
operations contemplated by management, management anticipates that we will have
to limit intentions to expand operations beyond current levels. We are currently
seeking debt financing, licensing agreements, joint ventures and other sources
of financing, but the likelihood of obtaining such financing on favorable terms,
if at all, is small. Furthermore, we cannot predict whether or when any of our
distributors will ever obtain regulatory approvals to test or market Reticulose
in any territory and generate revenue for our company. Management anticipates
that they will have to defer their salaries if financing is not available in
order to continue operations,. Management does not believe that, at present,
debt or equity financing will be readily obtainable on favorable terms unless
and until FDA approval for phase I clinical testing is granted or comparable
approval is obtained from another developed or developing country. Because of
the large uncertainties involved in the FDA approval process for commercial drug
use on humans, we cannot predict when or if we will ever be able to sell
Reticulose commercially.
We have three patents for the use of Reticulose as a treatment. In
addition, we have filed 34 patent applications with the united States Patent
Office, including one for Reticulose as a product. We cannot be certain that
other companies, having greater economic resources, will not be successful in
developing a similar product using processes similar to ours. We cannot be
certain that we will obtain such a patent or, if obtained, that it will be
enforceable. We have retained patent counsel for the purpose of pursuing
additional patent protection for Reticulose. However, we are uncertain that any
patents will be granted, or if granted, that such patents will be sustained if
questioned, and, if declared valid, that the patents, in fact, will operate to
protect us from the replication of Reticulose by competitors. We have relied
upon laws protecting proprietary information and trade secrets and upon
confidentiality agreements to protect our rights to Reticulose and the processes
for its manufacture, but we are uncertain as to whether such efforts and
procedures will continue to be successful and protect us from any competition in
the future.
YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE
The Year 2000 computer issue is the result of computer programs using a
two-digit format, as opposed to a four-digit format to indicate the year. Such
computer programs will be unable to recognize date information correctly when
the year changes to 2000. The Year 2000 issue poses risks for our information
technology systems.
Our information technology systems are based upon software licenses and
software maintenance agreements with third party software companies. Based upon
our internal assessments and communications with our software vendors, all of
the software we use is Year 2000 compliant software. We have used internal
personnel to test our software systems for Year 2000 compliance and such tests
yielded positive results. We will continue to monitor our Year 2000 readiness.
Also, we do not anticipate difficulty in resolving issues related to imbedded
technology in the equipment provided to us by other manufacturers.
21
Based on the foregoing, we believe that we will be Year 2000 compliant
on a timely basis and that future costs relating to the Year 2000 issue will not
have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of
operations or cash flows.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Independent Auditors' Report, Consolidated Financial Statements and
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements begin on page F-1.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON
ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CONTROL
PERSONS; COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16(A) OF THE EXCHANGE
ACT
Our directors and executive officers and further information concerning
them are as follows:
NAME AGE POSITION
- ---- --- --------
Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D. 63 President, Chief Executive Officer,
Chief Scientific Officer, Director
Bernard Friedland 73 Chairman of the Board of Directors
William Bregman 77 Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer,
Director
Louis J. Silver 70 Director
Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D., President, Chief Executive Officer and a
director since October 1996, was Director of the Division of Infectious Diseases
and Professor of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York,
from May 1969 until October 1996.
Bernard Friedland, Chairman of the Board since May 1987, director since
July 1985 and President and Chief Executive Officer from September 1985 until
October 1996, was employed by Key, Inc. for 29 years, until March 1, 1986, in
the Research and Development and Quality Assurance Departments in
Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacology, and Canceantimetabolites.
22
William Bregman, director since July 1985 and Secretary-Treasurer since
September 1985, was Vice President from September 1985 until May 1987 and Vice
President and Secretary of our subsidiary, Advance Viral Research, Ltd., from
August 1984 until July 1989.
Louis J. Silver, director since May 1992, has been self-employed as a
free-lance bookkeeper and auditor since 1985. Mr. Silver previously served as a
member of the board of directors during the periods from May 1987 to July 1987.
Bernard Friedland and William Bregman may be deemed a "parent" and
"promoter" as those terms as defined in the rules and regulations promulgated
under the Securities Act. Directors are elected to serve until the next annual
meeting of shareholders and until their successors have been elected and have
qualified.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
The arrangement for director compensation is $150 for each meeting of
the board of directors attended, which has not in fact been paid within at least
the last three years.
EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION
Other than Dr. Hirschman, none of our directors, officers or employees
received salary and bonus exceeding in the aggregate $100,000 in the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 or 1996. The following Summary Compensation Table sets
forth the information concerning compensation for services in all capacities
awarded to, earned by or paid to the named executive officers for the years
ended December 1998, 1997 and 1996.
23
Summary Compensation Table
Long Term
Annual Compensation Compensation Awards
------------------------------------------ Securities
Underlying All Other
Name and Other Annual Options/ Compensation
Principal Position Year Salary Bonus Compensation (1) Sars (3) (4)
- ------------------ ---- --------- ----- ---------------- -------- ---
Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D., 1998 $325,000 $0 $12,288 23,000,000 $4,316
President, Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Scientific 1997 $325,000 $43,000 $14,604 0 $3,956
Officer since October 1996 and
consultant from May 24, 1995
until October 1996. 1996 $68,750(2) $0 $ 4,825 15,000,000 $4,316
Bernard Friedland, President 1998 - - - - -
and Chief Executive Officer
through October 13, 1996 1997 - - - - -
1996 $35,000 - $6,500 - -
- --------------------------------
(1) Other Annual Compensation for Dr. Hirschman and Mr. Friedland include
medical insurance premiums paid by us on his behalf, and aggregate
incremental cost to us of Dr. Hirschman's automobile lease, gas, oil,
repairs and maintenance.
(2) Under the Hirschman employment agreement described under "-EMPLOYMENT
CONTRACTS, TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND CHANGE IN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS,"
Dr. Hirschman's annual salary as President and Chief Executive Officer
(among other titles) is $325,000.
(3) Includes all options granted during fiscal years shown. No stock
appreciation rights were granted with any options.
(4) The dollar value of insurance premiums paid by, or on behalf of, us with
respect to term life insurance for the benefit of Dr. Hirschman.
In February 1998, we granted Dr. Hirschman options to acquire
23,000,000 shares of common stock, the exerciseability of which is subject to
conditions precedent. In October 1999, we granted Mr. Gallantar options to
acquire 4,547,880 shares of common stock, exercisable in one third increments on
October 1, 2000, 2001, and 2002, until October 1, 2009. No other stock options
were granted to the named executive officers during 1998. Other than Dr.
Hirschman's and Mr. Gallantar's stock options, we currently have outstanding:
o Three warrants to purchase 178,378 shares of common stock at
exercise prices of $0.288, $0.576 and $0.864 per warrant
share, respectively;
o Three warrants to purchase 600,000 shares of common
stock,$0.20, $0.23 and $0.27 per warrant share, respectively;
o Two warrants to purchase 375,000 and 375,000 shares of common
stock at exercise prices of $0.20 and $0.24 per warrant share,
respectively;
o Four warrants to purchase 983,394, 983,394, 200,000 and
200,000 shares of common stock at exercise prices of $0.2040,
$0.2448, $0.2040, and $0.2448 per warrant share, respectively;
and
o Two warrants to purchase 463,264 and 463,264 shares of common
stock at exercise prices of $0.324 and $0.378 per warrant
share, respectively; and
24
o Twenty warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares
of common stock at an exercise price of $0.2461 per warrant
share; and
o options to acquire 12,165,415 shares of the common stock, none
of which are beneficially owned by directors, officers or
employees of Advanced Viral.
The following table sets forth certain summary information concerning
exercised and unexercised options to purchase our common stock as of December
31, 1998 held by the named executive officers. No options were exercised during
the year ended December 31, 1998 by the named executive officers.
Aggregated Option Exercises in
Last Fiscal Year and Year-end Option Values
-------------------------------------------
Number of Securities Value of Unexercised In-the-
Shares Underlying Unexercised Money Options At
Acquired On Value Options At Fiscal Year-end Fiscal Year-end
Name Exercise (#) Realized (1) Exercisable/unexercisable Exercisable/unexercisable
- ---- ------------ ------------ ------------------------- -------------------------
Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D. 0 $0 16,100,000 / 23,000,000 $267,800 / $0 (2)(3)
Bernard Friedland 0 $0 0 / 0 $0 / $0
- --------------------------------
(1) The difference between the average of the high and low bid prices per share
of the common stock as reported by the Bulletin Board on the date of
exercise, and the exercise or base price.
(2) The difference between the average of the high and low bid prices per share
of the common stock as reported by the Bulletin Board on December 31, 1998,
$0.218, and the exercise or base price.
(3) As of December 31, 1998, Dr. Hirschman held options to purchase 4,100,000
shares of common stock at $0.18 per share, 4,000,000; shares of common
stock at $0.19 per share; 4,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.27 per
share; and 4,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.36 per share, all of
which are currently exercisable. In addition, Dr. Hirschman held options to
purchase 23,000,000 shares of common stock at $0.27 per share which become
exercisable through February 2008 upon the earlier to occur of the day an
IND number is obtained from and approved by the FDA so that human research
may be conducted using Reticulose, the occurrence of a change in control,
or the execution of an agreement relating to co-marketing pursuant to which
one or more third parties commit to make payments to Advanced Viral of at
least $15 million.
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS, TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND
CHANGE-IN-CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS
HIRSCHMAN EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
Pursuant to an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated as of
July 8, 1998 between Advanced Viral and Dr. Hirschman, we employ Dr. Hirschman
on a full business time basis as our President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief
Scientific Officer and Chairman of our Scientific Advisory Board, with duties
including supervising our day-to-day operations, including management of
scientific, medical, financial, regulatory and corporate matters, establishing
appropriate laboratory, executive and other facilities on our behalf, and
raising additional capital on our behalf. The agreement includes an agreement
that Dr. Hirschman will be nominated as a director for the duration of Dr.
Hirschman's employment with us under the
25
agreement, and voting agreements regarding the election of Messrs. Friedland,
Bregman and Dr. Hirschman as directors. See "Principal Shareholders."
Pursuant to the agreement, the term of Dr. Hirschman's employment
continues until December 31, 2000 and will continue for one year periods
thereafter unless either we or Dr. Hirschman gives the other notice at least two
years in advance that such one year automatic extension shall be vitiated. If
the agreement is terminated by us for cause, we may cancel all unvested stock
options, benefits under stock bonus plans and stock appreciation rights ("SARs")
granted to Dr. Hirschman. If the agreement is terminated by Dr. Hirschman for
cause, we are required to pay to Dr. Hirschman his annual salary and employee
benefits through the remainder of the then current term.
Pursuant to the agreement, Dr. Hirschman receives an annual salary of
$325,000, payable in equal biweekly installments. The agreement also entitles
Dr. Hirschman to a major medical insurance policy, disability policy and dental
policy insurance to Dr. Hirschman and his dependents that is reasonably
acceptable to the parties, and a term life insurance policy at least in the
amount of $1,000,000, with a beneficiary to be designated by Dr. Hirschman. The
agreement further provides that we shall:
o take such action as may be necessary to permit Dr. Hirschman
to be entitled to participate in stock option, stock bonus or
similar plans (including plans for SARs) as are established by
us;
o lease or purchase for Dr. Hirschman, at his discretion, an
automobile selected and to be used by him, having a list price
not in excess of $40,000, and pay for all gas, oil, repairs
and maintenance, as well as the lease or purchase payments, as
applicable, in connection with the automobile;
o reimburse Dr. Hirschman for all of his proven expenses
incurred in and about the course of his employment that are
deductible under the current tax law, including, among other
expenses, his license fees, membership dues in professional
organizations, subscriptions to professional journals,
necessary travel, hotel and entertainment expenses incurred in
connection with overnight, out-of-town trips that contribute
to the benefit of us in the reasonable determination of Dr.
Hirschman, and all other expenses that may be pre-approved by
our board of directors; and
o provide not less than four weeks paid vacation annually and
such paid sick or other leave as we provide to all of our
employees.
The agreement also provides for the payment of $100,000 to Dr. Hirschman on the
date we obtain an IND number from the FDA so that Reticulose may be tested on
humans, so long as such IND number is obtained while Dr. Hirschman is employed
by us.
26
The agreement further provides that Dr. Hirschman is not authorized,
without the express written consent of the board of directors and other than in
the ordinary course of business, to pledge the credit of Advanced Viral or any
of our other employees, to bind us, to release or discharge any debt due us
unless we have received payment in full, or to dispose (as collateral or
otherwise) of all or substantially all of our assets.
Dr. Hirschman has agreed that he will assign to us all patents he
develops which result from his knowledge acquired while performing his duties
under the agreement, and that, if his employment under the agreement is
terminated by us "for cause" or by Dr. Hirschman otherwise than "for cause," as
specified in that agreement, he will not, directly or indirectly, compete with
us for three years after termination or solicit our employees to leave our
employ for one year after termination.
Pursuant to the execution of the agreement, we ratified a $100,000
bonus payment made to Dr. Hirschman in February 1998 and the February 1998 grant
to Dr. Hirschman of options to acquire 23,000,000 shares of common stock
exercisable at any time and from time to time through February 2008 at $0.27 per
share commencing upon:
o the day an IND number is obtained from and approved by the
FDA so that human research may be conducted using Reticulose;
o the occurrence of a change in control; or
o the execution of an agreement relating to co-marketing
pursuant to which one or more third parties commit to make
payments to us of at least $15 million.
27
PERFORMANCE GRAPH
Securities and Exchange Commission rules require that a line graph
performance presentation be provided comparing cumulative total shareholder
return with a performance indicator of a broad market index and a nationally
recognized industry index. The graph and table set forth below compare the
cumulative total shareholder return on the Company's Common Stock for 1994
through 1998 with the Dow Jones Pharmaceuticals Index and the Dow Jones Equity
Market Index for the same period. The graph and table assume an investment of
$100 in the Common Stock and each index on December 31, 1993 and the
reinvestment of all dividends.
5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
12/93 12/94 12/95 12/96 12/97 12/98
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Advanced Viral Research Corp. 100 625 533 1,000 625 729
Dow Jones Pharmaceuticals 100 115 188 236 366 545
Dow Jones Equity Market 100 101 139 172 229 294
28
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND
MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth as at March 31, 1999, certain
information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Common Stock by (i) each
person who is known by the Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the
Company's outstanding voting securities; (ii) each of the Company's directors
and named executive offic4ers; and (iii) all directors of the Company as a
group:
Shares of Common Stock
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner Beneficially Owned (1) Percent Owned
- ------------------------------------ ---------------------- -------------
Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D. 16,100,000 (2)(3) 5.07%
c/o Advanced Viral Research Corp.
1250 East Hallandale Beach Blvd.
Hallandale, FL 33009
Bernard Friedland 39,346,730 (3)(4) 13.06%
c/o Advanced Viral Research Corp.
1250 East Hallandale Beach Blvd.
Hallandale, FL 33009
William Bregman 35,705,403 (3)(5) 11.85%
c/o Advanced Viral Research Corp.
1250 East Hallandale Beach Blvd.
Hallandale, FL 33009
Louis J. Silver 501,000 0.17%
5110 S.W. 127th Place
Miami, FL 33175
All Officers & Directors (4 Persons) 91,653,133 (2) 28.87%
(1) The persons named in this table have sole voting power with respect to all
shares shown as beneficially owned by them, except as indicated in other
footnotes to this table. In computing the number of shares beneficially
owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of
common stock subject to options or warrants held by that person that are
currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days after March 31, 1999,
are deemed outstanding. According to American Stock Transfer & Trust
Company, the transfer agent for the Common Stock, 301,340,183 shares of the
Common Stock were outstanding as of the close of business on March 31,
1999.
(2) Includes shares which may be acquired pursuant to options to purchase
Common Stock exercisable within 60 days after March 31, 1999.
(3) The Employment Agreement provides that Messrs. Friedland and Bregman,
during the term of Dr. Hirschman's employment under that agreement, shall
vote all shares of the Common Stock owned or voted by them in favor of Dr.
Hirschman as a director of the Company. That agreement, however, does not
restrict or otherwise limit their right to sell their shares to third
parties without restriction. The Employment Agreement also provides that
Dr. Hirschman, during that term, shall take no action which shall preclude
Messrs. Friedland and Bregman from being nominees as directors of the
Company and that Dr. Hirschman shall vote all shares of the Common Stock
owned or voted by him in favor of Messrs. Friedland and Bregman as
directors of the Company. See "- Employment Contracts, Termination of
Employment and Change-in-Control Arrangements."
(4) Includes (i) 1,000,000 shares of the Common Stock owned by Mr. Friedland
and Beth Friedland, his daughter, as joint tenants, (ii) 20,000,000 shares
owned by Mr. Friedland and Shirley Friedland, his spouse, as joint
29
tenants, and (iii) 600,000 shares owned the B&SD Friedland Foundation, a
not-for-profit foundation controlled by Mr. Friedland. Does not include
15,000 shares owned by Shirley Friedland as to which Mr. Friedland
disclaims beneficial ownership.
(5) Includes (i) 22,823,125 shares held in a trust for which Mr. Bregman is the
sole trustee and sole beneficiary; (ii) 70,000 shares owned by Carol
Bregman, his daughter; (iii) 73,000 shares owned by Janet Berlin, his
daughter, (iv) 70,000 shares owned by Forest Berlin, his grandson, and (v)
70,000 shares owned by Jessica Berlin, his granddaughter.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
For the past three fiscal years, there were no material transactions
between the Company and any of its officers or directors which involved $60,000
or more.
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Documents filed as part of this report
1. Financial Statements
2. Exhibits:
See Exhibits Index. The Exhibits listed in the accompanying
Exhibits Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K during and after the fiscal quarter ended December 31,
1998:
1. Report dated November 24, 1998, including Item 5, regarding the
Convertible Debenture to RBB Bank AG dated November 16, 1998. No financial
statements were filed.
30
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this amended report to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: December __, 1999 ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(Registrant)
By:/s/ Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D.
--------------------------------
Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D., President
and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
this amended report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of
the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Date: December __, 1999 By:/s/ Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D.
---------------------------------------
Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D., President
and Chief Executive Officer and Director
Date: December __, 1999 By:/s/ Bernard Friedland
---------------------------------------
Bernard Friedland, Chairman of the Board
and Director
Date: December __, 1999 By:/s/ William Bregman
------------------------------------------
William Bregman, Secretary -
Treasurer, Director
Date: December __, 1999 By:/s/ Louis J. Silver
------------------------------------------
Louis J. Silver, Director
Date: December __, 1999 By:/s/ Alan Gallantar
------------------------------------------
Principal Financial and Accounting Officer
31
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-----------------------------
PAGE
----
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS F-1
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Balance Sheets, December 31, 1998 and 1997 F-2
Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 and from
Inception (February 20, 1984) to December 31, 1998 F-3
Statements of Stockholders' Equity from Inception (February 20, 1984) to December 31, 1998 F-4
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 and from
Inception (February 20, 1984) to December 31, 1998 F-10
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-12
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Stockholders and Directors
Advanced Viral Research Corp.
(A Development Stage Company)
Hallandale, Florida
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Advanced Viral
Research Corp. (A Development Stage Company) as of December 31, 1998 and 1997,
and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and
cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31,
1998 and for the period from inception (February 20, 1984) to December 31, 1998.
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the management
of the Company. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Advanced Viral
Research Corp. (A Development Stage Company) as of December 31, 1998 and 1997
and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years
in the three year period ended December 31, 1998 and for the period from
inception (February 20, 1984) to December 31, 1998 in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming
that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the
consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses
from operations and is dependent upon the continued sale of its securities or
obtaining debt financing for funds to meet its cash requirements. These factors
raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going
concern. Management's plans with regard to these matters are described in Note
2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that
might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
As described in Note 14 to the financial statements, the Company has restated
certain amounts in the 1998 and 1997 financial statements to record the
amortization of the beneficial conversion feature associated with the November
Debenture based on the date the debenture first became convertible, to
reclassify certain expenses initially recorded as general and administrative
expenses to research and development costs, and to reclassify amortization of
debt issuance costs as interest expense.
RACHLIN COHEN & HOLTZ LLP
Miami, Florida
February 11, 1999
F-1
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1997
1998 1997
---- ----
(Restated)
ASSETS
------
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 924,420 $ 236,059
Investments 821,047 2,984,902
Inventory 19,729 19,729
Other current assets 29,818 20,240
------------ ------------
Total current assets 1,795,014 3,260,930
Property and Equipment 1,049,593 485,661
Other Assets 460,346 443,251
------------ ------------
Total assets $ 3,304,953 $ 4,189,842
============ ============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
------------------------------------
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 279,024 $ 375,606
Current portion of capital lease obligation 38,335 --
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities 317,359 375,606
------------ ------------
Long-Term Liabilities:
Convertible debenture, net 1,457,919 2,384,793
Capital lease obligation - long-term portion 167,380 --
------------ ------------
Total long-term liabilities 1,625,299 2,384,793
------------ ------------
Deposit on Securities Purchase Agreement 600,000 --
------------ ------------
Commitments and Contingencies -- --
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock; 1,000,000,000 shares of $.00001 par value
authorized, 296,422,907 and 277,962,574
shares issued and outstanding 2,964 2,779
Additional paid-in capital 14,325,076 10,512,767
Deficit accumulated during the development stage (13,550,976) (8,993,266)
Subscription receivable -- (19,000)
Deferred compensation cost (14,769) (73,837)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' equity 762,295 1,429,443
------------ ------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 3,304,953 $ 4,189,842
============ ============
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-2
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Inception
(February 20,
Year Ended December 31, 1984) to
----------------------- December 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998
---- ---- ---- ----
(Restated) (Restated) (Restated)
Revenues:
Sales $ 656 $ 2,278 $ 24,111 $ 194,975
Interest 102,043 111,845 46,796 559,297
Other income 293 7,800 32,000 120,093
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
102,992 121,923 102,907 874,365
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Costs and Expenses:
Research and development 1,659,456 817,603 255,660 3,583,467
General and administrative 1,420,427 1,681,436 983,256 7,315,337
Depreciation 110,120 26,288 18,731 315,348
Interest 1,470,699 1,738,325 -- 3,211,189
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
4,660,702 4,263,652 1,257,647 14,425,341
------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Net Loss $ (4,557,710) $ (4,141,729) $ (1,154,740) $ (13,550,976)
============= ============= ============= =============
Net Loss Per Share of Common
Stock - Basic and Diluted $ (0.02) $ (0.02) $ (.00)
============= ============= =============
Weighted Average Number of
Common Shares Outstanding 294,809,073 274,534,277 257,645,815
============= ============= =============
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-3
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
INCEPTION (FEBRUARY 20, 1984) TO DECEMBER 31, 1998
Deficit
Common Stock Accumulated
Amount ------------ Additional during the
Per Paid-In Development
Share Shares Amount Capital Stage
----- ------ ------ ------- -----
Balance, inception (February 20, 1984) as previously reported -- $ 1,000 $ -- $ (1,000)
Adjustment for pooling of interests -- (1,000) 1,000 --
------------- ------------- ------------- --------
Balance, inception, as restated -- -- 1,000 (1,000)
Net loss, period ended December 31, 1984 -- -- -- (17,809)
------------- ------------- ------------- --------
Balance, December 31, 1984 -- -- 1,000 (18,809)
Issuance of common stock for cash $ .00 113,846,154 1,138 170 --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1985 -- -- -- (25,459)
------------- ------------- ------------- --------
Balance, December 31, 1985 113,846,154 1,138 1,170 (44,268)
Issuance of common stock - public offering .01 40,000,000 400 399,600 --
Issuance of underwriter's warrants -- -- 100 --
Expenses of public offering -- -- (117,923) --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of "A" warrants .03 819,860 9 24,587 --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1986 -- -- -- (159,674)
------------- ------------- ------------- --------
Balance, December 31, 1986 154,666,014 1,547 307,534 (203,942)
------------- ------------- ------------- --------
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-4
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Continued)
INCEPTION (FEBRUARY 20, 1984) TO DECEMBER 31, 1998
Deficit
Common Stock Accumulated
Amount ------------ Additional during the
Per Paid-In Development
Share Shares Amount Capital Stage
----- ------ ------ ------- -----
Balance, December 31, 1986 154,666,014 $ 1,547 $ 307,534 $ (203,942)
Issuance of common stock, exercise of "A" warrants $ .03 38,622,618 386 1,158,321 --
Expenses of stock issuance -- -- (11,357) --
Acquisition of subsidiary for cash -- -- (46,000) --
Cancellation of debt due to stockholders -- -- 86,565 --
Net loss, period ended December 31, 1987 -- -- -- (258,663)
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------
Balance, December 31, 1987 193,288,632 1,933 1,495,063 (462,605)
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1988 -- -- -- (199,690)
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------
Balance, December 31, 1988 193,288,632 1,933 1,495,063 (662,295)
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1989 -- -- -- (270,753)
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------
Balance, December 31, 1989 193,288,632 1,933 1,495,063 (933,048)
Issuance of common stock, expiration of redemption .05 6,729,850 67 336,475 --
offer on "B" warrants
Issuance of common stock, exercise of "B" warrants .05 268,500 3 13,422 --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of "C" warrants .08 12,900 -- 1,032 --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1990 -- -- -- (267,867)
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------
Balance, December 31, 1990 200,299,882 2,003 1,845,992 (1,200,915)
----------- ----------- ----------- ------------
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-5
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Continued)
INCEPTION (FEBRUARY 20, 1984) TO DECEMBER 31, 1998
Deficit
Common Stock Accumulated
Amount ------------ Additional during the
Per Paid-In Development
Share Shares Amount Capital Stage
----- ------ ------ ------- -----
Balance, December 31, 1990 200,299,882 $ 2,003 $ 1,845,992 $ (1,200,915)
Issuance of common stock, exercise of "B" warrants $ .05 11,400 -- 420 --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of "C" warrants .08 2,500 -- 200 --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of underwriters warrants .012 3,760,000 38 45,083 --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1991 -- -- -- (249,871)
------------- -------- ------------- -------------
Balance, December 31, 1991 204,073,782 2,041 1,891,695 (1,450,786)
Issuance of common stock, for testing .0405 10,000,000 100 404,900 --
Issuance of common stock, for consulting services .055 500,000 5 27,495 --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of "B" warrants .05 7,458,989 75 372,875 --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of "C" warrants .08 5,244,220 52 419,487 --
Expenses of stock issuance (7,792)
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1992 -- -- -- (839,981)
------------- -------- ------------- -------------
Balance, December 31, 1992 227,276,991 2,273 3,108,660 (2,290,767)
Issuance of common stock, for consulting services .055 500,000 5 27,495 --
Issuance of common stock, for consulting services .03 3,500,000 35 104,965 --
Issuance of common stock, for testing .035 5,000,000 50 174,950 --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1993 -- -- -- (563,309)
------------- -------- ------------- -------------
Balance, December 31, 1993 236,276,991 2,363 3,416,070 (2,854,076)
------------- -------- ------------- -------------
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-6
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Continued)
INCEPTION (FEBRUARY 20, 1984) TO DECEMBER 31, 1998
Deficit
Common Stock Accumulated
Amount ------------ Additional during the Deferred
Per Paid-In Subscription Development Compensation
Share Shares Amount Capital Receivable Stage Cost
----- ------ ------ ------- ---------- ----- ----
Balance, December 31, 1993 236,276,991 $ 2,363 $ 3,416,070 $-- $ (2,854,076) $--
Issuance of common stock, for consulting services $ .05 4,750,000 47 237,453 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .08 400,000 4 31,996 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .10 190,000 2 18,998 -- -- --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1994 -- -- -- -- (440,837) --
------------ ------- ----------- ------ ------------ -----
Balance, December 31, 1994 241,616,991 2,416 3,704,517 -- (3,294,913) --
--
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .05 3,333,333 33 166,633 -- - --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .08 2,092,850 21 167,407 -- - --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .10 2,688,600 27 268,833 -- - --
Issuance of common stock, for consulting services .11 1,150,000 12 126,488 -- - --
Issuance of common stock, for consulting services .14 300,000 3 41,997 -- - --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1995 -- -- -- -- (401,884) --
------------ ------- ----------- ------ ------------ -----
Balance, December 31, 1995 251,181,774 2,512 4,475,875 -- (3,696,797) --
------------ ------- ----------- ------ ------------ -----
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-7
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Continued)
INCEPTION (FEBRUARY 20, 1984) TO DECEMBER 31, 1998
Deficit
Common Stock Accumulated
Amount ------------ Additional during the Deferred
Per Paid-In Subscription Development Compensation
Share Shares Amount Capital Receivable Stage Cost
----- ------ ------ ------- ---------- ----- ----
Balance, December 31, 1995 251,181,774 $ 2,512 $ 4,475,$75 -- $ (3,696,797) $ --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .05 3,333,334 33 166,634 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .08 1,158,850 12 92,696 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .10 7,163,600 72 716,288 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .11 170,000 2 18,698 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .12 1,300,000 13 155,987 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .18 1,400,000 14 251,986 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .19 500,000 5 94,995 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .20 473,500 5 94,695 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, for services rendered .50 350,000 3 174,997 -- -- --
Options granted -- -- 760,500 -- -- (473,159)
Subscription receivable -- -- -- (19,000) -- --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1996 -- -- -- -- (1,154,740) --
------------ ------- ------------ -------- ------------ --------
Balance, December 31, 1996 267,031,058 2,671 7,003,351 (19,000) (4,851,537) (473,159)
------------ ------- ------------ -------- ------------ --------
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-8
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Continued)
INCEPTION (FEBRUARY 20, 1984) TO DECEMBER 31, 1998
Deficit
Common Stock Accumulated
Amount ------------ Additional during the Deferred
Per Paid-In Subscription Development Compensation
Share Shares Amount Capital Receivable Stage Cost
----- ------ ------ ------- ---------- ----- ----
Balance, December 31, 1996 267,031,058 $ 2,671 $ 7,003,351 $ (19,000) $ (4,851,537) $ (473,159)
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .08 3,333,333 33 247,633 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .20 1,648,352 16 329,984 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .15 894,526 9 133,991 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .12 2,323,580 23 269,977 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .15 1,809,524 18 265,982 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .16 772,201 8 119,992 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, for services rendered .41 50,000 -- 20,500 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, for services rendered .24 100,000 1 23,999 -- -- --
Beneficial conversion feature, February debenture -- -- 413,793 -- -- --
Beneficial conversion feature, October debenture -- -- 1,350,000 -- -- --
Warrant costs, February debenture -- -- 37,242 -- -- --
Warrant costs, October debenture -- -- 291,555 -- -- --
Amortization of deferred compensation cost -- -- -- -- -- 399,322
Imputed interest on convertible debenture -- -- 4,768 -- -- --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1997 -- -- -- -- (4,141,729) --
------------ ------- ------------ --------- ------------ ----------
Balance, December 31, 1997 277,962,574 2,779 10,512,767 (19,000) (8,993,266) (73,837)
------------ ------- ------------ --------- ------------ ----------
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-9
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Continued)
INCEPTION (FEBRUARY 20, 1984) TO DECEMBER 31, 1998
Deficit
Common Stock Accumulated
Amount ------------ Additional during the Deferred
Per Paid-In Subscription Development Compensation
Share Shares Amount Capital Receivable Stage Cost
----- ------ ------ ------- ---------- ----- ----
Balance, December 31, 1997 277,962,574 $ 2,779 $ 10,512,767 $ (19,000) $ (8,993,266) $ (73,837)
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .12 295,000 3 35,397 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .14 500,000 5 69,995 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .16 450,000 5 71,995 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .20 10,000 -- 2,000 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, exercise of options .26 300,000 3 77,997 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .13 1,017,011 10 132,990 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .14 2,512,887 25 341,225 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .15 5,114,218 51 749,949 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .18 1,491,485 15 274,985 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .19 3,299,979 33 619,967 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .22 1,498,884 15 335,735 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, conversion of debt .23 1,870,869 19 424,981 -- -- --
Issuance of common stock, for services rendered .21 100,000 1 20,999 -- -- --
Beneficial conversion feature, November debenture 625,000
Warrant costs, November debenture 48,094
Amortization of deferred compensation cost -- -- -- -- -- 59,068
Write off of subscription receivable -- -- (19,000) 19,000 -- --
Net loss, year ended December 31, 1998, as Restated -- -- -- -- (4,557,710) --
------------ -------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ---------
Balance, December 31, 1998, as Restated 296,422,907 2,964 $ 14,325,076 $ -- $(13,550,976) $ (14,769)
============ ======== ============ ============ ============ =========
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-10
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Inception
(February 20,
1984) to
Year Ended December 31, December 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998
---- ---- ---- ----
(Restated) (Restated) (Restated)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss $ (4,557,710) $ (4,141,729) $ (1,154,740) $(13,550,976)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to
net cash used by operating activities:
Depreciation 110,120 26,288 18,731 315,348
Amortization of debt issue costs 229,978 111,957 -- 341,935
Amortization of deferred interest cost on beneficial
conversion feature 835,951 1,552,842 -- 2,388,718
Amortization of discount on warrants 290,297 -- -- 290,297
Amortization of deferred compensation cost 59,068 399,322 287,341 745,731
Loss on sale of property and equipment -- 1,425 -- 1,425
Issuance of common stock for services 21,000 44,500 175,000 1,437,500
Imputed interest on convertible debenture -- 4,768 -- 4,768
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in other current assets (9,578) (4,159) (3,114) (29,818)
Increase in inventory -- -- (1,638) (19,729)
Increase in other assets (247,072) (496,126) (27,085) (776,742)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and
accrued liabilities (96,582) 328,932 39,823 285,224
Decrease in customer deposits -- (7,800) -- (7,800)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total adjustments 1,193,182 1,961,949 489,058 4,976,857
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash used by operating activities (3,364,528) (2,179,780) (665,682) (8,574,119)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of investments (915,047) (3,651,676) (1,247,256) (6,292,979)
Proceeds from sale of investments 3,078,902 2,045,615 347,415 5,471,932
Acquisition of property and equipment (451,734) (307,362) (11,446) (1,143,600)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment -- 1,200 -- 1,200
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities 1,712,121 (1,912,223) (911,287) (1,963,447)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of convertible debt 1,500,000 4,000,000 -- 5,500,000
Proceeds from deposit on securities purchase agreement 600,000 -- -- 600,000
Proceeds from sale of securities, net of issuance costs 257,400 266,666 1,573,135 5,378,588
Payments under capital lease (16,602) -- -- (16,602)
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net cash provided by financing activities 2,340,798 4,266,666 1,573,135 11,461,986
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents 688,391 174,663 (3,834) 924,420
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning 236,059 61,396 65,230 --
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Ending $ 924,450 $ 236,059 $ 61,396 $ 924,420
============ ============ ============ ============
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Financing Activities:
Cash paid during the year for interest $ 6,042 $ -- $ --
============ ============ ============
Options granted accounted for as deferred compensation cost $ -- $ -- $ 760,500
============ ============ ============
During 1998, the Company purchased equipment under a capital lease totaling
$222,317.
See notes to consolidated financial statements
F-11
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1997
NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Business
Advanced Viral Research Corp. (the Company) was incorporated in
Delaware on July 31, 1985. The Company was organized for the
purpose of manufacturing and marketing a pharmaceutical product
named RETICULOSE. While the Company has had limited sales of this
product, primarily for research purposes, the success of the
Company will be dependent upon obtaining certain regulatory
approval for its pharmaceutical product, RETICULOSE, to commence
commercial operations. The Company was in the development stage at
December 31, 1998.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the
Company and its 99.6% owned subsidiary, Advance Viral Research
(LTD), a Bahamian Corporation. All significant intercompany
accounts have been eliminated.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments, with
original maturities of three months or less.
Investments
Investments consist of certificates of deposit with maturities
greater than three months, carried at cost, which is market value,
U.S. Government securities and discount notes and U.S. Treasury
Bills. The U.S. Government securities, notes and treasury bills are
classified as "held to maturity" and are carried at amortized cost,
which approximates market value.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using
the straight-line method, over the estimated useful lives of the
assets. Gain or loss on disposition of assets is recognized
currently. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as
incurred. Major replacements and betterments are capitalized and
depreciated over the remaining useful lives of the assets.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred by the
Company.
Deferred Compensation Cost
Deferred compensation costs are recognized based on the fair value
for non-employee stock options. Compensation cost is amortized over
the life of the option period, which is either shorter than or
essentially equivalent to the period for which the services are to
be provided. Compensation expense is classified as general and
administrative.
F-12
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
Revenue Recognition
The limited sales generated by the Company have consisted of sales
of RETICULOSE for testing and other purposes. Sales are recorded by
the Company when the product is shipped to customers.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the 1997 and 1996 financial statements have been
reclassified to conform to 1998 presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in
the financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these
estimates are based on management's knowledge of current events and
actions it may undertake in the future, they may ultimately differ
from actual results.
NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared
in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, which
contemplate the continuance of the Company as a going concern. The
Company has suffered losses from operations during its history. The
Company is dependent upon registration of RETICULOSE for sale before it
can begin commercial operations. The Company's cash position may be
inadequate to pay all the costs associated with the full range of
testing and clinical trials required by the FDA. Management does not
anticipate registration or other approval of RETICULOSE in the near
future in the United States. Unless and until RETICULOSE is approved
for sale in the United States or another industrially developed
country, the Company may be dependent upon the continued sale of its
securities for funds to meet its cash requirements. Management intends
to continue to sell the Company's securities in an attempt to mitigate
the effects of its cash position; however, no assurance can be given
that such equity financing, if and when required, will be available. In
the event that such equity financing is not available, in order to
continue operations, management anticipates that they will have to
defer their salaries. During 1998 and 1997, the Company obtained debt
financing and may seek additional debt financing if the need arises. No
assurance can be given that the Company will be able to sustain its
operations until FDA approval is granted or that any approval will ever
be granted. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's
ability to continue as a going concern. The Company expects to apply
for approval with the FDA by May 15, 1999. The consolidated financial
statements do not include any adjustments relating to the
recoverability and classification of recorded assets and classification
of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to
continue in existence.
F-13
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 3. ACQUISITION
Two of the principal stockholders of the Company acquired LTD, a
Bahamian Corporation with pharmaceutical manufacturing and warehousing
facilities, on February 20, 1984. The acquisition is a combination of
two entities under common control and has been accounted for in a
manner similar to a pooling of interests. In 1986, the Company acquired
from LTD exclusive rights to manufacture and market RETICULOSE
worldwide, except within the Bahamas, for $50,000. The Company also
purchased inventory of RETICULOSE from LTD for $45,000 and was
obligated to pay $3 per ampule of RETICULOSE for the initial 100,000
ampules purchased and $2 per ampule for purchases exceeding 100,000
ampules. On December 16, 1987, the Company acquired the controlling
beneficial interest in 99.6% of the common stock of LTD through an
appropriate trust agreement to satisfy the rules of the Bahamian
Government, from two of the principal stockholders of the Company. Both
stockholders concurrently canceled $86,565 of indebtedness due them
from LTD.
NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS
1998 1997
---- ----
Held to maturity:
U.S. Government securities $821,047 $2,226,902
Certificates of deposit -- 758,000
------------ ----------
$821,047 $2,984,902
============ ==========
NOTE 5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Estimated Useful
Lives (Years) 1998 1997
------------- ---- ----
Land and improvements 15 $ 34,550 $ 34,550
Building and improvements 30 324,083 299,550
Machinery and equipment 5 1,003,768 354,250
------------ -------------
1,362,401 688,350
Less accumulated depreciation 312,808 202,689
------------ -------------
$1,049,593 $ 485,661
============ =============
The Company maintains certain property and equipment in Freeport,
Bahamas. This property and equipment amounted to $370,028 as of
December 31, 1998 and 1997 including $17,623 expended in 1987 to
purchase a land lease expiring in 2068. Included with machinery and
equipment is $222,318 of equipment purchased under a capital lease
during 1998. Depreciation expense for equipment under capital lease was
approximately $12,000 in 1998. These amounts are included above.
F-14
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 6. OTHER ASSETS
1998 1997
---- ----
Patent costs $344,319 $202,247
Loan costs, net of accumulated amortization of $341,935
and $111,957 96,250 221,227
Other 19,777 19,777
-------- --------
$460,346 $443,251
======== ========
Patent development costs are capitalized as incurred. Loan costs relate
to fees paid in connection with the issuance of convertible debentures
(Note 8) and are amortized over the life of the debenture or until
conversion.
NOTE 7. SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT
On December 22, 1998, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase
Agreement whereby the Company agreed to issue to certain purchasers
4,917,276 shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of
$802,500. The agreement also provides for the issuance of four warrants
to purchase a total of 2,366,788 shares of common stock at prices
ranging from $.204 to $.2448 per share at any time until December 31,
2003. The Fair value of these warrants is estimated to be $494,138
($.209 per warrant) based upon a financial analysis of the terms of the
warrants using the Black Sholes Pricing Model with the following
assumptions: expected volatility of 20%, a risk free interest rate of
6% and an expected holding period of five years.
As of December 31, 1998, the Company received $600,000 towards the
total purchase price.
As of January 7, 1999, the remaining $202,500 was received and the
appropriate shares were issued to the purchasers.
NOTE 8. CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES
On February 21, 1997, in order to finance research and development, the
Company sold $1,000,000 principal amount of its ten-year 7% Convertible
Debenture (the "February Debenture") due February 28, 2007, to RBB Bank
Aktiengesellschaft ("RBB"). Accrued interest under the February
Debenture is payable semi-annually, computed at the rate of 7% per
annum on the unpaid principal balance from February 21, 1997 until the
date of interest payment. The February Debenture may be prepaid by the
Company before maturity, in whole or in part, without premium or
penalty, if the Company gives the holder of the Debenture notice not
less than 30 days before the date fixed for prepayment in that notice.
The February Debenture is convertible, at the option of the holder,
into shares of common stock.
F-15
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 8. CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES (Continued)
The assured incremental yield on the February Debenture was measured
based on the date of issuance of the security and amortized to interest
expense over the conversion period which ended on May 29, 1997 which
was the first date full conversion could occur. The interest expense
relating to this measurement was $4,768.
During 1997, RBB exercised its right to convert the principal amount of
the February Debenture into 6,675,982 shares of the Company's common
stock at conversion prices ranging from $.1162 to $.2002 per share.
In connection with the issuance of the February Debenture, the Company
issued to RBB three warrants (the "February warrants") to purchase
common stock, each such February warrant entitling the holder to
purchase, from February 21, 1997 through February 28, 2007, 178,378
shares of common stock. The exercise price of the three February
warrants are $0.288, $0.576 and $0.864 per warrant share, respectively.
The fair value of the February warrants was estimated to be $37,000
($.021 per warrant) based upon a financial analysis of the terms of the
warrants using the Black-Sholes Pricing Model with the following
assumptions: expected volatility of 20%; a risk free interest rate of
6% and an expected holding period of ten years (RBB exercised its right
to convert within one year). This amount has been reflected in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements as interest expense
related to the convertible debenture.
Based on the terms for conversion associated with the February
Debenture, there is an intrinsic value associated with the beneficial
conversion feature of $413,793. This amount was fully amortized to
interest expense in 1997 with a corresponding credit to additional
paid-in capital.
In October 1997, in order to finance further research and development,
the Company sold $3,000,000 principal amount of its ten-year 7%
Convertible Debenture (the "October Debenture") due August 30, 2007, to
RBB. Accrued interest under the October Debenture is payable
semi-annually, computed at the rate of 7% per annum on the unpaid
principal balance from the date of the issuance of the October
Debenture until the date of interest payment. The October Debenture may
be prepaid by the Company before maturity, in whole or in part, without
premium or penalty, if the Company gives the holder of the Debenture
notice not less than 30 days before the date fixed for prepayment in
that notice. The October Debenture is convertible, at the option of the
holder, into shares of common stock.
During 1997, RBB exercised its right to convert $120,000 of the
principal amount of the October Debenture into 772,201 shares of the
Company's common stock at a conversion price of $.1554 per share.
During 1998, RBB exercised its right to convert the remaining
$2,880,000 of the principal amount of the October Debenture into
16,805,333 shares of the Company's common stock at conversion prices
ranging from $.13 to $.23 per share.
F-16
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 8. CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES (Continued)
In connection with the issuance of the October Debenture, the Company
issued to RBB three warrants (the "October warrants") to purchase
Common Stock, each such October warrant entitling the holder to
purchase, from the date of grant through August 30, 2007, 600,000
shares of the Common Stock. The exercise price of the three October
warrants are $0.20, $0.23 and $0.27 per warrant share, respectively.
The fair value of the three October warrants was established to be
$106,571 ($.178 per warrant), $97,912 ($.163 per warrant) and $87,472
($.146 per warrant), respectively, based upon a financial analysis of
the terms of the warrants using the Black-Sholes Pricing Model with the
following assumptions: expected volatility of 20%; a risk free interest
rate of 6% and an expected holding period of ten years (RBB exercised
its right to convert within one year). This amount has been reflected
in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as a discount on
the convertible debenture, with a corresponding credit to additional
paid-in capital, and was fully amortized to interest expense over the
actual conversion period.
Based on the terms for conversion associated with the October
Debenture, there was intrinsic value associated with the beneficial
conversion feature of $1,350,000. This amount was treated as deferred
interest expense and recorded as a reduction of the convertible
debenture liability with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in
capital and was amortized to interest expense over the period from
October 8, 1997 (date of debenture) to February 24, 1998 (date the
debenture is fully convertible). The interest expense relative to this
item was $210,951 for 1998 and $1,139,049 for 1997.
In November 1998, in order to finance further research and development,
the Company sold 1,500,000 principal amount of its ten year 7%
Convertible Debenture (the "November Debenture") due October 31, 2008,
to RBB. Accrued interest under the November Debenture is payable
semi-annually, computed at the rate of 7% per annum on the unpaid
principal balance from the date of the issuance of the November
Debenture until the date of interest payment. The November Debenture
may be prepaid by the Company before maturity, in whole or in part,
without premium or penalty, if the Company gives the holder of the
Debenture notice not less than 30 days before the date fixed for
prepayment in that notice. The November Debenture is convertible, at
the option of the holder, into shares of common stock.
In connection with the issuance of the November Debenture, the Company
issued to RBB two warrants (the "November Warrants") to purchase Common
Stock, each such November Warrant entitling the holder to purchase
375,000 shares of the Common Stock at any time and from time to time
through October 31, 2008. The exercise price of the two November
Warrants are $.20 and $.24 per warrant share, respectively. The fair
value of the November warrants was estimated to be $48,000 ($.064 per
warrant) based upon a financial analysis of the terms of the warrants
using the Black-Sholes Pricing Model with the following assumptions:
expected volatility of 20%; a risk free interest rate of 5.75% and an
expected holding period of one year. This amount has been reflected in
the accompanying consolidated financial statements as interest expense
related to the convertible debenture.
F-17
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 8. CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES (Continued)
Based on the terms for conversion associated with the November
Debenture, there is an intrinsic value associated with the beneficial
conversion feature of $625,000. Since conversion can occur immediately
upon issuance of the debenture, this amount has been recognized as
interest expense.
1998 1997
---- ----
Unpaid principal balance of November debenture $1,500,000 $ --
Unpaid principal balance of October debenture -- 2,880,000
Less unamortized discount 42,081 495,207
----------- ------------
Convertible debenture, net $1,457,919 $2,384,793
=========== ============
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
GENERAL
Potential Claim for Royalties
The Company may be subject to claims from certain third parties for
royalties due on sale of RETICULOSE in an amount equal to 5% of net
sales in the United States and 4% of net sales in foreign
countries. The Company has not as yet received any notice of claim
from such parties.
Product Liability
The Company could be subjected to claims for adverse reactions
resulting from the use of RETICULOSE. Although the Company is
unaware of any such claims or threatened claims since RETICULOSE
was initially marketed in the 1940's, one study noted adverse
reactions from highly concentrated doses in guinea pigs. In the
event any claims for substantial amounts were successful, they
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial
condition and on the marketability of RETICULOSE. As of the date
hereof, the Company does not have product liability insurance for
RETICULOSE. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able
to secure such insurance in adequate amounts, at reasonable
premiums if it determined to do so. Should the Company be unable to
secure such product liability insurance, the risk of loss to the
Company in the event of claims would be greatly increased and could
materially adversely affect the Company.
Lack of Patent Protection
The Company does not presently have a patent for RETICULOSE but the
Company has two patents for the use of RETICULOSE as a treatment.
The Company currently has 32 patent applications pending with the
U.S. Patent Office. The Company can give no assurance that other
companies, having greater economic resources, will not be
successful in developing a similar product. There can be no
assurance that such patents, if obtained, will be enforceable.
F-18
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
GENERAL (Continued)
Capital Lease
During 1998 the Company entered into a purchase lease agreement for
equipment totaling $222,318. The lease calls for monthly payments
of $4,529 for 60 months commencing on September 1998 and expiring
on July 2003. Future minimum capital lease payments and the net
present value of the future minimum lease payments at December 31,
1998 are as follows:
Year ending December 31:
1999 $ 54,348
2000 54,348
2001 54,348
2002 54,348
2003 31,703
--------
Total minimum lease payments 249,095
Less amount representing interest (43,380)
--------
Present value of net minimum lease payments 205,715
Current maturities (38,335)
--------
$167,380
========
Operating Leases
Management executed a non-cancelable lease for new office space in
Florida on January 1, 1996, expiring on December 31, 1999 at
approximately $14,000 annually. The Company has the option to renew
for an additional three years. Management intends to exercise its
option for the year 2000.
On December 30, 1998, the Company executed an amendment to its
existing lease dated April 1997 for the laboratory facilities in
Yonkers, New York. The lease on the additional space is effective
May 1, 1999. The new lease adds 10,550 square feet (for a total of
16,650 square feet) and extends its term until April 2005.
Annual rent on the original lease is approximately $85,500. Rent
for the additional facilities is approximately $175,000. Total
rental commitment for the laboratory facilities will be $260,500.
The Company leased an auto on October 26, 1996 for 36 months at
$450 per month.
Lease expense for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996
totaled $121,477, $76,351 and $13,315, respectively.
F-19
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
GENERAL (Continued)
Operating Leases
Future minimum lease payments are as follows:
Year ending December 31:
1999 $ 177,000
2000 274,000
2001 260,000
2002 280,000
2003 290,000
Thereafter 580,000
------------
Total $1,861,000
============
TESTING AGREEMENTS
Plata Partners Limited Partnership
On March 20, 1992, the Company entered into an agreement with Plata
Partners Limited Partnership ("Plata") pursuant to which Plata
agreed to perform a demonstration in the Dominican Republic in
accordance with a certain agreed upon protocol (the "Protocol") to
assess the efficacy of a treatment using RETICULOSE incorporated in
the Protocol against AIDS (the "Plata Agreement"). Plata covered
all costs and expenses associated with the demonstration.
Pursuant to the Plata Agreement, the Company authorized the
issuance to Plata of 5,000,000 shares of common stock and options
to purchase an additional 5,000,000 shares at $.08 per share
through July 9, 1994 (the "Plata Options") and 5,000,000 shares at
$.10 per share through July 9, 1994 (the "Additional Plata
Options"). Pursuant to several amendments, the Plata Options and
the Additional Plata Options are exercisable through April 30, 1999
at an exercise price of $.14 and $.16, respectively. As of December
31, 1998, there are outstanding Plata Options to acquire 683,300
shares at $.14 per share and Additional Plata Options to acquire
108,100 shares at an exercise price of $.16 per share. Through
December 31, 1998, the Company has received approximately
$1,332,000 pursuant to the issuance of approximately 9.2 million
shares in connection with the exercise of the Plata Options and the
Additional Plata Options.
F-20
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
TESTING AGREEMENTS
Argentine Agreement
In April 1996, the Company entered into an agreement (the
"Argentine Agreement") with DCT SRL, an Argentine corporation
unaffiliated with the Company ("DCT") pursuant to which DCT was to
cause a clinical trial to be conducted in two separate hospitals
located in Buenos Aires, Argentina (the "Clinical Trials").
Pursuant to the Argentine Agreement, the Clinical Trials were to be
conducted pursuant to a protocol developed by Juan Carlos Flichman,
M.D. and the purpose of the Clinical Trials was to assess the
efficacy of the Company's drug RETICULOSE on the Human Papilloma
Virus (HPV). The protocol calls for, among other things, a study to
be performed with clinical and laboratory follow-up on 12 male and
female human patients between the ages of 18 and 50. The Clinical
Trials did not include a placebo control group or references to any
other antiviral drug.
Pursuant to the Argentine Agreement, the Company delivered $34,000
to DCT to cover out-of-pocket expenses associated with the Clinical
Trials. The Argentine Agreement further provides that at the
conclusion of the Clinical Trials, DCT shall cause Dr. Flichman to
prepare and deliver a written report to the Company regarding the
methodology and results of the Clinical Trials (the "Written
Report"). In September 1996, the Written Report was delivered by
Dr. Flichman to the Company. Upon delivery of the Written Report to
the Company, the Company delivered to the principals of DCT options
to acquire 2,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock for a
period of one year from the date of the delivery of the Written
Report, at a purchase price of $.20 per share. Pursuant to several
amendments, the DCT options are exercisable through April 30, 1999
at an exercise price of $.21 per share. As of December 31, 1998,
473,500 shares of common stock were issued pursuant to the exercise
of these options for an aggregate exercise price of approximately
$95,000.
In June 1994, DCT SRL and the Company entered into an exclusive
distribution agreement whereby the Company granted to DCT, subject
to certain conditions, the exclusive right to market and sell
RETICULOSE in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, and
Chile (the "DCT Exclusive Distribution Agreement").
In April 1996, the Company entered into an agreement with DCT (the
HIV-HPV Agreement") whereby the Company agreed to provide to DCT or
its assignees, up to $600,000 to cover the costs of a double blind
placebo controlled study in approximately 150 patients to assess
the efficacy of RETICULOSE for the treatment of persons diagnosed
with the HIV virus (AIDS) and HPV (the "HIV-HPV Study").
Subsequently, the Company has agreed to advance additional funds
towards such study.
In connection with the HIV-HPV Agreement, the Company has advanced
approximately $665,000, which is accounted for as a research and
development expense. The amounts have been used to cover expenses
associated with clinical activities of the HIV-HPV Study.
F-21
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
TESTING AGREEMENTS (Continued)
Argentine Agreement (Continued)
The HIV-HPV Agreement provides that (i) in the event the date from
the HIV-HPV Study is used in connection with RETICULOSE being
approved for commercial sale anywhere within the territory granted
under the DCT Exclusive Distribution Agreement or (ii) DCT receives
financing to cover the costs of the HIV-HPV Study, then DCT is
obligated to reimburse the Company for all amounts expended in
connection with the HIV-HPV Study.
In October 1997, the Company entered into two agreements with DCT,
whereby the Company agreed to provide DCT or its assignees, up to
$220,000 and $341,000 to cover the costs of double blind placebo
controlled studies in approximately 360 and 240 patients,
respectively to assess the efficacy of the topical application of
RETICULOSE for the treatment of persons diagnosed with Herpes
Labialis/Genital Infections (the "Herpes Study") and HPV (the "HPV
Topical Study").
In connection with the Herpes Study and the HPV Topical Study
(collectively, the "Studies"), the Company has advanced
approximately $58,000 and $132,800, respectively. Such expenses are
accounted for as research and development expenses. The amounts
expended have been used to cover expenses associated with
pre-clinical activities. Neither the Herpes Study nor the HPV
Topical Study has commenced.
Both Agreements with DCT provide that (i) in the event the data
from the Studies are used in connection with RETICULOSE being
approved for commercial sale anywhere within the territory granted
under the DCT Exclusive Distribution Agreement or (ii), DCT
receives financing to cover the costs of the Studies, then DCT is
obligated to reimburse the Company for all amounts respectively
expended in connection with the Studies.
In February 1998, the Company entered into an agreement with DCT
(the "Concurrent Agreement") whereby the Company agreed to provide
DCT or its assignees, up to $413,000 to cover the costs of a study
in 65 patients to compare the results of treatment of patients with
AIDS taking a three drug cocktail and RETICULOSE with those taking
a three drug cocktail and a placebo. As of December 31, 1998, the
Company has advanced approximately $50,000 for such study, which
has been accounted for as research and development expense.
In May 1998, the Company entered into an agreement with DCT (the
"Rheumatoid Arthritis Agreement") whereby the Company agreed to
provide DCT or its assignees, up to $95,000 to cover the costs of a
controlled study in 30 patients to determine the efficacy of
RETICULOSE for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in humans. In
connection with this study, the Company has advanced approximately
$75,000, which has been accounted for as research and development
expenses.
F-22
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
TESTING AGREEMENTS (Continued)
Argentine Agreement (Continued)
In July 1998, the Company authorized expenditures of up to $90,000
to study the effects of RETICULOSE in inhibiting the mutation of
the AIDS virus. As of December 31, 1998, the Company has advanced
approximately $50,000 for such study, which has been accounted for
as research and development expense.
Barbados Study
A double blind study assessing the efficacy of the Company's drug
RETICULOSE in 43 human patients diagnosed with HIV (AIDS) is being
conducted at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Bridgetown, Barbados
(the "Barbados Study"). As of December 31, 1998, the Company has
expended approximately $385,000 to cover the costs of the Barbados
Study. In December 1996, the Company received from the coordinators
of the Barbados Study, a written summary of results of the Barbados
Study (the "Written Summary").
In July 1998, the Company authorized expenditures of up to $45,000
to study the effects of RETICULOSE in inhibiting the mutation of
the AIDS virus. As of December 31, 1998, the Company has advanced
approximately $5,000 for such study, which has been accounted for
as research and development expense.
National Cancer Institute Agreement
In March 1997, the Company entered into a Material Transfer
Agreement - Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the
National Cancer Institute ("NCI") of the National Institutes of
Health. Under the terms of the Agreement, NCI researchers and the
Company will collaborate to elucidate the molecular mechanism by
which RETICULOSE affects the transcription of the gamma interferon
gene. This agreement was extended for an additional one year term
through March 3, 1999 to investigate the anti-tumor activity of
RETICULOSE using kidney tumor model systems. In addition, NCI will
study the effects of RETICULOSE on inflammation associated with
rheumatoid arthritis.
Topical Safety Study
During 1998, the Company paid approximately $200,000 for a safety
study conducted in the United States for the topical use of
RETICULOSE.
F-23
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
CONSULTING AGREEMENTS
Hirschman Agreement
In May 1995, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with
Shalom Hirschman, M.D., Professor of Medicine of Mt. Sinai School
of Medicine, New York, New York and Director of Mt. Sinai's
Division of Infectious Diseases and now president of AVRC, whereby
Dr. Hirschman was to provide consulting services to the Company
through May 1997. The consulting services included the development
and location of pharmacological and biotechnology companies and
assisting the Company in seeking joint ventures with and financing
of companies in such industries.
In connection with the consulting agreement, the Company issued to
Dr. Hirschman 1,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock and
the option to acquire 5,000,000 shares of the Company's common
stock for a period of three years as per the vesting schedule as
referred to in the agreement, at a purchase price of $.18 per
share. In addition and in connection with entering into the
consulting agreement with Dr. Hirschman, the Company issued to a
person unaffiliated with the Company, 100,000 shares of the
Company's common stock, and an option to acquire for a period of
one year, from June 1, 1995, an additional 500,000 shares at a
purchase price of $.18 per share. As of December 31, 1998, 900,000
shares have been issued upon exercise of these options for cash
consideration of $162,000 under this Agreement.
In March 1996, the Company entered into an addendum to the
consulting agreement with Dr. Hirschman whereby Dr. Hirschman
agreed to provide consulting services to the Company through May
2000 (the "Addendum"). Pursuant to the Addendum, the Company
granted to Dr. Hirschman and his designees options to purchase an
aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock for a
three year period pursuant to the following schedule: (i) options
to purchase 5,000,000 shares exercisable at any time and from time
to time commencing March 24, 1996 and ending March 23, 1999 at an
exercise price of $.19 per share, of which options to acquire
500,000 shares were assigned by Dr. Hirschman to Richard Rubin,
consultant to Dr. Hirschman; (ii) options to purchase 5,000,000
shares exercisable at any time and from time to time commencing
March 24, 1997 and ending March 23, 1999 at an exercise price of
$.27 per share, of which options to acquire 500,000 shares were
assigned by Dr. Hirschman to Richard Rubin, consultant to Dr.
Hirschman; and (iii) options to purchase 5,000,000 shares
exercisable at any time and from time to time commencing March 24,
1998 and ending March 23, 1999 at an exercise price of $.36 per
share, of which options to acquire 500,000 shares were assigned by
Dr. Hirschman to Richard Rubin, consultant to Dr. Hirschman. In
addition, the Company has agreed to cause the shares underlying
these options to be registered so long as there is no cost to the
Company. As of December 31, 1998, 500,000 shares of common stock
were issued pursuant to the exercise of stock options by Richard
Rubin. Mr. Rubin has, from time to time in the past, advised the
Company on matters unrelated to his consultation with Dr.
Hirschman.
F-24
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
CONSULTING AGREEMENTS (Continued)
Hirschman Agreement (Continued)
In November 1997, Dr. Hirschman assigned to Henry Kamioner, a
consultant to Dr. Hirschman, options to acquire 1,500,000 shares
(500,000 at $.19, 500,000 at $.27 and 500,000 at $.36).
On October 14, 1996, the Company and Dr. Hirschman entered into an
agreement (the "Employment Agreement") whereby Dr. Hirschman has
agreed to serve as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the
Company for a period of three years, subject to earlier termination
by either party, either for cause as defined in and in accordance
with the provisions of the Employment Agreement, or if the Company
does not receive on or prior to December 31, 1997, funding of
$3,000,000 from sources other than traditional institutional/bank
debt financing or proceeds from the purchase by Dr. Hirschman of
the Company's securities, including, without limitation, the
exercise of Dr. Hirschman of outstanding stock options. Pursuant to
the Employment Agreement, Dr. Hirschman is entitled to receive an
annual base salary of $325,000, use of an automobile, major
medical, term life, disability and dental insurance benefits for
the term of his employment. The Employment Agreement further
provides that Dr. Hirschman shall be nominated by the Company to
serve as a member of the Company's Board of Directors and that
Bernard Friedland and William Bregman will vote in favor of Dr.
Hirschman as a director of the Company, for the duration of Dr.
Hirschman's employment, and since October 1996, Dr. Hirschman has
served as a member of the Company's Board of Directors.
On February 18, 1998, the Board of Directors authorized a $100,000
bonus to Dr. Hirschman and granted options to acquire 23,000,000
shares of stock at $0.27 per option share provided that the Company
is granted FDA approval for testing in the United States.
In July 1998, the Company and Dr. Hirschman entered into an amended
and restated employment agreement, which supersedes in its entirety
the original employment agreement of October 1996. Such amendment
and restatement extends the term of the employment agreement to
December 31, 2000. Additionally, the February 1998 Board of
Directors action regarding the $100,000 bonus and the granting of
23,000,000 options (contingent upon the occurrence of certain
events) is included in this employment agreement.
F-25
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
CONSULTING AGREEMENTS (Continued)
Cohen Agreements
In September 1992, the Company entered into a one year consulting
agreement with Leonard Cohen (the "September 1992 Cohen
Agreement"). The September 1992 Cohen Agreement required that Mr.
Cohen provide certain consulting services to the Company in
exchange for the Company's issuing to Mr. Cohen 1,000,000 shares of
common stock (the "September 1992 Cohen Shares"), 500,000 of which
were issuable upon execution of the September 1992 Cohen Agreement
and the remaining 500,000 shares of which were issuable upon Mr.
Cohen completing 50 hours of consulting service to the Company. The
Company issued the first 500,000 shares to Mr. Cohen in October
1992 and the remaining 500,000 shares to Mr. Cohen in February
1993. Further pursuant to the September 1992 Cohen Agreement, the
Company granted to Mr. Cohen the option to acquire, at any time and
from time to time through September 10, 1993 (which date has been
extended through April 30, 1999), the option to acquire 3,000,000
shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $.09
per share (which exercise price has been increased to $.15 per
share) (the "September 1992 Cohen Options"). As of December 31,
1998, 1,300,000 of the September 1992 Cohen Options have been
exercised for cash consideration of $156,000.
In February 1993, the Company entered into a second consulting
agreement with Mr. Cohen (the "February 1993 Cohen Agreement") for
a three year term commencing on March 1, 1993. The February 1993
Cohen Agreement provides that Mr. Cohen provide financing business
consulting services concerning the operations of the business of
the Company and possible strategic transactions in exchange for the
Company issuing to Mr. Cohen 3,500,000 shares of common stock (the
"February 1993 Cohen Shares"), 1,500,000 shares of which Mr. Cohen
has informed the Company he has assigned to certain other persons
not affiliated with the Company or any of its officers or
directors.
In July 1994, in consideration for services related to the
introduction, negotiation and execution of a distribution agreement
the Company issued: (i) to Mr. Cohen, an additional 2,500,000
shares (the "April 1994 Cohen Shares") and (ii) to each of Elliot
Bauer and Lee Rizzuto, 625,000 shares (the "Bauer and Rizzuto
Shares") as well as options to acquire an additional 5,000,000
shares each at $.10 per share exercisable through May 1, 1996 (the
"Bauer and Rizzuto Options"). The Company has been informed that
Messrs. Cohen, Bauer and Rizzuto are principals of a firm, which
has been granted certain distribution rights, which were terminated
on May 31, 1995. Through December 31, 1997, 2,855,000 shares were
issued pursuant to the exercise of the Bauer and Rizzuto Options
for an aggregate exercise price of $285,500. Mr. Rizzuto sold all
of his shares and all shares underlying his options. Pursuant to
several amendments, the remaining Bauer options are exercisable
through April 30, 1999 at an option price of $.13. The Company
agreed to issue to Cohen an additional 300,000 shares in 1995 at a
time when the shares were valued at $.14 per share, in
consideration for expenditures incurred by Mr. Cohen in connection
with securing for the benefit of the Company and the affiliated
distributor, the continued services of a doctor.
F-26
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)
CONSULTING AGREEMENTS (Continued)
Cohen Agreements (Continued)
The issuance of the September 1992 Cohen Shares, the February 1993
Cohen Shares, the April 1994 Cohen Shares and the Bauer and Rizzuto
Shares have been accounted for as an administrative expense in the
amount of the Company's valuation of such shares as of the issuance
date. During the year ended December 31, 1996, Mr. Cohen was issued
300,000 shares for services rendered. These shares were accounted
for as an administrative expense in the amount of the Company's
valuation of such shares as of the issuance date.
Chinnici Agreement
In July 1998, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with
Dr. Angelo A. Chinnici for a term extending to December 31, 2000.
Such agreement calls for Dr. Chinnici to provide assistance in
connection with research, development, production, marketing and
sale of RETICULOSE. Additionally, Dr. Chinnici will testify before
the FDA in connection with an application for approval of
RETICULOSE and will provide detailed clinical reports regarding
patients observed by him. Dr. Chinnici will receive options to
purchase 300,000 shares at an exercise price of $.30 per share. The
options will be exercisable in equal installments on January 1,
1999 and 2000 and December 15, 2000.
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS
The Company currently is a party to separate agreements with four
different entities (the "Entities"), whereby the Company has granted
exclusive rights to distribute RETICULOSE in the countries of China,
Japan, Macao, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay,
Uruguay, Brazil, Chile, Channel Islands, The Isle of Man, British West
Indies, Jamaica, Haiti, Bermuda, Belize and Saudi Arabia. Pursuant to
these agreements, distributors are obligated to cause RETICULOSE to be
approved for commercial sale in such countries and upon such approval,
to purchase from the Company certain minimum quantities of RETICULOSE
to maintain the exclusive distribution rights. Leonard Cohen, a former
consultant to the Company, has informed the Company that he is an
affiliate of two of these entities. To date, the Company has recorded
revenue classified as other income for the sale of territorial rights
under the distribution agreements. No sales have been made by the
Company under the distribution agreements other than for testing
purposes.
Additionally, pursuant to one of the distributions agreements, the
Company granted the distributor the right to acquire 3,000,000 shares
of the Company's common stock at a purchase price of $.25 (which has
been increased to $.26) upon the completion of certain tests and the
publication of a paper with respect to such tests. During May 1998,
300,000 shares of common stock were issued pursuant to exercise of
these options for an aggregate exercise price of $78,000.
F-27
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 10. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
During 1997, the Company issued 10,931,516 shares of common stock for
an aggregate consideration of $1,412,166. These amounts were comprised
of the issuance of common stock pursuant to the exercise of stock
options of 3,333,333 shares for $247,666 and the issuance of common
stock in exchange for consulting services of 150,000 shares for
consideration of $44,500 and the issuance of common stock upon
conversion of debt of 7,448,183 shares for $1,120,000.
During 1998, the Company issued 18,460,333 shares of common stock for
an aggregate consideration of $3,158,400. The amounts were comprised of
the issuance of common stock pursuant to the exercise of stock options
of 1,555,000 shares for $257,400 and the issuance of common stock in
exchange for consulting services of 100,000 shares for consideration of
$21,000 and the issuance of common stock upon commission of debt of
16,805,333 shares for $2,880,000.
NOTE 11. INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109,
Accounting for Income Taxes. SFAS No. 109 is an asset and liability
approach for computing deferred income taxes.
As of December 31, 1998 and 1997, the Company had a net operating loss
carryforward for Federal income tax reporting purposes amounting to
approximately $9,700,000 and $6,300,000, which expire in varying
amounts to 2018.
The Company presently has one significant temporary difference between
financial reporting and income tax reporting relating to interest
expense on the beneficial conversion feature of the convertible debt.
The components of the deferred tax asset as of December 31, 1998 and
1997 were as follows:
1998 1997
---- ----
Benefit of net operating loss carryforwards $3,300,000 $2,100,000
Less valuation allowance 3,300,000 2,100,000
---------- ----------
Net deferred tax asset $ -- $ --
========== ==========
As of December 31, 1998, sufficient uncertainty exists regarding the
realizability of these operating loss carryforwards and, accordingly, a
valuation allowance of $3,300,000 has been established.
F-28
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 12. ESTIMATED FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The information set forth below provides disclosure of the estimated
fair value of the Company's financial instruments presented in
accordance with the requirements of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (SFAS) No. 107. Fair value estimates discussed herein are
based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information
available to management as of December 31, 1998. Since the reported
fair values of financial instruments are based upon a variety of
factors, they may not represent actual values that could have been
realized as December 31, 1998 or that will be realized in the future.
The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial
instruments approximated their fair values. These financial instruments
include cash, U.S. government obligations, accounts payable and the
convertible debentures. Fair values were assumed to approximate
carrying values for these financial instruments since they are
short-term in nature and their carrying amounts approximate fair values
or they are receivable or payable on demand.
The fair value of non-current investments, primarily U.S. government
obligations, has been estimated using quoted market prices. At December
31, 1998, the differences between the estimated fair value and the
carrying value of non-current and current debt instruments were
considered immaterial in relation to the Company's financial position.
NOTE 13. DEFERRED COMPENSATION COST
As more fully described in Note 9 to these consolidated financial
statements, the Company granted stock options in exchange for testing
and consulting services. In accordance with SFAS 123, Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation (effective for options granted after December
15, 1995), the Company recognized compensation cost based on the fair
value at the grant dates. The compensation cost is amortized over the
life of the option period. The fair value of the stock options used to
compute deferred compensation cost is the estimated present value at
grant date using the Black-Sholes option pricing model with the
following assumptions: Expected volatility of 20%; a risk-free interest
rate of 6% and an expected holding period ranging from 1-3 years. The
deferred compensation cost is reported as a component of stockholders'
equity. At December 31, 1998 and 1997, there were approximately
5,500,000 and 7,000,000 option shares outstanding with a weighted
average exercise price of $0.195 per share.
NOTE 14. RESTATEMENT
The accompanying financial statements for 1998 have been restated to
record as interest expense, the amortization of the beneficial
conversion feature associated with the November Debenture (Note 8)
based on the date the debenture first became convertible. The effect of
the restatement was to increase net loss for year ended December 31,
1998 by $572,917 ($.00 per share). The net effect of the restatement
represents a non-cash interest charge to operations.
F-29
ADVANCED VIRAL RESEARCH CORP.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Continued)
NOTE 14. RESTATEMENT (Continued)
Additionally, $950,000 of expenses related to facilities and laboratory
technician costs associated with the New York facility was reclassified
from general and administrative to research and development expense.
This reclassification had no effect upon net loss for 1998.
The accompanying financial statements for 1998 and 1997 have been
restated to reclassify $229,978 and $111,957 of amortization of debt
issue costs from depreciation and amortization to interest expense.
This reclassification had no effect upon net loss for 1998 and 1997.
The effect of the changes on the financial statements are as follows:
December 31, 1998
-----------------
As
Previously As
Reported Restatement Restated
-------- ----------- --------
Convertible Debenture, net $ 885,002 $ 572,917 $ 1,457,919
============ ============ ============
Deficit accumulated during the development
stage $(12,978,059) $ (572,917) $(13,550,976)
============ ============ ============
Research and development $ 709,456 $ 950,000 $ 1,659,456
============ ============ ============
General and administrative $ 2,370,427 $ (950,000) $ 1,420,427
============ ============ ============
Depreciation and Amortization $ 340,098 $ (229,978) $ 110,120
============ ============ ============
Interest expense $ 667,804 $ 572,917 $ 1,470,699
============ ============ ============
Net loss $ (3,984,793) $ (572,917) $ (4,557,710)
============ ============ ============
Net loss per share of common stock - basic
and diluted ($ .01) ($ .01) ($ .02)
December 31, 1997
-----------------
Interest expense $1,626,368 $ 111,957 $1,738,325
========== ========== ==========
Depreciation and amortization $ 138,245 $ (111,957) $ 26,288
========== ========== ==========
F-30
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION
- ------- -----------
3.1 Articles of Incorporation of Advanced Viral Research Corp. (2)
3.2 Bylaws of Advanced Viral Research Corp., as amended (1)
3.3 Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Advanced Viral Research Corp. (2)
4.1 Specimen Certificate of Common Stock. (1)
4.2 Specimen Warrant Certificate. (1)
4.3 Warrant Agreement between the Company and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company. (1)
4.4 Forms of Common Stock Options and Agreements granted by the Company to TRM Management
Corp. (5)
4.5 Form of Common Stock Option and Agreement granted by the Company to Plata Partners Limited
Partnership. (11)
4.6 Consulting Agreement, dated September 11, 1992, and Form of Common Stock granted by the
Company to Leonard Cohen. (6)
4.7 Addendum to Agreement granted by the Company to Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D. dated March 24,
1996. (10)
4.8 Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 16, 1998, by and between the Company and RBB
Bank AG. (12)(xv)
4.9 7% Convertible Debenture dated November 16, 1998. (12)(xv)
4.1 Warrant dated November 16, 1998 to purchase 375,000 shares of common stock at $.20 per share.
(12)(xv)
4.11 Warrant dated November 16, 1998 to purchase 375,000 shares of common stock at $.24 per share.
(12)(xv)
4.12 Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 22, 1998, by and between the Company and various
purchasers. (13)
4.13 Form of Warrant dated December 22, 1998 to purchase shares of common stock of the Company at
$.2040 per share. (13)
4.14 Form of Warrant dated December 22, 1998 to purchase shares of common stock of the Company at
$.2448 per share. (13)
10.1 Declaration of Trust by Bernard Friedland and William Bregman in favor of the Company dated
November 16, 1987. (11)
10.2 Clinical Trials Agreement, dated September 19, 1990, between Clinique Medical Actuel and the
Company. (3)
10.3 Letter, dated March 15, 1991 to the Company from Health Protection Branch. (3)
10.4 Agreement dated August 20, 1991 between TRM Management Corp. and the Company. (14)(i)
10.5 Lease dated December 18, 1991 between Bayview Associates, Inc. and the Company. (4)
10.6 Lease Agreement, dated February 16, 1993 between Stortford Brickell Inc. and the Company. (7)
10.7 Consulting Agreement dated February 28, 1993 between Leonard Cohen and the Company. (8)
10.8 Medical Advisor Agreement, dated as of September 14, 1993, between Lionel Resnick, M.D. and the
Company. (14)(ii)
10.9 Agreement, dated November 9, 1993, between Dormer Laboratories Inc. and the Company. (11)
10.1 Exclusive Distribution Agreement, dated April 25, 1994, between C.U.R.E. Pharmaceutical Corp. and
the Company. (14)(iii)
10.11 Exclusive Distribution Agreement, dated as of June 1, 1994, between C.U.R.E. Pharmaceutica Central
Americas Ltd. and the Company. (14)(iv)
10.12 Exclusive Distribution Agreement dated as of June 17, 1994 between DCT S.R.L. and the Company,
as amended. (14)(v)
10.13 Contract, dated as of October 25, 1994 between Commonwealth Pharmaceuticals of the Channel
Islands and the Company. (14)(vi)
10.14 Agreement dated May 24, 1995 between the Company and Deborah Silver. (9)
10.15 Agreement dated May 29, 1995 between the Company and Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D. (9)
10.16 Exclusive Distribution Agreement, dated as of June 2, 1995, between AVIX International
Pharmaceutical Corp. and the Company. (11)
10.17 Supplement to Exclusive Distribution Agreement, dated November 2, 1995 with Commonwealth
Pharmaceuticals. (11)
10.18 Exclusive Distributorship & Limited License Agreement, dated
December 28, 1995, between AVIX International Pharmaceutical Corp.,
Beijing Unistone Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and the Company.
(14)(vii)
10.19 Modification Agreement, dated December 28, 1995, between AVIX International Pharmaceutical
Corp. and the Company. (14)(vii)
10.2 Agreement dated April 1, 1996, between DCT S.R.L. and the Company. (14)(viii)
10.21 Addendum, dated as of March 24, 1996, to Consulting Agreement between the Company and Shalom
Z. Hirschman, M.D. (10)
10.22 Addendum to Agreement, dated July 11, 1996, between AVIX International Pharmaceutical Corp.
and the Company. (14)(ix)
10.23 Employment Agreement, dated October 17, 1996, between the Company and Shalom Z. Hirschman,
M.D. (14)(x)
10.24 Lease, dated February 7, 1997 between Robert Martin Company, LLC and the Company. (11)
10.25 Copy of Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated February 21, 1997 between the Company and RBB
Bank AG. (14)(xi)
10.26 Material Transfer Agreement-Cooperative Research And Development Agreement, dated March 13,
1997, between National Institute of Health, Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. (14)(xii)
10.27 Copy of Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated September 26, 1997 between the Company and RBB
Bank AG. (14)(xiii)
10.28 Copy of Extension to Materials Transfer Agreement-Cooperative
Research and Development Agreement, dated March 4, 1998, between
National Institute of Health, Food and Drug Administration and the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (13)
10.29 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated July 8, 1998 between the Company and
Shalom Z. Hirschman, M.D.(14)(xiv)
10.30 Consulting Agreement between the Company and Angelo Chinnici, M.D dated July 1, 1998. *
10.31 Consulting Agreement between the Company and GloboMax LLC dated January 18, 1999. *
21 Subsidiaries of Registrant: Advanced Viral Research, Ltd., a Bahamian corporation.
27 Financial Data Schedule for the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 1998. *
* Filed herewith.
1. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended, File No.
33-33895, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 19,
1990.
2. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-18, File No. 33-2262-A, filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 1989.
3. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
1990.
4. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's Annual Report on form 10-K for period ended March 31, 1991.
5. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
1991.
6. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 1992.
7. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10- KSB for the fiscal year ended December
31, 1992.
8. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's report on Form 10-QSB for the period ended March 31, 1993.
9. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's report on Form 10-QSB for the period ended June 30, 1995.
10. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's report on Form 10-QSB for the period ended March 31, 1996.
11. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10- KSB for the fiscal year ended December
31, 1996.
12. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10- KSB for the fiscal year ended December
31, 1997.
13. Documents incorporated by reference herein to certain exhibits the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-70523, filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 1999.
14. Incorporated by reference herein to the Company's Reports on Form 8-K and
Exhibits thereto as follows: (i) A report on Form 8-K dated January 3,
1992.
(ii) A report on Form 8-K dated September 14, 1993.
(iii) A report on Form 8-K dated April 25, 1994.
(iv) A report on Form 8-K dated June 3, 1994.
(v) A report on Form 8-K dated June 17, 1994.
(vi) A report on Form 8-K dated October 25, 1994.
(vii) A report on Form 8-K dated December 28, 1995.
(viii) A report on Form 8-K dated April 22, 1996.
(ix) A report on Form 8-K dated July 12, 1996.
(x) A report on Form 8-K dated October 17, 1996.
(xi) A report on Form 8-K dated February 21, 1997.
(xii) A report on Form 8-K dated March 25, 1997.
(xiii) A report on Form 8-K dated September 26, 1997
(xiv) A report on Form 8-K dated July 21, 1998
(xv) A report on Form 8-K dated November 24, 1998.