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EXHIBIT 12 A
CODE OF ETHICS FOR PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE AND SENIOR FINANCIAL OFFICERS
ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 28, 2004, AS AMENDED SEPTEMBER 20, 2005
I. This Code of Ethics (the "Code") for the investment companies within the
Morgan Stanley complex identified in Exhibit A (collectively, "Funds" and
each, a "Fund") applies to each Fund's Principal Executive Officer,
President, Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer (or persons
performing similar functions) ("Covered Officers" each of whom are set
forth in Exhibit B) for the purpose of promoting:
- honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual
or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional
relationships.
- full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in
reports and documents that a company files with, or submits to, the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and in other public
communications made by the Fund;
- compliance with applicable laws and governmental rules and
regulations;
- prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code to an
appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and
- accountability for adherence to the Code.
Each Covered Officer should adhere to a high standard of business
ethics and should be sensitive to situations that may give rise to actual as
well as apparent conflicts of interest. Any question about the application of
the Code should be referred to the General Counsel or his/her designee (who is
set forth in Exhibit C).
II. COVERED OFFICERS SHOULD HANDLE ETHICALLY ACTUAL AND APPARENT CONFLICTS OF
INTEREST
OVERVIEW. A "conflict of interest" occurs when a Covered Officer's
private interest interferes, or appears to interfere, with the interests of, or
his service to, the Fund. For example, a conflict of interest would arise if a
Covered Officer, or a member of his family, receives improper personal benefits
as a result of his position with the Fund.
Certain conflicts of interest arise out of the relationships between
Covered Officers and the Fund and already are subject to conflict of interest
provisions in the
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Investment Company Act of 1940 ("Investment Company Act") and the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940 ("Investment Advisers Act"). For example, Covered Officers
may not individually engage in certain transactions (such as the purchase or
sale of securities or other property) with the Fund because of their status as
"affiliated persons" (as defined in the Investment Company Act) of the Fund. The
Fund's and its investment adviser's compliance programs and procedures are
designed to prevent, or identify and correct, violations of these provisions.
This Code does not, and is not intended to, repeat or replace these programs and
procedures, and such conflicts fall outside the parameters of this Code, unless
or until the General Counsel determines that any violation of such programs and
procedures is also a violation of this Code.
Although typically not presenting an opportunity for improper personal
benefit, conflicts may arise from, or as a result of, the contractual
relationship between the Fund and its investment adviser of which the Covered
Officers are also officers or employees. As a result, this Code recognizes that
the Covered Officers will, in the normal course of their duties (whether
formally for the Fund or for the investment adviser, or for both), be involved
in establishing policies and implementing decisions that will have different
effects on the Fund and its investment adviser. The participation of the Covered
Officers in such activities is inherent in the contractual relationship between
the Fund and the investment adviser and is consistent with the performance by
the Covered Officers of their duties as officers of the Fund. Thus, if performed
in conformity with the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the
Investment Advisers Act, such activities will be deemed to have been handled
ethically. In addition, it is recognized by the Funds' Boards of
Directors/Trustees ("Boards") that the Covered Officers may also be officers or
employees of one or more other investment companies covered by this or other
codes.
Other conflicts of interest are covered by the Code, even if such
conflicts of interest are not subject to provisions in the Investment Company
Act and the Investment Advisers Act. The following list provides examples of
conflicts of interest under the Code, but Covered Officers should keep in mind
that these examples are not exhaustive. The overarching principle is that the
personal interest of a Covered Officer should not be placed improperly before
the interest of the Fund.
Each Covered Officer must not:
- use his personal influence or personal relationships improperly to
influence investment decisions or financial reporting by the Fund
whereby the Covered Officer would benefit personally (directly or
indirectly);
- cause the Fund to take action, or fail to take action, for the
individual personal benefit of the Covered Officer rather than the
benefit of the Fund; or
- use material non-public knowledge of portfolio transactions made or
contemplated for, or actions proposed to be taken by, the Fund to
trade personally or cause others to trade personally in
contemplation of the market effect of such transactions.
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Each Covered Officer must, at the time of signing this Code, report to
the General Counsel all affiliations or significant business relationships
outside the Morgan Stanley complex and must update the report annually.
Conflict of interest situations should always be approved by the General
Counsel and communicated to the relevant Fund or Fund's Board. Any activity or
relationship that would present such a conflict for a Covered Officer would
likely also present a conflict for the Covered Officer if an immediate member of
the Covered Officer's family living in the same household engages in such an
activity or has such a relationship. Examples of these include:
- service or significant business relationships as a director on the
board of any public or private company;
- accepting directly or indirectly, anything of value, including gifts
and gratuities in excess of $100 per year from any person or entity
with which the Fund has current or prospective business dealings,
not including occasional meals or tickets for theatre or sporting
events or other similar entertainment; provided it is
business-related, reasonable in cost, appropriate as to time and
place, and not so frequent as to raise any question of impropriety;
- any ownership interest in, or any consulting or employment
relationship with, any of the Fund's service providers, other than
its investment adviser, principal underwriter, or any affiliated
person thereof; and
- a direct or indirect financial interest in commissions, transaction
charges or spreads paid by the Fund for effecting portfolio
transactions or for selling or redeeming shares other than an
interest arising from the Covered Officer's employment, such as
compensation or equity ownership.
III. DISCLOSURE AND COMPLIANCE
- Each Covered Officer should familiarize himself/herself with the
disclosure and compliance requirements generally applicable to the
Funds;
- each Covered Officer must not knowingly misrepresent, or cause
others to misrepresent, facts about the Fund to others, whether
within or outside the Fund, including to the Fund's
Directors/Trustees and auditors, or to governmental regulators and
self-regulatory organizations;
- each Covered Officer should, to the extent appropriate within his
area of responsibility, consult with other officers and employees of
the Funds and their investment advisers with the goal of promoting
full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in the
reports and documents the Funds file with, or submit to, the SEC and
in other public communications made by the Funds; and
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- it is the responsibility of each Covered Officer to promote
compliance with the standards and restrictions imposed by applicable
laws, rules and regulations.
IV. REPORTING AND ACCOUNTABILITY
Each Covered Officer must:
- upon adoption of the Code (thereafter as applicable, upon becoming a
Covered Officer), affirm in writing to the Boards that he has
received, read and understands the Code;
- annually thereafter affirm to the Boards that he has complied with
the requirements of the Code;
- not retaliate against any other Covered Officer, other officer or
any employee of the Funds or their affiliated persons for reports of
potential violations that are made in good faith; and
- notify the General Counsel promptly if he/she knows or suspects of
any violation of this Code. Failure to do so is itself a violation
of this Code.
The General Counsel is responsible for applying this Code to specific
situations in which questions are presented under it and has the authority to
interpret this Code in any particular situation. However, any waivers(2) sought
by a Covered Officer must be considered by the Board of the relevant Fund or
Funds.
The Funds will follow these procedures in investigating and enforcing
this Code:
- the General Counsel will take all appropriate action to investigate
any potential violations reported to him;
- if, after such investigation, the General Counsel believes that no
violation has occurred, the General Counsel is not required to take
any further action;
- any matter that the General Counsel believes is a violation will be
reported to the relevant Fund's Audit Committee;
- if the directors/trustees/managing general partners who are not
"interested persons" as defined by the Investment Company Act (the
"Independent Directors/Trustees/Managing General Partners") of the
relevant Fund concur that a violation has occurred, they will
consider appropriate action, which may include review of, and
appropriate modifications to, applicable
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(2) Item 2 of Form N-CSR defines "waiver" as "the approval by the registrant of
a material departure from a provision of the code of ethics."
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policies and procedures; notification to appropriate personnel of
the investment adviser or its board; or a recommendation to dismiss
the Covered Officer or other appropriate disciplinary actions;
- the Independent Directors/Trustees/Managing General Partners of the
relevant Fund will be responsible for granting waivers of this Code,
as appropriate; and
- any changes to or waivers of this Code will, to the extent required,
be disclosed as provided by SEC rules.
V. OTHER POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
This Code shall be the sole code of ethics adopted by the Funds for
purposes of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and
forms applicable to registered investment companies thereunder. Insofar as other
policies or procedures of the Funds, the Funds' investment advisers, principal
underwriters, or other service providers govern or purport to govern the
behavior or activities of the Covered Officers who are subject to this Code,
they are superseded by this Code to the extent that they overlap or conflict
with the provisions of this Code unless any provision of this Code conflicts
with any applicable federal or state law, in which case the requirements of such
law will govern. The Funds' and their investment advisers' and principal
underwriters' codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act
and Morgan Stanley's Code of Ethics are separate requirements applying to the
Covered Officers and others, and are not part of this Code.
VI. AMENDMENTS
Any amendments to this Code, other than amendments to Exhibits A, B or C,
must be approved or ratified by a majority vote of the Board of each Fund,
including a majority of Independent Directors/Trustees/Managing General
Partners.
VII. CONFIDENTIALITY
All reports and records prepared or maintained pursuant to this Code will
be considered confidential and shall be maintained and protected accordingly.
Except as otherwise required by law or this Code, such matters shall not be
disclosed to anyone other than the Independent Directors/Trustees/Managing
General Partners of the relevant Fund or Funds and their counsel, the relevant
Fund or Funds and their counsel and the relevant investment adviser and its
counsel.
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VIII. INTERNAL USE
The Code is intended solely for the internal use by the Funds and does
not constitute an admission, by or on behalf of any Fund, as to any fact,
circumstance, or legal conclusion
I have read and understand the terms of the above Code. I recognize the
responsibilities and obligations incurred by me as a result of my being subject
to the Code. I hereby agree to abide by the above Code.
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Date:
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EXHIBIT A
FUND LIST
AT
SEPTEMBER 20, 2005
RETAIL FUNDS
OPEN-END RETAIL FUNDS
TAXABLE MONEY MARKET FUNDS
1. Active Assets Government Securities Trust ("AA GOVERNMENT")
2. Active Assets Institutional Government Securities Trust ("AA INSTITUTIONAL
GOVERNMENT")
3. Active Assets Institutional Money Trust ("AA INSTITUTIONAL MONEY")
4. Active Assets Money Trust ("AA MONEY")
5. Morgan Stanley Liquid Asset Fund Inc. ("LIQUID ASSET")
6. Morgan Stanley U.S. Government Money Market Trust ("GOVERNMENT MONEY")
TAX-EXEMPT MONEY MARKET FUNDS
7. Active Assets California Tax-Free Trust ("AA CALIFORNIA")
8. Active Assets Tax-Free Trust ("AA TAX-FREE")
9. Morgan Stanley California Tax-Free Daily Income Trust ("CALIFORNIA TAX-FREE
DAILY")
10. Morgan Stanley New York Municipal Money Market Trust ("NEW YORK MONEY")
11. Morgan Stanley Tax-Free Daily Income Trust ("TAX-FREE DAILY")
EQUITY FUNDS
12. Morgan Stanley Aggressive Equity Fund ("AGGRESSIVE EQUITY")+
13. Morgan Stanley Allocator Fund ("ALLOCATOR FUND")+
14. Morgan Stanley American Opportunities Fund ("AMERICAN OPPORTUNITIES")+
15. Morgan Stanley Biotechnology Fund ("BIOTECHNOLOGY FUND")+
16. Morgan Stanley Capital Opportunities Trust ("CAPITAL OPPORTUNITIES")+
17. Morgan Stanley Developing Growth Securities Trust ("DEVELOPING GROWTH")+
18. Morgan Stanley Dividend Growth Securities Inc. ("DIVIDEND GROWTH")+
19. Morgan Stanley Equally-Weighted S&P 500 Fund ("EQUALLY-WEIGHTED S&P 500")+
20. Morgan Stanley European Equity Fund Inc. ("EUROPEAN EQUITY")+
21. Morgan Stanley Financial Services Trust ("FINANCIAL SERVICES")+
22. Morgan Stanley Fundamental Value Fund ("FUNDAMENTAL VALUE")+
23. Morgan Stanley Global Advantage Fund ("GLOBAL ADVANTAGE")+
24. Morgan Stanley Global Dividend Growth Securities ("GLOBAL DIVIDEND
GROWTH")+
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25. Morgan Stanley Global Utilities Fund ("GLOBAL UTILITIES")+
26. Morgan Stanley Growth Fund ("GROWTH FUND")+
27. Morgan Stanley Health Sciences Trust ("HEALTH SCIENCES")+
28. Morgan Stanley Income Builder Fund ("INCOME BUILDER")+
29. Morgan Stanley Information Fund ("INFORMATION FUND")+
30. Morgan Stanley International Fund ("INTERNATIONAL FUND")+
31. Morgan Stanley International SmallCap Fund ("INTERNATIONAL SMALLCAP")+
32. Morgan Stanley International Value Equity Fund ("INTERNATIONAL VALUE")+
33. Morgan Stanley Japan Fund ("JAPAN FUND")+
34. Morgan Stanley KLD Social Index Fund ("KLD SOCIAL INDEX")+
35. Morgan Stanley Mid-Cap Value Fund (MID-CAP VALUE")+
36. Morgan Stanley Multi-Asset Class Fund ("MULTI-ASSET CLASS")+
- Domestic Portfolio
37. Morgan Stanley Nasdaq-100 Index Fund ("NASDAQ-100")+
38. Morgan Stanley Natural Resource Development Securities Inc. ("NATURAL
RESOURCE")+
39. Morgan Stanley Pacific Growth Fund Inc. ("PACIFIC GROWTH")+
40. Morgan Stanley Real Estate Fund ("REAL ESTATE")+
41. Morgan Stanley Small-Mid Special Value Fund (SMALL-MID SPECIAL VALUE")+
42. Morgan Stanley S&P 500 Index Fund ("S&P500 INDEX")+
43. Morgan Stanley Special Growth Fund ("SPECIAL GROWTH")+
44. Morgan Stanley Special Value Fund ("SPECIAL VALUE")+
45. Morgan Stanley Total Market Index Fund ("TOTAL MARKET INDEX")+
46. Morgan Stanley Total Return Trust ("TOTAL RETURN")+
47. Morgan Stanley Utilities Fund ("UTILITIES FUND")+
48. Morgan Stanley Value Fund ("VALUE FUND")+
BALANCED FUNDS
49. Morgan Stanley Balanced Growth Fund ("BALANCED GROWTH")+
50. Morgan Stanley Balanced Income Fund ("BALANCED INCOME")+
ASSET ALLOCATION FUND
51. Morgan Stanley Strategist Fund ("STRATEGIST FUND")+
TAXABLE FIXED-INCOME FUNDS
52. Morgan Stanley Convertible Securities Trust ("CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES")+
53. Morgan Stanley Flexible Income Trust ("FLEXIBLE INCOME")+
54. Morgan Stanley Income Trust ("INCOME TRUST")+
55. Morgan Stanley High Yield Securities Inc. ("HIGH YIELD SECURITIES")+
56. Morgan Stanley Limited Duration Fund ("LIMITED DURATION FUND")
57. Morgan Stanley Mortgage Securities Trust ("MORTGAGE SECURITIES")+
58. Morgan Stanley Limited Duration U.S. Treasury Trust ("LIMITED DURATION
TREASURY")
59. Morgan Stanley Total Return Income Securities Fund ("TOTAL RETURN INCOME")+
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60. Morgan Stanley U.S. Government Securities Trust ("GOVERNMENT SECURITIES")+
TAX-EXEMPT FIXED-INCOME FUNDS
61. Morgan Stanley California Tax-Free Income Fund ("CALIFORNIA TAX-FREE")+
62. Morgan Stanley Limited Term Municipal Trust ("LIMITED TERM MUNICIPAL")
63. Morgan Stanley New York Tax-Free Income Fund ("NEW YORK TAX-FREE")+
64. Morgan Stanley Tax-Exempt Securities Trust ("TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES")+
SPECIAL PURPOSE FUNDS
65. Morgan Stanley Select Dimensions Investment Series ("SELECT DIMENSIONS")
- American Opportunities Portfolio
- Balanced Growth Portfolio
- Capital Opportunities Portfolio
- Developing Growth Portfolio
- Dividend Growth Portfolio
- Equally-Weighted S&P 500 Portfolio
- Flexible Income Portfolio
- Global Equity Portfolio
- Growth Portfolio
- Money Market Portfolio
- Utilities Portfolio
66. Morgan Stanley Variable Investment Series ("VARIABLE INVESTMENT")
- Aggressive Equity Portfolio
- Dividend Growth Portfolio
- Equity Portfolio
- European Growth Portfolio
- Global Advantage Portfolio
- Global Dividend Growth Portfolio
- High Yield Portfolio
- Income Builder Portfolio
- Information Portfolio
- Limited Duration Portfolio
- Money Market Portfolio
- Quality Income Plus Portfolio
- S&P 500 Index Portfolio
- Strategist Portfolio
- Utilities Portfolio
CLOSED-END RETAIL FUNDS
TAXABLE FIXED-INCOME CLOSED-END FUNDS
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67. Morgan Stanley Government Income Trust ("GOVERNMENT INCOME")
68. Morgan Stanley Income Securities Inc. ("INCOME SECURITIES")
69. Morgan Stanley Prime Income Trust ("PRIME INCOME")
TAX-EXEMPT FIXED-INCOME CLOSED-END FUNDS
70. Morgan Stanley California Insured Municipal Income Trust ("CALIFORNIA
INSURED MUNICIPAL")
71. Morgan Stanley California Quality Municipal Securities ("CALIFORNIA QUALITY
MUNICIPAL")
72. Morgan Stanley Insured California Municipal Securities ("INSURED CALIFORNIA
SECURITIES")
73. Morgan Stanley Insured Municipal Bond Trust ("INSURED MUNICIPAL BOND")
74. Morgan Stanley Insured Municipal Income Trust ("INSURED MUNICIPAL INCOME")
75. Morgan Stanley Insured Municipal Securities ("INSURED MUNICIPAL
SECURITIES")
76. Morgan Stanley Insured Municipal Trust ("INSURED MUNICIPAL TRUST")
77. Morgan Stanley Municipal Income Opportunities Trust ("MUNICIPAL
OPPORTUNITIES")
78. Morgan Stanley Municipal Income Opportunities Trust II ("MUNICIPAL
OPPORTUNITIES II")
79. Morgan Stanley Municipal Income Opportunities Trust III ("MUNICIPAL
OPPORTUNITIES III")
80. Morgan Stanley Municipal Premium Income Trust ("MUNICIPAL PREMIUM")
81. Morgan Stanley New York Quality Municipal Securities ("NEW YORK QUALITY
MUNICIPAL")
82. Morgan Stanley Quality Municipal Income Trust ("QUALITY MUNICIPAL INCOME")
83. Morgan Stanley Quality Municipal Investment Trust ("QUALITY MUNICIPAL
INVESTMENT")
84. Morgan Stanley Quality Municipal Securities ("QUALITY MUNICIPAL
SECURITIES")
+ - Denotes Retail Multi-Class Fund
INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
OPEN-END INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
1. Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund, Inc. ("INSTITUTIONAL FUND INC.")
ACTIVE PORTFOLIOS:
- Active International Allocation Portfolio
- Emerging Markets Portfolio
- Emerging Markets Debt Portfolio
- Equity Growth Portfolio
- European Real Estate Portfolio
- Focus Equity Portfolio
- Global Franchise Portfolio
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- Global Value Equity Portfolio
- International Equity Portfolio
- International Magnum Portfolio
- International Small Cap Portfolio
- Money Market Portfolio
- Municipal Money Market Portfolio
- Small Company Growth Portfolio
- U.S. Real Estate Portfolio
- Value Equity Portfolio
INACTIVE PORTFOLIOS*:
- China Growth Portfolio
- Gold Portfolio
- Large Cap Relative Value Portfolio
- MicroCap Portfolio
- Mortgage-Backed Securities Portfolio
- Municipal Bond Portfolio
- U.S. Equity Plus Portfolio
2. Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund Trust ("INSTITUTIONAL FUND TRUST")
ACTIVE PORTFOLIOS:
- Advisory Foreign Fixed Income II Portfolio
- Advisory Foreign Fixed Income Portfolio
- Advisory Mortgage Portfolio
- Balanced Portfolio
- Core Plus Fixed Income Portfolio
- Equity Portfolio
- High Yield Portfolio
- Intermediate Duration Portfolio
- International Fixed Income Portfolio
- Investment Grade Fixed Income Portfolio
- Limited Duration Portfolio
- Mid-Cap Growth Portfolio
- Municipal Portfolio
- U.S. Core Fixed Income Portfolio
- U.S. Mid-Cap Value Portfolio
- U.S. Small-Cap Value Portfolio
- Value Portfolio
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* Have not commenced or have ceased operations
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INACTIVE PORTFOLIOS*:
- Balanced Plus Portfolio
- Growth Portfolio
- Investment Grade Credit Advisory Portfolio
- Mortgage Advisory Portfolio
- New York Municipal Portfolio
- Targeted Duration Portfolio
- Value II Portfolio
3. The Universal Institutional Funds, Inc. ("UNIVERSAL FUNDS")
ACTIVE PORTFOLIOS:
- Core Plus Fixed Income Portfolio
- Emerging Markets Debt Portfolio
- Emerging Markets Equity Portfolio
- Equity and Income Portfolio
- Equity Growth Portfolio
- Global Franchise Portfolio
- Global Value Equity Portfolio
- High Yield Portfolio
- International Magnum Portfolio
- Mid-Cap Growth Portfolio
- Money Market Portfolio
- Small Company Growth Portfolio
- Technology Portfolio
- U.S. Mid-Cap Value Portfolio
- U.S. Real Estate Portfolio
- Value Portfolio
INACTIVE PORTFOLIOS*:
- Balanced Portfolio
- Capital Preservation Portfolio
- Core Equity Portfolio
- International Fixed Income Portfolio
- Investment Grade Fixed Income Portfolio
- Latin American Portfolio
- Multi-Asset Class Portfolio
- Targeted Duration Portfolio
4. Morgan Stanley Institutional Liquidity Funds ("LIQUIDITY FUNDS")
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ACTIVE PORTFOLIOS:
- Government Portfolio
- Money Market Portfolio
- Prime Portfolio
- Tax-Exempt Portfolio
- Treasury Portfolio
INACTIVE PORTFOLIOS*:
- Government Securities Portfolio
- Treasury Securities Portfolio
CLOSED-END INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
5. Morgan Stanley Asia-Pacific Fund, Inc. ("ASIA-PACIFIC FUND")
6. Morgan Stanley Eastern Europe Fund, Inc. ("EASTERN EUROPE")
7. Morgan Stanley Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Inc. ("EMERGING MARKETS DEBT")
8. Morgan Stanley Emerging Markets Fund, Inc. ("EMERGING MARKETS FUND")
9. Morgan Stanley Global Opportunity Bond Fund, Inc. ("GLOBAL OPPORTUNITY")
10. Morgan Stanley High Yield Fund, Inc. ("HIGH YIELD FUND")
11. The Latin American Discovery Fund, Inc. ("LATIN AMERICAN DISCOVERY")
12 The Malaysia Fund, Inc. ("MALAYSIA FUND")
13. The Thai Fund, Inc. ("THAI FUND")
14. The Turkish Investment Fund, Inc. ("TURKISH INVESTMENT")
CLOSED-END FUND OF HEDGE FUNDS
15. Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund of Hedge Funds ("FUND OF HEDGE FUNDS")
IN REGISTRATION
MORGAN STANLEY RETAIL FUNDS
1. Morgan Stanley American Franchise Fund
FUNDS OF HEDGE FUNDS
1. Morgan Stanley Absolute Return Fund
2. Morgan Stanley Institutional Fund of Hedge Funds II
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* Have not commenced or have ceased operations
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EXHIBIT B
INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
COVERED OFFICERS
Ronald E. Robison -President and Principal Executive Officer
James W. Garrett - Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
RETAIL FUNDS
COVERED OFFICERS
Ronald E. Robison -President and Principal Executive Officer
Frank Smith - Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
MORGAN STANLEY INDIA INVESTMENT FUND, INC.
COVERED OFFICERS
Ronald E. Robison - President and Principal Executive Officer
James W. Garrett - Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
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EXHIBIT C
GENERAL COUNSEL
Barry Fink