EXHIBIT 21.1 SUBSIDIARIES OF FOUNDATION HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. Foundation Health Systems, Inc. (DE)* -QualMed, Inc. (DE) -QualMed Plans for Health of Colorado, Inc. (CO) -San Luis Valley Physicians Service Corp., Ltd. (CO Limited Partnership) (1) -QualMed Health & Life Insurance Company (CO) -QualMed Washington Health Plan, Inc. (WA) -QualMed Plans for Health, Inc. (NM) -QualMed Oregon Health Plan, Inc. (OR) -Preferred Health Network, Inc. (CA) -Midwest Business Medical Association, Ltd. (IL) -Health Net (CA) -Health Net Life Insurance Company (CA) -PCA of California Insurance Agency (CA) -HSI Advantage Health Holdings, Inc. (DE) -QualMed Plans for Health of Ohio and West Virginia, Inc. (OH) -QualMed Plans for Health of Western Pennsylvania, Inc. (PA) -Pennsylvania Health Care Plan, Inc. (PA) -National Pharmacy Services, Inc. (DE) -Integrated Pharmacy Systems, Inc. (PA)(2) -HSI Eastern Holdings, Inc. (DE) -Greater Atlantic Health Service, Inc. (DE) -QualMed Plans for Health, Inc. (PA) -Greater Atlantic Preferred Plus, Inc. (PA) -Employ Better Care, Inc. (PA) -Foundation Health Corporation (DE) -Foundation Health Preferred Administrators (CA) -Foundation Health National Life Insurance Company (TX) -FH-Arizona Surgery Centers, Inc. (AZ) -FH Surgery Limited, Inc. (CA) -FH Surgery Centers, Inc. (CA) -Foundation Health Facilities, Inc. (CA) -FH Assurance Company (Cayman Islands) -Foundation Health Warehouse Company (CA) -Memorial Hospital of Gardena, Inc. (CA) -East Los Angeles Doctors Hospital, Inc. (CA) -Foundation Health Vision Services (CA) -Denticare of California, Inc. (CA) -Managed Alternative Care, Inc. (CA) -American VitalCare, Inc. (CA) -Foundation Health Federal Services, Inc. (DE) -Catalina Professional Recruiters, Inc. (AZ) -FHC International, Inc. (DE) -Foundation Health International Management Services (CA) -Foundation Health Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. (CA) -Integrated Pharmaceutical Services (CA) -Foundation Health, A Florida Health Plan, Inc. (FL) -Foundation Health Medical Group, Florida, Inc. (FL) -Foundation Health, A Louisiana Health Plan, Inc. (LA) -Foundation Health, An Oklahoma Health Plan, Inc. (OK) -Foundation Health, A Texas Health Plan, Inc. (TX) -Preferred Health Providers, Inc. (FL) -Foundation Health Psychcare Services, Inc. (CA) -Intercare, Inc. (AZ) -Intergroup Health Plan, Inc. (AZ) -Intergroup Prepaid Health Services of Arizona, Inc. (AZ) -Interlease of Arizona, Inc. (AZ) -Intergroup Healthcare Corporation of Utah (UT) -Intergroup of Utah, Inc. (UT) -Managed Health Network, Inc. (DE) -Health Management Center West, Inc. (MA) -Health Management Center, Inc. (MA) -Health Management Center, Inc. of Wisconsin (WI) -HMC PPO, Inc. (MA) -Managed Health Network (CA) -MHN Reinsurance Company of Arizona (AZ) -MHN Services (CA) -Business Insurance Group, Inc. (DE) -Business Insurance Company (DE) -California Compensation Insurance Company (CA) -Combined Benefits Insurance Company (CA) -Commercial Compensation Insurance Company (NY) -Foundation Health Medical Resource Management (CA) -Foundation Integrated Risk Management Solutions, Incorporated (CA) -Axis Integrated Resources, Inc. (DE) -Gem Holding Corporation (UT)(3) -Gem Insurance Company (UT) -QualMed Plans for Health of Pennsylvania, Inc. (PA)(4) -FOHP, Inc. (NJ)(5) -First Option Health Plan of New Jersey, Inc. (NJ) -First Option Health Plan of New York, Inc. (NY) -First Option Health Plan of Pennsylvania, Inc. (PA) -FOHP Agency, Inc. (NJ) -Physicians Health Services, Inc. (DE) -Physicians Health Services (Bermuda) Ltd. (Bermuda) -Physicians Health Services of Connecticut, Inc. (CT) -Physicians Health Services of New Jersey, Inc. (NJ) -Physicians Health Services of New York, Inc. (NY) -Physicians Health Services Insurance of New York, Inc. (NY) -Physicians Health Insurance Services, Inc. (CT) -PHS Insurance of Connecticut, Inc. (CT) -PHS Real Estate, Inc. (DE) -PHS Real Estate II, Inc. (DE) -HN Reinsurance Limited (Cayman Islands) -M.D. Health Plan, Inc. (CT) *All subsidiaries wholly owned unless otherwise indicated. (1) A limited partnership in which QualMed Plans for Health of Colorado, Inc. is an 83.4% limited partner. (2) National Pharmacy Services, Inc. owns approximately 90% of the outstanding common stock. (3) Foundation Health Corporation owns approximately 99.9% of the outstanding common stock. (4) Foundation Health Systems, Inc. owns approximately 83.0% of the outstanding common stock. (5) Foundation Health Systems, Inc. owns approximately 97.9% of the outstanding common stock.