GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
 
GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE PAYER.
- -- Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: i.e.
000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by only
one hyphen: i.e. 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to
give the payer.
 
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            GIVE THE EMPLOYER
                    GIVE THE SOCIAL                         IDENTIFICATION
FOR THIS TYPE OF    SECURITY NUMBER OF  FOR THIS TYPE OF    NUMBER
ACCOUNT:            --                  ACCOUNT:            OF--
- ----------------------------------------
                                        ----------------------------------------
 

                          
1. An individual's account   The individual
 
2. Two or more individuals   The actual owner of the
   (joint account)           account, or, if combined
                             funds, any one of the
                             individuals(1)
 
3. Husband and wife (joint   The actual owner of the
   account)                  account or, if joint
                             funds, either person(1)
 
4. Custodian account of a    The minor(2)
   minor (Uniform Gift to
   Minors Act)
 
5. Adult and minor (joint    The adult or, if the minor
   account)                  is the only contributor,
                             the minor(2)
 
6. Account in the name of    The ward, minor, or
   guardian or committee     incompetent person(3)
   for a designated ward,
   minor, or incompetent
   person
 
7. a. The usual revocable    The grantor-trustee(1)
      savings trust account
      (grantor is also
      trustee)
 
  b. So-called trust         The actual owner(1)
     account that is not a
     legal or valid trust
     under State law


 
            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
                                     PAGE 2
 
OBTAINING A NUMBER
 
If you don't have a taxpayer identification number or you don't know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or Form
SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office of the
Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service and apply for a
number.
 
PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING
 
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include the
following:
 
- - A corporation.
 
- - A financial institution.
 
- - An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual
  retirement plan.
 
- - The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
 
- - A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any
  subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
 
- - A foreign government, a political subdivision of a foreign government, or
  agency or instrumentality thereof.
 
- - An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
 
- - A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S. or a
  possession of the U.S.
 
- - A real estate investment trust.
 
- - A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).
 
- - An exempt charitable remainder trust, or a non-exempt trust described in
  section 4947(a)(1).
 
- - An entity registered at all times under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
 
- - A foreign central bank of issue.
 
Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:
 
- - Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
 
- - Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
  which have at least one nonresident partner.
 
- - Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
  money.
 
- - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
 
- - Payments made to a nominee.
 
Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
 
- - Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. NOTE: You may be
  subject to backup withholding if this interest is $600 or more and is paid in
  the course of the payer's trade or business and you have not provided your
  correct taxpayer identification number to the payer.
 
- - Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt interest dividends under
  section 852).
 
- - Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
 
- - Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
 
- - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
 
- - Payments made to a nominee.
 
Exempt payees described above should file Substitute Form W-9 to avoid possible
erroneous backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR
TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" ON THE FACE OF THE FORM, AND
RETURN IT TO THE PAYER. IF THE PAYMENTS ARE INTEREST, DIVIDENDS, OR PATRONAGE
DIVIDENDS, ALSO SIGN AND DATE THE FORM.
 
Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041A(a),
6045 and 6050A.
 
PRIVACY ACT NOTICE--Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividend, interest,
or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payers who must
report the payments to IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for identification
purposes. Payers must be given the numbers whether or not recipients are
required to file tax returns. Beginning January 1, 1993, payers must generally
withhold 31% of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a
payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain
penalties may also apply.
 
PENALTIES
 
(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER--If you fail
to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a
penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable
cause and not to willful neglect.
 
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE INFORMATION WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING--If you make
a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition of
backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
 
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION--Falsifying certifications or
affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.
 
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE
 
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