EXHIBIT 4.4
 
                               LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
                             TO TENDER FOR EXCHANGE
                    11 1/2% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2005, SERIES A
                                       OF
                            LODESTAR HOLDINGS, INC.
 
                                  PURSUANT TO
                         PROSPECTUS DATED       , 1998
 
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    THE EXCHANGE OFFER WILL EXPIRE AT 5:00 P.M., NEW YORK CITY TIME ON       ,
1998, UNLESS EXTENDED. TENDERS OF 11 1/2% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2005, SERIES A MAY
   ONLY BE WITHDRAWN UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE PROSPECTUS AND
   HEREIN.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                 The Exchange Agent for the Exchange Offer is:
                      STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
 
                            FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION:
                                 (860) 244-1881
 
                             CONFIRM BY TELEPHONE:
                                 (860) 244-1846
 
                BY MAIL:                       BY HAND/OVERNIGHT DELIVERY:
 
  State Street Bank and Trust Company      State Street Bank and Trust Company
   Two International Place, 4th Floor            61 Broadway, 15th Floor
      Boston, Massachusetts 02110                New York, New York 10006
Attention: Clarie Young--Corporate Trust  Attention: Corporate Trust Department
               Department
 


- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             DESCRIPTION OF OLD NOTES TENDERED
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) OF HOLDER(S)                    OLD NOTES TENDERED
(PLEASE FILL IN, IF BLANK, EXACTLY AS NAME(S) APPEAR(S)    (ATTACH ADDITIONAL SCHEDULE, IF
                     ON OLD NOTES)                                    NECESSARY)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                          (1)                                   (2)               (3)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      
                                                            CERTIFICATE     TOTAL PRINCIPAL
                                                             NUMBER(S)       AMOUNT OF OLD
                                                                             NOTES TENDERED
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                          ----------------------------------
 
                                                          ----------------------------------
 
                                                          ----------------------------------
 
                                                          ----------------------------------
 
                                                                            TOTAL
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 
    THE UNDERSIGNED ACKNOWLEDGES RECEIPT OF THE PROSPECTUS, DATED             ,
1998 (THE "PROSPECTUS"), OF LODESTAR HOLDINGS, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION (THE
"COMPANY"), RELATING TO THE OFFER (THE "EXCHANGE OFFER") OF THE COMPANY, UPON
THE TERMS AND SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THE PROSPECTUS

AND HEREIN AND THE INSTRUCTIONS HERETO, TO EXCHANGE $1,000 PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF
ITS 11 1/2% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2005, SERIES B (THE "EXCHANGE NOTES") FOR EACH
$1,000 PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF THE OUTSTANDING 11 1/2% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2005, SERIES
A (THE "OLD NOTES"), OF WHICH $150.0 MILLION AGGREGATE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT IS
OUTSTANDING. THE MINIMUM PERMITTED TENDER IS $1,000 PRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF OLD
NOTES, AND ALL OTHER TENDERS MUST BE IN INTEGRAL MULTIPLES OF $1,000.
 
    DELIVERY OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL TO AN ADDRESS, OR TRANSMISSION BY
FACSIMILE, OTHER THAN AS SET FORTH ABOVE WILL NOT CONSTITUTE A VALID DELIVERY.
THE INSTRUCTIONS ACCOMPANYING THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL SHOULD BE READ
CAREFULLY BEFORE THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL IS COMPLETED.
 
    The Exchange Offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on
            , 1998 (the "Expiration Date"), unless extended.
 
    HOLDERS WHO WISH TO BE ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE EXCHANGE NOTES PURSUANT TO THE
EXCHANGE OFFER MUST VALIDLY TENDER THEIR OLD NOTES TO THE EXCHANGE AGENT ON OR
PRIOR TO THE EXPIRATION DATE.
 
    This Letter of Transmittal should be used only to exchange the Old Notes,
pursuant to the Exchange Offer as set forth in the Prospectus.
 
    This Letter of Transmittal is to be used (a) if Old Notes are to be
physically delivered to the Exchange Agent or (b) if delivery of Old Notes is to
be made by book-entry transfer to the account maintained by the Exchange Agent
at The Depository Trust Company ("DTC" or the "Book-Entry Transfer Facility")
pursuant to the procedures set forth in the Prospectus under the caption "The
Exchange Offer-- Procedures for Tendering." Delivery of documents to the
Book-Entry Transfer Facility does not constitute deliver to the Exchange Agent.
 
    Holders whose Old Notes are not available or who cannot deliver their Old
Notes and all other documents required hereby to the Exchange Agent on or prior
to the Expiration Date nevertheless may tender their Old Notes in accordance
with the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth in the Prospectus under the
caption "The Exchange Offer--Guaranteed Delivery Procedures." See Instruction 1.
 
    THE EXCHANGE OFFER IS NOT BEING MADE TO (NOR WILL THE SURRENDER OF OLD NOTES
FOR EXCHANGE BE ACCEPTED FROM OR ON BEHALF OF) HOLDERS IN ANY JURISDICTION IN
WHICH THE MAKING OR ACCEPTANCE OF THE EXCHANGE OFFER WOULD NOT BE IN COMPLIANCE
WITH THE LAWS OF SUCH JURISDICTION.
 
    All capitalized terms used herein and not defined herein shall have the
meanings ascribed to them in the Prospectus.
 
    HOLDERS WHO WISH TO EXCHANGE THEIR OLD NOTES MUST COMPLETE THE BOX BELOW
ENTITLED "METHOD OF DELIVERY," COMPLETE COLUMNS (1) THROUGH (3) IN THE BOX ON
THE COVER ENTITLED "DESCRIPTION OF OLD NOTES TENDERED" AND SIGN IN THE
APPROPRIATE BOX(ES) BELOW.
 
                                       2

                               METHOD OF DELIVERY
 
/ /  CHECK HERE IF CERTIFICATES FOR TENDERED OLD NOTES ARE ENCLOSED HEREWITH.
 
/ /  CHECK HERE IF TENDERED OLD NOTES ARE BEING DELIVERED BY BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER
    MADE TO THE ACCOUNT MAINTAINED BY THE EXCHANGE AGENT WITH THE BOOK-ENTRY
    TRANSFER FACILITY SPECIFIED ABOVE AND COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING:
 
    Name of Tendering Institution: _____________________________________________
 
    Name of Book-Entry Transfer Facility: ______________________________________
 
    / /  The Depository Trust Company
 
    Account Number: _________________  Transaction Code Number: ________________
 
/ /  CHECK HERE IF TENDERED OLD NOTES ARE BEING DELIVERED PURSUANT TO A NOTICE
    OF GUARANTEED DELIVERY PREVIOUSLY SENT TO THE EXCHANGE AGENT AND COMPLETE
    THE FOLLOWING (SEE INSTRUCTIONS 1 AND 4):
 
    Name(s) of Registered Holder(s): ___________________________________________
 
    Window Ticket Number (if any): _____________________________________________
 
    Date of Execution of Notice of Guaranteed Delivery: ________________________
 
    Name of Eligible Institution which Guaranteed Delivery: ____________________
 
    IF DELIVERED BY THE BOOK-ENTRY TRANSFER FACILITY, CHECK BOX OF BOOK-ENTRY
TRANSFER FACILITY:
 
    / /  The Depository Trust Company
 
    Account Number: _________________  Transaction Code Number: ________________
 
/ /  CHECK HERE IF YOU ARE A BROKER-DEALER AND WISH TO RECEIVE TEN ADDITIONAL
    COPIES OF THE PROSPECTUS AND COPIES OF ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS
    THERETO.
 
    Name: ______________________________________________________________________
 
    Address: ___________________________________________________________________
 
                                        ________________________________________
 
                                       3

                    NOTE: SIGNATURES MUST BE PROVIDED BELOW
              PLEASE READ THE ACCOMPANYING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
 
Ladies and Gentlemen:
 
    Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Exchange Offer, the
undersigned hereby tenders to the Company the principal amount of Old Notes
indicated in the box on the cover entitled "Description of Old Notes Tendered."
Subject to, and effective upon, the acceptance for exchange of the Old Notes
tendered hereby, the undersigned hereby irrevocably sells, assigns and transfers
to or upon the order of the Company all right, title and interest in and to such
Old Notes, and hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Exchange Agent
the true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact of the undersigned (with full
knowledge that said Exchange Agent also acts as the agent of the Company and as
Trustee under the indenture governing the Old Notes and the Exchange Notes) with
respect to such Old Notes, with full power of substitution (such power of
attorney being deemed to be an irrevocable power coupled with an interest) to
(a) deliver certificates representing such Old Notes, and to deliver all
accompanying evidences of transfer and authenticity to or upon the order of the
Company upon receipt by the Exchange Agent, as the undersigned's agent, of the
Exchange Notes to which the undersigned is entitled upon the acceptance by the
Company of such Old Notes for exchange pursuant to the Exchange Offer, (b)
receive all benefits and otherwise to exercise all rights of beneficial
ownership of such Old Notes, all in accordance with the terms of the Exchange
Offer, and (c) present such Old Notes for transfer on the register for such Old
Notes.
 
    The undersigned acknowledges that prior to this Exchange Offer, there has
been no public market for the Old Notes or the Exchange Notes. If a market for
the Exchange Notes should develop, the Exchange Notes could trade at a discount
from their principal amount. The undersigned is aware that the Company does not
intend to list the Exchange Notes on a national securities exchange and that
there can be no assurance that an active market for the Exchange Notes will
develop.
 
    The undersigned also acknowledges that this Exchange Offer is being made in
reliance on an interpretation by the staff of the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "Commission") that the Exchange Notes issued pursuant to the
Exchange Offer in exchange for the Old Notes may be offered for resale, resold
and otherwise transferred by any person receiving such Exchange Notes whether or
not such person is the holder thereof, (other than any such holder or other
person which is (i) a broker-dealer that receives Exchange Notes for its own
account in exchange for Old Notes, where such Old Notes were acquired by such
broker-dealer as a result of market-making or other trading activities, or (ii)
an "affiliate" of the Company within the meaning of Rule 405 under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act")) without compliance
with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act,
PROVIDED that such Exchange Notes are acquired in the ordinary course of
business of such holder or other person, such holder or other person is not
engaged in or intending to engage in a distribution of the Exchange Notes, and
such holder or other person has no arrangement with any person to participate in
the distribution of such Exchange Notes. See Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated,
SEC No-Action Letter (available June 5, 1991) and Exxon Capital Holdings
Corporation, SEC No-Action Letter (available May 13, 1988).
 
    If the undersigned is not a broker-dealer, the undersigned represents that
it is not engaged in, and does not intend to engage in, a distribution of
Exchange Notes. If the undersigned is a broker-dealer that will receive Exchange
Notes, it represents that the Old Notes to be exchanged for Exchange Notes were
acquired as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities and
it acknowledges that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale
of such Exchange Notes; however, by so acknowledging and by delivering a
prospectus, the undersigned will not be deemed to admit that it is an
"underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act.
 
                                       4

    THE EXCHANGE OFFER IS NOT BEING MADE TO, NOR WILL TENDERS BE ACCEPTED FROM
OR ON BEHALF OF, HOLDERS OF THE OLD NOTES IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH THE
MAKING OF THE OFFER OR ACCEPTANCE THEREOF WOULD NOT BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE
LAWS OF SUCH JURISDICTION OR WOULD OTHERWISE NOT BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH ANY
PROVISION OF ANY APPLICABLE SECURITY LAW.
 
    The undersigned represents that (a) the Exchange Notes acquired pursuant to
the Exchange Offer are being obtained in the ordinary course of business of the
undersigned or other person receiving such Exchange Notes, (b) neither the
undersigned nor any such other person is engaged in or intends to engage in a
distribution of such Exchange Notes, (c) neither the undersigned nor any such
other person has any arrangement or understanding with any person to participate
in a distribution of the Exchange Notes and (d) neither the undersigned nor any
such other person is an "affiliate" as defined under Rule 405 of the Securities
Act, of the Company, its subsidiaries or The Renco Group, Inc., the parent
corporation of the Company, or if such holder is such an affiliate, that such
holder will comply with the registration and the prospectus delivery
requirements of the Securities Act in connection with the disposition of any
Exchange Notes to the extent applicable.
 
    The undersigned understands and acknowledges that the Company reserves the
right in its sole discretion to purchase or make offers for any Old Notes that
remain outstanding subsequent to the Expiration Date or, as set forth in the
Prospectus under the caption "Conditions of the Exchange Offer," to terminate
the Exchange Offer and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, purchase Old
Notes in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The
terms of any such purchases or offers will differ from the terms of the Exchange
Offer.
 
    The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned accepts
the terms and conditions of the Exchange Offer, has full power and authority to
tender, exchange, assign and transfer the Old Notes tendered hereby, and that
when the same are accepted for exchange by the Company, the Company will acquire
good and unencumbered title thereto, free and clear of all liens, restrictions,
charges and encumbrances and not subject to any adverse claim or right. The
undersigned will, upon request, execute and deliver any additional documents
deemed by the Exchange Agent or the Company to be necessary or desirable to
complete the sale, assignment and transfer of the Old Notes tendered hereby.
 
    The undersigned agrees that all authority conferred or agreed to be
conferred by this Letter of Transmittal and every obligation of the undersigned
hereunder shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs, executors,
administrators, trustees in bankruptcy and legal representatives of the
undersigned and shall not be affected by, and shall survive, the death or
incapacity of the undersigned. The undersigned also agrees that, except as
stated in the Prospectus, the Old Notes tendered hereby cannot be withdrawn.
 
    The undersigned understands that tenders of the Old Notes pursuant to any
one of the procedures described in the Prospectus under the caption "The
Exchange Offer--Procedures for Tendering" and in the instructions hereto will
constitute a binding agreement between the undersigned and the Company in
accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Exchange Offer.
 
    The undersigned understands that by tendering Old Notes pursuant to one of
the procedures described in the Prospectus and the instructions hereto, the
tendering holder will be deemed to have waived the right to receive any payment
in respect of interest on the Old Notes accrued up to the date of issuance of
the Exchange Notes.
 
    The undersigned recognizes that, under certain circumstances set forth in
the Prospectus, the Company may not be required to accept for exchange any of
the Old Notes tendered. Old Notes not accepted for exchange or withdrawn will be
returned to the undersigned at the address set forth below unless otherwise
indicated under "Special Delivery Instructions" below.
 
    Unless otherwise indicated herein under the box entitled "Special Issuance
Instructions" below, Exchange Notes, and Old Notes not validly tendered or
accepted for exchange, will be issued in the name
 
                                       5

of the undersigned. Similarly, unless otherwise indicated under the box entitled
"Special Delivery Instructions" below, Exchange Notes, and Old Notes not validly
tendered or accepted for exchange, will be delivered to the undersigned at the
address shown below the signature of the undersigned. The undersigned recognizes
that the Company has no obligation pursuant to the "Special Issuance
Instructions" to transfer any Old Notes from the name of the registered holder
thereof if the Company does not accept for exchange any of the principal amount
of such Old Notes so tendered.
 
    All questions as to the validity, form, eligibility (including time of
receipt), and withdrawal of the tendered Old Notes will be determined by the
Company in its sole discretion, which determination will be final and binding.
The Company reserves the absolute right to reject any and all Old Notes not
properly tendered or any Old Notes the Company's acceptance of which would, in
the opinion of counsel for the Company, be unlawful. The Company also reserves
the right to waive any irregularities or conditions of tender as to particular
Old Notes. The Company's interpretation of the terms and conditions of the
Exchange Offer (including the instructions in this Letter of Transmittal) will
be final and binding on all parties. Unless waived, any defects or
irregularities in connection with tenders of Old Notes must be cured within such
time as the Company shall determine. Neither the Company, the Exchange Agent nor
any other person shall be under any duty to give notification of defects or
irregularities with respect to tenders of Old Notes, nor shall any of them incur
any liability for failure to give such notification. Tenders of Old Notes will
not be deemed to have been made until such irregularities have been cured or
waived. Any Old Notes received by the Exchange Agent that are not properly
tendered and as to which the defects or irregularities have not been cured or
waived will be returned without cost to such holder by the Exchange Agent to the
tendering holders of Old Notes, unless otherwise provided in this Letter of
Transmittal, as soon as practicable following the Expiration Date.
 
                                       6

    THE UNDERSIGNED, BY COMPLETING THE BOX ON THE COVER ENTITLED "DESCRIPTION OF
OLD NOTES TENDERED" AND SIGNING THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL, WILL BE DEEMED TO
HAVE TENDERED THE OLD NOTES AND MADE CERTAIN REPRESENTATIONS (INCLUDING AS TO
FINANCIAL STATUS) DESCRIBED IN THE PROSPECTUS AND HEREIN.
 
                                   SIGN HERE
                   (TO BE COMPLETED BY ALL TENDERING HOLDERS)
 
X ______________________________________________________________________________
 
X ______________________________________________________________________________
              (SIGNATURE(S) OF HOLDER(S) OR AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY)
 
    Must be signed by the registered holder(s) of Old Notes exactly as their
name(s) appear(s) on certificate(s) for the Old Notes or by person(s) authorized
to become registered holder(s) by endorsements and documents transmitted with
this Letter of Transmittal. If signature is by a trustee, executor,
administrator, guardian, attorney-in-fact, officer of a corporation, agent or
other person acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, please provide
the following information. See Instruction 3.
 
Name(s): _______________________________________________________________________
 
________________________________________________________________________________
                                 (PLEASE PRINT)
 
Capacity (full title): _________________________________________________________
 
Address: _______________________________________________________________________
 
________________________________________________________________________________
                              (INCLUDING ZIP CODE)
 
Area Code and Telephone No.: ___________________________________________________
 
                              SIGNATURE GUARANTEE
                              (SEE INSTRUCTION 3)
 
 _______________________________________________________________________________
            (NAME OF ELIGIBLE INSTITUTION GUARANTEEING SIGNATURE(S))
 
 _______________________________________________________________________________
 (ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NO., INCLUDING AREA CODE, OF FIRM)
 
 _______________________________________________________________________________
                             (AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE)
 
 _______________________________________________________________________________
                                 (PRINTED NAME)
 
 _______________________________________________________________________________
                                    (TITLE)
 
Date: _______________________, 1998
 
                                       7

- -------------------------------------------
 
                         SPECIAL ISSUANCE INSTRUCTIONS
                         (SEE INSTRUCTIONS 3, 4 AND 6)
 
      To be completed ONLY if certificates for Old Notes in a principal amount
  not exchanged and/or certificates for Exchange Notes are to be issued in the
  name of someone other than the undersigned, or if Old Notes are to be
  returned by credit to an account maintained by the Book-Entry Transfer
  Facility.
 
  Issue (check appropriate box)
  / /  Exchange Notes to:
  / /  Old Notes to:
 
  Name: ______________________________________________________________________
                                 (PLEASE PRINT)
  Address: ___________________________________________________________________
 
  ____________________________________________________________________________
                                                                     ZIP CODE
 
   __________________________________________________________________________
                         TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
 
                            (YOU MUST ALSO COMPLETE
                          SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 BELOW.)
 
  Credit unaccepted Old Notes tendered by book-entry transfer to:
 
  / /  The Depository Trust Company
 
  account set forth below
 
  ____________________________________________________________________________
                              (DTC ACCOUNT NUMBER)
 
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
 
                          SPECIAL DELIVER INSTRUCTIONS
                         (SEE INSTRUCTIONS 3, 4 AND 6)
 
      To be completed ONLY if certificates for Old Notes in a principal amount
  not exchanged and/or certificates for Exchange Notes are to be sent to
  someone other than the undersigned at an address other than that shown
  above.
 
  Deliver (check appropriate box)
  / /  Exchange Notes to:
  / /  Old Notes to:
 
  Name: ______________________________________________________________________
                                 (PLEASE PRINT)
 
  Address: ___________________________________________________________________
 
  ____________________________________________________________________________
                                                                     ZIP CODE
 
   __________________________________________________________________________
                         TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
 
                            (YOU MUST ALSO COMPLETE
                          SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 BELOW.)
 
- ------------------------------------------
 
                                       8

                                  INSTRUCTIONS
                FORMING PART OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE
                           OFFER AND THE SOLICITATION
 
    1.  DELIVERY OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND CERTIFICATES; GUARANTEED
DELIVERY PROCEDURES.  To be effectively tendered pursuant to the Exchange Offer,
the Old Notes, together with a properly completed Letter of Transmittal (or
facsimile thereof), duly executed by the registered holder thereof, and any
other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal, must be received by the
Exchange Agent at one of its addresses set forth on the front page of this
Letter of Transmittal. If the beneficial owner of any Old Notes is not the
registered holder, then such person may validly tender his or her Old Notes only
by obtaining and submitting to the Exchange Agent a properly completed Letter of
Transmittal from the registered holder. OLD NOTES SHOULD BE DELIVERED ONLY TO
THE EXCHANGE AGENT AND NOT TO THE COMPANY OR TO ANY OTHER PERSON.
 
    THE METHOD OF DELIVERY OF OLD NOTES AND ALL OTHER REQUIRED DOCUMENTS TO THE
EXCHANGE AGENT IS AT THE ELECTION AND RISK OF THE HOLDER, BUT IF SUCH DELIVERY
IS BY MAIL, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE HOLDER USE PROPERLY INSURED, REGISTERED OR
CERTIFIED MAIL WITH RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED. INSTEAD OF DELIVERY BY MAIL, IT IS
RECOMMENDED THAT OLD NOTES BE DELIVERED BY HAND OR BY COURIER.
 
    IF CERTIFICATES FOR OLD NOTES ARE SENT BY MAIL, IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE
MAILING BE MADE SUFFICIENTLY IN ADVANCE OF THE EXPIRATION DATE TO PERMIT
DELIVERY TO THE EXCHANGE AGENT PRIOR TO 5:00 P.M., NEW YORK CITY TIME, ON THE
EXPIRATION DATE.
 
    If a holder desires to tender Old Notes and such holder's Old Notes are not
immediately available or time will not permit such holder's Letter of
Transmittal, Old Notes or other required documents to reach the Exchange Agent
on or before the Expiration Date, such holder's tender may be effected if:
 
        (a) such tender is made by or through an Eligible Institution (as
    defined);
 
        (b) on or prior to the Expiration Date, the Exchange Agent has received
    a properly completed and duly executed Notice of Guaranteed Delivery (by
    facsimile transmission, mail or hand delivery) from such Eligible
    Institution setting forth the name and address of the holder of such Old
    Notes, the certificate numbers of such Old Notes (if available) and the
    principal amount of Old Notes tendered and stating that the tender is being
    made thereby and guaranteeing that, within three business days after the
    Expiration Date, a duly executed Letter of Transmittal, or facsimile
    thereof, together with the Old Notes, and any other documents required by
    this Letter of Transmittal and the instructions hereto, will be deposited by
    such Eligible Institution with the Exchange Agent; and
 
        (c) this Letter of Transmittal (or facsimile thereof), a Notice of
    Guaranteed Delivery and Old Notes, in proper form for transfer, and all
    other required documents are received by the Exchange Agent within three
    business days after the date of such telegram, facsimile transmission or
    letter.
 
    2.  WITHDRAWAL OF TENDERS.  Tendered Old Notes may be withdrawn at any time
prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Expiration Date, unless
previously accepted for exchange.
 
    To be effective, a written or facsimile transmission notice of withdrawal
must (a) be received by the Exchange Agent at one of its addresses set forth on
the first page of this Letter of Transmittal prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City
time, on the Expiration Date, unless previously accepted for exchange, (b)
specify the name of the person who tendered the Old Notes, (c) contain the
description of the Old Notes to be withdrawn, the certificate numbers shown on
the particular certificates evidencing such Old Notes and the aggregate
principal amount represented by such Old Notes and (d) be signed by the holder
of such Old Notes in the same manner as the original signature appears on this
Letter of Transmittal (including any required signature guarantees) or be
accompanied by evidence sufficient to have the Trustee with respect to the Old
Notes register the transfer of such Old Notes into the name of the holder
withdrawing the tender. The signature(s) on the notice of withdrawal must be
guaranteed by an Eligible Institution unless such Old Notes have been tendered
(a) by a registered holder of Old Notes who has not completed either the box
entitled "Special Issuance Instructions" or the box entitled "Special Delivery
Instructions" on this Letter of Transmittal or (b) for the account of an
Eligible Institution. All questions as to the validity, form
 
                                       9

and eligibility (including time of receipt) of such withdrawal notices shall be
determined by the Company, whose determination shall be final and binding on all
parties. If the Old Notes to be withdrawn have been delivered or otherwise
identified to the Exchange Agent, a signed notice of withdrawal is effective
immediately upon receipt by the Exchange Agent of a written or facsimile
transmission notice of withdrawal even if physical release is not yet effected.
In addition, such notice must specify, in the case of Old Notes tendered by
delivery of certificates for such Old Notes, the name of the registered holder
(if different from that of the tendering holder) to be credited with the
withdrawn Old Notes. Withdrawals may not be rescinded, and any Old Notes
withdrawn will thereafter be deemed not validly tendered for purposes of the
Exchange Offer. However, properly withdrawn Old Notes may be retendered by
following one of the procedures described under "The Exchange Offer--Procedures
for Tendering" in the Prospectus at any time on or prior to the applicable
Expiration Date.
 
    3.  SIGNATURES ON THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL, BOND POWERS AND ENDORSEMENTS;
GUARANTEE OF SIGNATURES.  If this letter of Transmittal is signed by the
registered holder(s) of the Old Notes tendered hereby, the signature must
correspond exactly with the name(s) as written on the face of the certificates
without any change whatsoever.
 
    If any Old Notes tendered hereby are owned of record by two or more joint
owners, all such owners must sign this Letter of Transmittal.
 
    If any Old Notes tendered hereby are registered in different names on
several certificates, it will be necessary to complete, sign and submit as many
separate copies of this Letter of Transmittal as there are different
registrations of certificates.
 
    When this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered holder or
holders specified herein and tendered hereby, no endorsements of certificates or
separate bond powers are required unless Exchange Notes are to be issued, or
certificates for any untendered principal amount of Old Notes are to be
reissued, to a person other than the registered holder.
 
    If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by a person other than the
registered holder(s) of any certificate(s) specified herein such certificates(s)
must be endorsed or accompanied by appropriate bond powers, in either case
signed exactly as the name(s) of the registered holder(s) appear(s) on the
certificate(s).
 
    If this Letter of Transmittal or a Notice of Guaranteed Delivery or any
certificates or bond powers are signed by trustees, executors, administrators,
guardians, attorneys-in-fact, officers of corporations or others acting in a
fiduciary or representative capacity, such persons should so indicate when
signing, and unless waived by the Company, proper evidence satisfactory to the
Company of their authority so to act must be submitted.
 
    Except as described below, signatures on this Letter of Transmittal or a
notice of withdrawal, as the case may be, must be guaranteed by an Eligible
Institution. Signatures on this Letter of Transmittal or a notice of withdrawal,
as the case may be, need not be guaranteed if the Old Notes tendered pursuant
hereto are tendered (a) by a registered holder of Old Notes who has not
completed either the box entitled "Special Issuance Instructions" or the box
entitled "Special Delivery Instructions" on this Letter of Transmittal or (b)
for the account of an Eligible Institution. In the event that signatures on this
Letter of Transmittal or a notice of withdrawal, as the case may be, are
required to be guaranteed, such guarantee must be by a firm which is a member of
a registered national securities exchange or a member of the National
Association of Securities Delivers, Inc. or by a commercial bank or trust
company having an office or correspondent in the Untied States (each as
"Eligible Institutions").
 
    Endorsements on certificates for Old Notes or signatures on bond powers
required by this Instruction 3 must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.
 
    4.  SPECIAL ISSUANCE AND DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS.  Tendering holders should
indicate in the applicable box the name and address to which certificates for
Exchange Notes and/or substitute certificates evidencing Old Notes for the
principal amounts not exchanged are to be issued or sent, if different from the
name and address of the person signing this Letter of Transmittal. In the case
of issuance in a different name, the
 
                                       10

employer identification or social security number of the person named must also
be indicated. If no such instructions are given, any Old Notes not exchanged
will be returned to the name and address of the person signing this Letter of
Transmittal.
 
    5.  TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBER AND BACKUP WITHHOLDING.  Federal income tax
law of the United States requires that a holder of Old Notes whose Old Notes are
accepted for exchange provide the Company with his correct taxpayer
identification number, which, in the case of a holder who is an individual, is
his or her social security number, or otherwise establish an exemption from
backup withholding. If the Company is not provided with the correct taxpayer
identification number, the exchanging holder of Old Notes may be subject to a
$50 penalty imposed by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"). In addition,
interest on the Exchange Notes acquired pursuant to the Exchange Offer may be
subject to backup withholding in an amount equal to 31% of any interest payment.
If withholding occurs and results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund may be
obtained.
 
    To prevent backup withholding, each exchange holder of Old Notes subject to
backup withholding must provide his correct taxpayer identification number by
completing the Substitute Form W-9 provided in this Letter of Transmittal,
certifying that the taxpayer identification number provided is correct (or that
the exchanging holder of Old Notes is awaiting a taxpayer identification number)
and that either (a) the exchanging holder has not yet notified by the IRS that
such holder is subject to backup withholding as a result of failure to report
all interest or dividends or (b) the IRS has notified the exchanging holder that
such holder is no longer subject to backup withholding.
 
    Certain exchanging holders of Old Notes (including, among others, all
corporations and certain foreign individuals) are not subject to these backup
withholding requirements. A foreign individual and other exempt holders (i.e.
corporations) should certify, in accordance with the enclosed "Guidelines for
Certification of Taxpayer Identification Number on Substitute Form W-9," to such
exempt status on the Substitute Form W-9 provided in this Letter of Transmittal.
 
    6.  TRANSFER TAXES.  Holders tendering pursuant to the Exchange Offer will
not be obligated to pay brokerage commissions or fees or to pay transfer taxes
with respect to their exchange under the Exchange Offer unless the box entitled
"Special Issuance Instructions" in this Letter of Transmittal has been
completed, or unless the Exchange Notes are to be issued to any person other
than the holder of the Old Notes tendered for exchange. The Company will pay all
other charges or expenses in connection with the Exchange Offer. If holders
tender Old Notes for exchange and the Exchange Offer is not consummated,
certificates representing the Old Notes will be returned to the holders at the
Company's expense.
 
    Except as provided in this Instruction 6, it will not be necessary for
transfer tax stamps to be affixed to the certificate(s) specified in this Letter
of Transmittal.
 
    7.  INADEQUATE SPACE.  If the space provided herein is inadequate, the
aggregate principal amount of the Old Notes being tendered and the certificate
numbers (if available) should be listed on a separate schedule attached hereto
and separately signed by all parties required to sign this Letter of
Transmittal.
 
    8.  PARTIAL TENDERS.  Tenders of Old Notes will be accepted only in integral
multiples of $1,000. If tenders are to be made with respect to less than the
entire principal amount of any Old Notes, fill in the principal amount of Old
Notes which are tendered in column (3) in the box on the cover entitled
"Description of Old Notes Tendered." In the case of partial tenders, new
certificates representing the Old Notes in fully registered form for the
remainder of the principal amount of the Old Notes will be sent to the person(s)
signing this Letter of Transmittal, unless otherwise indicated in the
appropriate place on this Letter of Transmittal, as promptly as practicable
after the expiration or termination of the Exchange Offer.
 
    9.  MUTILATED, LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED OLD NOTES.  Any holder whose Old
Notes have been mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed should contact the Exchange
Agent at the address indicated above for further instructions.
 
    10.  REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE OR ADDITIONAL COPIES.  Requests for assistance
or additional copies of the Prospectus or this Letter of Transmittal may be
obtained from the Exchange Agent at its telephone number set forth on the cover.
 
                                       11

               PAYER'S NAME: STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
 

                                                   
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
           SUBSTITUTE             Part I--PLEASE              Social Security Number
            FORM W-9              PROVIDE YOUR TIN IN      OR ------------------------
   Department of the Treasury     THE BOX AT RIGHT AND    Employer Identification Number
    Internal Revenue Service      CERTIFY BY SIGNING
                                  AND DATING BELOW.
                                  -------------------------------------------------------
  Payer's Request for Taxpayer    Part II--Awaiting TIN  / /
  Identification Number (TIN)
                                  -------------------------------------------------------
                                  Part III--Exempt  / /
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CERTIFICATION--UNDER PENALTIES OF PERJURY, I CERTIFY THAT:
(1) The number shown on this form is my correct Taxpayer Identification Number (or I am
waiting for a number to be issued to me) and
(2) I am not subject to backup withholding either because: (a) I am exempt from backup
withholding; or (b) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS")
that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of failure to report all interest or
dividends, or (c) the IRS has notified me that I am no longer subject to backup
withholding.
CERTIFICATION INSTRUCTIONS--You must cross out item (2) above if you have been notified
by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding because of under-reporting interest
or dividends on your tax return. However, if after being notified by the IRS that you
were subject to backup withholding you received another notification from the IRS stating
that you are no longer subject to backup withholding, do not cross out item (2). If you
are exempt from backup withholding, check the box in Part III.
 
Signature -------------------------------------------------------   Date
- -------------------
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 
PAYER'S REQUEST FOR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (TIN)
Please fill out your name and address below:
 
________________________________________________________________________________
Name
 
________________________________________________________________________________
Address (Number and street)
 
________________________________________________________________________________
City, State and Zip Code
 
NOTE:  FAILURE TO COMPLETE AND RETURN THIS FORM MAY RESULT IN BACKUP WITHHOLDING
       OF 31% OF ANY PAYMENTS MADE TO YOU PURSUANT TO THE OFFER AND THE
       SOLICITATION. PLEASE REVIEW THE ENCLOSED GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF
       TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER OF SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 FOR ADDITIONAL
       DETAILS.
 
       YOU MUST COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATE IF YOU CHECKED THE BOX IN
       PART II OF SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9.
 
             CERTIFICATE OF AWAITING TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
 
    I certify under penalties of perjury that a taxpayer identification number
has not been issued to me, and either (a) I have mailed or delivered an
application to receive a taxpayer identification number to the appropriate
Internal Revenue Service Center or Social Security Administration Office or (b)
I intend to mail or deliver an application in the near future. I understand that
if I do not provide a taxpayer identification number to the payor by the time of
payment, 31% of all reportable payments made to me will be withheld until I
provide a number and that, if I do not provide my taxpayer identification number
within 60 days, such retained amounts shall be remitted to the IRS as backup
withholding.
 
Signature
- -------------------------------------------------------                     Date
- -------------------
 
                                       12