GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
 
    GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER TO GIVE THE
PAYOR. -- Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens:
I.E., 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by
only one hyphen: I.E., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the
number to give the payor.
 


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FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:    GIVE THE SOCIAL
                             SECURITY NUMBER OF --
- -------------------------------------------------------
 
1. An individual's account   The individual
 
2. Two or more individuals   The actual owner of the
   (joint account)           account, or, if combined
                             funds, the first
                             individual on the
                             account(1)
 
3. Husband and wife (joint   The actual owner of the
   account)                  account or, if joint
                             funds, either person(1)
 
4. Custodian account of a    The minor(2)
   minor (Uniform Gift to
   Minors Act)
 
5. Adult and minor (joint    The adult or, if the minor
   account)                  is the only contributor,
                             the minor(1)
 
6. Account in the name of    The ward, minor, or
   guardian or committee     incompetent person(3)
   for a designated ward,
   minor, or incompetent
   person
 
7. a. The revocable savings  The grantor-trustee(1)
      trust account
      (grantor is also
      trustee)
 
  b. Any "trust" account     The actual owner(1)
     that is not a legal or
     valid trust under
     State law
 
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FOR THIS TYPE OF ACCOUNT:    GIVE THE EMPLOYER
                             IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
                             OF--
- -------------------------------------------------------
 
8. Sole proprietorship       The owner(4)
   account
 
9. A valid trust, estate or  The legal entity (Do not
   pension trust             furnish the identifying
                             number of the personal
                             representative or the
                             trustee unless the legal
                             entity itself is not
                             designated in the account
                             title.)(5)
 
10. Corporate account        The corporation
 
11. Religious, charitable,   The organization
    or educational
    organization account
 
12. Partnership              The partnership
 
13. Association, club, or    The organization
    other tax-exempt
    organization
 
14. A broker or registered   The broker or nominee
    nominee
 
15. Account with the         The public entity
    Department of
    Agriculture in the name
    of a public entity
    (such as a State or
    local government,
    school district, or
    prison) that receives
    agricultural program
    payments

 
- -------------------------------------------
                                     -------------------------------------------
 
(1)   List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish.
 
(2)   Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
 
(3)   Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such
    person's social security number.
 
(4)   Show the name of the owner. If the owner does not have an employer
    identification number, furnish the owner's social security number.
 
(5)   List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension
    trust.
 
NOTE: IF NO NAME IS CIRCLED WHEN THERE IS MORE THAN ONE NAME, THE NUMBER WILL BE
      CONSIDERED TO BE THAT OF THE FIRST NAME LISTED.

            GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
                         NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
                                     PAGE 2
 
OBTAINING A NUMBER
 
If you do not have a taxpayer identification number or you do not know your
number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card (for
resident individuals), Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number
(for businesses and all other entities), Form W-7 for International Taxpayer
Identification Number (for alien individuals required to file U.S. tax returns),
at an office of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue
Service.
 
To complete the Substitute Form W-9, if you do not have a taxpayer
identification number, write "Applied For" in the space for the taxpayer
identification number in Part 1, sign and date the Form, and give it to the
requester. Generally, you will then have 60 days to obtain a taxpayer
identification number and furnish it to the requester. If the requester does not
receive your taxpayer identification number within 60 days, backup withholding,
if applicable, will begin and will continue until you furnish your taxpayer
identification number to the requester.
 
PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING PENALTIES
 
Payees specifically exempted from backup withholding on ALL payments include the
following:*
 
- - A corporation.
 
- - A financial institution.
 
- - An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a), or an individual
  retirement plan, or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7).
 
- - The United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.
 
- - A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any
  political subdivision or instrumentality thereof.
 
- - A foreign government or a political subdivision, agency or instrumentality
  thereof.
 
- - An international organization or any agency, or instrumentality thereof.
 
- - A registered dealer in securities or commodities registered in the U.S. or a
  possession of the U.S.
 
- - A real estate investment trust.
 
- - A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a).
 
- - An entity registered at all times under the tax year under the Investment
  Company Act of 1940.
 
- - A foreign central bank of issue.
 
Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup
withholding include the following:
 
- - Payments to nonresident aliens subject to withholding under section 1441.
 
- - Payments to partnerships not engaged in a trade or business in the U.S. and
  which have at least one nonresident partner.
 
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*   Unless otherwise noted herein, all references below to section numbers or to
    regulations are references to the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations
    promulgated thereunder.
 
- - Payments of patronage dividends where the amount received is not paid in
  money.
 
- - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
 
- - Payments made to a nominee.
 
Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the
following:
 
- - Payments of interest on obligations issued by individuals. NOTE: You may be
  subject to backup withholding if (i) this interest is $600 or more, (ii) the
  interest is paid in the course of the payor's trade or business and (iii) you
  have not provided your correct taxpayer identification number to the payor.
 
- - Payments of tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends under
  section 852).
 
- - Payments described in section 6049(b)(5) to nonresident aliens.
 
- - Payments on tax-free covenant bonds under section 1451.
 
- - Payments made by certain foreign organizations.
 
- - Payments made to a nominee.
 
EXEMPT PAYEES DESCRIBED ABOVE SHOULD FILE A SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 TO AVOID
POSSIBLE ERRONEOUS BACKUP WITHHOLDING. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYOR, FURNISH
YOUR TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, WRITE "EXEMPT" IN PART 2, SIGN AND DATE THE
FORM AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYOR.
 
Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends that
are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup
withholding. For details, see the regulations under sections 6041, 6041A(a),
6045 and 6050A.
 
PRIVACY ACT NOTICES. Section 6109 requires most recipients of dividends,
interest, or other payments to give taxpayer identification numbers to payors
who must report the payments to IRS. The IRS uses the numbers for identification
purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your tax return. Payors must be
given the numbers whether or not recipients are required to file tax returns.
Payors must generally withhold 31% of taxable interest, dividends, and certain
other payments to a payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number
to a payor. Certain penalties may also apply.
 
PENALTIES
 
(1) PENALTY FOR FAILURE TO FURNISH TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER-- If you fail
to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payor, you are subject to a
penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable
cause and not to willful neglect.
 
(2) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FALSE STATEMENTS WITH RESPECT TO WITHHOLDING-- If you make
a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no imposition of
backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.
 
(3) CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR FALSIFYING INFORMATION--If you falsify certifications
or affirmations, you are subject to criminal penalties including fines and/or
imprisonment.
 
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE
SERVICE.