2,000,000 SHARES
AMERICAN NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC.
COMMON STOCK
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
February __, 1999
CRUTTENDEN ROTH INCORPORATED
JOSEPHTHAL & CO. INC.
As Representatives of the several Underwriters
c/o Cruttenden Roth Incorporated
18301 Von Karman, Suite 100
Irvine, California 92612
Gentlemen:
American National Financial, Inc., a California corporation (the
"Company"), addresses you as the Representatives of each of the persons, firms
and corporations listed in Schedule A hereto (herein collectively called the
"Underwriters") and hereby confirms its agreement with the several Underwriters
as follows:
1. DESCRIPTION OF SHARES. The Company proposes to issue and sell
2,000,000 shares of its authorized and unissued Common Stock, no par value
(the "Firm Shares"), to the several Underwriters. In addition, for the sole
purpose of covering over-allotments in connection with the sale of the Firm
Shares, the Company proposes to grant to the Underwriters an option to
purchase up to 300,000 additional shares of the Company's Common Stock (the
"Option Shares"), as provided in Section 4 hereof. As used in this
Agreement, the term "Shares" shall include the Firm Shares and the Option
Shares. The Company also proposes to sell to you, individually and not in
your capacity as Representatives, warrants (the "Representatives' Warrants")
to purchase 125,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company (the
"Representatives' Warrant Stock"), which sale will be consummated in
accordance with the terms and conditions of the Representatives' Warrant
Agreement (the "Representatives' Warrant Agreement"), the form of which is
filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement described below. All
shares of Common Stock of the Company to be outstanding after giving effect
to the sales contemplated hereby, including the sale of the Shares, are
hereinafter referred to as "Common Stock." Unless the context otherwise
requires, references herein to the "Company" include American National
Financial, Inc., together with its predecessor and subsidiaries described in
the Prospectus (hereinafter defined).
2. REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND AGREEMENTS OF THE COMPANY.
The Company represents and warrants to and agrees with each of the
Underwriters that:
(a) A registration statement on Form S-1 (File
No. 333-62353) with respect to the Shares, the Representatives' Warrants and the
Representatives' Warrant Stock, including a prospectus subject to completion,
has been prepared by the Company in conformity with the requirements of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), and the applicable rules and
regulations (the "Rules and Regulations") of the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "Commission") under the Act and has been filed with the
Commission; such amendments to such registration statement and such amended
prospectuses subject to completion as may have been required prior to the date
hereof have been similarly prepared and filed with the Commission; and the
Company will file such additional amendments to such registration statement and
such amended prospectuses subject to completion as may hereafter be required.
Copies of such registration statement and amendments and of each related
prospectus subject to completion (the "Preliminary Prospectuses") have been
delivered to you.
If the registration statement relating to the Shares has been
declared effective under the Act by the Commission, the Company will prepare and
promptly file with the Commission the information previously omitted from the
registration statement pursuant to Rule 430A(a) of the Rules and Regulations
pursuant to subparagraph (1) or (4) of Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations
or as part of a post-effective amendment to the registration statement
(including a final form of prospectus). If the registration statement relating
to the Shares has not been declared effective under the Act by the Commission,
the Company will prepare and promptly file an amendment to the registration
statement, including a final form of prospectus. The term "Registration
Statement" as used in this Agreement shall mean such registration statement,
including financial statements, schedules and exhibits, in the form in which it
became or becomes, as the case may be, effective (including, if the Company
omitted information from the registration statement pursuant to Rule 430A(a) of
the Rules and Regulations, the information deemed to be a part of the
registration statement at the time it became effective pursuant to Rule 430A(b)
of the Rules and Regulations) and, in the event of any amendment thereto after
the effective date of such registration statement, shall also mean (from and
after the effectiveness of such amendment) such registration statement as so
amended. The term "Prospectus" as used in this Agreement shall mean the
prospectus relating to the Shares as included in such Registration Statement at
the time it becomes effective (including, if the Company omitted information
from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430A(a) of the Rules and
Regulations, the information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement
at the time it became effective pursuant to Rule 430A(b) of the Rules and
Regulations), except that if any revised prospectus shall be provided to the
Underwriters by the Company for use in connection with the offering of the
Shares that differs from the prospectus on file with the Commission at the time
the Registration Statement became or becomes, as the case may be, effective
(whether or not such revised prospectus is required to be filed with the
Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) of the Rules and Regulations), the term
"Prospectus" shall refer to such revised prospectus from and after the time it
is first provided to the Underwriters for such use.
(b) The Commission has not issued any order preventing or
suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or instituted proceedings for
that purpose, and each such Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing
thereof, has conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Act
and the Rules and Regulations and, as of its date, has not included any untrue
statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to
make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading; and at the time the Registration Statement became or
becomes, as the case may be, effective and at all times subsequent thereto up to
and on the Closing Date (hereinafter defined) and on any later date on which
Option Shares are to be purchased, (i) the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus, and any amendments or supplements thereto, contained and will
contain all material information required to be included
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therein by the Act and the Rules and Regulations and will in all material
respects conform to the requirements of the Act and the Rules and Regulations,
(ii) the Registration Statement, and any amendments or supplements thereto, did
not and will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, and (iii) the Prospectus, and any amendments
or supplements thereto, did not and will not include any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that none of the representations and warranties
contained in this subparagraph (b) shall apply to information contained in or
omitted from the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or
supplement thereto, in reliance upon, and in conformity with, written
information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company by such
Underwriter specifically for use in the preparation thereof.
(c) The Company does not own or control, directly or
indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than the
subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21 of the Registration Statement. The Company
and each of its subsidiaries has been duly incorporated and is validly existing
as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its
incorporation with full power and authority (corporate and other) to own, lease
and operate its properties and conduct its business as described in the
Prospectus; the Company and each of its subsidiaries is duly qualified to do
business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing in each jurisdiction
in which the ownership or leasing of its properties or the conduct of its
business requires such qualification, except where the failure to be so
qualified or be in good standing would not have a material adverse effect on the
condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, operations or business of the
Company taken as a whole; no proceeding has been instituted in any such
jurisdiction, revoking, limiting or curtailing, or seeking to revoke, limit or
curtail, such power and authority or qualification; the Company is not in
material violation of its charter or bylaws or in default in the performance or
observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any
material bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness, or in any
material lease, contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement,
joint venture or other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party
or by which it or its properties or assets may be bound, except for any such
violations or defaults which, individually or in the aggregate, would not have a
material adverse effect of the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings,
operations or business of the Company taken as a whole; and the Company is not
in violation of any law, order, rule, regulation, writ, injunction, judgment or
decree of any court, government or governmental agency or body, domestc or
foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or over its properties or assets.
(d) The Company holds such permits, licenses, consents,
exemptions, franchises, authorizations and other approvals from insurance
departments and other governmental or regulatory authorities (including, without
limitation, insurance licenses from the insurance regulatory agencies of the
various states or other jurisdictions where it conducts business), and has made
all filings with and notices to, all governmental or regulatory authorities and
self-regulatory organizations and all courts and other tribunals, including,
without limitation, under any applicable environmental laws, as are necessary to
own, lease, license and operate its respective properties and to conduct its
business, and the Company has fulfilled and performed all material obligations
necessary to maintain such authorizations and insurance licenses. Each such
authorization and insurance license is valid and in full force and effect and
the Company is in compliance with all of the terms and conditions thereof and
with the rules and regulations of the authorities and governing bodies having
jurisdiction with respect thereto; and no event has occurred (including, without
limitation, the receipt of any notice from any authority or governing body)
which allows or, after notice or lapse of time or both, would allow, revocation,
suspension or termination of any such authorization or insurance license or
result in any other impairment of the rights of the holder of any such
authorization or insurance license; such authorizations and insurance licenses
contain no restrictions that are burdensome to the Company; and no insurance
regulatory agency or body has issued
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any order or decree impairing, restricting or prohibiting the payment of
dividends by any of the Company's subsidiaries to the Company.
(e) The Company has full legal right, power and authority
to enter into this Agreement and the Representatives' Warrant Agreement and to
perform the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. Each of this
Agreement and the Representatives' Warrant Agreement has been duly authorized,
executed and delivered by the Company and is a valid and binding agreement on
the part of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as
rights to indemnification under this Agreement or the Representatives' Warrant
Agreement may be limited by applicable law and except as the enforcement may be
limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or
other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights generally or by
general equitable principles; the performance of this Agreement and the
Representatives' Warrant Agreement and the consummation of the transactions
herein or therein contemplated will not violate any provisions of the charter,
bylaws or other organizational document of the Company and will not result in a
breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute, either
by itself or upon notice or the passage of time or both, a default under any
bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness, or under any lease,
contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, joint venture or
other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which its
properties or assets may be bound, or any law, order, rule, regulation, writ,
injunction, judgment or decree of any court, government or governmental agency
or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or over its
properties or assets.
(f) No consent, approval, authorization, license, waiver,
registration or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or
authority, regulatory or administrative agency (including, without limitation,
any insurance regulatory body or agency), governmental commission, court or
tribunal (or any department, bureau or division thereof) or any arbitral body
having jurisdiction over the Company is required for (i) the execution and
delivery of this Agreement or the Representatives' Warrant Agreement; (ii) the
consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated herein and therein
and in the Registration Statement; (iii) the valid authorization, issuance, sale
and delivery of the Shares or the execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement; or (iv) for the use of proceeds to be received by the Company from
such sale in the manner described under the caption "Use of Proceeds" contained
in the Prospectus and in any Preliminary Prospectus, except such as may be
required under the Act, the Exchange Act, or under state or other securities,
Blue Sky or insurance laws, or such approvals from various state insurance
departments that have been obtained, all of which requirements have been
satisfied in all material respects.
(g) There is not any pending or, to the best of the
Company's knowledge, threatened action, suit, claim or proceeding against the
Company, or any of its officers or any of its properties, assets or rights
before any court, government or governmental agency or body, domestic or
foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or over its officers or properties
or otherwise that (i) is reasonably likely to result in any material adverse
change in the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, operations, business
or business prospects of the Company or might materially and adversely affect
its properties, assets or rights, (ii) might prevent consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby or (iii) is required to be disclosed in the
Registration Statement or Prospectus and is not so disclosed; and there are no
agreements, contracts, leases or documents of the Company of a character
required to be described or referred to in the Registration Statement or
Prospectus or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement by the Act
or the Rules and Regulations or by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
"Exchange Act") or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder that
have not been accurately described in all material respects in the Registration
Statement or Prospectus or filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement.
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(h) All outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company
have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and
nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state
securities laws, were not issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive
rights or other rights to subscribe for or purchase securities, and the
authorized and outstanding capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the
Prospectus under the caption "Capitalization" and conforms to the statements
relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (and
such statements correctly state the substance of the instruments defining the
capitalization of the Company); the Firm Shares and the Option Shares have been
duly authorized for issuance and sale to the Underwriters pursuant to this
Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the Company against payment therefor
in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be duly and validly issued
and fully paid and nonassessable, and will be sold free and clear of any pledge,
lien, security interest, encumbrance, claim or equitable interest; and no
preemptive right, co-sale right, registration right, right of first refusal or
other similar right of shareholders exists with respect to any of the Firm
Shares or Option Shares or the issuance and sale thereof other than those that
will automatically expire upon the consummation of the transactions contemplated
on the Closing Date. No further approval or authorization of any shareholder,
the Board of Directors of the Company or others is required for the issuance and
sale or transfer of the Shares except as may be required under the Act, the
Rules and Regulations or under state or other securities or Blue Sky laws.
Except as disclosed in or contemplated by the Prospectus and the financial
statements of the Company, and the related notes thereto, included in the
Prospectus, the Company has no outstanding options to purchase, or any
preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase, any
securities or obligations convertible into, or any contracts or commitments to
issue or sell, shares of its capital stock or any such options, rights,
convertible securities or obligations. The description of the Company's stock
option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or
other rights granted and exercised thereunder, set forth in the Prospectus
accurately and fairly presents the information required to be shown with respect
to such plans, arrangements, options and rights under the Act and the Rules and
Regulations.
(i) KPMG LLP, which has expressed its opinion with respect
to the financial statements of the Company filed with the Commission as a part
of the Registration Statement, which are included in the Prospectus, are
independent accountants within the meaning of the Act and the Rules and
Regulations. The audited financial statements of the Company, together with the
related schedules and notes, and the unaudited financial information, included
in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, fairly present the financial
position and the results of operations of the Company at the respective dates
and for the respective periods to which they apply. Such financial statements
of the Company, together with the related schedules and notes, filed with the
Commission as part of the Registration Statement, have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied
throughout the periods as certified by KPMG LLP. The selected and summary
financial and statistical data included in the Registration Statement present
fairly the information shown therein and have been compiled on a basis
consistent with the audited financial statements presented therein. No other
financial statements or schedules are required to be included in the
Registration Statement.
(j) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which
information is given in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, except as
specifically disclosed or contemplated therein, there has been no (i) material
adverse change in the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, operations
or business of the Company, (ii) transaction entered into by the Company that is
material to the Company, (iii) obligation, direct or contingent incurred by the
Company that is material to the Company, (iv) change in the capital stock or
outstanding indebtedness of the Company that is material to the Company,
(v) dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital
stock of the Company, or (vi) loss or damage (whether or not insured) to the
property of the Company which has a material adverse effect on the condition
(financial or otherwise), earnings, operations or business of the Company.
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(k) Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and
Prospectus, (i) the Company has good and marketable title to all properties and
assets described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus as owned by it,
free and clear of any pledge, lien, security interest, encumbrance, claim or
equitable interest, other than such as would not have a material adverse effect
on the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, operations or business of
the Company, (ii) the agreements to which the Company is a party described in
the Registration Statement are valid agreements, enforceable by the Company,
except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or
affecting creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles and, to
the best of the Company's knowledge, the other contracting party or parties
thereto are not in material breach or material default under any of such
agreements, and (iii) the Company has valid and enforceable leases for all
properties described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus as leased by
it, except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or
affecting creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles.
Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, the Company
owns or leases all such properties as are necessary to its operations as now
conducted and as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
(l) The Company has timely filed all federal, state, local
and foreign tax returns required to be filed by it and has paid all taxes shown
thereon as due, and there is no tax deficiency that has been or, to the best of
the Company's knowledge, is reasonably likely to be asserted against the
Company, which might have a material adverse effect on the condition (financial
or otherwise), earnings, operations or business of the Company, and all tax
liabilities are adequately provided for on the books of the Company.
(m) The Company maintains insurance with insurers of
recognized financial responsibility of the types and in the amounts generally
deemed adequate for its business including, but not limited to, insurance
covering real and personal property owned or leased by the Company against
theft, damage, destruction, acts of vandalism and all other risks customarily
insured against, all of which insurance is in full force and effect; the Company
has not been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and the
Company does not have any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew
its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain
similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its
business at a cost that would not materially and adversely affect the condition
(financial or otherwise), earnings, operations or business of the Company.
(n) To the best of Company's knowledge, no labor
disturbance by the employees of the Company exists or is imminent. No
collective bargaining agreement exists with any of the Company's employees and,
to the best of the Company's knowledge, no such agreement is imminent.
(o) Except as disclosed in or specifically contemplated by
the Prospectus, the Company owns or possesses adequate rights to use all patent
rights, trade secrets, mask works, know-how, trademarks, copyrights, licenses,
service marks and trade names that are necessary to conduct its businesses as
described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus; the Company has not
received any notice of, and has no knowledge of, any infringement of or conflict
with asserted rights of the Company by others with respect to any patent rights,
trade secrets, mask works, know-how, trademarks, copyrights, licenses, service
marks or trade names; and the Company has not received any notice of, and has no
knowledge of, any infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others
with respect to any patent rights, trade secrets, mask works, know-how,
trademarks, copyrights, licenses, service marks or trade names which, singly or
in the aggregate, in the event of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding,
would have a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or otherwise),
earnings, operations, business or business prospects of the Company.
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(p) The Common Stock is registered pursuant to
Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and is approved for quotation on the Nasdaq
National Market, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to
have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the
Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from the Nasdaq National Market, nor
has the Company received any notification that the Commission or the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD") is contemplating terminating
such registration or listing.
(q) The Company has been advised concerning the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), and the rules and regulations
thereunder, and has in the past conducted, and intends in the future to conduct,
its affairs in such a manner as to ensure that it will not become an "investment
company" or a company "controlled" by an "investment company" within the meaning
of the 1940 Act and such rules and regulations.
(r) The Company has not distributed and will not distribute
prior to the later of (i) the Closing Date, or any date on which Option Shares
are to be purchased, as the case may be, and (ii) completion of the distribution
of the Shares, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of
the Shares other than any Preliminary Prospectuses, the Prospectus, the
Registration Statement and other materials, if any, permitted by the Act.
(s) The Company has not at any time during the last five
(5) years (i) made any unlawful contribution to any candidate for foreign office
or failed to disclose fully any contribution in violation of law, or (ii) made
any payment to any federal or state governmental officer or official, or other
person charged with similar public or quasi-public duties, other than payments
required or permitted by the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction
thereof.
(t) The Company has not taken and will not take, directly
or indirectly, any action designed to or that might reasonably be expected to
cause or result in stabilization in violation of law or manipulation of the
price of the Common Stock to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares.
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(u) The Company has provided to counsel for the
Underwriters a complete and accurate list of all shareholders of the Company and
the number and type of securities held by each shareholder. The Company has
provided to counsel for the Underwriters true, accurate and complete copies of
all of the agreements pursuant to which its officers, directors,
director-nominees and shareholders have agreed to such restrictions (the
"Lock-up Agreements").
(v) Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and
Prospectus, (i) the Company is in material compliance with all rules, laws and
regulations relating to the use, treatment, storage and disposal of toxic
substances and protection of health or the environment ("Environmental Laws")
that are applicable to its business, (ii) the Company has received no notice
from any governmental authority or third party of an asserted claim under
Environmental Laws, which claim is required to be disclosed in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus, (iii) to its best knowledge, the Company is not
likely to be required to make future material capital expenditures to comply
with Environmental Laws and (iv) no property which is owned, leased or occupied
by the Company has been designated as a Superfund site pursuant to the
Comprehensive Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (42
U.S.C. Section 9601, ET SEQ.), or otherwise designated as a contaminated site
under applicable state or local law.
(w) The Company maintains a system of internal accounting
controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are
executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations,
(ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to
maintain accountability for assets, including without limitation cash receipts,
(iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general
or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is
compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is
taken with respect to any differences.
(x) There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal
advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees
of indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of the officers,
directors or director-nominees of the Company or any of the members of the
families of any of them, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus.
(y) The Representatives' Warrants have been duly and
validly authorized by the Company and upon delivery to you in accordance with
the Representatives' Warrant Agreement will be duly issued and legal, valid and
binding obligations of the Company.
(z) The Representatives' Warrant Stock has been duly
authorized and reserved for issuance upon the exercise of the Representatives'
Warrants and when issued upon payment of the exercise price therefor will be
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares of Common Stock of the
Company.
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3. REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND AGREEMENTS OF THE UNDERWRITERS.
The information set forth in the last paragraph on the front cover page (insofar
as such information relates to the Underwriters), in the second paragraph on
page 2, concerning stabilization and over-allotment by the Underwriters, and in
third and eighth paragraphs under the caption "Underwriting" in any Preliminary
Prospectus and in the final form of Prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)
constitutes the only information furnished by the Underwriters to the Company
for inclusion in any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or the Registration
Statement, and you, on behalf of the respective Underwriters, represent and
warrant to the Company that the statements made therein do not include any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of
the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
4. PURCHASE, SALE AND DELIVERY OF SHARES. On the basis of the
representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, but subject to the
terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to sell to the
Underwriters, and each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to
purchase from the Company, at a purchase price of $ ____________ per share (the
"Purchase Price"), the respective number of Firm Shares as hereinafter set
forth. The obligation of each Underwriter to the Company shall be to purchase
from the Company that number of Firm Shares which is set forth opposite the name
of such Underwriter in Schedule A hereto (subject to adjustment as provided in
Section 10).
Delivery of definitive certificates for the Firm Shares to be
purchased by the Underwriters pursuant to this Section 4 shall be made through
the facilities of The Depositary Trust Company ("DTC"), for the respective
accounts of the several Underwriters, against payment to the Company of the
Purchase Price therefore by wire transfer of Federal or other funds immediately
available in New York City. The time and date of delivery and payment for the
Firm Shares shall be 7:00 A.M., California time, on the third (3rd) full
business day following the first day that Shares are traded (or at such time and
date to which payment and delivery shall have been postponed pursuant to
Section 10 hereof), such time and date of payment and delivery being herein
called the "Closing Date." The certificates for the Firm Shares to be so
delivered will be made available to you at such office or such other location as
you may reasonably request for checking at least one (1) full business day prior
to the Closing Date and will be in such names and denominations as the
Representatives may request, such request to be made at least two (2) full
business days prior to the Closing Date.
On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements
herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the
Company hereby grants to the several Underwriters, for the purpose of covering
over-allotments in connection with the distribution and sale of the Firm Shares
only, a nontransferable option to purchase up to an aggregate of 300,000 Option
Shares from the Company at the Purchase Price. Such option may be exercised by
the Representatives on behalf of the several Underwriters on one or more
occasions in whole or in part during the forty-five (45) day period after the
date on
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which the Firm Shares are initially offered to the public, by giving written
notice to the Company. The number of Option Shares to be purchased by each
Underwriter upon the exercise of such option shall be the same proportion of the
total number of Option Shares to be purchased as the number of Firm Shares
purchased by such Underwriter (set forth in Schedule A hereto) bears to the
total number of Firm Shares purchased by the several Underwriters (set forth in
Schedule A hereto), adjusted by the Representatives in such manner as to avoid
fractional shares.
Delivery of definitive certificates for the Option Shares to be
purchased by the several Underwriters pursuant to the exercise of the option
granted by this Section 4 shall be made through the facilities of the DTC for
the respective accounts of the several Underwriters against payment of the
Purchase Price therefore by wire transfer of Federal or other funds immediately
available in New York City. Such delivery and payment shall take place at such
place as may be agreed upon by the Representatives (i) on the Closing Date, if
written notice of the exercise of such option is received by the Agent at least
three (3) full business days prior to the Closing Date, or (ii) on a date which
shall not be later than the fifth (5th) full business day following the date the
Company receives written notice of the exercise of such option, if such notice
is received by the Company less than three (3) full business days prior to the
Closing Date.
The certificates for the Option Shares to be so delivered will be
made available to you at such office or such other location as you may
reasonably request for inspection at least two (2) full business days prior to
the date of payment and delivery and will be in such names and denominations as
you may request, such request to be made at least three (3) full business days
prior to such date of payment and delivery.
It is understood that you, individually, and not as the
Representatives of the several Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to)
make payment of the Purchase Price on behalf of any Underwriter or Underwriters
whose check or checks shall not have been received by you prior to the date of
payment and delivery for the Firm Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be,
to be purchased by such Underwriter or Underwriters. Any such payment by you
shall not relieve any such Underwriter or Underwriters of any of its or their
obligations hereunder.
Upon exercise of any option provided for in this Section 4, the
obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase such Option Shares will be
subject (as of the date hereof and as of the date of payment and delivery for
such Option Shares) to the accuracy of and compliance with the representations,
warranties and agreements of the Company herein, to the accuracy of the
statements of the Company and officers of the Company made pursuant to the
provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company of its obligations
hereunder, and to the condition that all proceedings taken at or prior to the
payment date in connection with the sale and transfer of such Option Shares
shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to you and to
Underwriters' Counsel, and you shall have been furnished with all such
documents, certificates and opinions as you may reasonably request in order to
evidence the accuracy and completeness of any of the representations, warranties
or statements, the performance of any of the covenants or agreements of the
Company or the compliance with any of the conditions herein contained in each
case in all material respects.
The Company is advised by the Representatives that the several
Underwriters intend to make an initial public offering (as such term is
described
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in Section 12 hereof) of their respective portions of the Shares as soon after
the execution and delivery of this Agreement as in the Representatives' judgment
is advisable and initially upon the terms set forth in the Prospectus. After
the initial public offering, the several Underwriters may, in their discretion,
vary the public offering price.
5. FURTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE COMPANY. The Company agrees with the
several Underwriters that:
(a) The Company will use best efforts to cause the
Registration Statement and any amendment thereof, if not effective at the time
and date that this Agreement is executed and delivered by the parties hereto, to
become effective as promptly as possible; it will notify you, promptly after it
shall receive notice thereof, of the time when the Registration Statement or any
subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement has become effective or any
supplement to the Prospectus has been filed; if the Company omitted information
from the Registration Statement at the time it was originally declared effective
in reliance upon Rule 430A(a) of the Rules and Regulations, the Company will
provide evidence satisfactory to you that the Prospectus contains such
information and has been filed, within the time period prescribed, with the
Commission pursuant to subparagraph (1) or (4) of Rule 424(b) of the Rules and
Regulations or as part of a post-effective amendment to such Registration
Statement as originally declared effective which is declared effective by the
Commission; if for any reason the filing of the final form of Prospectus is
required under Rule 424(b)(3) of the Rules and Regulations, it will provide
evidence satisfactory to you that the Prospectus contains such information and
has been filed with the Commission within the time period prescribed; it will
notify you promptly of any request by the Commission for the amending or
supplementing of the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or for additional
information; promptly upon your request, it will prepare and file with the
Commission any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or
Prospectus which, in the opinion of counsel for the several Underwriters
("Underwriters' Counsel"), may be necessary or advisable in connection with the
distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters; it will promptly prepare and
file with the Commission, and promptly notify you of the filing of, any
amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus which may
be necessary to correct any statements or omissions, if, at any time when a
prospectus relating to the Shares is required to be delivered under the Act, any
event shall have occurred as a result of which the Prospectus or any other
prospectus relating to the Shares as then in effect would include any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading; in case any Underwriter is required to deliver a
prospectus nine (9) months or more after the effective date of the Registration
Statement in connection with the sale of the Shares, it will prepare promptly
upon request, but at the expense of such Underwriter, such amendment or
amendments to the Registration Statement and such prospectus or prospectuses as
may be necessary to permit compliance with the requirements of Section 10(a)(3)
of the Act; and it will file no amendment or supplement to the Registration
Statement or Prospectus which shall not previously have been submitted to you a
reasonable time prior to the proposed filing thereof or to which you shall
reasonably object in writing, subject, however, to compliance with the Act and
the Rules and Regulations and the rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder and the provisions of this Agreement.
(b) The Company will advise you promptly after it shall
have received notice or obtained knowledge of the issuance of any stop order by
the Commission suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of
the initiation or threat of any proceeding for that purpose; and it will
promptly use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to
obtain its withdrawal at the earliest possible moment if such stop order should
be issued.
(c) The Company will use reasonable efforts to qualify the
Shares for offering and sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as
you may designate and to continue such
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qualifications in effect for so long as may be required for purposes of the
distribution of the Shares, except that the Company shall not be required in
connection therewith or as a condition thereof to qualify as a foreign
corporation or to execute a general consent to service of process in any
jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise required to be so qualified or to so
execute a general consent to service of process. In each jurisdiction in which
the Shares shall have been qualified as above provided, the Company will make
and file such statements and reports in each year as are or may be reasonably
required by the laws of such jurisdiction.
(d) The Company will furnish to you, as soon as available,
copies of the Registration Statement (three of which will be signed and which
will include all exhibits), each Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and any
amendments or supplements to such documents, including any prospectus prepared
to permit compliance with Section 10(a)(3) of the Act (three of which will
include all exhibits) all in such quantities as you may from time to time
reasonably request.
(e) The Company will make generally available to its
shareholders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than the
forty-fifth (45th) day following the end of the fiscal quarter first occurring
after the first anniversary of the effective date of the Registration Statement,
an earnings statement (which will be in reasonable detail but need not be
audited) complying with the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Act and covering
a twelve (12) month period beginning after the effective date of the
Registration Statement.
(f) During a period of five (5) years after the date hereof
and for so long as the Company is subject to Section 13 or 15 of the Exchange
Act, the Company will furnish to its shareholders as soon as practicable after
the end of each respective period, annual reports (including financial
statements audited by independent certified public accountants) and unaudited
quarterly reports of operations for each of the first three quarters of the
fiscal year, and will furnish to you and the other several Underwriters
hereunder, upon request (i) concurrently with furnishing such reports to its
shareholders, statements of operations of the Company for each of the first
three (3) quarters in the form furnished to the Company's shareholders,
(ii) concurrently with furnishing to its shareholders, a balance sheet of the
Company as of the end of such fiscal year, together with statements of
operations, of shareholders' equity, and of cash flows of the Company for such
fiscal year, accompanied by a copy of the certificate or report thereon of
independent certified public accountants, (iii) as soon as they are available,
copies of all reports (financial or other) mailed to shareholders, (iv) as soon
as they are available, copies of all reports and financial statements furnished
to or filed with the Commission, any securities exchange or the NASD, (v) every
material press release and every material news item or article in respect of the
Company or its affairs which was generally released to shareholders or prepared
by the Company, and (vi) any additional information of a public nature
concerning the Company or its business which you may reasonably request. During
such five (5) year period, if the Company shall have active subsidiaries, the
foregoing financial statements shall be on a consolidated basis to the extent
that the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries are consolidated, and
shall be accompanied by similar financial statements for any significant
subsidiary that is not so consolidated.
(g) The Company will apply the net proceeds from the sale
of the Shares being sold by it in the manner set forth under the caption "Use of
Proceeds" in the Prospectus.
(h) The Company will maintain a transfer agent and a
registrar (which may be the same entity) for its Common Stock.
(i) If the transactions contemplated hereby are not
consummated by reason of any failure, refusal or inability on the part of the
Company to perform any agreement on its part to be
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performed hereunder or to fulfill any condition of the Underwriters' obligations
hereunder, or if the Company shall terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section
11(a) hereof, or if the Underwriters shall terminate this Agreement pursuant to
Section 11(b)(i), and, in the judgment of the Representatives, a public offering
price of $________ or more per share is available, then the Company shall (i)
reimburse the Representatives in full for its out-of-pocket expenses, including
without limitation, its legal fees and disbursements incurred prior to the
termination; (ii) pay all Blue Sky filing fees and expenses, including Blue Sky
legal fees and disbursements; (iii) indemnify and hold harmless the
Representatives for any expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including but not limited to
printing expenses and its accounting and legal fees; (iv) not sell any of its
capital stock to the public through another underwriter for a period of at least
twelve (12) months, or if it does so, then the Company shall pay to you $200,000
in addition to the amounts paid to you pursuant to subparagraphs (i), (ii) and
(iii) above, which the Company and you agree is fair compensation to the
Representatives for services performed with respect to the transactions
contemplated hereby; and (v) in the event the Company enters into an agreement
to be acquired or merges, sells all or substantially all of the assets or
otherwise effects a corporate reorganization with any other entity (a "Corporate
Transaction") and, as a result, the public offering contemplated hereby is
abandoned, (x) pay you a cash fee of $250,000, which the Company and you agree
is fair compensation to you for services performed with respect to the public
offering contemplated hereby (such cash fee to be in addition to the amounts
paid to you pursuant to subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) above) or (y) engage
you as the Company's exclusive financial advisor with respect to the Corporate
Transaction and upon request of the Company, you shall act as the Company's
investment banker in connection with any such acquisition and shall render such
services as are customary in connection therewith, in consideration for standard
and customary fees.
(j) If at any time during the ninety (90) day period after
the Registration Statement becomes effective, any rumor, publication or event
relating to or affecting the Company shall occur as a result of which in your
opinion the market price of the Common Stock has been or is likely to be
materially affected (regardless of whether such rumor, publication or event
necessitates a supplement to or amendment of the Prospectus), the Company will,
if reasonably requested by you, forthwith prepare, and, if permitted by law,
disseminate a press release or other public statement, reasonably satisfactory
to you, responding to or commenting on such rumor, publication or event.
(k) During the Lock-up Period (as hereinafter defined), the
Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives,
effect the Disposition (as hereinafter defined) of, directly or indirectly, any
Securities other than (i) the sale of the Firm Shares and the Option Shares
hereunder and, (ii) the Company's issuance of options or Common Stock under the
Company's presently authorized stock option plans or restricted stock plans
(collectively, the "Option Plans").
(l) The Company will not release any of its officers,
directors or director-nominees or other shareholders from any Lock-up Agreements
currently existing or hereafter effected without the prior written consent of
Cruttenden Roth Incorporated.
6. EXPENSES.
(a) The Company agrees with each Underwriter that:
(i) The Company will pay and bear all costs and
expenses in connection with the preparation, printing and filing of the
Registration Statement (including financial statements, schedules and exhibits),
Preliminary Prospectuses and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements
thereto with the SEC and the NASD; the printing of this Agreement, the Agreement
Among Underwriters, the
-13-
Selected Dealer Agreement, the Preliminary Blue Sky Survey and any supplemental
Blue Sky Survey, the Underwriters' Questionnaire and Power of Attorney, and any
instruments related to any of the foregoing; the issuance and delivery of the
Shares hereunder to the several Underwriters, including transfer taxes, if any,
the cost of all certificates representing the Shares and transfer agents' and
registrars' fees; all Blue Sky fees and expenses, including related fees and
disbursements of the Representatives' counsel; fifty percent (50%) of all other
fees and disbursements of the Representatives' counsel; the fees and
disbursements of counsel and accountants for the Company; all fees and other
charges of the Company's independent certified public accountants; the cost of
furnishing to the several Underwriters copies of the Registration Statement
(including appropriate exhibits), Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, and
any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing; NASD filing fees and the
cost of qualifying the Shares under the laws of such jurisdictions as you may
designate (including filing fees and fees and disbursements of counsel for the
Underwriters related to such qualification); the Company's road show costs and
expenses, the cost of preparing bound volumes of the documents relating to the
public offering of Common Stock contemplated hereby; and all other expenses
directly incurred by the Company in connection with the performance of its
obligations hereunder.
(ii) In addition to its other obligations under
Section 6(a)(i) hereof, if the Shares are sold pursuant to this Agreement, the
Company will pay to the Representatives a nonaccountable expense allowance equal
to 1 1/2% of the aggregate sales price of the Shares to the public. This
nonaccountable expense allowance with respect to the Firm Shares shall be paid
to you on the Closing Date and the nonaccountable expense allowance with respect
to the Option Shares shall be paid to you on the closing of the sale to you of
such Option Shares. The $50,000 previously paid to the Representatives by the
Company shall be credited against this nonaccountable expense allowance.
(iii) In addition to its other obligations under
Section 8 hereof, the Company agrees that, as an interim measure during the
pendency of any claim, action, investigation, inquiry or other proceeding
described in Section 8(a) hereof, it will reimburse the Underwriters on a
monthly basis for all reasonable legal or other expenses incurred in connection
with investigating or defending any such claim, action, investigation, inquiry
or other proceeding, notwithstanding the absence of a judicial determination as
to the propriety and enforceability of the Company's obligation to reimburse the
Underwriters for such expenses and the possibility that such payments might
later be held to have been improper by a court of competent jurisdiction. To
the extent that any such interim reimbursement payment is so held to have been
improper, the Underwriters shall promptly return such payment to the Company
together with interest, compounded daily, determined on the basis of the prime
rate (or other commercial lending rate for borrowers of the highest credit
standing) listed from time to time in The Wall Street Journal which represents
the base rate on corporate loans posted by a substantial majority of the
nation's five (5) largest banks (the "Prime Rate"). Any such interim
reimbursement payments which are not made to the Underwriters within thirty (30)
days of a request for reimbursement shall bear interest at the Prime Rate from
the date of such request.
(b) In addition to their other obligations under
Section 8(b) hereof, the Underwriters severally and not jointly agree that, as
an interim measure during the pendency of any claim, action, investigation,
inquiry or other proceeding described in Section 8(b) hereof, they will
reimburse the Company on a monthly basis for all reasonable legal or other
expenses incurred in connection with investigating or defending any such claim,
action, investigation, inquiry or other proceeding, notwithstanding the absence
of a judicial determination as to the propriety and enforceability of the
Underwriters' obligation to reimburse the Company for such expenses and the
possibility that such payments might later be held to have been improper by a
court of competent jurisdiction. To the extent that any such interim
reimbursement payment is so held to have been improper, the Company shall
promptly return such payment to the Underwriters together with interest,
compounded daily, determined on the basis of the Prime Rate. Any such interim
reimbursement payments which
-14-
are not made to the Company within thirty (30) days of a request for
reimbursement shall bear interest at the Prime Rate from the date of such
request.
(c) It is agreed that any controversy arising out of the
operation of the interim reimbursement arrangements set forth in
Sections 6(a)(iii) and 6(b) hereof, including the amounts of any requested
reimbursement payments, the method of determining such amounts and the basis on
which such amounts shall be apportioned among the reimbursing parties, shall be
settled by arbitration conducted pursuant to the Code of Arbitration Procedure
of the NASD in Orange County, California (or as close geographically to Orange
County, California as is reasonably practical). Any such arbitration must be
commenced by service of a written demand for arbitration or a written notice of
intention to arbitrate, therein electing the arbitration tribunal. In the event
the party demanding arbitration does not make such designation of an arbitration
tribunal in such demand or notice, then the party responding to said demand or
notice is authorized to do so. Any such arbitration will be limited to the
operation of the interim reimbursement provisions contained in
Sections 6(a)(iii) and 6(b) hereof and will not resolve the ultimate propriety
or enforceability of the obligation to indemnify for expenses which is created
by the provisions of Sections 8(a) and 8(b) hereof or the obligation to
contribute to expenses which is created by the provisions of Section 8(d)
hereof.
7. CONDITIONS OF UNDERWRITERS' OBLIGATIONS. The obligations of the
several Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Shares as provided herein shall
be subject to the accuracy, as of the date hereof and the Closing Date and any
later date on which Option Shares are to be purchased, as the case may be, of
the representations and warranties of the Company and the performance by the
Company of its obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions:
(a) The Registration Statement shall have become effective
not later than 2:00 P.M., California time, on the date of this Agreement, or
such later date as shall be consented to in writing by you; and no stop order
suspending the effectiveness thereof shall have been issued and no proceedings
for that purpose shall have been initiated or, to the knowledge of the Company
or any Underwriter, threatened by the Commission, and any request of the
Commission for additional information (to be included in the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the
satisfaction of Underwriters' Counsel.
(b) All corporate proceedings and other legal matters in
connection with this Agreement, the form of Registration Statement and the
Prospectus, and the registration, authorization, issuance, sale and delivery of
the Shares, shall have been reasonably satisfactory to Underwriters' Counsel,
and such counsel shall have been furnished with such documents and information
as they may reasonably have requested to enable them to pass upon the matters
referred to in this Section.
(c) You shall be satisfied that since the respective dates
as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and Prospectus,
(i) there shall not have been any change in the capital stock of the Company
other than pursuant to the exercise of outstanding options and warrants
disclosed in the Prospectus or any material change in the indebtedness of the
Company, (ii) except as set forth or contemplated by the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus, no material verbal or written agreement or other transaction
shall have been entered into by the Company, which is not in the ordinary course
of business, (iii) no loss or damage (whether or not insured) to the property of
the Company shall have been sustained which materially and adversely affects the
condition (financial or otherwise), business, results of operations or prospects
of the Company, (iv) no legal or governmental action, suit or proceeding
affecting the Company which is material to the Company or which affects or may
affect the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall have been
instituted or threatened, other than any such action, suit or proceeding which
is disclosed in the Prospectus, and (v) there shall not have been any material
change in the condition (financial or otherwise), business,
-15-
management, results of operations or prospects of the Company which makes it
impractical or inadvisable in the judgment of the Representatives to proceed
with public offering or purchase the Common Shares as contemplated hereby.
(d) You shall have received on the Closing Date and on any
later date on which Option Shares are purchased, as the case may be, an opinion
of Rutan & Tucker, LLP, counsel for the Company, dated the Closing Date or such
later date on which Option Shares are purchased, addressed to the Underwriters
(and stating that it may be relied upon by Underwriters' Counsel in rendering
its opinion pursuant to Section 7(d) of this Agreement) and with reproduced
copies or signed counterparts thereof for each of the Underwriters, to the
effect that:
(i) The Company and each of its subsidiaries has been
duly incorporated and is validly existing and in good standing under
the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation;
(ii) The Company and each of its subsidiaries has full
corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties
and to conduct its business as described in the Registration
Statement;
(iii) The Company and each of its subsidiaries is duly
qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is in good
standing in each jurisdiction, if any, in which the ownership or
leasing of its properties or the conduct of its business requires such
qualification, except where the failure to be so qualified or be in
good standing would not have a material adverse effect on the
condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, operations or business
of the Company taken as a whole. To such counsel's knowledge, Company
has no subsidiaries or other than as listed in Exhibit 21 to the
Registration Statement;
(iv) The authorized, issued and outstanding capital
stock of the Company is as set forth in the Prospectus under the
caption "Capitalization"; all outstanding shares of capital stock of
the Company have been duly and validly issued and are fully paid and
nonassessable, and, to such counsel's knowledge, have not been issued
in violation of or subject to any preemptive right, co-sale right,
registration right, right of first refusal or other similar right;
without limiting the foregoing, to such counsel's knowledge, there are
no preemptive or other rights to subscribe for or purchase any of the
Shares;
(v) The certificates evidencing the Shares to be
delivered hereunder are in due and proper form under California law
and when duly countersigned by the Company's transfer agent and
registrar and delivered to you against payment of the agreed
compensation in accordance with this Agreement, the Firm Shares and
the Option Shares, represented thereby will be duly and validly issued
and fully paid and nonassessable, and will not have been issued in
violation of or subject to any preemptive right, co-sale right,
registration right, right of first refusal or other similar right of
shareholders and will conform in all respects to the description
thereof in the Registration Statement;
(vi) the Company has the corporate power and authority
to enter into this Agreement and to issue, sell and deliver to the
Underwriters the Shares to be issued and sold by it hereunder;
-16-
(vii) The Company has the corporate power and authority
to enter into the Representatives' Warrant Agreement and to issue,
sell and deliver to the Representatives the Representatives' Warrants
to be issued and sold by it thereunder;
(viii) Each of this Agreement, the Representatives'
Warrant Agreement and the Representatives' Warrants has been duly
authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the
Company and has been duly executed and delivered by the Company and,
assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by you, is a valid
and binding agreement of the Company, enforceable in accordance with
its terms, except insofar as indemnification provisions may be limited
by applicable law and to which counsel need not express any opinion
and except as enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or similar laws relating to or affecting
creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles;
(ix) The Registration Statement has become effective
under the Act and, to such counsel's knowledge, no stop order
suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been
issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are
pending or threatened under the Act;
(x) The Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and
each amendment or supplement thereto (other than the financial
statements and schedules included in the Registration Statement as to
which such counsel need express no opinion), as of the effective date
of the Registration Statement, complied as to form in all material
respects with the requirements of the Act and the applicable Rules and
Regulations;
(xi) The statements in the Registration Statement and
Prospectus under the captions "Business - Government Regulations,"
"Management," "Certain Transactions," "Description of Capital Stock"
and "Shares Eligible For Future Sale," and in the Registration
Statement in Item 14 insofar as they constitute matters of law or
legal conclusions or are descriptions of contracts, agreements or
other documents are accurate and complete in all material respects and
fairly present the information contained therein;
(xii) The description in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus of the charter and bylaws of the Company and of
statutes are accurate and fairly present the information required to
be presented by the Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations and
the Company is not in violation of its charter or bylaws, or other
organizational documents;
(xiii) To such counsel's knowledge, there are no
agreements, contracts, leases or documents to which the Company is a
party of a character required to be described or referred to in the
Registration Statement or Prospectus or to be filed as an exhibit to
the Registration Statement that are not described or referred to
therein or filed as required;
(xiv) The execution and delivery of this Agreement and
the Representatives' Warrant Agreement and the performance by the
Company of its obligations hereunder and thereunder will not
(a) result in any violation of the Company's charter, bylaws or other
organizational documents, or (b) result in a material breach or
violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a
material default under, any material bond,
-17-
debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness, or under any
material lease, contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan
agreement, joint venture or other agreement or instrument to which the
Company is a party or by which its properties are bound, or any
applicable statute, rule or regulation known to such counsel or, to
such counsel's knowledge, any order, writ or decree of any court,
government or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the
Company or over any of its properties or operations;
(xv) To counsel's best knowledge, no consent, approval,
authorization or order of or qualification with any court, government
or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or
over any of its properties or operations is necessary in connection
with the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated
in this Agreement and the Representatives' Warrant Agreement, except
such as have been obtained under the Act or such as may be required
under state or other securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with
the purchase and the distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters;
(xvi) To such counsel's knowledge, there are no legal or
governmental proceedings pending or threatened against the Company of
a character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement or
the Prospectus by the Act or the Rules and Regulations or by the
Exchange Act or the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder, other than those described therein;
(xvii) The Representatives' Warrants have been duly and
validly authorized by the Company and upon delivery to you in
accordance with the Representatives' Warrant Agreement will be duly
issued and legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company;
(xviii) The Representatives' Warrant Stock to be issued by
the Company pursuant to the terms of the Representatives' Warrant have
been duly authorized and, upon issuance and delivery against payment
therefor in accordance with the terms of the Representatives' Warrant
Agreement, will be duly and validly issued and fully paid and
nonassessable, and to such counsel's knowledge, will not have been
issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive right, co-sale
right, registration right, right of first refusal or other similar
right of shareholders;
(xix) To such counsel's knowledge, no holders of Common
Stock or other securities of the Company have registration rights with
respect to securities of the Company that have not been waived; and
(xx) The offer and sale of all securities of the
Company made within the last three years as set forth in Item 15 of
the Registration Statement were exempt from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act, pursuant to the provisions set
forth in such Item, and from the registration or qualification
requirements of all relevant state securities laws.
(xxi) The Company has satisfied the conditions for use
of Form S-1 as set forth in the General Instructions thereto.
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(xxii) No transfer taxes are required to be paid in
connection with the sale and delivery of the Shares to the
Underwriters.
(xxiii) The Company is not subject to regulation as an
"investment company" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended.
In addition, such counsel shall state that such counsel has
participated in conferences with officials and other representatives of the
Company, the Representatives, Underwriters' Counsel and the independent
certified public accountants of the Company, at which the contents of the
Registration Statement and Prospectus and related matters were discussed, and
although they have not verified the accuracy or completeness of the statements
contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, nothing has come to
the attention of such counsel that leads them to believe that, at the time the
Registration Statement became effective and at all times subsequent thereto up
to and on the Closing Date and on any later date on which Option Shares are
purchased, the Registration Statement and any amendment or supplement thereto,
when such documents became effective or were filed with the Commission (other
than the financial statements and supporting schedules included in the
Registration Statement as to which such counsel need express no comment)
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading, or at the Closing Date or any later date on which the Option
Shares are purchased, as the case may be, the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto contained any untrue
statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to
make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading.
Counsel rendering the foregoing opinion may rely as to questions
of law not involving the laws of the United States upon opinions of local
counsel, and as to questions of fact upon representations or certificates of
officers of the Company, and of government officials, in which case its opinion
is to state that they are so relying and that they have no knowledge of any
material misstatement or inaccuracy in any such opinion, representation or
certificate. Copies of any opinion, representation or certificate so relied
upon shall be delivered to you, as Representatives of the Underwriters, and to
Underwriters' Counsel.
(e) You shall have received on the Closing Date and on any
later date on which Option Shares are purchased, as the case may be, an opinion
of Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, in form and substance satisfactory to you,
with respect to the sufficiency of all such corporate proceedings and other
legal matters relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
hereby as you may reasonably require, and the Company shall have furnished to
such counsel such documents as they may have requested for the purpose of
enabling them to pass upon such matters.
(f) You shall have received on the Closing Date and on any
later date on which Option Shares are to be purchased, as the case may be, a
letter from KPMG LLP, addressed to the Company and the Underwriters, dated the
Closing Date or such later date on which Option Shares are purchased, as the
case may be, confirming that they are independent certified public accountants
with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Act and the applicable
published Rules and Regulations and based upon the procedures described in such
letter delivered to you concurrently with the execution of this Agreement
(herein called the "Original Letter"), but carried out to a date not more than
three (3) business days prior to the Closing Date or such later date on which
Option Shares are to be purchased, as the case may be, (i) confirming, to the
extent true, that the statements and conclusions set forth in the Original
Letter are accurate as of the Closing Date or such later date on which Option
Shares are to be purchased, as the case may be, and (ii) setting forth any
revisions and additions to the statements and conclusions set forth in the
Original Letter which are necessary to reflect any changes in the facts
described in the Original Letter since the date of such
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letter, or to reflect the availability of more recent financial statements, data
or information. The letter shall not disclose any change in the condition
(financial or otherwise), earnings, operations or business of the Company from
that set forth in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, which, in your sole
judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in your sole judgment,
impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering of the Shares
as contemplated by the Prospectus. The Original Letter from KPMG LLP shall be
addressed to or for the use of the Underwriters in form and substance
satisfactory to the Underwriters and shall (i) represent, to the extent true,
that they are independent certified public accountants with respect to the
Company within the meaning of the Act and the applicable published Rules and
Regulations, (ii) set forth its opinion with respect to its examination of the
balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 1997 and December 31, 1996 and
related statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the
years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, and (iii) address other matters agreed
upon by KPMG LLP and you. In addition, you shall have received from KPMG LLP a
letter addressed to the Company and made available to you for the use of the
Underwriters stating that its review of the Company's system of internal
accounting controls, to the extent they deemed necessary in establishing the
scope of its examination of the Company's financial statements as of September
30, 1998, did not disclose any weaknesses in internal controls that they
considered to be material weaknesses.
(g) You shall have received on the Closing Date and on any
later date on which Option Shares are purchased, as the case may be, a
certificate of the Company, dated the Closing Date or such later date on which
Option Shares are to be purchased, as the case may be, signed on behalf of the
Company by its President and Chief Financial Officer, to the effect that, and
you shall be satisfied that:
(i) The representations and warranties of the Company
in this Agreement are true and correct, as if made on and as of the
Closing Date or any later date on which Option Shares are to be
purchased, as the case may be, and the Company has complied, in all
material aspects, with all the agreements and satisfied all the
conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied, in all material
respects, at or prior to the Closing Date or any later date on which
Option Shares are to be purchased, as the case may be;
(ii) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement has been issued and no proceedings for that
purpose have been instituted or, to their knowledge, are pending or
threatened under the Act;
(iii) When the Registration Statement became effective
and at all times subsequent thereto up to the delivery of such
certificate, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and any
amendments or supplements thereto, contained all material information
required to be included therein by the Act and the Rules and
Regulations or the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and
regulations of the Commission thereunder, as the case may be, and in
all material respects conformed to the requirements of the Act and the
Rules and Regulations or the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and
regulations of the Commission thereunder, as the case may be, the
Registration Statement, and any amendment or supplement thereto, did
not and does not include any untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, the
Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, did not and does
not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and,
since the effective date of the Registration Statement, there has
occurred no event required to be set forth in an amended or
supplemented Prospectus that has not been so set forth; and
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(iv) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which
information is given in the Registration Statement and Prospectus,
there has not been (a) any material adverse change in the condition
(financial or otherwise), earnings, operations or business of the
Company, (b) any transaction that is material to the Company, (c) any
obligation, direct or contingent incurred by the Company, that is
material to the Company, (d) any change in the capital stock or
outstanding indebtedness of the Company, (e) any dividend or
distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock
of the Company, or (f) any loss or damage (whether or not insured) to
the property of the Company which has a material adverse effect on the
condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, operations or business
of the Company.
(h) The Company shall have obtained and delivered to you an
agreement from each officer, director and director-nominee of the Company, and
each beneficial owner of five percent or more of the Common Stock immediately
after the offering contemplated hereby, an agreement in writing prior to the
date hereof and in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives that
such person will, (i) for a period of 180 days from the date hereof (the
"Lock-up Period"), directly or indirectly, neither (A) offer, pledge, sell,
contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option
or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of, or
otherwise dispose of or transfer any shares of the Company's Common Stock or any
securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock,
whether now owned or hereafter acquired by such person or with respect to which
such person has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition, nor (B) enter
into any swap or any other arrangement, agreement or any transaction that
transfer to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the
economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any transaction
described in clause (A) or (B) above is settled by delivery of Common Stock or
other securities, in cash or otherwise, or (ii) during the Lock-up Period not
file any registration statement under the Securities Act, or make any demand for
or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any securities of the
Company, in either case without the prior written consent of Cruttenden Roth
Incorporated. Each such person shall also agree during the Lock-up Period and
during the 180-day period immediately following the Lock-up Period (A) not to
make any sales or other dispositions of Common Stock in excess of the number of
shares which such person is permitted to sell pursuant to Rule 144 under the
Securities Act, and (B) in any event, to make all sales or other dispositions of
Common Stock through Cruttenden Roth Incorporated. Each such person will have
also agreed and consented to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the
Company's transfer agent against the transfer of the Securities held by such
person except in compliance with this restriction. Furthermore, the Company
shall have used its best efforts to obtain Lock-up Agreements to the above
effect from all other beneficial owners of the Common Stock.
(i) The Company shall have furnished to you such further
certificates and documents as you shall reasonably request, including
certificates of officers of the Company as to the
-21-
accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company, as to the
performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and as to the other
conditions concurrent and precedent to the obligations of the Underwriters
hereunder.
(j) The Representatives' Warrant Agreement shall have been
entered into by the Company and you, and the Representatives' Warrants shall
have been issued and sold to you pursuant thereto.
(k) The Shares at the Closing Date shall have been duly
listed for trading on the Nasdaq National Market.
All such opinions, certificates, letters and documents will be in
compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are reasonably satisfactory
to Underwriters' Counsel. The Company will furnish you with such number of
conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and documents as you
shall reasonably request.
8. INDEMNIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION.
(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each
Underwriter against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or
several, to which such Underwriter may become subject (including, without
limitation, in its capacity as an Underwriter or as a "qualified independent
underwriter" within the meaning of Schedule E of the Bylaws of the NASD), under
the Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, specifically including, but not limited
to, losses, claims, damages or liabilities, insofar as such losses, claims,
damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based
upon (i) any breach of any representation, warranty, agreement or covenant of
the Company herein contained, or any failure of the Company to perform its
obligations hereunder or under law, and (ii) any untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement of any material fact contained in the Registration Statement,
any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement
thereto, or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and
agrees to reimburse each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by it in connection with investigating or defending any such loss,
claim, damage, liability or action; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Company shall
not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage,
liability or action arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or
alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the
Registration Statement, such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, or any
such amendment or supplement thereto, in reliance upon, and in conformity with,
written information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company as
described in Section 3 hereof, and, PROVIDED FURTHER, that the indemnity
agreement provided in this Section 8(a) with respect to any Preliminary
Prospectus shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter from whom the
person asserting any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or actions based upon
any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of material fact or omission or
alleged omission to state therein a material fact purchased Shares, if a copy of
the Prospectus in which such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or
omission or alleged omission was corrected had not been sent or given to such
person within the time required by the Act and the Rules and Regulations, unless
such failure is the result of noncompliance by the Company with Section 5(d)
hereof.
The indemnity agreement in this Section 8(a) shall extend upon
the same terms and conditions to, and shall inure to the benefit of, each
person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Act or
the Exchange Act. This indemnity agreement shall be in addition to any
liabilities which the Company may otherwise have.
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(b) Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees to
indemnify and hold harmless the Company against any losses, claims, damages or
liabilities, joint or several, to which the Company may become subject under the
Act or otherwise, specifically including, but not limited to, losses, claims,
damages or liabilities, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities
(or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in the
Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or any
amendment or supplement thereto, or the omission or alleged omission to state
therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading, to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made
in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
Company as described in Section 3 hereof, and agrees to reimburse the Company
for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in connection
with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or
action.
The indemnity agreement in this Section 8(b) shall extend upon the
same terms and conditions to, and shall inure to the benefit of, each officer of
the Company who signed the Registration Statement and each director of the
Company and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of
the Act or the Exchange Act. This indemnity agreement shall be in addition to
any liabilities which each Underwriter may otherwise have.
(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under
this Section 8 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified
party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against any
indemnifying party under this Section 8, notify the indemnifying party in
writing of the commencement thereof but the omission so to notify the
indemnifying party will not relieve it from any liability which it may have to
any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 8. In case any such
action is brought against any indemnified party, and it notified the
indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be
entitled to participate therein and, to the extent that it shall elect by
written notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly after receiving the
aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof,
with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party; PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that if the defendants in any such action include both the indemnified
party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably
concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other
indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to
the indemnifying party which pose a conflict of interest for such counsel, the
indemnified party or parties shall have the right to select separate counsel to
assume such legal defenses and to otherwise participate in the defense of such
action on behalf of such indemnified party or parties. Upon receipt of notice
from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of the indemnifying
party's election so to assume the defense of such action and approval by the
indemnified party of counsel, the indemnifying party will not be liable to such
indemnified party under this Section 8 for any legal or other expenses
subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense
thereof unless (i) the indemnified party shall have employed separate counsel in
accordance with the proviso to the next preceding sentence (it being understood,
however, that the indemnifying party shall not be liable for the expenses of
more than one separate counsel (together with appropriate local counsel)
approved by the indemnifying party representing all the indemnified parties
under Section 8(a) or 8(b) hereof who are parties to such action), (ii) the
indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel satisfactory to the
indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time
after notice of commencement of the action or (iii) the indemnifying party has
authorized the employment of counsel for the indemnified party at the expense of
the indemnifying party. In no event shall any indemnifying party be liable in
respect of any amounts paid in settlement of any action unless the indemnifying
party shall have approved the terms of such settlement; PROVIDED that such
consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. No indemnifying party shall,
without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any
settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any
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indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnification could have
been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement includes
an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims
that are the subject matter of such indemnification.
(d) In order to provide for just and equitable contribution
in any action in which a claim for indemnification is made pursuant to this
Section 8 but it is judicially determined (by the entry of a final judgment or
decree by a court of competent jurisdiction and the expiration of time to appeal
or the denial of the last right of appeal) that such indemnification may not be
enforced in such case notwithstanding the fact that this Section 8 provides for
indemnification in such case, all the parties hereto shall contribute to the
aggregate losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which they may be subject
(after contribution from others) in such proportion so that the Underwriters
severally and not jointly are responsible pro rata for the portion represented
by the percentage that the underwriting discount bears to the initial public
offering price, and the Company is responsible for the remaining portion,
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that (i) no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any
amount in excess of the underwriting discount applicable to the Shares purchased
by such Underwriter and (ii) no person guilty of a fraudulent misrepresentation
(within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to
contribution from any person who is not guilty of such fraudulent
misrepresentation. The contribution agreement in this Section 8(d) shall extend
upon the same terms and conditions to, and shall inure to the benefit of, each
person, if any, who controls the Underwriters or the Company within the meaning
of the Act or the Exchange Act and each officer of the Company who signed the
Registration Statement and each director of the Company.
(e) The parties to this Agreement hereby acknowledge that
they are sophisticated business persons who were represented by counsel during
the negotiations regarding the provisions hereof including, without limitation,
the provisions of this Section 8, and are fully informed regarding said
provisions. They further acknowledge that the provisions of this Section 8
fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties to investigate
the Company and its business in order to assure that adequate disclosure is made
in the Registration Statement and Prospectus as required by the Act and the
Exchange Act. The parties are advised that federal or state public policy, as
interpreted by the courts in certain jurisdictions, may be contrary to certain
of the provisions of this Section 8, and the parties hereto hereby expressly
waive and relinquish any right or ability to assert such public policy as a
defense to a claim under this Section 8 and further agree not to attempt to
assert any such defense.
8A. INDEMNIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION.
(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless
Josephthal & Co. Inc., in its capacity as qualified independent underwriter
("QIU"), against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several,
to which the QIU may become subject, under the Act, the Exchange Act or
otherwise, specifically including, but not limited to, losses, claims, damages
or liabilities, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or
actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (i) any breach of any
representation, warranty, agreement or covenant of the Company herein contained,
or any failure of the Company to perform its obligations hereunder or under law,
(ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact
contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the
Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, or the omission or alleged
omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading, or (iii) any claim, action, suit or
proceeding relating to or arising out of the initial offering and sale of the
Shares by the Underwriters as contemplated by the Prospectus and agrees to
reimburse the QIU for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by it in
connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage,
liability or action as such expenses are incurred. The indemnity agreement in
this Section 8A(a)
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shall extend upon the same terms and conditions to, and shall inure to the
benefit of, each person, if any, who controls the QIU within the meaning of the
Act or the Exchange Act. This indemnity agreement shall be in addition to any
liabilities which the Company may otherwise have.
(b) Promptly after receipt by the QIU under this Section 8A
of notice of the commencement of any action, the QIU shall, if a claim in
respect thereof is to be made against the Company under this Section 8A, notify
the Company in writing of the commencement thereof but the omission so to notify
the Company will not relieve the Company from any liability which it may have to
the QIU otherwise than under this Section 8A. In case any such action is
brought against the QIU, and the QIU notified the Company of the commencement
thereof, the Company will be entitled to participate therein and, to the extent
that the Company shall elect by written notice delivered to the QIU promptly
after receiving the aforesaid notice from the Company, to assume the defense
thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the QIU (who shall not in the
case of clause (ii) of Section 8A(a), except with the consent of the QIU, be
counsel to the Company). Upon receipt of notice from the Company to the QIU of
the Company's election so to assume the defense of such action and approval by
the QIU of counsel, the Company will not be liable to the QIU under this Section
8A for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by the QIU in
connection with the defense thereof, other than reasonable costs of
investigation. The Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the
QIU, effect any settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of any
judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of
which the QIU is or could have been a party and indemnification could have been
sought hereunder by the QIU, unless such settlement, compromise or judgment (i)
includes an unconditional release of the QIU from all liability arising out of
such action or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission
of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of the QIU.
(c) In order to provide for just and equitable
contribution in any action in which a claim for indemnification is made
pursuant to this Section 8A but it is judicially determined (by the entry of
a final judgment or decree by a court of competent jurisdiction and the
expiration of time to appeal or the denial of the last right of appeal) that
such indemnification may not be enforced in such case notwithstanding the
fact that this Section 8A provides for indemnification in such case, or if
such indemnification is otherwise unavailable to or insufficient to hold
harmless Josephthal, in its capacity as QIU, under subsection (a) above in
respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or action in respect
thereof) referred to therein, then the Company shall contribute to the
aggregate amount of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which the
QIU may be subject (after contribution from others) in such proportion as is
appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the
one hand and the QIU on the other from the offering of the Shares, it being
understood and agreed that, as between the Company on one hand and the QIU on
the other, the Company is the sole beneficiary of the initial offering and
sale of the Shares contemplated by the Prospectus. If, however, the
allocation provided by the immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by
applicable law or if the QIU failed to give the notice required under
subsection (b) above, then the Company shall contribute to such amount paid
or payable by the QIU in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not
only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company on the
one hand and the QIU on the other in connection with the statements or
omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or
actions in respect thereof), as well as any other relevant equitable
considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one
hand and the QIU on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as
the total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received
by the Company, as set forth in the table on the cover page of the
Prospectus, bear to the fees received by the QIU in connection with this
offering in its capacity as QIU. The relative fault shall be determined by
reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a
material fact relates to information supplied by the Company on the one hand
or the QIU on the
-25-
other and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and
opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company
and the QIU agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution
pursuant to this subsection (c) were determined by PRO RATA allocation or any
other method of allocation that does not take account of equitable
considerations referred to above in this subsection (c). The amount paid or
payable by the QIU as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities
(or actions in respect thereof) referred to above in this subsection (c)
shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by
the QIU in connection with investigating, or defending any such action or
claim. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning
of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any
person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The
contribution agreement in this Section 8A(c) shall extend upon the same terms
and conditions to, and shall inure to the benefit of, each person, if any,
who controls the QIU within the meaning of the Act or the Exchange Act.
9. REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, COVENANTS AND AGREEMENTS TO SURVIVE
DELIVERY. All representations, warranties, covenants and agreements of the
Company and the Underwriters herein or in certificates delivered pursuant
hereto, and the indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Sections 6, 8
and 8A hereof shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of
any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling
person within the meaning of the Act or the Exchange Act, or by or on behalf of
the Company or any of its officers, directors or controlling persons within the
meaning of the Act or the Exchange Act, and shall survive the delivery of the
Shares to the several Underwriters hereunder or termination of this Agreement.
10. SUBSTITUTION OF UNDERWRITERS. If any Underwriter or Underwriters
shall fail to take up and pay for the number of Firm Shares agreed by such
Underwriter or Underwriters to be purchased hereunder upon tender of such Firm
Shares in accordance with the terms hereof, and if the aggregate number of Firm
Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters so agreed but failed to
purchase does not exceed 10% of the Firm Shares, the remaining Underwriters
shall be obligated, severally in proportion to their respective commitments
hereunder, to take up and pay for the Firm Shares of such defaulting Underwriter
or Underwriters.
If any Underwriter or Underwriters so defaults and the aggregate
number of Firm Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed
but failed to take up and pay for exceeds 10% of the Firm Shares, the remaining
Underwriters shall have the right, but shall not be obligated, to take up and
pay for (in such proportions as may be agreed upon among them) the Firm Shares
which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters so agreed but failed to
purchase. If such remaining Underwriters do not, at the Closing Date, take up
and pay for the Firm Shares which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters so
agreed but failed to purchase, the Closing Date shall be postponed for
twenty-four (24) hours to allow the several Underwriters the privilege of
substituting within twenty-four (24) hours (including non-business hours)
another underwriter or underwriters (which may include any nondefaulting
Underwriter) satisfactory to the Company. If no such underwriter or
underwriters shall have been substituted as aforesaid by such postponed Closing
Date, the Closing Date may, at the option of the Company, be postponed for a
further twenty-four (24) hours, if necessary, to allow the Company the privilege
of finding another underwriter or underwriters, satisfactory to you, to purchase
the Firm Shares which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters so agreed but
failed to purchase. If it shall be arranged for the remaining Underwriters or
substituted underwriter or underwriters to take up the Firm Shares of the
defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters as provided in this Section 10, (i) the
Company shall have the right to postpone the time of delivery for a period of
not more than seven (7) full business days, in order to effect whatever changes
may thereby be made necessary in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus,
or in any other documents or arrangements, and the Company agrees promptly to
file any amendments to the Registration Statement or supplements to the
Prospectus which may thereby be made necessary, and (ii) the respective number
of Firm Shares to be purchased by the remaining Underwriters and substituted
underwriter or underwriters shall
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be taken as the basis of their underwriting obligation. If the remaining
Underwriters shall not take up and pay for all such Firm Shares so agreed to be
purchased by the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters or substitute another
underwriter or underwriters as aforesaid and the Company shall not find or shall
not elect to seek another underwriter or underwriters for such Firm Shares as
aforesaid, then this Agreement shall terminate.
In the event of any termination of this Agreement pursuant to the
preceding paragraph of this Section 10, the Company shall not be liable to any
Underwriter (except as provided in Sections 6, 8 and 8A hereof) nor shall any
Underwriter (other than an Underwriter who shall have failed, otherwise than for
some reason permitted under this Agreement, to purchase the number of Firm
Shares agreed by such Underwriter to be purchased hereunder, which Underwriter
shall remain liable to the Company and the other Underwriters for damages, if
any, resulting from such default) be liable to the Company (except to the extent
provided in Sections 6, 8 and 8A hereof).
The term "Underwriter" in this Agreement shall include any person
substituted for an Underwriter under this Section 10.
11. EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS AGREEMENT AND TERMINATION.
(a) This Agreement shall become effective at the earlier of
(i) 6:30 A.M., California time, on the second full business day following the
effective date of the Registration Statement, or (ii) the time of the initial
public offering of any of the Shares by the Underwriters after the Registration
Statement becomes effective. The time of the initial public offering shall mean
the time of the release by you, for publication, of the first newspaper
advertisement relating to the Shares, or the time at which the Shares are first
generally offered by the Underwriters to the public by letter, telephone,
telegram or telecopy, whichever shall first occur. By giving notice as set
forth in Section 12 before the time this Agreement becomes effective, you, as
Representatives of the several Underwriters, or the Company, may prevent this
Agreement from becoming effective without liability of any party to any other
party, except as provided in Sections 6 and 8 hereof.
(b) You, as Representatives of the several Underwriters,
shall have the right to terminate this Agreement by giving notice as hereinafter
specified at any time at or prior to the Closing Date or on or prior to any
later date on which Option Shares are purchased, as the case may be, (i) if the
Company shall have failed, refused or been unable to perform any agreement on
its part to be performed, or (ii) because any other condition of the
Underwriters' obligations hereunder required to be fulfilled is not fulfilled,
or (iii) if additional material governmental restrictions, not in force and
effect on the date hereof, shall have been imposed upon trading in securities
generally or minimum or maximum prices shall have been generally established on
the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq National
Market, or trading in securities generally shall have been suspended on either
such exchange or the Nasdaq National Market, or if a banking moratorium shall
have been declared by federal, New York or California authorities, or (iv) if
the Company shall have sustained a loss by strike, fire, flood, earthquake,
accident or other calamity of such character as to interfere materially with the
conduct of the business and operations of the Company regardless of whether or
not such loss shall have been insured, or (v) if there shall have been a
material adverse change in the general political or economic conditions or
financial markets as in your reasonable judgment makes it inadvisable or
impracticable to proceed with the offering, sale and delivery of the Shares, or
(vi) if there shall have been an outbreak or escalation of hostilities or of any
other insurrection or armed conflict or the declaration by the United States of
a national emergency which, in the reasonable opinion of the Representatives,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering of
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the Shares as contemplated by the Prospectus. Any termination pursuant to any
of subparagraphs (ii) through (vi) above shall be without liability of any party
to any other party except as provided in Sections 7 and 9 hereof. In the event
of termination pursuant to subparagraph (i) above, the Company shall also remain
obligated to pay costs and expenses pursuant to Sections 7 and 9 hereof.
If you elect to prevent this Agreement from becoming effective or to
terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section 11, you shall promptly
notify the Company by telephone, telecopy or telegram, in each case confirmed by
letter. If the Company shall elect to prevent this Agreement from becoming
effective, the Company shall promptly notify you by telephone, telecopy or
telegram, in each case, confirmed by letter.
12. NOTICES. All notices or communications hereunder, except as
herein otherwise specifically provided, shall be in writing and if sent to you
shall be mailed, delivered, telegraphed (and confirmed by letter) or telecopied
(and confirmed by letter) to you c/o Cruttenden Roth Incorporated, 18301 Von
Karman, Suite 100, Irvine, California 92715, telecopier number (949) 852-9603,
Attention: Shelly Singhal; if sent to the Company, such notice shall be mailed,
delivered, telegraphed (and confirmed by letter) or telecopied (and confirmed by
letter) to 17911 Von Karman, Suite 200, Irvine, California 92614, telecopier
number (949) 622-4700, Attention: Michael C. Lowther.
13. PARTIES. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be
binding upon the several Underwriters and the Company and their respective
executors, administrators, successors and assigns. Nothing expressed or
mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person
or corporation, other than the parties hereto and their respective executors,
administrators, successors and assigns, and their controlling persons within the
meaning of the Act or the Exchange Act, and the officers and directors referred
to in Section 8 hereof, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim in respect
of this Agreement or any provisions herein contained, this Agreement and all
conditions and provisions hereof being intended to be and being for the sole and
exclusive benefit of the parties hereto and their respective executors,
administrators, successors and assigns and said controlling persons and said
officers and directors, and for the benefit of no other person or corporation.
No purchaser of any of the Shares from any Underwriter shall be construed a
successor or assign by reason merely of such purchase. The Agreement
constitutes the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect
to the subject matter hereof.
In all dealings with the Company under this Agreement, you shall act
on behalf of each of the several Underwriters, and the Company shall be entitled
to act and rely upon any statement, request, notice or agreement made or given
by you on behalf of each of the several Underwriters.
14. APPLICABLE LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by, and
construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of California.
15. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be signed in several
counterparts, each of which will constitute an original.
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If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding among the
Company and the several Underwriters, please so indicate in the space provided
below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding
agreement among the Company and the several Underwriters.
Very truly yours,
AMERICAN NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC.
By:
-----------------------------------------
Name:
------------------------------------
Title:
-----------------------------------
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Accepted as of the date first above written:
CRUTTENDEN ROTH INCORPORATED
JOSEPHTHAL & CO. INC.
On behalf of each of the several Underwriters
named in Schedule A hereto.
By: CRUTTENDEN ROTH INCORPORATED
By:
-----------------------------
Name:
------------------------
Title:
-----------------------
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SCHEDULE A
Number of
Firm
Shares
To Be
Purchased
Underwriters
---------
Cruttenden Roth Incorporated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Josephthal & Co. Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500,000
---------
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