Exhibit 3.11
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NOVADIGM ACQUISITION, INC.
BY-LAWS
As Adopted on July 6, 1993
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NOVADIGM ACQUISITION, INC.
BY-LAWS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
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ARTICLE I STOCKHOLDERS......................................................1
Section 1.01. Annual Meetings..........................................1
Section 1.02. Special Meetings.........................................1
Section 1.03. Notice of Meetings; Waiver...............................1
Section 1.04. Quorum...................................................2
Section 1.05. Voting...................................................2
Section 1.06. Voting by Ballot.........................................2
Section 1.07. Adjournment..............................................2
Section 1.08. Proxies..................................................2
Section 1.09. Organization; Procedure..................................3
Section 1.10. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting...............3
ARTICLE II BOARD OF DIRECTORS...............................................4
Section 2.01. General Powers...........................................4
Section 2.02. Number and Term of Office................................4
Section 2.03. Election of Directors....................................4
Section 2.04. Annual and Regular Meetings..............................4
Section 2.05. Special Meetings; Notice.................................4
Section 2.06. Quorum; Voting...........................................5
Section 2.07. Adjournment..............................................5
Section 2.08. Action Without a Meeting.................................5
Section 2.09. Regulations; Manner of Acting............................5
Section 2.10. Action by Telephonic Communications......................5
Section 2.11. Resignations.............................................5
Section 2.12. Removal of Directors.....................................5
Section 2.13. Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships................6
Section 2.14. Compensation.............................................6
Section 2.15. Reliance on Accounts and Reports, etc....................6
ARTICLE III EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND OTHER COMMITTEES........................6
Section 3.01. How Constituted..........................................6
Section 3.02. Powers...................................................6
Section 3.03. Proceedings..............................................7
Section 3.04. Quorum and Manner of Acting..............................7
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SECTION PAGE
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Section 3.05. Action by Telephonic Communications......................8
Section 3.06. Absent or Disqualified Members...........................8
Section 3.07. Resignations.............................................8
Section 3.08. Removal..................................................8
Section 3.09. Vacancies................................................8
ARTICLE IV OFFICERS.........................................................8
Section 4.01. Number...................................................8
Section 4.02. Election.................................................8
Section 4.03. Salaries.................................................9
Section 4.04. Removal and Resignation; Vacancies.......................9
Section 4.05. Authority and Duties of Officers.........................9
Section 4.06. The President............................................9
Section 4.07. The Vice President.......................................9
Section 4.08. The Secretary............................................9
Section 4.09. The Treasurer...........................................10
Section 4.10. Additional Officers.....................................11
Section 4.11. Security................................................11
ARTICLE V CAPITAL STOCK....................................................11
Section 5.01. Certificates of Stock, Uncertificated Shares............11
Section 5.02. Signatures; Facsimile...................................12
Section 5.03. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates..................12
Section 5.04. Transfer of Stock.......................................12
Section 5.05. Record Date.............................................12
Section 5.06. Registered Stockholders.................................13
Section 5.07. Transfer Agent and Registrar............................13
ARTICLE VI INDEMNIFICATION.................................................14
Section 6.01. Nature of Indemnity.....................................14
Section 6.02. Successful Defense......................................14
Section 6.03. Determination That Indemnification Is Proper............14
Section 6.04. Advance Payment of Expenses.............................15
Section 6.05. Procedure for Indemnification of Directors
and Officers............................................15
Section 6.06. Survival; Preservation of Other Rights..................16
Section 6.07. Insurance...............................................16
Section 6.08. Severability............................................16
ARTICLE VII OFFICES........................................................16
Section 7.01. Registered Office.......................................16
Section 7.02. Other Offices...........................................17
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SECTION PAGE
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ARTICLE VIII GENERAL PROVISIONS............................................17
Section 8.01. Dividends...............................................17
Section 8.02. Reserves................................................17
Section 8.03. Execution of Instruments................................17
Section 8.04. Corporate Indebtedness..................................17
Section 8.05. Deposits................................................18
Section 8.06. Checks..................................................18
Section 8.07. Sale, Transfer, etc. of Securities......................18
Section 8.08. Voting as Stockholder...................................18
Section 8.09. Fiscal Year.............................................18
Section 8.10. Seal....................................................18
Section 8.11. Books and Records; Inspection...........................18
ARTICLE IX AMENDMENT OF BY-LAWS............................................19
Section 9.01. Amendment...............................................19
ARTICLE X CONSTRUCTION.....................................................19
Section 10.01. Construction...........................................19
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NOVADIGM ACQUISITION, INC.
BY-LAWS
As adopted on July 6, 1993
ARTICLE I
STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1.01. Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the
stockholders of the Corporation for the election of directors and for the
transaction of such other business as properly may come before such meeting
shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and
at such date and hour, as may be fixed from time to time by resolution of the
Board of Directors and set forth in the notice or waiver of notice of the
meeting. [Sections 211(a), (b).]
Section 1.02. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders
may be called at any time by the President (or, in the event of his absence or
disability, by any Vice President), or by the Board of Directors. A special
meeting shall be called by the President (or, in the event of his absence or
disability, by any Vice President), or by the Secretary, immediately upon
receipt of a written request therefor by stockholders holding in the aggregate
not less than a majority of the outstanding shares of the Corporation at the
time entitled to vote at any meeting of the stockholders. If such officers or
the Board of Directors shall fail to call such meeting within 20 days after
receipt of such request, any stockholder executing such request may call such
meeting. Such special meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such places,
within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be specified in the respective
notices or waivers of notice thereof. [Section 211(d).]
Section 1.03. Notice of Meetings; Waiver. The Secretary or any
Assistant Secretary shall cause written notice of the place, date and hour of
each meeting of the stockholders, and, in the case of a special meeting, the
purpose or purposes for which such meeting is called, to be given personally or
by mail, not less than ten nor more than sixty days prior to the meeting, to
each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. If such notice is
mailed, it shall be deemed to have been given to a stockholder when deposited in
the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his
address as it appears on the record of stockholders of the Corporation, or, if
he shall have filed with the Secretary of the Corporation a written request that
notices to him be mailed to some other address, then directed to him at such
other address. Such further notice shall be given as may be required by law.
No notice of any meeting of stockholders need be given to any
stockholder who submits a signed waiver of notice, whether before or after the
meeting. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any
regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in a written
waiver of notice. The attendance of any stockholder at a meeting of stockholders
shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the stockholder
attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the
meeting, to the
transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully
called or convened. [Sections 222, 229.]
Section 1.04. Quorum. Except as otherwise required by law or by the
Certificate of Incorporation, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders
of record of a majority of the shares entitled to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such
meeting. [Section 216.]
Section 1.05. Voting. If, pursuant to Section 5.05 of these By-Laws,
a record date has been fixed, every holder of record of shares entitled to vote
at a meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to one vote for each share
outstanding in his name on the books of the Corporation at the close of business
on such record date. If no record date has been fixed, then every holder of
record of shares entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be entitled
to one vote for each share of stock standing in his name on the books of the
Corporation at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which
notice of the meeting is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of
business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. Except
as otherwise required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the vote of
a majority of the shares represented in person or by proxy at any meeting at
which a quorum is present shall be sufficient for the transaction of any
business at such meeting. [Sections 212(a), 216.]
Section 1.06. Voting by Ballot. No vote of the stockholders need be
taken by written ballot unless otherwise required by law. Any vote which need
not be taken by ballot may be conducted in any manner approved by the meeting.
Section 1.07. Adjournment. If a quorum is not present at any meeting
of the stockholders, the stockholders present in person or by proxy shall have
the power to adjourn any such meeting from time to time until a quorum is
present. Notice of any adjourned meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation
need not be given if the place, date and hour thereof are announced at the
meeting at which the adjournment is taken, provided, however, that if the
adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new
record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed pursuant to Section 5.05 of these
By-Laws, a notice of the adjourned meeting, conforming to the requirements of
Section 1.03 hereof, shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to
vote at such meeting. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any
business may be transacted that might have been transacted on the original date
of the meeting. [Section 222(c).]
Section 1.08. Proxies. Any stockholder entitled to vote at any
meeting of the stockholders or to express consent to or dissent from corporate
action without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to vote at any
such meeting and express such consent or dissent for him by proxy. A stockholder
may authorize a valid proxy by executing a written instrument signed by such
stockholder, or by causing his or her signature to be affixed to such writing by
any reasonable means including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature, or
by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telegram, cablegram or
other means of electronic transmission to the person designated as the holder of
the proxy, a proxy solicitation
2
firm or a like authorized agent. No such proxy shall be voted or acted upon
after the expiration of three years from the date of such proxy, unless such
proxy provides for a longer period. Every proxy shall be revocable at the
pleasure of the stockholder executing it, except in those cases where applicable
law provides that a proxy shall be irrevocable. A stockholder may revoke any
proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or
by filing an instrument in writing revoking the proxy or by filing another duly
executed proxy bearing a later date with the Secretary. Proxies by telegram,
cablegram or other electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted
with information from which it can be determined that the telegram, cablegram or
other electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. Any copy,
facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of a writing or
transmission created pursuant to this section may be substituted or used in lieu
of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the
original writing or transmission could be used, provided that such copy,
facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete
reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission. [Sections 212(b),
(c).]
Section 1.09. Organization; Procedure. At every meeting of
stockholders the presiding officer shall be the President or, in the event of
his absence or disability, a presiding officer chosen by a majority of the
stockholders present in person or by proxy. The Secretary, or in the event of
his absence or disability, the Assistant Secretary, if any, or if there be no
Assistant Secretary, in the absence of the Secretary, an appointee of the
presiding officer, shall act as Secretary of the meeting. The order of business
and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of stockholders may be
determined by such presiding officer.
Section 1.10. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting. To the
fullest extent permitted by law, whenever the vote of stockholders at a meeting
thereof is required or permitted to be taken for or in connection with any
corporate action, such action may be taken without a meeting, without prior
notice and without a vote of stockholders, if a consent or consents in writing,
setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding
stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary
to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to
vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation by
delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place
of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the
book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery
made to the Corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or
registered mail, return receipt requested.
Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each
stockholder or member who signs the consent and no written consent shall be
effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty
days of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner required by law to
the Corporation, written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders or
members to take action are delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its
registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or
an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which
proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the
Corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered
mail, return receipt requested. [Section 228.]
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ARTICLE II
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 2.01. General Powers. Except as may otherwise be provided by
law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, the property,
affairs and business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the
direction of the Board of Directors and the Board of Directors may exercise all
the powers of the Corporation. [Section 141(a).]
Section 2.02. Number and Term of Office. The number of Directors
constituting the entire Board of Directors shall be one, which number may be
modified from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors, but in no
event shall the number of Directors be less than one. Each Director (whenever
elected) shall hold office until his successor has been duly elected and
qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. [Section 141(b).]
Section 2.03. Election of Directors. Except as otherwise provided in
Sections 2.12 and 2.13 of these By-Laws, the Directors shall be elected at each
annual meeting of the stockholders. If the annual meeting for the election of
Directors is not held on the date designated therefor, the Directors shall cause
the meeting to be held as soon thereafter as convenient. At each meeting of the
stockholders for the election of Directors, provided a quorum is present, the
Directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes validly cast in such
election. [Sections 211(b), (c), 216.]
Section 2.04. Annual and Regular Meetings. The annual meeting of the
Board of Directors for the purpose of electing officers and for the transaction
of such other business as may come before the meeting shall be held as soon as
possible following adjournment of the annual meeting of the stockholders at the
place of such annual meeting of the stockholders. Notice of such annual meeting
of the Board of Directors need not be given. The Board of Directors from time to
time may by resolution provide for the holding of regular meetings and fix the
place (which may be within or without the State of Delaware) and the date and
hour of such meetings. Notice of regular meetings need not be given, provided,
however, that if the Board of Directors shall fix or change the time or place of
any regular meeting, notice of such action shall be mailed promptly, or sent by
telegram, radio or cable, to each Director who shall not have been present at
the meeting at which such action was taken, addressed to him at his usual place
of business, or shall be delivered to him personally. Notice of such action need
not be given to any Director who attends the first regular meeting after such
action is taken without protesting the lack of notice to him, prior to or at the
commencement of such meeting, or to any Director who submits a signed waiver of
notice, whether before or after such meeting. [Section 141(g).]
Section 2.05. Special Meetings; Notice. Special meetings of the
Board of Directors shall be held whenever called by the President or, in the
event of his absence or disability, by any Vice President, at such place (within
or without the State of Delaware), date and hour as may be specified in the
respective notices or waivers of notice of such meetings. Special meetings of
the Board of Directors may be called on 24 hours' notice, if notice is given
4
to each Director personally or by telephone or telegram, or on five days'
notice, if notice is mailed to each Director, addressed to him at his usual
place of business. Notice of any special meeting need not be given to any
Director who attends such meeting without protesting the lack of notice to him,
prior to or at the commencement of such meeting, or to any Director who submits
a signed waiver of notice, whether before or after such meeting, and any
business may be transacted thereat. [Sections 141(g), 229.]
Section 2.06. Quorum; Voting. At all meetings of the Board of
Directors, the presence of a majority of the total authorized number of
Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Except as
otherwise required by law, the vote of a majority of the Directors present at
any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of
Directors. [Section 141(b).]
Section 2.07. Adjournment. A majority of the Directors present,
whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any meeting of the Board of
Directors to another time or place. No notice need be given of any adjourned
meeting unless the time and place of the adjourned meeting are not announced at
the time of adjournment, in which case notice conforming to the requirements of
Section 2.05 shall be given to each Director.
Section 2.08. Action Without a Meeting. Any action required or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken
without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors consent thereto in
writing, and such writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings
of the Board of Directors. [Section 141(f).]
Section 2.09. Regulations; Manner of Acting. To the extent
consistent with applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation and these
By-Laws, the Board of Directors may adopt such rules and regulations for the
conduct of meetings of the Board of Directors and for the management of the
property, affairs and business of the Corporation as the Board of Directors may
deem appropriate. The Directors shall act only as a Board, and the individual
Directors shall have no power as such.
Section 2.10. Action by Telephonic Communications. Members of the
Board of Directors may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors by
means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of
which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and
participation in a meeting pursuant to this provision shall constitute presence
in person at such meeting. [Section 141(i).]
Section 2.11. Resignations. Any Director may resign at any time by
delivering a written notice of resignation, signed by such Director, to the
President or the Secretary. Unless otherwise specified therein, such resignation
shall take effect upon delivery. [Section 141(b).]
Section 2.12. Removal of Directors. Any Director may be removed at
any time, either for or without cause, upon the affirmative vote of the holders
of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to
vote for the election of such Director, cast at a special meeting of
stockholders called for the purpose. Any vacancy in the Board of Directors
caused by any such removal may be filled at such meeting by the stockholders
entitled
5
to vote for the election of the Director so removed. If such stockholders do not
fill such vacancy at such meeting (or in the written instrument effecting such
removal, if such removal was effected by consent without a meeting), such
vacancy may be filled in the manner provided in Section 2.13 of these By-Laws.
[Section 141(b).]
Section 2.13. Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships. If any
vacancies shall occur in the Board of Directors, by reason of death,
resignation, removal or otherwise, or if the authorized number of Directors
shall be increased, the Directors then in office shall continue to act, and such
vacancies and newly created directorships may be filled by a majority of the
Directors then in office, although less than a quorum. A Director elected to
fill a vacancy or a newly created directorship shall hold office until his
successor has been elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation
or removal. Any such vacancy or newly created directorship may also be filled at
any time by vote of the stockholders. [Section 223.]
Section 2.14. Compensation. The amount, if any, which each Director
shall be entitled to receive as compensation for his services as such shall be
fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. [Section
141(h).]
Section 2.15. Reliance on Accounts and Reports, etc. A Director, or
a member of any Committee designated by the Board of Directors shall, in the
performance of his duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the
records of the Corporation and upon information, opinions, reports or statements
presented to the Corporation by any of the Corporation's officers or employees,
or Committees designated by the Board of Directors, or by any other person as to
the matters the member reasonably believes are within such other person's
professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care
by or on behalf of the Corporation. [Section 141(e).]
ARTICLE III
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND OTHER COMMITTEES
Section 3.01. How Constituted. The Board of Directors may, by
resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more
Committees, including an Executive Committee, each such Committee to consist of
such number of Directors as from time to time may be fixed by the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Directors as
alternate members of any such Committee, who may replace any absent or
disqualified member or members at any meeting of such Committee. Thereafter,
members (and alternate members, if any) of each such Committee may be designated
at the annual meeting of the Board of Directors. Any such Committee may be
abolished or redesignated from time to time by the Board of Directors. Each
member (and each alternate member) of any such Committee (whether designated at
an annual meeting of the Board of Directors or to fill a vacancy or otherwise)
shall hold office until his successor shall have been designated or until he
shall cease to be a Director, or until his earlier death, resignation or
removal. [Section 141(c).]
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Section 3.02. Powers. During the intervals between the meetings of
the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, except as otherwise provided in
this section, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the
Board of Directors in the management of the property, affairs and business of
the Corporation, including the power to declare dividends and to authorize the
issuance of stock. Each such other Committee, except as otherwise provided in
this section, shall have and may exercise such powers of the Board of Directors
as may be provided by resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors.
Neither the Executive Committee nor any such other Committee shall have the
power or authority:
(a) to amend the Certificate of Incorporation (except that a
Committee may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or resolutions
providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the Board of
Directors as provided in Section 151(a) of the General Corporation Law,
fix the designations and any of the preferences or rights of such shares
relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets
of the Corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares
for, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same
or any other class or classes of stock of the Corporation or fix the
number of shares of any series of stock or authorize the increase or
decrease of the shares of any series),
(b) to adopt an agreement of merger or consolidation,
(c) to recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of
all or substantially all of the Corporation's property and assets, or
(d) to recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the
Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution.
The Executive Committee shall have, and any such other Committee may be granted
by the Board of Directors, power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be
affixed to any or all papers which may require it. [Section 141(c).]
Section 3.03. Proceedings. Each such Committee may fix its own rules
of procedure and may meet at such place (within or without the State of
Delaware), at such time and upon such notice, if any, as it shall determine from
time to time. Each such Committee shall keep minutes of its proceedings and
shall report such proceedings to the Board of Directors at the meeting of the
Board of Directors next following any such proceedings.
Section 3.04. Quorum and Manner of Acting. Except as may be
otherwise provided in the resolution creating such Committee, at all meetings of
any Committee the presence of members (or alternate members) constituting a
majority of the total authorized membership of such Committee shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business. The act of the majority of the members
present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such
Committee. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of any
such Committee may be taken without a meeting, if all members of such Committee
shall consent to such action in writing and such writing or writings are filed
with the minutes of the proceedings of the Committee. The members of any such
Committee shall act only as a
7
Committee, and the individual members of such Committee shall have no power as
such. [Section 141(c).]
Section 3.05. Action by Telephonic Communications. Members of any
Committee designated by the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting of
such Committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this provision shall
constitute presence in person at such meeting. [Section 141(i).]
Section 3.06. Absent or Disqualified Members. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of any Committee, the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or
they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of
Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified
member. [Section 141(c).]
Section 3.07. Resignations. Any member (and any alternate member) of
any Committee may resign at any time by delivering a written notice of
resignation, signed by such member, to the Chairman or the President. Unless
otherwise specified therein, such resignation shall take effect upon delivery.
Section 3.08. Removal. Any member (and any alternate member) of any
Committee may be removed at any time, either for or without cause, by resolution
adopted by a majority of the whole Board of Directors.
Section 3.09. Vacancies. If any vacancy shall occur in any
Committee, by reason of disqualification, death, resignation, removal or
otherwise, the remaining members (and any alternate members) shall continue to
act, and any such vacancy may be filled by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 4.01. Number. The officers of the Corporation shall be
chosen by the Board of Directors and shall be a President, one or more Vice
Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors also may elect
one or more Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers in such numbers as
the Board of Directors may determine. Any number of offices may be held by the
same person. No officer need be a Director of the Corporation. [Section 142(a),
(b).]
Section 4.02. Election. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of
Directors, the officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of
Directors at the annual meeting of the Board of Directors, and shall be elected
to hold office until the next succeeding annual meeting of the Board of
Directors. In the event of the failure to elect officers at such annual meeting,
officers may be elected at any regular or special meeting of the Board of
Directors.
8
Each officer shall hold office until his successor has been elected and
qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal. [Section 142(b).]
Section 4.03. Salaries. The salaries of all officers and agents of
the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.04. Removal and Resignation; Vacancies. Any officer may be
removed for or without cause at any time by the Board of Directors. Any officer
may resign at any time by delivering a written notice of resignation, signed by
such officer, to the Board of Directors or the President. Unless otherwise
specified therein, such resignation shall take effect upon delivery. Any vacancy
occurring in any office of the Corporation by death, resignation, removal or
otherwise, shall be filled by the Board of Directors. [Section 142(b), (e).]
Section 4.05. Authority and Duties of Officers. The officers of the
Corporation shall have such authority and shall exercise such powers and perform
such duties as may be specified in these By-Laws, except that in any event each
officer shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be required by
law. [Section 142 (a).]
Section 4.06. The President. The President shall preside at all
meetings of the stockholders and directors at which he is present, shall be the
chief executive officer and the chief operating officer of the Corporation,
shall have general control and supervision of the policies and operations of the
Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of
Directors are carried into effect. He shall manage and administer the
Corporation's business and affairs and shall also perform all duties and
exercise all powers usually pertaining to the office of a chief executive
officer and a chief operating officer of a corporation. He shall have the
authority to sign, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, checks, orders,
contracts, leases, notes, drafts and other documents and instruments in
connection with the business of the Corporation, and together with the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary, conveyances of real estate and other documents and
instruments to which the seal of the Corporation is affixed. He shall have the
authority to cause the employment or appointment of such employees and agents of
the Corporation as the conduct of the business of the Corporation may require,
to fix their compensation, and to remove or suspend any employee or agent
elected or appointed by the President or the Board of Directors. The President
shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of
Directors or the Chairman may from time to time prescribe.
Section 4.07. The Vice President. Each Vice President shall perform
such duties and exercise such powers as may be assigned to him from time to time
by the President. In the absence of the president, the duties of the President
shall be performed and his powers may be exercised by such Vice President as
shall be designated by the President, or failing such designation, such duties
shall be performed and such powers may be exercised by each Vice President in
the order of their earliest election to that office; subject in any case to
review and superseding action by the President.
9
Section 4.08. The Secretary. The Secretary shall have the following
powers and duties:
(a) He shall keep or cause to be kept a record of all the
proceedings of the meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of
Directors in books provided for that purpose.
(b) He shall cause all notices to be duly given in accordance with
the provisions of these By-Laws and as required by law.
(c) Whenever any Committee shall be appointed pursuant to a
resolution of the Board of Directors, he shall furnish a copy of such
resolution to the members of such Committee.
(d) He shall be the custodian of the records and of the seal of the
Corporation and cause such seal (or a facsimile thereof) to be affixed to
all certificates representing shares of the Corporation prior to the
issuance thereof and to all instruments the execution of which on behalf
of the Corporation under its seal shall have been duly authorized in
accordance with these By-Laws, and when so affixed he may attest the same.
(e) He shall properly maintain and file all books, reports,
statements, certificates and all other documents and records required by
law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws.
(f) He shall have charge of the stock books and ledgers of the
Corporation and shall cause the stock and transfer books to be kept in
such manner as to show at any time the number of shares of stock of the
Corporation of each class issued and outstanding, the names
(alphabetically arranged) and the addresses of the holders of record of
such shares, the number of shares held by each holder and the date as of
which each became such holder of record.
(g) He shall sign (unless the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer or
Assistant Secretary shall have signed) certificates representing shares of
the Corporation the issuance of which shall have been authorized by the
Board of Directors.
(h) He shall perform, in general, all duties incident to the office
of secretary and such other duties as may be specified in these By-Laws or
as may be assigned to him from time to time by the Board of Directors, or
the President.
Section 4.09. The Treasurer. The Treasurer shall be the chief
financial officer of the Corporation and shall have the following powers and
duties:
(a) He shall have charge and supervision over and be responsible for
the moneys, securities, receipts and disbursements of the Corporation, and
shall keep or cause to be kept full and accurate records of all receipts
of the Corporation.
10
(b) He shall cause the moneys and other valuable effects of the
Corporation to be deposited in the name and to the credit of the
Corporation in such banks or trust companies or with such bankers or other
depositaries as shall be selected in accordance with Section 8.05 of these
By-Laws.
(c) He shall cause the moneys of the Corporation to be disbursed by
checks or drafts (signed as provided in Section 8.06 of these By-Laws)
upon the authorized depositaries of the Corporation and cause to be taken
and preserved proper vouchers for all moneys disbursed.
(d) He shall render to the Board of Directors or the President,
whenever requested, a statement of the financial condition of the
Corporation and of all his transactions as Treasurer, and render a full
financial report at the annual meeting of the stockholders, if called upon
to do so.
(e) He shall be empowered from time to time to require from all
officers or agents of the Corporation reports or statements giving such
information as he may desire with respect to any and all financial
transactions of the Corporation.
(f) He may sign (unless an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or
an Assistant Secretary shall have signed) certificates representing stock
of the Corporation the issuance of which shall have been authorized by the
Board of Directors.
(g) He shall perform, in general, all duties incident to the office
of treasurer and such other duties as may be specified in these By-Laws or
as may be assigned to him from time to time by the Board of Directors, or
the President.
Section 4.10. Additional Officers. The Board of Directors may
appoint such other officers and agents as it may deem appropriate, and such
other officers and agents shall hold their offices for such terms and shall
exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be determined from time to
time by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors from time to time may
delegate to any officer or agent the power to appoint subordinate officers or
agents and to prescribe their respective rights, terms of office, authorities
and duties. Any such officer or agent may remove any such subordinate officer or
agent appointed by him, for or without cause. [Section 142(a), (b).]
Section 4.11. Security. The Board of Directors may require any
officer, agent or employee of the Corporation to provide security for the
faithful performance of his duties, in such amount and of such character as may
be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. [Section 142(c).]
11
ARTICLE V
CAPITAL STOCK
Section 5.01. Certificates of Stock, Uncertificated Shares. The
shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that
the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all
of any or all classes or series of the stock of the Corporation shall be
uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented
by a certificate until each certificate is surrendered to the Corporation.
Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the Board of Directors,
every holder of stock in the Corporation represented by certificates and upon
request every holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to have a
certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation, by the President or a
Vice president, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary, representing the number of shares registered in
certificate form. Such certificate shall be in such form as the Board of
Directors may determine, to the extent consistent with applicable law, the
Certificate of Incorporation and these By-Laws. [Section 158.]
Section 5.02. Signatures; Facsimile. All of such signatures on the
certificate may be a facsimile, engraved or printed, to the extent permitted by
law. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed, or whose
facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be
such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it
may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such
officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. [Section 158.]
Section 5.03. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Board of
Directors may direct that a new certificate be issued in place of any
certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost,
stolen or destroyed, upon delivery to the Board of Directors of an affidavit of
the owner or owners of such certificate, setting forth such allegation. The
Board of Directors may require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed
certificate, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond
sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on
account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the
issuance of any such new certificate. [Section 167.]
Section 5.04. Transfer of Stock. Upon surrender to the Corporation
or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares, duly
endorsed or accompanied by appropriate evidence of succession, assignment or
authority to transfer, the Corporation shall issue a new certificate to the
person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction
upon its books. Within a reasonable time after the transfer of uncertificated
stock, the Corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written
notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on
certificates pursuant to Sections 151, 156, 202(a) or 218(a) of the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Subject to the provisions of the
Certificate of Incorporation and these By-Laws, the Board of Directors may
prescribe such additional rules and regulations as it may deem appropriate
relating to the issue, transfer and registration of shares of the Corporation.
[Section 151.]
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Section 5.05. Record Date. In order to determine the stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any
adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date,
which record date shall not precede the date on which the resolution fixing the
record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which shall not be more
than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting. A
determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a
meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting, provided,
however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned
meeting.
In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders
entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board
of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors, and which date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon
which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors, the
record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action
in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is
required by law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent
setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the
Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its
principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having
custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are
recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation's registered office shall be by hand
or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date
has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of
Directors is required by law, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at
the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the
resolution taking such prior action.
In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders
entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment
of any rights of the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of
any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other
lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date
shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is
adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty days prior to such
action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders
for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. [Section 213.]
Section 5.06. Registered Stockholders. Prior to due surrender of a
certificate for registration of transfer, the Corporation may treat the
registered owner as the person exclusively entitled to receive dividends and
other distributions, to vote, to receive notice and otherwise to exercise all
the rights and powers of the owner of the shares represented by such
certificate, and the Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable
or legal claim to or interest in such shares on the part of any other person,
whether or not the Corporation shall have notice of such claim or interests.
Whenever any transfer of shares shall be made for collateral security, and not
absolutely, it shall be so expressed in the entry of the transfer if, when the
certificates are
13
presented to the Corporation for transfer or uncertificated shares are requested
to be transferred, both the transferor and transferee request the Corporation to
do so. [Section 159.]
Section 5.07. Transfer Agent and Registrar. The Board of Directors
may appoint one or more transfer agents and one or more registrars, and may
require all certificates representing shares to bear the signature of any such
transfer agents or registrars.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 6.01. Nature of Indemnity. The Corporation shall indemnify
any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any
threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or
was or has agreed to become a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or
was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of the Corporation as a
director or officer, of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust
or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or
omitted in such capacity, and may indemnify any person who was or is a party or
is threatened to be made a party to such an action, suit or proceeding by reason
of the fact that he is or was or has agreed to become an employee or agent of
the Corporation, or is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of
the Corporation as an employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys'
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with such action, suit or
proceeding and any appeal therefrom, if he acted in good faith and in a manner
he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding had no
reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful; except that in the case of
an action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in
its favor (1) such indemnification shall be limited to expenses (including
attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in the defense
or settlement of such action or suit, and (2) no indemnification shall be made
in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been
adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the
Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought
shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but
in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and
reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Delaware Court of
Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order
settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent,
shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good
faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to
the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action
or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
Section 6.02. Successful Defense. To the extent that a director,
officer, employee or agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits
or otherwise in defense
14
of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Section 6.01 hereof or in
defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against
expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in
connection therewith.
Section 6.03. Determination That Indemnification Is Proper. Any
indemnification of a director or officer of the Corporation under Section 6.01
hereof (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation unless a
determination is made that indemnification of the director or officer is not
proper in the circumstances because he has not met the applicable standard of
conduct set forth in Section 6.01 hereof. Any indemnification of an employee or
agent of the Corporation under Section 6.01 hereof (unless ordered by a court)
may be made by the Corporation upon a determination that indemnification of the
employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the
applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 6.01 hereof. Any such
determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of
a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or
proceeding, or (2) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a
quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a
written opinion, or (3) by the stockholders.
Section 6.04. Advance Payment of Expenses. Expenses (including
attorneys' fees) incurred by a director or officer in defending any civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding shall be
paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit
or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or
officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not
entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article.
Such expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by other employees and agents
may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Board of Directors
deems appropriate. The Board of Directors may authorize the Corporation's
counsel to represent such director, officer, employee or agent in any action,
suit or proceeding, whether or not the Corporation is a party to such action,
suit or proceeding.
Section 6.05. Procedure for Indemnification of Directors and
Officers. Any indemnification of a director or officer of the Corporation under
Sections 6.01 and 6.02, or advance of costs, charges and expenses to a director
or officer under Section 6.04 of this Article, shall be made promptly, and in
any event within 30 days, upon the written request of the director or officer.
If a determination by the Corporation that the director or officer is entitled
to indemnification pursuant to this Article is required, and the Corporation
fails to respond within sixty days to a written request for indemnity, the
Corporation shall be deemed to have approved such request. If the Corporation
denies a written request for indemnity or advancement of expenses, in whole or
in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is not made within 30
days, the right to indemnification or advances as granted by this Article shall
be enforceable by the director or officer in any court of competent
jurisdiction. Such person's costs and expenses incurred in connection with
successfully establishing his right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in
any such action shall also be indemnified by the Corporation. It shall be a
defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for
the advance of costs, charges and expenses under Section 6.04 of this Article
where the required undertaking, if any, has been
15
received by the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standard of
conduct set forth in Section 6.01 of this Article, but the burden of proving
such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation
(including its Board of Directors, its independent legal counsel, and its
stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such
action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances
because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 6.01
of this Article, nor the fact that there has been an actual determination by the
Corporation (including its Board of Directors, its independent legal counsel,
and its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of
conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the
claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
Section 6.06. Survival; Preservation of Other Rights. The foregoing
indemnification provisions shall be deemed to be a contract between the
Corporation and each director, officer, employee and agent who serves in any
such capacity at any time while these provisions as well as the relevant
provisions of the Delaware Corporation Law are in effect and any repeal or
modification thereof shall not affect any right or obligation then existing with
respect to any state of facts then or previously existing or any action, suit or
proceeding previously or thereafter brought or threatened based in whole or in
part upon any such state of facts. Such a "contract right" may not be modified
retroactively without the consent of such director, officer, employee or agent.
The indemnification provided by this Article VI shall not be deemed
exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under
any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or
otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in
another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person
who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to
the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
Section 6.07. Insurance. The Corporation shall purchase and maintain
insurance on behalf of any person who is or was or has agreed to become a
director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of
the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against
him and incurred by him or on his behalf in any such capacity, or arising out of
his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to
indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article,
provided that such insurance is available on acceptable terms, which
determination shall be made by a vote of a majority of the entire Board of
Directors.
Section 6.08. Severability. If this Article or any portion hereof
shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then
the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each director or officer and may
indemnify each employee or agent of the Corporation as to costs, charges and
expenses (including attorneys' fees) , judgments, fines and amounts paid in
settlement with respect to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative, including an action by or in the
right of the Corporation, to the
16
fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article that shall
not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
ARTICLE VII
OFFICES
Section 7.01. Registered Office. The registered office of the
Corporation in the State of Delaware shall be located at Corporation Trust
Center, 1209 Orange Street in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle.
Section 7.02. Other Offices. The Corporation may maintain offices or
places of business at such other locations within or without the State of
Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as the
business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE VIII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 8.01. Dividends. Subject to any applicable provisions of law
and the Certificate of Incorporation, dividends upon the shares of the
Corporation may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special
meeting of the Board of Directors and any such dividend may be paid in cash,
property, or shares of the Corporation's Capital Stock.
A member of the Board of Directors, or a member of any Committee
designated by the Board of Directors shall be fully protected in relying in good
faith upon the records of the Corporation and upon such information, opinions,
reports or statements presented to the Corporation by any of its officers or
employees, or Committees of the Board of Directors, or by any other person as to
matters the Director reasonably believes are within such other person's
professional or expert competence and who has been selected with reasonable care
by or on behalf of the Corporation, as to the value and amount of the assets,
liabilities and/or net profits of the Corporation, or any other facts pertinent
to the existence and amount of surplus or other funds from which dividends might
properly be declared and paid. [Sections 172, 173.]
Section 8.02. Reserves. There may be set aside out of any funds of
the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of
Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, thinks proper as a
reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for
repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other
purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interest of the
Corporation, and the Board of Directors may similarly modify or abolish any such
reserve. [Section 171.]
Section 8.03. Execution of Instruments. The President, any Vice
President, the Secretary or the Treasurer may enter into any contract or execute
and deliver any instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation. The
Board of Directors or the President may authorize any other officer or agent to
enter into any contract or execute and deliver any
17
instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation. Any such authorization
may be general or limited to specific contracts or instruments.
Section 8.04. Corporate Indebtedness. No loan shall be contracted on
behalf of the Corporation, and no evidence of indebtedness shall be issued in
its name, unless authorized by the Board of Directors or the President. Such
authorization may be general or confined to specific instances. Loans so
authorized may be effected at any time for the Corporation from any bank, trust
company or other institution, or from any firm, corporation or individual. All
bonds, debentures, notes and other obligations or evidences of indebtedness of
the Corporation issued for such loans shall be made, executed and delivered as
the Board of Directors or the President shall authorize. When so authorized by
the Board of Directors or the President, any part of or all the properties,
including contract rights, assets, business or good will of the Corporation,
whether then owned or thereafter acquired, may be mortgaged, pledged,
hypothecated or conveyed or assigned in trust as security for the payment of
such bonds, debentures, notes and other obligations or evidences of indebtedness
of the Corporation, and of the interest thereon, by instruments executed and
delivered in the name of the Corporation.
Section 8.05. Deposits. Any funds of the Corporation may be
deposited from time to time in such banks, trust companies or other depositaries
as may be determined by the Board of Directors or the President, or by such
officers or agents as may be authorized by the Board of Directors or the
President to make such determination.
Section 8.06. Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of
the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such agent or
agents of the Corporation, and in such manner, as the Board of Directors or the
President from time to time may determine.
Section 8.07. Sale, Transfer, etc. of Securities. To the extent
authorized by the Board of Directors or by the President, any Vice President,
the Secretary or the Treasurer or any other officers designated by the Board of
Directors or the President may sell, transfer, endorse, and assign any shares of
stock, bonds or other securities owned by or held in the name of the
Corporation, and may make, execute and deliver in the name of the Corporation,
under its corporate seal, any instruments that may be appropriate to effect any
such sale, transfer, endorsement or assignment.
Section 8.08. Voting as Stockholder. Unless otherwise determined by
resolution of the Board of Directors, the President or any Vice President shall
have full power and authority on behalf of the Corporation to attend any meeting
of stockholders of any corporation in which the Corporation may hold stock, and
to act, vote (or execute proxies to vote) and exercise in person or by proxy all
other rights, powers and privileges incident to the ownership of such stock.
Such officers acting on behalf of the Corporation shall have full power and
authority to execute any instrument expressing consent to or dissent from any
action of any such corporation without a meeting. The Board of Directors may by
resolution from time to time confer such power and authority upon any other
person or persons.
18
Section 8.09. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall
commence on the first day of January of each year (except for the Corporation's
first fiscal year which shall commence on the date of incorporation) and shall
terminate in each case on December 31.
Section 8.10. Seal. The seal of the Corporation shall be circular in
form and shall contain the name of the Corporation, the year of its
incorporation and the words "Corporate Seal" and "Delaware". The form of such
seal shall be subject to alteration by the Board of Directors. The seal may be
used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed, affixed or
reproduced, or may be used in any other lawful manner.
Section 8.11. Books and Records; Inspection. Except to the extent
otherwise required by law, the books and records of the Corporation shall be
kept at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware as may be
determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENT OF BY-LAWS
Section 9.01. Amendment. These By-Laws may be amended, altered or
repealed
(a) by resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors at
any special or regular meeting of the Board if, in the case of such
special meeting only, notice of such amendment, alteration or repeal is
contained in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting; or
(b) at any regular or special meeting of the stockholders if, in the
case of such special meeting only, notice of such amendment, alteration or
repeal is contained in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.
[Section 109(a).]
ARTICLE X
CONSTRUCTION
Section 10.01. Construction. In the event of any conflict between
the provisions of these By-Laws as in effect from time to time and the
provisions of the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation as in effect
from time to time, the provisions of such certificate of incorporation shall be
controlling.
19