SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
X ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
------ EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For fiscal year ended December 31, 1998
OR
------ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (NO FEE REQUIRED)
For the transition period from ________ to________.
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-19809
DURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
DELAWARE 95-3645543
(State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
or incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
7475 LUSK BLVD., SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92121
(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code (619) 457-2553
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF
THE ACT: NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g)
OF THE ACT: COMMON STOCK, $.001 PAR VALUE,
PREFERRED STOCK PURCHASE RIGHTS, $.001 PAR VALUE
WARRANTS TO PURCHASE ONE-FOURTH OF ONE SHARE OF COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $.001
PER SHARE. THE WARRANTS ARE REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT
SEPARATELY AND AS PART OF UNITS, EACH UNIT CONSISTING OF ONE SHARE OF CALLABLE
COMMON STOCK OF SPIROS DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION II, INC. AND ONE WARRANT. THE
WARRANTS ARE NOT SEPARATELY TRADABLE APART FROM THE UNITS PRIOR TO DECEMBER 31,
1999 OR UPON THE EARLIER OCCURRENCE OF CERTAIN EVENTS.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No .
--- ---
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to
Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained,
to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K [X].
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates
of the registrant as of March 15, 1999 was $717.7 million. For the purposes of
this calculation, shares owned by officers, directors (and their affiliates) and
10% or greater shareholders known to the registrant have been deemed to be
affiliates, which should not be construed to indicate that any such person
possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of the
management or policies of the Registrant or that such person is controlled by or
under common control with the Registrant.
The number of shares of the Registrant's Common Stock outstanding as of
March 15, 1999 was 44,103,633.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of Registrant's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of
Shareholders scheduled to be held on May 20, 1999, to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on or about April 16, 1999, are incorporated
in Part III and referred to as the "Proxy Statement."
INDEX
Part I:
Item 1. Business....................................................................1
Item 2. Properties.................................................................15
Item 3. Legal Proceedings..........................................................15
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders........................15
Part II:
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Shareholder Matters........................................................16
Item 6. Selected Financial Data....................................................17
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations........................................17
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk ................22
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data................................22
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on
Accounting and Financial Disclosure........................................22
Part III:
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.........................22
Item 11. Executive Compensation.....................................................22
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management.................................................................22
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.............................23
Part IV:
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K............23
Signatures.................................................................27
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
The discussion of Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s business contained in this
report may contain certain projections, estimates and other forward-looking
statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. For a discussion
of factors which may affect the outcome projected in such statements, see
"Risks and Uncertainties" on pages 11 through 14 of this Report on Form
10-K. While this outlook represents our current judgment on the future
direction of the business, such risks and uncertainties could cause actual
results to differ materially from any future performance listed below. We
undertake no obligation to release publicly the results of any revisions to
these forward-looking statements to reflect events and circumstances arising
after the date of this annual report.
OVERVIEW
We are a specialty respiratory pharmaceutical and pulmonary drug delivery
company. We are engaged in developing and marketing prescription
pharmaceutical products for the treatment of allergies, asthma, pneumonia,
and related respiratory conditions and are developing a pulmonary drug
delivery system called Spiros-Registered Trademark-. We have strategically
focused on the U.S. respiratory market because of its size and growth
opportunities. The estimated size of our target market for antihistamines,
asthma/rhinitis therapies, cough/cold preparations and anti-infectives in
1998 was approximately $14 billion. The size and fragmented nature of the
market as well as the identifiable base of physician prescribers allow us to
achieve significant market penetration with a specialized sales force. We
currently sell 11 prescription product lines and also own a separate mail
service pharmacy, Health Script Pharmacy Services, Inc., which dispenses
respiratory pharmaceuticals. Our operations are divided into two business
segments: (1) Pharmaceutical Products and (2) Research and Development. See
note 15 of the notes to consolidated financial statements for financial
information about each of our segments.
We employ a dual marketing strategy utilizing our focused field sales force
of over 400 people and dedicated managed markets sales and marketing and
national account groups that cover managed care organizations and retail
pharmacy chains. Our field sales force targets a physician base that includes
primary care physicians, allergists, ear, nose, and throat specialists,
pulmonologists and a selected subset of pediatricians, who we believe
collectively write a significant portion of respiratory pharmaceutical
prescriptions. Our managed markets sales and marketing group concentrates on
sales to large regional and national managed care organizations. We expect to
continue expanding both the field sales force and the managed markets sales
and marketing group to take advantage of market opportunities.
This marketing strategy has allowed us to leverage our distribution
capabilities by acquiring the rights to market additional prescription
pharmaceutical products through acquisition, in-license or co-promotion
arrangements. Since 1995, we have acquired rights to 10 products targeted at
the U.S. respiratory and anti-infective market. In 1996, we acquired from Eli
Lilly and Company exclusive U.S. marketing rights to the antibiotic
Ceclor-Registered Trademark- CD (cefaclor extended release tablets), which we
launched in October 1996. In May 1997, we acquired from Syntex (USA) Inc. and
other members of the Roche Group the exclusive U.S. rights to the intranasal
steroid products Nasarel-Registered Trademark- and Nasalide-Registered
Trademark-(flunisolide) Nasal Solutions 0.025%. In August 1998, we acquired
the exclusive U.S. marketing rights to the single-source tuberculosis drug
Myambutol-Registered Trademark-.
On December 31, 1998, we entered the hospital-based market for injectable
antibiotics. Through an agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb, we licensed the
U.S. distribution rights to two patented injectable antibiotics,
Maxipime-Registered Trademark- (cefepime hydrochloride) for Injection and
Azactam-Registered Trademark- (aztreonam) for Injection. These products will
help facilitate our entry into the hospital market by funding the
establishment of a separate acute sales force dedicated to marketing these
and other to-be-acquired products. During 1999, we expect to build a
hospital-based sales force totaling approximately 125 sales representatives.
The second component of our strategy is to develop the Spiros-Registered
Trademark- pulmonary drug delivery system. Spiros is being designed to
aerosolize pharmaceuticals in dry powder formulations for delivery to the
lungs while providing certain advantages over other currently used methods of
pulmonary drug delivery. We have a three-level development program for Spiros
which entails:
- developing, on behalf of Spiros Development Corporation II, Inc.,
certain drug compounds for use in Spiros, including in the near-term
albuterol, beclomethasone and budesonide, three of the drugs most frequently
prescribed to treat respiratory conditions,
1
- licensing Spiros primarily to pharmaceutical companies, generally for
use with certain of their proprietary respiratory products, and
- developing Spiros, generally in collaboration with third parties,
for the systemic delivery of compounds, including certain proteins and
peptides, through the lungs for respiratory and non-respiratory indications
as an alternative to current invasive delivery techniques.
In November 1997, we, on behalf of Spiros Development Corporation, submitted
a new drug application with the FDA for albuterol in the Spiros cassette
system. On November 4, 1998, we and Spiros Corp. II announced the receipt of
a complete response letter from the FDA which indicated that the new drug
application submitted for Albuterol Spiros-TM- will not be approved unless
certain deficiencies are addressed. The FDA requested that we and Spiros
Corp. II complete additional clinical trials on the Spiros system to ensure
the system is reliable and to demonstrate that the system can achieve the
same results as the original clinical trial. The FDA also requested that
several chemistry, manufacturing, and control issues, as well as certain
electromechanical reliability issues be resolved. As a result of several
meetings with the FDA, we and Spiros Corp. II have determined the
requirements to address these issues and support a resubmission of the
Albuterol Spiros new drug application. Additionally, we placed Albuterol
Spiros and Beclomethasone Spiros on nearly parallel development tracks. We
expect to initiate additional clinical studies for both products in late 1999
on behalf of Spiros Corp. II.
In September 1998, we announced our agreement with Lilly to develop pulmonary
delivery technology for insulin. The product under development is based on
our proprietary Spiros system for proteins and peptides. This collaboration
represents a potentially significant step in diabetes patient care and a vast
market opportunity for us. In addition, the partnership provides substantial
recognition of the potential of the Spiros technology platform and its
application for systemic delivery of macromolecules.
RELATIONSHIP WITH SPIROS CORP. II
On December 22, 1997, Spiros Corp. II completed a $101 million public
offering. Under agreements with us, the net proceeds of $94 million from the
offering and a $75 million contribution from us are planned to be used to
develop Spiros and Spiros applications for use with the drugs albuterol,
beclomethasone, ipratropium, albuterol-ipratropium combination, budesonide
and additional designated compounds. The offering consisted of 6,325,000
units sold at $16.00 per unit. Each unit consisted of one share of Spiros
Corp. II callable common stock and a warrant to purchase one-fourth of one
share of our common stock. These warrants will be exercisable from January 1,
2000 through December 31, 2002 at an exercise price of $54.84 per share. In
consideration for the warrants and the contribution of $75 million to Spiros
Corp. II, we have the right through December 31, 2002 to purchase all, but
not less than all, of the then outstanding shares of Spiros Corp. II callable
common stock at predetermined prices. We also have an option, through
specified dates, to acquire Spiros Corp. II's exclusive rights for the use of
Spiros with albuterol and for the use of Spiros with a second product other
than albuterol. The purchase price for the Spiros purchase option may be
paid, at our option, in cash, shares of common stock, or a combination
thereof. The purchase price for the product options may only be paid in cash.
In connection with the offering, we also entered into certain other
agreements with Spiros Corp. II which are summarized as follows:
TECHNOLOGY LICENSE AGREEMENT. Under this agreement, we granted to
Spiros Corp. II, subject to existing agreements, an exclusive,
worldwide, perpetual, royalty-bearing license to use Spiros in
connection with the designated compounds.
ALBUTEROL AND PRODUCT OPTION AGREEMENT. Under this agreement, we have
the option to acquire the rights to use Spiros with albuterol and a
second product other than albuterol.
DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT. Under this agreement, Spiros Corp. II has
engaged us to develop the Spiros products and provide general
management services to Spiros Corp. II.
MANUFACTURING AND MARKETING AGREEMENT. Under this agreement, Spiros
Corp. II granted to us an exclusive worldwide license to manufacture
and market the Spiros products in exchange for a royalty of 7% on net
product sales, as defined in the agreement.
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U.S. PRESCRIPTION PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET
We divide our target market into four primary segments:
- respiratory infection,
- allergy, cough and cold,
- asthma and chronic obstructure pulmonary disease, also known
as COPD and
- injectable antibiotics.
RESPIRATORY INFECTION. Respiratory infections are generally caused by a
variety of bacteria and can affect either the nasal cavity, sinuses and
throat or the lungs. The resulting diagnoses include sinusitis, tonsillitis
and bronchitis. These infections are treated with antibiotics, which kill the
bacteria causing the symptoms. There are a variety of classes of antibiotics
that treat specific ranges, or spectrums, of bacteria. Classes used to treat
respiratory infection include cephalosporins, broad spectrum macrolides and
quinolones. The U.S. market for these classes is very large, totaling $5.8
billion in 1998 for the oral forms alone. The cephalosporin class accounts
for approximately $1.0 billion of this total.
ALLERGY, COUGH AND COLD. While the causes of allergies (which can be seasonal
or perennial) and cough and colds differ, nasal congestion and sneezing are
common symptoms of these diseases. The U.S. combined market for therapeutic
drugs to treat allergies, coughs and colds was $4.2 billion in 1998.
Antihistamines and antihistamine/decongestant combinations are the most
widely used forms of therapy for allergies and represent the largest portion
of the allergy, cough and cold market in the U.S. An additional form of
therapy for allergies includes intranasal steroids, such as Nasarel and
Nasalide, which are increasingly being prescribed for allergic rhinitis.
Cough and cold preparations represent the next largest portion of the
allergy, cough and cold market and include decongestant and
decongestant/expectorant combinations, cough suppressants and antihistamine
combinations and expectorants.
ASTHMA AND COPD. Asthma is a complex physiological disorder characterized by
airway hyperactivity to a variety of stimuli such as dust, pollen, stress or
physical exercise, resulting in airway obstruction that is partially or
temporarily reversible. The U.S. asthma population has grown steadily in
recent years. COPD is a complex condition comprising a combination of chronic
bronchitis, emphysema and airway obstruction. The disease affects males more
often than females and is exacerbated by smoking and other insults to the
lung. Incidence is as high as 20% of the adult male population, though only a
minority are clinically disabled. The U.S. combined market for therapeutic
drugs to treat asthma and COPD was approximately $2.9 billion in 1998.
INJECTABLE ANTIBIOTICS. The acquisition of Maxipime and Azactam marks our
entry into the hospital market. Maxipime and Azactam are patented products
which compete in the $1.6 billion hospital-based, injectable antibiotic
market. Maxipime targets severe hospital-based respiratory and
non-respiratory conditions such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection and
febrile neutropenia. Azactam is principally used in pneumonia, post-surgical
infections and septicemia. Expansion into the hospital market is
strategically significant to us as it provides another high-potential
platform for growth through the acquisition of additional proprietary
products. Our hospital presence is likely to contribute to the success of
Albuterol Spiros, pending FDA approval, since the hospital market accounts
for a significant share of albuterol sales.
STRATEGY
Our objective is to be a leading supplier of respiratory pharmaceuticals and
pulmonary drug delivery systems. We attempt to achieve this objective through
the implementation of the following strategies:
- - FOCUSING MARKETING EFFORTS ON TARGET PHYSICIAN SPECIALISTS. We employ a
dual marketing strategy utilizing our focused field sales force and a
dedicated managed markets sales and marketing group. Our primary care
field sales force targets a physician base that includes primary care
physicians, allergists, ENTs, pulmonologists and a selected subset of
pediatricians, who we believe collectively write a significant portion of
respiratory pharmaceutical prescriptions. Our managed markets sales and
marketing group concentrates on sales to large regional and national
managed care organizations. With the acquisition of Maxipime and Azactam,
we will be establishing an acute care field sales force which will target
hospital-based pulmonologists, general surgeons,
3
infectious disease specialists and hematologists/oncologists. We expect
to continue expanding both the field sales force and the managed markets
sales and marketing group as warranted by market opportunities.
- - ACQUIRING, IN-LICENSING OR CO-PROMOTING PRESCRIPTION PHARMACEUTICALS. We
seek to acquire, in-license or co-promote prescription pharmaceuticals or
companies developing and/or marketing such pharmaceuticals. We are
particularly focused on respiratory drugs that are underpromoted by large
pharmaceutical companies. We believe that the pharmaceutical industry is
undergoing a restructuring that may create greater opportunities for us.
For example, many large pharmaceutical companies are consolidating, merging
and/or redirecting their sales forces. This may lead to the underpromotion
of certain products deemed too small for large sales forces and create
significant acquisition, in-licensing and co-promotion opportunities.
Additionally, consolidation among drug companies may make small product
lines less desirable to large pharmaceutical companies. We are actively
pursuing the acquisition of rights to products and/or companies, which may
require the use of substantial capital resources.
- - DEVELOPING SPIROS. We have a three-level development program for Spiros
which entails (1) developing, on behalf of Spiros Corp. II, certain drug
compounds for use in Spiros, including in the near-term albuterol,
beclomethasone and budesonide, three of the drugs most frequently
prescribed to treat respiratory conditions, (2) licensing Spiros primarily
to pharmaceutical companies, generally for use with certain of their
proprietary respiratory products, and (3) developing Spiros, generally in
collaboration with third parties, for the systemic delivery of compounds,
including certain proteins and peptides, through the lungs for respiratory
and non-respiratory indications as an alternative to current invasive
delivery techniques.
DURA'S CURRENT PRODUCTS
We currently market prescription products in the following therapeutic
categories: respiratory; allergy, cough and cold; tuberculosis and injectable
antibiotics. The following is a list of our principal prescription
pharmaceuticals:
PRODUCTS RIGHTS
- -------- OBTAINED FROM OR
DEVELOPED BY
------------
Respiratory Infection
Ceclor CD (cefaclor extended release tablets).......... Lilly
Allergy, Cough and Cold
Nasarel (flunisolide) Nasal Solution................... Syntex
Nasalide (flunisolide) Nasal Solution.................. Syntex
Entex-Registered Trademark- Product Line............... Procter & Gamble
Tuberculosis
Myambutol (ethambutol hydrochloride) Tablets........... American Home Products
Capastat-Registered Trademark- (capreomycin) for
Injection and Seromycin-Registered Trademark-
(cycloserine) capsules............................... Lilly
Injectable Antibiotics
Maxipime (cefepime hydrochloride)...................... Bristol-Myers Squibb
Azactam (aztreonam).................................... Bristol-Myers Squibb
In September 1996, we acquired the exclusive U.S. rights to the cephalosporin
antibiotic Ceclor CD from Lilly. The U.S. oral antibiotic market was $5.8
billion in 1998, of which $1.0 billion was accounted for by cephalosporin
antibiotics. We believe that this acquisition complemented our strategy
because approximately 60% of antibiotics are prescribed for respiratory
infections. Ceclor CD is a twice-a-day dosage form of cefaclor typically
taken for seven days. Ceclor, Lilly's currently marketed cefaclor, is
normally taken three times a day for 10 days. This product acquisition
4
furthered our strategy of acquiring prescription pharmaceuticals to be
marketed by our sales force to our targeted physicians.
In May 1997, we acquired from Syntex the exclusive U.S. rights to the
intranasal steroid products Nasarel and Nasalide. The U.S. market for the
treatment of perennial and allergic rhinitis was approximately $1.1 billion
in 1998, an increase of 24% over 1997. This acquisition complemented our
existing strategy because the products fit within our respiratory focus while
adding a new respiratory category, nasal steroids, to our product portfolio.
In August 1998, we acquired from American Home Products the exclusive U.S.
rights to the single-source tuberculosis drug Myambutol, an oral
antibacterial agent used as first line therapy in the treatment of pulmonary
tuberculosis. This acquisition strengthened our position in the tuberculosis
market, which is an attractive segment of the respiratory market since
tuberculosis products require minimal promotional effort. In addition, the
Myambutol acquisition supported our shift away from our older,
promotion-sensitive products that had been posting declining sales.
In December 1998, we added to our established primary care respiratory line a
second source for growing pharmaceutical sales by entering the $1.6 billion
hospital-based injectable antibiotic market. Through an agreement with
Bristol-Myers Squibb, effective January 1, 1999 we licensed the U.S.
distribution rights to two patented injectable antibiotics, Maxipime and
Azactam. These products are important additions to our product portfolio for
two reasons. In addition to providing a significant source of additional
revenue, Maxipime and Azactam will help facilitate our entry into the
hospital market by funding the establishment of a separate acute care sales
force dedicated to marketing these and other to-be-acquired products.
Additionally, this presence in the hospital market positions us to strengthen
the market potential for Albuterol Spiros products, pending FDA approval.
SPIROS
Spiros is a proprietary pulmonary drug delivery system that is designed to
aerosolize pharmaceuticals in dry powder formulations for delivery to the
lungs while providing certain advantages over traditional pulmonary delivery
systems. We believe new inhalation systems will gradually replace metered
dose inhalers, also known as MDIs, as the leading pulmonary delivery systems,
due primarily to the phasing out of CFCs and coordination problems associated
with many MDIs. Many companies are studying alternative propellants, such as
hydrofluorocarbons, for use in MDIs. The first albuterol MDI using an HFA
propellant has been approved by FDA and is being marketed by Schering-Plough.
However, we believe that any product utilizing alternative propellants will
still suffer from many of the limitations of currently marketed MDIs,
including the need for patients to coordinate breathing with actuation of the
drug delivery system. There are two types of dry powder inhalers currently in
commercial use worldwide, individual dose and multiple dose. Individual dose
dry powder inhalers currently marketed in the U.S. include the Rotohaler-TM-
(developed and marketed by Glaxo Wellcome) and the Spinhaler-Registered
Trademark- (developed and marketed by Fisons Limited). The
Turbuhaler-Registered Trademark- (developed and marketed by Astra
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a multiple dose dry powder inhaler, is the leading
dry powder inhaler in worldwide sales. In 1998, the first Turbuhaler product,
the Pulmicort Turbuhaler was launched by Astra. The FDA has also approved two
multiple dose DPIs developed by Glaxo, the Flovent-Registered Trademark-
Rotadisk-Registered Trademark- and the Serevent-Registered Trademark-
Diskus-Registered Trademark-, both launched in early 1998.
POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF SPIROS. We believe Spiros may have certain advantages
over other currently used methods of pulmonary drug delivery including:
INSPIRATORY FLOW RATE INDEPENDENCE. Spiros is designed to deliver a
relatively consistent drug dose to the lungs over a wide range of
inspiratory flow rates, which can vary depending on a patient's health,
effort or physical abilities. Tests of Spiros on human subjects have
shown a relatively consistent and significant level of drug deposition
throughout the clinically relevant inspiratory range. Existing dry
powder inhalers can vary significantly in their level of drug
deposition depending on the patient's inspiratory flow rate and can
deliver significantly less drug at the lower flow rates typically
associated with asthma attacks.
MINIMUM NEED FOR PATIENT COORDINATION. Spiros is breath-actuated and
does not require the user to coordinate inhalation and actuation of the
drug delivery system. MDIs generally require the user to coordinate
their breathing with actuation of the MDI. Studies indicate that a
significant percentage of patients, particularly
5
young children and the elderly, do not use MDIs correctly. Spiros is
designed to solve these coordination problems by delivering the drug
to patient's lungs as they inhale.
REDUCED SIDE EFFECTS. Spiros is designed to efficiently deliver drugs
to the lungs, thereby reducing drug deposit in the mouth and throat
which could reduce the possibility of unwanted side effects of certain
drugs, such as coughing and local irritation. With MDIs, a significant
portion of the dose is delivered to the mouth and throat and is
swallowed.
PATIENT CONVENIENCE. Spiros is designed to be convenient for patients,
with features such as breath actuation (Spiros is triggered by
inhalation), portability (light weight and small size), quick delivery
time, simple operation, dose delivery feedback and multi-dose
capability. Spiros also allows the patient to see the actual number of
doses remaining in a cassette or blister pack and an LED light provides
a warning of the need to replace Spiros prior to the end of its useful
life.
FREE OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBON PROPELLANTS. CFC propellants have ozone
destructive characteristics and are subject to worldwide regulations
aimed at eliminating their usage within the decade. Spiros does not use
CFCs while most MDIs, currently the most popular form of aerosol drug
delivery, use CFCs. Virtually all of the world's industrial nations,
under the auspices of the United Nations Environmental Program, have
pledged to cease use of CFCs by the year 2000. Continued use of CFCs in
medical products has been permitted under annual exemptions. As a
result of the planned phase out of CFCs, we believe that dry powder
inhalers will become a leading method for pulmonary drug delivery.
CORE SPIROS TECHNOLOGY. The core technology contained in Spiros which gives
rise to the flow rate independent delivery is an aerosol generator that uses
electromechanical energy to disperse dry powder to form an aerosol for
inhalation. The main components of the aerosol generator include the
impeller, the motor, the breath actuated switch, and the dosing chamber. When
the switch is activated, the electric circuit is completed and the impeller
rotates. The action of the impeller on the dry powder formulation supplies
the energy to disperse the drug and provides a zero-velocity cloud of
aerosolized drug for inhalation. The cloud of aerosolized drug is suspended
in the dosing chamber and is delivered to the lungs only as the patient
inhales.
Two separate Spiros systems are currently under development, both utilizing
the same core technology with distinct powder storage systems. Because of the
physical and chemical requirements of the specific drugs deliverable by
Spiros, as well as the varying needs of the patients and marketplace, we
believe that our cassette and blisterdisk systems will provide flexibility
for delivery of many different types of drugs.
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR SPIROS. We have a three-level development program for
Spiros. The first level entails developing for use in Spiros, on behalf of
Spiros Corp. II, certain drug applications which are currently used to treat
respiratory conditions, including the beta-agonist albuterol, two steroids,
beclomethasone and budesonide, an anticholinergic, ipratropium and a
combination of albuterol and ipratropium. We currently conduct the
development efforts and will conduct marketing efforts following regulatory
approval, if any, for the products listed below on behalf of Spiros Corp. II
under agreements entered into in connection with the Spiros Corp. II
offering. For a discussion of certain risks related to the development of the
Spiros products, please see "Risks and Uncertainties" below.
ALBUTEROL. Albuterol, a beta-agonist, provides rapid symptomatic relief of
reversible bronchospasm. When administered by inhalation, it produces
significant bronchodilation promptly and its effects last for a number of
hours. Albuterol is the most widely accepted asthma medication in the world.
In 1998, U.S. sales of albuterol were approximately $425 million as measured
by average wholesale prices.
To address the issues raised in the FDA's complete response letter received
in November 1998, we and Spiros Corp. II expect to initiate the additional
clinical trials in late 1999 with a targeted launch date in 2001, pending FDA
approval. There can be no assurance of FDA approval in a timely manner, if at
all.
BECLOMETHASONE. Beclomethasone is a steroid used to treat the inflammatory
component of asthma and certain symptoms of COPD. Systemic side effects
resulting from the inhalation of beclomethasone are less than those that
occur with steroids taken in capsule, tablet or liquid form. Beclomethasone
was first launched in MDI form as Vanceril
6
by Schering-Plough and later as Beclovent by Glaxo. In 1998, U.S. sales of
beclomethasone were approximately $195 million as measured by average
wholesale prices. In the first quarter of 1997, we completed dose ranging
studies of a one dosage strength of beclomethasone in the Spiros cassette
system under an investigational new drug application. In the fourth quarter
of 1997, we commenced a late-stage 12-week trial in humans to demonstrate
safety and efficacy. Enrollment of patients was completed by the second
quarter of 1998. As a result of feedback received from the FDA regarding
Albuterol Spiros, we must conduct additional clinical trials for
Beclomethasone. We presently expect to commence such studies by late 1999.
Pending successful trial outcomes, we plan to file a new drug application for
Beclomethasone Spiros and to launch the product, pending FDA approval, in
2001.
BUDESONIDE. Budesonide is a new generation steroid used to treat the
inflammatory component of asthma. Budesonide has been marketed in several
dosage forms outside of the U.S., but to date, has only been available in the
U.S. in nasal spray form. However, in June 1997, the FDA approved for
marketing in the U.S. a dry powder formulation of budesonide for delivery
through Astra's Pulmicort Turbuhaler. In 1997, worldwide sales of budesonide
were estimated to be greater than $600 million as measured by average
wholesale prices. On behalf of Spiros Corp. II, we have begun formulation of
budesonide for delivery through Spiros and expect to initiate clinical trials
in late 1999.
IPRATROPIUM AND ALBUTEROL-IPRATROPIUM COMBINATION. Ipratropium is an
anticholinergic bronchodilator. Ipratropium is most commonly prescribed for
the long-term management of COPD and for the treatment of asthmatic patients
who are poorly controlled by, or who experience troublesome side effects
from, beta-agonists such as albuterol. Ipratropium acts at a site that is
different from the site where beta-agonists act and thus affords an
alternative approach to the treatment of airway obstruction. Albuterol and
ipratropium are frequently prescribed in combination for patients with COPD
or asthma. Boehringer Ingelheim has marketed an albuterol-ipratropium
combination product, Combivent-Registered Trademark-, outside of the U.S. for
a number of years. Combivent was approved for marketing in the U.S. in early
1997 and has recently been launched in MDI form. Based on the substantial
work performed with albuterol and the feasibility study conducted with
ipratropium, we believe that developing an albuterol-ipratropium formulation
for delivery using Spiros will be feasible. However, to focus resources on
the development of the steroid products and albuterol, we have suspended work
on the ipratropium and albuterol-ipratropium combination products and will
review the opportunity for these products at a later date.
The second level of Spiros development consists of licensing Spiros primarily
to pharmaceutical companies for use with certain of their proprietary
respiratory products. We are currently conducting feasibility studies for
pharmaceutical companies to assess the suitability of certain compounds to be
delivered using Spiros.
The third level of Spiros development is to develop Spiros, in collaboration
with other companies, for the systematic delivery of compounds through the
lungs for respiratory and nonrespiratory indications as an alternative to
current invasive delivery techniques. We commenced research efforts on the
use of Spiros with peptides and proteins in 1995. In September 1998, we
announced our agreement with Lilly to develop pulmonary delivery technology
for insulin. The product under development is based on our proprietary Spiros
system for proteins and peptides. This collaboration represents a potentially
significant step in diabetes patient care and a vast market opportunity for
us. In addition, the collaboration provides substantial recognition of the
potential of the Spiros technology platform and its application to systemic
delivery of macromolecules. Lilly is leading the clinical trial efforts,
supplying insulin to the program and will be responsible for global marketing
efforts. We are formulating the insulin inhalation powder, further developing
pulmonary delivery technologies for the products, and will be responsible for
manufacturing the final products. For a discussion of the risks associated
with the development of Spiros by third parties, please see "Risks and
Uncertainties" below.
SALES AND MARKETING
FIELD SALES FORCE. Our specialized sales and marketing organization targets a
physician base that includes approximately 60,000 U.S. allergists, ENTs,
pulmonologists, pediatricians and generalist physicians who treat a large
number of patients with respiratory conditions. We believe this relatively
small group of physicians writes a significant portion of respiratory
pharmaceutical prescriptions. This concentration allows for effective market
penetration by a specialized sales and marketing organization.
As of December 31, 1998, we had 401 pharmaceutical sales representatives
nationwide, supervised by 44 district managers, four area recruiter-trainers
and six regional directors.
7
We believe that the personal relationships of our sales representatives with
their physician customers are essential to our business. Our sales
representatives differentiate themselves from the competition by focusing
primarily on respiratory infections, allergy, cough and cold, and by
promoting pharmaceuticals used by respiratory specialists in treating
patients. With a relatively small target audience, our promotional spending
on advertising and direct mail is efficient. We regularly participate in
local, regional and national medical meetings of the key specialty groups. We
believe that we have established a national awareness of the Dura brand
within the U.S. respiratory market.
MANAGED MARKETS SALES AND MARKETING AND NATIONAL ACCOUNTS GROUPS. To
implement our marketing strategy, we established dedicated managed markets
sales and marketing and national accounts groups, which concentrate on sales
to large regional and national managed care organizations and retail pharmacy
chains. These organizations include health maintenance organizations, also
known as HMOs, preferred provider organizations, also known as PPOs, large
drug merchandising chains, nursing home providers and mail order pharmacies.
A primary goal of the managed markets sales and marketing group is to place
our products on approved formulary lists of HMOs and PPOs.
HEALTH SCRIPT
In March 1995, we acquired Health Script, located in Denver, Colorado. Health
Script is a mail service pharmacy which dispenses respiratory
pharmaceuticals. Mail order services are particularly well-suited for
respiratory patients who are long-term, chronic users of certain
pharmaceuticals and to whom the convenience and cost efficiency of mail order
is appealing. Health Script currently dispenses over 100 respiratory products
manufactured by third parties. Health Script is focused on working with home
healthcare providers and patients to coordinate respiratory medication
services and patients' management programs. Health Script markets its
services through specialty field sales representatives and telemarketing. The
existing patient base is maintained by telephone contact with patients to
monitor compliance with their doctors' prescriptions.
COMPETITION
Many companies, including large pharmaceutical firms with financial and
marketing resources and development capabilities substantially greater than
ours, are engaged in developing, marketing and selling products that compete
with those offered or planned to be offered by us. We believe that
competition among both prescription pharmaceuticals and pulmonary drug
delivery systems aimed at the respiratory infection, allergy, cough and cold,
and asthma and COPD markets will be based on, among other things, product
efficacy, safety, reliability, availability and price. As the respiratory
market continues to evolve, there will be numerous dry powder inhalers, as
well as CFC-free versions that will continue to offer competitive advantages
to already existing products in the market place.
There are at least 25 other companies in the U.S. that are currently engaged
in developing, marketing and selling respiratory pharmaceuticals.
Additionally, there are at least 10 companies currently involved in the
development, marketing or sales of dry powder pulmonary drug delivery
systems. There are two types of DPIs currently in commercial use worldwide,
individual dose and multiple dose. Individual dose DPIs currently marketed in
the U.S. include the Rotohaler-TM- (developed and marketed by Glaxo Wellcome)
and the Spinhaler-Registered Trademark- (developed and marketed by Fisons
Limited). The Turbuhaler-Registered Trademark- (developed and marketed by
Astra Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) a multiple dose DPI, is the leading DPI in
worldwide sales. In 1998, the first Turbuhaler product, the Pulmicort
Turbuhaler was launched by Astra. The FDA has also approved two multiple dose
DPIs developed by Glaxo, the Flovent-Registered Trademark-
Rotadisk-Registered Trademark- and the Serevent-Registered Trademark-
Diskus-Registered Trademark-, both launched in early 1998.
CLINICAL, DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATORY
Our clinical, development and regulatory expenses relate primarily to product
development and regulatory compliance activities. Clinical, development and
regulatory expenses were $18.5 million, $25.3 million and $43.9 million for
the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. The clinical,
development and regulatory expenses associated with Spiros development, for
which Dura recorded contract revenues from third parties were $17.2 million,
$22.9 million and $40.7 million for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997
and 1998, respectively.
PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
We presently hold five U.S. patents and four U.S. patent applications
relating to the Spiros technology to be further developed by Spiros Corp. II.
The issued patents include a patent with claims covering the use in Spiros of
an impeller to create an aerosol cloud of a drug intended for inhalation,
which expires in 2011. We have also filed certain continuations in part and
foreign patent applications relating to Spiros. All of the above patents and
patent applications, relating to the Spiros technology, together with their
respective continuations in part and foreign patent applications, have been
licensed to Spiros Corp. II under our technology license agreement. Until the
expiration or termination of
8
our purchase option, we are required to file patent applications, at Spiros
Corp. II's expense, with respect to inventions included in the program
technology. We will be the owner and Spiros Corp. II will be the exclusive
licensee for use with the Spiros products of any patents included in the
program technology.
We consider the protection of discoveries in connection with our development
activities important to our business. We intend to seek patent protection in
the U.S. and selected foreign countries where deemed appropriate.
We also rely on trade secrets, unpatented proprietary know-how and continuing
technological innovation to develop our competitive position. We enter into
confidentiality agreements with certain of our employees under which these
employees agree to assign to us any inventions relating to our business made
by them while in our employ.
In connection with one of the patents described above, in 1993, we entered
into an agreement with the principal inventor of the Spiros technology which,
among other things, provides compensation to the inventor over the life of
the patent which is linked to annual sales of products related to such
patent. Such compensation amounts to approximately $1 million of the first
$50 million of annual sales of such products, and $1 million of the next $100
million of annual sales, with a maximum aggregate compensation of $6 million.
The Ceclor CD, Nasarel, Nasalide, Maxipime and Azactam products or processes
to make such products are covered by patents which expire between 2003 and
2008. Our other pharmaceutical products are not protected by patents. For a
discussion of risks related to our intellectual property, please see "Risks
and Uncertainties" below.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
The manufacturing and marketing of our products are subject to regulation by
various Federal and state government authorities. In the U.S.,
pharmaceuticals and drug delivery systems, including Spiros, are also subject
to rigorous FDA regulation and may be subject to regulation by other
jurisdictions, including the State of California. The Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Service Act govern the testing,
manufacture, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval,
advertising and promotion of our products. Product development and approval
within this regulatory framework takes a number of years and involves the
expenditure of substantial resources.
To obtain FDA approval for each of the Spiros products, each of the following
steps and possibly others must be conducted: (1) laboratory and possibly
animal tests, (2) the submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug
application, which must become effective before human testing may commence,
(3) adequate and well-controlled human testing to establish safety and
efficacy, (4) the submission of a new drug application to the FDA for
marketing approval, and (5) FDA approval of the new drug application prior to
any commercial sale or shipment. The new drug application must include, in
addition to a compilation of preclinical and clinical data, complete
information about product performance and manufacturing facilities and
processes. Prior to completion of the regulatory review process, the FDA may
conduct an inspection of the facility, manufacturing procedures, operating
systems and personnel qualifications. In addition to obtaining FDA approval
for each product, each domestic drug and/or device manufacturing facility
must be registered with and approved by the FDA. Domestic manufacturing
facilities are subject to biennial inspections by the FDA and inspections by
other jurisdictions and must comply with current good manufacturing practice
for both drugs and devices. To supply products for use in the U.S., foreign
manufacturing establishments must comply with current good manufacturing
practice and other requirements and are subject to periodic inspection by the
FDA or by regulatory authorities in such countries under reciprocal
agreements with the FDA.
Preclinical testing includes laboratory evaluation of product chemistry and
animal studies, if appropriate, to assess the safety and efficacy of the
product and its formulation. The results of the preclinical tests are
submitted to the FDA as part of an IND application, and unless the FDA
objects, the IND application will become effective 30 days following its
receipt by the FDA, thus allowing the product to be tested in humans.
Clinical trials involve the administration of the pharmaceutical product to
healthy volunteers or to patients identified as having the condition for
which the pharmaceutical agent is being tested. The pharmaceutical product is
administered under the supervision of a qualified principal investigator.
Clinical trials are conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice and
protocols previously submitted to the FDA as part of the investigational new
drug application) that detail the objectives of the study, the parameters
used to monitor safety and the efficacy criteria evaluated. Each
9
clinical study is conducted under the auspices of an independent
Institutional Review Board at the institution at which the study is
conducted. The review board considers, among other things, the design of the
study, ethical factors, the safety of the human subjects and the possible
liability risk for the institution.
Clinical trials for new products are typically conducted in three sequential
phases that may overlap. In Phase I, the initial introduction of the
pharmaceutical into healthy human volunteers, the emphasis is on testing for
safety (adverse effects), dosage tolerance, metabolism, distribution,
excretion and clinical pharmacology. Phase II involves studies in a limited
patient population to determine the initial efficacy of the pharmaceutical
for specific targeted indications, to determine dosage tolerance and optimal
dosage and to identify possible adverse side effect and safety risks. Once a
compound is found to be effective and to have an acceptable safety profile in
Phase II evaluations, Phase III trials are undertaken to more fully evaluate
clinical outcomes. The FDA reviews both the clinical plans and the results of
the trials and may require the study to be discontinued at any time if there
are significant safety issues.
The results of the preclinical and clinical trials for pharmaceutical drug
products such as those currently marketed or being developed by us are
submitted to the FDA in the form of a new drug application for marketing
approval. FDA approval can take several months to several years, or approval
may be denied. The approval process can be affected by a number of factors,
including the severity of side effects, the availability of alternative
treatments and the risks and benefits demonstrated in clinical trials.
Additional animal studies or clinical trials may be requested during the FDA
review process and may delay marketing approval. After FDA approval for the
initial indication, further clinical trials are necessary to gain approval
for the use of the product for any additional indications. The FDA may also
require post-marketing testing and surveillance to monitor for adverse
effects, which can involve significant additional expense.
Although the FDA has considerable discretion to decide what requirements must
be met prior to approval, we believe, based upon the FDA's historical
practice with respect to drug inhalers, that the FDA is likely to regulate
each combination of Spiros with a compound as a discrete pharmaceutical or
drug product requiring separate approval as a new drug. Although the safety
and efficacy of the compounds being developed on behalf of Spiros Corp. II in
Spiros have already been established in currently marketed formulations and
delivery mechanisms, the approved requirements for new pulmonary delivery
systems such as Spiros are quite rigorous.
For both currently marketed and future products, failure to comply with
applicable regulatory requirements after obtaining regulatory approval can,
among other things, result in the suspension of regulatory approval, as well
as possible civil and criminal sanctions. In addition, changes in regulations
could have a material adverse effect on us.
Health Script is subject to regulation by state regulatory authorities,
principally state boards of pharmacy. In addition, Health Script is subject
to regulation by other state and Federal agencies with respect to
reimbursement for prescription drug benefits provided to individuals covered
primarily by publicly funded programs. For a description of the risks related
to government regulation, please see "Risks and Uncertainties" below.
MANUFACTURING
Our principal manufacturing facility is located near our headquarters in San
Diego, California. The facility initially will be used to formulate, mill,
blend and manufacture drugs to be used with Spiros, pending regulatory
approval. Our manufacturing facility must be registered with and licensed by
various regulatory authorities and must comply with current good
manufacturing practice requirements prescribed by the FDA and the State of
California. We are currently expanding our facilities to provide additional
manufacturing capabilities. We will need to significantly scale up our
current manufacturing operations from clinical supply scale to commercial
scale and comply with regulations prescribed by various regulatory agencies
in the U.S. and other countries to achieve the prescribed quality and
required levels of production of such products and to obtain marketing
approval. Any failure or significant delay in the validation of or obtaining
a satisfactory regulatory inspection of the new facility or failure to
successfully scale up could have a material adverse effect on our ability to
manufacture products in connection with Spiros.
We have limited experience manufacturing products for commercial purposes and
do not have the capability to manufacture our current pharmaceutical
products. We are dependent on contract manufacturers for the production of
our products for development and commercial purposes. Our current dependence
upon others for the manufacture of
10
our products may adversely affect the future profit margin, if any, on the
sale of those products and our ability to develop and deliver products on a
timely and competitive basis.
HUMAN RESOURCES
We had 942 employees as of December 31, 1998, consisting of 511 people in
sales and marketing, of which 475 constitute the field sales force and the
managed markets group, 88 in administration and finance, 246 in clinical,
regulatory and research and development and 97 at Health Script. None of our
employees are represented by a labor union, and we believe we maintain
positive relations with both field and corporate personnel.
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
SPIROS-Registered Trademark- REQUIRES SIGNIFICANT ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT
WHICH IS COSTLY, TIME-CONSUMING AND MAY NEVER BE COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUL.
Spiros, our proprietary dry powder pulmonary drug delivery system, will
require significant additional development efforts as well as clinical
testing. This work is very costly and time consuming. Even after spending
significant amounts of money and time, the development and commercialization
(if any) of any Spiros product may not be successful.
BEFORE WE CAN MARKET ANY SPIROS PRODUCT, WE WILL HAVE TO OBTAIN REQUIRED
GOVERNMENTAL APPROVALS, WHICH IS NOT ASSURED; FAILURE TO OBTAIN SUCH
APPROVALS WOULD HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS. The development,
testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products are subject
to extensive regulation by governmental authorities, including the FDA. Each
Spiros product will have to obtain approval from the FDA before that product
can be manufactured or marketed. The review and approval process mandated by
the FDA is very rigorous, requiring extensive preclinical and clinical
testing as well determining manufacturing capability and product performance.
None of the products currently in development by Dura or in collaboration
with third parties may ever be approved by the FDA. Failure to obtain such
approvals would have an adverse effect on our business and results of
operations.
OUR REGULATORY APPLICATION SUBMITTED TO THE FDA FOR ALBUTEROL SPIROS-TM- WILL
NOT BE APPROVED WITHOUT ADDITIONAL CLINICAL TRIALS, WHICH WILL DELAY THE
COMMERCIALIZATION OF ALBUTEROL SPIROS. On November 4, 1998 Dura and Spiros
Corp. II announced the receipt of a complete response letter from the FDA.
The letter indicated that the new drug application submitted by Dura on
behalf of Spiros Corp. II for Albuterol Spiros will not be approved unless
certain deficiencies are addressed. The FDA requested that additional
clinical trials on the Spiros inhaler be completed to ensure the inhaler is
reliable and to replicate clinical outcomes of the initial trials. The FDA
also requested that several chemistry, manufacturing and control issues, as
well as certain electromechanical reliability issues be resolved. As a result
of a series of meetings with the FDA, Dura and Spiros Corp. II have
determined the requirements to address these issues to support the
resubmission of the new drug application for Albuterol Spiros. Dura, on
behalf of Spiros Corp. II, expects to initiate clinical trials for both
Albuterol Spiros and Beclomethasone Spiros-TM- in the fourth quarter of 1999
and to commercialize these products in 2001, pending successful development
and FDA approval. We cannot predict or assure the successful outcome of
additional trials to support the resubmission of the new drug application, or
if the FDA will ever approve this new drug application.
WE WILL NEED TO SIGNIFICANTLY EXPAND OUR MANUFACTURING CAPABILITY AND COMPLY
WITH GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS BEFORE WE CAN MANUFACTURE OUR SPIROS PRODUCT. We
will need to significantly expand our current manufacturing operations and
comply with current good manufacturing practices and other regulations
prescribed by various regulatory agencies in the U.S. and other countries to
achieve the quality and required levels of production of such products to
obtain marketing approval. In addition, our manufacturing facility must be
registered with and licensed by various regulatory authorities and must
comply with current good manufacturing practice requirements prescribed by
the FDA and the State of California. We intend to utilize third parties to
produce components of and assemble the Spiros inhaler. Such third parties
have only produced limited quantities of components and assembled limited
numbers of inhalers. These third parties will be required to significantly
scale up their activities and to produce components which meet applicable
specifications on a timely and consistent basis. Such third parties may
11
not be successful in attaining acceptable service levels or meeting
regulatory requirements which would have an adverse effect on our ability to
commercialize the Spiros products.
WE INTEND TO CONTINUE TO PURSUE OUR STRATEGY OF ACQUIRING COMPLEMENTARY
PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES WHICH COULD RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT CHARGES TO
EARNINGS AND REQUIRE THE USE OF CAPITAL RESOURCES. As part of our business
strategy, we intend to continue to pursue the acquisition of complementary
product rights and technologies. Such acquisitions could result in
significant charges to earnings as well as require the use of a large amount
of our available capital resources. Depending on the acquisition
opportunities available and our use of existing funds to fund existing
capital and operating needs, Dura may need to raise additional funds to
finance such transactions. If adequate funds are not available when needed on
terms acceptable to us, our ability to complete acquisitions could be
limited. Further, there can be no assurance that reimbursement will be
available to enable us to achieve market acceptance of our products or to
maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our
investment in product acquisition, in-licensing and development.
THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IS EXTREMELY COMPETITIVE. Many companies,
including large pharmaceutical firms with financial and marketing resources
and development capabilities substantially greater than those of Dura, are
engaged in developing, marketing and selling products that compete with those
offered or planned to be offered by Dura. The selling prices of such products
typically decline as competition increases. Further, other products now in
use or under development by others may be more effective than our current or
future products. The industry is characterized by rapid technological change,
and competitors may develop their products more rapidly than we are able.
Competitors may also be able to complete the regulatory process sooner, and
therefore, may begin to market their products in advance of our products. Our
failure to effectively respond to the competitive pressures of our industry
would have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
WE COMPETE WITH MANY COMPANIES FOR THE ACQUISITION OF PRODUCT RIGHTS; FAILURE
TO ACQUIRE PRODUCT RIGHTS COULD HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS. Our
strategy for growth is dependent, in part, on our ability to continue to
acquire product rights. Other companies, including those with substantially
greater resources, are competing with us for the rights to such products. We
may not be able to acquire, in-license or co-promote additional
pharmaceuticals on acceptable terms, or at all. The failure to acquire,
in-license, co-promote, develop or market commercially successful
pharmaceuticals would have an adverse effect on our ability to achieve our
targeted growth rates.
GROSS MARGINS ON PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS MAY DECREASE AS A RESULT OF A NUMBER
OF FACTORS OUTSIDE OUR CONTROL, WHICH WOULD HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR
BUSINESS. We do not have proprietary protection for several of the products
we sell and substitutes for such products are sold by other pharmaceutical
companies. In addition, the average selling prices for many of our products
may decline over time due to competitive and reimbursement pressures. We may
not be successful in any efforts we take to mitigate the effect of a decline
in average selling prices. Our commercial success will depend in part on the
price that third-party healthcare payors, such as government and private
health insurers and managed care organizations, are willing to pay for our
products. Third-party payors continually challenge the pricing of medical
products and services. Many managed care organizations limit the number of
pharmaceutical products they approve for reimbursement. The competition
between pharmaceutical companies to get their products approved for
reimbursement may also result in downward pricing pressure in the industry.
Any of these factors causing a decline in average selling prices would also
reduce the gross margins we achieve.
ALTERNATIVE SUPPLIERS TO OUR THIRD-PARTY MANUFACTURERS MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE
ON A TIMELY BASIS WHICH WOULD HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS. We do
not have the capability to manufacture the pharmaceutical products we
currently sell. As a result, we are dependent on third-party contract
manufacturers for the supply of our products. These products are supplied
under short-term and long-term supply agreements. If these manufacturers were
unable to supply product, it could be difficult for us to secure alternative
sources of supply in a timely manner. This would impair our ability to ship
product to our customers and could have an adverse effect on our business and
results of operations.
OUR EXERCISE OF THE SPIROS CORP. II STOCK PURCHASE OR PRODUCT OPTIONS MAY
HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS. We have a purchase option with
respect to the outstanding shares of callable common stock of Spiros Corp. II
which expires on December 31, 2002. We may or may not exercise this option.
If we exercise our stock purchase option, we will be required to make a
substantial cash payment or to issue shares of our common stock, or both. A
payment
12
in cash would reduce our capital resources. A payment in shares of our common
stock would result in a decrease in the percentage ownership of our
shareholders at that time and have a dilutive effect on future earnings per
share. If we determine to exercise the stock purchase option, it will likely
require us to record a significant charge to earnings. If we do not exercise
our stock purchase option prior to its expiration in December 2002, our
rights in and to Spiros with respect to certain compounds will terminate.
WE ALSO HOLD OPTIONS TO PURCHASE FROM SPIROS CORP. II CERTAIN RIGHTS TO
ALBUTEROL SPIROS AND RIGHTS TO USE SPIROS WITH AN ADDITIONAL PRODUCT OTHER
THAN ALBUTEROL. We may or may not exercise either of these options. If we
exercise either of our product options, we will need to make a significant
cash payment which could have an adverse effect on our capital resources. Any
such cash payment also may result in a significant charge to our earnings in
the period we exercise the option. We may not have sufficient capital
resources to exercise the product options, which may result in our loss of
valuable rights.
OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN PATENTS AND PROTECT OUR PROPRIETARY RIGHTS IS UNCERTAIN
AND COULD RESULT IN AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS. Our ability to obtain
patents on current or future products or formulations, defend our patents,
maintain trade secrets and operate without infringing upon the proprietary
rights of others both in the U.S. and abroad is uncertain. Patents may never
issue. Even if issued or licensed to us, patents may not be enforceable,
provide substantial protection from competition or be of commercial benefit
to Dura. Even if all these are true, we may not possess the financial
resources necessary to enforce or defend any of our patent rights. Our
commercial success will also depend upon avoiding the infringement of patents
issued to competitors and upon maintaining the technology licenses upon which
certain of our products are based. Litigation, which is costly, may be
necessary to enforce our patent and license rights or to determine the scope
and validity of proprietary rights of third parties. If any of our products
are found to infringe upon patents or other rights owned by third parties, we
could be required to obtain a license to continue to manufacture or market
such products. Licenses to such patent rights may not be available to us on
commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If we do not obtain such licenses,
we could encounter delays in marketing affected products or we could find
that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses
is not possible.
OUR STOCK PRICE IS VOLATILE. The market prices for securities of emerging
companies, including ours, have historically been highly volatile. Future
announcements concerning us or our competitors may have a significant impact
on the market price of our common stock. Such announcements might include (1)
financial results, (2) the results of clinical testing of our or our
competitors' products, (3) regulatory developments, (4) technological
innovations, (5) new commercial products, (6) changes to government
regulations, (7) regulatory decisions on commercialization of products, (8)
developments concerning proprietary rights, (9) litigation or public concern
as to safety of our products or (10) our failure to achieve securities
analysts' expectations concerning our earnings per share or revenues.
WE ARE INVOLVED IN CERTAIN LAWSUITS AND CANNOT PREDICT THEIR OUTCOME. We are
involved n certain lawsuits as described in note 14 of the notes to
consolidated financial statements. The outcome of these lawsuits and any
other suits we may become involved in cannot be predicted. An adverse outcome
could have an adverse effect on our business or results of operations.
SEASONALITY AND THE TIMING AND SEVERITY OF THE WINTER COLD AND FLU SEASON CAN
HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR OPERATING RESULTS. Historically, as a result of
the winter cold and flu season, industry-wide demand for respiratory products
has been stronger in the first and fourth quarters than in the second and
third quarters of the year. In addition, variations in the timing and
severity of the winter cold and flu season have influenced our results of
operations in the past. Our recent product acquisitions, especially
Ceclor-Registered Trademark- CD, which is used to treat respiratory
infections, increase the impact of seasonality on our results of operations.
A PROPOSED NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARD MAY REQUIRE US TO CONSOLIDATE SPIROS CORP.
II WHICH WOULD HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS. In February 1999, the
Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an exposure draft of a proposed
new statement of financial accounting standards entitled "Consolidated
Financial Statements: Purpose and Policy." This proposed standard, if
adopted, would modify existing standards which govern when entities should be
consolidated. During its exposure period, interested parties have the
opportunity to comment on the proposed changes and these comments will be
considered prior to issuing the standard in its final form, if one is issued
at all.
13
If adopted as initially proposed, this standard may require us to consolidate
Spiros Corp. II into our financial statements. Such consolidation would have
an adverse effect on our results of operations.
OUR PRODUCTS MAY CAUSE PRODUCT LIABILITY CLAIMS OR NEED TO BE RECALLED,
EITHER OF WHICH WOULD HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS. We face an
inherent business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event
that the use of our technologies or products is alleged to have resulted in
adverse effects. The level or breadth of any insurance coverage we currently
maintain may not be sufficient to fully cover potential claims. Adequate
insurance coverage may not be available in the future at acceptable costs, if
at all.
CERTAIN OF OUR CHARTER AND OTHER CONTRACTUAL PROVISIONS MAY PREVENT A CHANGE
OF CONTROL WHICH COULD BE BENEFICIAL TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS. Certain provisions
of our charter documents, outstanding securities, including certain warrants,
options and our notes, and our shareholder rights plan may have the effect of
delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control. This could deprive you
of an opportunity to receive a premium for your shares of common stock.
WE MAY NOT ADEQUATELY ADDRESS YEAR 2000 ISSUES WHICH COULD HAVE AN ADVERSE
EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS. We are currently evaluating certain of our systems to
assess whether they are year 2000 compliant or, if not, whether the systems
will be impacted by the change in year. We will not be able to assess what,
if any, remediation to these systems will be necessary until the evaluation
phase is complete. We have not yet completed our audit of the compliance
efforts of our significant suppliers, customers and key business partners to
determine the extent to which our business may be affected if these parties
fail to address their year 2000 issues. We estimate that the aggregate costs
of our year 2000 program will be less than $1 million, including costs
incurred to date. There can be no guarantee that these estimates will be
achieved and actual results could differ materially from those plans. Our
failure to adequately address our year 2000 risks would have an adverse
effect on our business and results of operations. For a more complete
description of the initiatives we have implemented with respect to the year
2000 issue, please see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations."
14
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We own and occupy our campus in San Diego, California consisting of (1) a
77,000 square foot headquarters facility and (2) a 155,000 square foot
facility, which we completed in January 1999, to be used for research and
development purposes. We own two other buildings that are situated on another
parcel of land near our headquarters. One building, consisting of
approximately 34,000 square feet, is partially occupied and is being used for
manufacturing purposes. The second building, consisting of approximately
49,000 square feet, contains our manufacturing facility that will be used to
formulate, mill, blend and fill drugs to be used with Spiros and is also used
for warehouse space. We also occupy an additional 54,000 square feet of
office and laboratory space under a short-term lease.
We also lease approximately 21,660 square feet of space in Denver, Colorado,
which houses the operations of Health Script's mail service pharmacy. The lease
term expires in January 2003.
We consider our facilities adequate for our current needs and believe that
additional space can be obtained in the future, if necessary.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
TERMINATION OF MERGER AGREEMENT WITH SCANDIPHARM, INC. - On December 1, 1997,
Dura terminated a merger agreement with Scandipharm, Inc. ("Scandipharm")
entered into on October 20, 1997. On January 16, 1998, Scandipharm filed suit
against us for breach of contract. On January 20, 1998, we filed suit against
Scandipharm seeking a declaratory judgment that our termination of the merger
agreement did not breach the agreement and for damages against Scandipharm. We
believe that we had the right to terminate the merger agreement, that
Scandipharm's claims in its lawsuit and its claims for damages are without
merit, and the outcome of this matter will not have a material adverse effect on
our financial condition or operations.
SHAREHOLDER CLASS ACTION LITIGATION - In January and February 1999, several
class action suits were filed against Dura, various current or former
officers and directors, and one of our investment bankers in the United
States District Court for the Southern District of California. The lawsuits
allege violations of the federal securities laws, and all but one suit
purport to seek damages on behalf of a class of shareholders who purchased
Dura common stock during the period of April 15, 1997 through February 24,
1998. The remaining action relates to a class of shareholders who purchased
Dura common stock during the period of March 31, 1997 through February 24,
1998. The lawsuits are in the process of being voluntarily consolidated into
a single action. We believe that the lawsuits are without merit and intend to
defend against them vigorously.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
15
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND
RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"DURA." The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices of Dura's
common stock as reported on Nasdaq, without retail mark-up, mark-down or
commissions, during each quarter in 1996, 1997 and 1998:
High Low
---- ---
1996
First quarter $26.375 $16.75
Second quarter $24.50 $23.688
Third quarter $40.00 $21.375
Fourth quarter $47.75 $31.50
1997
First quarter $44.625 $33.625
Second quarter $43.25 $25.00
Third quarter $44.75 $33.375
Fourth quarter $52.875 $43.25
1998
First quarter $47.50 $23.375
Second quarter $28.50 $21.688
Third quarter $26.75 $10.438
Fourth quarter $15.188 $ 8.188
On March 15, 1999 the closing price of Dura's common stock was $16.313. At March
22, 1999 there were approximately 620 holders of record of Dura's common stock.
No cash dividends were declared or paid in 1996, 1997, or 1998.
On December 19, 1997, Dura issued 896,606 shares of its common stock which were
not registered pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act").
The shares were issued to the shareholders of Spiros Corp., primarily venture
capital investors, in connection with Dura's acquisition of all of the
outstanding securities of Spiros Corp., a separate, private company. The
purchase price of $45,707,000 consisted of the shares of Dura common stock,
valued at $43,755,000, and a cash payment of $1,952,000. The shares of common
stock were exempt from registration pursuant to section 4(2) of the Act.
On December 31, 1997, Dura issued a warrant to a separate, unaffiliated company,
which was an existing security holder of Dura, to purchase 200,000 shares of its
common stock. Neither the warrant nor the underlying shares of Dura's common
stock were registered pursuant to the Act. The warrant is exercisable through
December 31, 2002 at an exercise price of $45.12 per share of common stock. The
warrant was issued as part of the consideration paid by Dura to terminate a
ten-year royalty agreement which Dura entered into in 1994, in exchange for the
security holder's prior rights to receive certain warrants. No commission was
paid for soliciting such exchange. The warrant was exempt from registration
pursuant to section 3(a)(9) of the Act.
16
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
Fiscal Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA (1)
Total Revenues $ 32,680 $ 51,502 $ 104,119 $ 181,323 $ 199,152
Net Income (Loss) (2) $ 1,936 $ (35,778) $ 24,328 $ (84,692) $ 2,733
Net Income (Loss) Per Share (2):
Basic $ 0.12 $ (1.53) $ 0.68 $ (1.93) $ 0.06
Diluted $ 0.10 $ (1.53) $ 0.60 $ (1.93) $ 0.06
BALANCE SHEET DATA (1)
Cash, Cash Equivalents and
Short-Term Investments $ 36,026 $ 67,820 $ 240,345 $ 385,221 $ 269,412
Working Capital $ 36,506 $ 59,105 $ 219,864 $ 392,870 $ 240,797
Total Assets $ 56,072 $ 143,997 $ 504,670 $ 774,880 $ 825,459
Long-Term Obligations $ 2,780 $ 15,427 $ 6,670 $ 297,064 $ 352,839
Shareholders' Equity $ 48,537 $ 109,097 $ 443,577 $ 429,277 $ 410,372
(1) Selected Financial Data reflect various product rights and company
acquisitions, including Health Script (1995), the Entex-Registered
Trademark- product line, Ceclor-Registered Trademark- CD and
Keftab-Registered Trademark- (1996), Nasarel-Registered Trademark- and
Nasalide-Registered Trademark- (1997), and Myambutol-Registered
Trademark- (1998). See Notes 5 and 13 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
(2) In 1995, 1997 and 1998, Dura incurred charges for acquired in-process
technology, purchase options and other nonrecurring items totaling
$43.8 million, $137.7 million and $29.3 million, respectively. In
addition, the nonrecurring consolidation of DJ Pharma, Inc.'s
operations in 1998 reduced net income by $4.9 million. If these charges
were excluded, Dura would have reported net income of $8.0 million, or
$0.34 per share (basic) and $0.28 per share (diluted) for 1995, net
income of $47.4 million, or $1.08 per share (basic) and $0.99 per share
(diluted) for 1997, and net income of $25.5 million, or $0.55 per share
(basic) and $0.53 per share (diluted) for 1998.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The following comments should be read in conjunction with the consolidated
financial statements and notes contained elsewhere in this annual report. See
"Risks and Uncertainties" for trends and uncertainties known to us that could
cause reported financial information not to be necessarily indicative of future
results.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
During 1998, we made significant acquisitions of product rights and licenses.
On December 31, 1998, we acquired exclusive U.S. distribution rights for the
patented hospital antibiotic products Maxipime-Registered Trademark-
(cefepime hydrochloride) for Injection and Azactam-Registered Trademark-
(aztreonam) for Injection from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. In August 1998,
we acquired from an affiliate of American Home Products exclusive U.S.
marketing rights to the single-source tuberculosis drug Myambutol-Registered
Trademark- (ethambutol hydochloride). The acquisitions of rights to these
products materially affected our financial position and are expected to
materially affect our future operations.
On November 4, 1998, Dura and Spiros Development Corporation II ("Spiros
Corp. II") announced the receipt of a complete response letter from the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"). The letter indicated that the new drug
application ("NDA") submitted by Dura on behalf of Spiros Corp. II for
Albuterol Spiros-Trademark- will not be
17
approved unless we address certain deficiencies. Albuterol Spiros delivers
albuterol through our Spiros-Registered Trademark- system. The FDA requested
that we complete additional clinical trials on the Spiros system to ensure
the system is reliable and to replicate certain clinical outcomes of the
initial trials. The FDA also requested that several chemistry, manufacturing,
and control issues, as well as certain electromechanical reliability issues,
be resolved. As a result of a series of meetings with the FDA, Dura and
Spiros Corp. II have determined the requirements to address these issues to
support the resubmission of the NDA for Albuterol Spiros. Dura, on behalf of
Spiros Corp. II, expects to initiate clinical trials for both Albuterol
Spiros and Beclomethasone Spiros-Trademark- in the fourth quarter of 1999
and to commercialize these products in 2001, pending successful development
and FDA approval.
On September 23, 1998, we announced our agreement with Eli Lilly and Company
("Lilly") to develop pulmonary delivery technology for insulin. The product
under development is based on our proprietary Spiros system for proteins and
peptides. Under the terms of the agreement, we received an up-front payment and
will receive funding for research as well as additional payments if defined
milestones are achieved. In addition, we will receive royalties and
manufacturing payments on products, if any, that reach the market. Lilly has
worldwide commercialization rights for any inhaled insulin products that result
from the collaboration.
On July 28, 1998, we entered into a series of agreements with a newly-formed,
privately held company, DJ Pharma, Inc. ("DJ Pharma"), for the co-promotion of
our Keftab-Registered Trademark- (cephalexin hydrochloride), Rondec-Registered
Trademark-, and certain cough, cold and allergy product lines. DJ Pharma also
received from us an option to license the exclusive U.S. marketing and
distribution rights to these products, which it exercised on October 1, 1998.
The marketing and distribution of these products represented DJ Pharma's sole
business activity through December 31, 1998. We provided DJ Pharma with $5
million in financing in the form of an interest-bearing promissory note, which
represented DJ Pharma's sole source of capital until it completed an independent
private equity offering in January 1999. As DJ Pharma had not secured financing
independent of Dura as of December 31, 1998, the accounts of DJ Pharma have been
included in our 1998 consolidated financial statements. The combination of DJ
Pharma into our 1998 financial statements reduced net income by $4.9 million, or
$0.10 per diluted share.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 ("1998") AS COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1997 ("1997")
Total revenues in 1998 were $199.2 million, an increase of $17.8 million, or
10%, over 1997. Net income for 1998 was $2.7 million, or $0.06 per diluted share
and includes the impact of a nonrecurring charge in the fourth quarter totaling
$29.3 million for the write-down of product rights whose values we deemed
impaired, as well as the impact of consolidating DJ Pharma. Excluding these
nonrecurring items, we would have reported net income in 1998 of $25.5 million,
or $0.53 per diluted share. Other factors causing these results are discussed
below.
Pharmaceutical sales in 1998 were $136.2 million, a decrease of $14.3 million,
or 9%, from 1997. This decrease is primarily due to a decline in sales of
certain of our cough, cold and allergy products resulting from lower
prescription volume for such products, partially offset by an increase in sales
of Myambutol, acquired in August 1998.
Gross profit (pharmaceutical sales less cost of sales) for 1998 was $106.9
million, a decrease of $11.5 million, or 10%, as compared to 1997. This decrease
is due to the decrease in pharmaceutical sales discussed above. Gross profit as
a percentage of sales was 79% for 1998 and 1997.
Contract revenue relates primarily to amounts received by us for the development
of our Spiros system. Pursuant to agreements with several companies, we conduct
feasibility testing and development work on various compounds for use with
Spiros. Contract revenues include payment for feasibility and development work
performed by us as well as milestone and technology access payments. Contract
revenue for 1998 was $63 million, an increase of $32.1 million, or 104%, over
1997. This increase is due to increased development activity conducted on behalf
of Spiros Corp. II and Lilly. Contract revenue from Spiros-related development
and feasibility agreements for 1998 totaled $62.3 million as compared to $29.5
million for 1997, including $47.8 million from Spiros Corp. II for 1998 as
compared to $25.9 million from Spiros Development Corporation ("Spiros Corp.")
and Spiros Corp. II for 1997. Contract revenue may fluctuate from period to
period based on the level of research funding as well as the achievement of
milestones and receipt of technology access payments from partners.
18
Clinical, development and regulatory expenses for 1998 were $43.9 million, an
increase of $18.6 million, or 74%, over 1997. The increase reflects
additional expenses incurred by us under feasibility and development
agreements covering the use of various compounds with Spiros as discussed
above.
Selling, general and administrative expenses for 1998 were $104.1 million, an
increase of $39.8 million, or 62%, over 1997. These expenses increased as a
percentage of total revenues to 52% for 1998 as compared to 35% for 1997. The
dollar and percentage increases are primarily due to increased costs incurred to
support our sales and contract revenue, including costs to expand our sales
force from 270 to approximately 400 representatives (increase of $27.6 million),
amortization of newly acquired product rights (increase of $1.2 million) and
increases in operating costs related to general corporate activities (increase
of $4.2 million). In addition, the combination of DJ Pharma into our 1998
financial statements increased our selling, general and administrative expenses
by $6 million.
Interest income for 1998 was $21.8 million, an increase of $3.8 million, or 21%,
as compared to 1997. The increase is due to higher balances of cash and
short-term investments during 1998 resulting primarily from the investment of
the net proceeds of our notes offering completed in the third quarter of 1997
(see "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for a more detailed discussion of
the notes offering).
Interest expense for 1998 was $12.1 million, an increase of $6.2 million, or
107%, as compared to the same period in 1997. The increase is due to interest
expense on our notes offering completed in the third quarter of 1997.
During 1998, we recorded a tax benefit of $907,000 on pre-tax income of $1.8
million. The primary reason for recognizing a tax benefit in spite of
achieving pre-tax earnings is the availability of federal research and
development and other tax credits. We anticipate that our effective tax rate
in future years will approximate the 34% rate provided for in 1997 excluding
the impact of nonrecurring charges.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 ("1997") AS COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1996 ("1996")
Total revenues in 1997 were $181.3 million, an increase of $77.2 million, or
74%, over 1996. However, we incurred a net loss in 1997 of $84.7 million, or
$1.93 per share (basic and diluted), due to nonrecurring charges in the fourth
quarter totaling $137.6 million, of which $121 million related to our Spiros
system consisting of a $46 million noncash charge for in-process technology
acquired in connection with our acquisition of Spiros Corp. and a $75 million
purchase option charge resulting from the cash contribution to Spiros Corp. II.
In December 1997, we terminated a ten-year royalty agreement, which we entered
into in 1994, resulting in an additional nonrecurring charge of $13.8 million
for the consideration paid by us to terminate the agreement. Finally, in the
fourth quarter of 1997, we concluded that the value of a long-term investment
was impaired and, accordingly, wrote down the investment to its estimated fair
value, resulting in a nonrecurring charge of $2.8 million. If these nonrecurring
charges were excluded, we would have reported net income in 1997 of $47.4
million, or $1.08 per share (basic) and $0.99 per share (diluted).
Pharmaceutical sales in 1997 were $150.5 million, an increase of $70.9 million,
or 89%, over 1996. This increase is due primarily to the acquisition of the
Entex-Registered Trademark- products, Ceclor-Registered Trademark- CD (cefaclor
extended release tablets), and Keftab-Registered Trademark- in 1996 and
Nasarel-Registered Trademark- and Nasalide-Registered Trademark- (flunisolide)
Nasal Solutions 0.025% in 1997, which resulted in an increase in 1997
pharmaceutical sales of $65.1 million.
Gross profit for 1997 was $118.4 million, an increase of $60.1 million, or 103%,
as compared to 1996. Gross profit as a percentage of sales for 1997 was 79% as
compared to 73% for 1996. These increases are due primarily to higher average
gross margins earned on sales of the Entex products, Ceclor CD, Keftab, Nasarel
and Nasalide, as compared to the average gross margins earned on our other
products.
Contract revenue for 1997 was $30.8 million, an increase of $6.3 million, or
26%, over 1996. This increase is due to increased development activity conducted
on behalf of Spiros Corp. and Spiros Corp. II. Contract revenue from
Spiros-related development and feasibility agreements for 1997 totaled $29.5
million as compared to $21.2 million for 1996, including $25.9 million from
Spiros Corp. and Spiros Corp. II for 1997 as compared to $19.1 million from
Spiros Corp. for 1996.
Clinical, development and regulatory expenses for 1997 were $25.3 million, an
increase of $6.7 million, or 36%, over 1996. The increase reflects additional
expenses incurred by us under feasibility and development agreements covering
the use of various compounds with Spiros.
19
Selling, general and administrative expenses for 1997 were $64.3 million, an
increase of $21.7 million, or 51%, over 1996 and decreased as a percentage of
total revenues to 35% for 1997 as compared to 41% for 1996. The dollar
increase is primarily due to increased costs incurred to support our sales
and contract revenue growth, including selling costs to expand our sales
force (increase of $12.2 million), higher marketing costs related to the
newly-acquired products (increase of $1.6 million), and amortization of
newly-acquired product rights (increase of $6.2 million). The decrease as a
percentage of revenues reflects the growth of pharmaceutical sales due to new
product acquisitions and the growth of contract revenues.
Interest income for 1997 was $18 million, an increase of $11.1 million as
compared to 1996. The increase is primarily due to higher balances of cash and
short-term investments during 1997 resulting from public stock offerings
completed in May and November 1996 and our notes offering completed in the third
quarter of 1997, partially offset by decreases in cash used for product
acquisitions and capital expenditures.
Interest expense for 1997 was $5.8 million as compared to $674,000 for 1996. The
increase is primarily due to interest accrued on our notes issued by us in the
third quarter of 1997.
Excluding the impact of nonrecurring charges, our effective tax rate was 34%
for 1997 as compared to 13% for 1996. This increase is primarily due to the
utilization of net operating loss carryforwards in 1996. Net operating loss
carryforwards available in 1997 relate primarily to tax deductions for stock
options exercised. The related benefit from their utilization has been
credited directly to shareholders' equity.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments decreased by $115.8 million to
$269.4 million at December 31, 1998 from $385.2 million at December 31, 1997.
The decrease resulted primarily from (1) cash used for the purchases of
Myambutol in August 1998 ($33.5 million) and Maxipime and Azactam in December
1998 ($60 million), (2) cash used to repurchase shares of common stock ($27.2
million), and (3) cash used for capital expenditures ($42.2 million), partially
offset by cash generated from operations. Working capital decreased by $152.1
million from $392.9 million at December 31, 1997 to $240.8 million at December
31, 1998.
In the third quarter of 1997, we issued $287.5 million principal amount of notes
due July 15, 2002 with interest payable semiannually at a coupon rate of 3.5%.
The notes are convertible, at the option of the holder, into shares of common
stock at any time prior to maturity or redemption at a conversion price of
$50.635 per share.
In addition to the notes, as of December 31, 1998, we had outstanding an
aggregate of $72.1 million in current and other long-term obligations, of which
$6.8 million is to be paid during the next 12 months. As of December 31, 1998,
additional future contingent obligations existed relating to product
acquisitions. Payments totaling approximately $140 million, estimated based on
historical sales levels of the related products, are contingent upon the levels
of future sales of certain products, and approximately $80 million are
contingent upon the continued absence of competing formulations of certain
products as defined in the respective agreements. Such contingent amounts are
payable through 2004, including approximately $35 million contingently due
within the next 12 months.
We have entered into a loan agreement which provides for the borrowing of up to
$50 million, subject to maintaining certain financial ratios, through May 1,
1999. As of December 31, 1998, no borrowings have been or were outstanding under
this agreement.
We anticipate that our existing capital resources, cash generated from
operations and available bank borrowings will be sufficient to finance our
operations through at least the next 12 months. Product or company acquisitions
or in-licensing opportunities, however, may require significant additional
resources. Such additional resources may not be available when needed or on
terms acceptable to us. We are actively pursuing the acquisition of rights to
products and/or companies which may require the use of substantial capital
resources; however, there are no present agreements or commitments for such
acquisitions.
YEAR 2000
We utilize computer systems throughout our business to carry out our day-to-day
operations. Beginning in 1997, we implemented a program designed to enable our
computer operating systems to process data having dates on or after January 1,
2000. The program assesses our information technology systems as well as
technology systems embedded in our facilities and equipment.
20
The first phase in our year 2000 program was to identify systems with year
2000 exposure. This phase was completed during 1998. Substantially all the
hardware and software comprising our information technology systems were
replaced in 1997 with systems that are year 2000 compliant. Accordingly, no
further evaluation or testing of these systems is required. We are currently
evaluating our other systems to assess whether they are year 2000 compliant
or, if not, whether the systems will be impacted by the change in year. When
the evaluation phase is complete, we will assess if any remediation to these
other systems will be necessary.
We have contacted our significant suppliers, customers, and key business
partners to determine if our business may be affected if these parties fail to
address their year 2000 issues. We intend to monitor the progress made by these
parties and to address any risks arising from their failure to adequately
prepare for the year 2000. In addition, we will test key interfacing data
systems with our business partners to ensure that all measures taken to become
year 2000 compliant are effective.
We are developing a contingency plan to address any year 2000 exposures from
internal and third-party systems that may not be adequately remediated or
replaced. While it is difficult to identify all potential year 2000 exposures,
the greatest risks to us are our inability to receive and process orders from
our customers, and our vendors' inability to supply product inventory. If
necessary, our contingency plan will address these risks by identifying
alternative suppliers, stocking additional inventory, and developing back-up
systems to process sales orders.
We expect to complete our year 2000 evaluation, testing and contingency
planning by June 30, 1999. We estimate that the aggregate costs of our year
2000 program will be less than $1 million, including costs incurred to date.
This estimate excludes the cost of the information technology systems
implemented in 1997 as the implementation was not in response to the year
2000 issue. The majority of the costs are not expected to be incremental
expenses but rather an allocation of existing resources. The estimated
impact, cost, and timing of our year 2000 program are based on our best
estimates using information currently available. These estimates may not be
achieved, and actual results could differ materially from our plans.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We invest our excess cash and short-term investments in U.S. government and
corporate debt securities with high quality credit ratings and maturities of
less than two years. These investments are not held for trading or other
speculative purposes. Changes in interest rates affect the investment
income we earn on our investments and, therefore, impact our cash flows and
results of operations. At December 31, 1998, we had outstanding subordinated
notes totaling $287.5 million which mature in July 2002. The notes have a
fixed interest rate of 3 1/2 percent. Accordingly, while changes in interest
rates may affect the fair market value of the notes, they do not impact our
cash flows or results of operations. As of December 31, 1998, the notes had a
fair market value of $211.3 million. We are not exposed to risks for changes
in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, or any other market
rates.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
See the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements below for a list of the
Financial Statements filed with this Form 10-K.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
21
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
(a) Identification of Directors. The information under the caption "Election of
Directors," appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed on or about April 16,
1999, is incorporated herein by reference.
(b) Identification of Executive Officers. The information under the caption
"Executive Officers," appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed on or about
April 16, 1999, is incorporated herein by reference.
(c) Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. The information under the
caption "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance," appearing in
the Proxy Statement to be filed on or about April 16, 1999, is incorporated
herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information under the heading "Executive Compensation and Other Information"
appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed on or about April 16, 1999, is
incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information under the headings "Principal Stockholders" and "Common Stock
Ownership of Management," appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed on or
about April 16, 1999, is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information under the headings "Election of Directors," "Executive
Compensation and Other Information" and "Certain Relationships and Related
Transactions," appearing in the Proxy Statement to be filed on or about April
16, 1999, is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) 1. INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See attached Index to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(a) 2. INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not required, are not
applicable, or the information is included in the consolidated financial
statements or notes included in this Form 10-K.
22
(a) 3. EXHIBITS
Exhibit No. Description
----------- -----------
12) 3.1 Certificate of Incorporation.
18) 3.2 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation,
effective May 21, 1998.
18) 3.3 Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating
Preferred Stock.
12) 3.4 Bylaws.
19) 4.1 Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
13) 4.2 Indenture, including form of Note, dated July 30, 1997,
between the Company and Chase Manhattan Bank and Trust
Company, successor to Chase Trust Company of California, as
trustee, with respect to the 3 1/2% Convertible Subordinated
Notes due 2002.
13) 4.3 Form of 3 1/2% Convertible Subordinated Note (included in
Exhibit 4.2).
14) 4.4 Warrant Agreement dated December 22, 1997 between the Company
and ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C., as warrant
agent, including form of SDCII Warrant.
14) 4.5 Form of SDCII Warrant (included in Exhibit 4.4).
14) 4.6 Specimen Unit Certificate.
3) 4.7 Form of Series W Warrant.
1) 4.8 Form of Series S Warrant.
17) 4.9 Rights Agreement, dated as of May 21, 1998, between the
Company and ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C., which
includes the form of Certificate of Designation for the Series
A Junior Participating Preferred Stock as Exhibit A, the form
of Rights Certificate as Exhibit B and the Summary of Rights
to Purchase Series A Junior Preferred Stock as Exhibit C.
1) 10.1 License Agreement dated June 1, 1990 between the Company and
Mark B. Mecikalski, M.D. (with certain confidential portions
omitted).
13) + 10.2 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each
of its directors.
13) + 10.3 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each
of its officers.
19) + 10.4 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended.
15) + 10.5 Form of Notice of Grant of Stock Option.
15) + 10.6 Form of Stock Option Agreement.
2) + 10.7 Employment letter agreement dated May 7, 1990 between the
Company and Cam L. Garner.
23
4) 10.8 Assignment Agreement dated March 12, 1993 between the Company
and Mark B. Mecikalski, M.D. (with certain confidential
portions omitted).
5) 10.9 Registration Rights Agreement dated April 17, 1994
between the Company and Elan International Services Limited,
as successor in interest.
10) 10.10 Letter Agreement between the Company and Elan International
Services Limited, dated September 3, 1996.
6) 10.11 Technology Access License and Royalty Agreement dated
September 5, 1994 between Elan Corporation, plc and the
Company (with certain confidential portions omitted).
7) 10.12 Investors' Rights Agreement dated December 29, 1995 between
the Company and the investors listed on Schedule A thereto.
8) 10.13 Agreement for Purchase and Sale of Assets dated June 17, 1996
between the Company and Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(with certain confidential portions omitted).
9) 10.14 Licensing Agreement dated August 21, 1996 between the Company
and Eli Lilly and Company (with certain confidential portions
omitted).
10) 10.15 Manufacturing Agreement dated August 21, 1996 between the
Company and Eli Lilly and Company (with certain confidential
portions omitted).
12) 10.16 Business Loan Agreement dated April 14, 1997 between the
Company and Bank of America National Trust and Savings
Association.
11) 10.17 Syntex Asset Purchase Agreement dated March 27, 1997 between
the Company and Syntex (USA), Inc.
11) 10.18 SPIL Asset Purchase Agreement dated March 27, 1997 between the
Company and Syntex Pharmaceuticals International Limited.
13) 10.19 Amendment No. 1 to Business Loan Agreement dated May 8, 1997
between the Company and Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
13) 10.20 Amendment No. 2 to Business Loan Agreement dated July 30, 1997
between the Company and Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
16) 10.21 Amendment No. 3 to Business Loan Agreement dated October 28,
1997 between the Company and Bank of America National Trust
and Savings Association.
16) + 10.22 Deferred Compensation Plan.
14) 10.23 Technology License Agreement dated December 22, 1997 between
the Company, Dura Delivery Systems, Inc., Spiros Development
Corporation and Spiros Development Corporation II, Inc.
14) 10.24 Development Agreement dated December 22, 1997 between the
Company and Spiros Development Corporation II, Inc.
14) 10.25 Albuterol and Product Option Agreement dated December 22, 1997
between the Company and Spiros Development Corporation II,
Inc.
24
14) 10.26 Manufacturing and Marketing Agreement dated December 22, 1997
between the Company and Spiros Development Corporation II,
Inc.
14) 10.27 Services Agreement dated December 22, 1997 between the Company
and Spiros Development Corporation II, Inc.
16) + 10.28 Employment letter agreement dated May 1, 1996 between the
Company and David S. Kabakoff.
19) 10.29 Amendment No. 4 to Business Loan Agreement dated June 25, 1998
between the Company and Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
20) 10.30 Amendment No. 5 to Business Loan Agreement dated October
12, 1998 between the Company and Bank of America National
Trust and Savings Association.
20) 10.31 Amendment No. 6 to Business Loan Agreement dated November 13,
1998 between the Company and Bank of America National Trust
and Savings Association.
20) + 10.32 Employment letter agreement dated July 1, 1998 between the
Company and Robert S. Whitehead.
20) + 10.33 Notice of Grant of Stock Option dated July 10, 1998 between
the Company and Robert S. Whitehead.
21) 10.34 Distribution Agreement for Maxipime-Registered Trademark- and
Azactam-Registered Trademark- between the Company and
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (with certain confidential
portions omitted).
21) 10.35 Supply Agreement for Maxipime-Registered Trademark- and
Azactam-Registered Trademark- between the Company and
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (with certain confidential
portions omitted).
10.36 Amendment No. 7 to Business Loan Agreement dated December 31,
1998 between the Company and Bank of America National Trust
and Savings Association.
11 Statements Re Computations of Net Income (Loss) Per Share.
23 Independent Auditors' Consent.
24 Power of Attorney (See signature page).
27 Financial Data Schedule for the year ended December 31, 1998.
1) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on Form
S-1 (No. 33-44525), filed December 13, 1991, as amended.
2) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1992, as amended.
3) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on Form
S-3 (No. 33-71798), filed December 13, 1993.
4) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1993, as amended.
5) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 1994.
6) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1994, as amended.
7) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K, dated December 29,
1995, as amended.
8) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K, dated July 3, 1996.
9) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K, dated September 5,
1996, as amended.
10) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1996.
11) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K, dated May 7, 1997.
25
12) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 1997.
13) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1997.
14) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K, dated December 19,
1997.
15) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on Form
S-8 (No. 333-34551), filed August 28, 1997.
16) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1997.
17) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K, dated May 21, 1998.
18) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on Form
8-A, filed May 22, 1998.
19) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 1998.
20) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 1998.
21) Incorporated by reference to the Company's Form 8-K, dated January 1, 1999.
+ Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.
(b) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
On January 15, 1999 the Company filed a current report on Form 8-K dated January
1, 1999.
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
No Annual Report to Shareholders or Proxy materials have been sent to
shareholders as of the date of this report. The Annual Report to Shareholders
and Proxy material will be furnished to the Company's shareholders subsequent to
the filing of this report and the Company will furnish such material to the
Securities and Exchange Commission at that time.
26
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form
10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 30, 1999 DURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
-------------------
By: /s/ Cam L. Garner
-----------------------
Cam L. Garner,
Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below
constitutes and appoints Cam L. Garner and Michael T. Borer, or either of them,
as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of
substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all
capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K,
and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in
connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto
said attorneys-in-fact and agents, full power and authority to do and perform
each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection
therewith as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in
person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and
agents, or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done
by virtue hereof.
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K HAS BEEN SIGNED BELOW BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS
ON BEHALF OF THE REGISTRANT AND IN THE CAPACITIES AND ON THE DATES INDICATED.
Signature Title Date
- --------- ----- ----
/s/ Cam L. Garner Chairman and March 30, 1999
- ----------------------------- Chief Executive Officer
(Cam L. Garner) (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ David S. Kabakoff, Ph.D. President, Dura Technologies March 30, 1999
- ----------------------------- and Director
(David S. Kabakoff, Ph.D.)
/s/ Michael T. Borer Senior Vice President and March 30, 1999
- ----------------------------- Chief Financial Officer
(Michael T. Borer) (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ James C. Blair, Ph.D. Director March 30, 1999
- -----------------------------
(James C. Blair, Ph.D.)
/s/ Herbert J. Conrad Director March 30, 1999
- -----------------------------
(Herbert J. Conrad)
/s/ Joseph C. Cook, Jr. Director March 30, 1999
- -----------------------------
(Joseph C. Cook, Jr.)
/s/ David F. Hale Director March 30, 1999
- -----------------------------
(David F. Hale)
/s/ Gordon V. Ramseier Director March 30, 1999
- -----------------------------
(Gordon V. Ramseier)
/s/ Charles G. Smith, Ph.D. Director March 30, 1999
- -----------------------------
(Charles G. Smith, Ph.D.)
27
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Independent Auditors' Report..............................................F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets...............................................F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations.....................................F-3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.....................................F-4
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity...........................F-5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements................................F-6
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Dura
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1998 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
San Diego, California
January 27, 1999
F-1
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1997 1998
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 72,003 $ 31,113
Short-term investments 313,218 238,299
Accounts and other receivables 40,987 24,627
Inventory 15,201 9,006
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current assets 441,409 303,045
License agreements and product rights 250,781 377,250
Property 48,525 85,374
Other assets 34,165 59,790
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 774,880 $ 825,459
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 8,142 $ 8,893
Accrued liabilities 37,599 46,557
Current portion of long-term obligations 2,798 6,798
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current liabilities 48,539 62,248
Convertible subordinated notes 287,500 287,500
Other long-term obligations 9,564 65,339
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities 345,603 415,087
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 5, 7, 8 and 14)
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.001, shares authorized
- 5,000,000; no shares issued or outstanding
Common stock, par value $.001, shares authorized -
100,000,000 (1997); 200,000,000 (1998); issued and
outstanding - 45,608,414 (1997) and 46 44
44,083,652 (1998)
Additional paid-in capital 604,991 607,436
Accumulated other comprehensive income 176 454
Warrant subscriptions receivable (12,252) (9,385)
Accumulated deficit (163,684) (160,951)
Treasury stock, at cost, shares - none (1997) and
2,327,500 (1998) (27,226)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total shareholders' equity 429,277 410,372
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 774,880 $ 825,459
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-2
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenues:
Sales $ 79,563 $ 150,476 $ 136,193
Contract 24,556 30,847 62,959
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total revenues 104,119 181,323 199,152
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of sales 21,301 32,081 29,263
Clinical, development and regulatory 18,540 25,288 43,876
Selling, general and administrative 42,631 64,332 104,090
Charges for acquired in-process technology, purchase
options and other nonrecurring items (Note 12) 137,639 29,332
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total operating costs and expenses 82,472 259,340 206,561
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income (loss) 21,647 (78,017) (7,409)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other:
Interest income 6,897 17,960 21,780
Interest expense (674) (5,816) (12,059)
Other - net (3) (14) (486)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total other 6,220 12,130 9,235
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) before income taxes 27,867 (65,887) 1,826
Provision (benefit) for income taxes 3,539 18,805 (907)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) $ 24,328 $ (84,692) $ 2,733
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic $ 0.68 $ (1.93) $ 0.06
Diluted $ 0.60 $ (1.93) $ 0.06
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic 35,835 43,828 46,028
Diluted 40,479 43,828 47,809
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating activities:
Net income (loss) $ 24,328 $ (84,692) $ 2,733
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 6,317 15,209 20,454
Noncash portion of charges for acquired in-process
technology, purchase options and other 49,146 29,332
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts and other receivables (17,135) (16,040) 16,360
Inventory (4,475) (7,739) 6,195
Other assets (1,023) (5,215) (21,776)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 22,590 35,574 9,956
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities 30,602 (13,757) 63,254
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investing activities:
Purchases of short-term investments (178,901) (381,127) (310,374)
Sales and maturities of short-term investments 111,781 177,367 385,570
Capital expenditures (12,846) (24,079) (42,201)
Product acquisitions (128,621) (76,973) (107,827)
Other (6,864) (1,514) (6,250)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash used for investing activities (215,451) (306,326) (81,082)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financing activities:
Issuance of common stock and warrants - net 307,503 9,310 7,164
Issuance of convertible subordinated notes - net 278,175
Repurchase of common stock (27,226)
Principal payments on long-term obligations (17,107) (26,500) (3,000)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities 290,396 260,985 (23,062)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 105,547 (59,098) (40,890)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 25,554 131,101 72,003
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 131,101 $ 72,003 $ 31,113
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest (net of amounts capitalized) $ 10,790
Income taxes $ 266 $ 6,578 $ 6,430
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DURA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL ACCUMULATED
-------------------- PAID-IN COMPREHENSIVE OTHER COMP.
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL INCOME INCOME
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, January 1, 1996 31,079 $216,514 $ 103
Collections on warrant subscriptions receivable
Sale of common stock 10,225 302,893
Exercise of stock options and warrants 1,880 3,153
Income tax benefit from stock options exercised 2,790
Comprehensive income:
Net income $24,328
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale
short-term investments (141) (141)
-------
Comprehensive income 24,187
-------
-------
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 1996 43,184 525,350 - (38)
Exercise of stock options and warrants 1,527 6,028 $ 1,444
Issuance of par value $.001 common stock in
connection with reincorporation (531,333) 531,333
Issuance of common stock in connection with
the purchase of Spiros Corp. callable common
stock 897 1 43,728
Collections on warrant subscriptions receivable
Issuance of common stock warrants 15,130
Income tax benefit from stock options exercised 13,356
Comprehensive income:
Net loss (84,692)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale
short-term investments 214 214
-------
Comprehensive loss (84,478)
-------
-------
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 1997 45,608 46 604,991 176
Collections on warrant subscriptions receivable
Exercise of stock options and warrants 803 4,306
Repurchase of common stock (2,327) (2)
Income tax benefit from stock options exercised (1,861)
Comprehensive income:
Net income 2,733
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale
short-term investments 278 278
-------
Comprehensive income $ 3,011
-------
-------
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 1998 44,084 $ 44 $ 607,436 $ 454
---------------------------------- --------
---------------------------------- --------
WARRANT
SUBSCRIPTIONS ACCUMULATED TREASURY
RECEIVABLE DEFICIT STOCK TOTAL
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, January 1, 1996 $ (4,200) $ (103,320) $ 109,097
Collections on warrant subscriptions receivable 1,457 1,457
Sale of common stock 302,893
Exercise of stock options and warrants 3,153
Income tax benefit from stock options exercised 2,790
Comprehensive income:
Net income 24,328 24,328
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale
short-term investments (141)
Comprehensive income
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 1996 (2,743) (78,992) - 443,577
Exercise of stock options and warrants 7,472
Issuance of par value $.001 common stock in
connection with reincorporation
Issuance of common stock in connection with
the purchase of Spiros Corp. callable common
stock 43,729
Collections on warrant subscriptions receivable 3,141 3,141
Issuance of common stock warrants (12,650) 2,480
Income tax benefit from stock options exercised 13,356
Comprehensive income:
Net loss (84,692) (84,692)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale
short-term investments 214
Comprehensive loss
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 1997 (12,252) (163,684) - 429,277
Collections on warrant subscriptions receivable 2,867 2,867
Exercise of stock options and warrants 4,306
Repurchase of common stock $ (27,226) (27,228)
Income tax benefit from stock options exercised (1,861)
Comprehensive income:
Net income 2,733 2,733
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale
short-term investments 278
Comprehensive income
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance, December 31, 1998 $ (9,385) $ (160,951) $ (27,226) $ 410,372
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. THE COMPANY AND ITS BUSINESS
ORGANIZATION - Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Dura" or the "Company") develops and
markets prescription pharmaceutical products for the treatment of allergies,
asthma, pneumonia and related respiratory conditions. The Company is focusing
its efforts in the U.S. respiratory market through two major strategies: (1)
acquiring prescription pharmaceuticals and/or businesses developing or marketing
such pharmaceuticals to support its marketing presence in high-prescribing
respiratory physicians' offices and/or the hospital market, and (2) developing a
pulmonary drug delivery system ("Spiros-Registered Trademark-" or "Spiros
system") for both topical and systemic delivery of medications.
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION - The consolidated financial statements include
the accounts of Dura and its wholly owned subsidiaries. In addition, the 1998
financial statements include the accounts of DJ Pharma, Inc. All intercompany
transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Certain
reclassifications have been made to amounts included in the prior years'
financial statements to conform to the presentation for the year ended
December 31, 1998.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
GENERAL - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial
statements and related notes. Changes in those estimates may affect amounts
reported in future periods.
CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS - The Company considers cash
equivalents to include only highly liquid securities with an original maturity
of three months or less. Investments with an original maturity of more than
three months are considered short-term investments and have been classified by
management as available-for-sale. Such investments are carried at fair value,
with unrealized gains and losses included with accumulated other comprehensive
income as a separate component of shareholders' equity.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK - The Company invests its excess cash in U.S.
government securities and debt instruments of financial institutions and
corporations with strong credit ratings. The Company has established guidelines
to diversify its cash investments and their maturities which are designed to
maintain safety and liquidity. These guidelines are periodically reviewed and
modified to take advantage of trends in yields and interest rates. The Company
has not experienced any significant losses on its cash equivalents or short-term
investments.
The Company extends credit on an uncollateralized basis primarily to wholesale
drug distributors and retail pharmacy chains throughout the United States.
Historically, the Company has not experienced significant credit losses on its
customer accounts.
INVENTORY - Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out
method) or market and is comprised primarily of finished goods and samples.
PROPERTY - Property is stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line
method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Description Lives
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Buildings 7-40 years
Machinery and equipment 2-10 years
Furniture and fixtures 5-7 years
LICENSE AGREEMENTS AND PRODUCT RIGHTS - The cost of license fees and product
rights are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the periods
estimated to be benefited, ranging from 10 to 25 years. Amortization of
capitalized license fees and product rights payments are included in selling,
general and administrative expenses in
F-6
the consolidated statements of operations and totaled $4.4 million, $10.6
million and $12.7 million in 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
EVALUATION OF LICENSE AGREEMENTS, PRODUCT RIGHTS AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
- - The Company continually evaluates the carrying value of the unamortized
balances of license agreements, product rights and other intangible assets to
determine whether any impairment of these assets has occurred or whether any
revision to the related amortization periods should be made. This evaluation
is based on management's projections of the undiscounted future cash flows
associated with each product or underlying business. If management's
evaluation were to indicate that the carrying values of these intangible
assets were impaired, such impairment would be recognized by a write down of
the applicable asset (see Note 12).
In connection with the acquisition of certain product rights and licenses, the
Company made initial payments at the closing of the related transactions and is
required to make additional payments, the amount of which is contingent upon
future events. Such payments, if any, are recorded by the Company as adjustments
to the cost of the product rights as of the date the contingency is resolved.
REVENUE RECOGNITION - Revenues from product sales are recognized upon shipment,
net of allowances for returns, rebates and chargebacks. The Company is obligated
to accept from customers the return of pharmaceuticals which have reached their
expiration date. Contract revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the
performance requirements of the contract. Payments received in advance of
performance are recorded as deferred revenue.
CLINICAL, DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATORY EXPENSES - Clinical, development and
regulatory costs are expensed as incurred.
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE - As required by Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards ("SFAS") No. 128, "Earnings Per Share," the Company has presented
basic and diluted earnings per share amounts. Basic earnings per share is
calculated based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the
year, while diluted earnings per share also gives effect to all potential
dilutive common shares outstanding during each year such as options, warrants,
convertible securities and contingently issuable shares. The Company incurred a
net loss in 1997 and, as such, the weighted average number of shares used for
diluted earnings per share do not include potential dilutive common shares as
their inclusion would be antidilutive.
ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - As permitted by SFAS No. 123,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," the Company accounts for costs of
stock-based compensation in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion
No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and, accordingly, discloses
the pro forma effect on net income (loss) and related per share amounts using
the fair value-based method to account for its stock-based compensation (see
Note 10).
REPORTING COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - In January 1998, the Company adopted SFAS 130,
"Reporting Comprehensive Income." SFAS 130 requires reporting and displaying
comprehensive income and its components which, for Dura, includes net income and
unrealized gains and losses on investments. In accordance with SFAS 130, the
accumulated balance of other comprehensive income is disclosed as a separate
component of shareholders' equity.
SEGMENT REPORTING - In 1998, the Company adopted SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures
about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," which revises
reporting requirements and definitions for segments of business operations. SFAS
131 establishes standards for the reporting of information about operating
segments and requires related disclosures about products and services,
geographic areas and major customers. Segment information for all periods has
been presented to conform to SFAS 131 requirements (see Note 15).
3. DJ PHARMA, INC.
On July 28, 1998, the Company entered into a series of agreements with a
newly-formed, privately held company, DJ Pharma, Inc. ("DJ Pharma"), for the
co-promotion of the Company's Keftab-Registered Trademark- (cephalexin
hydrochloride), Rondec-Registered Trademark-, and certain cough, cold and
allergy product lines. DJ Pharma also received an option to license from the
Company the exclusive U.S. marketing and distribution rights to these
products which it exercised on October 1, 1998. The
F-7
book value of these product rights was $18.8 million as of December 31, 1998.
The marketing and distribution of these products represented DJ Pharma's sole
business activity through December 31, 1998. In exchange for the licensing of
the products, Dura received interest-bearing notes receivable totaling $20
million and will receive a percentage of the sales of such products by DJ
Pharma over a four-year period. Up to $8 million of the notes is subject to
forgiveness in the event that the licensed cough, cold and allergy products
cannot be sold on a prescription-only basis through December 31, 2006.
In July 1998, the Company provided DJ Pharma with $5 million in financing in the
form of an interest-bearing promissory note, which represented DJ Pharma's sole
source of capital until it completed an independent private equity offering in
January 1999. Through this offering, DJ Pharma raised $25 million, including
$3.6 million from the Company. Subsequent to the offering, Dura holds
approximately 10 percent of DJ Pharma's outstanding voting securities.
As DJ Pharma had not secured financing independent of the Company's $5 million
loan as of December 31, 1998, the accounts of DJ Pharma have been included in
the Company's 1998 consolidated financial statements. All transactions between
the Company and DJ Pharma have been eliminated. Accordingly, the licensing of
product rights to DJ Pharma discussed above is not reflected in the accompanying
financial statements but will be recorded by the Company in January 1999. No
gain or loss is expected to be recorded on the licensing of these product
rights. The primary effect of including DJ Pharma's activity in the Company's
1998 financial statements was to increase selling, general and administrative
expenses by $6 million and to reduce net income by $4.9 million ($0.10 per
diluted share).
4. SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The following is a summary of short-term investments as of December 31, 1997
and 1998 (in thousands):
UNREALIZED ESTIMATED
COST GAINS/(LOSSES) FAIR VALUE
December 31, 1997:
U.S. government securities $154,126 $ 217 $154,343
U.S. corporate debt securities 158,916 (41) 158,875
-------- -------- --------
Total $313,042 $ 176 $313,218
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
December 31, 1998:
U.S. government securities $ 60,818 $ 142 $ 60,960
U.S. corporate debt securities 177,027 312 177,339
-------- -------- --------
Total $237,845 $ 454 $238,299
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
F-8
The following is a summary of the amortized cost and estimated fair value of
short-term investments by contractual maturity at December 31, 1998 (in
thousands):
ESTIMATED
COST FAIR VALUE
Due in one year or less $206,534 $206,878
Due after one year through two years 31,311 31,421
-------- --------
Total $237,845 $238,299
-------- --------
-------- --------
5. LICENSE AGREEMENTS AND PRODUCT RIGHTS
The Company has entered into agreements to acquire or in-license various
prescription pharmaceuticals. The following is a summary of license
agreements and product rights as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 (in thousands):
AMORTIZATION
1997 1998 PERIOD
Products - at cost:
Maxipime/Azactam $113,909 25 years
Keftab/Ceclor CD $100,065 100,065 25 years
Nasarel/Nasalide 75,298 85,298 25 years
Entex products 44,655 44,655 15 years
Myambutol 44,584 20 years
Other 47,365 13,735 10-25 years
-------- --------
267,383 402,246
Less accumulated amortization (16,602) (24,996) *
-------- --------
License agreements and product rights $250,781 $377,250
-------- --------
-------- --------
MAXIPIME-Registered Trademark-/AZACTAM-Registered Trademark- - On December
31, 1998, the Company acquired from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company ("BMS") the
exclusive U.S. distribution rights for the patented hospital antibiotic
products Maxipime (cefepime hydrochloride) for Injection and Azactam
(aztreonam) for Injection. The purchase price consisted of $60 million paid
in cash at closing, payments totaling $4 million due in 1999 and a payment of
$70 million due in 2003, plus additional contingent payments due from 1999
through 2003 based on sales of Maxipime and Azactam during that period. Based
on historical sales data, the Company estimates that such future payments
could approximate $90 million.
KEFTAB/CECLOR-Registered Trademark- CD - On September 5, 1996, the Company
acquired from Eli Lilly and Company exclusive U.S. marketing rights to the
patented antibiotics Keftab and Ceclor CD (cefaclor extended release
tablets). The purchase price consisted of $100 million paid in cash at
closing. Additional future contingent payments of $15 million per year
starting in 1999 and ending in 2003 are subject to Ceclor CD remaining
available by prescription only with no competitive products, as defined in
the licensing agreement. See Note 3 for discussion of the January 1999
licensing of Keftab rights to DJ Pharma.
NASAREL-Registered Trademark-/NASALIDE-Registered Trademark- - On May 7, 1997,
the Company acquired from Syntex (USA), Inc. and other members of the Roche
Group exclusive U.S. rights to the intranasal steroid products Nasarel and
Nasalide (flunisolide) Nasal Solutions 0.025% for $70 million, which was paid at
closing. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, contingent payments totaling $5
million in 1997 and $10 million in 1998 were made as the products remained
without a competing nasal formulation of flunisolide.
F-9
ENTEX-Registered Trademark- PRODUCTS - On July 3, 1996, the Company acquired
from Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc. the worldwide rights to the Entex
products, consisting of four prescription upper respiratory drugs. The
purchase price of $45 million in cash consisted of $25 million paid at
closing and $20 million paid on July 3, 1997.
MYAMBUTOL-Registered Trademark- - On August 3, 1998, the Company acquired from
an affiliate of American Home Products exclusive U.S. marketing rights to the
single-source tuberculosis drug Myambutol. The purchase price consisted of a
$33.5 million cash payment made at closing, plus additional payments due through
August 2002 contingent upon the amount of net sales of Myambutol during that
period. Based on historical sales data, the Company estimates that such future
payments could approximate an aggregate of $50 million. Contingent payments
totaling $4.3 million were made in 1998.
6. PROPERTY
The following is a summary of property as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 (in
thousands):
1997 1998
Property - at cost:
Land $ 4,912 $ 4,912
Buildings 13,586 15,882
Machinery and equipment 11,075 26,082
Furniture and fixtures 2,419 3,059
Construction-in-progress 22,228 46,444
------- -------
54,220 96,379
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (5,695) (11,005)
------- -------
Property $48,525 $85,374
------- -------
------- -------
The Company is currently constructing a manufacturing facility that will be used
to formulate, mill, blend and fill drugs to be used with the Company's Spiros
system, pending regulatory approval of Spiros products. Capital expenditures of
$18.7 million relating to the facility are included in construction-in-progress
at December 31, 1998. The Company completed the construction of its new research
and development facility in January 1999. Capital expenditures of $25.5 million
relating to this facility are included in construction-in-progress at December
31, 1998. The Company had open purchase commitments at December 31, 1998
totaling $1.2 million relating to the research and development facility.
7. DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS
The Company has a worldwide license from a private inventor to the Spiros
system. This system uses a device to aerosolize pharmaceuticals in dry powder
formulations for intrapulmonary and intranasal administration. The Company is
required to pay the inventor royalties on future sales, if any, of this device.
The Company has entered into various arrangements with third parties for the
development of Spiros as described below.
SPIROS DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION ("SPIROS CORP.") - On December 29, 1995,
Spiros Corp. completed a $28 million private placement to fund the
development of Spiros for use with certain compounds. The private placement
consisted of 933,334 units at $30.00 per unit. Each unit consisted of one
share of Spiros Corp. callable common stock and a Series S warrant (see Note
9) to purchase 2.4 shares of the Company's common stock. In connection with
the private placement, the Company made a $13 million contribution to Spiros
Corp. In exchange for the Series S warrants and the $13 million contribution,
the Company received the right to purchase all of the Spiros Corp. callable
common stock. Pursuant to a development and management agreement, Spiros
Corp. engaged the Company to develop the Spiros Corp. products and provide
general management services to Spiros Corp. Dura recorded contract revenues
from Spiros Corp. equal to the amounts due from Spiros Corp. for costs and
fees, less a pro rata amount allocated to the Series S warrant subscriptions
receivable. During 1996 and 1997, Dura recorded contract
F-10
revenues under the agreement with Spiros Corp. of $19.1 million and $19.3
million, respectively. On December 19, 1997, the Company purchased all of
Spiros Corp.'s outstanding callable common stock (see Note 13).
SPIROS DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION II, INC. ("SPIROS CORP. II" ) - On December
22, 1997, Spiros Corp. II, completed a $101 million public offering of units
(the "Offering"). Under agreements described below, Spiros Corp. II will use
the net proceeds of $94 million from the Offering and a $75 million
contribution from Dura to develop Spiros and Spiros applications for use with
the drugs albuterol, beclomethasone, ipratropium, albuterol-ipratropium
combination, budesonide and additional designated compounds (the
"Compounds"). The Offering consisted of 6,325,000 units sold at $16.00 per
unit. Each unit consisted of one share of Spiros Corp. II callable common
stock and a warrant (the "SDCII warrants") to purchase one-fourth of one
share of the Company's common stock. The SDCII warrants will be exercisable
from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2002 at an exercise price of $54.84
per share of Dura common stock. In consideration for the SDCII warrants and
the contribution of $75 million to Spiros Corp. II, the Company received the
right ("Stock Purchase Option") through December 31, 2002 to purchase all,
but not less than all, of the then outstanding shares of Spiros Corp. II
callable common stock at predetermined prices. However, the Company is not
obligated to purchase such shares of Spiros Corp. II. The purchase price is
$24.01 per share (an aggregate of $151.9 million) through December 31, 1999
and increases on a quarterly basis thereafter to a maximum of $45.95 per
share (an aggregate of $290.6 million) on December 31, 2002. Such purchase
price may be paid, at the Company's option, in cash, shares of the Company's
common stock, or a combination thereof. In addition, Dura received an option,
through specified dates, to acquire Spiros Corp. II's exclusive rights for
the use of Spiros with albuterol and with a second product other than
albuterol. A purchase option expense of $75 million, representing the cash
contributed to Spiros Corp. II, was recorded in December 1997. In 1997, the
Company also recorded a warrant subscriptions receivable and corresponding
increase in additional paid-in capital of $12.7 million representing the
estimated fair market value of the SDCII warrants. At December 31, 1998, the
Company had a remaining SDCII warrant subscriptions receivable of $9.4
million.
In connection with the Offering, the Company also entered into certain
agreements with Spiros Corp. II which are summarized as follows:
TECHNOLOGY LICENSE AGREEMENT - Under this agreement, the Company
granted to Spiros Corp. II, subject to existing agreements, an
exclusive, worldwide, perpetual, royalty-bearing license to use Spiros
in connection with the Compounds. In consideration for this license,
the Company will receive an annual technology access fee from Spiros
Corp. II equal to the greater of 5% of the net sales of Spiros
products, or $2 million. Such agreement expires upon the exercise or
expiration of the Stock Purchase Option.
ALBUTEROL AND PRODUCT OPTION AGREEMENT - Under this agreement, the
Company has the right to acquire from Spiros Corp. II for specified
time periods the exclusive rights for the use of Spiros with albuterol
and for the use of Spiros with a second product other than albuterol
("Product Options"). The formula for determining the purchase price for
each of the products is set forth in the agreement and is based, in
part, on the costs and expenses incurred by Spiros Corp. II developing
the products.
MANUFACTURING AND MARKETING AGREEMENT - Under this agreement, Spiros
Corp. II granted to the Company an exclusive worldwide license to
manufacture and market the Spiros products in exchange for a royalty of
7% on net product sales, as defined. Such agreement expires upon the
exercise or expiration of the Stock Purchase Option. In the event Dura
exercises its rights under the Product Options, the Manufacturing and
Marketing Agreement will terminate with respect to the related product.
DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT - Under this agreement, Spiros Corp. II has
engaged the Company to develop the Spiros products and provide general
management services to Spiros Corp. II. Dura records contract revenues
equal to the amounts due from Spiros Corp. II for costs and fees less a
pro rata amount allocated to the SDCII warrant subscriptions
receivable.
During 1997 and 1998, Dura recorded contract revenues of $6.6 million and $47.8
million for services provided under the agreements with Spiros Corp. II, for
which Dura had a receivable totaling $8.4 million and $4.6 million at December
31, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
F-11
ELI LILLY AND COMPANY ("LILLY") - On September 23, 1998, the Company
announced its agreement with Lilly to develop pulmonary delivery technology
for insulin. The product under development is based on the Company's Spiros
system for proteins and peptides. Under the terms of the agreement, the
Company received an up-front payment and will receive funding for research as
well as additional payments if defined milestones are achieved. In addition,
the Company will receive royalties and manufacturing payments on products, if
any, that reach the market. Lilly received worldwide commercialization rights
for any resulting inhaled insulin products.
8. CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED NOTES AND OTHER LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS
CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED NOTES - In the third quarter of 1997, the Company
issued $287.5 million principal amount of 3 1/2% Convertible Subordinated Notes
(the "Notes") due July 15, 2002 with interest payable semiannually, commencing
January 15, 1998. The Notes are convertible, at the option of the holder, into
shares of the Company's common stock at any time prior to maturity or redemption
at a conversion price of $50.635 per share, subject to adjustment under certain
conditions. The Company cannot redeem the Notes prior to July 15, 2000.
Thereafter, the Company can redeem the Notes from time to time, in whole or in
part, at specified redemption prices. The Notes are unsecured and subordinated
to all existing and future senior indebtedness of the Company. The indenture
governing the Notes does not restrict the incurrence of senior indebtedness or
other indebtedness by the Company. Based on quoted market prices, the fair value
of the Notes at December 31, 1997 and 1998 was $320.6 million and $211.3
million, respectively.
OTHER LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS - Other long-term obligations include $54.9 million
(net of current portion of $6.8 million) which relates to the acquisition of
license agreements and product rights. Also, as discussed in Note 5, in
connection with the acquisition of certain product rights and licenses, the
Company may be obligated to make additional payments through 2004 for such
products, the amount of which is contingent upon future events. Based on
historical sales information on the products and assuming the other events that
trigger the payment of additional consideration occur, the total of these
contingent payments could approximate $220 million, including approximately $35
million in 1999.
9. CAPITAL STOCK
COMMON STOCK - In May 1998, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to
the Company's Certificate of Incorporation increasing the number of authorized
shares of common stock from 100 million to 200 million.
SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN - In May 1998, the Company adopted a Shareholder Rights
Plan in which Preferred Stock purchase rights ("Rights") were distributed as a
dividend at the rate of one Right for each share of Common Stock held as of the
close of business on June 5, 1998. Each Right entitles stockholders to buy, upon
certain events, one one-thousandth of a share of a new series of junior
participating Preferred Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $175.00.
The Rights are designed to guard against partial tender offers and other abusive
tactics that might be used in an attempt to gain control of the Company or to
deprive stockholders of their interest in the long-term value of the Company.
The Rights are exercisable only if a person or group acquires 15% or more of the
Company's common stock or announces a tender offer of which the consummation
would result in ownership by a person or group of 15% or more of the Company's
common stock. The Rights are redeemable for one cent per Right at the option of
the Board of Directors prior to this event occurring. The Rights expire on June
5, 2008.
TREASURY STOCK - In October 1998, the Board of Directors authorized the Company
to purchase up to $50 million of the Company's common stock. At December 31,
1998, the Company had purchased 2,327,500 shares of its common stock at a cost
of $27.2 million. Purchased shares are available for general corporate purposes.
F-12
COMMON STOCK WARRANTS - The following table summarizes common stock warrants
outstanding at December 31, 1998 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
WARRANTS SHARES COVERED EXERCISE PRICE EXPIRATION
WARRANT DESCRIPTION OUTSTANDING BY WARRANTS PER SHARE DATE
Series W warrants 240 672 $2.38 September 2000
Series S warrants 700 1,680 $19.47 December 2000
SDCII warrants 6,325 1,581 $54.84 December 2002
Other 400 400 $6.48 - $45.12 December 2002
----- -----
Total warrants outstanding 7,665 4,333
----- -----
----- -----
10. STOCK OPTIONS
The Company's 1992 stock option plan (the "Plan") provides for the grant of
options to officers and other key employees of the Company, and to certain
directors, consultants and independent contractors of the Company, to purchase
up to 8,607,360 shares of the Company's common stock. The Plan provides for the
automatic issuance of options to purchase 8,000 and 30,000 shares of the
Company's common stock to non-employee Board members at the date of each annual
shareholders' meeting and upon initial election to the Board of Directors,
respectively. Generally, options are to be granted at prices equal to at least
100% of the fair market value of the stock at the date of grant, expire not
later than ten years from the date of grant and become exercisable ratably over
a four-year period following the date of grant.
The Plan provides that in the event of a corporate transaction, as defined, all
outstanding options shall become fully exercisable immediately prior to the
effective date of such transaction and shall terminate upon such effective date.
The Board of Directors may also grant officers of the Company limited stock
appreciation rights in tandem with their outstanding options. In addition,
limited stock appreciation rights are granted in connection with all automatic
option grants under the Plan. Upon the occurrence of a hostile takeover, as
defined, each outstanding option with such a limited stock appreciation right in
effect for at least six months will automatically be canceled in return for a
cash distribution from the Company in an amount equal to the excess of the
takeover price, as defined, over the aggregate exercise price. As of December
31, 1997 and 1998, options to purchase 212,000 and 264,000 shares of common
stock, respectively, were outstanding with limited stock appreciation rights.
F-13
The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Plan:
SHARES
------------------------------------ WEIGHTED AVERAGE
OPTIONS OPTIONS AVAILABLE EXERCISE PRICE
OUTSTANDING FOR GRANT PER SHARE
Balance, January 1, 1996 3,052,368 130,174 $ 5.89
Options authorized 1,500,000
Options granted 1,339,500 (1,339,500) $ 28.95
Options exercised (953,414) $ 3.20
Options canceled (53,944) 53,944 $ 21.48
---------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1996 3,384,510 344,618 $ 15.52
Options authorized 1,600,000
Options granted 1,935,175 (1,935,175) $ 36.42
Options exercised (745,020) $ 6.40
Options canceled (805,478) 805,478 $ 35.71
---------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1997 3,769,187 814,921 $ 22.67
Options authorized 1,000,000
Options granted 3,458,013 (3,458,013) $ 14.90
Options exercised (310,466) $ 6.55
Options canceled (3,146,620) 3,146,620 $ 30.02
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Balance, December 31, 1998 3,770,114 1,503,528 $ 10.53
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Exercisable, December 31, 1996 1,327,622 $ 6.99
----------
----------
Exercisable, December 31, 1997 1,386,911 $ 12.61
----------
----------
Exercisable, December 31, 1998 1,325,347 $ 10.77
----------
----------
Separately during 1998, the Company granted 192,308 options (5,672
exercisable at December 31, 1998) to a newly-hired executive officer pursuant
to a stock option agreement. The options have an exercise price of $10.31 per
share, vest ratably over a four-year period, and expire ten years from the
date of grant.
F-14
The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and
exercisable options as of December 31, 1998:
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
-------------------------------------- -------------------------------
WEIGHTED AVERAGE WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
RANGE OF NUMBER REMAINING CONTRACTUAL AVERAGE NUMBER AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICES OUTSTANDING LIFE (YEARS) EXERCISE PRICE EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 0.25 - $ 5.00 269,972 4.5 $ 3.51 269,972 $ 3.51
$ 5.01 - $10.00 1,455,668 8.6 $ 8.17 491,018 $ 6.84
$10.01 - $20.00 2,050,010 9.0 $11.34 444,556 $13.25
$20.01 - $30.00 134,772 8.0 $27.58 73,473 $28.49
$30.01 - $39.94 52,000 8.1 $39.72 52,000 $39.72
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3,962,422 8.5 $10.53 1,331,019 $10.77
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Company has adopted the disclosure-only provisions of SFAS No. 123,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." In accordance with the provisions of
SFAS No. 123, the Company applies Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 and
related interpretations in accounting for its stock option plans and,
accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized for stock options granted
to employees in 1996, 1997 or 1998. If the Company had elected to recognize
compensation cost based on the fair value of the options granted at grant date
as prescribed by SFAS No. 123, the net income for the year ended December 31,
1996 would have been reduced by $2.7 million ($0.08 and $0.07 per share, basic
and diluted, respectively), net loss for the year ended December 31, 1997 would
have been increased by $5.9 million ($0.14 per share, basic and diluted), and
income for the year ended December 31, 1998 would have been reduced by $3.6
million ($0.08 per share, basic and diluted). Pro forma calculations exclude the
effect of stock options granted prior to 1995. Accordingly, the 1996, 1997 and
1998 pro forma adjustments are not indicative of future period pro forma
adjustments when the calculation will reflect all applicable stock options. The
estimated weighted average fair value at grant date for the options granted
during 1996, 1997 and 1998 were $13.54, $14.30 and $5.86 per option,
respectively. The fair value of options at date of grant was estimated using the
Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
1996 1997 1998
Expected dividend yield None None None
Expected stock price volatility 40% 40% 45%
Risk-free interest rate 6.2% 6.1% 5.2%
Expected life of options 5 years 5 years 5 years
F-15
11. INCOME TAXES
The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following
components (in thousands):
1996 1997 1998
Current:
Federal $ 3,012 $ 21,617 $ 12,843
State 527 2,833 1,007
-------- -------- -------
Total 3,539 24,450 13,850
-------- -------- -------
Deferred:
Federal (5,424) (14,448)
State (221) (309)
-------- -------
Total (5,645) (14,757)
-------- -------
Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 3,539 $ 18,805 $ (907)
-------- -------- -------
-------- -------- -------
A reconciliation of the income tax provision (benefit) based on federal
statutory rates and income (loss) before income taxes to the provision
(benefit) for income taxes as reported is as follows (in thousands):
1996 1997 1998
Provision (benefit) at statutory rates $ 9,475 $(23,060) $ 639
Charges not deductible or recognizable
for tax purposes 43,351
State income taxes, net 361 1,779 326
Research and development tax credits (583)
NOL carryforwards utilized (6,852) (1,015) (515)
Change in beginning of year deferred tax valuation
allowance (1,545)
Impact of foreign income taxed at different rates (364) (260)
Federal alternative minimum tax (credit) 234 (235)
Other 321 (341) (279)
-------- -------- --------
Provision (benefit) for income taxes $ 3,539 $ 18,805 $ (907)
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
F-16
Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the impact of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for
financial reporting purposes and the amounts recognized for income tax
purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and
liabilities as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 are as follows (in thousands):
1997 1998
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards $ 25,422 $ 23,850
Capitalized research and development 8,247 6,990
Research and development credits 2,549
Reserves and accruals not currently deductible 5,023 21,851
Other 341 593
-------- --------
Total deferred tax assets 41,582 53,284
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization (650) (1,732)
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (36,022) (31,885)
-------- --------
Net deferred tax assets $ 4,910 $ 19,667
-------- --------
-------- --------
The Company has provided a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets
based on management's assessment of the likelihood of realizing those assets.
Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon having sufficient
taxable income during the period that temporary differences and carryforwards
are expected to be available to reduce taxable income. During the year ended
December 31, 1997, the balance of the beginning-of-year valuation allowance
was reduced by approximately $1.5 million due to a change in management's
judgment about the realizability of deferred tax assets relating to net
operating loss carryforwards.
At December 31, 1998, the Company had federal net operating loss ("NOL")
carryforwards of approximately $64 million, which begin expiring in 2003.
This amount includes NOL carryforwards totaling approximately $37 million
acquired in connection with the Company's purchase of the callable common
stock of Spiros Corp. The availability of the NOL carryforwards is subject to
annual limitations pursuant to the "change in ownership" provisions of
Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Company does not provide for income taxes which would be payable if
undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries were remitted because the
Company considers these earnings to be invested indefinitely. Tax benefits
realized from the exercise of stock options are credited directly to
shareholders' equity and are reflected on the consolidated statements of
shareholders' equity.
F-17
12. CHARGES FOR ACQUIRED IN-PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, PURCHASE OPTIONS AND OTHER
NONRECURRING ITEMS
Charges for acquired in-process technology, purchase options and other
nonrecurring items consisted of the following (in thousands):
1997 1998
Impairment of long-term assets $ 2,870 $29,332
Acquired in-process technology 45,989
Acquired purchase options 75,000
Buy-out of royalty agreement 13,780
-------- -------
Total $137,639 $29,332
-------- -------
-------- -------
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-TERM ASSETS - The Company periodically evaluates its ability
to recover the carrying value of its long-term assets. In the fourth quarter of
1998, management concluded that the Company would not recover the carrying value
of the Rondec product line and, accordingly, recorded a nonrecurring charge of
$29.3 million. This conclusion was based on a discounted cash flow forecast for
the Rondec products and takes into consideration the terms of the licensing of
the marketing and distribution rights of these products to DJ Pharma (see Note
3). Sales of the Rondec products declined significantly in 1998 as the Company
focused its promotion efforts away from its branded generic products such as
Rondec and toward Dura's patent protected and proprietary products.
In 1997, management concluded that the decline in the fair value of an
investment in equity securities was "other than temporary" and, accordingly,
recorded a charge of $2.9 million to write down the investment to its estimated
fair value.
ACQUIRED IN-PROCESS TECHNOLOGY - The charge for acquired in-process technology
in 1997 relates to the Company's acquisition of Spiros Corp. (see Note 13). The
Company concluded that due to the additional development and testing to be
performed and regulatory approvals required, the commercial viability of the
technology acquired in this acquisition had not yet been established. As such, a
charge to earnings was recorded for the portion of the purchase price allocated
to in-process technology. Such acquired in-process technology was licensed to
Spiros Corp. II upon its formation (see Note 7).
ACQUIRED PURCHASE OPTIONS - In connection with the formation of Spiros Corp. II
in 1997, the Company contributed $75 million as consideration for the options to
acquire the rights to certain products from Spiros Corp. II (see Note 7). The
Company concurrently recorded charges for this purchase option for the amount of
cash contributed to Spiros Corp. II.
BUY-OUT OF ROYALTY AGREEMENT - In December 1997, the Company terminated a
ten-year royalty agreement which the Company entered into in 1994. The agreement
required the Company to make quarterly royalty payments based on sales in
specified sales territories. As consideration for terminating the agreement, the
Company made a cash payment of $11.3 million (paid in January 1998) and issued a
warrant to purchase 200,000 shares of the Company's common stock for $45.12 per
share. The estimated fair value of the warrant at issuance was $2.5 million
which, when combined with the cash payment, resulted in a nonrecurring charge of
$13.8 million.
13. ACQUISITIONS
The following acquisitions have been accounted for under the purchase method of
accounting and, accordingly, the operating results of these acquisitions are
included in the Company's consolidated results of operations from the date of
acquisition.
F-18
SPIROS CORP. - On December 19, 1997, the Company acquired all of the outstanding
callable common stock and options of Spiros Corp. (see Note 7). The purchase
price of $45.7 million consisted of 896,606 shares of the Company's common stock
and a cash payment of $2 million. The net assets acquired included cash of $1
million. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets
acquired of $44.7 million was allocated to in-process technology. The Company
concluded, based on an assessment of the additional development, testing and
regulatory approvals required, that the commercial viability of the technology
had not yet been established. In addition, no alternative future uses of the
technology, not requiring regulatory approval, have been established. As a
result of this assessment, the acquired in-process technology was expensed as a
nonrecurring charge in December 1997. Such acquired in-process technology was
licensed to Spiros Corp. II upon its formation (see Note 7).
The following unaudited pro forma summary presents the consolidated results of
operations as if the acquisition of Spiros Corp. had occurred on January 1,
1996, after giving effect to certain adjustments, including the issuance of
Company common stock. The charge to earnings for acquired in-process technology
is not reflected in the pro forma results as it is nonrecurring. These pro forma
results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to
be indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition been made on
January 1, 1996, nor is it indicative of future results (in thousands, except
per share amounts).
1996 1997
Total revenues $ 85,181 $ 162,444
Net income (loss) $ 9,801 $ (49,917)
Net income (loss) per share - basic $ 0.27 $ (1.12)
Net income (loss) per share - diluted $ 0.24 $ (1.12)
14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
EMPLOYEE SAVINGS PLANS - The Company has a 401(k) plan that allows participating
employees to contribute 1% to 15% of their salary, subject to annual limits. The
Board may, at its sole discretion, approve Company contributions. The Company
made contributions to the plan totaling $532,000, $867,000 and $1.1 million in
1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
The Company has a non-qualified deferred compensation plan that allows eligible
employees to defer up to 100% of their compensation. As of December 31, 1998,
$6.5 million has been deferred under this plan which is included in other assets
and other long-term obligations. The amounts deferred under this plan are
transferred to a trust and managed by an investment manager. Included in the
trust investments at December 31, 1998 are 156,250 units of Spiros Corp. II (see
Note 7).
LINE OF CREDIT - In April 1997, the Company entered into a loan agreement with a
bank which provides for the borrowing of up to $50 million on an unsecured basis
through May 1, 1999. Borrowings under the agreement bear interest at the bank's
reference rate (7.75% at December 31, 1998) or an offshore rate plus 1.5% as
selected by the Company. The agreement places restrictions on the payment of
cash dividends and on the incurrence of additional indebtedness by the Company.
As of December 31, 1998, no borrowings have been or were outstanding under this
agreement.
TERMINATION OF MERGER AGREEMENT WITH SCANDIPHARM, INC. - On December 1, 1997,
the Company terminated a merger agreement with Scandipharm, Inc. ("Scandipharm")
entered into on October 20, 1997. On January 16, 1998, Scandipharm filed suit
against the Company for breach of contract. On January 20, 1998, the Company
filed suit against Scandipharm seeking a declaratory judgment that Dura's
termination of the merger agreement did not breach the agreement and for damages
against Scandipharm. The Company believes that it had the right to terminate the
merger agreement, that Scandipharm's claims in its lawsuit and its claims for
damages are without merit, and the outcome of this matter will not have a
material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition or operations.
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SHAREHOLDER CLASS ACTION LITIGATION - Commencing on January 27, 1999, several
class action suits were filed against the Company, various current or former
officers and directors of the Company, and one of the Company's investment
bankers in the United States District Court for the Southern District of
California. The lawsuits allege violations of the federal securities laws, and
purport to seek damages on behalf of a class of shareholders who purchased Dura
common stock during a defined period. The Company believes that the claims in
the lawsuits are without merit and intends to defend against them vigorously.
15. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company operates in two business segments: (1) Pharmaceutical Products and
(2) Research and Development. The Pharmaceutical Products segment markets
prescription pharmaceutical products for the treatment of respiratory ailments.
The Research and Development segment manages the development of Spiros. Each of
the Company's segments operates solely within the United States.
Three wholesale customers individually accounted for 17%, 14%, and 13% of 1996
sales, two wholesale customers each individually accounted for 11% of 1997
sales, and two wholesale customers individually accounted for 13% and 11% of
1998 sales.
The following table summarizes information about the Company's operating
segments for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997, and 1998 (in thousands):
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND
PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT CORPORATE CONSOLIDATED
Total revenues 1996 $ 79,563 $ 24,556 $ 104,119
1997 $ 150,476 $ 30,847 $ 181,323
1998 $ 136,193 $ 62,959 $ 199,152
Operating income/(loss)(1) 1996 $ 18,959 $ 2,688 $ 21,647
1997 $ 42,590 $(120,607) $ (78,017)
1998 $ (22,432) $ 15,023 $ (7,409)
Identifiable assets 1997 $ 307,922 $ 46,433 $ 420,525 $ 774,880
1998 $ 413,565 $ 75,990 $ 335,904 $ 825,459
Capital expenditures 1996 $ 365 $ 10,048 $ 2,432 $ 12,845
1997 $ 685 $ 18,835 $ 4,559 $ 24,079
1998 $ 1,200 $ 33,010 $ 7,991 $ 42,201
Depreciation and amortization 1996 $ 5,167 $ 1,150 $ 6,317
1997 $ 12,693 $ 2,516 $ 15,209
1998 $ 16,166 $ 4,288 $ 20,454
(1) The 1998 operating loss for the Pharmaceutical Products segment was
increased by $36.8 million for the write-off of the carrying value of the
Rondec product rights (see Note 12) and for the impact of consolidating DJ
Pharma (see Note 3). The 1997 operating income for the Research and
Development segment was decreased by $123.8 million for (1) the in-process
technology acquired in connection with our acquisition of Spiros Corp. (see
Note 13), (2) the purchase option charge resulting from the cash
contribution to Spiros Corp. II (see Note 7) and
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(3) the write-off of the carrying value of a long-term investment (see Note
12). The 1997 operating income for the Pharmaceutical Products segment was
decreased by $13.8 million resulting from the termination of a ten-year
royalty agreement (see Note 12).
16. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly results of operations for the
years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998 (in thousands, except per share amounts).
FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH
1997 QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER
Total revenues $ 40,893 $ 43,631 $ 43,343 $ 53,456
Operating income (loss) 11,170 12,302 13,377 (114,866)
Net income (loss) 8,787 9,282 11,325 (114,086)
Net income (loss) per share - basic 0.20 0.21 0.26 (2.57)
Net income (loss) per share - diluted 0.19 0.20 0.24 (2.57)
1998
Total revenues $ 48,766 $ 51,938 $ 43,363 $ 55,085
Operating income (loss) 8,569 10,047 1,043 (27,068)
Net income (loss) 7,164 8,177 2,424 (15,032)
Net income (loss) per share - basic 0.16 0.18 0.05 (0.33)
Net income (loss) per share - diluted 0.15 0.17 0.05 (0.33)
See Notes 5, 7, 12 and 13 for discussions of transactions which occurred
during 1997 and 1998, affecting the comparability of the Company's quarterly
results of operations.
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